present_a possessor_n against_o the_o dispossess_v if_o that_o construction_n be_v admit_v though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o well_o observe_v it_o can_v be_v no_o security_n at_o all_o unto_o they_o if_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v for_o their_o security_n it_o be_v a_o vain_a and_o insignificant_a oath_n but_o if_o it_o be_v intend_v for_o any_o thing_n it_o be_v certain_o design_v to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o great_a i_o may_v say_v the_o only_a danger_n they_o be_v in_o and_o that_o be_v from_o the_o attempt_n of_o k._n j._n but_o after_o all_o if_o we_o affix_v this_o sense_n upon_o the_o oath_n that_o great_a and_o wise_a security_n amount_v only_o to_o this_o that_o we_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o present_a possessor_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o help_n but_o a_o halter_n for_o it_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o become_v safe_a and_o prudent_a to_o attempt_v it_o we_o will_v then_o with_o all_o our_o might_n endeavour_v to_o dethrone_v they_o and_o restore_v the_o lawful_a king_n to_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n in_o short_a that_o we_o will_v â—â—t_n attempt_v to_o destroy_v k._n w._n till_o we_o have_v 〈…〉_z babble_n hope_n to_o effect_v it_o and_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v 〈◊〉_d so_o great_a and_o wise_a a_o body_n as_o be_v the_o parliament_n of_o england_n shall_v after_o great_a labour_n and_o struggle_v in_o its_o birth_n produce_v a_o thing_n so_o judicrous_a will_n k._n w_n will_v any_o k._n upon_o earth_n be_v content_a with_o such_o security_n as_o this_o will_v he_o not_o rather_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o open_a declaration_n of_o rebellion_n against_o he_o be_v this_o to_o swear_v true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o namely_o to_o submit_v till_o we_o can_v prudent_o rebel_v against_o he_o be_v there_o ever_o any_o such_o oath_n exact_v from_o subject_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o government_n in_o short_a if_o this_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o oath_n as_o none_o but_o mad_a man_n will_v have_v enact_v it_o so_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v propose_v to_o madman_n only_o to_o take_v it_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a none_o else_o will_v contrive_v or_o execute_v any_o attempt_n against_o he_o without_o hope_n of_o success_n and_o yet_o this_o must_v be_v the_o sense_n of_o those_o who_o take_v it_o with_o a_o reserve_n of_o their_o old_a allegiance_n to_o k._n j._n for_o by_o that_o allegiance_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n whensoever_o their_o assistance_n may_v be_v useful_a and_o serviceable_a to_o his_o cause_n but_o to_o swear_v allegiance_n in_o this_o sense_n be_v plain_o to_o swear_v nothing_o at_o all_o it_o be_v only_o the_o phantom_n of_o a_o allegiance_n and_o will_v not_o only_o deceive_v but_o destroy_v they_o that_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v secure_v by_o it_o here_o therefore_o i_o may_v appeal_v to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o all_o man_n whether_o that_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o do_v direct_o contradict_v the_o whole_a end_n and_o intention_n of_o it_o and_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n incredible_a that_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o shall_v enact_v a_o oath_n to_o secure_v the_o present_a government_n and_o in_o the_o same_o oath_n allow_v the_o taker_n leave_v to_o attempt_v the_o destruction_n of_o it_o and_o whether_o last_o i_o have_v not_o reason_n to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o invincible_a prejudice_n against_o that_o construction_n and_o may_v not_o now_o have_v leave_v to_o add_v that_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n against_o it_o and_o the_o same_o reason_a will_n in_o some_o measure_n hold_v against_o a_o neutrality_n also_o because_o that_o also_o do_v defeat_v the_o provision_n intend_v in_o this_o oath_n for_o the_o security_n of_o k._n w._n the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o the_o former_a construction_n do_v permit_v the_o swearer_n to_o be_v still_o enemy_n to_o the_o government_n but_o this_o leave_v it_o without_o any_o friend_n to_o support_v it_o the_o one_o do_v in_o effect_n arm_v the_o subject_n to_o destroy_v it_o and_o the_o other_o leave_v it_o naked_a and_o defenceless_a to_o be_v destroy_v by_o they_o both_o be_v high_o pernicious_a to_o the_o present_a governor_n and_o absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o prime_n and_o immediate_a intention_n of_o the_o oath_n to_o secure_v they_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o a_o peaceable_a neutrality_n be_v it_o swear_v and_o observe_v by_o all_o the_o subject_n will_v infallible_o secure_v the_o possessor_n against_o all_o attempt_n to_o dethrone_v they_o and_o that_o however_o if_o such_o attempt_n be_v make_v since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o subject_n do_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v by_o the_o oath_n to_o a_o active_a assissistance_n the_o possessor_n will_v be_v effectual_o secure_v by_o it_o but_o 1._o the_o imposer_n know_v well_o enough_o that_o there_o be_v great_a number_n that_o will_v neither_o swear_v nor_o observe_v a_o neutrality_n but_o will_v actual_o assist_v the_o dispossess_v k._n against_o they_o and_o that_o therefore_o in_o such_o a_o dangerous_a conjuncture_n a_o bare_a neutrality_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n can_v be_v no_o tolerable_a security_n against_o they_o and_o 2._o if_o they_o intend_v to_o oblige_v the_o subject_a only_o to_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n it_o be_v a_o gross_a prevarication_n so_o to_o frame_v the_o oath_n on_o purpose_n that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o most_o man_n it_o may_v import_v a_o obligation_n contradictory_n to_o it_o and_o beside_o if_o that_o alone_o be_v the_o precise_a intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n than_o the_o government_n will_v be_v secure_v not_o by_o the_o oath_n itself_o but_o by_o a_o false_a construction_n of_o it_o wherefore_o this_o single_a consideration_n of_o the_o chief_a end_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v clear_o evince_v the_o first_o and_o high_a construction_n to_o be_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o i_o will_v further_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v by_o all_o the_o medium_n by_o which_o the_o meaning_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v prove_v and_o those_o be_v only_o these_o two_o the_o word_n which_o the_o imposer_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o to_o declare_v their_o meaning_n and_o their_o intention_n otherwise_o sufficient_o express_v by_o circumstance_n and_o other_o action_n which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o comment_n upon_o the_o oath_n and_o may_v ascertain_v we_o of_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o and_o 1._o i_o consider_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n faithful_a and_o true_a allegiance_n which_o contain_v all_o the_o promissory_a part_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o have_v occasion_v all_o the_o different_a construction_n of_o it_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o word_n general_o speak_v have_v their_o signification_n only_o from_o the_o institution_n of_o man_n and_o those_o that_o be_v vulgar_o use_v and_o understand_v in_o any_o language_n from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o language_n and_o those_o that_o be_v understand_v only_o by_o a_o few_o such_o as_o be_v call_v term_n of_o art_n from_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o several_a art_n and_o science_n the_o word_n faithful_a and_o true_a allegiance_n may_v be_v consider_v in_o both_o respect_n as_o they_o be_v vulgar_o take_v and_o understand_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o as_o they_o be_v law-term_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o lawyer_n and_o first_o i_o will_v consider_v what_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o lawyer_n 1._o i_o observe_v that_o the_o lord_n coke_n in_o calvin_n case_n do_v affirm_v that_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n have_v only_o one_o signification_n and_o there_o he_o produce_v several_a instance_n to_o show_v that_o esse_fw-la ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la regis_fw-la signify_v only_o to_o be_v in_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o king_n according_o the_o same_o oath_n be_v sometime_o call_v oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o sometime_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n without_o any_o distinction_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v fidelity_n to_o be_v fidei_fw-la obsequii_fw-la &_o servitii_fw-la ligamen_fw-la which_o be_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o allegiance_n so_o that_o even_o in_o this_o short_a oath_n there_o be_v still_o a_o word_n too_o much_o since_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n do_v signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o express_v the_o same_o duty_n of_o subjection_n 2._o the_o subject_n of_o england_n may_v in_o two_o respect_n be_v style_v fideles_fw-la regis_fw-la first_o as_o they_o be_v member_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a fideles_fw-la and_o be_v therefore_o oblige_v to_o pay_v the_o k._n that_o fidelity_n
