which_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v liable_a to_o as_o well_o after_o as_o before_o your_o conquest_n nor_o will_v the_o 58_o the_o law_n make_v more_o for_o you_o for_o though_o it_o ââly_o say_v that_o all_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o their_o servitor_n or_o esquire_n and_o all_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v always_o be_v fit_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o they_o ââought_v to_o be_v and_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v according_a to_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o âees_n and_o tenor_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o law_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o less_o ãâã_d capite_fw-la only_a since_o they_o according_a to_o your_o own_o sense_n be_v comprehend_v ââeder_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o their_o servientes_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o mean_v their_o feudataây_a tenant_n be_v as_o much_o tie_v by_o this_o law_n to_o find_v horse_n and_o arm_n as_o the_o tââants_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o the_o law_n say_v express_o uniâârsi_fw-la liberi_fw-la ââmines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la it_o shall_v have_v be_v to_o make_v good_a your_o sense_n universe_n libeââ_n homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o freeman_n who_o be_v âf_o lesser_a estate_n than_o to_o find_v horse_n they_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o such_o arm_n as_o beââed_v their_o condition_n as_o we_o see_v it_o explain_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n of_o henry_n ii_o which_o i_o have_v now_o cite_v so_o that_o this_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o ãâã_d sense_n you_o put_v upon_o it_o that_o all_o the_o true_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a with_o horse_n and_o arm_n as_o if_o none_o be_v freeman_n that_o do_v not_o but_o refer_v the_o word_n horse_n and_o arm_n to_o those_o who_o be_v to_o âind_v both_o and_o the_o word_n arm_n to_o those_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o keep_v arm_n âit_a for_o footman_n which_o sense_n the_o word_n will_v very_o well_o bear_v though_o express_v general_o and_o concise_o according_a to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n which_o abhor_v more_o word_n than_o âeeds_o and_o if_o these_o law_n will_v not_o prove_v what_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o much_o less_o till_o the_o last_o you_o have_v cite_v for_o if_o the_o word_n omneâ_n liberâ_n homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarââ_n in_o the_o first_o law_n who_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n must_v ââtend_v to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v all_o freeman_n be_v aââe_n oblige_v to_o be_v swear_v in_o the_o court_n leer_n and_o county_n court_n so_o must_v this_o too_o ãâã_d title_n be_v that_o omnes_fw-la subditi_fw-la all_o the_o subject_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v the_o king_n right_n with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o subditi_fw-la here_o be_v the_o same_o with_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o first_o law_n yet_o since_o by_o that_o law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n these_o must_v be_v also_o the_o very_a same_o freeman_n who_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v brother_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o power_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v your_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v the_o only_a freeman_n that_o serve_v oâ_n jury_n etc._n etc._n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o these_o law_n of_o king_n william_n be_v but_o the_o mere_a fancy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o author_n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v they_o but_o take_v the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o as_o they_o be_v be_v the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n and_o h._n iii_o chap._n 14._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la pro_fw-la parvo_fw-la delicto_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la illius_fw-la delicti_fw-la saluââh_fw-mi contenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la &_o mercatar_a eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la salva_fw-la marchandiza_fw-mi &_o villanus_fw-la saluâ_n wânagio_n upon_o which_o word_n sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2_o d._n inst._n observe_v that_o ãâã_d homo_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v such_o a_o one_o as_o enjoy_v a_o franc_n tenement_n that_o be_v any_o sort_n of_o freeââ_n hold_v but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o prove_v by_o some_o plain_a authority_n that_o the_o arch-bishops_a bishop_n and_o abbot_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capita_fw-la be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o tax_n and_o make_v law_n in_o the_o time_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o m._n i_o shall_v perform_v your_o desire_n and_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o great_a council_n ãâã_d parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n of_o which_o matt._n paris_n tell_v we_o ãâã_d dom._n 1164._o 10_o the_o of_o king_n h._n ii_o â20_n in_o presentia_fw-la regis_fw-la henriâs_n ãâ¦ã_z rendon_n 8_o calend._n febr._n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr mandato_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la presentibus_fw-la ãâã_d archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la ãâã_d &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la recognitio_fw-la and_o which_o quadrilogus_fw-la and_o gervasâ_n ãâã_d canterbury_n comprise_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o brasules_a &_o prâceres_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingâdom_n 1164._o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a by_o this_o enumeration_n of_o the_o constitââent_a part_n of_o this_o full_a parliament_n as_o mr._n sâlden_n and_o other_o author_n agree_v it_o to_o be_v than_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o none_o of_o theâ_n and_o that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la in_o hoveden_n be_v only_o the_o ãâã_d and_o lay_v nobility_n so_o likewise_o when_o these_o constitution_n be_v again_o renew_v by_o this_o king_n at_o bathampton_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o though_o by_o a_o mistake_v it_o be_v writtââ_n nottingham_n that_o rex_fw-la pater_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la magnum_fw-la consilium_fw-la de_fw-fr ãâã_d it_o be_v regni_fw-la 50._o &_o coram_fw-la rege_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopââ_n comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o council_n be_v more_o particular_o recite_v by_o benedictus_n abbas_n in_o his_o manuscript_n history_n ãâã_d in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n anno._n 1176._o which_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o h._n ãâã_d circa_n festum_fw-la conversionis_fw-la sancti_fw-la pauli_n julii_fw-la venit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la usque_fw-la âââthampton_fw-la &_o magnum_fw-la ibi_fw-la celebravit_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la ãâã_d episcopis_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la ãâã_d regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o nilitââ_n hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la hanc_fw-la subscriptam_fw-la assisam_fw-la âecit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n dean_n of_o st._n paul_n a._n d._n 1210._o a_o diligent_a searcher_n into_o the_o history_n and_o transaction_n of_o his_o own_o and_o former_a time_n 40._o do_v yet_o more_o full_o declare_v the_o meaning_n of_o abbot_n benedict_n in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o this_o great_a council_n thus_o rex_fw-la juxta_fw-la consilium_fw-la filii_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la factum_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la northamptonam_fw-la âino_fw-la kal_n febr._n from_o all_o which_o authority_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o this_o council_n at_o northampton_n as_o well_o as_o that_o at_o clarendon_n be_v a_o great_a or_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v summon_v of_o the_o laity_n only_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o he_o viz._n the_o king_n land_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v for_o the_o better_a explain_v who_o be_v understand_v under_o these_o title_n of_o baronum_n militum_fw-la &_o hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la that_o be_v such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_n and_o such_o as_o be_v his_o man_n or_o tenant_n that_o be_v military_a tenant_n as_o be_v not_o knight_v and_o who_o hold_v land_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o son_n to_o who_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v divers_a of_o these_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o atturn_v tenant_n to_o he_o 204._o and_o to_o maintain_v his_o court_n and_o kingship_n and_o the_o king_n be_v comites_fw-la and_o barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o or_o be_v his_o immediate_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o homo_fw-la suus_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la do_v for_o
