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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
sense_n body_n death_n soul_n 7,226 5 5.8870 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A26335 An essay concerning self-murther wherein is endeavour'd to prove that it is unlawful according to natural principles : with some considerations upon what is pretended from the said principles, by the author of a treatise intituled, Biathanatos, and others / by J. Adams ... Adams, John, 1662-1720. 1700 (1700) Wing A483; ESTC R22152 139,541 336

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to_o make_v it_o far_o worse_o than_o death_n be_v extreme_a pain_n now_o the_o fallacy_n lie_v in_o not_o mention_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o dissolution_n which_o may_v be_v violent_a or_o natural_a and_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o to_o a_o good_a man_n indeed_o life_n in_o extreme_a pain_n be_v far_o worse_a than_o natural_a death_n and_o this_o be_v a_o proper_a argument_n for_o such_o man_n not_o to_o sear_v such_o a_o death_n but_o the_o death_n which_o we_o be_v speak_v of_o be_v a_o death_n of_o self-murder_n which_o shall_v have_v be_v particular_o express_v and_o then_o the_o question_n will_v be_v whether_o a_o life_n of_o extreme_a pain_n be_v far_o worse_a than_o a_o death_n of_o self-murder_n now_o to_o judge_v true_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v not_o only_o consider_v the_o time_n of_o the_o dissolution_n or_o the_o pain_n that_o accompany_v it_o which_o in_o self-murder_n may_v be_v little_a or_o none_o but_o also_o what_o be_v to_o sollow_v for_o if_o we_o shall_v look_v upon_o death_n here_o only_o as_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n without_o any_o far_a prospect_n than_o this_o comparison_n that_o to_o live_v in_o extreme_a pain_n be_v far_o worse_a than_o to_o die_v will_v be_v impertinent_a because_o death_n in_o this_o sense_n will_v be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o utter_a end_n of_o all_o sensation_n and_o if_o so_o what_o a_o notable_a discovery_n will_v it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o continuation_n of_o extreme_a pain_n be_v far_o worse_a than_o the_o cessation_n of_o it_o or_o that_o it_o be_v far_o worse_a to_o seel_v great_a misery_n than_o not_o to_o seel_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o wherefore_o to_o give_v some_o ground_n for_o the_o comparison_n as_o life_n suppose_v some_o state_n or_o condition_n so_o death_n must_v likewise_o and_o therefore_o that_o which_o follow_v afterward_o must_v he_o in_o include_v in_o the_o word_n if_o this_o than_o be_v grant_v let_v life_n be_v never_o so_o 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can_v acquit_v he_o from_o a_o action_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o plain_a and_o undeniable_a certainty_n and_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a can_v be_v have_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n and_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o this_o consequence_n it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a without_o any_o far_o argue_v to_o stop_v any_o man_n hand_n to_o consider_v this_o alone_a that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n in_o all_o age_n at_o least_o ten_o thousand_o to_o one_o have_v hold_v some_o future_a state_n and_o then_o what_o a_o folly_n must_v it_o be_v upon_o the_o pretence_n of_o incertainty_n to_o run_v such_o a_o hazard_n against_o so_o much_o odds_o to_o rush_v violent_o into_o death_n unlawful_a when_o that_o which_o be_v lawful_a be_v so_o very_o near_o i_o mean_v in_o the_o case_n of_o extreme_a pain_n or_o sickness_n and_o for_o the_o avoid_v a_o short_a time_n of_o misery_n here_o venture_v the_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n more_o miserable_a hereafter_o but_o still_o they_o may_v insist_v 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to_o destroy_v himself_o 1._o it_o be_v very_o seldom_o that_o god_n be_v the_o only_a or_o chief_a cause_n of_o man_n suffering_n thus_o or_o that_o he_o please_v to_o reduce_v he_o to_o extreme_a pain_n and_o misery_n without_o any_o fault_n of_o the_o sufferer_n especial_o those_o who_o be_v incline_v to_o murder_n themselves_o because_o their_o passion_n be_v high_a and_o uncontrollable_a they_o despise_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o future_a state_n and_o therefore_o be_v common_o the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o own_o misery_n it_o be_v their_o own_o folly_n that_o put_v such_o and_o such_o second_o cause_n into_o such_o a_o motion_n as_o natural_o produce_v such_o effect_n as_o great_a poverty_n just_a disgrace_n painful_a sore_n and_o torture_a disease_n and_o than_o if_o life_n become_v