his_o enemy_n but_o this_o objection_n will_v be_v of_o no_o force_n if_o it_o be_v consider_v 1._o that_o allegiance_n bind_v in_o general_a to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o king_n crown_n and_o person_n which_o imply_v many_o other_o positive_a dutieâ—-besides_a military_a assistance_n as_o aid_n of_o money_n and_o advice_n discovery_n of_o conspiracy_n and_o the_o like_a now_o if_o the_o law_n which_o have_v oblige_v subject_n in_o general_a do_v exempt_a ecclesiastic_n from_o the_o military_a duty_n of_o allegiance_n than_o there_o be_v a_o express_a exception_n of_o they_o as_o to_o those_o duty_n and_o this_o very_a exception_n do_v show_v that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o all_o the_o other_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n which_o be_v as_o absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o a_o peaceable_a neutrality_n as_o the_o military_a assistance_n can_v possible_o be_v but_o 2._o though_o the_o law_n have_v ordinary_o exempt_v clergyman_n from_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o sovereign_n yet_o it_o be_v never_o doubt_v but_o that_o in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n when_o the_o life_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v in_o imminent_a danger_n and_o there_o be_v no_o other_o person_n to_o defend_v it_o and_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o churchman_n to_o save_v it_o though_o with_o the_o hazard_n of_o his_o own_o that_o in_o such_o a_o exigency_n he_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o allegiance_n to_o a_o personal_a and_o military_a assistance_n of_o he_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v still_o true_a that_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o allegiance_n to_o a_o military_a defence_n of_o their_o sovereign_n when_o necessity_n shall_v require_v it_o and_o yet_o further_o 3._o though_o spiritual_a person_n be_v not_o ordinary_o oblige_v to_o defend_v their_o sovereign_n with_o secular_a arm_n yet_o their_o allegiance_n bind_v they_o to_o do_v it_o with_o arm_n more_o prevalent_a and_o efficasious_a viz._n prayer_n and_o intercession_n with_o god_n for_o their_o safety_n and_o victory_n over_o all_o their_o enemy_n thus_o zouch_n tell_v we_o out_o of_o the_o grand_a customary_a of_o normandy_n that_o bishop_n 9_o and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a person_n who_o hold_v land_n grant_v in_o frank_n almoine_n or_o in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la be_v bound_n to_o no_o other_o service_n but_o to_o pray_v for_o the_o prince_n and_o intercede_v with_o god_n for_o his_o safety_n this_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o allegiance_n most_o especial_o incumbent_a upon_o they_o who_o wait_v at_o the_o altar_n less_o than_o this_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v require_v of_o they_o and_o a_o great_a and_o more_o beneficial_a service_n can_v possible_o be_v perform_v by_o any_o one_o and_o it_o be_v never_o yet_o hear_v that_o a_o churchman_n can_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o a_o prince_n and_o yet_o can_v not_o pray_v that_o he_o may_v have_v victory_n over_o all_o his_o enemy_n this_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o allegiance_n which_o our_o church_n have_v express_o require_v of_o we_o in_o her_o liturgy_n 242._o nay_o it_o have_v be_v teach_v we_o by_o the_o catholic_n church_n of_o all_o age_n wherein_o prayer_n have_v be_v constant_o make_v for_o peace_n and_o safety_n for_o prosperity_n and_o victory_n tertull._n not_o unto_o christian_a emperor_n only_o 30._o but_o even_o to_o the_o most_o cruel_a persecutor_n of_o christianity_n and_o if_o this_o be_v the_o duty_n peculiar_o of_o churchman_n than_o it_o be_v their_o duty_n undoubted_o in_o their_o station_n to_o contribute_v all_o other_o actual_a assistance_n also_o and_o if_o this_o be_v a_o necessary_a branch_n of_o allegiance_n than_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o can_v swear_v allegiance_n with_o a_o design_n of_o neutrality_n or_o a_o reserve_n of_o allegiance_n to_o k._n j._n for_o then_o we_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o pray_v reciprocal_o backward_o and_o forward_o that_o j._n may_v vanquish_v w._n and_o w._n vanquish_v j._n and_o that_o both_o may_v have_v victory_n over_o all_o their_o enemy_n when_o they_o be_v irreconcilable_a enemy_n to_o each_o other_o wherefore_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o faith_n and_o true_a allegiance_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o common_a sense_n and_o understanding_n of_o the_o people_n do_v signify_v such_o a_o allegiance_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o high_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o construction_n be_v the_o true_a declare_v meaning_n of_o it_o for_o the_o declare_a meaning_n must_v be_v express_v in_o word_n and_o word_n must_v be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o know_v the_o usual_a and_o genuine_a signification_n of_o they_o and_o if_o man_n will_v take_v a_o liberty_n of_o impose_v a_o quite_o different_a sense_n upon_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n there_o be_v a_o end_n of_o all_o promise_n and_o oath_n of_o all_o faith_n and_o commerce_n among_o mankind_n and_o then_o i_o know_v not_o why_o in_o the_o present_a oath_n w._n may_v not_o signify_v j._n and_o allegiance_n rebellion_n hitherto_o i_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o reason_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o the_o word_n themselves_o in_o which_o it_o be_v express_v do_v necessary_o oblige_v we_o to_o the_o high_a construction_n of_o it_o and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a concurrence_n of_o both_o these_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n than_o there_o be_v nothing_o want_v to_o induce_v a_o moral_a certainty_n of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o but_o because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n may_v be_v search_v into_o by_o other_o mean_n beside_o the_o naked_a force_n of_o the_o word_n as_o by_o probable_a conjecture_n ground_v upon_o circumstance_n and_o their_o other_o imposition_n and_o proceed_n which_o have_v some_o relation_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o show_v that_o even_o these_o also_o do_v afford_v reasonable_a ground_n to_o persuade_v the_o sense_n i_o have_v here_o assert_v to_o be_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o but_o here_o there_o be_v two_o caution_n to_o be_v premise_v first_o that_o when_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n do_v according_a to_o the_o vulgar_a customary_a or_o legal_a acceptation_n of_o they_o evident_o express_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n 7._o than_o the_o enquiry_n into_o the_o same_o intention_n by_o circumstance_n and_o appendage_n be_v of_o no_o importance_n for_o the_o word_n be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a sign_n of_o the_o intention_n and_o when_o they_o do_v clear_o represent_v it_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o very_a word_n otherwise_o it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v be_v ascertain_v of_o the_o meaning_n of_o any_o law_n if_o no_o