mistake_v in_o this_o great_a point_n and_o may_v have_v also_o give_v occasion_n to_o divers_a other_o of_o his_o profession_n to_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o error_n f._n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o my_o lord_n coke_n and_o other_o of_o his_o profession_n who_o maintain_v the_o same_o opinion_n may_v very_o well_o be_v defend_v as_o well_o from_o that_o statute_n as_o other_o authority_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o that_o at_o present_a i_o shall_v first_o discourse_v with_o you_o upon_o this_o point_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v this_o oath_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n and_o therefore_o you_o misunderstand_v i_o if_o you_o believe_v that_o i_o think_v this_o oath_n do_v require_v from_o you_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o those_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n and_o subjection_n which_o i_o myself_o be_o oblige_v to_o who_o be_o full_o satisfy_v of_o their_o title_n and_o therefore_o must_v venture_v my_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o their_o quarrel_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o my_o power_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o but_o all_o that_o i_o think_v can_v be_v require_v of_o you_o be_v that_o whereas_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v actual_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n so_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v thus_o possess_v of_o it_o you_o may_v i_o think_v swear_v that_o you_o will_v be_v so_o far_o true_a and_o faithful_a to_o they_o as_o not_o to_o enterprise_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o but_o that_o you_o will_v pay_v they_o that_o obedience_n and_o submission_n which_o may_v be_v lawful_o pay_v to_o a_o actual_a sovereign_n not_o engage_v hereby_o to_o uphold_v they_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o throne_n against_o king_n james_n and_o without_o debar_v yourself_o from_o exert_v that_o allegiance_n you_o have_v swear_v to_o he_o upon_o any_o emergent_a safe_a opportunity_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o right_n m._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o take_v this_o oath_n in_o this_o low_a and_o qualify_a sense_n that_o you_o will_v now_o put_v upon_o it_o since_o beside_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n themselves_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n do_v intend_v something_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a negative_a obedience_n to_o the_o present_a power_n since_o it_o be_v the_o only_a oath_n which_o be_v require_v from_o those_o who_o take_v employment_n either_o civil_a or_o military_a and_o from_o who_o certain_o not_o only_o a_o passive_a obedience_n or_o submission_n but_o also_o a_o active_a obedience_n and_o assistance_n be_v require_v in_o defend_v the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o present_a king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la with_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o or_o else_o how_o can_v the_o present_a government_n ever_o trust_v they_o and_o all_o this_o can_v be_v swear_v to_o without_o a_o breach_n of_o that_o oath_n they_o have_v former_o take_v to_o king_n james_n and_o therefore_o if_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o in_o this_o sense_n as_o the_o oath_n itself_o seem_v to_o employ_v i_o shall_v be_v perjure_v beside_o by_o these_o word_n of_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a i_o shall_v look_v upon_o myself_o as_o oblige_v to_o reveal_v all_o plot_n and_o conspiracy_n which_o i_o may_v any_o way_n happen_v to_o know_v of_o against_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n which_o i_o think_v will_v be_v derogatory_n to_o my_o allegiance_n to_o his_o majesty_n since_o i_o shall_v thereby_o discover_v and_o accuse_v such_o of_o his_o good_a subject_n as_o endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o and_o shall_v thereby_o hinder_v he_o as_o much_o as_o in_o i_o lay_v from_o be_v restore_v again_o to_o the_o throne_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o word_n allegiance_n it_o be_v yet_o more_o strict_a and_o if_o i_o shall_v perform_v it_o to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n according_a to_o the_o true_a intent_n and_o legal_a sense_n of_o that_o word_n i_o think_v it_o can_v no_o way_n consist_v with_o that_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n i_o have_v already_o take_v since_o allegiance_n be_v thus_o explain_v in_o the_o next_o follow_v word_n of_o the_o oath_n i_o have_v already_o take_v and_o he_o and_o they_o viz._n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n i_o will_v defend_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o my_o power_n against_o all_o conspiracy_n and_o attempt_n whatsoever_o that_o shall_v be_v make_v against_o he_o or_o their_o person_n crown_n and_o dignity_n now_o what_o kind_n of_o assistance_n be_v here_o mean_v by_o the_o word_n defend_v may_v be_v understand_v from_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o our_o feudal_a law_n 15._o who_o expound_v the_o jus_o defensorium_fw-la by_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o word_n protegere_fw-la imply_v a_o necessity_n of_o defend_v by_o arm_n as_o due_a from_o the_o supreme_a lord_n or_o sovereign_n and_o further_o that_o subject_n be_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n reciprocal_o bind_v to_o defend_v the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o their_o sovereign_n and_o these_o word_n allegiance_n and_o the_o defence_n that_o follow_v it_o may_v be_v likewise_o understand_v from_o our_o feudal_a law_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o also_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n to_o a_o military_a defence_n of_o their_o supreme_a lord_n the_o king_n from_o who_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v and_o this_o be_v according_a to_o glanvil_n and_o all_o our_o old_a lawyer_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o military_a tenor_n be_v all_o now_o take_v away_o by_o a_o late_a statute_n yet_o be_o i_o still_o oblige_v to_o the_o like_a defence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n not_o only_o from_o the_o word_n of_o this_o oath_n but_o from_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n also_o which_o oblige_v all_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o king_n when_o need_n shall_v require_v which_o my_o be_n thus_o further_o prove_v first_o from_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n 52._o and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o both_o which_o all_o the_o people_n or_o freemen_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v to_o affirm_v upon_o their_o faith_n and_o oath_n within_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o without_o that_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o to_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n william_n and_o every_o where_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o honour_n with_o all_o fidelity_n ibid._n and_o with_o he_o will_v defend_v they_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n to_o this_o succeed_v that_o which_o the_o lord_n coke_n call_v legal_a ligeance_n 14._o or_o the_o common-law-oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o he_o cite_v out_o of_o britton_n who_o write_v under_o edward_n i._o which_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o take_v at_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o sheriffs-court_n and_o at_o the_o leete_n and_o without_o the_o take_n of_o which_o they_o have_v no_o warrant_n to_o abide_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v this_o effect_n you_o shall_v swear_v that_o from_o this_o day_n forward_o you_o shall_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o truth_n and_o faith_n shall_v bear_v of_o life_n and_o member_n and_o terrene_a honour_n and_o you_o shall_v neither_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o ill_a or_o damage_n which_o you_o shall_v not_o defend_v that_o be_v oppose_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o your_o power_n and_o my_o lord_n coke_n also_o