some of our Humours rarefied into Spirits or Vapours Melancholy Distempers are deduced from Spirits drawn from that Cacochymia The Phrenitis from Choleric Spirits and the Epilepsie from Fumes As to the use of the Brain Galen observes That the Skins and outward Part of the Brain may be cut away without loss of Sense or Motion but when the Medullary Part of the Brain or Nerves is wounded both perish He asserts That the Nerves bring the Faculty of Motion to the Muscles by this Experiment If a Nerve be cut or the Spinal Marrow all the Parts below the Incision lose their Sense and Motion but those above preserve it He was as much perplexed about the Porosity of the Nerves as the Moderns but neither can otherways explain the Diseases of the Nerves than by supposing some Aerial and innate Animal Particles like Vapours passing through the Nerves to give them a Tension And as no Age could ever doubt of the Passage of the Chyle into the Blood before the Discovery of the Lacteals so we are forced to confess the Contents of the Nerves though we can no way discern them for upon the Death of an Animal the Spirits may readily sink into the Muscles or Veins or Lymphatics and Glandules or else be so Aerial as many Liquors be which evaporate upon the least approach of Air or else their Minute Canals suspend their Liquors as small Glass-Pipes do But it seems most probable That proper Experiments have not yet been made by Ligature or Incisions in Living Animals which might demonstrate the Nervine Lympha and it is impossible at present for us otherwise to explain the Nature of the Spirits than by comparing them to Air or Fire till we can by some lucky Experiment discover the Contents of the Nerves and their particular Qualities I have added Two Appendixes to this Treatise of Animal Humours The First describes the Nature of Fevers and their Ferments and the Second deduces many Diseases from the simple Ebullition Effervescence or Orgasmus of the Blood on which most Inflammations Tumours Pains and Fluxes of Humours depend and without a due respect to that Effervescence none of the mentioned Diseases can be rationally cured In the ensuing Treatise I have endeavoured to explain the Opinion of the Ancients in all their Discourse of Fevers but we are obliged to the Ingenious Car. Piso for giving the first hint of Diseases depending on an Effervescence of the Serum but that wanted a farther Explication because he knew not the Circulation of Humours nor the Use of the Glands nor the true Nature of the Serum of the Blood and that the Effervescence is in the Mass of Blood and the Serum has only a violent Motion given by the Ebullition which forces it to pass those Glands through which the Fluxion is made and that Pains cause Fluxions only by stopping the Circulation of Humours by contracting the Vessels by help of the Convulsed Nerves and that all Tumours happen by the Obstruction or Stagnation of Humours in the Circulating Vessels Books Printed for and Sold by R. Clavel at the Peacock in St. Paul's Church-Yard THE Church History clear'd from the Roman Forgeries and Corruptions found in the Councils and Baronius In Four Parts From the Beginning of Christianity to the end of the Fifth General Council 553. By Thomas Comber D. D. Dean of Durham Aristophanis Comoediae Duae Plutus Nubes cum Scholiis Graecis Antiquis Quibus adjiciuntur Notae quaedam simul cum Gemino Indice In usum Studiosae Juventutis The Reasons of Praying for the Peace of Jerusalem In a Sermon Preached before the Queen at White-Hall on the Fast-Day being Wednesday August 29. 1694. By Thomas Comber D. D. Dean of Durham and Chaplain in Ordinary to Their Majesties Printed by Their Majesties Special Command A Daily Office for the Sick Compil'd out of the Holy Scriptures and the Liturgy of our Church with occasional Prayers Meditations and Directions The Catechisms of the Church with Proofs from the New Testament and some additional Questions and Answers divided into Twelve Sections by Z. J. D. D. Author of the Book lately Published Entituled A Daily Office for the Sick with Directions c. A Church Catechism with a brief and easie Explanation thereof for the help of the meanest Capacities and Weakest Memories in Order to the Establishing them in the Religion of the Church of England by T. C. Dean of D. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Or The Touch-stone of Medicines Discovering the Vertues of Vegetables Minerals and Animals by their Tastes and Smells In Two Volumes By Sir John Floyer of the City of Lichfield K t. M. D. of Queens-College Oxford The Pantheon Representing the Fabulous Histories of the Heathen Gods and most Illustrious Heroes in a short plain and familiar Method by way of Dialogue for the Use of Schools Written by Fra. Pomey of the Society of Jesus Author of the French and Latin Dictionary for the Use of the Dauphin What Mistakes have happened I desire may be corrected by the Errata's here annexed PAg. 11. l. 2. it ought to run thus The Fat is produced from the Buttery part of Chyle p. 26. after and that depends on is omitted in the last Line secretitii 33. l. 18. the stop after sometime 43. l. 6. so they are r. which are l. 11. cold not old 44. l. 21. dele as in Rhue 45. l. 2. r. Cure instead of are l. 11. one drachm not one Ounce l. 19. Catchup divide it from Mango l. 48. omit the Comma betwixt Milk and Water 49. l. â—3 for which Flames r. with Flannel 53. l. 10. dele so 66. â—â—â— 8. r. pungent 83. l. 25. r. compare 95. l. 21. r. Hog Fenil 96. l. 20. r. acid not acrid 102. l. 16. r. for not fat 107. l. 25. r. rapid 112. l. 22. r. fat Cows not Faulcon 114. l. 14. r. Flowers not Flames 117. l. 10. no breach 127. l. 15. r. soon not some 129. l. 1. r. the. 155. l. 24. r. are 157. l. 17. r. preter not pretty 171. l. 8. r. Stomach not Sumach 181. l. 2. r. Onions not Crocus 188. l. 24. r. from not above 199. l. the last r. Aq. Panatae 191. l. 1. r. mild not wild 202. l. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 206. l. 22. dele as 208. l. 28. r. of not or 209. l. 21. add less 211. l. 11. r. for not so 224. l. 2. r. Bursa pastoris dele and. 260. stop after Italy the not they add of after use 261. l. 6. r. Oxymels THE Preternatural State OF ANIMAL HVMOVRS described c. CHAP. I. Of Diseases in General and particularly of those of the Solid Parts THE Ancient Doctrine of Hippocrates divided the Parts of an Animal into the Containing and Contained The Containing are the Vessels and the Parts Contained are the Humours amongst which we reckon the Spirits which are also of a Fluid Nature The Anatomy of an Embryo evidently confirms this Doctrine for at its first formation
over-fermented or digested too much it becomes Bitter Acrid Rancid or Putrid for we often perceive the Meat in the Stomach either Burning or Bitter or Oyly or Stinking and from this State of Chyle are produced these several degrees of the hot Cacochymia in the Blood and other Humours 1. A Bilious Bitter Acrid State of Humours and this is known by the Bitterness in the Stomach and the Abhorrence of bitter things and the continual Heat in the Habit of the Body as well as the Passions of the Mind as Anger Revenge Courage 2. A Viscid State of Blood which produces Pains and Inflammations and is evident upon Bleeding when there is a defect in the Serum or a Viscid Consistence of the Chyle upon the top of the Blood which is called its Siziness 3. The Vitriolic Acidity of the Blood which appears by any black Humour evacuated and by the Affections of Fear and Sadness 4. The Serum of the Blood acquires a Salt Acrimony which corrodes and eats the Gums infects the Skin with Spots and is the Hot Scurvey 5. The Putrefaction of any Humour is the highest resolution or dissolution of its Principles from that State and Mixture which made it the Humour of a particular Animal of which these several Species are very evident 1. Diseases depending on an inward Ferment altered by the ill use of the Six Non-Naturals as Fevers intermitting with the several Symptoms attending them 2. Those Diseases which depend wholly on an outward Ferment received into 1. The Flesh as Hydrophobia by the Bite of a Mad-Dog or the Poyson of any Venomous Animal by its Bite or Sting 2. The Serum by the Infection of the touch of a Salt Humour to which the Morphews Scab Pox and Scald-Head are referrable and Leprosie all which are in some measure Infectious by a Corrosive Humour 3. All Venomous Medicines which corrode and