worse_a to_o any_o one_o of_o these_o than_o any_o death_n he_o must_v blame_v himself_o alone_o wherefore_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o unreasonable_a than_o for_o 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but_o man_n alone_o and_o since_o this_o dread_n may_v increase_v to_o a_o very_a great_a degree_n by_o the_o niceness_n of_o his_o reflection_n and_o the_o tenderness_n of_o his_o conscience_n there_o be_v no_o creature_n that_o can_v possible_o be_v so_o miserable_a as_o man_n and_o if_o this_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n than_o there_o be_v not_o a_o beast_n a_o insect_n that_o perish_v but_o have_v great_o the_o advantage_n of_o this_o reason_v creature_n this_o lord_n of_o the_o world_n as_o he_o have_v flatter_v himself_o to_o be_v for_o so_o many_o age_n since_o than_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o man_n have_v such_o notion_n and_o that_o god_n who_o dispose_v the_o frame_n of_o his_o nature_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o to_o receive_v they_o early_o and_o retain_v they_o strong_o be_v alwise_a good_a and_o just_a it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o he_o do_v this_o in_o vain_a or_o only_o to_o disturb_v and_o torment_v he_o for_o as_o it_o will_v not_o be_v agreeable_a to_o 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government_n and_o that_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o those_o who_o have_v have_v the_o sense_n and_o courage_n to_o assert_v their_o natural_a liberty_n have_v never_o be_v trouble_v with_o any_o thing_n of_o this_o kind_n nothing_o can_v be_v more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o for_o first_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n that_o the_o distinction_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a which_o be_v general_o the_o same_o be_v sound_v in_o nature_n that_o the_o force_n which_o they_o have_v upon_o man_n mind_n be_v ancient_a than_o government_n itself_o as_o be_v from_o right_a reason_n which_o be_v coeternal_a with_o god_n as_o cicero_n tell_v we_o nor_o say_v he_o legibus_fw-la he_o nec_fw-la si_fw-la regnante_fw-la lue._n tarquinio_n nulla_fw-la erat_fw-la romae_fw-la scripta_fw-la ●…ex_fw-la de_fw-la stupris_fw-la idcirco_fw-la non_fw-la contra_fw-la illam_fw-la legem_fw-la sempiter●…am_fw-la sext._n tarq._n vim_o lucretiae_n attulit_fw-la erat_fw-la enim_fw-la ratio_fw-la profecta_fw-la à_fw-la 〈◊〉_d natura_fw-la &_o adrecte_v faciendum_fw-la impellens_fw-la &_o à_fw-la delicto_fw-la avocans_fw-la qu●…_n non_fw-fr tum_fw-la denique_fw-la incipit_fw-la lox_fw-la esse_fw-la cum_fw-la scripta_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la tum_fw-la cum_fw-la orta_fw-la est_fw-la orta_fw-la est_fw-la autem_fw-la simu●…_n cum_fw-la montos_fw-la divina_fw-la lib._n 2._o de_fw-la legibus_fw-la if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o write_a law_n against_o rape_n in_o tarquin_n reign_n will_v his_o son_n sextus_n when_o he_o force_v lucretia_n have_v sin_v the_o less_o against_o this_o eternal_a law_n because_o this_o be_v reason_n itself_o rise_v from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o thing_n and_o prompt_v we_o to_o good_a and_o restrain_v we_o from_o evil_a according_o which_o do_v not_o then_o first_o become_v law_n when_o it_o be_v write_v down_o but_o oblige_v from_o its_o beginning_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o divine_a mind_n it_o self_n so_o that_o the_o 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this_o chapter_n or_o suppose_v that_o some_o gentleman_n even_o that_o one_o in_o a_o hundred_o which_o i_o be_o sure_a be_v many_o more_o than_o i_o need_v grant_v have_v whole_o extinguish_v any_o such_o notion_n do_v it_o follow_v from_o hence_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o at_o all_o or_o be_v those_o few_o a_o better_a argument_n of_o what_o be_v natural_a to_o man_n than_o so_o many_o thousand_o of_o other_o what_o if_o there_o be_v some_o few_o that_o be_v deaf_a or_o blind_a or_o that_o have_v besot_v themselves_o by_o their_o vice_n shall_v we_o conclude_v from_o hence_o that_o stupidity_n or_o blindness_n be_v natural_a and_o that_o see_v and_o apprehend_v be_v sign_n of_o man_n be_v out_o of_o order_n though_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o sense_n of_o evil_a and_o fear_n of_o future_a punishment_n this_o will_v be_v no_o better_a argument_n that_o such_o a_o person_n soul_n be_v in_o its_o proper_a and_o natural_a state_n than_o the_o body_n be_v free_a from_o all_o pain_n will_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v in_o perfect_a health_n pain_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o some_o violence_n offer_v to_o nature_n in_o order_n to_o put_v it_o upon_o its_o