from one bone that is to say from one Appendaunce and endeth in another These amplect and inwrappe them rounde so haue they others more slacke and others agayne more straight accordyng to the greatnes and litlenes of the Bones Therefore estéeme that I speake in this place generally of all the Ligamentes what soeuer they be that bynde the brest scapples Cannell bones nether iawe shoulder cubite fingers the small bone of the legge called Fibula that part of the foote called Tarsus whiche as appeareth before in the History of bones may be compared to Brachiale and therfore estéemed for nomination sake as the wrest of the foote and the bones of Pedium aunswerable to the Postbrachials But if you enquire of the Ligamentes of Ilium and Pubis I will aunswere that they differ from others in nothyng but mouyng BEtwene Cubitus and Radius and so betwene Tibia and Fibula after their longitude is a Membtaneous Ligamēt sited betwene those spaces Whose vtilitie is not onely to vnite and bynde those Bones together but also lyke an hedge deuidyng the interiour from the exteriour Muscles After which sorte are the Ligamentes set in the holes of Pubis to distinguishe the ninthe from the tenth Muscle THe Lyuer is conteyned with two principall Ligamentes whereof the one is toward the right part the other toward the left the left beyng thicker then the right These knit the liuer to Septum transuersum lest downeward it should be forced to fall by the waight therof The right of these two Ligamentes is called a Suspensorie but the left hath no propper name Now that I haue waded thus farre in the description of the Ligamentes touchyng such particularly as differ in proportion notably and comprehendyng the cōmon sort in briefer order I will here end omittyng to speake of Mediastinum Pleura Pericardicon and Paritonaeum although they might séeme worthy to be spoken of among the Ligamentes bicause els where findyng fitter occasion to touch them in approching so neare whilest other partes are shewed I haue largely ynoughe reuealed their properties Whiche notwithstandyng are no Ligamentes worthely to be called but Membrans hauyng perfect sense whiche Ligamentes neuer possessed Although amongest all other the Ligamentes of the Liuer are not altogether of sense frustrate Hereafter be attentiue how the members are moued by Muscles ⧠An end of the History of Ligamentes The forepart of the Muscles ⧠Of the History of man the fourth Booke Of Muscles to euery member A Muscle which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latins Musculus is an instrumentall part of the body and in déede the instrument of volūtary mouing without which no part of our body could moue at our will and desire When Nature therfore had construed the frame worke of the body with the Cartilages and swathed them euery one in Ligamentall bondes accordyng as to euery part she called dewe it followed then necessarily that some instrument were deuised whereby those partes should be drawne mutually one to an other accordyng vnto the will of the creature In consideration of whiche necessities nature easely did foresée that onely by Ligamentes she myght not vse voluntary motion because they were neither with sence nor mouing endewed not being continually with the vertue of the animall power neither yet of Nerues onely actiō might be made since they haue not the force thorough their softnes and tenuitie to draw and vse so great a waight as behoued Wherfore she deuised at lēgth of both to make an instrument of mouyng which might be in conclusion harder then the Nerue and softer then the Ligament therewith also to participate of sense lesse then the Nerue but more then the Ligament So that of the Ligament the Muscle hath his strength and of the Nerue whereby to féele and moue Collumbus to this purpose hath these wordes A Muscle sayth he is construct made of Fibrous flesh Ligaments Nerues Veynes Arteries Mēbrās With flesh that the body ther of might be large or to confirme hold together those partes as sayth Fernelius with Nerues that it might cary with it the moitiue vertue that springeth frō the brayne with the Ligamēt that in mouyng it might be the strōger with the vayne to be nourished with the Arterie to possesse vital caliditie and the Membran enwrappeth and holdeth all these together seuering also one Muscle from another So some suppose it to be called a Muscle after the likenes that it sheweth of a Mouse whose head is small the bellye broad and tayle long and narrow others likewise imaginyng of the likenes of the litle beast called a Laserte doe nominate the Muscle Lasertus Diuers do agayne thinke it liker a Fish and therfore call them litle Fishes But truely none of these fourmes are to be founde in all muscles For some are broad some thrée square some foure square others round compassed many thicke diuers sclender and small certaine of them short and sondry long here some containyng one maner of Fibres there others mixt with all kyndes in this place some are endued with two kyndes of Fibres and in that place many are interwonen with thrée Thus beyng diuersly fourmed diuersly composed there is no certaine comparison to be made vnto them accordyng vnto the likenes of any thing but if it represent one it is diuers frō others and shewyng the shape of some perfectly is reproued of others immediatly THe endes of Muscles are in tēdons or as we cōmonly say chordes yet not all for you shall sée many without thē Cōtrariwise some Muscles haue tēdons in their begynnings some in the middest although Galen maketh mētiō of the fourth Muscle onely that openeth the neither iaw wheras takyng occasiō to speake therof he geueth great prayses commendatiōs vnto Nature but he might also haue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sayth Collumbus the fourth Muscle which draweth Hyoides downewardès and receiueth his tendon of Nature in the middest There are yet some Muscles which haue but onely one tendō others ij some iij. or iiij or moe As the long Muscle of the backe and the fift of the brest Some haue long and round tendons some haue roūd but shorter tendons others haue tendons both long and broad others likewise broad and short so that many and sondry are the differences of Muscles as lately I sayd and more aptly shall appeare in the peculiar History Moreouer Muscles although commonly they haue their begynnyng from the Bones and also end at Bones yet not all of them obserue that rule for some spryng from Cartilages others from Membrans hauyng their begynnyng and haue likewise decréed in Membranes euen so to haue their endynges diuers after their exorture descend diuers so contrarily ascend many are sited ouerthwartly and many in crooked or oblique sort are placed Neither do the Muscles obserue one
sustained the losse of no eye To which I faythfully subscribe hauyng proued the like in Anno. 1570. But to returne to our matter The second humor of the eye is Christalloides or Christallinus called so for because it shineth like light and in pure clearenes comparable to the christall The place where it is sited is towardes the forepartes almost in the centre of the eye beyng amplected olf the hinder part with the vitrious humor hauyng no other Membran interiacent or lyeng betwene but before couered with Aranea The figure of the christalline humor is round but in the fore part depressed where it respecteth the watrish humor it is lyke the kynde of a pulse called a lentill The substaunce of this humor is somewhat hard The vse therof is exiellent most noble beyng almost the principall member of sight pleasaunt to be marked and worthy to be knoweÌ„ not iniuriously therfore called the idole or Image of seeing Now the thyrd humor called Hioloida of all sortes of Anathomistes Vitreum because it representeth fused or moulten glasse The place or beyng whereof is in the hinder part of the eye Yet not onely holdeth his abode there but holdeth no small portion also of the forepart as appeareth since of foure partes of the eye it is sayd to occupy thrée I meane the hollow part Besides all this Hialoides is hollow in the middest for good purpose giuyng place vnto the christalline humor beyng likewise of it selfe most splendent and pleasaunt to behold Aranea enwrappeth this together with the christalline humor neare to which Retina lyesh which yeldeth nourishment to the vitrious humor which vitrious in like maner féedeth the christalline Therfore no marueile that the vitrious humor shineth so excellently beyng the nourisher and féeder of the christalline more shinyng So that by meanes of renewyng these nutricions that humour is also ingendred which is called Aqueus or watrishe of Galen Alluginius for the cause before named And these are the thrée humors in the eyes helpyng or rather ministryng sight for by their helpe and by meanes of their round proportion with the centre in the middest and their decent situation with such visible space betwene we easely and rightly sée Besides the fiue Muscles seruing to the eye as also besides the vj. Membrans thrée humors two Glandules the opticke sinew the second payre of siuewes and fat all which I haue susticiently in this discourse distributed there are both Ueynes and Arteries dispersed through the Muscles fat and Membrans among whiche many of them are distributed as also through Cornea and Vuea This is the most proper explication that I can gather of the frame and workmanshyp of mans eye to speake playnly and without paynted circumstaunces least I might happen to fall within the daunger of foule obloquie with Vesalius who is sayd not onely in the Muscles and Membrans fó haue erred but euen in the humors also to haue wandred out of the way supposing the christalline humor to be exquisitely sited in the centre of the eye as also the quantitie of the watrish to be equall with the vitrious humor HEtherto of smellyng hearyng and séeyng Now of tastyng whose chiefest instrumentes sayth Ioannes Fernelius in his ix Chap. De partibus corporis humani are in the palate and toung although the toung as saith Vesalius by the consent of all Philosophers is the principall Which office it purchaseth by reason of the two braunches of the foure payre of â—…selves of the brayne which discendyng to the rootes of the toung are distributed through the vpper coate of it The other two braunches of the same payre passing through the holes of the fourth Bone of the vpper iawe march through the coate of the palate to the Anteriour part therof And thus these foure payre sayth Collumbus were begotten to be the organ of tast As for the vertue of féelyng which is equally poured out amoÌ„g all the partes of the body I caÌ„ not desine the propper instrumentes therof vntill the propagation of Nerues be absolued to which Nature resigned the whole libertie of féelyng and mouyng that worthely they might be derided who affirme one portion of an Nerue to be endewed with féelyng and an other with mouyng and without sense But before I fall to the particular description of Nerues it may be demaunded what a nerue is it is aunswered that a sinew is an organ by the which both sense and mouing is caried vnto the whole body Which maketh that such partes as are voyde of them are no lesse frustrate of sense Galen sayth that forâ—… thrée principall endes Nature hath made such distribution of Nerues in the body The first was to giue féelyng vnto the sensiue instrumentes the second to giue motion to the moueable partes and the thyrd to endue all others with that facultie whereby to discerne all annoyances Albeit that to the Muscles beyng the instrumentes of voluntary mouyng the greatest Nerues are giuen therfore in this consideration nature hath not distributed to euery part like measure of Nerues to one as to an other but to some more liberally and agayne to others more sparingly Euen as appeareth by the members of nutrion whilest none of them are instrumentes either of sense or motion Nature hath giuen them therfore small Nerues onely to be partakers of the sense of knowledge in any paynefull annoyaunces The figure of a Nerue is long and of round proportion of substaunce soft and porie also to giue perfect passage to the animall spirites 〈◊〉 amoÌ„g the partes And this substaunce of the nerues is endewed with the slender as also the thicke Membran of the brayne to be of more abilitie Their distribution is diuers but their originall is from the seate or foundation of the brayne neare to the thyrd Uentricle from whence they spryng both to the right side and to the left And for asmuch as all that hitherto haue written of them do describe their procéedynges by payres whiche are in nomber vij in which point there is not one of them that differ from an other although in other cases but seldome may we say so we will also in this present discourse obserue the like order as touchyng the vij payre of sinewes of the brayne And to begyn the first of them therefore are indifferent thicke and also soft whole rising is somewhat distant from the anteriour seate of the brayne whereas aboue the cell of the bone called Sphenoides they are vnited but not crossewise as some haue dreamed For whereas they ioyne together a litle space they separate agayne shortly the right one passing to the right eye and the left vnto the left eye But note a litle as touchyng their inuolucres for from their begynnyng lately noted to the hole sited in the roundell of the eye through which
otherwise then the veynes descendyng from the toppe of the head And by these dispersed arterics vitall spirite is effused into the ventricles of the brayne which by metyng mixyng with the ayre prepared as aforesayd forgetteth the animall spirit The vtilitie of the animall spirites is not one or simply to be accompted of but is extended and liberally bestowed vpon all the senses which beyng begot in the cauities of the brayne discende vnto the foundation or seate thereof where the thyrd ventricle is whiche is a litle long and straight cauitie reachyng from the anteriour to the posteriour part of the brayne Not farre from this ventricle the Nerues of Spinalis Medula do spring Therfore an easie matter for the animall spirites to come vnto pearse the sinewes or to be caryed by them to the organs of sense to giue them helpe and to ayde the actions of euery member no otherwise then as beyng caryed through the optic sinewes into the eyes they minister vnto them the actions of séeyng In like sort as it is to be déemed of the hearyng and tastyng and of euery action procéedyng from the brayne But besides this thyrd ventricle thus lately spoken of it shal be requisite likewise to describe a fourth which is betwene Cerebellum and the Spinall marey in which place there is a small hole goyng from the thyrd to this fourth cauitie now spoken of beyng but litle yet not so small but as may suffice the animall spirites to passe thereby from the thyrd to the fourth Uentricle And this is the place wherein is sayd to be contained memory The fourth ventricle is not much capable and is comprehended of the thinne Membran There the Spinall marey as shal be sayd wheÌ„ we come to the place is endewed with a cauitie figured like a writyng penne as it were a hole wherby no man doubteth the contained spirites may passe vnto the Spinall marey Aboue the thyrd vaentricle of the brayne you may behold a portion supereminent or appearyng ouer it sufficiently white whiche is called Callosum corpus a Callous body Under this lyeth an other portion named Fornix and Psalloides in figure of a halfe circle or rather an arche or bendyng bridge which on the hinder part leaneth as it were on two legges but in the forepart on one onely Néither vnprofitable is this body callous or hard or that after the fashion of a compassed arche made but to the end that the wayght of the brayne might not ruine or fall vpon the thyrd cauitie BUt betwene these small portions of the brayne namely the callous vaulted bodyes is coÌ„tained as it were a glasse so truly called because it is cleare and cristall lyke beyng nothyng els in this place but the thinne Membran of the brayne here doubled with which duplication of thinne Membran the superiour ventricles are enuironed which thence returne downwardes Whereto if this glasse were wantyng it were not euident bow the right Uentricle should from the left be discerned and called forasmuch as by the meanes and helpe of this onely Membran they are deuided BEhynd this vaulted part in the extreme part of the brayne towardes Cerebellum and in the vpper part of the thyrd ventricle Nature hath feyned certaine eminent partes whiche in their vpper partes represent the likenes or Image of Testicles and so called therfore of Anathomistes Testes neare vnto the which two other particles yet somewhat greater are to be discerned called according to their figure clunes the haunches or buttockes Betwene which lyeth that hole whiche is already noted to from the thyrd to the fourth ventricle and séemeth like vnto the fundament Furthermore in the forepart of these Testicles as we call them stretchyng to the thyrd ventricle an other part of the brayne appeareth which not vnaptly but very elegantly expresseth the shape or priuye part of a woman With this body is sene a litle hard Glandule in colour contrary to the substaunce of the brayne that is to say somewhat yellow couered with the thinne Membran THis Glandule is called Pinalis or Conarium fitly representyng the shape of the yard So that in the brayne wanteth nether the figure of the Testicles buttockes fundament womans shape nor yard The vse of this Glandule Collumbus holdeth opinion to be for the diuision of the vessell othersome haue coniectured that the makyng and office therof was to shut in the spirite of the fourth veÌ„tricle but that he alloweth not Galen sayth that it hath in this place the same office that others in other partes of the body possesse but it filleth sayth he the diuision of the great veyne wherewith all the foldes Choroides that are in the anteriour ventricles of the brayne are filled In the forepart of the thyrd ventricle is to be discerned a déeper cauitie which goeth at length aboue the seate of Sphenoides and this cauitie is called Peluis or Infundibulum which is to be Englished a tunnell or hopper made to receiue the excrementes begotten in the ventricles and transmit and carie them to the Glandule placed in the seate of Sphenoides Whiche Glandule in deede is sufficiently thicke beyng put without the â—…ard Membrans framed so of the deuine workeman to receiue into it the excrementes of the brayne And this Collumbus affirmeth to be the place where the thinne Membran riseth to couer and clothe these ventricles And not withstandyng all this sayd yet before we cease or giue ouer the description of the brayne note thus much that in the brayne and whole substaunce therof onely foure cauities or hollowes are to be numbred and moe or besides them none sayth the same Realdus although some haue affirmed vâ—… the cause of whiche errour is the anfractuous or crooked deduction of the first vâ—… ventricles whiche they haue not diligently persecuted or followed forth to the end but imprudently haue déemed by that meanes two other ventricles to be contained in the forepart which certainly are nothyng els but a portion of the first NOw the discourse of the brayne beyng sufficiently handled it séemeth necessary consequently to speake of Cerebellum Cerebellum whiche hath his place towardes the hinder part of the Scul vnder the hard Membrans of which as also of the thinne Membran it is compassed on eche side notwithstandyng that his circumuolutions and turnynges or wreathes are not the same but otherwise then we haue noted of the braynes And this part sayth Iohannes Fernelius Ambianus is much harder then the substaunce of that we call the brayne and therfore produceth harder sinewes and also sayth he it is moredry wherof the extreme part falleth downe the hollow pipe or caue of the spine or backe Bones euen vnto Os sacrum but he séemeth in this to subscribe vnto Galen who sayth that the end of Cerebellum is the begynnyng of the Spinall