ferment the Humours become Poysonous to the Animal 4. All Malignant Fevers as the Small-Pox Measles and Plague or Pestilential Fevers have their original from the Malignity of the Air and the Poysonous Sulphurs of the Earth 5. Worms and Lice are either produced by an Egg received into the Animal or the Putrefaction of its Humours Thirdly If the Chyle be very plentiful it breeds the following Diseases 1. An over-abundance of Milk in the Breasts of Women 2. A Satyriasis or an abundance of Seminal Lympha's 3. A Fatness or over-growing of the habit of the Muscular Flesh or the great quantity of Fat both which is called an Obesity or too Fat with an abundance of the Chylous Lympha's 4. An undue increase of the Viscera or other Parts whilst the others decay as in the Rickets and the Imposthumations of the Viscera especially the Liver The Rickets are a Species of the Palsie 5. A Plethora of Blood Fourthly If the Chyle or other Nutritious Humours be wanting or deficient these several kinds of Defects are produced 1. A Defect of Milk in the Breasts 2. A Defect of the Semen in Sterility 3. An Atrophy of the Body or any part of it or the Viscera 4. A Defect of the Saliva in Thirst The following Diseases depend on the vitiated Motion of Humours All Obstructions depend on the stoppage of the Motion of the Animal Humours through their Vessels I. The Obstruction of the Chyle-Vessels which produces the Tumours of the Mesentery and its Glands II. The Obstruction of the Blood-Vessels 1. As in the Polypus and suffocating Catarrhs 2. The Reflux of Blood is stopt in Inflammations and Tumours Varices and Haemorrhoids III. The Secretion of Humours through their several Glands is hindred 1. In the Jaundice the Choler is hindred from its Secretion 2. In the Diseases of the Spleen the Separation of the Vitriolic Slimy Humour is stopt and that evacuated into the Stomach 3. The Secretion of the Salt lympha is hindred in the Scrophula and in Catarrhs or else of the Milky lympha's in the cooler kind and in the Tumours of the Breasts 4. The Secretion of Animal Spirits is hindred through the Glands of the Brain In Apoplexies Lethargies or any other sleepy Distempers Fifthly The Motion of the Animal Humours which are excrementitious are suppressed in the following Diseases 1. In an Ischuria which is a Stoppage of Vrine 2. In a want of Stools or Astrictio Alvi 3. In the stoppage of Transpiration or Sweat 4. In a Suppression of the Menses 5. In a Suppression of the Lochia 6. In the long retaining of a Mola 7. In the Suppression of the Haemorrhoids Sixthly The preternatural Evacuation of Nutritious Humours out of the Body are 1. By a continual Vomiting 2. By a Diarrhaea or Looseness 3. By a Diabetes 4. By a Ptyalismus 5. By a Gonorrhaea 6. By the Fluor Albus 7. By too much Sweating 8. By an Abortion 9. By an Epiphora or Flux of Tears 10. Incontinence of Vrin These are the Fluxes which cause Diseases Seventhly The Evacuations of Blood are 1. The Bleeding at Nose 2. Spitting of Blood from the Throat or Lungs 3. The great Flux of the Haemorrhoids 4. The Flux of Blood like the washing of Meat in Fluxu Hepatico 5. Too great a Flux of the Menses 6. The Pissing of Blood 7. The Vomiting of Blood Eighthly The preternatural Evacuation of Serous Humours into the Cavities of the Body are 1. In an Ascites when the Water fills the Cavities of the Belly 2. In the Dropsie of the Breast or Head or Testicles it fills those particular Cavities 3. In an Anasarca it fills the Muscular Habit of the Body These Diseases depend on the vitiated Motion of Animal Spirits and their preternatural Qualities First The Motion of the Animal Spirits is stopt in the Nerves by the Viscidity of their Succus Nervosus 1. In those belonging to half the Body or the whole in Palsies 2. In those belonging to the Heart or Pulse in Fainting or Syncope's 3. In the Nerves of the Eyes in a Gutta Serena 4. In those of the Ears in a Deafness 5. In those of the Tongue and Nose in the loss of their Smell and Taste 6. In those of the Stomach in the want of Appetite 7. In the Nerves of the Generating Organs in Venere languida 8. In those of the Oesophagus in deglutitione impeditá Secondly The Motion of the Animal Spirits into the Senses is continued longer than usual and this Expansion is called Vigiliae or want of Sleep and depends on a hot Flatulency or Elasticity of Spirits Thirdly The Animal Spirits are sometimes irritated and violently agitated in particular Parts by some ungrateful Object and this is called Pain Whose Species are 1. Cephalalgia or Pain of the Head 2. Cardialgia or Pain at the Stomach 3. Colica or Pain in the Stomach or Guts 4. Odontalgia or Pain in the Teeth 5. Otalgia or Pain in the Ear. 6. Stranguria or Pain in the making of Vrin from sharp Humours 7. Calculus or Pain in the Vrin Passages from the Stone 8. Podagra or Pain in