here_o inform_v we_o that_o five_o thing_n be_v observe_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n from_o this_o oath_n in_o the_o debate_n of_o calvin_n case_n first_o that_o for_o the_o time_n of_o its_o obligation_n it_o be_v indefinite_a and_o without_o limit_n second_o two_o excellent_a quality_n be_v require_v that_o be_v to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a three_o to_o who_o to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n four_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o say_v and_o troth_n shall_v bear_v of_o life_n and_o member_n that_o be_v until_o the_o let_v out_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o our_o dear_a heart_n blood_n five_o where_o and_o in_o what_o place_n in_o all_o place_n whatsoever_o for_o you_o shall_v neither_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o ill_n which_o you_o shall_v not_o defend_v such_o be_v the_o ligeance_n which_o the_o law_n have_v prescribe_v in_o that_o ancient_a oath_n which_o be_v still_o in_o force_n it_o be_v neither_o circumscribe_v by_o time_n nor_o place_n it_o be_v unconditionate_n and_o unreserved_a it_o be_v not_o a_o lazy_a passive_a allegiance_n require_v nothing_o but_o pure_a submission_n but_o a_o active_a and_o vigorous_a loyalty_n exact_v all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o moral_a possibility_n and_o engage_v we_o to_o
a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o all_o the_o creature_n therein_o contain_v but_o i_o perceive_v you_o think_v the_o word_n not_o very_o favourable_a for_o you_o or_o else_o you_o will_v have_v repeat_v or_o read_v they_o to_o i_o which_o since_o you_o omit_v i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o do_v it_o for_o you_o and_o then_o i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v whether_o there_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n draw_v from_o this_o text_n to_o countenance_v your_o opinion_n 3._o the_o word_n be_v these_o and_o god_n bless_v noah_n and_o his_o son_n and_o say_v unto_o they_o be_v fruitful_a and_o multiply_v and_o replenish_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o you_o and_o the_o dread_n of_o you_o shall_v be_v upon_o every_o beast_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o upon_o every_o fowl_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o all_o that_o move_v upon_o the_o earth_n upon_o all_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n into_o your_o hand_n be_v they_o deliver_v every_o move_a thing_n that_o live_v shall_v be_v meat_n for_o you_o even_o as_o the_o green_a herb_n have_v i_o give_v you_o all_o thing_n where_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o noah_n have_v no_o pre-eminence_n in_o this_o grant_n above_o his_o child_n who_o be_v for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v see_v by_o this_o text_n to_o be_v tenant_n in_o common_a with_o he_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o its_o creature_n nor_o be_v there_o much_o difference_n between_o this_o grant_n to_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n and_o that_o make_v to_o adam_n and_o eve_n which_o i_o prove_v extend_v alike_o to_o all_o mankind_n more_o than_o that_o the_o brute_n animal_n be_v here_o grant_v to_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n for_o food_n which_o they_o be_v not_o before_o to_o adam_n but_o i_o perceive_v you_o yourself_o be_v sensible_a that_o this_o be_v the_o most_o plain_a and_o obvious_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n and_o therefore_o you_o have_v think_v good_a to_o wrest_v they_o so_o as_o may_v best_o serve_v your_o purpose_n and_o indeed_o you_o deal_v very_o cunning_o to_o say_v that_o this_o grant_v may_v be_v best_a understand_v with_o a_o subordination_n in_o succession_n 41._o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o it_o serve_v best_a for_o your_o purpose_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o understand_v but_o that_o will_v be_v best_a understand_v by_o any_o body_n else_o which_o best_o agree_v with_o the_o plain_n and_o obvious_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n nor_o will_v your_o reason_n signify_v any_o thing_n that_o the_o blessing_n may_v be_v true_o fulfil_v if_o the_o son_n either_o under_o or_o after_o their_o father_n enjoy_v a_o private_a dominion_n since_o that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o a_o grant_v who_o express_a word_n give_v a_o joint_a title_n in_o present_a for_o the_o text_n say_v into_o your_o hand_n they_o be_v deliver_v may_v best_o be_v understand_v with_o a_o subordination_n or_o in_o succession_n because_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o in_o subordination_n or_o succession_n it_o may_v be_v so_o enjoy_v be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v that_o a_o grant_v of_o any_o thing_n in_o present_a possession_n may_v best_o be_v understand_v in_o reversion_n because_o it_o be_v possible_a one_o may_v live_v so_o to_o enjoy_v it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o grant_n they_o be_v so_o express_v that_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v understand_v to_o belong_v to_o noah_n son_n not_o with_o a_o subordination_n or_o in_o succession_n but_o as_o full_a and_o equal_o as_o to_o noah_n himself_o the_o fear_n of_o you_o and_o the_o dread_n of_o you_o say_v god_n shall_v be_v upon_o every_o beast_n etc._n etc._n can_v any_o body_n in_o reason_n say_v that_o the_o creature_n be_v to_o fear_v and_o stand_v in_o awe_n of_o noah_n only_o and_o not_o of_o his_o son_n without_o his_o leave_n or_o till_o after_o his_o death_n and_o be_v the_o follow_a word_n into_o your_o hand_n they_o be_v deliver_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o you_o say_v if_o your_o father_n please_v or_o they_o shall_v be_v deliver_v into_o your_o hand_n hereafter_o you_o do_v also_o as_o wise_o to_o say_v that_o if_o adam_n have_v a_o private_a dominion_n give_v he_o by_o god_n that_o he_o will_v not_o now_o abrogate_v it_o for_o i_o grant_v that_o if_o he_o have_v give_v adam_n any_o such_o private_a dominion_n that_o there_o have_v be_v no_o reason_n for_o he_o now_o to_o have_v change_v it_o but_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n that_o he_o have_v no_o such_o private_a dominion_n give_v he_o any_o more_o than_o eve_n and_o those_o child_n that_o be_v to_o proceed_v from_o they_o so_o that_o this_o supposition_n be_v false_a there_o will_v be_v no_o such_o considerable_a difference_n as_o you_o suppose_v between_o these_o two_o text_n for_o certain_o though_o it_o be_v not_o here_o express_v noah_n son_n have_v as_o much_o right_o to_o subdue_v or_o possess_v the_o earth_n as_o the_o posterity_n of_o adam_n have_v before_o the_o flood_n and_o likewise_o to_o enjoy_v or_o eat_v the_o product_n thereof_o only_o here_o be_v grant_v to_o noah_n 47._o and_o his_o son_n a_o power_n to_o kill_v the_o creature_n for_o food_n which_o be_v not_o grant_v to_o adam_n or_o those_o that_o live_v before_o the_o flood_n and_o though_o you_o will_v have_v this_o grant_v to_o be_v no_o diminish_n of_o noah_n title_n to_o a_o sole_a propriety_n in_o all_o thing_n but_o only_o a_o enlargement_n of_o his_o commons_o yet_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o considerable_a privilege_n not_o only_o to_o himself_o but_o his_o son_n likewise_o who_o be_v hereby_o impower_v to_o use_v the_o creature_n for_o food_n as_o well_o as_o their_o father_n or_o else_o their_o case_n have_v be_v very_o hard_o if_o when_o the_o creature_n be_v sufficient_o multiply_v they_o may_v not_o have_v kill_v so_o much_o as_o a_o hare_n or_o a_o partridge_n without_o his_o leave_n and_o if_o they_o have_v a_o right_a thus_o to_o use_v these_o creature_n how_o this_o differ_v from_o a_o absolute_a propriety_n in_o they_o when_o ever_o they_o be_v take_v my_o dull_a understanding_n be_v not_o able_a to_o comprehend_v m._n well_o since_o you_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o this_o sole_a dominion_n of_o noah_n over_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n i_o shall_v not_o long_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o will_v pass_v over_o to_o those_o other_o authority_n i_o have_v to_o produce_v out_o of_o scripture_n f._n i_o pray_v sir_n do_v and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v how_o fair_a a_o adversary_n i_o will_v be_v i_o will_v for_o the_o present_a admit_v that_o noah_n be_v a_o prince_n or_o monarch_n over_o all_o his_o posterity_n but_o then_o pray_v show_v i_o to_o who_o this_o power_n descend_v after_o his_o decease_n for_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o in_o scripture_n that_o favour_v your_o divine_a right_n of_o primogeniture_n but_o that_o every_o one_o of_o noah_n three_o son_n be_v a_o prince_n alike_o over_o his_o own_o family_n and_o have_v a_o equal_a share_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o