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sense_n	animal_n	body_n	motion_n	1,765	5	7.7303	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46281	A discourse of natural bathes, and mineral waters wherein, the original of fountains in general is declared, the nature and difference of minerals with examples of particular bathes, the generation of minerals in the earth, from whence both the actual heat of bathes, and their virtues proceed, by what means mineral waters are to be discover'd, and lastly, of the nature and uses of bathes, but especially of our bathes at Bathe, in Someerset-shire / by Edw. Jorden, Doctor in Physick.	Jorden, Edward, 1569-1632.; Guidott, Thomas, fl. 1698. Appendix concerning Bathe.	1669 (1669)	Wing J1074; ESTC R19762	134,265	263

plentiful exhalations as those must be which procure lightning and thunder and the vanity of their Antiperistasis to kindle these exhalations as hath been she wed before it is a sufficient refutation to take away the subject of the question that is all subterranean fire as I hope I have done and then we need not dispute about the means of kindling it c. these momentary meteors being produced only to kindle and not to maintain this fire From the water no man will derive this fire being a cold and moist Element and apt to quench it unless it be by dilating the seminary spirits of natural species and then they concur with us and renouncing the actual fire do confirm our heat of fermentation From the earth some have imagined an inbred heat ingenitum terrae calorem whereby it seems they had some glimmering of this light which we have given but have left it in as great obscurity as the Antipenstasis or Antipathy and earth being a cold and dry Element cannot be the cause of this heat as it is earth So as it is manifest that naturally the Elements cannot procure this heat of Bathes and by violent motion they can do as little For the earth being immovable cannot be stirred by any violent motion and the other three Elements as Fire Air and Water being thin and liquid substances can procure no heat by any motion or collision either upon themselves or upon the earth especially in the bowels of the earth where all is quiet and no room or scope for any such motion as this must be So that neither the other three Elements nor the earth either in the whole or in the parts can be the cause hereof by any violent motion From mixt bodies if this heat come it must be from animals vegetables or minerals Animals are not so plentiful in the earth as to cause this heat of Bathes either alive or dead We read of subterranean animals which have both motion and sense and understanding in Vincentius in speculo naturali in Lactantius in Agricola de animantibus subterraneis in Bellonius Ortelius Paracelsus c. who calls them Gnomi the Germanes Bergmaenlin the French Rabat the Cornish-men Fairies The Danes are generally perswaded that there are such creatures But if any such living creatures be able to procure this heat it cannot be by their hot complexions but it must be by violence and striking of fire Perhaps Democritus hath hired them to make his lyme there or some other to erect forges for thunder lightning and such like fire-works Brontesque Steropesque nudus membra Pyracmon But these opinions deserve no confutation From dead animals in their putrefaction some heat may appear but such as neither for the degree nor for the continuance can be answerable to our Bathes For vegetables there is the same reason as for dead animals neither doth the earth breed such plenty of these in her bowels as to procure a months heat to a tun of water in one place Wherefore we have nothing to ground upon but mineral substances whereof the earth affords enough For there is no part of the earth but is replenished with mineral seeds And although some may think that because minerals are not found or not wrought in all places and that some waters are also found which do not participate of the virtues of minerals that therefore our hot Bathes proceed not from the fermentation of minerals but from some other cause they are mistaken For although metals are not frequent in some places or at the least not discovered yet a man shall hardly dig ten foot deep in any place but he shall find rocks of stone which have their generation as well as other minerals or some of the Salts or Bitumina or Spirits or mean metals c. And how can Bathes receive mineral qualities but from minerals Therefore where Bathes are there must be Minerals although where Minerals are there are not always Bathes But perhaps they are not so accumulated as by their contiguity they are able to yield any manifest heat their matter being dispersed as grains of corn sown in a field which by reason of their lying single do not shew a sensible heat in their fermentation or most metals breeding between a Hanger and a Lieger which Agricola calls pendens and jacens are seldome above a foot thick and therefore cannot yield much heat to our waters And this is the cause why we have so few Bathes from Gold Silver Tin Lead c. But where much matter is accumulated together the very contiguity one part