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very_o little_a for_o it_o be_v learn_v man_n who_o start_v difficulty_n and_o manage_v dispute_n and_o be_v the_o author_n and_o patron_n of_o heresy_n and_o if_o these_o learned_a man_n who_o may_v and_o must_v judge_v for_o themselves_o differ_v from_o each_o other_o and_o from_o the_o judge_n of_o controversy_n what_o remedy_n be_v there_o nay_o if_o learned_a man_n must_v judge_v for_o themselves_o according_a to_o the_o evidence_n they_o have_v of_o thing_n and_o not_o be_v overrule_v by_o authority_n without_o evidence_n there_o can_v be_v no_o visible_a judge_n of_o controversy_n for_o a_o authority_n which_o may_v be_v contradict_v as_o it_o may_v be_v if_o learned_a man_n must_v judge_v for_o themselves_o can_v be_v no_o authority_n either_o with_o the_o learned_a or_o unlearned_a for_o the_o unlearned_a will_v have_v no_o great_a reverence_n for_o that_o authority_n which_o
the_o protestant_a religion_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o christian_a religion_n purge_v from_o the_o corruption_n and_o innovation_n of_o popery_n now_o it_o will_v be_v very_o pleasant_a to_o hear_v a_o popish_a priest_n in_o a_o dispute_n with_o turk_n or_o pagan_n about_o christianity_n urge_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o visible_a judge_n of_o controversy_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o instruct_v a_o infidel_n who_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o own_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o judge_n what_o christian_a religion_n be_v and_o to_o convince_v he_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o but_o by_o reason_n and_o scripture_n either_o this_o be_v a_o good_a way_n or_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a foundation_n for_o christianity_n and_o let_v any_o man_n show_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o christian_n may_v not_o understand_v their_o religion_n the_o same_o way_n that_o heathen_n must_v be_v teach_v it_o this_o be_v the_o way_n which_o christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n take_v with_o 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resurrection_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o doctrine_n which_o he_o preach_v and_o those_o who_o will_v not_o believe_v mere_o for_o the_o miracle_n sake_n be_v convince_v by_o reason_n and_o argument_n for_o thus_o st._n paul_n dispute_v with_o the_o philosopher_n at_o athens_n as_o well_o as_o with_o the_o jew_n and_o thus_o the_o primitive_a doctor_n deal_v with_o the_o infidel_n in_o their_o day_n as_o we_o learn_v from_o those_o many_o excellent_a apology_n they_o write_v in_o defence_n of_o christianity_n but_o then_o those_o who_o do_v believe_v at_o first_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o miracle_n be_v particular_o instruct_v in_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n out_o of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o prophet_n which_o though_o they_o be_v original_o give_v to_o the_o jew_n yet_o be_v the_o venerable_a record_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n to_o which_o the_o apostle_n have_v recourse_n in_o expound_v the_o christian_a doctrine_n thus_o christianity_n be_v teach_v at_o first_o and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o a_o solid_a foundation_n the_o christian_a faith_n have_v none_o neither_o christ_n nor_o his_o apostle_n though_o they_o be_v infallible_a make_v their_o own_o infallibility_n the_o only_a reason_n of_o man_n faith_n but_o refer_v they_o to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o prophet_n which_o they_o expound_v to_o the_o conviction_n of_o all_o honest_a and_o teachable_a mind_n and_o if_o they_o will_v not_o believe_v upon_o these_o term_n they_o must_v continue_v infidel_n and_o that_o this_o way_n of_o resolve_v faith_n into_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o visible_a judge_n be_v not_o know_v in_o the_o christian_a church_n even_o in_o the_o apostle_n day_n and_o yet_o methinks_v st._n peter_n authority_n if_o he_o have_v any_o such_o authority_n shall_v have_v be_v better_o know_v in_o those_o day_n than_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n