to take us out of Jail to restore our Laws our Employments the free exercise of our Religion our Fortunes and Estates when we were unjustly depriv'd of them and 't was a very modest expectation in them and answerable to their other measures of Politicks to think a People harrass'd and stript and plundred and condemned by them to lose their Lives and Estates which was the Case of all those who fled from hence to England and in great measure of most of those that staid here should in the height of their smart and sufferings reject the kind offers of a Deliverer to depend on a Miracle yet they pretend this is what we ought to have done and because we did it not they rail at us in the most bitter Terms they call us Rebels and Traitors Villains and Atheists and load us with all the approbrious Names their Malice and Revenge can suggest But we cannot blame them to be angry the hungry Wolf if he could speak would curse and rail as heartily at the Shepherd that rescues the Lamb out of his Paws as they do at us or our Deliverer they had devour'd us in their Imaginations they had got the Civil and Military Sword into their Hands and engrost all Places of Trust and Profit these with the Legislative Power in the hands of our ancient and most malicious Enemies were more than enough to have destroy'd us but just when they should have divided the Spoil and concluded the fatal Tragedy the Prince of Orange his present Majesty interposeth and rescueth us this disappointment mads them beyond all bounds of patience and casts them into strange fits of railing and cursing Hell Damnation Confusion to him and his Royal Consort were continually in the Mouths of their Men Women and Children with these they used to entertain one another at their Tables and Debauches and endeavoured to force them by way of Healths on Protestants In short they spare no ill Name or Execration that impotent Rage could vent or invenom'd Rancour could suggest but when all is done in their quiet Intervals their Consciences cannot but acquit us and many of them made no scruple to confess That there was no medium but that either we or they must be undone and when that was the unavoidable choice that they according to their own confession had put on us I assure my self the World will not only excuse us but will think it was our Duty to have done what we did since they had left us no other visible way but this to avoid certain and apparent Destruction CHAP. V. A short Account of those Protestants who left the Kingdom and of those that staid and submitted to King James SECT I. Concerning those who went away 1. THE former Discourse I suppose is sufficient to justifie the Protestants of Ireland as to their submission to the Government of their present Majesties and to shew the Reasons for their earnest desiring and thankfully accepting of that Deliverance which Providence offered us by their means It remains only to speak a few words in particular of those that left the Kingdom and of those that staid and submitted to King James that they may understand the truth of each others Circumstances and not either of them unjustly censure the other 2. As to those that absented themselves out of the Kingdom it is certain that they offended against no Law in doing so it being lawful for any Subject to transport himself out of one part of the Dominions of England into another it is true that there is a Law or Custom that requires such as hold Offices from the King to take a Licence from the Chief Governour but the Penalty of this is no more than the forfeiture of their Offices and I find it disputed among the Lawyers whether it reach so far now few of those that went away compar'd with the whole number of them were Officers those that were generally took Licences of absence and at worst it was at their own Peril and it had been a great severity to have taken the forfeiture which was the sence of the whole Parliament of England in making an Act to exempt such from incurring any loss 3. But Secondly they had great reason to go out of the Kingdom because they foresaw that it would be the seat of Warr they saw 40 or 50 m Men put into Arms without any fund to maintain them they knew these to be their bitter and sworn Enemies they saw the course of Justice stopt against them and their Stocks and Cattle taken away before their faces several Gentlemen of the Country lost to the value of some 1000 l. before they stirr'd and to what purpose should they stay in a place where they certainly knew that all they had would be taken from them and their Lives expos'd to the fury of their Enemies Thirdly They had no reason to stay because they could not expect to do any good by their staying or to save the Kingdome the Papists had all the Forts and Magazins of the Kingdom in their hands they had all the Arms and publick Revenues they were in number Four or Five to one Protestant and they had the face of Authority on their side and then what could a scattered Multitude without Arms without Leaders and without Authority hope to do in their own defence by going into England they reckon'd themselves not only safe but likewise in a way of serving their Countrey 'T was from thence they expected Arms Ammunition and Commissions by the help of which they might put themselves in some capacity of rescuing their Estates and Friends they left behind which they lookt on as much better Service than to stay and perish with them 4. Fourthly the memory of the cruel usage and difficult times those met with who staid in Ireland in 1641. did frighten and