Ligamentes The Ligamentes of 〈◊〉 and Pubis how 〈◊〉 differ from others Of the Ligament betwene 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Tibia and 〈◊〉 The vse of this Membraneous Ligament The vtilitie of the Ligament in the holes of Pubis Of y Ligaments of the 〈◊〉 Situation 〈◊〉 The Ligament named a suspensorye Mediastinum Pleura Pericardium and Peritoneum are Membrans not Ligamentes The Ligamentes of y 〈◊〉 are not wholy 〈◊〉 of sense What a Muscle is and y description thereof vesal. Lib. 2. Cap. 2. The maruelous workemanship of nature and foresight Why voluntary motion could not be by Ligaments Why not by Nerues What iâ—…strumeÌ„t at length was concluded vpon The Muscle hath lesse sense then the Nerue and more then the Ligament Which do constitute the Muscle and the effectes of those partes in the Muscle Fer. Lib. Cap. 5. vesal. Lib. 2. Cap. 〈◊〉 Whence it is called a Muscle after the opinion of some The fourmes of Muscles are diuers Muscles ende at tendous but not all What Muscles receiue their tendon in the middest The number of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Muscles The figures of tendons The riâ—…g and in 〈◊〉 oâ—… Muscles The perforatioÌ„ of tendons What is a teÌ„don The differeÌ„ce betwene the Muscle and Nerue A Muscle is the organ of 〈◊〉 mouing â—…ence y Muscle receueth his â—…ng Aristotle much 〈◊〉 in the partes of mans body Nerues to be disseâ—… 〈◊〉 into the subâ—…unce of Muscles 〈◊〉 2. Câ—…p 3. The errour of Vesâ—…ius in the distributioÌ„ of Nerues through the muscles Columbus agaynst Veâ—…lius What part to called the â—…ce Of the Musculons 〈◊〉 of tâ—…e Membra 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 Gal. 〈◊〉 2. 〈◊〉 pâ—…t The â—…litie of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the face Gal. Lib. 9. vs pâ—…rt The fleshâ—… membran in the face hath 〈◊〉 and braunches of â—…ues vesal. lib. 2. Cap. 8. Col. Lib. 5. Cap. 3. The Muscles of the forehead Vesalius Collumbus The 〈◊〉 of the ij first 〈◊〉 are oblique There situation There are ij muscles of the forehead and not one onely One of these muscles wounded halfe the forhead moueth not How the eye browes are drawne vpward The Muscles of the nose There are not ij Muscles seruyng to shut the nose The 〈◊〉 progresse fourâ—…e and ende of the Muscles of the nose â—…ow the nose is shut Two broad Muscles in the necke Substaunce 〈◊〉 The fower Muscles of the lippes Riâ—…ng The cause of 〈◊〉 in such as would haue the nose dilated by a Muscle Fower Muscles of the nose The exorâ—…ce of the ij Muscles constituting the nether lippe The vaâ—…ietie of Fibres makâ—…th varietie of motion Two Muscles of the cheekes The exâ—…rture and end of the Muscles oâ—… the cheekes are conâ—…sed Fourme 〈◊〉 â—…se Collumbus â—…auded The Muscles to the eye browes of none before Collumbus noted Exorture Fourme â—…se The Muscles of the eye â—…des are â—…e The cause of eâ—…rour in other 〈◊〉 Fourme Fibres Situation The Muscles shutting the eyeâ—… Muscles opening the eyes The Muscles drawyng the eye lidde The erâ—…r of Gal. Vesal and the othâ—… Anathoâ—…stes The Muscles of the eyes No vertue without his propper organ How necessary 〈◊〉 is to the eyes Gal. Lib. 10. vs part The motion of the eyes is arbitratious Authors in the muscles to y eyes not agreeyng The intent of the author Truth is y most auncient authoritie Gal. Ibid. The descriptio of the Muscles of y eyes after Galen and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. Cap. 11 Galen Ibid Col. Lib. 5. Cap. 〈◊〉 The descriptioÌ„ of the Muscles of the eyes after Realdus Collumbus How y Muscles of y eyes ate situated to 〈◊〉 Subsequent mouing that is one Muscle following another How the circled mouing is made How the eye is stayed The 〈◊〉 Muscle of the eye newly 〈◊〉 A conâ—…ectirall knowledge of the motion of the fift 〈◊〉 Collumbus here bursteth 〈◊〉 a ve bement desire to know this 〈◊〉 Muscle Vesalius and Galen described the eyes of beastes Muscles of the eares The Muscles of the eares in man are very rare Plinie Lib. XI Cap. 37. The Crocodile moâ—…eth the vpper 〈◊〉 onely Col. â—…ib 1. Cap. 8. â—…ib 5. Cap. 2. Col. â—…ib 1. Cap. 9. The 〈◊〉 stureth both at 〈◊〉 Thrée boluntary mouynges of the nether â—…awe The Muscles to the nether â—…awe The temporall Muscle Hippociates The rising of the teÌ„porall Muscle The Procese called 〈◊〉 A 〈◊〉 to Chirurgians The Muscle 〈◊〉 king in the mouth The Muscle cal led Mansorius or Massetores The fourth Muscle openyng the mouth Why nature made not the Muscle to open the mouth so large as those to shutte it The Muscles of Hyoides The 〈◊〉 Muscle of Hyoides The second Muscle of Hyoides The third Muscle of Hyoides The fourth Muscle of Hyoides Lib. 5. Cap. 12. Lib. 1. Cap. 17. The vse of the 4. Muscle The fourth Muscle serueth not to lift vp y shoulder blade Witnessing also 〈◊〉 Of Muscles not propper to Hyoides The vtilities of the tongue Substance Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vs 〈◊〉 Magnitude 〈◊〉 Figure The Muscles of the tongue are nine or as some accompt xj The Ligament which is in infantes to 〈◊〉 The ij Muscles attributed to the tongue The 〈◊〉 clothing the tongue Whence y tongue hath the sense of tasting The 〈◊〉 in beastes is sweet in eating The partes constituting y toÌ„gue In cutting the Li gament of the 〈◊〉 what is to be héeded What is the LigameÌ„t of y touÌ„ge vesal. Lib. 2. cap. 19 The vse of the LigameÌ„t of y touÌ„ge The bridle of the tongue Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vsu part The 〈◊〉 of nature in creating this Ligament With 〈◊〉 measure is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Col. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 What â—…arinx 〈◊〉 Where voyce â—…s fust fâ—…urmed Of the Muscles 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 Why the author somâ—…tyme forsaketh Galen and 〈◊〉 Galen and 〈◊〉 haue described 〈◊〉 according as it is in beastes and not in men Collumbus Col. Ibidem Lib. 2. cap. xij The number of the Muscles of 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 ij Muscles of Larinx being of the 〈◊〉 Muscles The muscle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from Galen and Vesalius â—…uch ex Gal. et ves Lib. 2. Cap. 20. The other ij common Muscles which 〈◊〉 writeth are not in man. Col. Ibid. Why they are called commoÌ„ Muscles The nine Muscles of Larinx Which are called the proper Muscles thereof What Glottis is and where it is Of the nine Muscles of â—…arinx whence the firsâ—… doe springe The Anular or 〈◊〉 boâ—…e Vesalius eâ—…reth in the ij first Muscles of Luinx Euery Muscle worketh towarâ—… his beginning Vesalius Ibidem Collumbus denieth them to be like the intercostaâ—… Muscles How graue or â—…ase voyces are vttered The 4. muscles oâ—… Larinx The constitution of Arytaenoides expressed in the historye of bones wheâ—… Larinx is described The last And least of all the Muscles of 〈◊〉 â—…owe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1â—… Muscles to 〈◊〉 The authors good will to his countrie and or 〈◊〉 Suspend your indgment till you 〈◊〉 the truth Of the Muscles of the shoulder bindes called els the scaple bones Col.
of all others The Muscles extenoing the foote The teÌ„don wherby Hector was drawâ—… about the wâ—…lies of Troye The perforated tendons of the foote The tendons that â—…ow that fouâ—…e toâ—…s of the foote The 〈◊〉 Muscle in the fore part of the foote The tendon in the foote that appeareth so neare vnder the sainne The tendon â—…owâ—…g the â—…treine foote The tendons extendâ—…g the foure toes 〈◊〉 Cap. Ibid. The Muscle which is accompted the 〈◊〉 How the foote may be set to the grounde Col. Lib. 5. 31. The 〈◊〉 â—…etning to the toes are 18. How that Muscles seruing to the toes are 22. The first 〈◊〉 to the toes 〈◊〉 dessect Muse. The foure perfotnted teÌ„dons and their vses The brand tendoÌ„ of that foote of must exquisite sense The tendon seading the litle toe from the rest The perforating Muscle Vesalius and Col. differ in the 〈◊〉 of these inâ—… Muscles Col. Iab 5. Cap 〈◊〉 The vse of that iiij Muscles 〈◊〉 the iiij 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to Col. to 〈◊〉 other knowne 〈◊〉 Muscles setting to the â—…guler toes of the tóote The vse of the 18. Muscle of the toes Col. Lib. 5. Cap. 〈◊〉 The Muscles seruing to y cubitte Two Muscles extend the cubitte and 〈◊〉 â—…ow 〈◊〉 The first Muscle bowing y cubitte The hand Why last of all he speaketh of the hand â—…b 5. Cap. 33. Of the Muscles of the hand What Muscles will abide longest in dissection The Muscles of the hand are 〈◊〉 into inner â—…nd outer Muscles The inner Muscles of the hand are viij The first 〈◊〉 Muscle of the hand The balle or palme of y hand The vse of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Muscle of the hand This Muscle maketh not the ball of the hand without heare Col. ibid. Thâ—…ues for the most part sayth Collumbus want this first 〈◊〉 our muscle of the hand The perforated tendons of the hand The 4. perforating tendons of the hand Gal. Lib. vs part Li. de anat admim 〈◊〉 Lib. de motu Musc. The Muscles 〈◊〉 directly directly downward The 〈◊〉 exteriour Muscle of the hand Col. Lib. 5. cap. 〈◊〉 Why such payne hapâ—…eth by any solution of continuitye betwen the flesh and nayle The Muscle that leadeth the â—…tle finger from the rest The Prâ—…cesse of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Styloides The ij 〈◊〉 tendon The Muscles exâ—…ding the 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 or the hand vpward and dâ—…wnward The turning â—…f the hand in 〈◊〉 compasie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the hand vpward Radius outward â—…he Muscles to the extreme 〈◊〉 oâ—… the had are 〈◊〉 The disâ—… 〈◊〉 of these Muscles among the singers The 〈◊〉 Muscle of the extreme hand The 〈◊〉 of Venus Col. Lib. 5. Cap. 35. Vlt. The Muscles extending the iiij fingers of the hand A thing very notable and little knowne The Muscles coÌ„stituting the hill of Mars Three other Muscles in the extreme hand A Câ—…eat giuen by Collumbus The seâ—…th Muscle of the thombe The Muscle that layeth that thombe aloft on the fore finger Eight other Muscles gâ—…en to the fingers the thombe excepted The Muscles bowyng the fingers both straight and obliquely Gal. 〈◊〉 1. 〈◊〉 san Cap. 1. The necessitie of nourâ—…ment â—…che growyng thing hath a certayn powâ—…r to require his necessarye Lib. 6. Epid. par 5. aph 1. Nature néedeth no instâ—… â—…ow the body is maintayned â—…ow the ayerye 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 substaunce holdeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. â—…ib â—…p The necessitie of instrumentes 〈◊〉 to nourishment Thâ—…e hindes of instrumentes seruing to 〈◊〉 Lib. 6. de anat ad de nâ—…t 〈◊〉 Lib. cap. 10. The vse of the first instrumentes The vse of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The vse of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The first 〈◊〉 The extreme 〈◊〉 called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 soone lost soone â—…red Col. Lib. 13. Cap. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is â—…sible The first vtilitie Bones insensible The tenuitie of Cuticula The thicker Cuticula the dullâ—… sense Pores How Cuticula 〈◊〉 seperated from the trew 〈◊〉 The trew skinne called Derma and Cutis What partes are not couered by the skinne Gal. Lib. 1. de temp Cap. 8. The skinne holâ—…eth a meane betwene hard and soft The substance of the skinne The sinewe Flesh. Loc. citato The skinne 〈◊〉 agaynst Aristotle The necessitie of sense in y skinne The vtilitie of sense in y skinne vesal. â—…ib 2. Cap. 5. How the skinne cleaueth to the subtect partes Distribution of Nerues to the skinne Thicknes of the skinne Face Softnes of the skinne Palme of the hand Where that suinne to thickeâ—… Of motion in the 〈◊〉 Shâ—…e with beare on it Col. Lib. 13. cap. 1. Pores in the sainne Why some sweat lightly or contâ—…ary wayes Veâ—…l lib. 2. Cap. 5. Fat and how it is engendred Collumbus The vse of fatte Lib. de 〈◊〉 That fatte is in men aswell as women contrary to â—…alen In what bodyes 〈◊〉 aboâ—…deth or desecteth Al the outer partes saue the yard and tesâ—…cles haue their fat The diâ—…ersitie of fatte according to the place Fat is 〈◊〉 contrary to 〈◊〉 Loc. citato An other vtilitie of fatte The skinne called Membrana 〈◊〉 Why it is called the 〈◊〉 Membran Collumbus The fleâ—…hy Membran vnder the armehole Where Aâ—…ies runne betwene the 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of the sensibilitie of the fleshy Membran The descriptâ—… of the white 〈◊〉 nauell The situation of the nauell The vtilitie of the nauell The rising and 〈◊〉 section of the white siâ—…e Fuch Iâ—…b 4. Cap. 4. The vse of the vmbelicall 〈◊〉 to the infant in the wombe Col. lib. 11. Cap. 1â—… 〈◊〉 What is fleâ—… How flesh is eâ—…gendred Gal. 10. de temper What part is without flesh Wherto the office of flesh is compared Of the kindes of fleshes 〈◊〉 maketh digression to speake of Glandules Col. 〈◊〉 9. Glahbule or 〈◊〉 what it is The office of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Glandules of the 〈◊〉 Of the 〈◊〉 Whence teaâ—…s proceede Of the 〈◊〉 Of the tongue Of 〈◊〉 and Aspâ—… 〈◊〉 Why the thâ—…te bouncheth not forth somuch in women as in men Of y canell bone Of AEsophagus Of Abdomen Of the ventricle called Panchreas Of the neck of the bleddar The 〈◊〉 in substannce 〈◊〉 little from Glandules Of 〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Glandules of the cares and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Emunctory places of the brayne Where groweth the 〈◊〉 called 〈◊〉 Of the 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 Of the flanke The 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 The vse of the glandules about the 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 Where are glanâ—…s more 〈◊〉 The vse of the glandâ—… 〈◊〉 the pappâ—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the soft 〈◊〉 are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 substaunce The substaunce of the head of the yard and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 Lib. 2. de Temper Simple flesh is no where in the body Diuers partes haue diuers substaunces and temperatures Epit. Two sortes of fleshes The proâ—… flesh The impropper flesh 〈◊〉 Gal. vs paâ—…t Iib. 4. 〈◊〉 The descriptioÌ„ of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—…ib 11. Cap. 11. The 〈◊〉 of
that thing that is accordyng to Nature as the scoape whereto we ought to cleaue we must study to conserue and know The Bones therefore by very right we call the foundation of the body since they not onely make firme the partes but also sustayne and support the body Then that we in this our first enterprise intreate of Bones it neither séemeth voyde of much authorized maintenaunce neither yet frustrate of the splendant sparke of reason which shall light ech mans iudgement into the right conducted way of truth These therefore are the wordes of Vesalius All the partes of mans body are either Similar or Simple with sence as are Ligamentes Fibres Membrans Flesh and Fatte or els Dissimilar or Instrumentall as the Veine Artery Sinew Muscle Finger and other Organs of the whole body which are made so much the more instrumentall by how much the greater store of Similar partes with the instrumentall are compounded As for example the handes head c. The Bones are of all the partes of the body most hard dry of earthy substance cold voyde of sence the teeth onely excepted But here you must vnderstand that they are not accouÌ„ted voyde of féeling because they are most of y terrestriall element but because no portioÌ„ of sinewes which are the immediate organs of sence is in their substaunce disseminated Neither was it the mighty pleasure of God whom we call Nature nor any parcell of his decrée that the substaunce of the bones at all should be made sensible as any reasonable man must of force confesse if he note but how the whole mole and pack of members are sustayned by them who with their many motions do carry and recarry all the other parts of the body with them which argueth that if they were as some say delighted with the perfection of féelyng then the moitiue vertue of the members would by excéedyng payne be taken away or els at least frustrate Wherefore it is odious to heare them that blushe not obstinately to affirme that in bones is conteyned a singular sharpnes of sence when as neither reason can rule them nor experience satisfie them For belike they will either proue that the Bones are the originall of Nerues and so consequently of the brayne or els that the Bones are produced and made of the matter of the brayne and so to be sensible as the Nerues whiche are the organs of sence as shal sufficiently be declared vnto you in their proper description But yet further to confute their vnshamefastnesse the good Artiste who in his lyfe tyme dayes of experience * either scaleth cantrizeth or seperateth Bones is able to testifie aboundantly that after he passeth in his operation Periosteon the party is no longer vexed with such payne as appertayneth to the sensible partes This 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for so it is termed of the Gréekes the * Latines haue not knowen it is a certaine Membrane that enwrappeth cloatheth the bones by the benefite of which Membrane and not of their owne proper Nature the Bones are supposed to féele although in déed they doe nothing lesse for that once * abraced or taken of froÌ„ the bone neither can they by sence afterward discerne whether you cut burne deuide or otherwise at your pleasure handle theÌ„ Wher fore it is a shame if we otherwise affirme but with Gal. Vesal and Col. conclude that Bones of their own proper Nature are altogether destitute of sence except as I sayd before the téeth onely which are approued sensible as experience oâ—… Scholemaistres teacheth vs. Now as touchyng the proper differences of Bones * this is the first that they differ not only in names when as euery one chalenge to themselues proper names but also in magnitude some beyng * small and others greater Agayne in fourme as some long some short diuers triangled others quadrangled * c. Or otherwise accordyng to the figure as smooth or rough defended with processes or hauyng appendances some distinguished by commissures others also otherwise Moreouer they are distinguished by their vses Since to one onely function or common office all were not ordayned which argueth also the great diuersitie of their fashions fourmed shapes For some are playnly hollow neither alike but some of them with more large scope others also straiter yet not prouing the bone either larger or lesser therby when as * some beyng great haue â—…o manifest hollownesse in them as for example The bones committed to os Sacrum os Sacrum it selfe the Scapple bones others named in their places Some agayne are * small but much hollow as the bones of the fingers coÌ„trary to Galene as we will proue in their propper place Andraeas Uesalius also supposed that neither the bones of the nose and * Sesaminae neither the little Ossicles that constitute the organ of hearyng should be otherwise then made of massiue Soliditie 〈◊〉 Which notwithstanding Collumbus doubteth not to denye for proofe wherof sayth he breake one of them either gréene or dryed and you shall finde the substance therof spongie not vnlike a thicke Pummie stone And these bones also although they séeme so Solid shew in the outward partes of themselues certaine holes some greater and others lesse as is to be sene in the Brachiall téeth and many other bones of the fingers which the Diuine creator hath commauÌ„ded to be Perforated Therfore euideÌ„t ynough those holes are not in vayne they giuyng place to the veines and bloud for nourishment as also to the Arteries for their vitall heate whereas such as haue no holes to admit within them either veines or Arteries such we say are nourished and fed by the partes adiacent Now forasmuch as in this our narratioÌ„ of bones diuers straunge names such as to the simpler sorte are altogether vnknowen be here there scattered It shal be very conuenient before hand briefly to table out an expositioÌ„ of them That thereby the reading of such in their places being now first cracked and shaled â—…rom their obscure Huskes may be more perspicuous and pleasaunt to your contemplation which otherwise would be loadsom and tedious And first to begin we will say what is vnderstood by this word Appendance which the Gréekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It is nothyng els saue a bone springyng to a bone or rather an addition or coagmentation of some bone obteinyng a peculiar circumscription yet not beyng a trew portion of that bone whereto it is committed In yong creatures therfore it is easely discerned but in older and greater more hardly for triall wherof if you boile the bones of a kid or lambe or veale you shall easely see certaine portions endes of them to deuide either by them selues or els with small constreinte And those Particles so annexed to the bones are called
