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A61291 The history of the Chaldaick philosophy by Thomas Stanley. Stanley, Thomas, 1625-1678.; Stanley, Thomas, 1625-1678. Chaldaick oracles of Zoroaster. 1662 (1662) Wing S5240; ESTC R12160 140,604 202

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whatsoever approacheth it whether Beast Man or Bird in like manner these Daemons destroy those upon whom they chance to fall overthrowing their Souls and Bodies and their natural habits and sometimes by fire or water or precipice they destroy not men only but some irrational creatures The Daemon● assault Irrational creatures not out of hate or as wishing them ill but out of the love they have of their Animal heat For dwelling in the most remote cavities which are extremely cold and dry they contract much coldnesse wherewith being afflicted they affect the humid and animal heat and to enjoy it they insinuate themselves into Irrational creatures and go into Baths and Pits for they hate the heat of Fire and of the Sun because it burns and dryeth up But they most delight in the heat of Animals as being temperate and mixt with moisture especially that of men being best tempered into which insinuating themselves they cause infinite disturbance stopping up the pores in which the Animal spirit is inherent and streightning and compressing the spirit by reason of the grossnesse of the bodies with which they are indued Whence it happeneth that the bodies are disordered and their principal faculties distemper'd and their motions become dull and heavy Now if the insinuating Daemon be one of the Subterraneous kind he distorteth the possessed Person and speaketh by him making use of the Spirit of the patient as if it were his own Organ But if any of t●ose who are called Lucifugous get privately into a Man he causeth relaxation of the limbs and stoppeth the voice and maketh the possessed Person in all respects like one that is dead For this being the last kind of Daemons is more Earthly and extremely cold and dry and into whomsoever it insinuates it hebetates and makes dull all the faculties of his Soul And because it is Irrational voyd of all Intel●ectual contemplation and is guided by Irrational phantasie like the more savage kind of beasts hence it comes to passe that it stand● not in awe of menaces and for that reason most persons aptly call it Dumb and Deaf nor can they who are possessed withit by any other meanes be freed from it but by the Divine favour obtained by Fasting and Prayer That Physicians endeavour to perswade us that these Passions proceed not from Daemons but from Humours and Spirits ill affected and therefore go about to cure them not by Incantations and Expiations but by Medicines and Diet is nothing strange since they know nothing beyond Sense and are wholly addicted to study the Body And perhaps not without reason are some things ascribed to ill-affected Humours as Lethargies Melancholies Frenzies which they take away and cure either by evacuating the Humours or by replenishing the Body if it be Empty or by outward applications But as for Enthusiasms ragings and unclean Spirits with which whosoever is possessed is not able to act any thing neither by Intellect Speech Phantasie nor Sense or else there is some other thing that moves them unknown to the Person possessed which sometimes foretelleth Future events How can we call th●se the Motions of depraved Matter Not kind of Daemon is in it's own Nature Male or Female for such affections are only proper to Compounds but the Bodies of Daemons are simple and being very ductile and flexible are ready to take any Figure As we see the Clouds represent sometimes Men somtimes Bears sometimes Dragons or any other F●gures so is it with the Daemoniack Bodies Now the Clouds appear in various Figures according as they are driven by exteriour blasts or winds but in Daemons who can passe as they please into any Bodyes and sometimes contract sometimes extend themselves like wormes on the Earth being of a soft and tractable Nature not only the Bulk is changed but the Figure and Colour and that several wayes for the Daemoniack body being by Nature capable of all these as it is apt to recede it is changed into several forms as it is Aërial it is susceptible of all sorts of Colours like Air but the Air is coloured by something extrinsecal The Daemoniack Body from it's intrinsecal Phantastick Power and energy produceth the forms of colours in it self as we sometimes look Pale sometimes Red according as the Soul is affected either with Fear or Anger The like we must imagine of Daemons for from within they send forth several kinds of colours into their Bodies Thus the●r Bodies being changed into what Figure and assuming what Colour they please they sometimes appear in the shape of a Man sometimes of a Woman of a Lion of a Leopard of a wild Boar sometimes in the figure of a Bottle and sometimes like a little Dog fawning upon us Into all these forms they change themselves but keep none of them constantly for the figure is not solid but immediately is dissipated as when we pour somthing coloured into Water or draw a figure in the Air. In like manner is it with Daemons their Colour Figure and Form presently vanish But all Daemons have not the same power and will there is much inequality amongst them as to these Some there are Irrational as amongst Compound Animals for as of them Man participating of Intellect and Reason hath also a larger Phantasie extending also to all ●ensibles as wel in the Heavens as on Earth and under the Earth but Horses Oxen and the like have a narrower and more particular Phantasie yet such as extends to the knowledg of the Creatures that feed with them their Mangers and their Masters lastly Flies Gnats and Worms have it extremely contracted and incoherent for they know neither the hole out of which they came nor whither they go nor whither they ought to go they have only one Phantasie which is that of aliment In like manner there are different k●nds of Daemons Of these some are Fiery others Aërial these have a various Phantasie which is capable of extending to any thing maginable The Subterraneous and Lucifugous are not of this Nature whence it comes to passe that they make not use of many Figures as neither having variety of Phantasms nor a Body apt for action and transformation But the watery and Terrestial being of middle kind between these are capable of taking many forms but keep themselves constantly to that in which they delight They which live in humid places transform themselves into the shapes of Birds and Women whence termed by the Greeks Naiades and Nereides and Dryades in the Feminine gender But such as are conversant in dry places have also dry Bodies such as the Onosceles are said to be These transform themselves into Men sometimes into Dogs Lions and the like Animals which are of a Masculine d●sposition The Bodies of Daemons are capable of being struck and are pained thereby though they are not compounds for Sense is not only proper to compounds That thing in Man which feeleth is neither the Bone nor the Nerve but the Spirit which is in
