the Vital would anihilate the Annimal spirit but since there is assigned a peculiar royal organ the Brain to its preparation and elaboration and it is inservient to those noble uses which the Vital cannot enterprise for a member though hountifully perfused and vivified by the vital yet destitute of the influx of the Animal spirits suffers abolishment of sence and motion as in the Apoplexy Palsey and stupor we cannot but discover we have reason to acknowledge not only its existence but soveraignty and determine it to be the immediate instrument of sense and motion generated of the purer vital spirit translated by the Carotides and neck arteries first into the basis then into the substance of the brain and of the aire inspired by the Nostrills To the organical parts is required their peculiar singular constitution Partss Organice which is a fit composure and connexion of the homogeneous parts into one form convenient to the performance of their proper actions And to this composition conspire 1. a definit number of the parts component 2. a just magnitude 3. a decent conformation which includes 1. a comely Figure or exact proportion 2. the cavities and sluces 3. a superficies smooth or rough according as the nature of the part requires 4. the situation 5. the connexion with other parts Thus far our pen has ranged in the blunt declarement of generals that is of things common to all parts and necessary to all actions in the body our Clue of method will henceforward conduct us into sharper angles and the precise though brief enumeration of the particular parts by which and in what manner the particular functions discharge their duties CHAP. IV. Of Nutrition ANd since Facultas Vegetativa by the Law of Nature it is ordained Guardian paramont of our minority and obtaines situation as in the lowest region of our body so also at a neerer distance to our knowledge we should invert the method of Life Anatomy and Reason not to assigne the Van of our succeeding lines to the vegetative faculty Under this are comprehended the subservient faculties 1. Neutritive 2. Augmentative 3. Generative And first concerning Nutrition and Augmentation Since these mutations arise from the extraneous accession of Aliment and that at first application is heterogeneous and alien to our substance that it may be elaborated and subdued to a qualification analogous and an aptitude for assimilation it must first suffer the impressions of many concoctions And this concoction is 1. private Conoctio which is made in every singular part 2. Publick which is ordained for the common use of the whole body and is chiefly performed in the stomack and spleen The first digestion therefore is made in the ventricle or stomack Appetitus which for this reason is endued with a twofold appetite 1. Natural 1. Naturalis whereby it is provoked to the acquisition of aliment 2. Animalis sufficient for it selfe 2. Animal which excites and stimulates it to the affection and admission of provision for the supportment of the whole body and instauration of the threefold substance which the uncessant activity of our native chymistry devours For when man Manducatio to lenifie the sharp vellication and silence the convulsive importunity of hunger receives in food the first preparation or alteration of it is made in the mouth for there it undergoes manducation fraction or contrition by the teeth which for this reason though they concur to the formation of speech also are given to man to the number in most practical constitutions of thirty two in each jaw sixteen some whereof are called incisores Cutters Dentes others canini dogs teeth and the remnant Molares grinders the cutters or fore-teeth are foure in each jaw the Canine two the grinders ten Moreover the meat is altered by the permistion of the salivous humidity contained in and by the heat of the mouth and being thus bruised and masticated it is immediately by the auxiliary motion of the tongue detruded by the then gaping throat into the stomach Deglutio This thus prepared the stomach by the ministerial Contraction of oblique Fibers welcomes with close embracement and coarctation and firmly retains until by its concoctive faculty and proper heat Chylificatio it be transformed into a masse or consistence not much unlike the cream of a decoction of blanched barly which is called the Chylus The Chylus thus exquisirely Crooked is by the Pylorus Janitor or inferior orifice of the stomach discharged into the intestines or guts and by their immutative action attaines one degree more of elaboration and fermentation The intestins are double or rather of two sorts 1. Thin Inteflina which are three viz. 1. Duodenum dodek adaktylon or gut of twelve fingers length though in the minorated dwarfish race of man in our sickly age it be found far short of that measure then Jejunum or empty thirdly the Ileon or circumgyrated gut 2. Crass or thick which are three also First the Caecum or blind Secondly the Colon or Collick Thirdly the Rectum or straight gut But since no meat Excrementa primae Coction though the purest can be all converted into aliment but yeelds some dregs and excrementitious residence altogether uselesse to the nourishment of the body Choice nature like a subtle Chymist in this first as in both the other concoctions extracts the benign and wholesome parts but rejects the unprofitable and faeculent viz. the thinner and lixivious by urine the grosser and terren by stool The exclusion of the faeces is done Exclusio Faecum alvi partly by the intestines in their superiour parts contracting and coangustating themselves by the circular and transverse Fibres wherewith both their inward and outward coats are furnished and partly by the mutual aid of the Muscles of the Abdomen by which the belly is compressed The thinner aquosity or tartareous lixivium Vina materia is not presently excerned but incorporated with the Chylus becomes the vehicle to it whereby thinned and diluted it may with the more ease and lesse danger of obstruction permeate or glide through the narrow veines of the mesentery and liver The first concoction thus absolved or finished Cococtio the Chylus is by the vermicular exuction of the lacteous or milky slender veines which in infinite number are with open orifices inserted into the intestines attracted predisposed to sanguification and per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by distribution convey'd to the Liver But that the milky liquor may arrive at the Liver Lie nis Vsus the more pure defecated in its journey thither the Crass and faeculent part together with the lixiviated serosity is extracted by and by the splenie branch derived into the spleen which converts it that is so much of it as the spleens Haematopoietick power can conquer and the refractory matter submit unto into blood for the maintenance of it self and the other vulgar