them selues these hauyng but obscure those manifest motion Neither is it any maruaile that the same thynges being diuerâ—… considered may vnder diuers kynds in the same Praedicament be placed for it falleth out sometyme in diuers Praedicamentes Examples in this kynde are these of Enarthrosis the Bone Talus with the botelike bone and the thyrd Bone of the wrest with the first and second of the same Of Arthrodia the Bones of Tarsus among them selues Cyboides with the héele bone and certaine Bones of the wrest among them selues Of Ginglymos Talus with the héele Bone some likewise of the wrâ—…st Bones among themselues or By Symphysis which is a ioynyng together of the bones without mouyng and is deuided in thrée Videl Sutura Gomphosis Harmonia Sutura is that maner of coÌ„position sene in the head wherein the bones are committed together lyke the téeth of a sawe as is Sutura Coronalis Sagittalis Labdoides Gomphosis is wheÌ„ one bone lyke a nayle is fastened with in an other as the téeth in the iawes Harmonia is a ioyning toge ther of bones by some simple line as y CoÌ„missures of the vpper iaw that chiefly which is in the nose and runneth after the longitude of the palate All these are connitted together by Synchondrosis Which is an vnioÌ„ of the bones made by a Cartilage as is sene in Os Pubis the brest bone and Ilium wheÌ„ it is knit to Sacrum Syssarcosis Which is a coniunction of bones by the apposition of the flesh comming vpon theÌ„ as is sene betwen the téeth iawes as also in those ioints which Muscles do enuiron Syndesmosis Which is a composition of Bones by the meanes of a Ligament as in y ioynts appcareth NOw seyng that the head of all the other partes of y body is most noble conteinyng in his cauitie y brayne which cleane coÌ„trary to Aristotles mynde we proue the principall member of all others we wil first begyn with the Bones therof which to the brayne in their construction are so safe a muniment as it is small thankes to say nature was most carefull in constitutyng of it And in this poynt by the motion of Galen we are constrained to put forth a question that is whether the head was made for cause of y eyes or els of the brayne To this the sayd Galen answereth in his viâ—… booke De vsu partium that the head for the eyes sake was so aptly ordained to which opinion he was slenderly styrred by beholdyng the eyes of certaine creatures called Betles Cankers such other which hauyng no heades to the end their eyes might possesse the highest rowme for furthest prospect sake nature hath limited them certaine Processes to vsurpe the offices of an head But by the leaue of so famous a Philosopher you shall heare the opinion of a latter practitionar Realdus Collumbus who denyeth not Galens opinion in this respect that for great consideration and requisite causes the eyes must worthely in the highest place be coÌ„stitute and therfore the head to be a most necessary seate vnto them in whose propper angles they are â—…eaceably retained and strongly munited from all externe and accidentall iniuries but therfore and for such onely vses he graunteth not the head to haue bene made of such quantitie neither of that figure nor such a construction of Bones but rather for cause of the brayne For if y eyes should be the cause sayth he could not nature haue deuided the head into two prominent Processes in which the eyes might be placed to discerne a farre of Yes truely and to haue made them after a harder kynde of constitution as appeareth both in those creatures that Galen nameth as also in many other the eyes of which creatures if the creator had decréed to be of the like soft substaunce that the eyes of man are then he would also haue prepared lyke munimentes and defences for them to saue them after the same maner from outward inconueniences And surely his reasons are pithie in this respect to dissuade vs from Galens opinioÌ„ and rather to beleue that the head was made especially of that shape and figure for the cause of the brayne so much the more safely to kéepe and defend it beyng the habitation of reason which maketh man to be accompted the deuine creature which is the mistresse of all vertues Quéene of animall faculties whereon that the senses continually as ministers and seruauntes attendantly should wayte in the same head also they obtaine euery one their seates as is not improperly declared in their places As touchyng the naturall figure of the head called of the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Galen sayth it should be round long wise on eche side lightly compressed so that the fore part and hinder part be eminent or out stretchyng For as Cerebellum towardes the hinder part lyeth vnder the brayne and the spinall marey thence slydeth from the head so contrarily Processes arise from the fore part to the eyes to the instrumentes of smellyng And therfore this he accompteth the naturall figure of the brayne and so consequently of the head All other sortes he iudgeth rather vnsâ—…mely then naturall of the chiefest or most notable of them he hath made a fourefold diuision The first of which is quyte contrary to that we haue nominated naturall wanting both â—…eminences of the head that is the former hinder out goyng so that in déede is exquisitely rouÌ„d like a Sphere Of like sort as Homer reporteth one Thersites to haue had which figure as it is cleane contrary to the naturall fashion so it is a token of vnaptnes and folly hauyng therby the function of all vertues hindred notwithstanding all for the most part endewed with a sharpe or accuminated figure of the head the GreciaÌ„s call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So Pericles who his head as Quintilian writeth being more long and accuminate séemed not to speake or in any thyng to entreat familiarly but rather to throng thunder out his wordes And this little agreable to the right measure of the head the Atticall Poetes haue named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The second figure of the head not naturall is that that in the forehead hath no eminence but onely in the hinder part The thyrd is iust contrary vnto this The fourth figure is this when both the sides of the head are more promineÌ„t then either the forehead or hinder part But this kynde is so rare as that it is not onely accoÌ„pted not naturall but playne monstrous also and agaynst nature Wherfore Galen sayth it is altogether to the life of man vnprofitable and that such beside their shape haue nothyng that is proper to men To this witnesseth Andraeas Vesalius who in Venice beheld a boye that beyng mad besides many other straunge deformities
thereby to be distinguished for all other bones in the body not onely requiryng such excéedyng Soliditie for the swift diminishyng of the meat but principally that to the bodyes vse they might detract a longer tyme Which neither would haue bene sufficiēt had not nature prouidētly right prudently foresene the same by enlargyng their growyng almost perpetually that as they dayly weare so they might dayly renew and be encreased in their places Betwene euery tooth are euident distinctions or hedges ordained in the substaunce of the bone Wheresore as we haue sayd before the manner of their situation in the iawes is named Gomphosis It is furthermore to be considered that the implantation of the téeth is not in one as an other sheweth For the Incissorie Dog téeth are simply rooted but the Grynders not so for they of the neither iawe haue two but the vpper commonly with iij. rootes are endewed sometime also though seldome the vpper haue foure and the neither iij. Those next vnto the Dog téeth I meane of the Grynders aboue may be foūd with two holes infired then there aunswerable mates below haue but one and those shorter then the other so that the superiour surmount the inferiour in the length and number of rootes because those are dependent these euer sitting in their Celles neither marueile though the hindmost Grinders haue shorter holdes then haue the rest consideryng that their vse and labour is lesse in Leuigatyng the meate or whatsoeuer is els receiued into the mouth But now to speake somewhat generally of all the téeth we say by the probable assertions of the best forewriters that from all other Bones to the partes of mans body appertinent the teeth do playnly differ iij. manner of wayes First in their hardnes which we haue somewhat touched before necessary to the Comminution of meate so be more expeditely done For the second difference I infer their sensibilitie wherein they excéede them most notably the whiche proppertie as we haue hereafter in our Historie of Nerues described they obtaine by the accesse of certaine Surcles from the thyrd coniugatiō of the Sinewes of the brayne disseminated Which créepyng in at the rootes of the téeth giue vnto their substaūce the worthy facultie of feelyng wheras other Bones admitte no portion of Nerues into them although diuers passe through them as some do through the Scull and Vertebres for the transsusion of sense into other partes Their sensibilitie notwithstandyng is not to be attributed to their vniuersall partes as those also that are already in sight and prominent forth of the Goummes for such places of the téeth Collumbus proueth by the testimony of his samiliar Iho. Baptista Mazzolarius to be voyde of sense and so much as is infixed within the Goummes to be perfect sensible by vertue of the Nerue extended to that region Wherfore their Assertions are odious and most lothsome to aunswere who fantastically fayne that all Bones are sensible or els the téeth also destitute of any feelyng as though it were asmuch requisite for the Solid partes of the body and such as no otherwise then the frame worke of a house do supporte the other members should retaine as delicate sense as other partes Organs of the body whose functions without the same were frustrate for who knoweth not as I haue also other where said how incōmodious a thing it were if the sense of féelyng should be imparted to the bones whilest so no man might endure halfe the vigour of his bodyes motion without intollerable payne in all partes Contrariwise who doteth so much as that he will not know the transfusion of sense into the téeth to be necessarily taken that thereby they might reueale vnto the common wittes eche outward or inward annoyaunce which might corrupt or destroye their propper substaunce either by eruption erosion heat or cold consideryng how needfull they are to susteine nature and how necessary to the comly fourme of the countenaunce And we sée it hapneth many tymes that they are ruined by such cruciable tormentes of Rheumaticke incursions or other like affectes that no Medicin may preuayle to procure the patiēts ease till the same dolorous tooth be extirped plucked vp by the rootes at which seperation and departyng from the sensible Surcles or twigges of the Sinewe aforesayd how paynfull it is I referre it to the sentence of them that haue tasted the bitternes therof And if any man will wilfully runne in such absurditie as that he will deny the insertiō of Nerues within the rootes of the téeth to be of nature ordained for any purpose let him still lye drownd in dreamyng doubtes till his senses be sopt in solitarie sobbes to pine in powting as the Poete feyneth the transformation of Crgnus into the shape of a Swanne for none are so obstinate as the ignoraunt the wise are alwayes consentyng vnto truth Wherfore this to them Galen who féelyng the smart sometyme him selfe alloweth in the téeth not onely dolour but also pulsation Whereto Realdus readely agréeyng professeth by publike dissection to haue rightly inuented the cause since to euery tooth not onely a Nerue but a Ueyne also and an Arterie are preferred so that by vertue of the sinewes the téeth féele by the commyng to of the Arterie they haue pulsation and by the felowshyp of the veyne are nourished whereby they continually encrease which maketh the last of the thrée differences whereby I distinguished the nature of the téeth from other bones That is to say that They are not onely nourished but also perpetually grow whereas the bones euer ceasse to enlarge after the consistence of yeares Whereof euery man is expert And accordyng to the sentence of Galen they augment and are nourished the space of forty and fiue yeares But in Lib. 5. de comp Med. secundum loca he sayth they encrease almost the whole terme of mans lyfe And thus much of the triple fourmed difference Now I will returne agayne to the peculiar properties of the téeth Among which it is worthy to be noted that all the rootes of the téeth are perforated and persed through into the Celles or Cauities within the sayd rootes which are very litle but most notable to cōprehend more aptly the partes wherby they are nourished for at these holes the teeth receiue both the Veyne Arterie and Sinew lately spoken of Which thrée vessels penetrate and pearse into that litle cauities and foundations of the téeth where they are complicate among them selues beget a certaine litle Membran whiche sometyme receiueth of the Rheumaticke matter that from the brayne distilleth which so oft inciteth the ingent dolours and tormentes of the teeth which seldome ceasse to perseuer with them as long as that Humor in the sayd Membran is deteyned or vntill of the Fluxion by purgyng the brayne the cause be aptly consumed Moreouer
bridge as I haue also compared it maketh vnderneth it a hole mete for the secure situation of the temporall Muscle There is in lyke sort one hole in the middle of the Anteriour part of the Palate mete in y liue nere to the Incissorie téeth where through not onely a Veyne but also an Arterie pearseth So also yeldeth way to the lettyng in of liquid humor fitte to humeâ—… and make moyste the Membran of the Palate which to that hole is bound after the fashion as Dura meÌ„brana is knit to a litle hole somwhat aboue the distaunce of Ithmoides In the extreme end of the Palate not farre from the hâ—…most téeth is found on 〈◊〉 side a hole in the fift bone which we call the fourth of the superiour iawe the whiche hole is produced into two sharpe corners admittyng together with a Veyne and Arterie a portion of the fourth coÌ„iugation of Nerues makyng the tunicle of the Palate to participate with the sense of tastyng Yet further the neither iawe which although it séemeth néedlesse to describe the maner of holes therein situate for asmuch as so particularly I haue touched them before in speakyng of the neither iawe I will neuerthemore thinke tyme euill spent to rehearse them agayne amongest the holes of the head because part in present occasion to be reuealed and part hidde should not souÌ„d aptly to a perfect description hath two holes on eche side those of the inner side beyng larger theÌ„ of the outer By which both Veynes Arteries and Nerues are sent to the singular rootes of the teeth with lyse nourishment and sense a portion of the which Nerue goeth out vnto the chinne and Muscles of the neither lippe by these two holes that be on the outer side mentioned to finde out the way of the which coniugation and portion transmitted to the temporall Muscle it behoueth to finde out the double hole in the foundation of the head in that part I meane of the seporall bone which is next vnto the Cuneall bone And in the hinder roote of the Processe Styloides is easily discerned a hole by which a Veyne and Arterie maketh entraunce to nourish the Organ of hearyng Nighe to the Mammillar Processe in the hinder part is a way for the commyng in of Veynes and Arteries which to nourish the Bones we account it no vayne seruice Besides all these notableholes and euident to be described for the most part let it not séeme tedious vnto you to coÌ„sider that in the head and scope of the scull are yet diuerse and sundry litle Perforations here and there disparcled which for there vnlike beyng and variable order it séemeth a thyng vnpossible to make of them direct description although it can not be denyde but their vses are exquisite for as touchyng the conuent of Veynes and Arteries within the inner scope and capacitie of the head and such as passe to the thicke Membran the lettyngs in and entrauÌ„ce by the saydholes as they are necessary so vnlyke almost in euery one It auayleth not much to remember vnto you the seates or Celles of the téeth sufficieÌ„tly discoursed before For not for the number of holes are made the lyke number of rootes in téeth but rather that nature for the nuÌ„ber of the téeth created the number of places agreable IT néedeth not to be doubted since the thyng is most certaine that as the frame of bones in man are excéedyng requisite to the supportyng of the members so are they no lesse acceptable to the insertion of Muscles Wherefore in the toung which nature created for so many good considerations beyng made of such soft fleshy substaunce it were expedient to haue effourmed fonie bone whereto most aptly the Muscles therof might be affixed and tyed as a ground worke or stabiliment to susteyne the whole worke Which prouident nature whose foresight in all thynges is vnspeakeable perpendyng and willyng to make a member so seruiceable indigent or néedfull of nothyng to maintaine the perpetuitie of his action infixed in the roote therof a bone not fashioned after any common proportion but so rare as that place required most notably Wherfore accordyng to the proportion therof so the Grecians haue named it that is to say for asmuch as not a litle it resembleth the figure of y Gréeke letter 〈◊〉 it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but with more contractioÌ„ of speach Hyoides It is not wantyng as Theophilus testifieth that some haue giuen it to name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 though the more iniuriously for truely it hath no such streitenes in any bought therof as appereth in the fashion of the Gréeke letter λ. but rather as Realdus Collumbus writeth thereof it may be compared to the nether iawe I will omit to speak of the diuers names which diuers Authors diuersly haue therof imagined and inuented and so as it may not vntustly be surmised the most of them neuer dissected the body of man but of beastes But to our purpose Nature as I haue sayd effourmed in such sorte this bone Hyoides that although it be situated to the iawes and Organ of voyce yet so that it giueth also frée scope vnto inspiration and to passage of substaunce both meate and drinke the middle Ossicle therof is connected and knit to an other greater Ossicle in the Anteriour part towardes the mouth where it ioyneth with a very Obâ—…use or blunt corner but the hinder part therof which is more inward and towards the iawes is hollow in reslected or bowed manner So aboue Gibbous but in the inferiour part hollow And thus are the partes thereto fixed as the Anteriour and Superiour part admitteth the insertion of the toung construct made of ij Muscles whose small differeÌ„ce is ended at a certaine Processe eminent in the vpper part of this bone about the middest of the bought therof but the hinder lower part of this bone beyng hollow and round bowed was for the purpose fitly forged to giue place to the openyng liftyng vp of the litle toung which as a doore or gate is seruiceable to Larinx for that cause called of the Greekes Epiglottis To the borders of the sides of the middle of this bone are annexed two other with two litle long Processes hauyng also extreme Appendances which with Ligaments are fast knit vnto the Superiour sides of Larinx froÌ„ which Processes no doubt spryng Muscles also seruyng to the motions of the toung Moreouer because the strength of this bone had not bene sufficient hauyng but this one single insertion to Larinx nature added two other Processes though not so large as those before described neare to which these together arise but in the vpper part where 〈◊〉 the greater Ossicle sited in the middest there it is ended For by these Processes is Os Hyoides fast knit vnto the Stilifourmed Processes procéedyng from the Temporall bone