its_o product_n the_o one_o as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o so_o that_o here_o it_o be_v apparent_a your_o sole_a monarchy_n of_o the_o world_n dwindle_n into_o a_o sort_n of_o gavel-kind_n where_o all_o the_o son_n inherit_v alike_o m._n i_o can_v deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o you_o have_v lay_v down_o but_o then_o there_o may_v be_v very_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o may_v render_v the_o sole_a principality_n of_o noah_n elder_a son_n to_o be_v not_o only_o unlawful_a 49._o but_o unpracticable_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o mare_n clâsum_n in_o the_o place_n aforecited_a tell_v we_o 4._o from_o the_o ancient_a tradition_n of_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n that_o noah_n himself_o as_o lord_n of_o all_o be_v author_n of_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o private_a dominion_n and_o that_o by_o the_o appointment_n of_o a_o oracle_n from_o god_n be_v do_v confirm_v this_o distribution_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n which_o at_o his_o death_n he_o lefâ_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n shem_fw-mi and_o also_o warn_v all_o his_o son_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v invade_v any_o of_o their_o brother_n dominion_n or_o injure_v one_o another_o because_o from_o thence_o discord_n and_o civil_a war_n will_v necessary_o follow_v nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o noah_n may_v not_o emancipate_v his_o two_o young_a son_n from_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o elder_a and_o likewise_o give_v they_o a_o separate_a share_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o a_o independent_a power_n over_o their_o own_o family_n and_o posterity_n in_o the_o second_o place_n it_o may_v be_v impracticable_a for_o one_o man_n
with_o the_o advice_n and_o assistance_n of_o their_o wite_n or_o wiseman_n simple_o without_o mention_v any_o particular_a order_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o and_o when_o any_o rank_a or_o degree_n of_o man_n be_v particular_o mention_v they_o be_v only_o the_o same_o before_o rehearse_v both_o ecclesiastic_n and_o laic_n 2._o i_o note_v that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o wittena_n gâmotes_n micel_v synod_n micel_v gemote_n or_o great_a council_n where_o the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la without_o particularise_v any_o degree_n of_o person_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n for_o the_o spiritual_a nobility_n and_o the_o eorl_n or_o alderman_n and_o thanes_z for_o the_o temporal_a be_v present_a at_o the_o make_n of_o they_o as_o also_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v any_o of_o the_o high_a class_n other_o than_o bishop_n aldermen_z and_o gereve_n or_o praepositi_fw-la 3._o i_o note_v that_o it_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o these_o all_o joint_o be_v the_o sapientes_fw-la where_o there_o be_v only_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la in_o general_n name_v without_o recite_v any_o particular_a order_n or_o degree_n of_o men._n now_o if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o from_o as_o good_a authority_n as_o i_o have_v here_o produce_v that_o any_o of_o the_o commons_o sit_v in_o these_o great_a council_n at_o least_o to_o represent_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o among_o the_o saxon_n i_o will_v grant_v that_o during_o the_o saxon_a government_n the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o call_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v a_o essential_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o those_o time_n f._n to_o return_v you_o as_o short_a a_o answer_n as_o i_o can_v to_o those_o authority_n you_o now_o cite_v i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n premise_v that_o though_o i_o grant_v all_o nobility_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n saxon_n and_o frank_n who_o be_v but_o so_o many_o stirps_fw-la or_o branch_n of_o the_o gothic_a nation_n be_v at_o first_o whole_o military_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n and_o savour_v of_o the_o prejudices_fw-la of_o the_o age_n and_o country_n we_o live_v in_o to_o imagine_v that_o ancient_o there_o be_v the_o same_o distinction_n between_o peer_n or_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o we_o now_o call_v commoner_n as_o there_o be_v now_o for_o if_o we_o go_v but_o over_o into_o france_n or_o germany_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o difference_n there_o between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n and_o a_o gentleman_n be_v as_o noble_a as_o a_o dâke_n or_o a_o marquis_n and_o if_o we_o pass_v far_o into_o denmark_n and_o norway_n from_o whence_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n be_v suppose_v to_o come_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o but_o few_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v no_o such_o title_n among_o they_o as_o earl_n or_o baron_n every_o lord_n of_o a_o town_n or_o district_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v a_o adelman_n or_o nobleman_n and_o so_o i_o suppose_v it_o ancient_o be_v among_o the_o english_a saxon_n the_o word_n athel_n or_o adel_n comprehend_v to_o speak_v in_o our_o present_a dialect_n all_o degree_n as_o well_o nobleman_n as_o gentleman_n and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o ancient_a author_n viz._n paulus_n warnefridus_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la longobardorum_fw-la 21._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o adelman_n or_o adeling_n tell_v we_o sic_fw-la and_o eos_fw-la quidam_fw-la nobiles_fw-la prosapia_fw-la vocabantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n adelingi_n tit._n p._n 9_o 10._o write_v thus_o anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la dici_fw-la pro_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la apud_fw-la germanos_fw-la antiquatum_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la aedelman_n vocant_fw-la a_o saxonico_n aedel_n pro_fw-la nobili_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n make_v the_o word_n aethelum_n to_o signify_v all_o one_o 708._o either_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n beside_o adam_n of_o bremen_n and_o 4._o nitardus_fw-la likewise_o both_o ancient_a historian_n divide_v the_o saxon_a nation_n into_o three_o different_a degree_n or_o order_n viz_o into_o atheling_n i._n e._n noble_n friling_n i._n e._n freemen_n and_o lazzos_n i._n e._n villain_n bours_z or_o bondman_n beside_o which_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n yet_o as_o freeman_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a share_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n have_v likewise_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a and_o these_o be_v the_o alderman_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o this_o they_o resemble_v the_o german_a diet_n who_o constituent_a member_n be_v according_a to_o gonterus_fw-la a_o ancient_a german_a poet_n praelati_fw-la proceres_fw-la missisque_fw-la potentibus_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o since_o this_o be_v a_o dispute_n about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n in_o what_o sense_n they_o be_v use_v in_o that_o age_n we_o be_v now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v inconvenient_a to_o examine_v from_o the_o most_o learned_a glossarist_n the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o those_o word_n which_o be_v in_o dispute_n between_o we_o and_o therefore_o since_o we_o be_v agree_v about_o the_o meaning_n of_o all_o other_o word_n except_o these_o viz._n alderman_n thanes_z wites_z magnates_n optimates_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la preceres_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la let_v we_o examine_v each_o of_o their_o ancient_a signification_n to_o begin_v then_o with_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d man_n alderman_n which_o word_n be_v of_o a_o very_a general_a signification_n for_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n alderman_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v aldermannus_n regis_n comitatus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr quorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la non_fw-la facile_fw-la est_fw-la definire_fw-la alderman_n mr._n lambard_n render_v the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d man_n in_o latin_a senator_n i._n e._n one_o that_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o so_o do_v mr._n somner_n in_o his_o saxon_a dictionary_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v learn_v that_o this_o word_n be_v of_o a_o large_a signification_n and_o may_v comprehend_v such_o as_o in_o latter_a time_n be_v call_v commons_o