virtuall and medicinal sense by which the great Physician of the world was pleased to restore sight to the blind strength and activity to the lame hearing to the deaf to extinguish the feaver of Peters Mother-law stop the inveterate issue of his Haemorrhoidal Patient unlock the gates of death and reduce the Widowes Son from the total privation back to the perfect habit of life Concerning this sense there are no mean controversies among Philosophers and the first enquirie is An tactus sit unus numero sensus An tactus unus numero sensus sit Whether there be only one single power of touching as there is one faculty of seeing a second of hearing a third of smelling a fourth of tasting or many distinct powers Aristotle moves this query Lib. de Anima cap. 2. and subjoynes this reason of his dubitation Vnus sensus est unius primae contrarietatis c. One single sense hath but one proper object to which all that it perceives may be referred But the touch seemes not to have one common object but many for it judgeth hot and cold dry and moist heavy and light hard and soft rough and smooth thick and thin c. which are not reducible to any one common Genus and the same reason according to which they are qualified for the perception of the touch And by the treachery of this ignis fatuus the facilitie of some who were far on their journey toward Athens hath been seduced so wide off the tract of truth as to fall upon the absurd belief Plures esse Tactus that there is a plurality of touching Faculties and of these some make two one for the discernment of calidity and frigidity another for the dignotion of humidity and siccity others superadd a third for the perception of gravity and levity a third sect determines that there are as many distinct powers of touching as there are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 differences and contrarieties of tangibles a fourth hath yet multiplied their number and superaded others to the sensation of pain and pleasure delectation venery hunger and thirst On the contrary many conclude on the singularity of the touch which although it comprehend objects in number numerous and in nature various and repugnant yet doth apprehend them all under one common reason and determinate qualification after the same manner that the sight discerns white black red yellow green and all sub communi colori coloris ratione Although we confesse our judgment below the decision of this high dispute and that many great Clerks have determined of nothing but the immpossibility of its determination yet probability invites us to this latter opinion unam esse tangendi potentiam For although there be a certain 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or materiall immutation in the Organ preambulous to Taction and this alteration is various and different according to the variety and difference of tangibles yet from this the unity of the Touch is not aestimated but only from the spirituall alteration since it is proper to every sense to receive not the substantiall but intentionall formes of its proper object And this spirituall alteration which is the same in all the contrarieties of the tangible objects constitutes one individuall sense otherwaies we may find no lesse varietie in any of the other senses Neither shall we need to grant a plurality of Touches for pain and pleasure since pain and pleasure are not perceived and distinguished by the Touch but the objects of those passions The other greyheaded contention devolved from great antiquity to the present Organum tactus and not unlikely to descend to the bottom of future times is concerning the instrument of this sense some concluding for the Flesh others the Skin and most the Nerves how lame and inconsistent with the integrity of truth each of these opinions is our succeeding lines will attempt to declare Adaequatum est Membrane Since every sense hath its peculiar Organ without which the facultie must remain uselesse and unactive and this Organ is by the provident law of constitution and praedisposition subject to the admission of that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or affection which the object shall impose or impresse on it and that part is to be accounted the Organ which is manifestly affected and altered by the object we suppose the induction good if applyed to the touch that in all members which discern tactile qualities there is the instrument of touching and that part which in every place of the body is affected and changed by tactile qualities is the Organ of touching And since the touch resides in no part which is not furnished with a membrane and ècontra wheresoever any membrane is there is the sense of touching also we conclude that the Heart Membranes are the true prime and adaequate Organs of the Touch and that all parts receive their sensibilitie from them Some have endeavoured the subversion of this opinion but with vain and inconsiderable objections Non Caro. for what they urge that the Flesh is endowed with the sense of feeling is manifestly false For the Flesh feels not per se or by any sensible power inhaerent to it selfe but as it is furnished with Nervous or Membranous Fibres which are bestowed on the substance of the Muscles But the Flesh of the viscera and glandules whose substance is unprovided of Fibres is wholly devoid of sensibility And although Galen teach us Nee Necuus Lib. de placit 7. Cap. 