the Joynts 9. Arthritis Scorbutica 10. All the Inflammations and Vlcers following them cause great Pain Whose Species are 1. Aphthae or Inflammations of the Mouth 2. Angina or Inflammations of the Throat 3. Inflammations of the Vvula and Tonsils and Gums 4. Parotis or Inflammations of the Glands about the Ears 5. The Inflammation of the Stomach or Intestines 6. The Inflammation of the Anus and Haemorrhoids 7. The Inflammation of the Liver or Spleen 8. Nephritis or the Inflammation of the Kidnies 9. Phrenitis or the Inflammation of the Membranes of the Brain 10. Ophthalmia or the Inflammation of the Eyes 11. Peripneumonia the Inflammation of the Lungs 12. Pleuritis the Inflammation of the Pleura and Muscles of the Breast 13. Inflammations of the Breasts 14. Rheumatismus or the Inflammations of the Muscles of the Limbs in general or else of some particular Muscles as those of the Hip in the Ischias or the Back in Lumbago 15. Inflammation of the Stones By the continuance of the Inflammations Imposthumes and Vlcers are bred in all the Parts of the Body the chief of which are 1. Vomiea or an Abcess in the Lungs contained in a Bladder 2. Empyema or a collection of Matter in the Cavity of the Breast 3. Phthisis or an Vlcer in the Lungs 4. Dysenteria or an Vlcer in the Intestines 5. Tenesmus or an Vlcer in the Intestinum rectum 6. Vlcers of the Eyes 7. Vlcers of the Kidneys and Bladder 8. Vlcers of the Anus 9. Vlcers of the Viscera as Liver Spleen 10. Vlcers of the Glands in the Scrophula or Kings-Evil 11. Vlcers of the Mouth and Throat Nose or Ears Gums and Stomach 12. Gonorrhaea or Vlcers of the Prostatae All these Vlcers may conveniently be treated of immediately after the Instammations of their several parts to which each Vlcer must be referred Because the Fever attending Inflammations for the most part though at first it occasions them yet afterwards it depends on the Tumour and Pain I chose to referr them to the Class of Pains rather than to that of Fevers and also because many Inflammations depend on other causes than Fevers but all are attended with great Pain Fourthly The Animal Spirits are some time in an explosive Motion by which they cause Convulsions which depend much on the hottest Flatulency of Humours as 1. Epilepsia is a Convulsion of all the outward Parts with a falling down suddenly 2. Passio Hysterica is a Convulsion of the inward Parts as the Lungs Diaphragma Mesentery Womb and Muscles of the Belly 3. Chorea S ti Viti is a Species of Convulsion observed in the Lameness of Girls before their Puberty with shaking of their Leg and Hand 4. The Convulsions of Children from Pain as in the breeding of Teeth Gripes or Worms 5. The Convulsion from Serous Matter in the Heads of Children or the Metastesis of a Malignant Fever thither 6. The Palpitation of the Heart is a Convulsion of it 7. Singultus is a Convulsion of the Stomach and Diaphragma 8. Coughing is a Convulsive Motion of the Breast 9. Sneezing is a slight Convulsion from Humours irritating the Nose 10. Priapismus is a Convulsion of the Penis which causes Painful Erection of it Fifthly The Animal Spirits have sometimes a violent tumultuous or restless Motion in the Brain by which the Judgment is depraved and the Idaea's confused 1. Mania is a furious Motion of the Animal Spirits with the Passion of Anger and Boldness these Spirits are from a Rancid Cholerick Blood 2. Melancholia is a restless Motion of the Spirits joyned with the Passion of Fear and Sadness from a Vitriolic State of Blood 3. Furor uterinus is a Delirium joyned with an immoderate Appetite of Venery in which case