alderman_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o lord_n or_o high_a nobility_n and_o can_v not_o exclude_v they_o verstegan_n render_v this_o word_n thus_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d so_o write_v in_o our_o ancient_a language_n 326._o be_v proper_o a_o elder_a or_o senior_n yet_o a_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d man_n which_o we_o call_v now_o a_o alderman_n be_v such_o in_o effect_n among_o our_o ancestor_n as_o be_v the_o tribunus_n plebis_fw-la with_o the_o roman_n that_o be_v one_o that_o have_v chief_a jurisdiction_n among_o the_o commons_o as_o be_v a_o maintainer_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o if_o so_o such_o person_n must_v certain_o have_v have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o commoner_n and_o therefore_o must_v from_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v something_o more_o in_o those_o time_n than_o a_o earl_n or_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n only_o so_o likewise_o that_o the_o word_n thane_n comprehend_v more_o than_o the_o king_n great_a feudal_n or_o military_a tenant_n may_v appear_v by_o these_o interpretation_n of_o it_o which_o our_o antiquary_n have_v give_v we_o the_o industrious_a mr._n somner_n in_o his_o glossary_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o x._o scriptores_fw-la as_o also_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 267._o do_v both_o agree_v in_o the_o difference_n i_o now_o make_v between_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o thanes_z the_o former_a be_v call_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d thani_fw-la regii_fw-la 69._o the_o other_o call_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d mediocres_fw-la vel_fw-la inferiores_fw-la thani_fw-la middle_n or_o less_o thanes_z who_o be_v maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la miâââes_fw-la vavasores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la with_o who_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n agree_v thanorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la genera_fw-la majores_fw-la quos_fw-la thainâs_fw-la regis_fw-la appellabant_fw-la nos_fw-la barones_n regis_fw-la &_o thaini_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la seu_fw-la thaini_fw-la minores_fw-la quâ_n iidem_fw-la erant_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n minores_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la nobiles_fw-la minores_fw-la &_o nonnunquam_fw-la liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la nuncupantur_fw-la so_o likewise_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n 223._o thus_o thani_fw-la autem_fw-la appellatione_fw-la viri_fw-la interdum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la interdum_fw-la liberae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la homines_fw-la interdum_fw-la magistratus_fw-la
far_o confirm_v by_o several_a undeniable_a authority_n wherein_o by_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v be_v understand_v not_o the_o community_n of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o comprehend_v all_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n as_o it_o do_v among_o the_o roman_n but_o only_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v then_o properly_z speaking_z the_o only_a freeman_n be_v this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o nobility_n possess_v any_o land_n in_o fee-simple_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n then_o call_v cheorl_n folk_n hold_v they_o in_o villanage_n under_o their_o lord_n or_o thanes_z be_v no_o better_a than_o mere_a villain_n or_o costager_n and_o who_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o the_o good_a behaviour_n every_o ten_o family_n be_v bind_v one_o for_o another_o in_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v or_o court_n of_o franc-pledge_a under_o their_o head_n or_o ten_o man_n call_v the_o tythingman_n who_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o they_o so_o that_o the_o common_a people_n of_o england_n be_v not_o such_o a_o free_a people_n nor_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o government_n as_o some_o suppose_v there_o be_v i_o believe_v no_o such_o person_n as_o our_o yeoman_n or_o farrier_n in_o those_o day_n f._n though_o perhaps_o this_o law_n may_v very_o well_o be_v transcribe_v from_o some_o old_a copââ_n of_o king_n aethelbert_n law_n not_o now_o extant_a and_o in_o which_o there_o may_v be_v the_o word_n thanes_z instead_o of_o baronibus_fw-la which_o be_v but_o a_o translation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o sense_n iâ_n which_o it_o be_v use_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n nor_o be_v it_o true_a which_o you_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v never_o in_o use_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n in_o ancient_a charter_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n edgar_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n contain_v a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a charter_n and_o privilege_n collect_v ãâã_d the_o aforesaid_a sulcardus_n 7._o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n the_o charter_n itself_o be_v long_o but_o conclude_v thus_o in_o concilio_n habito_fw-la infra_fw-la basilicam_fw-la westmonast_n praesidente_fw-la ãâã_d filio_fw-la svo_fw-la edwardo_n &_o archiepo_n dunstano_n &_o universis_fw-la episcopââ_n &_o baronibus_fw-la suis_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o unknown_a before_o the_o time_n of_o william_n i._o and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o other_o king_n charter_n where_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o trouble_v you_o with_o they_o and_o so_o likewise_o populus_fw-la for_o people_n or_o folk_n in_o the_o saxon_a yet_o take_v it_o as_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v write_v not_o long_o before_o the_o time_n hoveden_n write_v his_o history_n which_o be_v above_o 80_o year_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o this_o author_n or_o whoever_o else_o add_v this_o passage_n to_o this_o law_n about_o tithe_n do_v then_o suppose_v that_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n then_o use_v the_o people_n have_v representative_n in_o those_o assembly_n which_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n for_o if_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la signify_v here_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n different_a from_o the_o lord_n than_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la mus_fw-la necessary_o signify_v some_o that_o be_v commons_o and_o not_o lord_n by_o your_o own_o concession_n and_o who_o also_o must_v represent_v other_o beside_o themselves_o but_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a that_o by_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la shall_v be_v mean_v the_o communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o the_o communitas_fw-la baronum_fw-la for_o then_o since_o the_o word_n baronum_n will_v have_v include_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la have_v be_v add_v at_o all_o therefore_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o believe_v this_o way_n of_o express_v the_o several_a estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v a_o monkish_a blunder_n as_o you_o suppose_v that_o ât_a be_v rather_o a_o common_a and_o ordinary_a way_n of_o expression_n among_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o timeâ_n as_o well_o in_o record_n as_o history_n who_o then_o very_o well_o know_v the_o people_n or_o commons_o to_o be_v a_o estate_n or_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n quite_o different_a from_o the_o lord_n and_o in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v recite_v in_o a_o ancient_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n that_o he_o be_v divorce_v the_o new_a queen_n be_v crown_v 33._o de_fw-fr communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o concordi_fw-la voluntate_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o pâpuli_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o clerus_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a must_v be_v mean_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n represent_v by_o their_o proxy_n in_o this_o great_a synod_n or_o parliament_n and_o by_o populus_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o people_n or_o commons_o likewise_o present_a by_o their_o representative_n or_o else_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la have_v be_v idle_a tantology_n in_o this_o record_n and_o in_o the_o like_a sense_n it_o be_v also_o use_v by_o matt._n paris_n 223._o in_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen_n iii_o presentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la where_o this_o author_n make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o