terrifie all that reflected on them the number of those that were then massacred and starv'd was incredible and those that escap'd got away with such circumstances that the memory of what they had suffered was as ill as death if any will be but at the pains of reading over Sir John Temples account of the first half Year of the War or rather Massacre he will be satisfied that it was no unreasonable fear made so many Protestants withdraw out of the reach of such barbarities the same Men or their Sons that committed all those bloody murders and inhumanities were again arm'd in a much more formidable manner than they ever had been before and yet at that time they were able to maintain a War for Twelve Years and live by spoil and robbery and then what were the Children of those whose Parents had been murthered by them to expect but the same fate or at best a miserable Life in a desolate and spoild Country in which no wise Man would choose to live if he could help it indeed they could not expect to live long after all was taken from them but must in
Neighbouring People In that Case there is all the Reason in the World that the Prince and People so threatened should prevent their own Ruin by timely interposing in behalf of their Neighbours and by forcing their King to desist from his Injustice and Violence against his own Subjects tho it cost a War to compass it if there appear no other means to do it And this is not only Charity to them but a point of Prudence which every Prince ows to himself Now if we consider the State of Europe at that time the growing Power of France and how much the late King was in the French Interests it will clearly appear that the Measures he took with his Subjects must have been fatal to all Europe especially to the Protestant Interest which he almost openly declared that he designed to destroy and therefore it concerned all Europe more especially Holland who lay nearer to Destruction to interpose in time and nip these Designs in the beginning which they and all Europe saw would have ended in their Destruction as soon as the Ruin of the Protestants in England and Ireland was accomplished and the present Confederacy shews this to be the general Sense of all the States and Princes in Europe as well of the Roman Catholicks as of the Protestants the Pope himself not excepted so that this which has been done to King James is not to be looked on as the single act of their present Majesties or of the People of England but of all Europe as the only means to oppose the intolerable Encroachments or the French King and his Faction 4. Thirdly the same is lawful by the common Rights of Humanity and Charity which are due to the distressed If I see a Man about to kill or destroy another tho I have no authority over either or concern with them yet Humanity obliges me to succour and rescue the oppressed and tho it be a Son that is thus wronged by his Father yet while the Father proceeds with Cruelty and apparent Injustice it alters not the Case or makes it any thing more unlawful for me to afford relief or for him to desire and accept it tho the Father should take it so ill as to engage me in a quarrel to the loss of his life Much more is it lawful for Princes to interpose with a Neighbor-Prince when they see him cruelly and injustly oppress his Subjects and there is much more reason for those Subjects to desire and accept of the kind Offers of such a Deliverer than for a Son to accept it against his Father 5. Fourthly God seems purposely to have divided the World into several Principalities and Dominions and ballanced them a mong themselves that there might be a Refuge for the oppressed and afflicted and that if one King should turn Tyrant or endeavour to destroy his People the others might interpose and stop his Hands and that the fear of being deserted by his Subjects in such a Quarrel might oblige every one to preserve their Love and Affection by Justice and good Government I have reason to believe that the Primitive Church and especially S. Cyprian was of this opinion for they give this Reason why the Church was not trusted to one but to many Bishops Saith S. Cyprian Therefore the Body of Bishops is numerous that if one be guilty of Heresie and dissipate the Flock the rest may interpose and rescue them out of his Hands And sure the Argument is as strong for the number of Temporal as of Spiritual Governors and the Necessity and Justice of their interposing with their Neighbor Princes when they attempt the Destruction of their People is as great as of a Bishops being chastised and restrained by his Fellow Bishops when he attempts to introduce Heresie 6. Fifthly This is agreeable to the Opinion of Christian Civilians and Casuists for which I desire the Reader may consult Grotius de Jure c. lib. 2. cap. 25. n. 8. where he tells us That if it were granted that Subjects might not take Arms lawfully even in the extremest necessity which yet saith he I see is doubted by those who professedly defend the Power of Kings it would not follow from thence but others might take Arms in their behalf This he proves from Reason and Authority and answers the Arguments brought against it See more to the same purpose lib. 2. cap. 20. S. 40. where he tells us That it is so much more honorable to avenge the Injuries done to another than to our selves by how much there is less danger that the sense of anothers pain should make us exceed in exacting such Revenge than of our own or byass our Judgment 7. Sixthly The same appears to be lawful from the Practice of