the Spirits as well as the other Humours are tinctured with the Seminal Faetid Lympha Sixthly The Animal Spirits acquire some crude or mixt Flatuosity or become windy as in bottled Liquors or the Spirits of those not fully fermented These Distempers happen in a flatulent Cacochymia 1. Vertigo which is a vertiginous Motion of Spirits 2. Tympanites is a permanent Inflation of the Membranes of the Abdomen by flatulent Spirits 3. Asthma is the Inflation of the Membranes of the Lungs and of the Membranes covering the Muscles of the Thorax but does not continue long 4. Incubus is an Inflation of the Membranes of the Stomach which hinders the Motion of the Diaphragma and Lungs and Pulse and Motion but with a sense of a weight oppressing the Breast 5. A windy Inflation of the Vterus after Child-Bed in many Hysterical Women and those especially who have oft Miscarried are sensible of Wind passing from the Womb. 6. The flatulent Tumours of particular Parts Seventhly The Animal Spirits are unfit for the Motions of Sense or Reasoning or Memory by their depauperated or waterish State or some Indisposition in the Canals of the Nervous Fibers in all Fools which we call Morofis and the low phlegmatic or waterish or tartareous Cacochymia's Each Cacochymia produces Animal Spirits of a peculiar Temper suitable to it so that by observing the Cacochymia we may know the particular ill State of the Spirits and this cannot be cured without altering the other The Spirits are a Secreted Humour and often circulating through the Blood they must partake of its several Cacochymia's and this Observation is most certain qualis chylus talis est sanguis qualis sanguis talis est succus nervosus caeterique omnes humores secretiti CHAP. III. Of the Preparation of Animal Humours by Fermentation FRom the Crude and Watry Juices of Vegetables we prepare all our Wines by Fermentation which dissolves the Slimy Mucilage of the Grapes or other Fruit into a more fluid Consistence it separates the Acid Particles from the more Earthy and volatilizes the oleous Particles and unites them with the Acid for we observe that all fermented liquors whether from Fruits or Corn are composed out of a sweet rarefied and well digested Mucilage and of Acid Oleous Particles which are their pungent Spirits all which being dissolved in a Watry Vehicle the fermented liquors obtain a clear lympid and equal Consistence The Particles which compose our Chyle are very like those mentioned of fermented liquors and by the following Discourse it will be manifest that the Chyle has its preparation by being fermented as other Liquors be Chyle has the same Principles as Milk a viscidity from the Caseous Parts an oyliness from the Butyraceous Parts and an Acidity from the Tartareous which we taste in Butter-milk besides a waterish Serosity in which the other Principles swim and are mixed It is scarce doubted by any of our Modern Physicians that the Chyle is prepared by Fermentation when they consider the nature of the Saliva how much it ferments Animal Humours when any one is Bitten by a Mad Dog or other Venomous Creature and the most familiar use of the Runnet is to ferment our Milk and give a strong foetor to Cheese Besides
Tractatum hunc cui Titulus THE PRETERNATURAL STATE OF Animal Humours c. Dignum judicamus quî Imprimatur Samuel Collins Praeses Tho. Burwell Rich. Torlesse Will. Dawes Thom. Gill Censores Dat. in Comitiis Censoriis ex Aedibus Collegii nostri Dec. 6. 1695. THE Preternatural State OF ANIMAL HUMOURS DESCRIBED BY THEIR Sensible Qualities Which depend on the different degrees of their Fermentation And the Cure of each particular Cacochymia is performed by Medicines of a peculiar Specific Taste described To this Treatise are added TWO APPENDIXES I. About the Nature of Fevers and their Ferments and Cure by particular Tastes II. Concerning the Effervescence and Ebullition of the several Cacochymia's on which all Inflammations Tumours Pains and Fluxes of Humours depend especially those in the Gout and Asthma and the particular Tastes of the Medicines curing Ebullitions are described By the Author of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 LONDON Printed by W. Downing for Michael Johnson And are to be