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that every part furnished with a Nerve enjoys the sense of feeling yet are we to allow his Axiom tru ōly in a qualified sense that is quatenus ipsi nervi membranosi sunt as the nerves themselves are membranous and disseminate their fibrous surcles and capillary productions on the parts Otherwise if we consider the Nerves in sensu diviso in the naked simplicitie of their own natures as they are strictly and properly nerves they are not the proper instrument of touching but Canales or conduits inservient to the distribution and transvection of the Animall spirits into all parts of the body in which respect they are officiall to the touch no more then to the rest of the senses But that qualification and endowment of sensibility they possesse they borrow from the membranes wherewith they are invested as ordinary observation of wounds of the Nerves especially the greater ones wil inform us for the meduallary substance may be handled and drawn forth of the wound without any pain at all but if the coat or membrane be but touched most exquisite and invincibletorments immediately ensue Concerning the skin Cutis est instrumentum tactus praecipuum sed non adaequatum we grant it to be the common integument of the body whose principal and publick action is esse tactus instrumentum ad subjectarum partium tutelam to be the instrument of Touching and discern external injurious instruments that invade the body and we beleeve that Galen said very truely Cutem maxime quae est in manu omnium sensibilium normam esse tactus instrumentum prudentissimo Animali proprium qua ut communi instrumento adres tangendas apprehendendas omnium qualitatum tangibilium differentiae melius quam ulla alia corporis parte dignoscuntur Yet we cannot concede it to be unicum et adaequatum tactus Organum the only and adaequate instrument of touching but since other parts could not want this sense for the avoidance of destructive and noxious objects nature hath been far more bountifull and diffused it into the most retired parts and for this reason the Membranes are dispersed through all the body and by their mediation the sense of touching which in many of the internal parts is most exquisite and acute The collection of all is that the praecipuous Organ of the touch is the skin chiefly that part wherewith the hands are lined as destined to the common apprehension of all things tangible but the adaequate are the membranes by the benefit whereof all other parts the skin excepted obtain the sense of Feeling FINIS
appetite shal be sated and can perform its actions without the instruments or organs of the body This of the Soul in her relation to the body The disquisition of its nature as it is principium operationum Anima immista 1. ab objecto the efficient of all actions succeeds To the description of it in this sence the words of Aristotle Lib. 3. de anima Anima rationalis est 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 immista approach very near But the soul must be granted simple pure immaterial and unmixt in a double respect 1. ab objectis that its essence might not participate with the essence of objects but be indued only withpower to receive them For since the businesse of the soul is the comprehension and knowledg of objects and this can beperformed only by reception it is a necessary illation that its essence must be simple pure and unmixt with the essence of objects For nothing without an affront to reason can be said to receive that which is its own already by essence intus existens prohibet alienum And this immistion is common to the rational soul with the senses also For they in like manner contain not their objects in themselves but have only a Capacity of receiving them in but here 's the difference the senses are free and unmixt only secundum quid and from one single species of Ens for example the Sight is free only from Colours for their businesse is not about a plurality of Entities but the rational soul is absolutely free from essence of all other things as being by the institution of God directed to the reception and admission of all created Natures Again 2. Immista ab Organo the fational soul is by a peculiar manner 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 immista ab organo nec cum eqpermista Free and inorganical when it operats in acts intelligential or voluntary and performs its actions without the bodies assistance For since to the performing those actions which are done in and by the body there is a peculiar harmonious temper of qualities for every particular reception expects a distinct exact preparation and disposition and by consequence an equally tempered Organ of the same constitution required and since each distinct part of the human body hath a proper and distinct temper but the rational soul is neither as it is in it selfe obliged to any certain definite constitution or composition of first qualities nor affected by them nor can there in the body be found any adaequate and proper Organ for it we must confesse that the soul in the dispatch of her businesse hath no dependance on the body but is immaterial and inorganical From this third immission of the soul we have a cleer prospect towards her operations For since she in Agendo is not obliged to the body and that the actions of the body communicate nothing with the actions of the mind it results a familiar truth that the understanding and will are powers inorganical and do Agere of themselves so that to understand and to will are the proper actions of the mind nor doth the mind understand by the body or any instrument of it as by a Medium necessary Indeed she is beholding to the Imagination for while she remaines immured in this darke Monastery the body shee never understands without the assistance of the Phantasie Aristot Lib. 3. de Anima cap. 7. yet not as Organon but as Objectum For it is necessary that intelligibles be conveyed to the reason by the sense Wherefore if any shall positively assert that the actions of the minde are Organicall and that the Rationall Soule doth make