word_n how_o clear_a soever_o can_v express_v it_o and_o so_o to_o make_v a_o law_n will_v be_v a_o thing_n impracticable_a ibidem_fw-la because_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n can_v not_o possible_o be_v express_v therefore_o second_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n be_v the_o best_a and_o sure_a mean_n of_o express_v the_o intention_n unless_o clear_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n can_v be_v produce_v to_o show_v 418._o that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n be_v quite_o different_a from_o what_o the_o natural_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n do_v import_v the_o genuine_a signification_n of_o they_o be_v always_o to_o be_v adhere_v to_o so_o say_v the_o civil-law_n express_o non_fw-la aliter_fw-la a_o significatione_n verborum_fw-la ejus_fw-la recedi_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la manifestum_fw-la aliud_fw-la ipsum_fw-la sensisse_fw-la and_o the_o necessity_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v evident_a for_o if_o it_o be_v allow_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o word_n but_o upon_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o a_o different_a intention_n every_o one_o may_v wrest_v the_o law_n as_o he_o please_v and_o the_o law_n will_v not_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o duty_n but_o the_o subject_n arbitrary_a gloss_n on_o it_o suppose_v therefore_o not_o grant_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v not_o clear_o represent_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o legislator_n proceed_v we_o now_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o from_o circumstance_n and_o other_o action_n of_o the_o imposer_n and_o 1._o i_o consider_v that_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o act_n declare_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o settle_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n have_v impose_v this_o and_o no_o other_o oath_n upon_o their_o military_a officer_n and_o soldier_n and_o it_o seem_v very_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o they_o shall_v intend_v to_o oblige_v they_o only_o to_o a_o peaceable_a neutrality_n or_o leave_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o notwithstanding_o the_o oath_n to_o assist_v k._n j._n against_o themselves_o but_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v reasonable_a
all_o man_n will_v act_v with_o the_o same_o plainness_n and_o sincerity_n if_o they_o will_v be_v true_a to_o their_o own_o sense_n and_o apprehension_n and_o not_o disguise_v they_o with_o artifice_n and_o subtlety_n there_o will_v possible_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o present_a enquiry_n nor_o of_o prove_v that_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o contradictory_n sense_n that_o they_o signify_v the_o same_o duty_n now_o which_o always_o they_o have_v do_v that_o when_o they_o be_v swear_v to_o one_o sovereign_a they_o be_v incommuninicable_a at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o any_o other_o that_o we_o must_v not_o bind_v ourselves_o to_o contradictory_n obligation_n and_o can_v possible_o be_v faithful_a to_o k._n w._n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n and_o to_o k._n j._n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n also_o and_o now_o i_o hope_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n faith_n and_o true_a allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n do_v not_o signify_v mere_a submission_n and_o obedience_n only_o but_o also_o faithful_a service_n and_o actual_a assistance_n of_o our_o sovereign_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v in_o the_o law_n sometime_o call_v oath_n of_o obedience_n but_o obedience_n then_o do_v import_v the_o whole_a duty_n of_o a_o subject_a to_o his_o sovereign_n and_o not_o precise_o a_o peaceable_a conformity_n to_o the_o law_n abstract_v from_o all_o the_o other_o duty_n of_o a_o subject_a and_o this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v prove_v from_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o obedience_n in_o its_o utmost_a latitude_n do_v comprehend_v the_o duty_n of_o fidelity_n and_o assistance_n also_o for_o every_o act_n of_o duty_n be_v a_o act_n of_o obedience_n and_o therefore_o if_o actual_a assistance_n be_v a_o duty_n to_o discharge_v it_o be_v obedience_n second_o the_o same_o oath_n be_v more_o often_o call_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o therefore_o if_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n do_v as_o i_o have_v show_v imply_v more_o than_o peaceable_a submission_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o law_n it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o it_o do_v not_o imply_v so_o much_o because_o the_o same_o oath_n be_v sometime_o express_v by_o another_o word_n three_o peaceable_a submission_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o law_n do_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o such_o a_o local_a allegiance_n as_o be_v due_a from_o alien_n and_o i_o be_o pretty_a certain_a that_o the_o law_n require_v something_o more_o of_o natural_a english_a subject_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o allegiance_n than_o they_o do_v from_o german_n and_o italian_n while_o they_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n this_o confound_a of_o allegiance_n and_o precise_a obedience_n to_o the_o lawful_a command_n of_o a_o sovereign_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la be_v a_o very_a common_a and_o obvious_a mistake_n thus_o the_o author_n of_o the_o pastoral_n letter_n bring_v this_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v this_o oath_n in_o question_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o obey_v the_o king_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o promise_v to_o do_v it_o and_o if_o so_o it_o also_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v it_o therefore_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o be_v just_a such_o a_o argument_n as_o this_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o bow_v before_o the_o king_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o pay_v divine_a adoration_n to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o it_o be_v also_o lawful_a to_o swear_v that_o i_o will_v pay_v divine_a worship_n to_o he_o for_o as_o religious_a worship_n imply_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o civil_a so_o do_v allegiance_n contain_v more_o than_o precise_a obedience_n i_o may_v lawful_o obey_v a_o highwayman_n and_o i_o may_v lawful_o swear_v it_o but_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o follow_v thence_o that_o i_o may_v lawful_o swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a and_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o he_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v obedience_n to_o cromwell_n in_o all_o lawful_a thing_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v few_o even_o in_o that_o age_n of_o usurpation_n that_o be_v so_o hardy_a as_o to_o assert_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o that_o unnatural_a usurper_n dr._n sanderson_n prove_v that_o it_o may_v be_v our_o duty_n to_o obey_v the_o law_n of_o a_o usurper_n not_o out_o of_o any_o regard_n to_o his_o authority_n which_o he_o say_v be_v none_o at_o all_o but_o upon_o other_o consideration_n ascham_n yet_o he_o be_v absolute_o against_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o usurper_n both_o he_o and_o all_o the_o conscientious_a divine_n of_o that_o age_n can_v easy_o distinguish_v allegiance_n from_o obey_v and_o so_o may_v any_o one_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o resolve_v against_o it_o the_o pastoral_a author_n add_v indeed_o that_o allegiance_n in_o our_o present_a acceptation_n be_v obedience_n according_a to_o law_n which_o be_v true_a if_o obedience_n be_v take_v in_o its_o utmost_a latitude_n but_o than_o it_o will_v include_v a_o obligation_n to_o assist_v k._n w._n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n they_o who_o refuse_v the_o oath_n will_v i_o presume_v refuse_v also_o to_o obey_v he_o it_o have_v be_v object_v further_o that_o whereas_o the_o actual_a assistance_n of_o the_o king_n against_o all_o attempt_n whatsoever_o be_v insert_v either_o express_o or_o in_o word_n equivalent_a in_o all_o the_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n but_o in_o