Sold by Robert Clavel Sam Smith and Benjamin Walford in St. Paul's Church-Yard 1696. TO THE Much Honoured Sir Charles Holt Bar t. at Aston in Warwick-shire Sir YOUR great Skill and Judgment in the Practice of Physick is so well known to all Your Countrey as well as to many of the Learned'st of Our Faculty that I can need no Apology for the Dedication of a Physical Treatise to You. If I Reflect on those Favours I have received from Your Honoured Family they may justly claim this Expression of my Gratitude for Them But I think my self most particularly Obliged to make this Publick Acknowledgement of those great Advantages I have had by Your Learned Conversation Your Chymical Experiments have given me clear Notions of the Principles of many particular Bodies and their Sensible Qualities by Anatomical Dissections You have procured for me some Animal Humours to Taste and Examine and by Your Microscopes I have observed more of the Consistence of Fluids than I could otherways have known These Notions which I here present You were the Subject of our frequent Conferences and I never liked any of them so well as those Your Judgment approved of When Your Kindness to Your Neighbours or Charity to the Poor Obliged You to prescribe Physick which frequently You do I have observed when I was called to any Consultation with You Your exact Judgment in distinguishing the nicest Cases Your Rational Prescriptions grounded on the true Indications taken from the History of the particular Case and directed against the Cause of the Disease and also Your great Value for Simple Medicines prescribed in their due Quantity and I can most truly affirm That a great Success always attended this rational Practice Sir Your exact Judgment in Physick deserves the highest Expressions of Esteem from the most Ingenious Writers in our Art but I must depend on that great Candor and Civility You constantly express to Our whole Faculty for Your Accepting of the Patronage of these Papers which are Presented by Him who has a real Value both for Your Vertue and Learning and who am SIR Your most Humble And Faithful Servant JOHN FLOYER Lichfield July 26 1695. THE PREFACE IT is very reasonable That the present Age should admit all the sensible Observations made on Human Bodies by the preceeding And those it ought farther to explain and illustrate by the Philosophy of the present times for that of every Age soon alters and the Variety of Hypotheses and Terms confounds all Ordinary Readers and the present being so extravagantly different from those of Ages very remote the Old Authors become most unacceptable to the Moderns but they who are conversant in all the Natural Phaenomena will easily take the Sense both of the Old and New Writers and give a candid Censure of Both. My Design in this Treatise is To explain Animal Humours by the Observations given of them by the Ancients as well as by those Improvements made by Modern Philosophy Chymistry and Anatomy The Ancient Physicians explained Animal Humours by sensible Qualities and also their Morbid State by the same By the Touch they explained the Heat which shews us the high degree of Fermentation in our Humours and the Cold intimates the Depression of our Natural Fermentation By the same Sense they observed the Moisture by which we understand the Fulness of the Habit of the Body and intimates a Plethoric State of Humours and the Dryness of our Bodies is evident in thin lean Habits where the Nutritious Juyces are deficient Because a high Fermentation or Digestion may happen in a full moist Habit or a lean thin One and a low Fermentation may happen in both they have therefore observed various Compositions of our Constitutions not dis-agreeable to the Nature of them which depend on the particular Digestion and quantity of our Humours and not immediately on any Mixture of Qualities and Elements for particular Bodies such as Plants and Animals cannot be explained by those general Elements which constitute the great Mass of Matter in the World but both have their Origin from some Matter prepared By Fermentation or Digestion Plants theirs from a Bituminous Nutriment and Animals theirs from an Albuminous Liquor Chyle was not esteemed by the Ancients any of the