rite or order in their exorture or begynnyng but some long some short some sclender some thicke some tendinous some fleshy and some shewyng the tendons mixt with slesh Agayne of the tendons of Muscles some be perforated some not others with one hole many with moe But heare perhapes so oft namyng this word Tendon some will be desirous to know what a tendon is which I haue no where hetherto declared Note therfore that a tendon is the white part in the Muscle beyng hard thicke and shynnyng and newly vncouered draweth the beholders into admiration of the fayre and pleasaunt fourme therof And although a teÌ„don be endued which much sense as dayly experience approueth vnto vs yet is if not the same matter as is a Nerue but differreth much for although the Nerue be white yet is it nothyng so hard as the tendon but rounder and not so shynnyng and beyng cut the body is endewed with many stryngs and clothed with a Membran as also beyng cut is very hard and Solid but the Nerue contrariwise Furthermore a Muscle eueÌ„ as lately we sayd is the Organ of voluntary mouyng brought vnto them by the benefite of Nerues and this power is geuen vnto the Nerues from the brayne which is the fouÌ„taine of féelyng and mouing as throughly in this our History of mans body is alledged and approued Although that renowmed Peripatecian Aristotle who in Anathomaticall assertions wandred wide sayth in his booke De somno vigilia that the hart is author of féelyng and mouyng in euery creature which is as certaine as that the hart is the fountaine of bloud also BUt to returne agayne it is most necessary that euery Muscle in consideration of his office haue a Nerue although that a small one and some tyme Nerues And here note that when we describe a Nerue caryed to a Muscle we meane not that it is brought neare vnto the Muscle neither yet to passe straight through the middest of it but such Nerues vnderstand to be disseminated and sowen through such Muscles substauÌ„ce Wherfore in that Vesalius would néedes affirme that there were some Muscles destitute both of the Ueyne Arterie and Nerue namely the foure square Muscle nighe the wrest which moueth Radius directly downward to know no â—…ewe at all Collumbus not vnworthely reproueth him in my â—…gement as one that hauyng sclender skill in this resisteth reason for sayth he I am certaine that in this Muscle is a Nerue as euident and perspicuous as in any other and not difficult at all to be found The like also he willeth to estéeme of that Muscle which maketh the broad tendon and of others that Uesalius excepteth Wherein he séemed rather willyng to deride Nature then to open his owne no obscure negligence BUt to prosecute the particular treatise of Muscles and to speake of them orderly let vs begyn with the face which is ment that whole space betwene the heare of the head and the chinne It is declared in the proper place how the fleshy Membra suâ—…ected vnder the skinne through out the body is somewhere encreased with fleshy Fibres and degenerateth as it were into a Musculous substaunce all whiche is now to be approued and verified in the skinne of the forehead which to be endewed with voluntary mouyng who doubteth to be néedefull For the eyes open largely by drawyng vpward the browes and that when the partie at one instant desireth to sée many thynges and do shut agayne by the constrainyng and bindyng together of all the partes circumiacent To both those vses therfore nature hath bestowed voluntary mouyng ech where on the skinne both aboue in the forehead and beneath in the cheekes to the end that sometyme by extension and stretching otherwhiles by replication and enfoldyng therof within it selfe the eyes may both open and shut which that it might be done because no part without Muscle hath voluntary mouyng by Natures benefite the substaunce beyng vnder the skinne of the forehead and nose is made Musculous For the fleshy MembraÌ„ as is sayd beyng here made Musculous is also encreased whiche very many fleshy Fibres and store of braunching sinewes lent froÌ„ the brayne as is not obscurely taught in the History of the Nerues Furthermore this Membran of the nose and forhead is to the skinne more fast and holding without the interuenture of any fat or very small then in any other part of the body so that it seemeth as if the Membran skinne there were made one body Which is so put into the mindes of some Anathomistes that they suppose the skinne of the forehead to be of carneous and Musculous substaunce and the seruyng Muscles to those partes are many First ij sited in the forehead rising from the superiour part doe end in the inferiour part in the common seame that seuereth the bones of the head from the Bones of the vpper iawe Moreouer the Fibres of that Musculous stocke mutually lying to the sides that is from the toppe of the nose to the middest of the forehead that consisteth betwene the first rootes of the heares and the eye browes and vnto the sides therfore of this place they séeme more fleshy all runnyng vpward sayth Uesalius with a straight pathe except a very fewe that chuse an oblique rase But here I marueile how he was deceiued for Collumbus hath agaynst him these wordes The Fibres of these Muscles are no where straight as Vesalius holdeth but oblique that is to say from the toppe of the nose towardes the temples and their action is to lift vp eye browes although neither Galen so well deseruyng in the Art of Medicine nor yet Vesalius in our tyme a man of great name in the Art of dissectyng neither any that write before me haue acknowledged it Who if they had vsed greater viligence might as easely also haue found it These ij Muscles occupy the whole forhead and as much of the temporall Muscles as how much they obliquely asseÌ„de beside the middest of the forehead where we contract and wrinckle the skinne as oft as we are much styrred to anger or sodaine admiration and that so much in some men as that the eye browes séeme mutually to touche together Whiche contraction of the forehead might by no meanes be if there were but one Muscle onely For the more perspicuous proofe wherof Collumbus maketh mention of a certaine Cardinall in whose forehead these Muscles might euidently bene sene of which the least sufferyng coÌ„uulsion by the meanes of a wounde halfe of the forehead moued the other halfe refused But lettyng this passe let eche man iudge accordyng to truth and reason since it is aptly to be found without any great a do For if you take away the whole skin of the forehead in the middest of the forehead you shall sée no Muscle but in the toppe of the nose where the right
vppermost dilated Of the Muscles of the brest the first two that come to hand that is on ech side one are produced in the begynnyng from the inferiour part of the Cannell bone and with a long end are inserted to the superiour part of the first ribbe whiche they serue to dilate The secend Muscle is great broad and all fleshy beginnyng at the seate of the scapple bone and goyng betwene it and the ribbes is inserted in the first second thyrd fourth fift sixt seuenth and eight ribbe and somewhat to the ix neare vnto the borders of the Cartilages The endes of this Muscle are lyke vnto fingers and was made to dilate these viij ribbes The thyrd is a small one commyng from the Spine partes of the thrée last Vertebres of the neck and first of the brest in the begynnyng broad and Membraneous but endeth at the first ribbe of the brest and sometyme in the posteriour part of the fourth And thus was it made of nature to dilate those ribbes The iiij Muscle is also small and iiij square brought from the Spine of the ij last Vertebres of the brest And sometyme froÌ„ the first of the loynes In the beginning it is broad sinewy Membraneous but after becommeth fleshy endeth in the iij. last ribbes after the maner of fingers so can they dilate those ribbes The fift carneous riseth from the hynder and vpper part of Os sacrum and from the inner part of Ilium cleaning so fast to the second Muscle of the backe as it may be thought a portion therof Neuerthelesse when it commeth to the ribbes it sheweth playnly it selfe to be diuerse from the Muscle of the backe The higher it ascendeth the slender it waxeth beyng at length inserted by the stay of sinewy holdes to all the ribbes in the posteriour part not far from the transuerse Processes of the Vertebres where the ribbes haue their eminent asperittes These partes constraine and bynde together the hinder partes of the brest The sixt is put within the hollow of the brest all after Sternon and the viij Cartilages of the true ribbes it is fleshy long and but small to this vse ordayned that is to straiten the anterionr partes of the brest AFter followe the intercostall Muscles so called because they occupy and possesse the space places betwene the ribbes and are one ech side foure and thirtie For the spaces be xi vj. of the true ribbes and fiue of the false ribbes ij in the spaces of these and foure in euery one of those This differeÌ„ce makes that the Cartilages may be turned towardes the brest In these Muscles the course of the Fibres is turned For the outer and inner haue obligue Fibres but in contrary sort for the outer and inner make together the figure of this letter X. The begynning of the exteriour Muscles is from the lower part of the ribbes and end in the vpper partes of the next followyng so that begynnyng towardes the backe they end at length in the brest bone But the inner begyn from the vpper part of the lower ribbes and end at the nether part of the superiour ribbes The Fibres of the exteriour Muscles procéede froÌ„ the backe slopwise towardes the brest as it were from aboue descendyng but in contrary maner be the Fibres of the interiour Muscles so that they ioyne and méete together like crosses Uesalius hath written that Nature made these xxxiiij Intercostall muscles on ether side and all to one end and straitnyng of the brest But for that he goeth not vntouched of Collumbus who proueth how also they can dilâ—… the brest that is when ether the interiour or exteriour separately worke alone But in déede when all moue at once then they coact and make straite the brest strongly For the exteriour pull vpwardes and the interiour downewardes so drawyng and constrainyng them very hard together For so ought the force of constriction to be strong beyng oft forcebly put in vre by sodaine efflation spéech and vociferation The same Authour inferreth also by what meanes Uesalius was deceiued For sayth he he supposed in this motion that the first ribbe remaineth not moued But the matter is playnly otherwise For it is styrred by the first Muscle of the brest which springeth from the Cannell bone so that when it is lifted vp it draweth the ribbes after in order whereto the Intercostall muscles are assistaunt and so they are outward extended the exteriour Muscles helpyng them but downeward contrarily by the helpe of the inferiours For because the last ribbe is drawne downward by the oblique ascendent Muscle of Abdomen And after this order aforesayd they are dilated Notwithstandyng when that both do worke together that is the outer and inner then followeth construction of theÌ„ brest generally as somewhat before is written THere is yet an other Muscle common to both sides which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Septum transuersum This deuideth the vitall from the naturall partes Aristotle beleued this diuision to be made of nature to the end that the vapors of meates and substaunce receiued might not ascend vp by fumes to the hart and annoy the same But that opinion is altogether ouerthrowne by Collumbus For as touchyng that matter if Septum transuersum were away it forceth not since the meate hath a close entraunce and passage into the Uentricle neither may it by any meanes send or let passe vapors to the hart for the substaunce of the stomacke is not so light and Spongy Agayne if it might it appeareth the hart should not be offended at all thereby seyng for proofe in byrdes and diuers creatures it is naturally wantyng But to the purpose This Muscle differeth from all other in the body both in situation forme and noblenes In situatioÌ„ as lying ouerthwarte the lower part of the brest In figure beyng round compassed hauyng in the middest a sinewy tendon compassed about with fleshy partes and dispersed with Fibres from the middest round about as a thyng most comely to behold the noblenes thereof is such as beyng wounded the partie seldome or hardly escapeth And it is sayd that the auncient Anathomistes and Grecians called it ' Phrenes whiche is by interpretation the mynde Plinie and others after him named it 〈◊〉 But besides the sinewy tendon which before we haue spoken of and whereby it is partaker of much sense it possesseth also both Ueynes and Arteries those not small but large No lesse moreouer obtaineth it the sortes of diuers Nerues whiche betwene the spaces of the ribbes do come vnto it from the Spinall marey Among y which are 〈◊〉 coÌ„myng downe from betwene the fourth and fift Spondill of the necke are sowen aboue Perâ—…rdium where the fleshy part of Septum doth degenerate into a Teâ—…on or rather where the tendon endeth at a fleshy nature â—…uchsius not in vayne as it séemeth
comprehendeth all the veynes of the body within the number of iiij as the rootes of all the rest That is one procéedyng from the hollow seat of the liuer and runneth into the vessicle of choler into to the ventricle into the splene Mesenterium and Omentum The second of the Gibbous part of the liuer into the rest of the body the lunges onely excepted and is dispersed with an innumerable part of braunches The thyrd from the right ventricle of the hart is spread into the lunges onely that veyne maketh this peculiar chalenge because it consisteth of the body of Arteries to be called Arterialis The fourth is produced from the Nauell into the liuer and onely serueth to the nourishment of the infant From these all other veynes that wander vp and downe in mans body are mutually deriued and take their begynnynges And this is the end of Ueynes THe bleddar that is the receptacle of yellow choler and called of some Cislis Fellis of others though more rudely the Gall or purse of citrin choler hath his seate in the hâ—…llow side of the liuer For on what side the liuer amplecteth the right side of the ventricle there is a cauitie engrauen exquisitely agréeyng to the middle portioÌ„ of the gall And to that cauitie the middle superiour portion of the same vessicle after the length therof groweth but the inferiour part of it without the substaunce of the liuer hangeth downward It is in fourme long and round by litle and litle downe to the point of the bottome therof like a certaine loÌ„g fashioned peare enlargyng so that with a narrow mouth more ample bottom it coÌ„sisteth For it being required that the rest of the body therof should be large capable because it could not be made exactly round as a globe the cauitie is after the loÌ„gitude therof augmeÌ„ted therfore nether asfected with any incoÌ„moditie by the stomach nor ouermuch insinuated in the liuer But that being emptied it might flat or shrinke in like as by filling extend it is constitute of Membranous and sinewy substaunce consistyng of one simple and peculiar coate thinne but hard and firme enterwouen with three fold maner of Fibres The straight be inmost the next are the oblique but fewer then the straight the outmost are the orbicular or transuerse Fibres To this tunicle of the gall is lent an other from the coate of the liuer not to the whole vessicle but to that part onely that hangeth without the body of the liuer whiche alone néedeth it for an inuolucre and propugnacle This vessicle although it growe in déede to the liuer the shoppe of sanguification notwithstandyng it taketh vnto it ij very small veynes from the stocke of Uena porta in that order diffused into his coate as we sée the litle veynes scattered into the adherent or white tunicle of the eye Also from the Arterie reached out to the hollow of the liuer a very smal braunch is offred out to the same wandryng eÌ„uen to the very extreme part of the bottome therof Neither is the same destitute of sinewy relief lest likewise of sense it should be frustrate For the Nerue of the liuer beyng lead by the lower Membran of OmeÌ„tum and brought from the right side or stocke of the vj. payre of sinewes of the brayne reached out to the rootes of the ribbes deliuereth forth a surcle to this vessicle in leane bodyes almost no lesse euident then the Arterie The wayes of this vessicle made to receiue and put forth are thus The necke of the vessicle somewhat harder then the bottome endeth by litle and litle at a streete porie passage at that part of the liuer whence Uena porta taketh his begynnyng Whether when it is come it deuideth into two Processes one reachyng vpward the other downeward That which is caried vpward lyeng to the Anteriour side of Vena porta ascendeth into the liuer and therein beyng in two partes dissected reacheth one to the right side the other to the left Euery of these also in the liuer are digested into other surcles and those agayne into others vntill they haue constituted an innumerable order of braunches through the body of the liuer betwene the armes of Vena porta and Caua diffused And these are the surcles or braunches by whose labour choler is drawne into this vessicle But the Processe of that way of the vessicle which reacheth downward vnderset with the inferiour Membran of Omentum hasteneth downe somewhat obliquely and is implanted to Duodenum not farre from the begynnyng of Ieiunum nay to the begynnyng of Ieiunum sayth Collumbus This Processe wherof before is made mention carieth choler expulsed from the vessicle into the intrels in the meane tyme neither admittyng any of their iuyce or windyncs nor any of the choler to regurgitate backe agayne because they haue into the intrell not onely a writhyng entrauÌ„ce but it is brought to passe by the benefite of two Membrans stackly set to the sides of the Orifice lightly yeldyng way to the waight of choler rushyng in as also wholly inhibityng the returne therof into the passage agâ—…yne But the same passage inserted to the gutte is for the most part 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in very few two or deuided Wherefore there is ouer playne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 MuÌ„dinus Ualescus Carpus with others of that Arabia seâ—… were exceâ—…gly 〈◊〉 deceiued who affirmed that nature coÌ„tinually had assigned y. wayes for the vomittyng forth of choler from his vessicle as one to the intrels an other to the veutricle For if choler should so haue recourse vnto the ventricle the same should by the bityng therof as Gal. 5. vs partium affirmeth perpetually prouoke or rather compell the ventricle to auoyde the meate nether should it so much vse the retentiue facultie as whilest the meat were concosted Vesalius confesseth he neuer saw it in all his tyme but in one onely man who in diuers other organs and specially about the ribbes and Muscles of the brest as he varied from the workemanshyp of other bodyes so had he one passage also of choler that visited the ventricle beyng a man of state and temperature of body hoate and dry Realdus Collumbus neuer fouÌ„d it although he protesreth him very often diligently to haue searched for the same But he denieth not wheÌ„ there is great abouÌ„daunce of the same yellow choler that it accustometh to regurgitate belche vp to the Uentricle albeit the same is agaynst nature not accordyng to Nature Contrariwise nothyng resisteth the incourse therof into the intrels since there the gift therof is notable cuttyng purgyng and wipyng away all grosse flegme or vnprofitable humours heaped in those small passages Furthermore by styrring and bittyng prouoketh their proppertie to a finall extrusion of the excrementes And it selfe also together with the excrementes yeldyng no hurt when as in