the_o present_a oath_n it_o be_v whole_o omit_v and_o therefore_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v presume_v that_o where_o less_o be_v express_v less_o be_v require_v and_o that_o if_o the_o imposer_n have_v intend_v such_o actual_a assistance_n they_o will_v probable_o in_o plain_a word_n have_v require_v it_o what_o the_o reason_n be_v of_o make_v this_o and_o other_o alteration_n in_o the_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o i_o have_v no_o mean_n of_o know_v so_o neither_o be_v it_o of_o any_o moment_n to_o inquire_v to_o the_o objection_n propose_v it_o will_v suffice_v to_o answer_v that_o the_o duty_n of_o actual_a assistance_n against_o all_o man_n live_v be_v sufficient_o express_v in_o it_o for_o in_o the_o oath_n we_o be_v require_v to_o swear_v true_a allegiance_n and_o that_o do_v vi_fw-la termini_fw-la import_v such_o a_o obligation_n and_o as_o no_o particular_a duty_n of_o allegiance_n be_v express_v in_o the_o oath_n so_o neither_o be_v any_o except_v and_o therefore_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o it_o and_o what_o those_o be_v may_v be_v understand_v from_o the_o law_n and_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n itself_o which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v have_v always_o signify_v a_o adherence_n to_o the_o liege_n lord_n against_o all_o man_n live_v and_o if_o the_o bare_a omission_n of_o particularise_v this_o duty_n be_v a_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v then_o be_v no_o particular_a duty_n intend_v for_o there_o be_v none_o express_v and_o so_o the_o result_n will_v be_v that_o when_o we_o swear_v allegiance_n we_o take_v god_n name_n in_o vain_a and_o swear_v to_o nothing_o at_o all_o and_o this_o be_v the_o answer_n feud_n which_o the_o feudist_n have_v long_o since_o give_v to_o the_o objection_n cujacius_n say_v that_o the_o clause_n of_o defend_v the_o life_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n else_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v express_v in_o such_o oath_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o general_a promise_n of_o fidelity_n molinaeus_n tell_v we_o debentur_fw-la that_o a_o certain_a form_n be_v not_o require_v but_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o swear_v in_o general_a word_n as_o for_o instance_n i_o swear_v the_o fealty_n of_o a_o vassal_n or_o i_o do_v homage_n under_o a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a particular_o to_o express_v the_o head_n of_o fidelity_n for_o that_o be_v well_o enough_o understand_v by_o a_o tacit_n reference_n to_o those_o duty_n which_o be_v require_v by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o custom_n and_o he_o add_v it_o may_v be_v also_o answer_v that_o particular_a duty_n be_v not_o therefore_o express_v in_o those_o oath_n because_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a but_o only_o for_o the_o clear_a understanding_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v one_o objection_n more_o which_o must_v be_v consider_v viz._n that_o this_o be_v a_o oath_n impose_v upon_o clergyman_n as_o well_o as_o other_o and_o that_o since_o the_o law_n have_v ever_o exempt_v they_o from_o military_a service_n it_o be_v certain_a their_o allegiance_n do_v not_o bind_v they_o to_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o allegiance_n require_v in_o the_o oath_n be_v not_o such_o as_o i_o have_v hitherto_o assert_v because_o it_o do_v not_o universal_o bind_v the_o subject_n to_o a_o active_a military_a assistance_n of_o the_o sovereign_n against_o all_o
to_o believe_v that_o they_o intend_v to_o oblige_v their_o soldier_n to_o a_o active_a assistance_n of_o k._n william_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n then_o of_o necessity_n according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v oblige_v they_o to_o it_o and_o if_o so_o i_o can_v comprehend_v why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v not_o oblige_v all_o other_o also_o in_o their_o respective_a capacity_n to_o the_o like_a assistance_n or_o why_o the_o legislator_n shall_v intend_v the_o oath_n to_o be_v take_v by_o different_a person_n in_o contradictory_n sense_n and_o bind_v one_o to_o be_v a_o neuter_n another_o to_o be_v active_a for_o the_o government_n and_o allow_v a_o three_o to_o be_v active_a against_o it_o 2._o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o present_a government_n have_v exact_v of_o all_o clergyman_n a_o actual_a assistance_n of_o it_o as_o great_a at_o least_o as_o that_o which_o be_v require_v of_o soldier_n even_o against_o k._n j._n for_o they_o be_v oblige_v under_o great_a penalty_n to_o insert_v k._n w._n in_o the_o liturgy_n and_o to_o pray_v that_o he_o may_v have_v victory_n over_o all_o his_o enemy_n among_o who_o his_o great_a and_o most_o implacable_a enemy_n the_o enemy_n that_o be_v actual_o endeavour_v to_o wrest_v his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n from_o he_o must_v needs_o be_v comprehend_v and_o thus_o to_o pray_v be_v the_o great_a assistance_n to_o the_o one_o and_o opposition_n to_o the_o other_o that_o can_v be_v imagine_v and_o hence_o it_o seem_v natural_a to_o infer_v that_o they_o who_o have_v exact_v this_o will_v not_o afterward_o enact_v a_o oath_n to_o oblige_v they_o to_o a_o mere_a neutrality_n or_o leave_v they_o a_o reserve_v of_o their_o old_a allegiance_n to_o k._n j._n what_o reason_n can_v there_o be_v possible_o assign_v for_o this_o that_o they_o who_o be_v antecedent_o bind_v to_o more_o shall_v be_v afterward_o swear_v to_o less_o or_o that_o our_o present_a governor_n shall_v oblige_v clergyman_n to_o pray_v against_o all_o their_o enemy_n and_o then_o allow_v they_o to_o assist_v those_o enemy_n or_o discharge_v they_o from_o assist_v the_o government_n against_o they_o 3._o though_o every_o breach_n of_o allegiance_n be_v not_o punish_v as_o treason_n by_o the_o law_n yet_o all_o treason_n be_v certain_o a_o violation_n of_o allegiance_n therefore_o whatsovere_fw-la be_v brand_v or_o punish_v as_o treason_n by_o the_o lawgiver_n and_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n be_v very_o probable_o intend_v to_o be_v forbid_v by_o it_o whether_o this_o inference_n be_v not_o reasonable_a i_o appeal_v to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o all_o man_n or_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o natural_a than_o to_o conclude_v that_o the_o lawgiver_n intend_v in_o this_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o prevent_v what_o they_o design_v to_o punish_v as_o a_o violation_n of_o it_o and_o to_o bind_v the_o subject_n to_o fidelity_n not_o only_o for_o wrath_n but_o also_o for_o conscience_n sake_n but_o it_o be_v notorious_a to_o all_o man_n that_o the_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n have_v treat_v the_o assister_n of_o k._n j._n as_o guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n that_o bill_n have_v be_v propose_v for_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o trial_n of_o their_o person_n that_o they_o have_v imprison_v many_o upon_o suspicion_n of_o side_v with_o k._n j._n and_o actual_o arraign_v other_o for_o disperse_v his_o proclamation_n and_o have_v late_o condemn_v and_o hang_v one_o for_o say_v he_o raise_v man_n to_o assist_v he_o and_o therefore_o we_o can_v but_o conclude_v that_o they_o who_o punish_v such_o assistance_n as_o a_o breach_n of_o allegiance_n do_v design_n when_o they_o oblige_v we_o to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o debar_v we_o from_o it_o thus_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o assistance_n of_o k._n j._n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o it_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a that_o so_o be_v a_o neutrality_n also_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o even_o the_o not_o discover_v of_o any_o design_n of_o k._n j._n against_o the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o k._n w._n that_o shall_v come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n will_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o same_o authority_n as_o a_o offence_n contrary_a to_o our_o due_a allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o therefore_o since_o such_o a_o discovery_n be_v plain_o inconsistent_a with_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n it_o be_v obvious_a to_o infer_v that_o a_o neutrality_n which_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o lawgiver_n