use of the subservient ministry of the Braine and Animal spirit and senses as her Corporeall instruments We dare admit it onely in the subsequent sence That the Soule while shee sojournes in the result of dust and ashes doth not understand without the operations of the Organs of the body praeceding her owne operations or that in her second and subordinate actions she becomes instrumentall Hinc sagacissimus Romani Imperij reip stoicae sui ipsius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mare Ant. lib. 10. cap. 1. Exclamat Ah! quando veniet illud tempus ô anima cum bena simplex unica nuda corpore denique tibi circumjecto magis conspicua eris cum gustabis perfecti amoris affectum plend eris nullius indigens nibil defiderans neque animati neque inanimati ad fruitiones veluptatum c. l. 1. n. 10. Ex versione Merie Casaubon and uses the assistance of the Braine and Animall Spirits but not in the least measure when shee operates perse and is undisturbedly imploy'd about her pure intelligence and pure will for then her sublimer conceptions and intellection tower in an immaterial Sphere superior to that wherein the duller mediation of Organs confines her and is her self the subject of her owne speculation and intelligence and will Which last act is by a new yet convenient notion called Volition Scaliger Exercit. 307. sect 3. 9. And although the understanding Faculty doth suffer depravation in diseases of the braine yet that depends on no other reason then that the subordinate and subministring Faculties which are Organicall and interessed in the Constitution of the braine are injured Moreover though the Human Soule be plentifully furnished with all the Attributes of the Vegetative and sensible Soule yet she is enriched with two other diviner Faculties whereby she transcends in excellence all other vegetable and sensitive creatures 1. Intellectus the Intellect whereby wee conceive and know 2. the will 2. Voluntas which inclines us to those things which in the judgement of our reason are good The sence of this dictated to Hermes Trismegistus this sentence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Homo brutis mundo praestat ratione mente The difference of these two facultiesis manifest for it is one thing to know and another to desire the things known Further these two operate diversly the fourmer Patiendo and by admission of the species so that they may be intromitted to the mind the latter Agendo and by prosecution so that the mind may be by extramission advanced towards the object Again the diverfity of their objects discerns the power of knowing from the power of Volition for we know things quatenus entia but we desire them quatenus bona This by strong inference makes good that the intellect is not ranked with yet hath a power spiritually to admit and comprehend all other actual Entities Aristotle possessed with an apprehension that in the mind of man beside that which hath a power to be made all things viz. by intelligence and supplies the place of matter there is also something else discharging the office of Form which hath power to make all things viz. actually intelligible differenceth the intellect into 1 Active and 2 Passive But to determine what this Intellectus Agens is hath afflicted the braines of
united Seminalties of Male and Female as from two partiall Causes mutually contributing their Efficiencies one principle and third totall Causes should result from which one motion or mutation though distinctly regulated should advance to the production of the infant For the efficiency of the masculine injection carries the greater stroak in Conformation and is more virtuall then the Feminine The prolifick Ejaculations of both sexes received into the womb Conceptio are by the proper innate productive faculty thereof conserved and cherished and the plastick Conformator which lay concealed in the seed is called forth excited and impregnated and begins the delineation or organization of the Infant Ordo Formationis The parts first formed are the two membranes in which the more divine and spiritual parts of the seed are inwrapped that enshroud the Infant Membrana Faetus one whereof is called the Amnios or Lawn shirt that immediately invests the Infant the other Chorion or the girdle which enrolls it and is the supportment of the Umbelick vessels and the cause of its adhaesion to the Cotyledones or cakes of the womb which two involutions conjoyned make the secundine or after-birth The feminine prolification thus expansed into filmy integuments Partes spermaticae delineantur and the new kindled Diety enspheared the spermatick parts obtain seniority of conformation and are spun out into a numberlesse number of fine slender filaments which are the stamina or ground-work of the solid parts and by a Texture farre too fine and cunning for the fingers of Arachne woven into three bullous orbs or conglobations Theird delineation thus dispatched Sanguis maternus the parts by the nutritive apposition of the other fertile principle the maternal blood advance to increment and majoration And for this purpose the wise contriver of both worlds hath ordained from the fourteen to the forty-fifth year of life in eucratical bodies a natural Plethora and providence exuberancy of blood Menstruorum causa finalis in teeming and ingravidated women to become the Infants sustentation or in vacancy of praegnation lest it overcharge and prove offensive to be by periodick monthly conflux transmitted to the womb and thence excluded The infant having from the mother received the rudiments of the sanguineous parts Vasa umbiliealia 1. Vena umbilicalis the conformator frames a vein 2. Arteriae duae two arteries and the urachus 3. Vrachus convening about the navill and wreaths them into one contorted umbilicality or quadripartit Navill string the vein being a surcle of the Port vein and inserted into the fissure of the Liver is the Nurse provided to suckle the Infant The arteries are two twinn branches of the Iliacall descendent Arteries and the conduits by which the best portion of the arteriall blood and spirits is derived to the Heart of