Christian Princes who are celebrated in Histories for doing it this was the Case of Constantine the Great and the Cause of his Quarrel to Maxentius whom for his Tyranny over the Romans Constantine invaded and was received as their Deliverer when he had slain him The Cause of his invading Licinius his Brother in Law was of the like nature against whom he commenced a War for his persecuting the Christians and after he had overcome him he was received by the Christians in Licinius's room and celebrated by the Church and Historians of that time as a most holy and generous Champion in the Cause of Christ. When the King of Persia persecuted the Christians the same Prince threatened him with a War in case he did not desist and no doubt but he would have been as good as his word if the Persian King had not complyed We may observe the same to have been done in the Cause of the Orthodox against the Arrians by Constantine the Younger Son of Constantine the Great who threatened his elder Brother Constantius with a War if he did not desist from persecuting the Catholick Bishops and restore Athanasius to his Bishoprick of Alexandria that great and holy Man accepted of this Mediation and was restored by it which he would not have done if he had judged it unlawful The same was practised by King Pepin and Charles the Great against the Lombards and by all the Princes of Europe in favour of the Christians oppressed by the Turks in the holy War Queen Elizabeth did the same for Holland King James for the Prince Palatine and King Charles the First for Rochel and Bishop Laud who certainly understood the Principles of our Church encouraged both and it is one of the greatest Blemishes of the Reign of King Charles the Second that he suffered the French King to proceed so far in destroying his Protestant Subjects without interposing in their behalf which if he had effectually done he had either prevented it or got an opportunity of rendering his Reign glorious and his Kingdom faâ—e by a War which would in all probability have humbled that Monarch to the advantage of all Europe 8. I know nothing that can be objected against this except it
Body in their Employments had not substance enough to answer the Charges of a Suit much less the Damages expected by way of Reparation 2. After the Earl of Tyrconnel had named his Sheriffs of this stamp for the year 1687 it will hardly be found that any Protestant recovered any Debt by Execution The main Reason of this was the Poverty of Sheriffs which made Men unwilling to trust the Execution of a Bond for twenty pounds into their Hands they not being responsible even for such á small Summ as too many found to their cost The Mayors and other Magistrates in their new modelled Corporations were generally of the same sort In Dublin they could not pick up Men enough that had the face to appear as Burgesses and some of those that they named had not Mony to buy themselves Gowns I think their number was never complete It was yet worse in the Country Corporations in many places they were not able to pay the Attorney General 's Fees which stopped their new Charters till the calling a Parliament necessitated him to pass them gratis As to the inferior Officers of the Army such as Captains Lieutenants and Ensigns some hundreds of them had been Cow-herds Horse-boys or Footmen and perhaps these were none of their worst Men for by reason of their Education amongst Protestants they had seen and understood more than those who had lived wild on the Mountains 3. 'T is observable that the Men of clear Estates who followed his late Majesty from England through France as they were but very few so they had but little interest with him of which Duke Powis was one Instance and Lord Dover another Duke Powis made the Protestants believe and perhaps he was sincere in it that he was much against the Proceedings of the pretended Parliament and used his Interest with the King to put a stop to them but was not able to do it Lord Dover was actually dismissed from all his Employments and ready to leave the Kingdom some time before the Alteration happened by the Victory at the Boyn Now King James's Aversion to employ or trust Men of Estates and Fortunes and the reason of his Fondness of such Creatures as had no Being but what he gave them was obvious enough to us that felt it and they themselves did not deny it nay boasted of it as a great instance of his Wisdom He knew these could never thrive but by making him absolute that they would never demur at any Command or enquire for any other Law than his Will that they were out of all fear of being questioned afterwards or of having their Estates forfeited or Families beggared all which are great Restraints on Men of Estates and Honor. 