be_v against_o our_o due_a allegiance_n be_v forbid_v by_o they_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n 4._o last_o the_o high_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n seem_v to_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o all_o the_o principle_n and_o proceed_n of_o the_o imposer_n this_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o many_o particular_n but_o most_o especial_o from_o the_o very_a instrument_n of_o government_n wherein_o this_o oath_n have_v its_o birth_n there_o they_o first_o declare_v that_o k._n j._n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o that_o the_o throne_n be_v thereby_o vacant_a then_o they_o confer_v the_o royal_a dignity_n upon_o w._n and_o m._n as_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n and_o then_o annex_v the_o present_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o be_v swear_v unto_o they_o so_o that_o if_o we_o take_v all_o together_o we_o may_v probable_o conclude_v that_o they_o intend_v a_o full_a absolute_a and_o unreserved_a allegiance_n to_o they_o by_o their_o first_o declaration_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v their_o intention_n that_o no_o allegiance_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o k._n j._n for_o to_o no_o king_n no_o allegiance_n be_v due_a by_o the_o second_o that_o all_o our_o allegiance_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o w._n and_o m._n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o sovereign_n according_a to_o this_o declaration_n it_o must_v be_v all_o due_a unto_o they_o alone_o and_o the_o new_a oath_n be_v then_o immediate_o add_v be_v it_o not_o rational_a to_o interpret_v it_o in_o congruity_n to_o those_o declaration_n which_o do_v manifest_o discover_v it_o to_o be_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n that_o all_o our_o allegiance_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o present_a prince_n without_o any_o reservation_n of_o the_o same_o duty_n to_o k._n i_o who_o according_a to_o that_o instrument_n have_v no_o more_o right_o than_o the_o cham_n of_o tartary_n to_o it_o and_o i_o presume_v it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o declaration_n but_o to_o this_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o imposer_n all_o our_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o k._n w._n and_o none_o at_o all_o to_o k._n i_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o when_o the_o form_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v under_o debate_n the_o word_n rightful_a be_v strike_v out_o upon_o exception_n make_v that_o many_o scrupulous_a person_n will_v thereupon_o refuse_v to_o take_v it_o and_o so_o the_o form_n be_v pass_v without_o it_o this_o may_v be_v well_o take_v for_o a_o sufficient_a indication_n that_o it_o be_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n that_o we_o shall_v swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o k._n and_o q._n only_o as_o such_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o consequent_o that_o they_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o such_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n as_o be_v due_a to_o a_o k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o high_a construction_n of_o it_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a reason_n that_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o old_a sense_n of_o allegiance_n and_o i_o hope_v to_o give_v a_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o it_o and_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o though_o the_o deliberate_a omission_n of_o the_o word_n rightful_a do_v necessary_o infer_v that_o we_o be_v not_o oblige_v in_o this_o oath_n to_o a_o recognition_n of_o the_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o infer_v that_o we_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o pay_v as_o high_a a_o degree_n of_o allegiance_n as_o to_o any_o rightful_a king_n whatsoever_o that_o omission_n be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o word_n king_n in_o the_o oath_n do_v not_o necessary_o signify_v a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la but_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n that_o true_a allegiance_n do_v not_o signify_v true_a allegiance_n that_o be_v a_o obligation_n to_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n for_o there_o be_v vo_o debate_n that_o we_o know_v of_o about_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n allegiance_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o intimation_n give_v that_o they_o design_v to_o restrain_v it_o to_o a_o low_a signification_n though_o it_o be_v plain_o
necessary_a to_o do_v it_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o alter_v the_o common_o receive_v meaning_n of_o it_o wherefore_o as_o the_o strike_v out_o the_o word_n rightful_a will_v not_o have_v prove_v that_o they_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o active_a assistance_n of_o k._n w._n against_o all_o man_n live_v if_o those_o word_n have_v be_v express_o insert_v in_o the_o oath_n so_o neither_o will_v it_o prove_v that_o the_o same_o duty_n be_v not_o now_o require_v of_o we_o if_o the_o word_n allegiance_n do_v as_o i_o have_v prove_v vi_fw-la termini_fw-la import_v it_o and_o that_o as_o full_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o express_a word_n require_v in_o it_o 2._o that_o a_o abatement_n of_o allegiance_n be_v not_o necessary_o infer_v in_o that_o omission_n do_v appear_v from_o hence_o because_o it_o may_v be_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o imposer_n that_o a_o plenary_a and_o unreserved_a allegiance_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n even_o to_o a_o k._n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o be_v k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la also_o and_o if_o that_o be_v their_o opinion_n then_o we_o have_v a_o rational_a and_o easy_a account_n of_o that_o omission_n viz._n that_o since_o the_o high_a allegiance_n be_v think_v due_a to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o create_v scruple_n by_o insist_v on_o the_o word_n rightful_a since_o the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n may_v be_v as_o effectual_o do_v without_o it_o and_o the_o present_a governor_n secure_v by_o oblige_v the_o subject_n to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o they_o and_o that_o this_o be_v probable_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o that_o omission_n must_v needs_o be_v grant_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v how_o that_o opinion_n be_v become_v almost_o universal_a and_o have_v be_v public_o countenance_v and_o assert_v not_o only_o in_o so_o many_o license_v pamphlet_n but_o by_o our_o lawyer_n and_o judge_n and_o even_o by_o our_o lawgiver_n themselves_o however_o it_o clear_o show_v that_o the_o omission_n of_o the_o word_n rightful_a do_v not_o manifest_o prove_v their_o intention_n to_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o low_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n be_v here_o to_o be_v apply_v that_o we_o must_v not_o recede_v from_o the_o customary_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n when_o there_o be_v no_o manifest_a necessity_n for_o it_o further_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o many_o member_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v declare_v that_o the_o oath_n be_v intend_v only_o to_o oblige_v we_o to_o live_v peaceable_o under_o the_o government_n i_o answer_v that_o those_o word_n seem_v more_o ambiguous_a than_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n that_o the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o they_o may_v reach_v to_o a_o full_a and_o unreserved_a allegiance_n that_o probable_o there_o be_v not_o many_o that_o will_v say_v that_o they_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o debar_v we_o from_o pay_v any_o allegiance_n to_o k._n j._n and_o if_o they_o shall_v there_o be_v more_o who_o will_v declare_v the_o contrary_a and_o that_o last_o the_o declaration_n of_o those_o member_n be_v no_o authentical_a interpretation_n for_o when_o the_o assembly_n of_o parliament_n be_v end_v they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o lawgiver_n but_o as_o private_a person_n and_o they_o have_v no_o more_o authority_n to_o interpret_v statute_n than_o they_o have_v to_o make_v they_o and_o last_o if_o it_o be_v yet_o further_o