magnate_v and_o the_o populus_fw-la which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o word_n magnates_n will_v have_v comprehend_v all_o your_o great_a or_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o that_o great_a synod_n or_o council_n that_o be_v call_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a anno_fw-la dom._n 905._o and_o be_v mention_v by_o simeon_n of_o durham_n and_o other_o author_n quote_v by_o archbishop_n parker_n the_o compiler_n of_o the_o british_a antiquity_n in_o these_o word_n plegmundus_n cantuariensis_n archiepiscopus_fw-la âââ_o cum_fw-la rege_fw-la magnifico_n cognominato_fw-la edwardo_n seniore_fw-la consilium_fw-la magnum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n convocavit_fw-la which_o synod_n or_o council_n be_v call_v to_o divide_v the_o large_a diocese_n of_o winchester_n and_o sherbarn_n into_o five_o other_o as_o i_o have_v already_o tell_v you_o where_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v the_o word_n fidelium_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la put_v distinct_a from_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la if_o we_o take_v that_o word_n to_o signify_v only_o the_o great_a nobility_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o a_o few_o word_n in_o reply_n to_o your_o answer_n why_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la can_v not_o among_o the_o saxon_n take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o among_o the_o roman_n for_o i_o can_v take_v it_o as_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n for_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o though_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v great_a slave_n than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o hereditary_a property_n in_o their_o estate_n but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n yet_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n or_o else_o villain_n as_o now_o understand_v since_o nitardus_fw-la tell_v we_o in_o the_o place_n above_o mention_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o people_n among_o the_o saxon_n edelingi_n frilingâ_n &_o lazzi_n i_o e._n gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n freeman_n and_o slave_n or_o villain_n and_o this_o middle_a sort_n of_o man_n may_v also_o possess_v land_n in_o allodio_n or_o free-tenure_n though_o they_o do_v also_o depend_v upon_o other_o great_a man_n for_o protection_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v those_o who_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n call_v in_o doomsday_n book_n 56._o commendate_n i._n e._n such_o who_o though_o they_o live_v under_o the_o protection_n and_o within_o the_o district_n of_o some_o great_a man_n lord_n or_o patron_n yet_o as_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n tell_v we_o be_v free_a both_o as_o to_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n not_o as_o swear_v to_o or_o hold_v of_o any_o but_o the_o king_n and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v also_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o city_n and_o burgh_n town_n and_o those_o very_a considerable_a for_o estate_n and_o other_o riches_n who_o though_o not_o noble_o bear_v and_o yet_o be_v freeman_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a m._n i_o shall_v not_o at_o present_a
errant_a slave_n and_o vassal_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o mean_a person_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v tax_v as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o superior_a lord_n which_o whether_o so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o body_n of_o man_n will_v ever_o have_v suffer_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v m._n i_o grant_v this_o may_v now_o appear_v somewhat_o hard_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o grievance_n and_o it_o be_v then_o no_o more_o unjust_a than_o it_o be_v now_o that_o person_n under_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n though_o of_o never_o so_o good_a estate_n in_o money_n or_o stock_n or_o that_o tenant_n for_o year_n or_o for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o shall_v at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o consequent_o be_v without_o any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o choice_n and_o yet_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o law_n and_o tax_n though_o never_o so_o great_a when_o make_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o divers_a good_a authority_n to_o prove_v that_o even_o london_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o city_n and_o town_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v call_v his_o demesne_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n out_o of_o parliament_n before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la and_o i_o think_v dr._n b._n have_v prove_v this_o beyond_o exception_n in_o his_o animadversion_n upon_o mr._n a_n jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la noâe_fw-la and_o he_o there_o give_v we_o the_o record_n itself_o of_o 39_o hen._n iii_o now_o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o king_n do_v that_o year_n as_o he_o have_v divers_a time_n before_o talliate_v or_o tax_v all_o his_o demesne_n land_n in_o england_n and_o then_o likewise_o demand_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o sum_n of_o 3000_o mark_n in_o name_n of_o the_o talliage_n or_o tax_n so_o lay_v and_o the_o mayor_n and_o citizen_n at_o last_o yield_v after_o a_o great_a contest_v it_o appear_v upon_o search_n of_o the_o roll_n in_o the_o ezchequer_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n have_v be_v several_a time_n before_o so_o tax_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o so_o they_o pay_v at_o last_o the_o sum_n which_o the_o king_n demand_v by_o which_o you_o see_v that_o the_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n nay_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v be_v it_o now_o necessary_a that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o tax_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n only_o before_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la above_o mention_v but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n from_o which_o you_o force_v i_o to_o digress_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o our_o ancient_a parliament_n be_v only_o the_o king_n court_n baron_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o which_o as_o in_o the_o lesser_a court_n baroa_n or_o court_n of_o manor_n the_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n be_v together_o with_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o at_o first_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o appoint_v or_o call_v which_o or_o what_o sort_n of_o those_o tenant_n be_v please_v to_o attend_v he_o with_o their_o aid_n and_o advice_n at_o his_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a as_o i_o shall_v prove_v more_o at_o large_a from_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o statute_n then_o that_o before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o and_o some_o year_n also_o after_o that_o time_n none_o but_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n and_o some_o of_o the_o less_o call_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o constitute_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n under_o âhe_n title_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o for_o this_o i_o can_v give_v you_o so_o good_a authority_n that_o nothing_o but_o more_o cogent_n and_o evident_a proof_n can_v bring_v i_o from_o this_o opinion_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o do_v not_o value_v those_o loose_a and_o inconsiderate_a expression_n of_o historian_n either_o before_o or_o after_o that_o time_n f._n i_o see_v the_o testimony_n of_o historian_n be_v of_o no_o credit_n if_o they_o make_v against_o your_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o your_o mistake_v about_o the_o king_n tax_v anon_o but_o the_o main_a force_n of_o your_o argument_n lie_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o latin_a word_n you_o have_v last_o mention_v and_o which_o i_o must_v needs_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v you_o take_v in_o too_o strict_a a_o sense_n 108._o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o word_n baro_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n before_o william_n i._o obtain_v the_o english_a diadem_n baro_n say_v camden_n britanni_n pro_fw-la svo_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscum_fw-la in_o anglosaxonicis_a legibus_fw-la nusquam_fw-la comparet_fw-la 121._o nec_fw-la in_o aâfrici_fw-la glossario_fw-la saxonico_n inter_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la habetur_fw-la for_o the_o english_a saxon_n call_v