4. And surely there cannot be a fuller Demonstration of a Prince's Design to lay aside the Laws and to rule by force without controul than his putting out Men of Substance and employing Men of broken and desperate Fortunes in places of Trust and Honor who having nothing else to depend upon but the Prince's pleasure must be absolute Slaves to it and yield a blind Obedience to all that is given them in Commission This is the Misery of a People when Servants rule over them And this was the Reason King James employed rather such than any others And it was impossible the Grand Segnior should have fitted himself better with Instruments for promoting an arbitrary Government than he did SECT VI. II. The Insufficiencies of the Persons employed by King James was of mischievous Consequence to the Kingdom 1. THE Poverty and Meanness of the Men was not their worst Fault It is possible that a poor Man may be both honest and able for the greatest Trust. But the Officers employed by King James were such that tho they had been very honest and willing to do Justice they yet must have done much Mischief by their Unskilfulness and Insufficiency for the Offices with which he intrusted them It was both King James's Misfortune and his Subjects that he employed very few of sober Sense and Experience about him whether it was that he could not get Men of Sense to go through with him in all things that he would have had done or whether it proceeded from the Servility observable in dull People whereby they flatter and gain on Princes Or lastly from a Humor incident to great Men which makes them unwilling to have Servants able to pry into their Designs But however it was it was remarkable in King James that dull heavy Men kept his Favor longer and more steadily than Men of Sense and Parts and he generallly chose out the most unfit and most uncapable for Preferments It is plain that even in England he designed the Army should be supplyed with Irish and this Project went farther than the Army he was filling the Burroughs and Corporations with them also and no Body knew where the humour would have stopped Now if there had been nothing else their being kept out of all Employments and Trusts by the Laws for many years past must have incapacitated them and all Roman Catholicks for managing the Affairs of the Kingdom to advantage they neither had fit Education nor had they applyed their minds to the Management of such Affairs they were absolute Strangers to every thing that concerned the publick and then no wonder that they went aukwardly and untowardly about Business How was it conceivable that they should escape signal and mischievous Errors in the Discharge of Offices to which they had never been bred up and of which they never thought till they were put to manage them And yet this they were constrained to do without the Aid or Assistance of any to help them and that under the most difficult Circumstances for the former Officers looked on their Offices as their Freeholds and conceived a great Resentment against such as had turned them out of them against Law and Justice and therefore left them as inâ—â—icate and their Successors as little Information as they could who according to the Nature of ignorant Men were too proud to ask assistance from the others if those had been willing to afford them instruction 2. It is not imaginable how many Inconveniences happened on this Account nothing was done by any Rule or Method the Subjects were every day oppressed and the Officers made themselves ridiculous by their Blunders and Mistakes every Body was petitioning by reason of these Grievances and no Body knew how to redress them None of the new Officers understood his own Business or how to distinguish his Province from another Man's The knavish part of Offices in putting Tricks on People and getting Money were all the Study of the new employed Gentlemen The real and substantial parts of the Offices for which they were instituted and designed were little known and less minded nor could it be expected to be otherwise Could any imagine for Example that Chancellor Fitton that had lain in prison many years and not appeared in any
further reserv'd to prove a Correspondence against the few Estated Men that were in the Kingdom Lastly It was the end of Sept. 1688. before we heard any thing of the Prince of Orange's design to make a Descent into England and yet to have been in England or Scotland any time in the Month before or to have corresponded with any there is made Forfeiture of Estate by the Letter of this Statute 4. Least the Children and Descendents of the Protestants thus attainted who had Estates before 1641. should come in and claim them after the Death of the attainted Persons by virtue of Settlements made on valuable Considerations and upon Marriages all such Remainders and Reversions are cut off for there is an express Exception to all Remainders on such as are commonly call'd Plantation-lands and likewise to such Lands c. as are held by Grants from the Crown or upon Grants by Commissioners upon defective Titles It were too tedious to explain these several kinds of Tenures it is sufficient to let the Reader know that they comprehend all those Estates which were acquir'd by Protestants before the year 1641. Thus then the case stood with the Protestants if they purchased or acquired their Estates since the year 1641. out of any of the Lands then forfeited they were to lose them whether Guilty or Innocent by the Act of Repeal if their Estates were such as belong'd to Protestants before 1641. and consequently were what we call Old Interest then to have been in England or Scotland or to have corresponded with any of their Friends there or in the North since August 1. 