the new production The Uracus is a derivation from the Bladder to the Navill After parturition the use of all these ceasing they are by coalition and exiccation degenerated into Ligaments The age or more truly the non-age of the Infant in the womb is distinguished into the time 1. of Formation Tempus formationis which extends from the Conception to the Calcitration or quickening and 2. of Exornation or perfection which is computed from the motion to parturition Others otherwise divide it into the time 1. of formation Tempus calcis trationis which in the account of Hippocrates lasts to the thirtieth day in Masculine and to the fortieth in Feminine Conceptions 2. Of motion which the vulgarity of Physicians concede to be in the third month in males in the fourth in females 3. of parturition which is so various that whosoever can definitively calculate nobis erit Magnus Apollo The wise ignorance of Hippocrates confirms the incertitude thus Lib. de Alimento ad conformationem Soles triginita quinque ad motionem septuaginta ad perfectionem ducenti decem Alti tradunt ad formam 45 ad motionem 76. ad exitum 20. requiri Alii adspeciem 50. ad primum saltum 100. ad perfectionem 30. Ad distinctionem 40. ad transitionem 80. ad elapsum 240. c. But our experience establisheth above the possibility of eviction that no conception which hath an immature exit before the expiration of 6 months partaks vitality Hippocr 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 puer septimo mense natus certa ratione prodiit vitalis est cum is rationem numerum exactè ad hebdomadas respondentem liabet Octavo autem mense natus numquam vixit Novem autem mensium dierum faetus editur vitalis est numerumque ad hebdomadas exactè respondentem habet Quatuor nempe decades hebdomadarum dies sunt ducenti octoginta That the aborted issue of the seventh month usually lives and may if virile and vigorous be cherished to maturity that Octomestral births are ever fatal if the Doctrine of Hippocrates hold good but that most legitimate happy Tempus partus and frequent time of Parturition is the ninth month and that the enixation or delivery usuall fals out between the fifteenth day of the ninth month and the fifteenth of the tenth of the gestation But although in the observations of Physicians there stand recorded divers undecimestrall duodecimestral and elder editions yet such overshoot mediocrity and are to be filed in the legend of rarities and sportive miracles of nature Though the months by which we compute the Gestation arer solary yet from these the lunary conjunctions of twenty nine daies and twelve howers are not in the main much discrepant neither is this laborious artifice confined to any certain minute punctilios of time For as the magnality of human resemination is withdrawn from our comprehension so is the indefinity of its time the discouragment of our determination CHAP. VI. Of the Vital faculty Facultatum ordo et dignitas THe human Soul De facultatum concentu et principatus or dine videatur Fernelius lib. 5. de Animae Facultatibus Cap. 17. though still an absolute Monarch divides her Empire into a triarchy nd governs by the dispensation of a Triumvirate The three Viceroves though they are absolutely distinct by their commissions and keep their courts in severall Regions are by so indissoluble a league and sympathetick allyance united that the prosperity of one enlarges the principalities of the other and the detriment of each threatens the integrity of all The natural or vegetative Faculty claimes superiority in order of procreation as being governour of our minority and commanding the first tertio of our life the vital merits preheminence in order of necessity as transmitting a soveraign and conservatory influence without which the other must in the fleetest article of time be deposed for ever The Animal challenges supremacy in order of excellency as regulating the diviner actions sence and motion to which as to their perfection the two former are destined Thus every one of
the same reason is cozen German once removed to the Water and lastly the object of the Touch derives it self from the dominion of Earth 2. In the great All that is so much as lies in the narrow sphear of Human comprehension are discoverable but five proper objects viz. Colours Sounds Odors Sapors Tactile Qualities and who will find more must gt out of Trismegistus Circle and hunt on the outside of the world for them 3. The Mediums required to the production of sension are capable of alteration and predisposition but by five waies which we must such is the command of our method with industry forget and referr the disquisition of our friends to receive plenary determination from Arist Lib. 3. de Anima 4. There are no more nor lesse then five senses necessary ad Esse benè Esse vitae 5. Experience the grand inducement of our knowledge on which we may most safely erect determination witnesseth that no discovery hath or can point out more then five Organs either in man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the perfection and therefore the norma or rule of all sublunary creatures or in any other Animal CHAP. VIII Of the Sight HAving thus with temerity crowded through the conflux of Generalls wee are admitted to particulars and the sense which deservedly first arrest the eye of our observation is the sight For although that immortall controversie betwixt the two grandees in the common-wealth of learning the Philosopher and the Physician two happy starrs in conjunction but opposed they portend a deluge of Barbarisme whether is more excellent the sight or touch depend in aequilibrio yet have we thought it no impeachment to our profession to side with the Philosopher and vote for the primacy of the sight as by unquestionable right and the prerogative of Natures bounty properly belonging to it witnesse these subsequent considerations 1. This demonstrats to us more variety and differences of objects then any other sence for all at least most bodies appear clad either in the livery of some one single colour or in a variegated and versicolor dresse and so fal under the perception