of_o time_n be_v evident_a from_o those_o early_a heresy_n which_o spring_v up_o in_o the_o church_n for_o let_v any_o reasonable_a man_n tell_v i_o how_o it_o be_v possible_a there_o ever_o shall_v have_v be_v any_o heresy_n in_o the_o church_n if_o all_o christian_n have_v receive_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o infallible_a judge_n together_o with_o their_o christianity_n man_n may_v have_v renounce_v christianity_n and_o the_o visible_a judge_n together_o but_o have_v they_o then_o acknowledge_v a_o visible_a judge_n it_o have_v be_v a_o contradiction_n to_o pretend_v to_o the_o name_n of_o christian_n and_o to_o oppose_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o infallible_a chair_n have_v there_o be_v a_o visible_a judge_n of_o controversy_n in_o the_o apostle_n day_n know_v to_o all_o christian_n it_o have_v be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v ever_o have_v be_v any_o heresy_n in_o the_o church_n as_o those_o man_n must_v grant_v who_o think_v it_o necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o visible_a judge_n to_o make_v all_o man_n of_o a_o mind_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o rise_n and_o growth_n of_o heresy_n which_o must_v suppose_v that_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o visible_a judge_n will_v do_v this_o or_o else_o this_o argument_n can_v prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o a_o visible_a judge_n if_o then_o the_o appointment_n of_o a_o visible_a judge_n will_v certain_o prevent_v all_o heresy_n and_o yet_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o christianity_n there_o have_v be_v heresy_n in_o the_o church_n this_o be_v a_o demonstration_n there_o be_v no_o visible_a judge_n in_o those_o day_n well_o but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o visible_a judge_n of_o controversy_n how_o shall_v we_o arrive_v at_o any_o certainty_n in_o our_o religion_n for_o the_o scripture_n be_v to_o a_o demonstration_n not_o plain_a even_o in_o what_o we_o dare_v not_o disow_v to_o be_v fundamental_o as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o trinity_n now_o 1._o suppose_v there_o be_v some_o difficult_a passage_n in_o scripture_n which_o be_v not_o obvious_a to_o every_o common_a understanding_n can_v we_o not_o therefore_o understand_v what_o be_v plain_a because_o something_n be_v difficult_a can_v any_o thing_n be_v plain_a than_o the_o first_o and_o second_o commandment_n not_o to_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o any_o be_v but_o the_o supreme_a god_n and_o not_o to_o worship_n god_n by_o image_n and_o picture_n can_v any_o thing_n be_v plain_a than_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n in_o both_o kind_n than_o st._n paul_n discourse_n against_o prayer_n in_o a_o unknown_a tongue_n can_v any_o thing_n be_v plain_a than_o what_o be_v evident_a to_o our_o very_a sense_n that_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v not_o transubstantiate_v into_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n man_n who_o will_v believe_v contrary_a to_o the_o plain_a word_n of_o scripture_n contrary_a to_o the_o evidence_n of_o sense_n and_o reason_n which_o certain_o ought_v to_o be_v consult_v in_o expound_v scripture_n who_o will_v prove_v that_o to_o be_v in_o scripture_n which_o be_v not_o in_o it_o or_o that_o not_o to_o be_v in_o scripture_n which_o be_v there_o have_v some_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o scripture_n for_o the_o scripture_n be_v never_o write_v to_o prove_v what_o they_o will_v have_v prove_v but_o yet_o they_o may_v be_v very_o plain_a to_o man_n who_o only_o inquire_v what_o the_o scripture_n teach_v without_o force_v such_o sense_n upon_o it_o as_o it_o do_v not_o teach_v those_o who_o will_v prove_v that_o from_o scripture_n which_o be_v not_o in_o it_o to_o be_v sure_o must_v prove_v it_o very_o obscure_o and_o then_o to_o excuse_v the_o obscurity_n of_o their_o exposition_n charge_v the_o scripture_n with_o obscurity_n though_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o equal_o plain_a in_o scripture_n yet_o all_o man_n may_v understand_v what_o be_v plain_a and_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a perverseness_n