guard_n as_o the_o soul_n have_v a_o outward_a sense_n of_o it_o by_o the_o body_n that_o it_o may_v resist_v or_o avoid_v whatever_o be_v hurtful_a to_o that_o so_o it_o have_v a_o inward_a sense_n of_o it_o in_o a_o ill_a conscience_n that_o it_o may_v avoid_v what_o may_v prove_v hurtful_a to_o itself_o also_o now_o as_o it_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a for_o any_o one_o upon_o his_o loss_n of_o feel_v in_o any_o part_n from_o a_o gangrene_n or_o dead_a palsy_n to_o argue_v that_o it_o be_v unnatural_a for_o any_o man_n to_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o feel_v in_o that_o part_n so_o be_v it_o no_o less_o strange_a for_o any_o one_o that_o have_v lose_v these_o notion_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a reward_n or_o punishment_n in_o a_o
own_o reason_n in_o what_o appear_v to_o he_o good_a or_o evil_a in_o embrace_v the_o first_o and_o avoid_v the_o latter_a though_o he_o may_v be_v mistake_v follow_v his_o own_o nature_n according_o if_o he_o can_v obtain_v that_o in_o which_o he_o place_v his_o happiness_n and_o his_o life_n become_v miserable_a upon_o this_o account_n he_o follow_v nature_n who_o lay_v it_o down_o to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o to_o sollow_v one_o own_o nature_n can_v be_v any_o exemption_n from_o what_o be_v say_v before_o nor_o be_v the_o account_n which_o have_v be_v give_v there_o too_o general_a for_o as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o end_n of_o life_n the_o follow_v of_o reason_n by_o virtue_n this_o belong_v equal_o to_o humane_a nature_n in_o general_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o man_n be_v rational_a either_o then_o by_o this_o be_v mean_v the_o same_o with_o the_o follow_v of_o humane_a nature_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n by_o which_o all_o mankind_n be_v to_o act_n or_o else_o we_o must_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v a_o particular_a rule_n or_o law_n give_v to_o every_o individual_a person_n different_a from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o same_o species_n which_o he_o alone_o be_v bind_v to_o follow_v but_o this_o will_v be_v more_o unreasonable_a than_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o every_o subject_a of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o that_o country_n but_o that_o he_o have_v a_o particular_a private_a law_n by_o which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o act_n and_o that_o too_o often_o in_o direct_a opposition_n to_o the_o other_o 2._o by_o follow_v once_o own_o nature_n perhaps_o be_v mean_v the_o same_o with_o zeno_n maxim_n 185_o maxim_n or_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d diog._n laer_n p._n 185_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o i_o think_v may_v be_v render_v the_o live_n conformable_o or_o consistent_o i.e._n the_o be_v the_o same_o in_o opinion_n humour_n manner_n the_o have_v one_o life_n all_o of_o a_o piece_n whatsoever_o come_v to_o pass_v which_o they_o also_o call_v 1._o call_v ci●…ero_n de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 1._o decorum_n as_o if_o a_o man_n be_v of_o a_o easy_a and_o oblige_a temper_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v the_o same_o in_o adversity_n as_o well_o as_o prosperity_n sickness_n and_o health_n to_o the_o mean_a poor_a man_n as_o to_o the_o great_a potentate_n if_o of_o a_o grave_a austere_a way_n which_o be_v that_o which_o they_o choose_v he_o shall_v carry_v that_o on_o through_o the_o worst_a event_n and_o nothing_o be_v able_a to_o alter_v he_o the_o maintain_v either_o of_o these_o or_o any_o other_o particular_a character_n may_v be_v call_v the_o follow_v of_o one_o own_o nature_n but_o though_o man_n may_v choose_v different_a way_n of_o behaviour_n according_a to_o their_o fancy_n or_o constitution_n yet_o this_o must_v still_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o former_a universal_a maxim_n the_o live_a according_a to_o nature_n as_o humane_a and_o reasonable_a otherwise_o the_o character_n whatever_o it_o be_v will_v be_v vicious_a and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o worse_a to_o maintain_v it_o and_o equal_o absurd_a whether_o a_o man_n be_v always_o affable_o or_o surlily_n the_o same_o if_o always_o in_o the_o wrong_n so_o that_o this_o regard_v only_o the_o outside_n the_o dress_n of_o virtue_n the_o particular_a fashion_n which_o she_o be_v to_o appear_v in_o let_v man_n be_v sure_a of_o her_o first_o by_o follow_v nature_n as_o humane_a in_o general_n and_o then_o they_o may_v give_v she_o what_o appearance_n they_o please_v by_o follow_v their_o own_o nature_n this_o will_v be_v further_o explain_v in_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o next_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n