of the sight but not of the touch 2. Besides its own proper object it runs with unlimited commission through all the common ones and surveyes the Figure Magnitude Number Motion Site and Distance of each visible so that from hence should any derive the pedigree of all Arts and Sciences and affirm that from this Divine sence as from the protoplast all honorable inventions those aërial ones of Musick excepted have received their fruitful productions and successive multiplications we confesse we could not disallow the probability of the Genealogy 3. Vision is performed by a motion swifter then that of ill-spent time even at the remotest distāce for this reason should we character the sight to be the shaddowes or representative reflex of the soul as that is of Divinity the resemblance would be our warrant for as this comprehends the Idea's of things exalted above the contagion of their materials so that admits the incorporeal and intentional images of the objects as the one is capable of two contraries at one and the same instant of time and distinguisheth betwixt true and false so the other at once discernes white and black and while it receives one contrary is not hindered from the perfect dignotion of the other the intellect enjoyes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a deliberation and arbitrary power of election and resolution which submits to no compulsion the sight in its action is uncontrolled and boasts a liberty which the indulgence of nature hath conferr'd upon it but denyed to the younger brethren the other senses for the ears stand ever open to the admission of sounds and the nostrils have no guard but what they borrow from the hand to protect them from the incursion of ingrateful and offensive odors but the eyes are fortifyed with counter-scarfs or curtains wherewith at pleasure they may repulse the invasion of the destructive object 3. The sight by its 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 exquisite and infaillible dignotion and certitude contributes more to our intelligence for a Canon it is in the Civil Law worn into a proverb plus valet oculatus testis quam auriti decem the testimony of one eye-witnesse carries more assurance and authority then of ten that assume their information from the eare From these and other reasons of equal perswasive validity we adventure to deduce the error of Theophrastus who mistook the sight for the essence of man and that laps of Anaxagoras who affirmed that vision was the prime end of our creation How wonderful are the works of thy hands Visus elogium Oh Lord were but the Persian learned in the Opticks how soon would he become this senses Proselyte with blushes red as his angry deity forgoe his fond Idolatry of the Sun and addresse his more pardonable devotiō to the more glorious Luminary the Eye wherein the image of Divinity is far more resplendent for the Sun irradiates the world yet without comfort or benefit to it selfe but the bright Gemini of the lesser world do not only illuminate the body but inform and delight themselves in the beauty they discover When the Sun goes down to wake the Antipodes and leaves our Hemisphear benegro'd we can delude the Tyranny of Night with Tapers and kindle an artificiall day but when once our own lights suffer extinction what an eternal blackness surrounds us from which no beams but those of the Sun of glory can relieve us which in this life is an affliction that anticipats the horid opacity of the Grave and had not the purblind Soul of Momus been more ignorant then his calumny would have made Nature appear he had discovered those windows in the eyes which his blasphemy proclaimed deficient in the composure of man or according to the charracter given them by Alexander the Pertpatetick Mirantur Oculi a lamant concupiscunt Amoris irae furoris misericordiae ultionis indices sunt in audacia prosiliunt in reverentia subsident in amore blandiuntur in dio efferantur gaudente animo hilares subsident in cogitatione ac cura quiescunt quasi cum mente simul intenti c. Laur. Lib. de Sens Org. 11. Cap. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they are the mirror of the Soul wherein all her closet conceptions whether peaceful or passionate are written in the spiritual alphabet of looks and intuitively legible witnesse the mute intelligence of Lovers who can converse like Angels and conceive each other by glances that significantly deliver their apprehensions and carry with them the notion and contents of their desires But we reduce our pen that had not wanderd but in hope to have met with some encomium that might have run parralel to the dignity of this learned sense and so expiated the digression back from this licentious seduction and chain it to the definitive expressions of more severe Philosophy
to catch and collect the species of soundes diffused and scattered in the Aer and through its unfractuous Convolutions convey them into the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or auditory cavity For those that have lost their externall Ears hear but obtusely and confusedly and receive all sounds and articulate voices like the purling murmur of a rivulet or the fritiniancy and shrill note of Grashoppers Hence Brute Animals by the dictate of instinct prick up or arrect their ears in a position to meet and intercept the wandering sounds Hence Hadrian the Emperor to palliate his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and extenuate his imminution of this sense Hinc exactius audiunt quibus aures exterius prominent si non nimium tam en longo decubitu quam neutricum ligaturis aures depressas haberemus rectius audiremus set his hands to his ears in a prominent posture with the palmes forward and hence those Scythians whose outward ears are syderated or sphacelated by extremity of cold plant Cockle or Schallop shells in their rooms for the congregation and direction of the sounds that preterlaps the Meatus Auditorius The external Aer charged with the audible species 2. Auris interna and thus qualified and conducted by the outward 1. Meatus auditorius is wafted into the inward eare through the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or auditory Canale which is a long round oblique perforation of the os petrosum or stony bone invested with a thin dense hard perpolite skin that firmly adheres to the bone that the sound may herein suffer densation collection and turbination In this Cavity is found that bilious humor called by Aegineta 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sordiculas in auribus and by the vulgar English the eare-wax or gluttinous expurgation of the brain Cicer. 