1688. was a Forfeiture of Estate and a Bar for their Remainders for ever tho the Heirs had done nothing to divest themselves of the Estates derived to them by legal Settlements on valuable Considerations And here the Partiality of this Parliament is visible for there is a saving in the Act for all such Remainders as they thought might relate to any Papist whereas all the Remainders in which they did imagine Protestants could be concern'd are bar'd 5. There is indeed a promise of reprizing Purchasers in the Act of Repeal which was put in to qualifie the manifest Injustice of it and to satisfie the Clamors of several amongst themselves who were to lose their Estates by it as having purchased new interested Land But least any Protestant who staid in the Kingdom should hope for Benefit by this Clause or be repriz'd for the Lands he had purchased perhaps from a Papist they contrive a Clause in the latter end of the Act Whereby the King is enabled to gratifie Meriting Persons and to order the Commissioners to set forth Reprizals and likewise to appoint and ascertain where and what Lands should be set out to them By which the Protestants were excluded from all hopes of Reprizals for to be sure where any of them put in for a piece of Land there would never want a Meriting Papist to put in for the same and when it was left intirely to K. James which he would prefer of those two let the World judge what hope any Protestant could have of a Reprizal Thus when Sir Thomas Newcomen put in Proposals for a Custodiam in order to a Reprizal Mr. Robert Longfield a Convert and Clerk of the Quit-rents and Absentees Goods is said to have put his own Name to Sir Thomas's Proposal and to have got the Custodiam for himself 6. Lastly Some might think that tho near 3000 Protestants were attainted and the Estates of all the rest in a manner vested in the King yet this was only done in terrorem and that K. James never meant to take the Forfeiture To this I answer That it was not left in his power to pardon any that was attainted or whose Estate was vested in him by this Act this was if we believe his Majesty more than he knew when he pass'd it and was one reason why the Act of Attainder was made so great a Secret that no Copy could be gotten of it by any Protestant till the Easter after it was pass'd and then it was gotten by a meer accident We had from the beginning labor'd to get it and offer'd largely for a Copy but could not by any means prevail Chancellor Fitton keeping the Rolls lock'd up in his Closet till at last a Gentleman procur'd it by a Stratagem which was thus Sir Thomas Southwell had been condemned for High-Treason against King James amongst other Gentlemen at Gallway in March 1688. and attainted in the Act of Attainder also he continued a Prisoner till my Lord Seaforth became acquainted with him my Lord undertook to reconcile him to the King and to get his Pardon K. James promis'd it on the Earl's Application and order was given to draw up a Warrant for it The Gentleman I mentioned being a Lawyer and an Acquaintance of Sir Thomas's was employ'd to draw it up he immediately apprehended this to be a good opportunity to get a Copy of the Act of Attainder which he had labor'd for in vain before and which was kept from us by so much Injustice He told the Earl therefore and Sir Thomas what was the real Truth that he could not draw up an effectual Pardon except he saw the Act that attainted him Hereupon the Earl obtain'd an express order from the King to have a Copy deliver'd to him Thus I believe was the only Copy taken of it after it was inrolled it was taken for the use of a Papist and was lent to the Earl who was permitted to shew it to his Lawyer and accordingly left it with him only for one day who immediately imploy'd several Persons to Copy it and the Copy was sent by the first Opportunity into England The List of the Names of those that were attainted had been obtained the January before with difficulty the Commissioners in the Custom-house who seiz'd Absentees Goods and set their Estates could not do their Work without such a List and that which was Printed in England with some of the Acts of our Irish Parliament was coppied from thence but the Act it self could not then be procured and therefore was not Printed with them When the Lawyer had drawn up the Warrant for Sir Thomas's Pardon with a full Non obstante to the Act of Attainder the Earl brought it to the Attorney General Sir Richard Nagle to have a Fiant drawn the Attorney read it and with Indignation threw it aside the Earl began to expostulate with him for using the King's Warrant at that rate The Attorney told him That the King did not know what he had done that he had attempted to do a thing that was not in his power to do that if the Earl understood our Laws or had seen the Act of Attainder he would be satisfied that the King could not dispense with it My Lord answered That he understood Sense and Reason and that he was not a Stranger to the Act of Attainder Sir Richard would
a little time have unavoidably starv'd a Trades-man might expect to live by his Industry a Gentleman on his Credit in a peaceable Countrey or in War by listing themselves in any Army But in Ireland where Men neither were suffered to use their Industry nor batake themselves to Arms where they could neither enjoy the means of gaining a livelihood in Peace or War to what purpose should they stay to live at the best in Poverty Contempt and Slavery 5. As to the Clergy that left the Kingdom it is to be considered that most of those in the Countrey were robb'd and plunder'd and nothing left them to support themselves and families before they went away many were deserted by their People their Parishioners leaving them and getting to England or Scotland before them some Parishioners were so kind to their Ministers that they begg'd and entreated them to be gone which they were mov'd to do because they saw the spite and malice of their Enemies was more peculiarly bent against the Clergy and they imagined that their removing would a little allay the heat of those spiteful Men and that the Robbers would not so often visit the neighbourhood when the