them Whence if the Nerve be pressed or seized with cold or the like there arriseth pain from the em●ssion of one Spirit into another Spirit for it is impossible that a Compound Body should in itself be sensible of pain but in as much as it partaketh of Spirit and therefore being broken into pieces or dead it is absolutely insensible because it hath no Spirit In like manner a Daemon being all Spirit is of his own nature sensible in every part he immediately seeth and heareth he is obnoxious to suffering by touch being cut assunder he is pained like Solid bodies only hereindiffering from them that other things being cut assunder can by no means or very hardly be made whole again w●ereas the Daemon immediately commeth together again as Air or Water parted by some more Solid Body But though this Spirit joyns again in a moment neverthelesse at the very time in which the dissection is made it is pained Hitherto the Theologie and Physick of the Chaldaeans The Second SECTION ASTROLOGY and other Arts of DIVINATION THe Second part of the Chaldaick Learning consists in Arts of Divination The chief whereof was Astrology This as it is generally acknowledged to have been their proper invention so were they most particularly addicted to it for which Ptolomy gives a reason out of the Art it self because they are under Virgo and Mercury But Cicero one much better that the plainnesse and evennesse of the Country did invite them to contemplation of the Stars It consists of two parts one Meteorologick which considers the Motions of the Stars the other Apotelesmatick which regards Divination The first was known to the antient Graecians by the common names of Astronomy and Astrology untill the other being brought into Greece also they for dictinction called the former more particularly Astronomy the latter Astrology The excellent Ioseph Scaliger to advance the cred●t of the Greek learning constantly averres that the Chaldaeans had only a grosse and general not exact Knowledge of Astronomy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tantum non etiam 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and that the Greeks learned nothing therein of the Chaldaeans when as Aristotle ingenuously acknowledgeth the contrary the Aegytians and Babylonians saith he from whom we have many informations concerning each of the Stars Though doubtlesse they were far short of that height in this Art to which the Greeks who brought it out of the East improoved it for Diodorus Siculus affirms that they alleged very weak reasons for the Eclipses of the Sun which Eclipses they neither durst foretel nor reduce to certain Periods But of the Apotelesmatick part they boasted themselves not only the Inventors but Masters insomuch that all the professors of it of what Country soever were as we formerly shewed called after them Chaldaeans CHAP. I. Of the Stars Fixed and Erratick and of their praesignification THey First lay down for a ground That Terrestials Sympathise with the Caelestials and that every one of those is renewed by the influence of these For every Man 's endued with such a mind As by the Sire of Gods and Men's assign'd Above all things they hold that our Act and Life is subjected to the Stars as well to the Erratick as the Fixed and that Mankind is governed by their various and multiplicious course That the Planets are of the kind of efficient causes in everything that happens in life and that the Signes of the Zodiack co-operate with them That they conferr all good and ill to the Nativities of Men and that by contemplation of their Natures may be known the chief things that happen to Men. They held the principal Gods to be twelve to each of which they attributed a Moneth and one of the Signes of the Zodiack Next the Zodiack they assert twenty fower Starrs whereof half they say are ranked in the Northern parts the other half in the Southern Of these they which are apparent they conceive to be deputed to the Living the inapparent congregated to the Dead These they call Iudges of all things But the greatest Observation and Theory they hold to be that concerning the Five Starrs termed Planets which they call the Interpreters because the rest of the Starrs being Fixed and having a settled Course these only having a peculiar course foretel things that shall come to passe interpreting and declaring to Men the Benevolence of the Gods for somethings say they they praesignify by their rising some things by their setting some things by their colour if observed sometimes they foretell great Winds sometimes extraordinary Raines or Drought Likewise the rising of Comets and Eclipses of the Sun and of the Mind and Earthquakes and in a Word all Alterations in the Air signify things advantagious or hurtful not only to Nations or Countries but even to Kings and private Persons Beneath the Course of these they hold that there are placed thirty Starrs which they call Consiliary Gods that half of these oversee the Places under the Earth the other half oversee the Earth and the Businesse of Men and what is done in the Heaven and that every ten daies one of these is sent to those below as a Messenger and in like manner one of the Stars under the Earth is sent to those above and that they have this certain Motion settled in an Aeternal revolution CHAP. II. Of Planets TThe greatest Theory they hold as we said to be that which concerns the Planets ●hese they call the Interpreters because whereas the rest of the Stars are Fixed and have one settled course these having their proper courses foretell what things shall come to passe Interpreting and declaring to Men the benevolence of the Gods Of the Seaven they hold the Sun and Moon to be the chief and that the other five have lesse power than they as to the causing events Of the five they affirm that there are three which agree with and are assistant to the Sun viz. Saturn Jupiter and Mercury these they call Diurnal because the Sun to whom they are assistant praedominates over the things that are done in the day As concerning the Powers of the Five some they say are Benevolent others Malevolent others Common the Benevolent are Jupiter and Venus the Malevolent Mars and Saturn the Common Mercury who is Benevolent with the Benevolent and Malevolent with the Malevolent CHAP. III. The Divisions of the Zodiack THe Chaldaeans having at first no certain rule of observation of the other Stars in as much as they contemplated not the Signes as within their proper circumscriptions but only together with their observation of the seven Planets it came at length into their minds to divide the whole Circle into twelve parts The manner they relate thus they say that the Antients having observed some one bright Star of those in Zodiack filled a vessel in which they bored a hole with water and let the water run into another