to_o say_v nothing_o be_v plain_a in_o scripture_n because_o some_o thing_n be_v not_o plain_a or_o that_o we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o the_o sense_n of_o plain_a text_n because_o there_o be_v some_o obscure_a text_n second_o i_o do_v affirm_v that_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v believe_v be_v plain_a in_o scripture_n for_o else_o how_o shall_v we_o know_v that_o we_o must_v believe_v it_o or_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n but_o then_o by_o plain_a i_o do_v not_o mean_v that_o it_o be_v plain_a to_o every_o man_n and_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a to_o man_n who_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o have_v skill_n and_o ability_n to_o do_v it_o and_o may_v be_v make_v plain_a to_o every_o man_n who_o have_v the_o common_a understanding_n of_o a_o man_n without_o any_o bias_n and_o interest_n who_o will_v attend_v to_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o learned_a and_o this_o be_v reason_n enough_o to_o call_v it_o plain_a if_o learned_a man_n by_o study_n and_o industry_n can_v understand_v it_o and_o if_o the_o unlearned_a may_v
nou._n 15._o 1686._o imprimatur_fw-la jo._n batte_o a_o discourse_n concern_v a_o judge_n of_o controversy_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n be_v a_o answer_n to_o some_o paper_n assert_v the_o necessity_n of_o such_o a_o judge_n with_o a_o address_n to_o waver_a protestant_n show_v what_o little_a reason_n they_o have_v to_o think_v of_o any_o change_n of_o their_o religion_n write_a for_o the_o private_a satisfaction_n of_o some_o scrupulous_a person_n and_o now_o publish_v for_o common_a use._n with_o a_o preface_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o certainty_n and_o infallibility_n london_n print_v for_o robert_n clavell_n at_o the_o peacock_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1686._o the_o preface_n when_o i_o first_o undertake_v to_o answer_v these_o paper_n i_o little_o think_v of_o write_v a_o book_n but_o when_o it_o be_v write_v i_o be_v more_o easy_o persuade_v to_o make_v it_o public_a for_o such_o kind_n of_o objection_n as_o these_o our_o people_n be_v daily_o assault_v with_o and_o our_o minister_n daily_o trouble_v to_o answer_v and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o both_o to_o print_v such_o a_o plain_a discourse_n as_o this_o which_o whatever_a defect_n it_o may_v have_v i_o be_o pretty_a confident_a do_v sufficient_o expose_v the_o weakness_n and_o sophistry_n of_o such_o argument_n the_o truth_n be_v this_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v make_v a_o dispute_n and_o the_o fundamental_a miscarriage_n be_v that_o our_o people_n be_v not_o teach_v or_o will_v not_o learn_v to_o reject_v such_o captious_a question_n as_o tend_v only_o to_o sceptism_n and_o deserve_v not_o to_o be_v confute_v which_o i_o think_v i_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o say_v now_o i_o have_v confute_v they_o and_o to_o show_v the_o reason_n i_o have_v to_o say_v so_o shall_v be_v the_o subject_n of_o this_o preface_n it_o be_v think_v and_o certain_o it_o be_v so_o the_o most_o compendious_a way_n to_o reduce_v protestant_n to_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o persuade_v they_o that_o they_o can_v have_v no_o certainty_n of_o their_o religion_n without_o a_o infallible_a judge_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o infallibility_n but_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n now_o can_v they_o prove_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v infallible_a this_o indeed_o will_v be_v a_o irresistible_a reason_n to_o return_v to_o her_o communion_n but_o this_o they_o say_v little_a of_o nowadays_o this_o they_o will_v glad_o have_v we_o take_v for_o grant_v especial_o if_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o certainty_n without_o a_o infallible_a judge_n and_o therefore_o this_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o to_o run_v down_o protestant_n certainty_n and_o first_o to_o make_v man_n sceptic_n in_o religion_n and_o then_o to_o settle_v they_o upon_o infallibility_n now_o the_o way_n they_o take_v to_o do_v this_o be_v not_o by_o show_v that_o the_o