object_v that_o the_o government_n not_o oppose_v the_o declaration_n which_o have_v be_v public_o make_v by_o many_o that_o they_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o no_o other_o sense_n but_o that_o of_o a_o peaceable_a submission_n do_v imply_v a_o tacit_n approbation_n of_o it_o the_o answer_n be_v obvious_a that_o the_o not_o oppose_v those_o declaration_n do_v not_o amount_v to_o the_o approve_v of_o they_o as_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o imposer_n but_o only_o to_o a_o connivance_n at_o they_o for_o some_o politic_a end_n and_o design_n and_o in_o short_a no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o not_o oppose_v be_v approve_v or_o that_o the_o government_n do_v always_o allow_v of_o that_o which_o it_o do_v not_o punish_v and_o thus_o have_v i_o somewhat_o more_o large_o than_o at_o first_o i_o intend_v explain_v the_o nature_n of_o allegiance_n and_o assert_v the_o high_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n to_o be_v the_o genuine_a meaning_n of_o it_o and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v allow_v that_o this_o discourse_n have_v sufficient_o evince_v if_o not_o the_o certainty_n of_o that_o construction_n yet_o at_o least_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o other_o interpretation_n of_o it_o and_o then_o if_o any_o one_o after_o all_o that_o have_v be_v here_o offer_v shall_v remain_v doubtful_a about_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o oath_n i_o shall_v only_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o that_o necessary_a caution_n of_o dr._n sanderson_n ob_n that_o when_o the_o meaning_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v dubious_a 2._o great_a care_n must_v be_v use_v 9_o that_o we_o do_v not_o indulge_v our_o corrupt_a affection_n too_o much_o or_o assume_v to_o ourselves_o a_o loose_a and_o licentious_a way_n of_o interpret_n that_o we_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o evade_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o that_o we_o do_v not_o for_o our_o proper_a interest_n and_o advantage_n affix_v any_o other_o sense_n upon_o the_o oath_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o than_o that_o which_o any_o other_o pious_a and_o prudent_a person_n who_o be_v unconcern_v in_o the_o business_n be_v of_o a_o free_a judgement_n will_v easy_o gather_v out_o of_o the_o word_n themselves_o and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o for_o fear_v of_o give_v scandal_n to_o other_o lest_o any_o other_o weak_a person_n be_v encourage_v by_o our_o example_n shall_v think_v the_o same_o thing_n lawful_a for_o he_o which_o he_o see_v practise_v by_o we_o though_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o those_o subtlety_n by_o which_o alone_o we_o discharge_v ourselves_o from_o perjury_n and_o second_o in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o viz._n for_o fear_n of_o perjury_n audaciam_fw-la the_o gild_n of_o which_o abominable_a crime_n we_o do_v undoubted_o bring_v upon_o our_o soul_n if_o that_o more_o favourable_a interptation_n which_o embolden_v we_o to_o take_v the_o oath_n shall_v chance_v to_o deceive_v we_o and_o this_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o that_o general_a rule_n which_o require_v we_o in_o thing_n doubtful_a to_o choose_v the_o safe_a side_n but_o it_o be_v much_o safe_a to_o refuse_v the_o oath_n propound_v when_o the_o word_n according_a to_o the_o common_a and_o obvious_a sense_n do_v seem_v to_o contain_v any_o thing_n unlawful_a in_o itself_o than_o by_o a_o loose_a interpretation_n so_o to_o mollify_v they_o to_o our_o purpose_n as_o that_o we_o may_v the_o more_o safe_o take_v it_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o such_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v refuse_v but_o not_o that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v without_o any_o either_o fear_n or_o danger_n of_o perjury_n thus_o that_o excellent_a casuist_n and_o in_o another_o place_n where_o he_o express_o propound_v the_o case_n of_o a_o ambiguous_a oath_n his_o resolution_n be_v that_o a_o pious_a and_o prudent_a person_n shall_v absolute_o refuse_v it_o jure_v and_o that_o before_o a_o oath_n can_v be_v right_o take_v it_o be_v expedient_a that_o there_o be_v a_o clear_a agreement_n among_o all_o party_n concern_v the_o imposer_n and_o the_o taker_n about_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o whether_o this_o be_v not_o honest_a and_o conscientious_a divinity_n i_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o judge_v and_o whether_o they_o who_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o low_a interpretation_n have_v act_v according_a to_o these_o or_o better_a measure_n they_o themselves_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n if_o they_o have_v herein_o act_v with_o sincerity_n and_o their_o own_o heart_n do_v not_o condemn_v they_o then_o they_o may_v have_v confidence_n towards_o god_n but_o we_o shall_v all_o remember_v that_o god_n be_v great_a than_o our_o heart_n and_o know_v all_o thing_n and_o that_o they_o who_o swear_v deceitful_o or_o change_v when_o they_o have_v swear_v to_o their_o own_o hurt_n shall_v never_o unless_o they_o repent_v abide_v in_o the_o tabernacle_n of_o the_o lord_n nor_o ascend_v into_o his_o holy_a place_n finis_fw-la spel._n in_o ver_n fideles_fw-la feudum_fw-la est_fw-la benevola_fw-la &_o libera_fw-la rei_fw-la immobilis_fw-la &_o aequipollentis_fw-la concessio_fw-la cum_fw-la translatione_fw-la utilis_fw-la dominii_fw-la proprietatè_fw-la retentâ_fw-la sub_fw-la exhibitione_n servitiorum_fw-la honestorum_fw-la feud_n declaratio_fw-la ante_fw-la lib._n feud_n disp_n de_fw-fr feud_n c._n 7._o gloss_n in_o ver_fw-la ligium_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 35._o fol._n 79._o l._n 9_o c._n 1._o l._n 3._o c._n 16._o inst_n jur_fw-fr ang._n l._n 2._o tit_n 2._o
a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n qui_fw-la perjurii_fw-la immunis_fw-la esse_fw-la cupit_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o who_o desire_v to_o preserve_v himself_o from_o perjury_n ought_v diligent_o to_o weigh_v every_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o he_o be_v to_o take_v and_o the_o sense_n and_o force_n of_o they_o that_o if_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v it_o may_v not_o be_v take_v if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v keep_v without_o fraud_n and_o dissimulation_n sand._n de_fw-fr juram_fw-la oblige_v prael_n 6._o sect._n 7._o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v these_o 1_o a._n b._n do_v sincere_o promise_v and_o swear_v that_o i_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o their_o majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n so_o help_v i_o god._n in_o this_o compendious_a form_n of_o swear_v it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v great_a ambiguity_n which_o lie_v principal_o in_o the_o doubtful_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n faithful_n and_o true_a allegiance_n which_o may_v import_v either_o 1._o that_o kind_n of_o fidelity_n and_o obedience_n which_o captive_n may_v promise_v to_o their_o conqueror_n or_o oppress_v subject_n to_o usurper_n and_o oblige_v they_o only_o to_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a submission_n while_o they_o be_v under_o their_o power_n and_o do_v not_o debar_v they_o from_o assist_v their_o lawful_a sovereign_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o crown_n or_o 2._o all_o that_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n which_o be_v former_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n whereby_o their_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o not_o reserve_v any_o branch_n of_o their_o allegiance_n as_o due_a to_o any_o other_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o distinction_n that_o two_o different_a interpretation_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v ground_v and_o the_o high_a construction_n be_v this_o ay_o a._n b._n be_o sincere_o resolve_v to_o adhere_v faithful_o to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n to_o perform_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n and_o subjection_n unto_o they_o alone_o and_o to_o defend_v their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n with_o my_o life_n and_o fortune_n to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o my_o power_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o