Humours but from it they deduced the several Humours constituting the Blood The Red Part of Blood they most particularly called Blood which tinges the whole Mass and makes the Blood and Face florid They described it as hot moist and sweet and by these contrary Tastes viz. the Cold the Dry the Bitter they used to correct it The Choler they observed by the Yellowness in the Arterial Blood They described it as hot fiery bitter acrid and dry and to correct it they used the Cold and Moist Tastes But we observe as the Salso-Acid of Urin corrects Coloquintida Bitterness so the Salt of Blood and Chyle alters the Taste of the Choler mixed with both and makes it sweet or insipid and Lixiviums have the same effect on Choleric Humours The Bilis Nigra made the Body and Blood and Spleen black cold dry and Humours acid and by the warm sweet and humid Tastes they corrected it They observed that Blackness was given to Oyly Humours by Adustion Phlegm was described as the coldest Humour sweet and moist and preternaturally acid and salt and these they esteemed the Matter of all Defluxions as in reality the lacteal and serous Lympha's be but the sweet Phlegm is the chylous Liquor The hot and dry Tastes are contrary to Phlegm They observed That Heat corrects Cold Moisture Dryness and sweet and oyly things the Acerbity and Austerity of Humours Though the Serum and fibrous Cake of the Blood were the chief Parts of the Mass of Blood and well known to the Ancients yet it did not agree with their Hypothesis to make them Principles of the sanguineous Mass but the mentioned Humours by exceeding in quantity or quality produced these several Cacochymia and Defluxions of Humours The Old
there is a viscid Phlegm though the Corn pass through it intire and unbroken into the Gizard this Phlegm then arises from the Chyle and passes through the Glandules of the Stomach to whose Skins it constantly adheres and Fomentations outwardly may help the Secretion of it through its Glands and the Dissolution of it from the Stomach That Fermentation is the most natural way of Curing the phlegmatic Cacochymia appears by our ordinary Preparation of Bread for the Ferment and Baking perfectly corrects the slimy Mucilage of Corn and we observe how heavy and slimy and how hard to be digested all Bread unfermented or unleavened proves If we view Mucilages such as the White of an Egg or Cherry-Tree Gum dissolved in the magnifying Glasses we cannot discern any Globuli but an uniform Consistence The small Particles of Mucilages exclude all Air and cohere close which makes them ropy and tenaceous but if we look upon Milk which is little different from Chyle and therefore is made out of the mucilaginous Juyces of Plants we may observe the Particles of Milk to be only a heap of Globuli Fermentation makes all mucilaginous Liquors fluid by agitating their Particles and dividing into small Parts the viscous Mass so that the Air may incompass each Particle and form them into Globuli as it does great Drops of Water in the falling of Rain Water is nothing else as it appears in those Glasses but a Congerics of Globuli by which Observation I may probably guess that the nature of Fluidity consists in having the small Particles of Liquors divided into Globuli by the Air and the nature of a Mucilage in having no Air intermixt betwixt its Particles nor globular Figure to yield upon any Pressure or Motion We observe in fermented Bread how many airy Bubbles are intermixt in the whole Mass after Baking and also in all fermenting Liquors how full of Air the Fermentation makes it Barm it self is almost all Froth whose Efficacy lies in exciting the Spirits of the fermenting Liquor into an Agitation to break its Viscidity and admit the Air to frame the Globuli necessary to all Fluidity We could not observe any Motion in the Globuli to which the Fluidity of Liquor might be imputed but seemed wholly owing to the globular Figure of the Particles which appeared clearly in Water the most fluid of all our Liquors Oyl and Butter appear in the Glass of the same uniform Figure as the Mucilages do and this makes them easily to mix together I mixt divers Medicines with a Mucilage of Quince-Seeds and the White of an Egg that I might thereby