abovementioned_a 11●…_n abovementioned_a see_v more_o to_o this_o purpose_n chap._n 11●…_n 3._o by_o follow_v once_o own_o nature_n some_o will_v have_v mean_v the_o follow_v a_o particular_a opinion_n or_o humour_n the_o indulge_v that_o particular_a appetite_n or_o passion_n which_o by_o education_n example_n or_o constitution_n have_v get_v the_o ascendant_n which_o bring_v i_o to_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o objection_n to_o follow_v nature_n be_v to_o seek_v to_o be_v happy_a happiness_n consist_v in_o obtain_v that_o which_o seem_v good_a to_o i_o and_o avoid_v that_o which_o seem_v evil_a i_o and_o no_o other_o must_v be_v the_o judge_n of_o this_o wherefore_o if_o life_n become_v a_o evil_a and_o death_n a_o good_a to_o i_o by_o the_o want_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o which_o i_o place_v my_o happiness_n or_o by_o the_o suffer_a any_o thing_n in_o which_o i_o place_v my_o misery_n i_o do_v but_o follow_v nature_n in_o kill_v myself_o and_o the_o law_n of_o self-preservation_n be_v not_o transgress_v by_o my_o do_v so_o but_o cease_v natural_o this_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v answer_v by_o show_v these_o two_o thing_n 1._o in_o what_o happiness_n or_o misery_n good_a or_o evil_a as_o to_o humane_a life_n do_v real_o consist_v 2._o the_o unreasonableness_n of_o every_o man_n be_v be_v leave_v to_o himself_o to_o follow_v what_o seem_v good_a or_o evil_a to_o he_o and_o to_o dispose_v of_o life_n according_o as_o to_o the_o first_o happiness_n true_o cons●…s_v in_o the_o observe_v the_o end_n of_o life_n which_o have_v be_v so_o often_o mention_v as_o this_o be_v 17._o be_v see_v chap._n 2._o p._n 17._o do_v more_o or_o less_o man_n be_v proportionable_o happy_a as_o it_o be_v omit_v proportionable_o miserable_a but_o in_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n happiness_n signify_v the_o enjoyment_n of_o a_o man_n desire_n whatever_o they_o be_v and_o for_o any_o one_o to_o say_v that_o he_o can_v be_v happy_a without_o such_o or_o such_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n and_o that_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a of_o his_o whole_a life_n depend_v upon_o it_o signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o vehemence_n of_o that_o man_n desire_n not_o that_o there_o be_v any_o real_a happiness_n in_o obtain_v it_o or_o misery_n in_o sail_v of_o it_o it_o prove_v most_o common_o quite_o contrary_a that_o the_o more_o a_o man_n enjoy_v what_o he_o vehement_o desire_v the_o more_o miserable_a he_o be_v afterward_o and_o then_o 24._o then_o ridiculum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la mortem_fw-la cu●…re_fw-la tadio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la cum_fw-la ●…nere_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la ●…t_fw-la ●…lum_fw-la ci●…_n ad_fw-la mor●…_n effeceris_fw-la sen._n ●…pilt_v 24._o forsooth_o life_n seem_v a_o evil_a to_o he_o and_o amid_o the_o discontent_n and_o vexation_n which_o come_v upon_o he_o at_o the_o sense_n of_o his_o folly_n and_o the_o just_a reproof_n of_o his_o reason_n he_o tell_v you_o very_o philosophical_o that_o he_o do_v but_o follow_v nature_n in_o deliver_v himself_o from_o what_o be_v evil_a when_o he_o have_v be_v act_v against_o nature_n against_o good_a sense_n for_o that_o be_v humane_a nature_n all_o the_o while_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v so_o instead_o of_o recover_v the_o way_n which_o he_o have_v lose_v and_o begin_v true_o to_o follow_v nature_n he_o desert_n it_o whole_o and_o irrecoverable_o and_o offer_v the_o great_a and_o most_o positive_a violence_n to_o it_o by_o self-murder_n but_o the_o mistake_v concern_v happiness_n or_o misery_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o mistake_v concern_v good_a and_o evil_a and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o they_o as_o humane_a life_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o soul_n and_o body_n so_o what_o be_v good_a must_v be_v consider_v in_o a_o twofold_a manner_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o soul_n or_o to_o the_o body_n 1._o as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o soul_n the_o regulate_a and_o improve_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o end_n of_o humane_a life_n this_o be_v usual_o call_v moral_a good_a and_o the_o contrary_a moral_a evil._n or_o else_o two_o as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o body_n the_o health_n or_o the_o preservation_n of_o it_o for_o which_o end_v the_o several_a way_n of_o perception_n common_o call_v sense_n be_v ordain_v by_o which_o notice_n be_v give_v to_o reason_n what_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o maintain_v this_o union_n and_o preserve_v life_n or_o what_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o destroy_v it_o this_o be_v common_o call_v sensitive_a good_a and_o the_o contrary_a sensitive_a evil._n to_o bring_v this_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n suppose_v that_o good_a true_a or_o seem_v be_v a_o proper_a rule_n and_o end_v of_o humane_a action_n there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o good_a as_o have_v be_v show_v moral_a or_o sensitive_a but_o through_o which_o of_o these_o be_v it_o that_o self-murder_n can_v appear_v lawful_a if_o moral_a good_a tend_v not_o only_o to_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o also_o to_o the_o prolong_n of_o