2. de Natur. Deorum ut si quae minima bestiola conetur irrumpore in sordibus his tanquam in viscio nihaerescat provided if we reject not the conception of Cicero for the inviscation of the Auricularia Earewig and other small insects In the end of this Foramen is spread a tranverse interstitiary or round parchment called by some Anatomists the myrinx by others the mediastinum 2. Tympanum by most the Tympanum but by the best the drum-head to exclude the external from rushing in and concorporating with the internal or congenite Aer for since the external Aer is subject to Anomalies incrassation humectation and inquination were it but admitted to a conjunction with the originary internal it would perturb the native tenuity and purity thereof and impose upon it the contagion of its own impressions The substance of this partition is not osseous lest the sounds should be repulsed nor carneous and soft for that was absolutely unapt for transmission of the sounds but membranous and nervous yet pellucid thin and subtile that the sounds may be intromitted to the ingenite Aer for those who have this membrane incrassated and too much condensed from the primitive conformation suffer a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or deafnesse incurable and must expect the attenuation and rarefaction of it from the energy of no heat but that of the Sun of Righteousnesse which ariseth with healing in his wings and the dryest of any Membrane in the body for the better reception of the sounds for dry hard bodies principally conduce both to the admission and resonation of sounds witnesse our experiment in musical instruments and the Aphorism of our Oracle in his description of the Tympapanum Hippocr Lib. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 There is in the ear neer to the rocky bone a thin filme or tunicle like the spiders web and of all other membranes the dryest but that what hath most Siccity is most apt to resound there are many Evidences Behind this traverse in the second cavity of the eare are found the three small bones Ossicula tria Incus Stapes and Malleus the Anvil Stirrop and Hammer in probability borrowing these appellations rather from their Figure then office For since solid compacted and polit bodies are most accommodable to the impulsion delation and communication of sounds the soul of reason the Creator framed these three bones substantially very hard and solid and superficially perpolite that by their durities and laevity the sounds may be delated to the implantate Aer and contrived them naked uninvested for were they obducted with any softer involution Sunt haec ofsa solidissima ut resonent quod mirum est eorum in puerulo eadem est quae in sene magnitudo Andr. Laur. Lib. 2. cap. 13. they would be inofficial to pulsation and the successive trajection of sounds and for no other reason their dimensions are the same in all constitutions and their magnitude in an Infant equal to that of those in ful grown procerity We shall here 4. Aer implantatus with resolution be guilty of the omission of some parts in the ear concerning whose use Authors deliver more of conjecture then certitude and rather betray our disquisition into the perplexity and wildernesse of opinion then conduct our curiosity home to the point and unity of established truth and apply our perpension only to the implantat Aer being a subject as full of obscurity as worthy the industry of the subtilest exploration For though all parts in the ear be necessary to audition that the vitiosity or defect of any induceth a depravement or abolition of the action of all Yet it is an opinion vulgarly passant derived as high as Plato assented to by Galen Galen 7. de decret Hippocrat Platon cap. 5. Arist Lib. 2. de An. and confirmed by Aristotle Aerem implantatum esse princeps auditus Organum that the Originary Aer is the precipuous instrument of hearing For as to the reception of the visible image is provided an internal fulgor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 consociable to the external which should propter similitudinem substantiae with familiarity entertain the external so also in the ear is there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an aeriall substance generated of the most pure and rarified portion of the generative materials the seed and maternall blood which by reason of cognation and similitude of substance Sedes aëris implantati doth welcome and embrace the delated species of sounds But to conclude on the place and situation of this implantate Aer seems a businesse of no small abstrusity Hieron Capivaccius seats it in the expansion of the auditory Nerve Archangelus Picolomin Lect. 5. is positive that it is pent in the extream Cavern or inmost den drilled in the os petrosum and Hieron Fabricius ab Aquapendente beleeves that all the cavities angles and creeks of the internall ear which otherwise had remained natural Grotescos and hollow vacuums are possessed and repleted by the implantate Aer We must not indubitate the existence of this innate Aer nor question the verisimility of