the_o low_a construction_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n whereas_o w._n and_o m._n be_v actual_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n so_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o full_a possession_n of_o it_o i_o do_v swear_v that_o i_o will_v pay_v they_o that_o obedience_n and_o submission_n which_o may_v be_v lawful_o pay_v to_o a_o actual_a sovereign_n not_o engage_v hereby_o to_o uphold_v they_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o throne_n against_o the_o k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nor_o debar_v myself_o from_o exert_v my_o swear_a allegiance_n to_o he_o upon_o any_o emergent_a opportunity_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o right_n i_o be_o not_o certain_a that_o this_o last_o clause_n of_o assist_v the_o k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v the_o sense_n of_o they_o who_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n with_o a_o declaration_n of_o live_v peaceable_o under_o the_o present_a government_n yet_o there_o be_v this_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v because_o if_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v infer_v from_o a_o explanatory_a declaration_n more_o ambiguous_a and_o obscure_a than_o the_o oath_n explain_v we_o may_v reasonable_o infer_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o declarer_n think_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o high_a sense_n unlawful_a because_o direct_o contradictory_n to_o their_o former_a obligation_n to_o k._n j._n but_o if_o those_o be_v still_o in_o force_n than_o they_o be_v still_o oblige_v to_o a_o actual_a assistance_n of_o he_o and_o then_o their_o declaration_n must_v be_v understand_v in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o shall_v not_o exclude_v it_o in_o short_a if_o their_o former_a oath_n be_v obligatory_a than_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v k._n j._n if_o it_o be_v not_o than_o the_o present_a possessor_n be_v undoubted_o our_o lawful_a sovereign_n and_o we_o be_v consequent_o oblige_v to_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v have_v victory_n over_o all_o their_o enemy_n and_o if_o this_o be_v our_o duty_n it_o be_v a_o manifest_a sin_n not_o to_o contribute_v our_o actual_a assistance_n in_o our_o respective_a station_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o it_o wherefore_o choose_v they_o which_o they_o will_v either_o that_o their_o former_a oath_n be_v obligatory_a or_o not_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o the_o king_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o assist_v and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o a_o sinful_a neutrality_n which_o be_v plain_o contradictory_n to_o their_o former_a oath_n and_o if_o that_o be_v extinguish_v to_o their_o manifest_a duty_n to_o the_o present_a possessor_n but_o nevertheless_o because_o what_o seem_v so_o improbable_a may_v yet_o be_v possible_o true_a that_o they_o intend_v to_o bind_v themselves_o only_o to_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n it_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n that_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o allegiance_n be_v absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o to_o return_v therefore_o to_o the_o two_o former_a interpretation_n of_o the_o oath_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o by_o the_o former_a we_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v all_o our_o allegiance_n to_o w._n and_o m._n by_o the_o latter_a not_o all_o but_o a_o allegiance_n qualify_v and_o limit_v in_o the_o one_o to_o uphold_v they_o to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o our_o power_n in_o their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o other_o we_o profess_v we_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v it_o in_o the_o one_o we_o engage_v to_o defend_v they_o against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o in_o the_o other_o a_o power_n be_v reserve_v to_o assist_v k._n j._n against_o they_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o a_o middle_a sense_n of_o neutrality_n it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a term_n of_o neutrality_n that_o it_o be_v plain_o contradictory_n to_o the_o first_o construction_n also_o these_o several_a interpretation_n therefore_o be_v contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o swearer_n can_v be_v oblige_v unto_o more_o than_o one_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o imposor_n intend_v either_o to_o oblige_v we_o to_o contradictory_n and_o impossible_a duty_n or_o to_o leave_v we_o at_o liberty_n to_o choose_v in_o which_o of_o those_o contradictory_n sense_n we_o will_v be_v oblige_v for_o this_o oath_n be_v exact_v by_o a_o law_n and_o a_o law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o declare_a will_n of_o the_o legislator_n now_o if_o a_o law_n shall_v be_v so_o frame_v on_o purpose_n by_o the_o legislator_n as_o to_o be_v fair_o capable_a of_o two_o contradictory_n construction_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o subject_a to_o his_o choice_n in_o which_o he_o will_v obey_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_o no_o law_n at_o all_o because_o it_o do_v not_o contain_v the_o determinate_a declare_a will_n of_o the_o legislator_n and_o the_o subject_a be_v allow_v to_o take_v either_o part_n of_o the_o contradiction_n be_v not_o determine_v as_o by_o a_o law_n he_o always_o be_v to_o any_o act_n of_o obedience_n and_o if_o this_o be_v true_a in_o all_o law_n much_o more_o will_v it_o hold_v in_o those_o by_o which_o promissory_a oath_n be_v establish_v for_o a_o promise_n equal_o capable_a of_o contradictory_n sense_n be_v indeed_o no_o promise_n and_o it_o be_v nor_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o our_o legislator_n intend_v to_o frame_v a_o promissory_a oath_n that_o shall_v contain_v no_o promise_n at_o all_o and_o to_o make_v a_o law_n for_o the_o most_o solemn_a mockery_n of_o god_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v it_o be_v therefore_o presume_v that_o the_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n intend_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o one_o determinate_a meaning_n of_o it_o and_o that_o those_o word_n by_o which_o they_o choose_v to_o declare_v their_o intention_n can_v be_v reasonable_o so_o interpret_v as_o to_o declare_v the_o quite_o contrary_a also_o and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o one_o of_o these_o construction_n be_v both_o intend_a and_o sufficient_o express_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o that_o no_o doubt_n be_v the_o sense_n in_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v both_o to_o take_v and_o keep_v it_o we_o be_v therefore_o now_o to_o inquire_v whether_o of_o these_o construction_n be_v the_o intend_a and_o declare_v meaning_n of_o the_o imposer_n and_o here_o there_o appear_v at_o first_o view_v a_o invincible_a prejudice_n against_o the_o low_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n viz._n that_o this_o oath_n be_v undeniable_o intend_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o