reason_n on_o which_o protestant_n build_v their_o faith_n either_o of_o christianity_n in_o general_n or_o of_o those_o particular_a doctrine_n which_o they_o profess_v be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o found_v a_o rational_a certainty_n on_o for_o this_o will_v engage_v they_o in_o particular_a dispute_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n they_o as_o industrious_o avoid_v as_o if_o they_o be_v afraid_a of_o it_o but_o instead_o of_o this_o they_o declaim_v in_o general_a about_o the_o nature_n of_o certainty_n ask_v we_o how_o we_o know_v that_o we_o be_v certain_a if_o we_o rely_v upon_o reason_n other_o man_n do_v not_o reason_n as_o we_o do_v and_o yet_o think_v their_o reason_n as_o good_a as_o we_o if_o on_o scripture_n we_o see_v how_o many_o different_a and_o contrary_a exposition_n there_o be_v of_o scripture_n and_o how_o can_v we_o be_v certain_a than_o that_o we_o only_o be_v in_o the_o right_n when_o other_o man_n be_v as_o confident_a and_o as_o full_o persuade_v as_o we_o now_o all_o this_o be_v palpable_a sophistry_n and_o no_o other_o direct_a answer_n can_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v give_v to_o it_o but_o to_o let_v they_o know_v that_o after_o all_o they_o can_v say_v we_o find_v ourselves_o very_o certain_a and_o that_o their_o attempt_n to_o prove_v we_o u._fw-mi certain_a without_o confute_v the_o reason_n of_o our_o certainty_n be_v very_o fallacious_a 1._o as_o for_o the_o first_o whether_o i_o be_o certain_a or_o not_o no_o body_n can_v tell_v but_o myself_o for_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o sense_n as_o sight_n and_o hear_v be_v and_o they_o may_v as_o well_o ask_v i_o how_o i_o know_v that_o i_o see_v and_o hear_v as_o how_o i_o know_v that_o i_o be_o certain_a i_o feel_v that_o i_o be_o so_o and_o that_o be_v answer_n enough_o 2._o and_o therefore_o when_o they_o ask_v i_o how_o i_o know_v that_o i_o be_o certain_a if_o this_o question_n have_v any_o sense_n in_o it_o it_o must_v signify_v on_o what_o reason_n i_o find_v my_o certainty_n for_o nothing_o can_v create_v certainty_n in_o the_o mind_n but_o that_o reason_n and_o evidence_n which_o we_o have_v of_o thing_n as_o we_o can_v see_v with_o nothing_o but_o light_n now_o if_o certainty_n result_v only_o from_o the_o reason_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o expect_v any_o other_o answer_n to_o that_o question_n how_o i_o be_o certain_a than_o my_o give_v the_o reason_n of_o my_o faith_n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n of_o certainty_n than_o those_o particular_a reason_n for_o which_o i_o believe_v any_o thing_n and_o this_o of_o necessity_n bring_v the_o controversy_n to_o particular_n there_o be_v no_o one_o reason_n of_o my_o certainty_n because_o the_o same_o reason_n will_v not_o serve_v for_o all_o thing_n and_o therefore_o before_o i_o can_v give_v they_o my_o reason_n i_o must_v know_v what_o they_o require_v a_o reason_n of_o and_o then_o i_o will_v give_v it_o they_o and_o thus_o we_o be_v just_a where_o we_o be_v and_o if_o they_o will_v prove_v that_o we_o have_v no_o certainty_n they_o must_v confute_v all_o the_o reason_n of_o our_o faith_n and_o dispute_v over_o all_o the_o controversy_n between_o we_o a_o task_n which_o they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o undertake_v and_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n to_o prove_v the_o faith_n of_o protestant_n uncertain_a but_o by_o prove_v that_o they_o have_v no_o certain_a reason_n of_o their_o faith_n yes_o you_o will_v say_v it_o be_v proof_n enough_o that_o we_o can_v be_v certain_a because_o we_o every_o day_n find_v so_o many_o confident_a man_n mistake_v who_o yet_o think_v themselves_o as_o certain_a as_o we_o do_v and_o therefore_o we_o may_v be_v mistake_v notwithstanding_o all_o our_o assurance_n and_o confidence_n that_o we_o be_v not_o now_o this_o indeed_o will_v be_v a_o unanswerable_a argument_n do_v we_o find_v our_o certainty_n upon_o the_o mere_a strength_n and_o confidence_n of_o persuasion_n for_o man_n may_v be_v very_o confident_a because_o they_o be_v ignorant_a and_o we_o ready_o grant_v that_o a_o ignorant_a confidence_n 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