in rerum natura from which a Chymist may not extract the Calx and proper salt discernable by the tast as from Soot Tartar Nitre c. The Austere doth both moderately bind 5. Austerus and with a certain asperity or roughnesse coarctate the parts of the tongue and hence in some measure dry and refrigerate this is properly called Crudus sapor and is peculiar to all fruits during their immaturity as all observe in the juice of unripe Grapes Apples Pears Medlars and also Pursellane it consists in a matter moderately participating earth and water subject to the dominion and exuperancy of cold The sweet sapor 6. Dulcis with suavity and jucundity delights the sense and is not offensive by the unevennesse or surplusage of any qualitie such is conspicuous in Sugar Hony Liquorish Polypody Jujubes and most fruits after maturity and in most Lenitive Medicines The Bitter is antagonist to the sweet Sapor is unpleasant and offensive and doth as it were 7. Amayus corrade and divell the sense This notably discovers it self in Alöes wormwood the lesser Centaury and Colocynthis by whose example the others are easily discovered The matter of it is crass and terrene torrified and exiccated by excessive Calidity and hence omne amarum est calidum siccum The sowre borders upon the austere or pontick sapor 8. Acerbus but is far more ungratefull to the sense doth constringe exasperate all parts of the mouth and for this reason more dry and cool prodigally perceptible it is in Pomegranate rindes Galls Sumach Cypresse nuts Achornes c. it dwells in a composition totally terrene and dry whose languid heat is subdued to inactivity by the conquest of its cold adversary confed erate with siccity The insipid 9. Insipidus fatuous 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is not in the rigor of language a Sapor but the privation of it and doth strike the sense with no manifest quality To this are referred all the species of bread-Corn Gourds Gitrull Cucumbers c. Though these are materially crass yet not absolutely earthly dry and astringent but dashed with a portion of humidity which notwithstanding is not exquisitely permixed with siccity by the power of heat And since neither the cold is potentiall in any considerable excesse it of necessity comes to passe that neither the Sapor can be judged of by the Gusto nor any quality or medicall faculty investigated by the insensibility of the effects We say Scaliger Lib. de plantis primae qualitates penè ab omniòus existimatae sunt saporum causa tametsi nobis aliter videtur Nam si sapor à calore fit ergo calidum elementum primo per se sapidum eoeistet Quid quòd multa calida mista insipida Quod si quis dicat ex 4 qualitatum temperatione consici saporem respondeat an in elemento quopiam qua elementum est sapor insit Non sane est Coeterum quemadmodum neque vita prodit ab elementis neque risus neque sensus neque intellectio ne que crementum neque motus voluntarius sed à formis aliis quam elementaribus ita sapor quoque though the endeavours of most have steered this course and thus attempted the deduction of sapors from primitive qualities yet have they rowled the stone in vain and had not the light of the Chymists Fire relieved our benighted enquiries they had yet been groping in the obscurity of error For wee see good reason to be of Scaligers opinion that wee may as safely deduce life laughter sense intellection increment and voluntary motion actions flowing from Forms more noble and divine from Elements as Sapors from their first qualities VVherefore we conclude it more honorable and satisfactory to adhaere to the laudable doctrine of Chymists who refer Sapor unto Salt Sal enim est primum sapidum gustabile omnia quae saporem habent eum propter Salem habent Ubicunque enim sapor deprehenditur ibi sal est ubicunque sal ibi sapor Sennert de Consensu Chymicorum cum Galenicis cap. 11. wee direct the unsatisfied to that judicious treatise of L. Grillus de de sapore amaro dulci. CHAP. XII Of the Touch. THis is that fertile sense to whose delicate invitement we owe our Generation for had not the wisdom of providence in her design of immortality endued the Organs official to the recruit and rejuvenescence of mankind with a most exquisite sense of Touching and annexed a pleasant titillation or lustful fury which transports man beyond the severity of his reason and bewitcheth him to the actions of carnalitie the Deluge had been spared * Mare Anton. de seipso Lib. 6. Num. 10 tum Coitus intestini parvi affrictio mucique excretio non sine Convulsione Ita vertit Meric Casaubon for the first age had seen the world depopulated and been the last age and humanity had been lost in the Grave aswell as innocence in the fall of our first Parents Quis enim per Deum immortalem concubitum rem adeò faedam solicitaret amplexaretur ei indulgeret Quo Vultu divinum illud Animal plenum rationis et consilii quem vocamus hominem obscaenas mulierum partes tot sordibus inquinatas attrectaret nisi incredibili voluptatis oestro percita essent Genitalia and let us but abate the temptation of this sense and the libidinous charmes of it preambulous to the act of congression we shall soon discover that so magnifyed a delight of sensuality to be no other then what that noble Stoick Marcus Antonius desined it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But the attrition of an ordinary base intrall and the excretion of a little snivell with a certain kind of convulsion as Hippocrates describes it This that friend that conserves us in our first life which we spend in the dark prison of the Womb ushers us into this which our improvidence trifles away on the superinductions of sin and never forsakes us untill our translation into the future For when all our other unconstant senses perish or are upon small pertubations of the mind suspended and leave us unguarded and prostituted unto the cold embraces of death this faithfull and unseparable Achates doth attend us unto that moment which shall determine our mortality Arist de An. L. 3. cap. 13. Text. 67. Hence Aristotle drew that prognostick that if any creature be deprived of this sense of Touching death will of necessity ensue For neither is it possible saith he that any creature should want this sense neither to the being of a creature is it of necessity that he have any sense besides this In brief this is that perswasive sense on whose testimony the warie Apostle chose to part with his infidelity and to conclude the presence of his revived Lord that painful tender sense on the patience and victory of whose torments the glorious Souls of Martyrs have ascended to the consummation of their faith That