lying upon another will make a manifest heat untill it grow to a corpus continuum when the generation is perfected and then the heat is extinguished Or perhaps they have not water so plentifull as may yield a living spring although they may have sufficient for the use of their generation Or perhaps where they break forth they meet with desart sands as in Arabia China Africa c. Which drink up the water and hinder the eruption of it And whereas there are some hot springs found which do not shew any mineral quality in them the reason of this may be the want of concrete juice which as I have said before is the medium of communicating mineral qualities and substances with water For without them water is as unapt to imbibe minerals as it is to unite with oyle So as water may of it self receive actual heat from the fermentation of minerals but not their qualities without the mediation of some of the concrete juices as contrariwise we find some Fouutains that receive mineral qualities and yet are cold whereof I have given many examples The reason whereof is either for that they have passed a long way and by many Meanders from the place of generation to the place of their eruption and so have lost their heat or else the concrete juices which will dissolve in water without any heat being impregnated with other minerals do impart them to water and yet without heat But to say that there is any earth without mineral seeds is to make a vacuum in rerum natura and to destroy the use of the Elements It is true that the seeds do do not alwaies meet with opportunity to display themselves and sometimes they are fain to serve under other colours which are more predominant but there is no part of the earth without some seeds or other And from hence we must derive the original of the actual heat of Bathes for nothing else in the world will serve our turn to procure so lasting and so uniform a heat unto them and that not by kindling any actual fire about them for most of our minerals whereof our Bathes consist and from whence they receive both their actual heat and virtues will not burn neither have any actual heat in themselves being all cold to the touch but receive it by a fermenting heat which they have in their generation without which there

it hath no Hot Springs of its own but is supplyed by the Overplus of Water coming from the Kings Bath And whereas it is recorded That these Bathes are not wholsome at all hours being from 8 of the Clock in the morning to three in the Afternoon Scalding Hot. It is clear that the inequality of the heat proceeds not so much from the Waters which in themselves are observed to vary very little from a constant and equal degree of heat both Winter and Summer as from the beating of the Beams of the Sun in hot weather on the Surface of them which being more troublesom to the Bathes and Mornings and Evenings more convenient for Bathing the middle part of the day is not made use of though the Waters then are as wholsome as ever But we may well pardon this learned and industrious person if he hath not in this and some other particulars done the Bathes right in regard the vastness of his designe and urgency of his occasions might hasten him hence so that haply he could not throughly inform himself in things of this Nature To conclude this Chapter I shall mention some parts of the description of that City mentioned before in the Authors own words and compare them with what Description Dr. Venner hath given of this of Bathe Aquae Grani appellatae sunt ab incolis cum Thermae tum locus ipse deducto scilicet nomine ab Aquis Calidis c. Haec urbs tametsi in valle sita montibus circumquaque septa sit incredibili tamen gaudet aeris salubritate In proximo urbis ambitu lata fere planities est in qua pascua sunt alendo pecori commodissima agri pingues Nec desunt funtes tam feris pascua irrigantes quam intus diversis urbis locis publice in plateis scaturientes Ad Orientem Rhenum ad occidentem habet Mosam Sed alias dotes ●mnes meo quidem judicio vincunt Aquarum Calidarum uterrimi simul ac Saiuberrimi fontes The words of Dr. Venner as neer the English of the former as may be are these Bathe so called from the Bathes in it is a little well compacted City c. Although the site thereof by reason of the Vici●ity of Hills may to some seem not pleasant being almost environed with them yet for goodness of Air neerness of great and delectable Rivers pleasant Meadows and plenty of excellent Water brought down from the adjacent Hills into the Streets it is pleasant and happy enough But for the Hot Waters that boyl up even in the midst thereof is more delectable and happier then any other of the Kingdom CHAP. IV Of the Bathes in particular here Of the three Hotter Bathes viz. The Kings Queens and Hot Bathe But chiefly of the Kings and in what Distempers Bathing therein is profitable HAving thus far drawn the Parallel between Bathe and Akin which as they cannot be conceived to agree in every punctilio no Comparison as they say running on four feet so it seems they cannot correspond in some of those particulars before recited without a Communication also in the Waters of many of the