country_n and_o himself_o the_o first_o only_a hazard_n life_n the_o latter_a choose_v death_n if_o the_o first_o happen_v to_o die_v it_o be_v against_o his_o will_n if_o the_o latter_a life_n it_o be_v against_o he_o and_o as_o to_o the_o public_a the_o one_o ●…es_n for_o it_o the_o other_o die_v against_o it_o not_o only_o by_o desert_v it_o but_o by_o break_v its_o law_n and_o encourage_v other_o to_o do_v so_o and_o also_o by_o enervate_v the_o srri●…st_a tie_n of_o kindness_n trust_v and_o justice_n which_o may_v end_v at_o last_o in_o the_o total_a dissolution_n of_o any_o government_n the_o comparison_n may_v be_v carry_v further_o but_o this_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o this_o conclusion_n that_o because_o a_o man_n may_v give_v a_o magistrate_n his_o plank_n in_o a_o shipwreck_n therefore_o he_o may_v murder_n himself_o the_o next_o objection_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o if_o self-murder_n be_v unjust_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o public_a it_o be_v because_o it_o lose_v a_o member_n 111._o member_n biath_n p._n 111._o but_o this_o may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v of_o all_o those_o who_o retire_v themselves_o from_o function_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n defraud_v the_o state_n of_o their_o assistance_n and_o attend_v only_o their_o own_o ends._n 113._o ends._n ib._n p._n 113._o if_o the_o person_n be_v of_o necessary_a use_n to_o the_o state_n there_o be_v in_o it_o some_o degree_n of_o injustice_n but_o yet_o no_o more_o than_o if_o a_o general_n of_o much_o use_n shall_v retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n to_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v 1._o that_o one_o of_o the_o reason_n why_o self-murder_n be_v unjust_a to_o the_o public_a but_o not_o the_o only_a one_o be_v its_o lose_v a_o member_n 2._o the_o instance_n here_o give_v do_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o point_n for_o a_o general_n may_v not_o lay_v down_o his_o commission_n without_o leave_n when_o he_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o country_n service_n but_o he_o may_v just_o be_v punish_v if_o he_o refuse_v to_o act._n yet_o suppose_v a_o man_n may_v retire_v from_o public_a affair_n to_o attend_v his_o own_o end_n be_v this_o as_o much_o damage_n to_o the_o public_a as_o self-murder_n he_o that_o attend_v his_o own_o end_n if_o by_o this_o be_v mean_v his_o particular_a interest_n as_o to_o his_o family_n contribute_v to_o the_o public_a good_a and_o may_v do_v so_o very_o considerable_o though_o never_o so_o much_o retire_v however_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o retirement_n may_v alter_v and_o then_o he_o may_v serve_v the_o public_a again_o upon_o necessity_n or_o shall_v he_o not_o he_o may_v serve_v and_o assist_v his_o particular_a friend_n and_o relation_n improve_v his_o knowledge_n and_o his_o fortune_n be_v a_o example_n of_o virtue_n and_o in_o many_o other_o respect_n observe_v the_o end_n for_o which_o life_n be_v give_v and_o this_o sure_a can_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o put_v a_o man_n self_n into_o a_o unalterable_a incapacity_n of_o do_v any_o good_a at_o all_o by_o the_o wilful_a and_o positive_a destruction_n of_o life_n to_o this_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v reply_v that_o here_o strength_n and_o vigour_n be_v require_v health_n of_o body_n and_o activity_n of_o mind_n but_o suppose_v a_o man_n by_o 10._o by_o as_o the_o stoic_n see_v chap._n 10._o extreme_a age_n or_o infirmity_n by_o loss_n some_o sense_n or_o some_o limb_n shall_v be_v make_v incapable_a of_o serve_v the_o public_a have_v not_o he_o as_o good_a be_v go_v as_o stay_v to_o no_o purpose_n may_v not_o he_o leave_v the_o world_n if_o he_o please_v when_o he_o be_v become_v good_a for_o nothing_o this_o supposition_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o very_a gross_a sense_n of_o serve_v the_o public_a as_o if_o statesman_n be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o breadth_n of_o their_o shoulder_n and_o strong_a and_o sizeable_a man_n be_v as_o necessary_a