Minister was gone which in many places had the effect intended for the Robbers would come a great way to rob a Gentleman or Clergyman and would be sure to visit the poor peoples houses in their passages But when these were remov'd the obscurity of the meaner People did protect them from many violences Lastly many Clergymen were forc'd to remove because they had nothing left to live on their Parishioners were as poor as themselves and utterly unable to help them I do consess that there was no reason to complain of the Peoples backwardness to maintain the Clergy on the contrary they contributed to the utmost of their power and beyond it and made no distinction of Sects many Dissenters of all sorts except Quakers contributing liberally to this good end which ought to be remembred to their honour but after all in many places a whole Parish what with the ruin and desolation brought on the Kingdom and what with the removal of the Protestant Parishioners was not able to contribute 20 s. to maintain their Minister and meer necessity forced away these Ministers Against some others the Government had peculiar piques and exceptions those were in manifest hazard of their Lives and in fear every day of being seiz'd and brought to a Tryal on some feign'd Crime And several both of the Clergy and Laity were forc'd to fly on this account for their safety All these I look on to be justifiable reasons of Mens withdrawing If any went away on any other principles who were not in these or the like circumstances I shall leave them to the censure of the World but I believe very few will be found for whom either their publick or private circumstances may not justly apologize 6. It is not to be suppos'd that Men would have left their plentiful Estates and Settlements their well furnisht Houses and comfortable ways of living as most of these who went away did had they not been under the greatest fears and pressures Wives would not have left their Husbands nor Parents their Children Men of Estates and Fortunes would not have ventured their Lives in little Wherries and Boats to pass Seas famous for their Ship wracks if they could with any comfort or safety have stayed at home I know King James took care to have it suggested in England that all these left Ireland not out of any real fear or necessity but only with a disign to make him and his Government odious but sure they must think the Protestants of Ireland were very fond of a Collection in England that can imagine so many thousand people of all sorts and sexes should conspire together to ruine themselves and throw away all that they had in the World out of malice and only to bring an Odium on a Party that had done them no harm 7. Neither was it as some suggest a vain and pannick fear that possessed them that went away for that could not continue for a Year or Two but those that had lived under King James a Year and half were as earnest to get away as those that went at first and the longer they liv'd under him their fear and apprehensions increas'd the more on them being already ruined in their Fortunes and their Lives in daily and apparent hazard from military and illegal proceedings They liv'd amongst a People that daily robb'd plundered and affronted them that assaulted their Persons and threatned their Lives and wanted only the word to cut their Throats and sure 't was then time to withdraw from the danger at any rate and I am confident I speak the sence of the generality of those that stayed that if the Seas had been left open some few Months before his Majesty appear'd in the Field in Ireland far the greatest part I may venture to say almost all of those that had stayed till then would have gone away with their Lives only rather than have continued here longer Whoever knows the cruelty and malice of those with whom we had to deal will own these fears to be reasonable Yet for this we were condemned to death and forfeiture and the very Children barr'd of their rights against the known Laws and Customs of the Kingdom SECT II. A justification of those Protestants who staid in Ireland and lived in submission to King James's Government 1. NOt withstanding the great number of Protestants that fled to England yet many stay'd behind perhaps some may accuse their Prudence in venturing to stay under such circumstances but otherwise I think little can be objected against them however lest any should entertain any sinister thoughts of them 't will be necessary to say something in their behalf They were of Four sorts 1. the meaner People 2. Gentry of Estates 3. Such as had employments and 4. the Clergy 2. First as to the meaner People 't is to be considered that it was no easy thing to get away the freight of Ships and Lycences were at very high rates and sometimes not to be purchased at all Many of the Countrey People could not get to the Sea Ports they had little Money their riches were in their Stocks and these being plundered they were not able to raise so much money as would transport them and their Families and they generally came too late to the Ports A strict Embargo being laid on all Ships before they could get to the Sea side many of the Citizens of Dublin and other Sea Ports got off but were forc'd to leave their Shops and Concerns behind in the hands of their Relations and Dependents who were obliged to stay to take care of them Others thought it unreasonable to leave all they had to go to beg in a strange Countrey and having no body to trust with their Concerns resolv'd to hazard themselves together with them If these