same Medicinal Vertues Having done this I proceed to a light gast and relish of the Vertues and usefulness of every Bath in particular And here taking it for granted till better information what the very learned and incomparable Doctor Jorden hath observed That there is very little difference in the Nature of the Bathes of Bathe but in the degree of heat they all proceeding from the same Mine which according to the intenseness or remissness of its heat in divers parts and the directness or indirectness of the passages from it may cause this Variation and also that the Minerals impregnating the Bathes in general are Bitumen Nitre and Sulphur I shall run the Parallel a little further and speak something in particular of all the Bathes and first of the Kings The Kings Bathe exceeds the rest in Heat and Dimensions being the hottest and largest of all And whereas there is another that for some time hath I know not how apprepriated the name that is common to them all and therefore gives most people occasionto imagine the heat to be more intense there then any where else I conceive at present the heat of that Bath to come as much short of that of the Kings as the Cross Bath in that instance yields to the Queens This Bath as to its vertues much resembles the Kings Bath at Akin that is consists of the same Minerals though probably not in the same proportion the German Kings Bath being accounted chiefly Sulphurous This of Bath Bituminous Which yet notwithstanding considering the great affinity Bitumen hath with Sulphur and the slender difference in their qualities being bothsupposed moderately hot and dry and therefore must both according to the common notion attract resolve mollisie and discuss will not alter much the Case not to mention that Baccius and Bauhinus and what is more natural two of our own Countreymen Doctor Turner and Doctor Venner do all agree That they are chiefly Sulphurous And whereas Rurem faith of the Kings Bath at Akin Refert haec aqua modis omnibus naturam Sulphuris cum admissione Nitri modici making mention of Sulphur and Nitre but omitting Bitumen I question not but upon Examination it would be found that Bitumen also was concern'd in that Bath as well as the Cornelian in the same City And the Catalogue of Diseases for which this Bath is profitable suggests as much bituminous waters being of a heating drying nature and suppling the nerves The Encomium he gives of this Bath and the Diseases he affirms it to do good in which for the most part agree to this of Bath also are as fellows This Bath is profitable for many distempers especially cold and moist for it heats powerfully dries drives the humors from the inward parts to the outward discusses attenuates abstergeth and that I may speak more particularly good chiefly in affections of the Nerves as Convulsions Palsies as well alone as accompanying an Apoplexie in defect of sense or motion or both It helps stiff benumm'd and trembling limbs does good in the several sorts of Gouts especially Hip and Hand-gout Discusseth Tumors Relieveth those that are streightened about the Midriff those that have a Cachexy or ill habit of body The Dropsie especially the Anasarca and Jaundice Those that are troubled with a cold distemper of the Stomach Liver or Spleen Excites and restores Appetite Easeth pains in the sides without a favour Bowess or Loins Helps cold and moist distempers of the Womb furthers Conception provokes the Terms giveth ease in uterine pains takes off weariness as well spontaneous as by excessive labour and travel c. most proper for those of a cold Constitution and somewhat corpulent and not so convenient for dry and entenuated persons To which may be added Lethargies Epilepfies Cramps Deafness Forgetfulness Aches and many

Alexander Aphr●disiensis for this opinion and saith that he had poysoned our Philosophy herein Venenav●●hanc Philosophiae partem So both he and others derive the sense motion understanding growth and the natural faculties of our souls and the peculiar properties of every thing from this original turpissimo errore as Severinus saith And Scaliger in another place concerning this D● intelleclu ratione ipsaque anima quae ●ontaminarunt istoe nebuloe Aphrodisienses pudet dicere piget meminisse I am ashamed to speak and grieved to think how this Aphrodisiensis hath polluted our reason and understanding and our very souls with his foggy doctrine in ascribing all these unto the Elements By the same reason they may ascribe the barking of Doggs the singing of Birds the laughing and speech of men to the Elements Their opinion is more probable which hold animam ex traduce and to be communicated as one light to another as Timoth. Bright proves in Physicam Scribonii and not to ascribe it to the Elements nor to miracles or new creations But there is far more reason to derive from the Elements the tastes colours smells sigures numbers quantities orders dimensions c. which appear more in corporal substances and yet these are not from the Elements For how can they give these affections to other things when they have them not themselves Si non est ab elementis gustare quare sit gustari What