for_o the_o council_n table_n as_o the_o guard_n room_n for_o if_o man_n be_v past_a reason_n the_o dispute_n be_v at_o a_o end_n but_o if_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o use_v it_o why_o shall_v old_a age_n be_v object_v unless_o maturity_n and_o experience_n shall_v be_v disadvantage_n when_o reason_n be_v lose_v no_o man_n can_v be_v accountable_a for_o self-murder_n or_o any_o other_o action_n yet_o even_o then_o we_o preserve_v life_n careful_o in_o idiot_n and_o madman_n at_o the_o public_a expense_n either_o in_o hope_n of_o their_o recovery_n or_o to_o learn_v to_o value_v reason_n as_o we_o ought_v or_o to_o praise_v the_o giver_n of_o it_o so_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o wretch_n but_o may_v be_v some_o way_n or_o other_o beneficial_a to_o the_o public_a even_o by_o his_o be_v alive_o alone_o how_o much_o more_o may_v he_o be_v so_o when_o reason_n remain_v and_o that_o too_o so_o high_o value_v and_o well_o understand_v that_o man_n will_v choose_v soon_o to_o part_v with_o life_n than_o remain_v deprive_v of_o the_o glorious_a advantage_n of_o it_o or_o if_o this_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v what_o rule_n can_v be_v give_v what_o degree_n of_o age_n or_o insirmity_n can_v be_v fix_v when_o man_n shall_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o and_o permit_v to_o murder_n themselves_o according_o such_o a_o thing_n if_o possible_a may_v prevent_v it_o indeed_o since_o man_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o live_v in_o despite_n of_o all_o their_o misery_n rather_o than_o buy_v the_o privilege_n of_o self-murder_n at_o so_o dear_a a_o rate_n as_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o other_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o acknowledge_v themselves_o that_o they_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o but_o while_o reason_n remain_v as_o i_o say_v before_o this_o be_v impossible_a and_o many_o instance_n may_v be_v give_v of_o person_n who_o have_v do_v their_o country_n the_o most_o considerable_a service_n under_o all_o these_o calamity_n abovementioned_a nay_o at_o the_o very_a time_n of_o death_n itself_o the_o whole_a senate_n of_o rome_n have_v once_o so_o base_o degenerate_v as_o to_o surrender_v up_o tame_o their_o liberty_n and_o their_o glorj_n in_o that_o dishonourable_a peace_n which_o they_o have_v unanimous_o resolve_v to_o conclude_v with_o pyrrhus_n 14._o pyrrhus_n vid._n plut_z in_o diss._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d et_fw-fr val_n max._n l._n 8._o c._n 14._o when_o appius_n claudius_n who_o have_v be_v absent_a from_o public_a assair_n through_o extreme_a age_n blindness_n and_o lameness_n for_o many_o year_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o hear_v of_o it_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o house_n and_o brave_o upbraid_v they_o with_o their_o cowardice_n and_o persidiousness_n to_o their_o country_n what_o man_n have_v ever_o such_o appearance_n of_o be_v past_o serve_v the_o public_a or_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o and_o yet_o how_o vigorous_a be_v his_o soul_n in_o so_o decrepit_a a_o body_n one_o will_v think_v the_o genius_n of_o rome_n chase_v out_o from_o the_o degenerate_a senate_n have_v retire_v for_o shelter_n under_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o great_a old_a man._n it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o have_v so_o many_o infirmity_n he_o will_v have_v be_v less_o regard_v but_o the_o fight_n of_o these_o make_v his_o zeal_n surprise_v raise_v their_o attention_n with_o their_o admiration_n and_o give_v every_o word_n a_o peculiar_a force_n to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o courage_n and_o their_o reason_n as_o unanimous_o as_o they_o have_v rebel_v against_o both_o before_o this_o make_v ii_o make_v there_o be_v a_o short_a view_n of_o this_o great_a man_n in_o a_o inserip●…tion_n which_o the_o learned_a agostine_n say_v be_v worth_a a_o treasure_n dial._n 9_o which_o begin_v thus_o appius_n claudius_n c._n f._n caecus_n censor_n cos._n bis_n dict_n interrex_n ii_o his_o infirmity_n number_v in_o after_o age_n among_o his_o trophy_n and_o coecus_n a_o more_o glorious_a distinction_n than_o asiaticus_n africanus_n etc._n etc._n for_o they_o who_o have_v those_o title_n only_o add_v vast_a and_o luxurious_a province_n to_o their_o country_n which_o prove_v the_o destruction_n of_o it_o at_o last_o but_o appius_n conquer_v its_o most_o dreadful_a enemy_n and_o save_v it_o for_o that_o time_n from_o itself_o paolo_n itself_o il_fw-fr senato_n fece_fw-mi three_fw-mi dimande_fw-fr intorno_fw-it un_fw-fr publico_fw-la impor_fw-la tantissimo_fw-la negotio_fw-la vita_fw-la del_fw-it padre_n paolo_n the_o great_a father_n paul_n a_o few_o minute_n before_o his_o death_n after_o he_o have_v be_v long_o weaken_a by_o age_n and_o sickness_n have_v three_o case_n of_o very_a great_a importance_n send_v to_o he_o by_o the_o senate_n of_o venice_n to_o each_o of_o which_o he_o give_v his_o opinion_n and_o that_o wise_a assembly_n follow_v they_o according_o in_o these_o instance_n there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o complication_n of_o calamity_n