anteriour after one order and course produceth now sixe now seuen and sometyme also moe braâ—…nches of equall thicknes in which this anteriour part of the Membraneous body or first cauitie is finished These present braunches after the anteriour part of the kidney one equally accordyng to the fourme therof departyng from an other do hasten towardes the outside of the same yet not to the outer face of the hauyng this peculiar gift vnto it selfe that in the highest part of the bottom therof and where it goeth into a necke for the emplantation and explantation of certaine passages it is made harder and thicker No coate in all the body sayth Vesalius more exactly sheweth the iij. Kindes of Fibres then doth the bleddar beyng blowne vp For the straight are the inmoâ—… the transuerse the outmost and oblique the middlemost through which the bleddar purchaseth expulsion retention and attraction Hard and thicke ought to be the coate of the bleddar because of necessitie it must reach forth to so great a quantitie as also be subiect to vlcerations stones sharpnes of Urine and such kynde of euils which vnlesse it were hard would easely teare eate through and perforate the same It hath an other thicke and strong inuoluâ—…re giuen from Peritonaeum and this is called the second coate of the bleddar This Peritonaeum offrâ—…th vnto it where aboue Os pubis the bottome of the bleddar and all the Anteriour region thereof cleaueth thereunto But the posteriour side of the bleddar respectyng the straight gutte is smooth and slippery annoynted with a watrish humor But sithens the Urine in the bleddar is vnapt for nutrition nature right well distributed thereunto veynes and Arteries wherewith his heate might be maintained And first she hath deriued on both sides of the necke of the bleddar one veyne and one Arterie from the braunches of Caua vena and magna Arteria through the hole in Os pubis goyng downe to the legge which thence ascendyng after the length of the body of the bleddar are wasted into a sort of small twistes and hearelike surcles Of Nerues nether is the bleddar destitute For albeit that Urine with a certaine familiar substaunce no lesse then choler into his propper vessicle willyngly floweth nether whilest it is naturall is any thyng at all iniured thereby sometyme notwithstanding so much â—…holericke excrement is mixed therewith whereby it becommeth so sharpe and bityng that vnlesse the bleddar by sense could iudge the qualitie of Urine in retainyng the same long it should be greuously affected Therfore amongest the other partes of the body the bleddar obtaineth not the least Nerues onely for the sense of touchyng reached from the braunches of the vj. payre lent out to the rootes of ribbes as also from the lower payres produced from the spinall marey Beside these vesselles and Nerues out of the higher part and middest of the bottome of the bleddar a way springeth that is to say infantes whilest they yet are in the mothers wombe called Urachos which goyng forth at the nauell and through the innermost inuolucre is the passage whereby the Urine is conuayed from the child whiche after it is brought forth to light serueth no more to any vse but beyng bound to the nauell susteineth the bleddar So also to the sides of the bleddar 〈◊〉 Arteries are attendaunt transportyng to the infant vitall breth which afterward no lesse then the sayd way of Urine dry vp and become vnprofitable Moreouer into the lower seate of the bleddar beside the veynes Nerues and arteries into the hollow therof two others passages are inserted deducyng Urine from the reynes called Vreteres Nether were they rashly deuised of nature For when the reynes as most behouefull must be placed neare vnto the liuer but contrarywise the bleddar in a lower region it was necessary that certaine passages were made whereby to conuay the vrine out of the reynes into the bleddar those nature effourmed very like vnto the body of reynes For they consist of one simple coate a litle harder then the coate of the veynes and enterwouen with fewer oblique Fibres For so they are made more apt to beare out iniuries and both easie to stretch out as also to yeld agayne and the oblique Fibres do nothyng hinder whereby the Urine should not swiftly passe into the bleddar These are explanted from the second cauitie or cell in the kidneys leadyng theÌ„ through the middest of the first cauitie hence beyng extended to Peritonaeum aboue the Muscles of the loynes securely créepe downeward to the bleddar In their progresse they growe to Peritonaeum and by gettyng from hym certaine Fibres take on them an other coate enter wouen with litle veynes and Arteries as is Peritonaeum These by the way are very litle anfractuous or turned For out of the cauitie of the kidneys they are downeward a litle towardes the inner partes deduced the better to come vnto the bleddar But lest they should hang and not firmely be inserted to the bleddar or should make ouer crooked a way to it they are not emplanted to the highest part thereof out of whiche proceedeth the way for the Urine of the infant to the nauell as before is said but that side of the bleddar which is nearer to the posteriour region of Peritonaeum to the which these vessels in all their progresse securely grow But the region where first on ech side these pores take hold is in the posteriour part of the bleddar a litle before the necke and penetratyng the coate of the bleddar that sprong from Peritonaeum with an oblique anfract or turne at length pearsing the other coate do open and enter into the hollow of the bleddar in like order as the passage of choler is inserted to Ieiunum that is to say with lose or slacke Membrans on both sides set to the hole of the passages or pores from the body of the bleddar appendaunt like as if to the inner coate of the bleddar such thinne Processes there should growe The vse of these is aunswerable to the office of the Membranous Processes growyng to the way that leadeth choler that is to say they giue place vnto the Uriue flowyng out of the pores into the bleddar and whilest the bleddar beyng distended is willyng to regurgitate the same into the wayes agayne these gathered together and stuffing the pores wholly inhibite the returne of the Urine Whiche worke so effectually they bryng to passe as that by them no ayre at all may issue out notwithstandyng that the bleddar be filled with wynde as Galen aboundantly teacheth Lib. 5. de vsu partiuÌ„ And that the same oblique goyng in of the insertion of the pores serueth to the same vse the blowyng vp of the bleddar exquisitely sheweth The same experience we dayly sée in bellowes for by the hole
whiche erection of the yard is made whiche thyng neither hath any man noted vnto vs but Collumbus The remnaunt of these Arteries is dispersed through those Muscles whiche are put in the inside of the thighe but they passe not the knée From those Arteries whiche the bleddar receiueth others also are purchased whiche beyng brought to the inner part of Os sacrum through whose holes they tend both to the same and to the Spinall marey but without to the Muscles seruyng the thighe Lyke as also from the great diuision of the Arterie some issue forth whiche with vitall bloud do nourishe the Muscles of the thighe whiche are within the belly situated But of those Arteries whiche after Os sacrum and Coccix do descend some together with certaine Ueynes of Vena caua do flowe to the Muscles called Sphincter the whiche Arteries may also be called Hemorroides Moreouer out of the great diuision of the great Arterie two other Arteries spryng whiche are reflected vpwardes and passing through Peritonaeum do ascend vnder the straight Muscles aboue the nauell and in many braunches are ended among the Muscles of Abdomen In this diuision two Arteries called Vmbelicales are set downe whiche are the first Arteries that in the infant are begotten For after that they make apparaunce from the Nauell they marche through Peritonaeum in what place it is double vnto the sides of the bleddar and doe begette these Arteries of whiche somewhat before is sayd But after the begynnyng of the Vmbelicall Arteries the hart it selfe is begotten but to returne agayne to the Vmbelicall Arteries for of any such partes I determine not further to speake These after our bodyes are brought to light are dryed vp and vsurpe the office of two Ligamentes But furthermore the two armes of the great trunke whiche are caried downe into the legges passe vnder the fift Muscle of the loynes bowyng the thigh and goyng forth towardes Abdomen aboue Os Ilium and Pubis are ioyned in fellowshyp with the inner veynes of this place whiche marche among the Muscles And like as those veynes are deuided so in lyke sorte we sée these Arteries to all the Muscles of the legge foote toes and their extremities disparcled Finally they commend their force by braunches to the Glandules of the flanke to the purse of the Testicles and vnder the skinne to the yard Now diligent Reader note that not the Bones them selues are destitute of Arteries least so they should lacke vitall warmth also without which no part in the body lyueth ⧠Of the History of Man the viij Booke of the brayne and Instrumentes seruyng to the Animall function SIthens to the explication of the whole History of Anathoinie there yet wanteth the fountaine of senses and voluntary mouyng seate of the principall part of lyfe by whose benefite we imagine reason and commit to memory this present booke beyng consecrated to that end shal entreate of the brayne and his vniuersall partes with the instrumentes of sense Like as therefore the substaunce of the hart is endued with vitall force and the proper flesh of the liuer with the naturall facultie of life moreouer as the liuer maketh the thicker bloud and that which is calaginous naturall spirite at least if there be any and the hart doth confect mixe with vitall spirite the bloud runnyng throughout the body And like as the bowels through the conduites to them dedicated do deriue their matters to the relief of all the partes of the body so also the brayne obtainyng sit matter to his office by instrumentes in proper seates and fitly ministryng to his function doth beget the Animall spirite beyng farre the thinnest and most excellent which partly it vseth to the deuine sunâ—…ioÌ„s of the principall part of life distributyng part to the instrumentés of sâ—…lyng and mouyng continually by the Nerues neuer leauyng the destitute of spirite which of the action of those instrumentes is supposed chief author No lesse the liuer hart doe fustrate no partes in the body so long as man is in health of those matters due from them although not alway in like store and qualitie THe Nerues therefore whose originall to depend vpon the brayne we shall shortly declare owe thereto like seruice as the great Arterie to the harâ—…es and the hollow veyne to the liuer For in lyke sort they deduce the prepared spirite from the brayne to those instrumentes to which it is continually owyng by natures commaundement beyng therfore rightly iudged the diligent messengers and garders of the brayne Which as it is the most excellent of all the partes and members in man so is it most safely enclosed stately constituted hauyng the supremacie of all the members of the body And although Aristotle imagined not that to be contayned in the brayne and his facultie as is in déede and therefore rashly assigned the constitution therof to the coolyng of the hart and that the hart should be the author of bloud and sense yet it is most certainly otherwise and his opinion therein easely refelled For as in the hart the spirite is made vitall and in the liuer naturall bloud is forged to the whole body so in the brayne is created animall power the most noble and 〈◊〉 propertie in the whole body as it is a part most excellent os all others What soeuer therfore some haue inserted to the contrary Reuldus Collumbus by â—…ue notable reasons proueth it chief and supreme of all other member partes and offices in the body First is in consideration of the noblenes of the brayne his situation which apertly sheweth the principalitie therof aboue all other members for asmuch as it possesseth the 〈◊〉 part of the body and strongest tower from all iniuries The second is the â—…gure thereof which is round and partly long but more râ—…e then long the whiche figure is rashely made no where of Nature the noble Architecte The 〈◊〉 reason that moueth 〈◊〉 thereto is to behold the strong munimentes and straunge defences and couerynges thereto appertainyng as first the heare then the skiune which there is thickest what soeuer Aristotle saith then a certaine fatnes nert Membrana carnea Pericranion Periosteon Afterwardes the strongest of all beyng the Scull which is no doubt a notable fort to the noblenes of the brayne But this is not all for vnder the Scull are contained two couerynges or nearer enclosures one distaunt from an other made also for the safetie of the brayne Those Bones of the head as in the History of Bones is largely declared are so worthely closed and seamed together that they can not be separated nor the brayne hurt without excéedyng violence Whereof contrarywise to the hart appertaineth no such defeÌ„ce forbetwene the spaces of the ribbes an instrumeÌ„t moued with small force may intercept the office and function therof Wherfore it playnly appeareth that nature was more carefull in constituting
they passe they are onely bewrapped with the thinne Membran but from thence to the eye in which they end and make the aforesayd Membra called Retina in that space I say they are enwrapped both with the 〈◊〉 and also the hard Membrans These are called Nerui 〈◊〉 that is the visible sinewes that because they bryng the vertue visible vnto the eyes They do consist of a spongy substaunce of the brayne but not manifestly replete with pores as some say yet not to be denied since their substauÌ„ce is both rare and also soft but that they prepare passage for the purest spirites And thus much of the first payre of sinewes The secoÌ„d payre of sine was is brought through their propper holes through a rift or chinke of the roundell of the eye to the fiue Muscles seruyng to the eye and to these two that open the eyelid besides that they send yet further in some a braunche into the temporall Muscle whereby in déede many tymes it happeneth that by the hurt of the Muscle of the temple the eye also is hurt as it were by consent and so agayne on the contrary part The thyrd payre of sinewes rising more backwardes as it were sidewayes hath two begyunynges wherof the one is greater the other lesser this payre perseth the scalpe and discendyng downe wardes by the same hole which is not onely coÌ„mon to this but likewise to the fourth coniugation of sinewes is cut into many brauuches whose distribution therfore is very diuerse For the one braunche crâ—…peth to the temporall Muscle the other to the roundell of the eye and through the eyebrow to the forehead as also to the Muscle that closeth the eyelidde likewise to the Muscle that delateth the nose and to the nose besides procreateth an infinite nomber of brauÌ„ches An other braunche of this thyrd coniugation of Nerues taketh also the way through the roundell of the eye but lower It passeth downewardes by the thyrd bone of the vpper iawe through that hole whiche is placed about the middle part of the face as shall readely ariue in the porte of remembraunce by readyng the description of bones to the which place when thus as I said it hath brought it selfe it is there further deuided into many sinewes which sowe them selues among the partes of the vpper lippe through the Muscle named Massetera and among the Muscles of the chéeke of whiche small sinewes also a part enter the cauitie or hollow of the nose An other brauÌ„che fléeth to the rootes of the vpper téeth an other descendeth the neither iawe wherof a portion in like sort is distributed to the rootes of the lower téeth Such store of theÌ„ as remaineth besides these now spoken of coast about the coÌ„passe of the chinne nether leauyng the lower lippe voyde or destitute of sense The iiij payre of nerues ariseth so neare vnto the 3. that the originall of them séemeth a portion of the thyrd But it is lesse then the thyrd wherewith it desceÌ„deth towardes the mouth is cut into iiij seueral brauÌ„ches which passe through the holes of the v. bone of the vpper iaw thence march forewardes through the tunicle of the palate towardes the forepartes Besides these other two litle brauÌ„ches descende vnto the Processes called Stiloides so to the rootes of the toung beyng distributed through the vpper coate therof And the distributioÌ„ of these brauÌ„ches to these last recited partes are to make perfect the organ of tast Which gift and office though some Anathomistes not of the playner sort haue ascribed to the thyrd payre of sinewes which might happen through the vicinitie of the iij. with the fourth it shal be to me no cause of stay in this my present pilgrimage The fift payre of sinewes rising at the same seate or grounde of the brayne and on the laterall part about the middest entereth the blynd bone laberinthe sited in the temporall bone which laberinth beyng in the history of bones playnly described endeth at the eares So when it is come halfe way within this laberinthe becoÌ„meth thicker doth not onely coÌ„stitute a meÌ„braÌ„ This I say is y hollow which we haue described more diligeÌ„tly in the history of bones wherein the iij. litle bones so meruailously seruing to the gift of hearyng are meÌ„tioned The one of which iij. no Anathomist as yet saue Realdus ColluÌ„bus hath declared nether I thinke fouÌ„d To the sharpe Processe of the litle bone which is like the similitude of y thighe a litle nerue endeth deriued froÌ„ this v. payre aforesayd froÌ„ which a litle writheÌ„ sinew issueth into this laberinthe but it goeth forth through y hole of the teÌ„porall bone which is placed at the rootes of the aforenamed Styloides This litle nerue is towardes y forepart reflected like a serpeÌ„t entreth into y teÌ„poral Muscle In y same place an other litle nerue is fouÌ„d which is it selfe wrethed also The vj. payre of sinewes is at the posteriour seate of the brayne or more backward discerned hauyng diuers braunches or rootes and as Galen sayth by how much the nearer they spryng to the Spinall marey by so much they are also the harder This payre descendeth through the hole that is sited betwene the bone of the hinder part of the head and the teÌ„porall bone in place where the inner Ueyne Iugularis ascendeth to the Scull The vj. payre of sinewes is at the posteriour seate of the brayne or more backward discerned hauyng diuers braunches or rootes And as Galen sayth by how much the nearer they spring to the Spinall marey by somuch they are also the harder This payre descendeth through the hole that is sited betwene the Bone of the hinder part of the head and the temporall bone in place where the inner Ueyne Iugularis ascendeth to the Scull This vj. coniugation is diuersely distributed for it carieth sense not onely to all the partes within the breast contained but stretcheth further and visiteth all the bowels of Abdomen After that the right Nerue of this vj. payre is gone out of the place aboue named it sendeth certaine brauÌ„ches to the Muscles of Hioides and to some of the Muscles of Larinx then it descendeth betwene Vena Iugularis and the Arterie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nigh the rough Arterie euen to the Canell bone In the region wherof is sent a litle sinew vnder the right Axillaris Arteria which after is reflected towardes the head and cleaueth to the sides of the rough arterie insâ—…nuatyng it selfe into the cauitie of Larinx and at length in the formall instrumeÌ„t of voyce named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is implaÌ„ted And this is the true brief description of the right recurrent or reuersiue Nerue But agayne vnder the regioÌ„ of the Canâ—…ll bone it sendeth forth a litle brauÌ„ch which runneth not onely to the pannicle Pleura whiche I haue sufficiently
