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sense_n animal_n motion_n nerve_n 1,659 5 10.9186 5 false
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A69143 Miscellania or a treatise Contayning two hundred controuersiall animaduersions, conducing to the study of English controuersies in fayth, and religion. VVritten by N.N.P. and dedicated to the yonger sort of Catholike priests, and other students in the English seminaries beyond the seas. With a pareneticall conclusion vnto the said men. Anderton, Lawrence, attributed name. 1640 (1640) STC 576; ESTC S115142 202,826 416

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is made not of one bone but of seuerall bones the better thereby to bend himselfe Some of which bones are greater some lesse of all which euery one hath that particular magnitude shape firmenes and connexion which the strength of the body the facility of mouing and the vse of the members require These bones especially the greatest of them do further serue in Mans body to support the same with the like vse as the great columnes and beames do vphould an Edifice or buylding And euery bone is couered with a peece of flesh which is called Musculus which Muscle endeth in a sinewy-matter called Tendo By the Tendo the Muscle and consequently the Bone belonging therto is moued We will in this next place consider the three principall parts of mans body to wit the Hart the Liuer and the Brayne It is a principle in Anatomy that all Veynes proceed from the Liuer and giue nourishment All Arteries from the Hart and giue Life All Sinewes from the Brayne and giue Motion and sense The meaning hereof is that the grosse bloud in the veynes doth giue nourishment The spirituall Bloud in the Arteries Lyfe And the Animall Spirits in the Nerues or Sinews do giue sense and Motion Now the Arteryes Veynes and Sinews are of a reasonable greatnes as their first proceeding from their sources or heads but then they deuide themselues almost into infinite branches and in the end they become so small as that therefore they are called Capillares with reference to the smalnes of the hayre of a Mans head They are so generally dispersed throughout all the parts of a Mans body as that therefore there is no part of the Body but that it hath nourishment life and sense or Motion Add hereto that motion of the Hart which is called Systole and Diastole is most admirable By Diastole or D●●atation of it selfe the Hart drawes in new Ayre to temper the Heate refresh the Spirits by Systole or compression of it selfe it expells all fuliginous vapors And thus are the Arteries throughout the whole body euer moued with an incessant and continuall vicissitude in dilating and contracting themselues euen for the said End And this ●ystole and Diastole of the Arteries through the body is that which vulgarly is called the beating or Motion of the Pulse Animaduersion CLXXXXVI IN this next Animaduersion I will descend more particularly to the Structure of two principall Organs or members of mans body To wit the Eye and the Hand in the framing of either of which there appeareth an vndoubted c●rtainty of a Diuine prouidence or deity by whom they were so miraculously made and compacted I will begin with the Eye the knowledg of which Instrument is of such worth as that it hath purchased a peculiar Name or appellation to it selfe It being called Ar● Optic● The Art concerning the eye sight Now touching the Eye First we may obserue the bearing out of the forhead the nose seruing to beate back all sudden entrance of things hurtfull to the Eye Next the Hayres of the Eyelids placed in precise manner seruing to the foresayd End Then the Eye-lidds themselue● which do shut and open either for the preuenting of the entrance of things domageable or for the receauing in of pleasing Obiects Next are to be considered the many Tunicae or Skins which do encompasse and fortify the Eye The Tunicae are these First and the outward most Adnata otherwise called Alba. Next Jnnonimata Then Cornea Next Vuea by which the eyes of seuerall men appeare to be of seuerall colours Then Retina and lastly Aranea it being a most thin skin and nearest to the Eye In this next place are to be considered the thr●e Humor of the Eye to wit Aqu●us which is the vttermost part of the Eye Christallinus which is placed in the Middle of the Eye and this humor is almost the chiefest Instrument of seeing and therefore it is called Simulacrum visionis The third Humor is Vitreus which is placed in the inmost part of the Eye Thus the Chrystaline Humour is betweene the Aqueus and the Vitreus By the help of these Humors the Eye receaueth nourishment as also by them it purgeth away all hurtfull ordure filth Next are presented to our consideration the two Optick Synews which serue to conuay the Species of Obiects from the Eye to the Common sense They are called Nerui visibiles Now touching the figure of the Eye it is partly Round that so the Eye may see not only stra●ght forward but also somewhat on both sydes as we obserue it doth Lastly concerning the manner how we see The opinions of the learned are two to wit either Extramittendo as they speak that is the eye sendeth forth certaine visibiles Spiritus to the Obiect which it seeth and then they returne back againe to the Eye with the true forme of the said Obiect Or els it seeth intromittendo which is the more common opinion that is the Species or formes of the Obiect are spherically multiplyed in the Aire or water and are receaued into the Eye per modum Conoidis vz. in a pyramidall manner Thus much touching the Eye To come to discourse of the Hand and of the admirable Artifice discouered therein Three things are chiefly to be considered in the hand to wit The number of the fingars The number of the ioints of euery fingar and the different length of ech fingar Touching the Number of the fingars They are fyue with the Thumbe Here then we may obserue the fitting number of them For if there were more fingars then fiue then what is more then fyue would be superfluous for we cannot conceaue to what vse that fingar exceeding the number of fyue could be put vnto Yf fewer then fyue then the number would be defectiue and so the hand could not perfectly perform i●s operation as we see it falleth out in such men who by misfortune haue lost one or more of their fingars To proceed to the Number of the ioynts of ech fingar All the foure fingars haue three ioynts whereby they exercise so many inflexions The Thumbe hath only two Yf any fingar had lesse then three ioynts then could not the hand so aptly performe its faculty as we may obserue in those persons who haue any of their fingars growne stiffe through any disease Yf the Thumbe ha● three ioynts that third ioynt would be meerely superfluous and of no vse To descend to the different length of the fingars the Thumbe We are here to call to mynd that the whole hand performeth its faculty by drawing and closing as it were in a circular forme either all or some of the fyue fingars together for by that manner it best graspeth or houldeth any thing within it Now here I say that if either the long fingar were shorter then it is with reference to the other fingars or the little fingar and the Thumbe longer then they are then this supposed shortnes