those_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aealderman_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v name_v comites_fw-la and_o by_o the_o dane_n earl_n but_o it_o be_v of_o so_o extensive_a a_o import_n in_o its_o signification_n that_o we_o read_v of_o aldermani_fw-la regis_fw-la aldermani_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v you_o alderman_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a sense_n of_o this_o word_n we_o have_v whole_a regiment_n of_o earl_n who_o title_n seldom_o if_o at_o all_o descend_v hereditary_a till_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o after_o william_n i._o the_o saxon_a word_n aealderman_n and_o thegnes_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v change_v and_o in_o the_o room_n of_o aldermanni_n &_o thani_n we_o find_v comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o history_n nor_o be_v the_o word_n barones_n only_o take_v in_o those_o day_n for_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o for_o the_o inferior_a baron_n or_o free_a tenant_n which_o hold_v great_a estate_n of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o king_n by_o certain_a service_n and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o earl_n as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n baro_n often_o direct_v their_o charter_n 70._o barombus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la tam_fw-la francis_n quam_fw-la anglis_fw-la and_o we_o there_o also_o read_v some_o quotation_n from_o the_o old_a book_n of_o ramsey_n abby_n wherein_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ramsey_n as_o also_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la thereof_o be_v particular_o mention_v all_o which_o as_o this_o learned_a author_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la de_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la sid_n de_fw-fr vassallis_n feodalibus_fw-la note_n scil_n melioris_fw-la and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v a_o little_a low_o that_o baron_n be_v often_o take_v pro_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o soccagio_fw-it quam_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la m._n what_o then_o do_v you_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n in_o england_n by_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o hold_v appear_v in_o person_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n and_o dr._n b._n assign_v for_o the_o summon_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n at_o this_o rate_n every_o yeoman_n or_o petty_a freeholder_n be_v a_o baron_n so_o that_o this_o assembly_n may_v then_o consist_v of_o above_o 50_o or_o 60_o thousand_o person_n since_o spot_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o service_n of_o about_o 60000_o knight_n fee_n which_o by_o the_o time_n i_o suppose_v may_v have_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o more_o lesser_a one_o 19_o by_o co-heirship_a or_o by_o sale_n and_o otherwise_o parcel_v out_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n into_o half-knighs-fee_n three_o part_n of_o fee_n four_o part_n of_o fee_n eight_o part_n sixteen_o twenty_o thirty_o and_o forty_o part_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o have_v be_v increase_v into_o as_o many_o more_o and_o these_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o
of_o coventry_n where_o by_o proceres_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o same_o order_n of_o man_n as_o by_o magnates_n &_o populus_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n with_o who_o the_o king_n have_v this_o large_a or_o more_o diffusive_a treaty_n as_o this_o author_n word_n it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v now_o put_v a_o very_a fair_a gloss_n upon_o these_o place_n i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o but_o it_o be_v a_o hundred_o pity_n that_o such_o a_o fine_a hypothesis_n shall_v have_v no_o better_a proof_n than_o your_o bare_a surmise_n to_o support_v it_o for_o that_o be_v all_o the_o authority_n that_o i_o can_v see_v you_o bring_v for_o your_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o not_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n but_o i_o see_v no_o good_a authority_n as_o yet_o bring_v by_o you_o to_o prove_v it_o except_o that_o clause_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o if_o as_o i_o have_v late_o show_v you_o it_o will_v beat_v a_o quite_o different_a interpretation_n all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v upon_o that_o head_n will_v signify_v nothing_o therefore_o as_o for_o the_o main_a argument_n you_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la nobiâium_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n together_o with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v such_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n as_o this_o author_n here_o mention_n to_o have_v i_o at_o london_n as_o also_o because_o of_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summons_n if_o these_o be_v material_a objection_n against_o our_o opinion_n so_o it_o will_v be_v likewise_o against_o you_o for_o how_o can_v this_o be_v a_o great_a council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o express_o provide_v for_o forty_o day_n summon_v for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o come_v to_o this_o assembly_n and_o if_o so_o be_v this_o usage_n be_v break_v at_o this_o time_n upon_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n in_o respect_n of_o they_o it_o may_v be_v so_o also_o as_o to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n may_v be_v choose_v at_o the_o next_o country-court_n and_o their_o name_n return_v immediate_o before_o or_o together_o with_o their_o meeting_n at_o london_n and_o as_o to_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n it_o be_v yet_o more_o easy_a for_o they_o to_o be_v choose_v and_o return_v in_o three_o week_n time_n since_o every_o body_n know_v the_o city_n may_v have_v call_v common_a council_n and_o the_o town_n and_o burrough_n by_o the_o notice_n of_o their_o proper_a officer_n to_o who_o the_o writ_n be_v deliver_v may_v have_v assemble_v at_o their_o common_a hall_n or_o town-house_n immediate_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o these_o together_o with_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n join_v with_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v up_o the_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v by_o mat._n paria_fw-la but_o your_o main_a objection_n i_o confess_v be_v behind_o how_o these_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o here_o call_v infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la can_v be_v the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o number_n can_v not_o be_v at_o that_o time_n above_o 500_o person_n as_o for_o this_o pray_v consider_v if_o the_o difficulty_n will_v not_o bear_v as_o hard_o upon_o you_o for_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la make_v such_o a_o vaft_n multitude_n all_o those_o difficulty_n will_v arise_v that_o you_o press_v i_o with_o upon_o my_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n in_o england_n in_o parliament_n before_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v introduce_v in_o the_o room_n of_o they_o viz._n how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n to_o debate_v vote_n or_o do_v any_o business_n and_o what_o room_n or_o church_n be_v able_a to_o hold_v so_o many_o and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o grant_v all_o your_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v but_o one_o knight_n fee_n apiece_o to_o have_v meet_v there_o these_o may_v have_v make_v a_o body_n of_o 5_o or_o 5000_o man_n which_o how_o they_o can_v have_v be_v manage_v any_o better_a than_o 20000_o or_o 30000_o which_o will_v have_v more_o then_o take_v in_o all_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n too_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v resolve_v i_o if_o you_o can_v so_o that_o at_o last_o upon_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n this_o populus_fw-la consist_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v as_o much_o commoner_n as_o the_o knight_n oâ_n shire_n at_o this_o day_n for_o as_o for_o the_o word_n nobilium_fw-la i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o you_o must_v needs_o here_o grant_v it_o that_o it_o take_v in_o the_o inferior_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o the_o superior_a and_o if_o so_o why_o not_o all_o the_o considerable_a measu_fw-la tenant_n of_o those_o tenant_n so_o that_o you_o have_v hitherto_o bring_v no_o proof_n but_o your_o bare_a assertion_n that_o under_o this_o infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la nobilium_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v only_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o