taste have any of these Elements Fire or heat which is the most active Element hath none And whereas it is thought that bittterness proceeds from heat we find that many sharp and tar●fruits being also very bitter before they are ripe as Olives for example yet let them hang upon the tree till they be ripe and they lose their bitterness and also their sharpness by reason of their better concoction by heat The like difference wefind between our oleum omphacinum and therpe oyle So likewise opium which is held to be very cold yet it is extream bitter so as the cold parts in it are not able to master the bitterness but this is still predominant wherefore heat can be no cause of bitterness unless it be in excess or defect as Scaliger confesseth Wormwood is very bitter being hot and dry in the second or third degree if heat were the cause of it then all other simples which are hot and dry in the same degree should be also bitter As I have said of tastes so I may say of all the other affections of natural things that they proceed not form the Elements but from the seeds and forms of every thing So for fat and unctuous substances as Sulphur Bitumen Oyle Grease c. unto what Element shall we ascribe them Not unto fire because this is extream hot and dry that is temperate in heat and very moist Moreover fire would rather consume it then generate it and Physitians judge the generation of fat in our bodies to proceed rather from cold then from heat Air if it have any ingenerate quality as some do make doubt out of Aristotle it is cold and moist as I have shewed before cap. 2 5. and therefore as it cannot agree with fire nor be a fuel to it so it cannot be any material cause of fat or oylie substance being more agreeable to water from whence it is thought to be made by rarifaction and into which it is thought to be reduced by condensation Wherefore being of a watry nature it cannot agree with oyle or fatness nor be the matter of it The like we may judge of water which doth terminate both water and air and therefore must be opposite to them both As for earth being cold and dry and solid it cannot be the matter of this which is temperate and moist and liquid Neither can all the Elements together make this substance seeing there is no unctuousness in any of them and they can give no more then they have So as I cannot see how this oylie substance which is very common in all natural things and wherein the chief faculties of every thing doth reside as their humidum radicale should be from the Elements So likewise for the substance wherewith every thing is nourished and increased and into which every thing is resolved it appears not how it should be from the Elements Hypocrates of whom Macrobius saith Nec fallere nec falli p●tuit hath two notable axioms for the clearing of this point The one is Vnumquong in id dissolvitur unde compactum est Every thing is dissolved into that whereof it was made The other Iisdem untrimur ex quibus constamus we are nourished by such things as we consist of Aristotle also hath the same If this axiom be true as I hold it to be and I know none that contradict it then we must consist of such things as we are nourished withall But we are not nourished by the Elements and therefore we consist not of them Fire nourisheth nothing water nourisheth not as Physicians conse●s Air is too thin a substance and Earth to thick And as they do not nourish them when they are single so being compounded they can do as little Aristotle saith that some Plants are nourished with water alone some with earth alone and some with both together But if earth and water be mixed for our nourishment they making but mud would make us have muddy brains We will grant the Elements to be matrices rerum naturalium the wombs and nurses of natural things but we will not grant them to be material causes Neither can we attribute more dignity unto them then we do to our Mothers who depart from their substance whereof they consist as flesh bones sinews veins arteries c. to the nourishment of their Infants but only prepare blood for them from the nutriments which they receive And all the Elements in the world cannot make this blood neither as the matter nor as the efficient But as the Mother is furnished with blood to nourish the Infant and with convenient heat to foster it withall so are the Elements stored with all manner of matter sit for all generations so as the seeds or forms of natural things will never want matter to nourish them nor will ever want forms So that it is manifest that if natural bodies be not nourished by the Elements they are not compounded of them but being nourished by other substances then the Elements they must be compounded of the like Simile simili nutritur composit a compos●● constant nutriuntur Thus much for the Genesis or generation and naration of natural things that thereby we cannot gather that they are either mad or nourished by the Elements Now let us examine whether by the Analysis or dissolution of them we may find the four Elements according to the former axiome that every thing is dissolved into that whereof it was made and is made of than whereinto it is