discoursed among the spirituall members but likewise to the rootes of the ribbes agayne sendyng an other litle Nerue to the right side of the lunges the rest discendeth beyng fastned to Aesophagus downe to the vpper Orifice of the ventricle THe left recurrent Nerue departyng from the place where it begynneth yeldeth litle braunches vnto the same Muscles that the right did and descendeth likewise in the same sort and in the region of the left Canell bone sendeth brauÌ„ches to the pannicle Pleura to the rootes of the ribbes and to the left side of the lunges Then further discendeth till it almost touch the greater braunche of the Arterie Aorta In which place it sendeth forth a Nerue which vnder this Arterie is restâ—…ed and after turneth it selfe agayne vpwardes towardes his originall and fountaine cleauyng as by the right is sayd to Aspera arteria thence forth entryng in betwene the Bone that is not named and that which representeth a shield in the inner part of Larinx and so entreth into the organ of voyce These are the noble Nerues which sayth Galen are endewed with the vertue of fourmyng the speach and are besides therfore called Vocales nerui Whose offices and vses are to much neglected to litle amongest other thyngs knowen for although few in comparison of the rest suppose in them to be conteined the propper power of vocall vertue yet to their great admiration if they willyngly dissect a liuyng dogge they shall proue it playne and very truth for by diuidyng one of them you shall finde him maimed of his voyce but hurt them both in that order and he shal be domme for euer after To this I must néedes subscribe for often haue I of purpose proued it beyng so playne and a part to all that behold it as that no doubtfull question can grow therof Notwithstandyng that some will scarse beleue their owne eyes Galen was the first that inuented these reuersiue nerues albeit he could not satisfie him selfe in the reason wherefore nature did not conuert the left recurrent nerue to the left Axillaris Arteria when as from the left recurrent sinewe an other litle 〈◊〉 spryngeth which followyng the rootes of the great Arterie is distributed through the coate of the hart but pearseth not the substaunce thereof for the litlenes of it And this is sayth Collumbus the true cause why nature reflected the left reuâ—…ue nerue vnder the great Arterie and not vnder the Arterie of the armehole on that side as the right reuersiue nerue is sayd to haue done on the other side Whereat I sayd Galen stode much amased neither could sufficiently satisfie him selfe in the reason therof as appeareth in his vij booke De vsu partium But by this it séemeth that nature aswell as to create these notable partes had care to place them from all easie annoyances as appeareth by this nerue lately recited which is otherwise reflected then the right recurrent least it beyng so very 〈◊〉 in the mouynges of the hart so continually should happen in the tyme of breathyng to be broken What portion that remaineth of this recurrent nerue descendeth along Aesâ—…gus downe to the vpper Orifice of the Uentricle But assoone as the right 〈◊〉 nerue and the leâ—… are come to the same vpper Orifice of the Uentricle they are straight way deuided into many litle Nerues like nettes and thus do imbrace the vpper Orifice aforesayd Which are the cause in griefes paynes of the mouth of the ventricle that the hart it selfe is thought to ake And this disease is called Cardiacus dolor Then agayne the right from this part departyng stretcheth forth to the Membran that inuolueth the liuer and an other part also to the vessicle of choler an other to the left kidney and to the vpper part of OmeÌ„tum Besides all the brauÌ„ches that it committes to Mesenterium After the same maner the left recurrent nerue is braunched to the splene to the neither part of Omentum to the left reyne and to the bladder And in men thus end the recurrent nerues But in women after all these places they passe further vnto the wombe or matrice NOw to describe the vij payre or coniugation of sinewes whose rising is more toward the hinder part of the head but from the brayne not from Cerebellum as Galen would with many small rootes whereto is dedicated a proper hole sited after an oblique maner in the aforesayd part or Occiput through which assoone as this hath made egresse it sheweth it selfe first towardes the Anteriour partes and into many Nerues delated to the Muscles of the toung Hioides and Larinx is deuided Of which the greater runneth vnder the nether iawe and so vnder the toung to the extreme end thereof to make it partaker of sense and mouyng vniuersally But the fourth payre as we haue sayd before is it that bringes the sense of tastyng to the toung and the toung therfore is sayd amongest other giftes to haue the discreÌ„tion of tastyng These vij payre or coniugation of Nerues are all that are remeÌ„bred either of the auncient or later Anathomistes as touchyng the sinewes coniugated froÌ„ the brayne yet Vesalius séemed to smell an other sayth Collumbus but whether it were for that he would not go aside from auncient authorities or otherwise it is not knowne he coÌ„cluded at length that it was in his iudgement the roote of the fift coniugation But Collumbus doubteth not that vnder the seate or foundation of the brayne towardes the fore partes goeth an viij payre which through a proper hole in the bone Sphenoides passeth to the temporall Muscles to the Muscle lurkyng in the mouth called therfore of Galen Latitans and to the thyrd Muscle also of the nether iawe called Masseteres the originall of this beyng distant froÌ„ the fift payre of sinewes sufficient inough BEsides all which we haue hitherto yet sayd in declaryng the originall and distribution of the vij payre of sinewes procéedyng from the brayne and besides also the viij and last spoken of you shall heare the opinion of Realdus who by his often search and diligence doubteth not to proue a ix payre or coniugation of nerues which no man before his tyme euer write or inuented And this is sayth he a slender payre begynnyng at those two foldes or two together Processes of the brayne called Nates Penes Testes These beyng thinne and small walke towardes the face and passe also to the secoÌ„d payre and are scattered into the thyrd Muscle of the eye liddes fitly also braunchyng out to the fift Muscle of the eye In déede as he doubteth lest some or most will not admit his late inuention of these two last payre of Nerues but holdyng them selues more stedfast to the fame of authorities will rather accompt them as the rootes of others so he professeth not to contende therein neither will we pretermit any tyme in
discussyng the matter For me thinketh it sufficeth vs to know the braunchyng of the Nerues as also perfectly from wheÌ„ce they procéede which may be well inough without so many sundry diuisions namyng except it please the gentle Reader neither viâ—… nor nine payre onely be diligent to finde out how Nature hath made their distribution Galen in his ix booke De vsu partium fully affirmeth that the harder sort of sinewes are onely made and ordained for the cause of mouyng but other wise vnapt for sense agayne the soft sinewes in like sorte to â—…inister sense to the singular partes of the vniuersall body beyng not so able for mouing as the rest Wher fore the harder sort of nerues haue their originall from their Spinall marey but the hardest of all from the lower partes therof the sort then agayne are brought from the brayne but of those likewise the nearer to the Spinall marey so much also more harder then the other So that by this reckenyng Galen accomptcth this of the sinewes that the softest are the perfect sensible the more hard the further from perfection of sense but the hardest of all to be not farthest of onely but sayth he altogether vnapt for sense For which Realdus Collumbus no otherwise then reuerently reproueth him assuryng vs that there be no nerues in the body the visible onely excepted but carieth with him both sense with mouyng and mouyng with sense But now since we haue laboured sufficiently to prosecute the order of the vij payre of sinewes we will presently resort to the nerues of the Spinall marey called also Cerebrum elongatum AS the marey of the Spine or ridge of the backe is estéemed by the consent of all Anathomistes to be of the like substaunce that the brayne is whose originall also is the brayne stretched forth loÌ„g wise through the turnyng ioyntes to Os sacrum So is it no lesse strongly munited and armed with defensiue propugnacles called the Vertebres or turnyng ioyntes then the brayne by the inclosure of the Scull or bones of the head as I haue sayd before euen aboundauntly in the history of Bones And this is to be noted of the Spinall marey that as the brayne so this marey thence produced is couered with the like two Membrans as Pia mater and Dura Mater or Crassa Meminx which enwrappe the same and to the outmost end of this elongated body Wherof the one next the substaunce and the other on the outer side of that agayne to defend the same from the ruinous actions of the Vertebres This although it is called marey yet thereby we vnderstand not such marey as is the cauities of other bones for neither is this so fat or flowyng neither is the other couered with the MembraÌ„s of the brayne as is the Spinall marey neither is there with it any communion with the instrumentes of sense or Muscles Agayne the Spinall marey differeth from the brayne in two thynges For first the brayne hath Diastole and Sistole like the hart as before we haue sayd but so hath not the Spinall marey Secondly this marey is caryed through Bones which are moued but stedfast and stable are the Bones of the Scull compassing about the brayne The begynnyng of the Spinall marey is double or two fold the one more and the other lesse the more part springeth froÌ„ the brayne but the lesse froÌ„ Cerebellum And agayne that that is brought from the brayne is onely one maner of way or fourme but from Cerebellum two fold or deuided into the left and right part But the greater begynnyng of it procéedeth in such sort from the foundation of the brayne as iâ—… séemeth to be the very ground therof Wherfore to speake apertly it springeth from the fore part of the brayne froÌ„ thence therfore is to be taken the begynning therof as sayth Collumbus then not in the place where it first entreth into the Vertebres as it pleaseth some in which place it is endewed with no circumscription And if then the begynnyng thereof be in so high a place to be appointed are we not forced to grauÌ„t the thyrd fourth fift sixt seuenth and eight payre of sinewes not to spryng from the brayne but from the Spinall marey This marey entryng forth of the hole of Occiput into the first of the turnyng ioyntes is somewhat more thicke then in the whole progresse that it maketh besides But agayne at such tyme as it commeth to the top of the brest it is thence to the toppe of Os sacrum of equall thicknes Although some not of the nearest supposed it in the meane space to waste by the gettyng of nerues wheÌ„ as in deede in Os sacrum onely it becommeth more slender In goyng forth of the Scull it is clothed with Pia and Dura mater therfore it clotheth also those Nerues that stretch forth from it But when it must passe through the mouable Bones nature added thereto an other thinne Membran least the same marey should any way be hurt by the hardnes of the Bones In which Membrau Galen is thought to be deceiued for because he estéemed this thyrd tunicle to be a Ligament wherewith the Vertebres should be coÌ„nected and knit together Which to be true thincke how since the turnyng ioyntes besides are not destitute of the proper Ligamentes as in the History of Ligamentes appeareth For no man can surmise or iudge this thinne tunicle to be fit or apte in colligatyng and byndyng together these bones whose motions are so great The Spinall marey therfore is founde marey like or medullous onely to the extreme part of the brest but then in marchyng thence forwardes it appeareth sinewy like whereto are the sinewes thence procéedyng But this estéeme to be by meanes of the diuision therof Herehence it is easie to be discerned why some matter descendyng through the Spinall marey the greater hurt is felt in the infâ—…riour part The cause is very apparaunt for that in this place it is sinewy but in the other medullous or rather a portion of the brayne elongated as we haue sayd before For els it may séeme that we vse this word medullous improperly since that is onely marey which nourisheth the Bones To which in nothyng this is like neither yet is the Spinall marey though Galen him selfe would haue it so softer then that wherewith the bones are nourished And had not the almighty creator thus produced it of two thynges the one had come to passe For either all the partes of the body vnder the head and besides the Nerues of the vi payre and admittyng no braunches of the sinewes of the brayne should haue bene destitute of the arbitrarious mouyng and frustrated of sense whereby now so exquisitely they haue the knowledge of euery annoyaunce or els of necessitie to euery part of the body a nerue from the brayne must haue bene deriued But if they had wanted
reflected to the exteriour and superiour partes thereof whence and in what place issue forth litle Nerues to the Muscles that bowe the cubite and further to the exteriour Muscles not neglectyng the scope of the skinne to the â—…ubite and shoulder appertainyng Among diuers other Muscles there aboutes this fourth nerue lurketh wherfore braunchyng along by the Bones Radius and 〈◊〉 after that by such meanes the Muscles that rise from the middle of the cubite to serue the thombe are refreshed it visiteth forthwith the wrest whereas like vnto a trunke or stocke deuided into fiue partes so in like order this is seuered ij wherof brustyng into y forefinger other two delite the thombe the fift is seâ—…t to quâ—…cken the extreme part of the middle finger as is sayd of others before But from those whiche we sayd to go foreward to the thombe are exiled very smaâ—…l surcules or twigges whiche yeld that benefite they may to the Muscle that is placeâ—… betwene the Thombe and forefinger And truly great is the distribution of this fourth nerue beside among the Muscles of the cubite But the fift nerue is very small of whose braunches some are made out to yeld sense vnto the skinne of the shoulder and cubite other braunches it sendeth in like sorte vnder the armepit what remaineth associateth Basâ—…ca Vena and in the same iourney disparcleth diuersely surcles through the skinne and at length endeth at the extreme partes of the hand Moreouer froÌ„ this fift nerue certeine are sent vnder y Cannell bone to the viij Muscle of the head so to the first and fourth of the bone 〈◊〉 to the first and second of the brest and to the vij of the shoulder as also to those Muscles that serue to draw the necke sidewayes And this is the place whence small nerues are conâ—…ded to the fleshy 〈◊〉 and so to the skinne of the necke In this sort consider of the distribution of nerues vnto the hands with asmuch perspicuitie as breuitie described But note that in all persons you shall not finds the small surcles and twistes of nerues alike dispersed yet the bodies stockes and bowes of them you shall see in sundry bodies smally disagrâ—…yng But this is not to be marueiled at if you espy in some bodies a Nerue that runneth through the middest of a Muscle and the same in an other to goe through the sides of the same And for because in some that are wounded some tyme féelyng is lost and yet the maner of mouyng remaineth still and in others contrarily as the mouyng lost sense seaseth not in others so both are destroyed together Some Anathomistes I say in this case séemyng astonyed and deuising to finde the cause haue made differences in Nerues that is to say they will haue it that in euery place where Nerues are distributed in the body there should be both Nerues sensitiue and moitie But this opinion Realdus Collumbus supposeth none to be of saue such onely as are ignoraunt of the true distribution of nerues And therfore that it is sufficient to say that those surcles of sinewes that disperse abroad in the skinne do bryng sense since the skinne moueth not and such as are addicted to the Muscles impart to them both féelyng and mouyng Wherefore when the Nerues of the skinne are wounded or that noyfull matter segregated to those partes doth corrode or distroy them it is no rare matter if the skinne in such places be left destitute of féelyng as also mouyng is marred when in place of the Muscles where they are resident solution of continuitie is made with breache of the concourse of the Nerues And both are then maymed when not onely in the Muscles but also in y skinne the sinewes be dispersed or deuided Iudge therfore in this wise the causes when either sense or mouyng perisheth as also when both be destroyed together Or if I shall speake playnly a hurt that chaunceth vnto the Nerue before it enter into the Muscle and in place where it should Retrahere and Contrahere cannot be any meanes conioyne or knitte together agayne But if the like happen in that part whiche is already entred the Muscle in that parte shall neither continue amission of sense nor mouyng If the fancie of any reasonable man that laboureth with no lesse industrie to séeke the truth shall persuade him to adde a sixth payre of Nerues to the handes as heretofore it séemed good to Vesalius let him beware least in his iudgement be deceiue him selfe takyng the deuision of some stocke for the originall of some Nerue in whiche absurditie many are weltned whose names on earth resounde as ecchoes from the rockes beyng in nothyng so farre deceiued as in the partes of mans body THe Nerues of the brest whiche are lesse then they of the hand also haue their originall from the Spinall marey forth of the twelue Vertebres of the brest howbeit they are not twelue payre what soeuer moued Uesalius so to say who not to haue espyed that to xij Vertebres appertaine xi holes like as to xij ribbes xj spaces it is marueilous These twelue therfore of the brest which issue forth at the common holes of the Vertebres of the brest do not immediately constitute the fourme and maner of a net as do the Nerues of the hand but after their goyng forth they all seuerally deuide them selues into two vnequall portions for the payres in their distribution some reach forth greater on the one side the on then other and some to the fore partes whereas their mates to the hinderpartes are reflected Those that delite the fore partes marche after the inferiour partes of the ribbes after the cauitie in the lower part long wise engrauen whiche in the History of Bones and description of the ribbes is more playnly set out beyng coÌ„uersaunt eche one in course with a braunche of the veyne that is sayd to haue no mate and of the great arterie All which thrée I meane the nerue veyne and Arterie passing by one way euen from the aforesayd Vertebres to Os Sternon after the length of the ribbes and the Cartilages vnder the succingent Membran or Pleura like lynes equally and proportionably distaunced do enter among the Muscles intercostales amongest whiche both the outward and inward they are ramified and spread Others are thought to bryng sense to the sixth Muscle of the brest beyng placed in the inside of it and do bynde together the forepartes thereof From the foresayd Nerues flow through the first Muscle of the shoulder and through the second of the shoulder blade Furthermore other braunches are caryed to the pappes and their nipples or teates brought from these nerues whiche in order follow then more downward from the nerues that are placed in the middle region of the brest surcles are deriued which are charged with the oblique descendent Muscles of Abdomen in which place of these nerues a large distribution is made But from the