she_o will_v assist_v you_o to_o bear_v pain_n be_v always_o most_o acute_a when_o new_a the_o power_n of_o sensation_n be_v blunt_v by_o degree_n by_o their_o object_n press_v too_o violent_o upon_o they_o and_o continual_a labour_n under_o pain_n will_v harden_v the_o sense_n of_o feel_v and_o deaden_a perception_n no_o one_o can_v know_v his_o strength_n unless_o he_o will_v try_v it_o the_o force_n of_o deliberate_a and_o well_o weight_v resolution_n be_v incredible_a and_o have_v support_v the_o weak_a and_o the_o guilty_a in_o the_o most_o dreadful_a torment_n shall_v woman_n be_v able_a to_o suffer_v so_o much_o in_o childbirth_n can_v the_o spartan_a boy_n bear_v whip_v to_o death_n before_o their_o altar_n without_o a_o groan_n nay_o have_v the_o great_a villain_n mock_v their_o executioner_n can_v such_o a_o wretch_n as_o ravillac_n or_o he_o that_o shoot_v one_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n smile_v amid_o all_o the_o artisices_n of_o torture_n and_o shall_v not_o innocence_n and_o virtue_n be_v able_a to_o support_v a_o good_a man_n under_o the_o ordinary_a calamity_n incident_a to_o humane_a nature_n if_o submission_n to_o providence_n perseverance_n in_o duty_n constancy_n and_o patience_n be_v virtue_n when_o be_v these_o to_o be_v practise_v unless_o in_o extremity_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v the_o disease_n be_v incurable_a the_o pain_n be_v without_o intermission_n and_o therefore_o what_o good_a can_v a_o man_n do_v by_o suffer_v on_o but_o only_o expose_v humane_a nature_n and_o render_v it_o contemptible_a not_o at_o all_o but_o rather_o quite_o contrary_a who_o can_v pronounce_v a_o disease_n like_a to_o last_v incurable_a and_o how_o oft_o have_v the_o best_a physician_n be_v deceive_v in_o this_o matter_n and_o as_o to_o intermission_n suppose_v there_o shall_v be_v none_o where_o the_o pain_n be_v intermit_a constancy_n and_o patience_n must_v be_v intermit_a too_o and_o return_v only_o by_o fit_n as_o the_o distemper_n do_v but_o when_o the_o pain_n be_v continual_a virtue_n be_v continual_a also_o and_o yet_o not_o in_o danger_n of_o be_v long_o upon_o duty_n because_o extreme_a continual_a pain_n will_v quick_o dissolve_v nature_n and_o discharge_v the_o soul_n and_o this_o consideration_n may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o support_v a_o man_n under_o such_o circumstance_n without_o diogenes_n dagger_n to_o give_v he_o liberty_n for_o if_o the_o soul_n be_v imprison_v and_o enslave_v when_o in_o a_o torture_a or_o disease_a body_n then_o let_v it_o look_v upon_o every_o pain_n as_o a_o step_n towards_o its_o freedom_n as_o the_o burst_n of_o some_o chain_n or_o the_o fall_n off_o of_o some_o fetter_n and_o as_o every_o limb_n grow_v weak_a and_o every_o sense_n decay_v let_v it_o collect_v its_o source_n cheerful_o and_o rejoice_v at_o these_o happy_a beginning_n of_o la●…ful_a and_o eternal_a liberty_n and_o as_o to_o 〈◊〉_d this_o be_v not_o worth_a consideration_n in_o comparison_n of_o one_o duty_n yet_o a_o good_a man_n need_v not_o fear_v it_o he_o will_v rather_o do_v credit_n to_o humane_a nature_n than_o expose_v it_o by_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seneca_n say_v he_o will_v not_o leave_v his_o body_n but_o when_o it_o begin_v to_o assect_v his_o mind_n and_o then_o he_o well_o jump_v out_o of_o it_o 〈◊〉_d from_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ●…ouse_n this_o be_v a_o very_a low_a thought_n and_o will_v not_o be_v pardonable_a but_o that_o he_o make_v some_o amends_o for_o it_o in_o another_o place_n helviam_fw-la place_n de_fw-fr consol._n ad_fw-la helviam_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o he_o who_o be_v great_a before_o he_o fall_v be_v not_o the_o less_o great_a for_o be_v fall_v but_o be_v as_o far_o from_o contempt_n as_o the_o ruin_n of_o temple_n be_v which_o the_o religious_a adore_v as_o much_o as_o when_o they_o be_v stand_v though_o holy_a temple_n yield_v to_o time_n yet_o they_o can_v crush_v the_o god_n that_o be_v worship_v in_o they_o by_o their_o fall_n no_o more_o can_v a_o decay_a body_n oppress_v a_o upright_a mind_n and_o while_o the_o mind_n be_v not_o oppress_v it_o can_v be_v contemptible_a there_o be_v a_o beauty_n in_o constancy_n and_o fortitude_n which_o shine_v through_o all_o the_o deformity_n of_o death_n for_o at_o such_o time_n it_o be_v not_o the_o body_n