inform my self more in the nature of Mucilages and their Coagulations Spirit of Vitriol soon coagulated the Mucilage of the Seeds Green Vitriol and Alum thickened the Mucilage and the White of an Egg was curdied by Alum Common Sal Armoniac and common Salt rather thinned than thickened the Mucilage but made no great change nor Cream of Tartar Salt of Wormwood and Sp. Sal. Armoniac made the Mucilage more thin and gave it a Marmolade Colour Brandy made no Alteration in the Mucilage but curdled reddish on the top of the White of an Egg. Aqua Fortis and Saccharum Saturni turned the White of an Egg into a coagulated Milk which shewed the Original of the Animal Slimes to be from Chyle The Heat of the Fire seemed to make the Mucilage more thin and to dry it into a Skin like the Mucilage of the conglomerate Glands of the Joynts which as Dr. Havers informs us is like the White of an Egg of a saltish Taste and this he says with the Heat of the Fire turns into a Liquor more tenulous than it is naturally and produces upon Evaporation a thin film on the top with some little white Coagulum and what remains is not a thirteenth part He made these further Experiments on it Vinegar coagulated it but testaceous Medicines would not dissolve it Claret which is Styptic and Acid produced a Coagulation like a Jelly but White-Wine and Sack less Alum Vitriol Sacc Saturni coagulated it and Vinegar more than Oyl of Vitriol Sal Armoniac dissolved all the Coagulations by Acids or Styptics and so does Oleum Tart. per deliquium made without Niter Aqua Fortis and Spirit of Niter coagulated it like Milk Styptic Plants as decoction of Galls Red Roses the Cortex coagulated it These Experiments being made on an Animal Mucilage shew the Coagulation of it by Acids for which Reason I transcribed them from the Ingenious Dr. Havers's Book CHAP. VI. Of the Tartareous Acidity or Acerbity of Animal Humours especially the Chyle and Lacteal Lympha's which commonly appears in the sourness of our Stomachs ALL Vegetables have their Tartar or Sour part altho they Taste nothing of it but are very Bitter yet their Juyces being Boyled to an Extract manifest their Tartar to the Taste as in Extract of Wormwood All Liquors prepared from Vegetables and Bread made of them are apt to sour by keeping and therefore manifest the Tartar which lay concealed in it before under the sweet oyly Taste Not only Vegetables but the Animal Chylous Juyces have a sour Tartar in them for Milk which is a depurated Chyle sours by keeping and Butter-Milk has an evident Acidity in it The Chyle of Animals is often observed to be coagulated by its own Innate Tartar in the Glands of the Mesentery or other Viscera where Cheesie coagulations are often cut forth The Milk in the Breasts is often coagulated by its own Acidity or External Cold and by its Stagnation produces Tumours The Lacteal Lympha is often coagulated in the Conglomerate Glands of the Mouth Nose Throat and in the Bladders of the Lungs by its own Tartar or Cold and the taste of the Saliva is often observed to be Sour The Serous Salt Lympha is coagulate in Rheumatic pains in the Lymphatics and in the Conglobate Glands in Scrophulus Tumours The Lympha of the Nerves may be coagulated in the Palsie and Cataracts The Blood it self is coagulate and grumous from too Acid Chyle which causes a low Pulse and Fainting The austere Juice of the Spleen produces obstructions in the Hypocondria and coagulates the Bile like Alum The Contents of the Guts being austere they produce Cholics and the binding of the Belly and a compression in the Stomach and Breast If we consider only the Principles which Chymistry extracts from Animal Humours we shall find no sensible Animal Acid pure and evident in them for they only shew us a volatile Salt and foetid Oyl and phlegmatic Water but if we examine the Stomachs of Animals and both Smell and Taste the Contents there we shall observe a manifest Acidity from whence I shall observe that our bare Senses if diligently imployed about natural subjects inform us more truly than the Chymical Experiments by strong Fires about the Nature of them A different Quantity and Quality of Acids appears in the Stomachs of Animals according to the difference of their