Câ—…neall bone called 〈◊〉 Whence spryng the Muscles that shut the mouth The deâ—…neation of the viij bone of the head Why the viij bone is full of holes The bone Ithmoides and why it is so called The reason why in the â—…sease called Coâ—… the seÌ„se of smellyng is lost Lib. 8. de Vs. part How that sauoâ—…ts are discerned How superslâ—…ities are purged How the hedge or particioÌ„ in the nose is made Lib. 9. Vs. part Fuchs Lib. 1. cap. 10. The Iugall bone is both a portion of the bones of the head and of the vpper iawe Col. Lib. 1. cap. 6. The descriptioÌ„ of the Iugall bone The first vtilitie of the Iugall bone The Iugall bone wanteth not his marcy and therefore hath some hollowes Galen Vs. part 11. Lib. 1. cap. 8. The daungers that ensue by the hurt of the temporall Muscle Why such daungers are their incident The second vtilitie of the Jugall bone Of the Ossicles or litle Bones sited in the Organ of hearyng Galen knew not these Ossicles The number of these Ossicles To those two which 〈◊〉 inueÌ„ted ColluÌ„bus hath added a thyrd Where these Ossicles are found The Ossicles of y organ of hearyng are wrapped in Membran The figure of the first Ossicle The vse of y head of the first Ossicle Wherefore y first Ossicle is called a Mallet Why the second Ossicle is called a Stedte The descriptioÌ„ of the second Ossicle The second is in figure like to one of the Stynders The vse of these two Ossicles in the Organ of hearyng How heatyng hapneth Cap. 7. The situation of the thyrd Ossicle of hearing 〈◊〉 by Collumbus The thyrd Ossicle is compared to a Stirrope That these three Ossicles serue to the Organ of hearyng The Ossicles of hearyng are 〈◊〉 Solid the thyrd excepted The administration of the Ossicles of hearyng The descriptioÌ„ of the vpper 〈◊〉 promised Lib. 3. de Oss. Why the vpper iawe is not made of one onely bone Col. Lib. cap. 8. The explicatioÌ„ of the vpper iawe is difficulte The Crocodile moueth his vpper iawe Collumbus first 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 saye to moue either of the iawes Why the vpper iawe of man was not made to moue In the creatyng of 〈◊〉 nature had care of the comly fourme A second cause why the vpper iawe was not made of one bone onely Lib. r. cap. xij A thyrd cause why the vpper iawe is made of many bones Of the 〈◊〉 of the bones of the vpper iawe This 〈◊〉 standeth vpon no deepe poynt In introductoâ—…io sâ—…e Medico â—…ib 11. de Vâ—… part Lib. de Oss. cap. 1. vesal. â—…b 1. cap. 9. Reald. Col. Lib 1. cap. 8. The descriptioÌ„ of of the bones of the vpper iawe in generall The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the the bones of the vpper iawe The first bone of the vpper iawe vesal. ibid. Col. ibid. The descriptioÌ„ of the secoÌ„d bone of the vpper iawe Where the dissease called 〈◊〉 chaunceth â—…b 10. Vs. part cap. 11. How the excreâ—…entes of the brayne fall to the â—…ostrels vesal. ibid. The thyrd bone of the vpper iawe Col. ibid. Vs. â—…ut 11. 〈◊〉 reproued in his descriptions of the bone of the cheeke Col. 〈◊〉 The borders of the cheeke bone The 〈◊〉 Suture vndeâ—… the Palate is onely in childrâ—… The subâ—…asice of the checke bone The large cauitie of the checke bone and to what vse Of what boneâ—… the seate of the eye consisteth Cap. 8. Cap. 1. What is the iiiâ—… bone of the vpper iawe and the description therof The Processes of Ithmoidâ—…s like the wyngâ—… of battes The 〈◊〉 bone oâ—… the vpper iawe The vtilitie of the Cartilaginous constructioÌ„ of the nostrels The end of the fift bone The descriptioÌ„ of of the xj bone of the vpper 〈◊〉 The xj bone is likened to a plow share without a handle and with an indeÌ„ted or vnequall edge The Spongie bones in the nose are easely eaten away with the Spanish dissease Collumbus alway found xiij bones in the vpper iawe The neither iawe is made of one bone and not two as Galen would Exception that in children it is two Lib. 1. cap. 9. To what end the neither iawe is two in children The figure of the neither iawe Why mans face is round Why the neither iawe of beasts is so long Why the neither iawe consiste of an hard bone Wherefore serue the cauitie of the neither iawe The ij Processes of the neither iawe The vse of the sharpe Processe The descriptioÌ„ of the second Processe The vse of the Cartilages seruyng to the secoÌ„d Processe and his cauitie Why the neither iawe is roughe in the fore part The vtilitie of his holes The Celles of the teeth WheÌ„ the Celles of the teeth do growe vp The nâ—…ber of the teâ—…h are 〈◊〉 â—…ame Cold 〈◊〉 1 cap. 10â—… The number of the teeth for the moâ—… part The diuision of the teeth The Incisorie teeth what kindâ—… ones why they are made The dogge teeth their vse and â—…ymologie The teeth called Grinders Why they are toughe A reason of their bredthe Why the teeth are so haâ—…d That hardnes was not sufficieÌ„t to 〈◊〉 theÌ„ sauâ—… that they growe till the 〈◊〉 age Gal. Lib. 5. de commed secunduÌ„ Loc. The teeth are in the iawes Articulated by Gompholis Of the rootes of the teeth The Incisory Dogge teeth are simply rooted The vpper â—…rinders haue alway 〈◊〉 roâ—…tes then the neither and the reason why Why the 〈◊〉 grinders haue â—…orter holdes What differeÌ„ces are betwene the teeth and y otheâ—… bones How the teeth are made sensible Why other bones haue no sense The nerues that runnâ—… through y bones of y Scull and Vertebres giue them no sensibilitie How much of y tooth hath sense Why y part with in the Bumes feleth That it behoued not the bones to feele That the teeth haue sense necessarily How y teeth are decayed It Nerues be inserted to y rootes of the teeth they must needes haue sense Quid. Lib. 1. Lib. 5. de compsecundum Lo. The teeth haue payne and pulsation The cause of pulsation and payne how they feele are noutished The thyrd difference betwen the teeth and other bones How longe the teeth doe grow How the rootes of the teeth are â—…erforated and to what ende Of the Membran in the rootes of 〈◊〉 teeth How vehement Paynes do vappâ—… in the teeth That the teeth aâ—… 〈◊〉 ut the mothers wombe although they appeare not Lib. 1. cap. x. Collumbus tried it in newe borne and in such Abortures tures as came vij or viij mouethes ere bite tyme. The teeth hauâ—… Appendaunces which fall away The last vtâ—…litie of the teeth How we proue this last vtilitie It will be expected that I omittâ—… nothing since I haue promised y who le History of man. How necessary is the knowledge of the perforations of the Sculâ—… Galen write not of the holes in the Scull that is 〈◊〉 How incommodions is y ignoraunce of these Perforations That bones were made for y
cause of other partes Why the bones are 〈◊〉 Of the holes seruing to the vij coniugation of Sinewes Col. Lib. 1. cap. 11. The holes 〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 coniugation of Nerues Sphenoides like a cell or seat 〈◊〉 in the foundatioÌ„ of y brayne The hole of y opticke Sinewes Why it is called y opticke Nerue The holes 〈◊〉 to the second coniugation of Suiewes That the second coniugation of Sinewes moueth y Muscles of the eyes The descriptioÌ„ of the great 〈◊〉 in y lower corner of the coundell of y eyâ—… vse therof The way of 〈◊〉 ches from y thyrd coniugation The vse of y hole in the browes How teares 〈◊〉 engendred The hole in Sphenoides The originall of the muscle called Masseter or Mansorius A braunche from the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the Masseterall Muscles A braunche of the 〈◊〉 coniugatioÌ„ to the eyes to y face An other hole in y Cuneall bone A braunche of y third coniugatioÌ„ to the teeth and temporall Muscles The iiij coniugation of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to y coate of the Palate 〈◊〉 part of y toung The hole 〈◊〉 to a portioÌ„ of the iij. coniugation of Vena iugularis A litle hole which is somtime 〈◊〉 See the industâ—…y of nature where this little 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wanting The hole of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The blind hole The fift payre of Sinewes serueth sense to y Organ of hearyng The vi coniugation of Nerues to the bowells The first coniugatioÌ„ maketh the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which torme the voyce The inner Iugularis nourisheth the whole brayne The hole to the vij coniugation of the brayne The greatest hole in the Occiput and the vse therof The vse of y hole betwene Os frontis and Ithmoides The holes of Ithmoides The holes for a portion of the 〈◊〉 to the Muscles of the forehead and eye-liddes The câ—…tties in Os 〈◊〉 In the cauities of the forehead much â—…yre soutesyme 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sonnâ—… The holes of the 〈◊〉 bone A portien of the 〈◊〉 condigation of 〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 of the nose and lippe Whence y 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the nostrels and eyes The place where Aegâ—…ps called y 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hapneth Why the eye 〈◊〉 the â—…all 〈◊〉 may be affected The holes in the face The roundels of the eyes The holes of the â—…oss The â—…ugall bone like a 〈◊〉 The seate of the tâ—…porall Muscle By what parte 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the moystning of the Palate 〈◊〉 portion of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 y 〈◊〉 of y Palate with y sense of tastyng Of the holes of y neither 〈◊〉 To the rootes of all the teeth is caried a Deyne Arterie Meruâ—… A portion of the v. conâ—…ugation to the temporall Muscles The hole to the Deyne and Arterie for the Organ of heatyng The small Perforations in the Scull are vncertaine as touching their places The number of teâ—…th ordreth the 〈◊〉 of Celles The vse of bones Why to the 〈◊〉 a boue was necessary Hyoides 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 peculiar to the toung Lib. 3. cap. vlt. It is more rightly called Ypsiloides then Lamdoïdes Lib. 1. cap. 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of Hyoides The descriptioÌ„ of Hyoides .. The insection of the toung to Hyoides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Epiglotte Whence spring y 〈◊〉 Muscles mouyng the toung Why Hyoides hath moe Processes â—…ow Hyoides is bound to the Processes Styloides Hyoides is made of 〈◊〉 bones The vtilitie of Hyoides construction The wisdome of nature the Processes being wantyng Col. Lib. 1. cap. 12. Larinx is the head of Aspera Arteria The 〈◊〉 of Larinx The vse of Larinx What partes 〈◊〉 to the makyng of Larinx The number of y bones to Larinx How these two bones mete together in the fore parte What parte of Larinx is compared to a shield 〈◊〉 1. Cap. 38. How the Processes of Larinx and Hyoides are committed together The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 call the 〈◊〉 cartilage Col 〈◊〉 1. Cap. 13. The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the third 〈◊〉 bone The Asperitie in the bone for y insertion of Muscles Why the iij. bone is thus 〈◊〉 compassed The 4. 5. boue is called the 〈◊〉 Cartilage with other 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 which 〈◊〉 voyce What 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The vse of the ij processes of the 4. and 5. bone of Larinx What is callâ—… 〈◊〉 The Epiglotte what it signifieth and the vse therof The figure of the 〈◊〉 This verely will seme a sâ—…ge description to some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to iudge of these whether they be bones 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cap. Citato The principall difference of the bone and the cartilage It is maruayle that a thing so manifests should be omitted of such famous men That in apes â—…arinx is of bones Lib. 1. Cap 38. A great likelihode that vesal. dissected y 〈◊〉 of man. That Vesalsus dissected 〈◊〉 the Larinx of benstes Nature is euery where iust The structure of the backe is worthy admiration The composition of the Wertebres compared to the ridgbeame of a shippe Col. Lib. 1. Ca. 14. The effecte and motions of the backe A further note in the compositioÌ„ of the Wettebres The necessitie of the backe proued The â—…ences which the back by this structure preuenteth What the body were if motion wanted How the body should be serued if all Nerues proceded from the brayne The necessitie and vse of the spinall 〈◊〉 How y Nerues are distributed The Spinall marey as an other brayne Why nature coÌ„mitted the â—…utioÌ„ of the Wertebres to the gardyng of y Spinal marey The Spinall marey the fountaine of sense to the inferiour part S. Why the backe doth not consist of fewer bones Large bones 〈◊〉 largely and sodainly but thorâ—… bones little and easely The Wertebres beyng short yet many in numbeâ—… make sufficient motion for the bâ—…cke The arme is of ij bones therfore hath a sharpe cornered bowing The place of Hipo Lib. de 〈◊〉 How the Luxatiâ—… of the â—…etebres were to be teared Why the luxatioÌ„ of one Wertebre is more perslous then of many â—…he Luxation of one Wertebre vrgeth the Spinall marey into a sharpe The marey participateth with the nature of the brayne Many Uertebres Luxated brin geth the Spinall marey into a halfe circle Why the backe both consist of so many Wertebres Lib. de Vs. part Ca 23. Why y superious are lesse then the inferiour Wertebres Os sacrum is greater then all the other Wertebres The Wertebres haue processâ—…ss The rowe of the Posteriour Processes is called that Spine The vse of the Processes on the sydes of the Uertebres The Processes in length â—…tate that degrees of the Uerteâ—…res The vse of that syde Processes of the Uertebres vnder the ribbes The Diuision of the backe The Uertebres of the necke are vij Of the Breâ—… 12. Of the Loynes 5. Of Os Sacrum 6. Of Coccix 4. The number of all the Uertebres Which and how manye are propper Uertebres Why those vnder Os Sacrâ—… are 〈◊〉 amongest that Uertebres The difference of the Uertebres after Arâ—…tulatioÌ„ The necke is eâ—…de for that cause of the roughe Arterie Lib. 8.
fourth ventricle The place of memory The cauitie in the 〈◊〉 marey like a writing penne The callous bodye The arche or baulted place The vse of the callous body and vaulted place The glasse in the brayne what it is where and of what vse The vse of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The testicles in the brayne The baunches or 〈◊〉 in the brayne The hole like the fundament The image of a womans priâ—…itie in the brayne Glâ—…ndule 〈◊〉 The yard in the brayne Col. 〈◊〉 cit The vse of 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of Anathomistes in the vse of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ibid. The 〈◊〉 where 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the vse thereoâ—… Onely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the brayne â—…hy some 〈◊〉 haue imagine 〈◊〉 ventricles 〈◊〉 Câ—…r 〈◊〉 Indument 〈◊〉 Iho. Fernel cap. ix Substaunce 〈◊〉 â—…ffection according to Galen Of the substance of Cerebellum contracy to Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The wormes in 〈◊〉 and there vse No payre of sinewes springeth from Cerebellum contrary to Galen The substance of Cerebellum is not harder then of the brayne Wherein the noblenes of the brayne is most playnly argued Now man differeth most from growing plâ—…aces How much more exquisite are the sente in man thâ—… in other crea tures The first of the common sense called smelling Col. â—…ap 2. Lib. 8. The rising of the Mamillar Processes Progresse Ending â—…se 〈◊〉 Fernâ—…l â—…ib 1. cap. ix â—…alen Lib. 9. 11. de vs paâ—…t How hapueth 〈◊〉 of sauours Why the Nerues in the organs of smelling are not hard 〈◊〉 Ibid. The second vse of the organs of smelling The diuision or hedge of the nose Gâ—…len 〈◊〉 Of the organs of hearing Substance â—…ernel Ibid. â—…al 11. â—…ib vs part â—…ernel Ibid. How hearing hapneth read more elegantly in the history of 〈◊〉 namely where that 〈◊〉 of the organ of hearing are described Of the organs of seeâ—…ng Situation 〈◊〉 Ibid. Collumbus â—…ib 〈◊〉 Which and how many are the propugnacles of the eyes The eye liddes direct the â—…ight The fashion of the eye in man. Realdus Collumbus reprehendeth all that write of the eyes before his tune Galen and vesalius were deceiued in the workmanship of the eye How vision is made is a difficult question The blind thinke them selues vnhappie Whence â—…o the facultie of seeing Of what substaÌ„ce are the opticke 〈◊〉 Innoluere Rising Progressâ—… Insertion What doth constitute the membran called 〈◊〉 or Retina Of what 〈◊〉 the eye of man doth consiste Of the muscles of the eyes The foure first muscles The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The vse of euery of these 〈◊〉 muscles Col. Loc. cit The vse of the foure muscles labouring together The vse or the toure 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 compareth these foure muscles to the muscles of the 〈◊〉 as touching their vse The fift muscle of the eyes 〈◊〉 Collumbus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. Met. The vse of this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of authors as 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of the eyes is playnly set forth The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 among the muscles of the 〈◊〉 The vse of fatte to the eyes The 〈◊〉 and vse of the 〈◊〉 in y eyes 〈◊〉 whence they spring Of the membrâ—…s of the eyes The names of the first membrâ—… of the eye The descriptioÌ„ of the membran 〈◊〉 What is Iris 〈◊〉 the eye 〈◊〉 is not in euery one of like collour The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 in the eye 〈◊〉 or the apple of the eye which is 〈◊〉 vesal. cap. 9. de arg fac 〈◊〉 The second membran vnknowen to other 〈◊〉 The beginning and insertion of this second memâ—… Ceratoides Galen 10. vs part Fuch cap. IX Fernel cap. 13. Li. 6. â—…ratoides constituteth the fashion of the eye The errour of the Arabians in the membran Cornea Cornea is one onely Cornea what kind of one The vtilities of the membran Cornea The names of the fourth membran of the eye Beginning Progresse 〈◊〉 The fourth membran enwrappeth not all the eye Where the fourth Meâ—…bran is double The â—…timologie of the Membran Vuea Diuers colours in 〈◊〉 in man The colours of 〈◊〉 in an oxe are moc then in man The vse of the variette of colour Why the eyes being weary we winke The fift membraÌ„ called Retinâ—… 〈◊〉 loc cit The beginning and substaunce of Râ—… The situation of 〈◊〉 The sixt Membra called Arâ—…nea Beginning Wherto Aâ—…nea is compared The vse of the sixt Membran Col. Loc. cit 〈◊〉 obscure in the Membran Aranâ—… Vâ—…l lib. 7. cap. 14. The Membran like y eye 〈◊〉 which 〈◊〉 mentioneth is not any thing diseâ—…et from the â—…embrans hithâ—…â—…ibed Of the huâ—…ors of the eye Gâ—…len vs part 10. The place of the waâ—…ie humor Coâ—… Ibid. Where are suffâ—…sions made called 〈◊〉 The watâ—…e humor is an excrement The watrie humor being â—…used may renate or grow agayne The secoÌ„d humor 〈◊〉 the eye why it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the â—…lline Situâ—…tion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The substaunce of the christaliâ—…e humor The vse of the christaliâ—…e humor The Etiâ—…logie of the name of the glaâ—…ie humor of the eye Situation of the vitteoâ—…s humor Why y vitreous humor us hollowed Râ—… na â—…ourisheth the vitreous humor the vitreous nouâ—…heth the christaline humor Now the watrish humor is begatten Cal. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 10. The Epiglogue of the parteâ—… of the eye and feâ—…uyng to the eye Pâ—…roration Col. Ioc. cit Vesalius erreth iâ—… the history of the eye Of the sense of tasting The tongue the cheife instrâ—…ent of â—…ast and how The foure payre of Nerues setâ—…ing to the orgaâ—… of taste Of the sense of féeling They are had in decision that affirme one nexue for féeling another for mouing What a nerue 〈◊〉 Lib. 5. de vs part Why nature made such distribution of nerues Why nature giueth not to euery part like portion of nerues Collumb Ibid. The figure of the Nerue Substance The Nerue is clothed with dura and 〈◊〉 The originale of nerues The nerues of the brayue haue bene 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 into vij payre The first payre of Nerues of the brayne Substaunce Beginning 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of the name of the first payre In the opticâ—…e nerue is no pore The pure spirites may paue through the rare substance of the optiche nerues Of the second payre of y brayne Situation Progresse and vse The temporall muscle hurt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to hurt by 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 The third payre with 〈◊〉 and vse The hole in the middest of the face The situation of the fourth payre of nerues Diuision Use. The situation of the fift payre of Nerues The bones of the organ of hearing Galen Lib. 8. 9. 10 vsa part Col Ibid. The situation of the sixt payre of Nerues Distribution The history of the right recurrent nerue Arterie Carotida What is Glottis The history of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The vse of the 〈◊〉 Nerues The vse of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—…art 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 seâ—…fe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Why the mouth of the ventricle paynâ—… the 〈◊〉 semeth to ake Another diâ—…tion The situation of the vij payrâ—… of Nerues From the brayne not from Cerebellum springeth the 7. coâ—… of Nerues Colâ—…bid Vesalius excused The description of the viij payre of Nerues of the brayne The descriptioÌ„ of the 〈◊〉 payre of â—…newes of the brayne 〈◊〉 ut errouâ—… Collumbus Ibid. All the Nerues except the opâ—…icke caty sense mouyng Of the nemies of the Spinall maâ—…ey Collumb Lib. 8. Cap. 4. 〈◊〉 lâ—…b 6. cap. The â—…olucres of the Spinall marey The difference of the Spinall maâ—…ey from the marey in otâ—…er boâ—…es The differeÌ„câ—… betwene the brayne and Spinall maâ—…y The begynnyng of the Spinall is double The greater begynnyng of the Spinall marcy The begynnyng of the Spinall maâ—… whence The 〈◊〉 of some Where the Spinall marey is thicker The â—…olucre of the spinal marey Galâ—…n lâ—…b de Osstbus The spinall marey in marching forward becommeth simory Why hurt in the interiour part of the spinall marey is greater Cal. in errour The necessitse of the spinall marey The vse of the spinall marey Collumb Ibid. The first payre of nerues from the spinall â—…arcy 〈◊〉 and distribution Col. Ibid. The 〈◊〉 a noble muscle vesal. â—…ib 4. cap. 14. The 〈◊〉 of Colluâ—…bus Why the nerues of the hand are 〈◊〉 described The hand is the organ of organs 〈◊〉 payre of 〈◊〉 to the hand The begâ—…nning of the fine payre of Nerues to the hand â—…here they are 〈◊〉 â—…here they are seperated Why wounâ—…es to the 〈◊〉 processe of the scaple bone are deadly Of the 〈◊〉 payre of nerues of the hand Of the second payre Col. â—…ib 8. cap. â—… Iâ—… the ball of the hand sometime v. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nerues Of y 〈◊〉 payre Why the 〈◊〉 of the hand is so sensible Of the fourth payre of nerues to the hand Of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of nerues to the hand 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 persoÌ„s 〈◊〉 sence sometyme mouyng sometime both is lost WheÌ„ by the hurtyng of a Nerue feelyng or monyng may be lost when neither Vâ—…al cap. 15. Lib. 4. â—…len erreth in nothyng so much as in the partes of mans body Of the Nerues produced froÌ„ the Vertebres of the brest The Nerues of the brest are xi payre Veâ—…l in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and distribâ—…tion of the Nerues of the bâ—…est in generall The 〈◊〉 Distribution of nerues 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of the Nerues produced froÌ„ 〈◊〉 Vertebres of the loynes 〈◊〉 there are v. payres of 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of the first payre of Nerues of the loynes Of the second payre of Nerues of the loynes The errour of some What is 〈◊〉 The thyrd payre of Nerues of thâ—… loynes Of the fourth payre of Nerues of the loynes Oâ—… the fift comuâ—…ion of the 〈◊〉 Nowe these payres of nerues of the loynes are 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 together 〈◊〉 ColluÌ„bus â—…ib 8 â—…p 7. The Nerues of the loynes are not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of the nerues of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Their 〈◊〉 The Nerue the grâ—…est oâ—… all in the body A Caueat for the applicatioÌ„ of cauterie to the legge Os sacrum conâ—…steth noâ—… alway of like number of boness The author hath a Sceleâ—… wherein Os 〈◊〉 both consist onely of thrée 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of the hinder partes of Os sacrum Of the 〈◊〉 inconiugated Galen de 〈◊〉 Dissect No Muscle 〈◊〉 without one Nerue or moe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. cap. 15 Of the marey in bones How marey is 〈◊〉 Where is the chief store of marey What marey smaller bones 〈◊〉 how 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 substaunce to thig Col. 〈◊〉 13. 〈◊〉 3. 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Now it hapneth that some suppose the Bones do 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is not on the inside of the 〈◊〉 The teeth are voyde of 〈◊〉 Why Periostium may not be in the ioyntes Col. 〈◊〉 13. cap. 2. The vse of the 〈◊〉 The procreation of 〈◊〉 Whence the heares do 〈◊〉 Whence heares are nourished 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. 〈◊〉 corp cap. 15. In what places heares growe most The heares grow not 〈◊〉 one time or 〈◊〉 one begynâ—…yng The vse of the heares of the eye lyddes The opinâ—…on of some reproued in yeldyng a reason of the not hauyng heare in the ball of the hand and sole of the foote Col loc cit ⧠A Table of the Instrumentes seruyng to Anathomicall dissection ⧠A Table wherein is quoted the place of euery Principall matter contained in this History to be sought vnder the Letter Alphabeticall and to be founde by the direction of the Figure Wherein the Reader is to be forewarned that euery Praedicare is to be sought vnder his subiect not els to be found in this Table as to seeke the Appendaunces Veynes Nerues of the Teeth he must looke vnder the name of Teeth not of Veynes Nerues or Appendances and this order is obserued in all the other A. ABdomen the Muscles therof described 54. the Deynes of the Muscles therof 77 Acetable what it is â—…2 Aâ—…gylopa the disease where it chaunceth 11. 15 Aesophagus the Muscles therof 58 Altered thynges chaunge into the colour of it that â—…ltereth 66. 77 Ambulation how it is made 57 Anathomy in what part it begynneth 1. 6. obserâ—…eth not extreme youth or age 7 Ancles the number vse and figure of them â—…4 Angina the disease in â—…yng thereof what vâ—…yne â—…ust be openâ—…d 77. iâ—… it the membrâ—…â—…ay be taken â—…roÌ„ the dynges of Tiâ—…chea Aâ—…teria 〈◊〉 39 Anâ—…uall spirite a new opinion therof 9. the vse primaâ—…y instruments therof 98. the proper matter therof 100 Apes haue their iâ—…isory and dogge teeth distinguished with a seaâ—…ne 11 their Luinx is a bone 17 Apophisis what it is 2 AppendauÌ„ce what it is the substaâ—…ce vse continuaunce and nature therof described 2. channged by nature and nations 23 ¶ Appendaunces of euery bone looke vnder the proper namâ—… of the bone Appetite how it is styrled vp 75 Apprehensioâ—… by the haÌ„d deâ—…cribed 31 Ariâ—…totle his errâ—…ur in Diaphrâ—…gma 53. that fat is sensâ—…ble â—…4 that the skinne hath no sence â—…id that the bones of Occiput arâ—… thiâ—…nest 8. that the hindeâ—… part of the head is emptie â—…old that the hart is the authout of feelyng and oâ—… bloud 44 Arme holes the â—…uscles thereof 51. there is no fleshy membraÌ„ in them 64 Arme why it hath a sharpe coâ—…nered bowyng 18. the motion therof 5â—… ¶ Arteâ—…ies looke vnder those paâ—…tes whose 〈◊〉 they are Arthrodia described what it is 3 Articulus or arâ—…culation the differences and nature therof 3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 described 90. 39 Auditorie organ the nature figure situation vse and names of the bones therof described 10 B. BAthe â—…e structure motions vertebres spiâ—…all marey and partes therof 17. 19. what part is so called 20. what pâ—…rt of it is most subiect to hurt 25. how it is bowed foreward 2â—… the muscles and motion therof described 52 Backe very straunge 23 Basis what it meaneth 3 Basilâ—…re what it is 9 Beastes
in women 77 N. NAture that is God. 1 Nature her care for the sorme of 〈◊〉 11. made nothyng in vayne 2. 3 her singular industry 8. 15. 19. her marueilous Arte wisedome and prouidence in creation 9. 16. 23. 34. 40. 55. 44. 63. 74. is euery where iust 17. chaungeth by nation and tymes 23. why he placeth the glandules in sondry partes 68 Naturall spirite 98 Nauell the nature therof described 65 Nayles their figure vse handes and originall described 40. their payne 61 Neche what is meant by it in the description of bones 2 Necke what it is the vse motion and vertebres therof 18. 19. the head how tyed vnto it 19. 8. the muscles therof 45. 52. 8. where it is wanting the creatures are dumme 18. the luxation of the vertebres therof 18 Nerue what it is the descriptioÌ„ therof 105. the immediate orgaÌ„ of sence 1. proceede not all froÌ„ the brayne 17 are disseminated into muscles 44 Nerues of the brest 109. of the brayne 106 Nerue opticke why so called 14 Nerue the greatest in all the body 110 Nerue inconsugated described 111 ¶ Nerues looke those partes of the body whereunto they serue Nose the bokes thereof inwardly porie 1. why they seeme to 〈◊〉 4. the partition therof 10. the spongy bones therof eaten with the Spanish disease 12. the holes of the same 19. the muscles therof 45. the Cartilages therof 39. the diuision or hedge therof 101 Nostrels their contraction and dilatation 〈◊〉 the place of the ayre which they draw 9. why 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 construction 12. the 〈◊〉 therof why they are shut 39. how they receiue flegme 9 Nourishement the necessitie and instrumentes of it 63. how procured to such pattes as haue no bemes or atteries 1 O. OCciput described 8. the holes therof 15. made of many partes in children 19 Omentum the description therof 67 Opticke nerue why so called 14 Os 〈◊〉 described 36 Os cuneale described 9 Os frontis the cauities therof 15. the description therof 9 Os 〈◊〉 the nature therof described 〈◊〉 Os iugale 9 Os Malae described 11 Os Nauiforme described 36 Os Pubis and Coxendâ—…is 32. their Cartilages 40 39 Os 〈◊〉 the description thereof 22. the Bones thereunto coÌ„mitted described 32. 1. the 〈◊〉 therof 110. is greater then all the other vertebres 18 Osla squammosa what they be and why so called 8 P. PAlate how moystened by flegme 15. 9 Panchreas the description therof 〈◊〉 Pappes why they are in the brest 66 〈◊〉 glandules described 90 Partes 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 1 〈◊〉 the weaker are lesse subiect to perill 8 Partes adiacent nourish one the other hauyng no beynes or arteries 1 Penis the muscles therof 56 Perforations of the bones described 14 Pericardium described 43. 91 〈◊〉 the nature therof described 111. 1. Peritonaeum a membran 43. the description therof 66 〈◊〉 described 90 Philosophy magicke conceruyng the 〈◊〉 37 Pia 〈◊〉 the vse therof to the brayne 99 Plant the want of it how incoâ—…dious 58. it is described 36 Pleura a meÌ„bran 43. clotheth the ribbes on the out side 24. the substaunce vtilitie figure therof described 89 Pleurisie where it hapneth and why with bloudy spettle 90. 91 〈◊〉 moueth both the iawes 11. 47 Pores of the Bones 1. of the 〈◊〉 64 Postbrachiall Bones what their proper motion is 3. their description 29 Pâ—…putium what it is 88 Processe the nature thereof described 2. 3 ¶ Processes of the particular bones looke vnder the particular descriptioÌ„ of bones Processe 〈◊〉 the Etymology therof 9 Processe Ithmoides 12 Processe Odontydes 19 Processe Ancyroidus 25 Processe Acromion 25 Prominence what it 〈◊〉 8 Pubis os described 32 〈◊〉 stone 1 R. RAdius the insertion thereof to the shoulder 27. the descriptioÌ„ therof 21 Reason the habitation therof 6 Rectum the gut described 74 Reynes their substaunce and nature described 82. how they seeme to be payned when it is colon 73 Respiration the originall therof 54 Resurrection the worke therof falsely imputed to bones 37 Rete mirabile 96 Rheume cause of the decay and payne of the teeth 13 Ribbes of the backe and brest described 20. 23. 24. of the loynes 21. of the necke 19. their Cartilages 39. enlarge and draw together 3. as many in man as in woman 23 Ringes gristly described 39 Rotatores what 33. seeme appendaunces 2 Rupture whence it hapneth 55. 67 S. SAcrum os why so called 22. the Cartilages therof 39. the bones therto committed 31 Sagittalis a seame what it is 4. 7 Sauours their dignotion 10. 101 Scaple bones their nature described 25. not hollow 1. haue appendaunces 2. the muscles therof 50. their cauities 26. the woundes therof are deadly 108 Scull the perforations of it 4. the arteries therof 95. the bones and seames therof 4. 7 ¶ Seames looke Sutures Seede where it is contayned 87. the passage therof 84 Seeyng the sence orgaÌ„ substaâ—…ce and nature therof described 102 Seminall vesselles where they are inserted 85. how they passe through 〈◊〉 86. their iourney 32. they are described 55 Seminall beynes described 78. 82 Seminall atteries described 86 Sence the fountaine of it 44. the orgaÌ„ therof 1. how lost in a wound 109. how requisite in man. 101 Sences their natures vse numbeâ—… largely described 101 Sence in the teeth how procured 13. why it is vnder the vaynes 40 Septum transuersum described 35 〈◊〉 are spongy and 〈◊〉 1. falsely sayd not to be subiect to corruptioÌ„ 37 〈◊〉 what it is 34 Shoulder blade the bones therof nuÌ„ber 〈◊〉 vse processes cauities appendaunces described 25. 26. 27. oâ—…ce 〈◊〉 is hardly recouered 40. the Cartilages therof 40 Shoulder bones the motioÌ„ and muscles described 50 〈◊〉 partes what they are 1 〈◊〉 described 8. the bones therof why they seeme to moue 4 Sinewes where they waÌ„t there sence wanteth 1. their coniugation what it requireth 14 Skinne of the body of two sortes 63. their natures described 64 Slepy arterie the hole of it 15 Smellyng the vse nature and ende thereof described 101. the Nerues thereof are not hard 101. how and why taken away 10 Spanish disease 12 Spettle how it hapneth bloudy in the 〈◊〉 91 Sphenoides the bone therof 9 Spinall marey the necessitie of it 17. the nature therof described 18. 106. the nerues therof 100. how nourished 76 Spine how farre it tendeth downewardes 22 Spirites naturall are not begotten in the liuer 75 Spirituall partes described 89 Splene the situation figures and nature therof described 80. onely nourished by excremeÌ„res 75. the veynes therof 81. what veyne is commonly opened for the affectes thereof 77 Standyng straight how it is purchased 33 Staphoides described 36 Stephaneia a seame what it is 47 Steâ—…non the 〈◊〉 bone described 24. 26 the Cartilages therof 39 Stomach the vse coates substaunce thereof described 68. the Muscles therof 52 Stone cutters their errour 16 Styloâ—… the processe 2. 9 Sutura described what it is 4. why they are in the head 6. 7. are conspiâ—… without but
not within 8 Suture transuerse vnder the palate onely in children 12 Sutures that separate the Bones of the head from the vpper iaw 11 Suture Coronalis 4. 7 Sweat why some doe lightly some hardly 64 Synchondrosis what it is 4 Syndesmosis what it is 4 Synneuresis what it is 4 Sylsarcosis what it is 4 Systole and Diastole 8 T. TAlus the description therof 34 Tarsus the bones and nature therof described 25 Tastyng the sence therof described 104 Teares how they spryng and whence they are engendred 14. 103 Teeth their number nature names situation payne and other properties described 13. 14. they are sensible 1. their beynes 78. their nerues 13 Temple the Bones therof described 9. why and whence they are rough 78. the Muscles thereof described 48. the daunger that ensueth the Muscles beyng hurt 10. the seate of the Muscles 15. the 〈◊〉 bones thereof how vnited 4. the seames therof described 7 Tendon what it is 44. the largest tendon what 59 Testicles their number substauÌ„ce vse coate veynes and membrans described 85. the 〈◊〉 therof 79. differ a litle from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 substaunce 65. the Muscles therof 56 〈◊〉 hys head of what figure it was 6 Théeues sayd to want a part of their hand 61 Thighe the figure bones and nature therof described 32. the Cartilages therof 40. why hardly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the motions and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 thereof described 57. the Processes of it 2 Thimus 90 Thombe the bones and ioyntes therof described 29 Throt why it boâ—…cheth not forth 〈◊〉 women as in men 65 Tibia the nature and description therof 33. the appendaunce of it hath Processes 2 Toes the bones therof described 37. their want how incoâ—…ous 58. the Muscles thereof described 60. the Ligamentes therof 42. their tendâ—…s 59 Toung the Bones therof 16. the Ligamentes thereof 42. 49. the vtilities and muscles therof 48. whenco it hath the sence of 〈◊〉 49 Toung tyed how children so 〈◊〉 41 Trochanteres what so called 2. 33 Tunnell where it is and the vse therof 〈◊〉 V. VEnice 6 Dentricle the partes figure 〈◊〉 and nature therof described 68. the Orifices therof 69. the veynes and arteries therof 70. the Nerues situation partes 〈◊〉 therto described 71. is nourished by bloud 75. how offended by Colon. 73. chaungeth meates into white 76. the mouth therof wheÌ„ it is payned the hart doth ake 105. what 〈◊〉 it 〈◊〉 by choler 80. the mouth of it 24 Vertebres their Ligamentes whence they spring 42. all haue holes except the first of the necke 21. haue appendaunces 2 ¶ Vertebres of the necke brest and loynes looke the descriptioÌ„ of the necke brest and loynes Vertue none without his proper organ 46 Vesalius his diuision of the partes of the body 1. his errours 4. 10. 44. 53. 69. 54. mentioneth of a mad boye in Venice with a monstrons head 6. his opinion what is contained in the cauities of Os frontis 9. how bloud commeth to the hart 89. the first inuentor of the organs of hearyng 10. ignoraunt of the inferiour head of the shoulder 27. describeth Larinx as it is in beastes 49. 17. inuented the discourse of the holes of the head 13. reproued by Collumbus 21. 55 Veynes their number names nature vse described at large 75. why made hollow 79 Veyne Iugularis noutisheth the brayne 15 Deyne Axillaris and Cephalica 26 ¶ Veynes particular looke those partes to which they serue Vitall partes described 89 Vital spirites perfected by the hart 91 they are described 98. their propper matter 100 〈◊〉 the description of it 27. the appendaunce therof hath 〈◊〉 2 Vmbelicall veyne to what vse to the infant in the wombe 61 Vnaptnes a token therof 6 Vomit 71 Voyce the matter and instrumentes of it 18. 19. graue or base how it is vttered 50 Vrine the nature properties bleddar therof described 83. the passage therof 88. the vessels therof 78 Vuula the description therof 90 W. WOmaÌ„s priuities the image therof in the brayne 100 Woundes in what part 〈◊〉 the body they are deadly 8. 24. 40. 54. 101 Wounded men why they losse sometyme seÌ„ce sometyme mouyng sometyme both 109 Wrest the bones nature and description therof 28. 29. the 〈◊〉 therof 40. the Ligamentes thereof 〈◊〉 Y. 〈◊〉 the office vse substauÌ„ce instrumentes and whole nature therof described 88. the veynes therof 79. the Muscles therof 56 Young man dead through the payne 〈◊〉 the head 6 Youth not to be obserued in Anathomy 56 FINIS AT LONDON Printed by Iohn Dayeâ—… dwellyng ouer Aldersgate ¶ And are to be sold at the long shop at the West doore of Paules 1578. ⧠Cum gratia Privilegio Regiae Majestatis