but_o the_o soul_n that_o be_v to_o be_v regard_v and_o therefore_o what_o if_o the_o body_n be_v pale_a weak_a and_o waste_v away_o yet_o if_o the_o mind_n continue_v the_o same_o unshaken_a and_o undaunted_a all_o the_o sign_n of_o outward_a decay_n be_v but_o the_o mark_n of_o inward_a virtue_n the_o trophy_n of_o the_o soul_n strength_n and_o victory_n and_o more_o proper_a to_o cause_v admiration_n than_o contempt_n which_o of_o scaevola_n arm_n will_v a_o ancient_a roman_a have_v reckon_v most_o comely_a that_o which_o be_v shrivel_a up_o lame_a and_o deform_a with_o scar_n or_o that_o which_o be_v whole_a and_o strong_a sure_o brawny_a limb_n and_o a_o good_a complexion_n be_v not_o essential_a to_o virtue_n nay_o even_o the_o last_o minute_n of_o a_o great_a man_n shall_v be_v beneficial_a the_o very_a sight_n of_o his_o calamity_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o instruction_n so_o that_o while_o he_o have_v breath_n he_o shall_v never_o be_v past_o do_v good_a all_o the_o excellent_a modern_a building_n of_o italy_n if_o i_o may_v use_v this_o allusion_n once_o more_o be_v owe_v to_o a_o few_o remain_v of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a structure_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o injury_n of_o many_o year_n and_o many_o devastation_n retain_v still_o some_o thing_n of_o their_o former_a beauty_n and_o magnisicence_n the_o same_o use_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o decay_n of_o great_a man_n in_o extreme_a age_n or_o pain_n or_o sickness_n they_o be_v not_o indeed_o what_o they_o be_v but_o still_o they_o be_v more_o than_o other_o be_v what_o be_v leave_v be_v regular_a and_o great_a and_o sufficient_a to_o form_v in_o we_o a_o idea_n of_o what_o be_v lose_v and_o to_o teach_v we_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n to_o improve_v ourselves_o according_o but_o a_o great_a and_o good_a man_n example_n be_v as_o necessary_a in_o death_n as_o life_n we_o be_v to_o study_v as_o much_o how_o to_o die_v as_o how_o to_o live_v where_o then_o can_v we_o receive_v so_o much_o instruction_n for_o this_o purpose_n as_o in_o the_o death_n of_o such_o man_n and_o if_o so_o when_o can_v they_o be_v ever_o past_o do_v good_a but_o i_o will_v not_o insist_v far_o upon_o this_o let_v the_o stoic_n who_o be_v the_o great_a defender_n of_o self-murder_n be_v judge_n in_o this_o matter_n if_o we_o look_v into_o their_o write_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o inculcate_v continual_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o body_n can_v never_o have_v any_o influence_n upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o their_o wise_a man_n be_v above_o the_o take_a notice_n of_o any_o outward_a evil_n that_o he_o be_v at_o perfect_a ease_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o torture_n nay_o they_o reckon_v it_o no_o less_o than_o a_o crime_n to_o own_o the_o least_o sense_n of_o pain_n and_o indeed_o grant_v more_o in_o that_o respect_n than_o we_o desire_v and_o yet_o after_o all_o make_v pain_n by_o a_o strange_a contradiction_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a cause_n of_o self-murder_n 〈◊〉_d the_o next_o thing_n which_o i_o propose_v to_o speak_v to_o be_v whether_o any_o man_n upon_o account_n of_o extreme_a a●…iction_n especial_o pain_n or_o sickness_n have_v liberty_n or_o authority_n to_o destroy_v himself_o not_o only_o the_o stoic_n heretofore_o but_o some_o other_o since_o have_v be_v incline_v to_o think_v that_o he_o have_v thus_o one_o tell_v we_o 3._o we_o mont._n lib._n 2._o chap._n 3._o god_n give_v we_o leave_v enough_o to_o part_v with_o life_n when_o he_o be_v please_v to_o reduce_v we_o to_o such_o a_o condition_n that_o to_o live_v be_v far_o worse_a than_o to_o die_v the_o rule_n which_o be_v here_o give_v whereby_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v when_o we_o have_v this_o leave_n be_v when_o god_n be_v please_v to_o reduce_v we_o to_o such_o a_o condition_n that_o to_o live_v be_v far_o worse_a than_o to_o die_v but_o this_o will_v be_v find_v very_o insussicient_a to_o this_o purpose_n if_o we_o examine_v the_o particular_n it_o suppose_v these_o two_o thing_n 1._o that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o condition_n of_o life_n far_o worse_o than_o death_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v god_n that_o reduce_v the_o sufferer_n to_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o to_o the_o first_o before_o we_o can_v compare_v thing_n right_o we_o must_v understand_v exact_o the_o term_n by_o which_o they_o be_v represent_v life_n as_o humane_a imply_v the_o union_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n death_n be_v the_o dissolution_n of_o that_o union_n the_o condition_n of_o life_n which_o be_v suppose_v here_o