it_o will_v be_v a_o gross_a absurdity_n when_o we_o be_v command_v to_o honour_n god_n or_o the_o king_n to_o interpret_v it_o of_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o honour_n as_o be_v due_a to_o a_o parish_n priest_n a_o constable_n or_o a_o beggar_n because_o honour_n be_v due_a respective_o to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o so_o it_o be_v equal_o absurd_a when_o allegiance_n be_v universal_o require_v of_o all_o the_o natural_a subject_n because_o the_o word_n be_v sometime_o take_v in_o a_o low_a sense_n when_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o alien_n to_o argue_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o law_n which_o require_v allegiance_n from_o all_o natural_a subject_n require_v no_o more_o than_o a_o alien_n be_v bind_v to_o to_o argue_v thus_o be_v at_o once_o to_o do_v violence_n to_o common_a sense_n and_o language_n for_o as_o no_o one_o that_o understand_v either_o can_v imagine_v that_o the_o precept_n which_o enjoin_v son_n to_o honour_v their_o parent_n require_v less_o than_o filial_a duty_n and_o obedience_n though_o the_o word_n honour_n often_o signify_v less_o so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v reasonable_o imagine_v that_o allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n impose_v do_v signify_v less_o than_o all_o that_o fidelity_n and_o obedience_n which_o a_o natural_a subject_n owe_v to_o his_o natural_a sovereign_n though_o the_o word_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o alien_n may_v sometime_o signify_v less_o but_o however_o if_o allegiance_n must_v needs_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o sense_n as_o if_o by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o word_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o no_o more_o than_o what_o even_o a_o alien_n may_v swear_v to_o perform_v yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o even_o the_o local_a allegiance_n which_o a_o alien_n owe_v to_o the_o king_n in_o who_o dominion_n he_o be_v do_v at_o the_o least_o oblige_v he_o not_o to_o attempt_v against_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n as_o long_o as_o he_o reside_v in_o those_o dominion_n whereas_o he_o who_o conceive_v his_o oath_n to_o k._n j._n to_o be_v still_o obligatory_a must_v consequent_o think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o attempt_v the_o dethron_n of_o the_o k._n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o can_v therefore_o swear_v even_o a_o local_a allegiance_n to_o he_o it_o remain_v then_o to_o consider_v the_o other_o application_n of_o the_o word_n allegiance_n which_o be_v all_o reducible_a to_o these_o two_o that_o allegiance_n which_o be_v require_v of_o those_o who_o hold_v land_n in_o fee_n and_o that_o which_o be_v require_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n in_o general_a which_o be_v also_o distinguish_v into_o legal_a and_o natural_a allegiance_n and_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o allegiance_n be_v not_o thus_o distinguish_v because_o they_o import_v different_a duty_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o different_a ground_n from_o whence_o their_o obligation_n be_v derive_v for_o i_o shall_v produce_v undeniable_a proof_n that_o they_o do_v all_o concur_v in_o oblige_v we_o to_o the_o same_o duty_n and_o that_o which_o i_o undertake_v to_o evince_v be_v this_o that_o allegiance_n in_o those_o several_a acceptation_n do_v import_v not_o only_o that_o obedience_n and_o submission_n which_o may_v be_v lawful_o pay_v to_o a_o usurper_n with_o a_o reservation_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o lawful_a king_n which_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o low_a nor_o yet_o a_o mere_a peaceable_a neutrality_n which_o may_v make_v a_o middle_a construction_n but_o that_o it_o always_o import_v a_o obligation_n to_o defend_v our_o sovereign_n crown_n and_o dignity_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o exception_n and_o never_o to_o give_v any_o assistance_n or_o support_v to_o any_o of_o his_o enemy_n against_o he_o as_o the_o first_o and_o high_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n explain_v it_o and_o first_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n the_o obligation_n of_o feudal_n allegiance_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o inquire_v into_o that_o fidelity_n which_o every_o vassal_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o his_o lord_n and_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o evident_a than_o that_o it_o oblige_v he_o not_o only_o to_o abstinence_n from_o all_o injury_n but_o also_o to_o a_o active_a and_o vigorous_a assistance_n of_o he_o this_o be_v abundant_o evident_a from_o the_o feudal_n book_n annex_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n out_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v produce_v some_o demonstrative_a proof_n to_o evince_v it_o at_o the_o investiture_n of_o a_o fee_n the_o vassal_n be_v to_o swear_v fidelity_n in_o this_o form_n 7._o ego_fw-la titius_n juro_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la sancta_fw-la dei_fw-la evangelia_n quod_fw-la ab_fw-la hâc_fw-la horâ_fw-la in_o antâ—a_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la ultimum_fw-la diem_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la ero_fw-la fidelis_fw-la tibi_fw-la cato_n domino_fw-la meo_fw-la contra_fw-la omnem_fw-la hominem_fw-la exceptô_o imperatore_n vel_fw-la rege_fw-la and_o there_o follow_v in_o the_o law_n a_o explanation_n of_o the_o oath_n to_o this_o effect_n i_o swear_v that_o i_o will_v never_o be_v in_o counsel_n or_o aid_v against_o the_o life_n person_n or_o honour_n of_o you_o my_o lord_n and_o if_o any_o such_o design_n shall_v come_v to_o my_o knowledge_n i_o will_v discover_v it_o to_o you_o as_o 〈◊〉_d as_o may_v be_v and_o be_v ready_a to_o assist_v you_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o my_o power_n and_o if_o you_o shall_v chance_v to_o be_v unjust_o deprive_v of_o any_o thing_n i_o will_v aid_v you_o to_o recover_v it_o and_o if_o you_o make_v a_o just_a offensive_a war_n upon_o any_o one_o i_o will_v be_v ready_a upon_o due_a summons_n with_o all_o my_o might_n to_o assist_v you_o these_o be_v the_o particularity_n which_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v express_o provide_v 6._o that_o the_o vassal_n shall_v give_v his_o counsel_n and_o assistance_n to_o his_o lord_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o life_n and_o honour_n his_o fortress_n and_o possession_n because_o say_v that_o law_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o abstain_v from_o injury_n unless_o actual_a good_a service_n be_v perform_v also_o another_o proof_n hereof_o may_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o assist_v his_o lord_n in_o his_o war_n 4._o hotoman_n observe_v that_o in_o the_o feudal_n law_n vassal_n be_v common_o call_v soldier_n and_o that_o ancient_o none_o but_o such_o be_v capable_a of_o land_n in_o fee_n because_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o feudal_n service_n be_v pure_o military_a according_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o those_o law_n vult_fw-la that_o the_o vassal_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v his_o lord_n in_o his_o offensive_a war_n if_o he_o know_v they_o to_o be_v just_a or_o if_o he_o only_o doubt_v of_o the_o justice_n of_o they_o but_o if_o the_o war_n be_v manifest_o unjust_a even_o than_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o assist_v he_o in_o his_o necessary_a defence_n but_o not_o also_o in_o the_o unjust_a invasion_n of_o other_o and_o last_o if_o the_o vassal_n upon_o due_a summons_n refuse_v to_o give_v his_o assistance_n if_o he_o desert_v his_o lord_n in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n 28._o if_o he_o do_v not_o discover_v all_o design_n against_o his_o life_n honour_n and_o estate_n that_o come_v to_o his_o knowledge_n and_o much_o more_o if_o he_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n or_o disherison_n of_o his_o lord_n there_o be_v express_v provision_n that_o in_o such_o and_o other_o case_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o tenure_n for_o his_o treachery_n and_o ingratitude_n it_o be_v necessary_a here_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o same_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o his_o lord_n which_o be_v require_v by_o the_o imperial_a feudal_n law_n be_v also_o admit_v and_o exact_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n 9_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o glanville_n that_o the_o vassal_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v his_o lord_n in_o his_o war_n 1._o and_o if_o he_o hold_v of_o more_o than_o one_o to_o fight_v in_o his_o person_n with_o his_o capital_a lord_n even_o against_o his_o other_o lord_n in_o case_n he_o be_v so_o require_v every_o one_o know_v that_o there_o be_v ancient_o several_a tenor_n among_o we_o which_o be_v pure_o military_a and_o though_o tenor_n upon_o condition_n of_o service_n pure_o civil_a be_v also_o introduce_v such_o as_o soccage_n and_o other_o yet_o even_o in_o these_o the_o vassal_n be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v homage_n and_o swear_v fidelity_n to_o their_o lord_n and_o from_o that_o ancient_a form_n of_o homage_n which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o statute_n book_n and_o in_o bracton_n fleta_n and_o littleton_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o vassal_n be_v not_o only_o oblige_v to_o a_o negative_a fidelity_n which_o consist_v in_o abstain_v from_o injury_n but_o also_o to_o positive_a service_n and_o assistance_n of_o he_o the_o form_n run_v