either_o this_o author_n speak_v hyperbolical_o or_o else_o all_o the_o chief_a gentry_n of_o england_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n may_v have_v appear_v at_o this_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a assembly_n so_o that_o you_o be_v under_o this_o dilemma_n either_o this_o curia_fw-la which_o you_o confess_v meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o it_o be_v not_o then_o there_o be_v some_o other_o great_a council_n beside_o that_o but_o if_o it_o be_v than_o it_o will_v plain_o follow_v though_o you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v to_o mince_v the_o matter_n that_o this_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n meet_v of_o course_n by_o ancient_a custom_n three_o time_n in_o the_o year_n without_o any_o summons_n at_o all_o from_o the_o king_n which_o if_o i_o shall_v have_v affirm_v you_o will_v have_v call_v it_o a_o commonwealth_n notion_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o great_a proof_n that_o this_o assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o parliament_n do_v not_o upon_o your_o hypothesis_n immediate_o depend_v on_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n for_o their_o assemble_v and_o act_v when_o meet_v m._n well_o since_o you_o can_v bring_v no_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o be_v any_o other_o beside_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o meet_v at_o this_o great_a council_n i_o have_v still_o more_o reason_n to_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v so_o than_o you_o can_v do_v for_o the_o conorary_a opinion_n therefore_o pray_v give_v i_o if_o you_o can_v some_o clear_a and_o late_a proof_n for_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o council_n f._n i_o shall_v comply_v with_o your_o desire_n and_o in_o order_n to_o it_o shall_v conclude_v with_o two_o or_o three_o of_o those_o very_a authority_n the_o doctor_n have_v give_v we_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n where_o he_o give_v we_o this_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o 2ââth_n of_o hen._n 3._o which_o plain_o prove_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o common_a university_n 1244_o or_o sole_a rep._n esentative_a of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n â_o pray_v read_v it_o eâââ_n in_o anno_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la regis_fw-la summonitione_fw-la convocati_fw-la londinum_n magnates_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la arciâpisâori_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n in_o quo_fw-la concilio_n portis_fw-la rex_fw-la oâe_fw-la proprio_fw-la in_o presentia_fw-la magnatum_fw-la i._n e._n of_o all_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v in_o refectorio_fw-la westmonasteriensi_fw-la axilium_fw-la sieri_fw-la pecuniare_fw-la cui_fw-la fuit_fw-la responsum_fw-la quâd_fw-la super_fw-la âoc_fw-la tractarent_fw-la ârecedentesque_fw-la magnates_fw-la de_fw-fr râfectorio_n convenerunt_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la ââ_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n &_o priores_fw-la seorsim_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la superque_fw-la hoc_fw-la diligenter_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la âandâm_fw-la requisiti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la eorum_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n si_fw-la vellent_fw-la illis_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la conâentire_fw-la in_o responsione_n &_o previsione_n super_fw-la hiâ_n facienda_fw-la qui_fw-la responderunt_fw-la scâlicet_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n quod_fw-la sine_fw-la communi_fw-la universitate_fw-la nihil_fw-la facerent_fw-la ture_fw-fr de_fw-fr communi_fw-la dissânsu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parie_fw-la cleri_fw-la electus_n cant._n etc._n etc._n now_o i_o think_v here_o be_v as_o manifest_v a_o distinction_n as_o need_v to_o be_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o 208._o as_o member_n
communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la can_v mean_v as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o viz._n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v grant_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o their_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n only_o who_o say_v you_o represent_v the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o then_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v this_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o at_o this_o rate_n no_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la will_v have_v pay_v any_o thing_n to_o this_o tax_n nor_o yet_o the_o king_n tenant_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o castle_n or_o honour_n nor_o last_o any_o tenant_n in_o socage_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o kent_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o county_n as_o mr._n taylour_n prove_v in_o his_o history_n of_o gauâl-kând_a so_o that_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o other_o under_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n have_v be_v then_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o community_n have_v not_o consist_v of_o above_o one_o half_a or_o at_o most_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o in_o my_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o will_v be_v no_o difficulty_n at_o all_o for_o these_o magnate_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v as_o i_o have_v proveâ_n they_o often_o be_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n than_o these_o word_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n that_o all_o the_o party_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n who_o all_o contribute_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o king_n daughter_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a estate_n and_o though_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n have_v be_v otherwise_o in_o this_o place_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o have_v contradict_v my_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o do_v not_o aver_v always_o to_o signify_v the_o commons_o but_o when_o it_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o it_o do_v not_o in_o this_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v m._n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o this_o can_v be_v since_o the_o record_n say_v express_o that_o this_o aid_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o can_v only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v since_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o at_o all_o mention_v who_o you_o know_v do_v at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n f._n this_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o know_v or_o else_o not_o consider_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o reckon_a estate_n and_o consequent_o of_o tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n not_o only_o land_n hold_v by_o military_a but_o socage_n tenure_n also_o faciendis_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o those_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 26_o of_o hen._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o close_a roll_n be_v both_o almost_o the_o same_o word_n for_o word_n which_o i_o give_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n yet_o since_o you_o may_v have_v forget_v they_o pray_v read_v they_o again_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a northampton_n saluâem_v praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la faâies_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it possint_fw-la sistentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la siâut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sus_fw-la diligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno._n regni_n nostr_n xxv_o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la âiâri_fw-la faciant_fw-la where_o you_o may_v note_n that_o all_o man_n who_o hold_v the_o value_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n either_o by_o military_a or_o socage_n tenure_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v knight_n provide_v they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o of_o their_o estate_n which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v have_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o reckon_a and_o tax_v estate_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o otherwise_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n that_o be_v at_o 20â_n per_fw-la an._n be_v then_o common_o use_v but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o objection_n that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o that_o which_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v you_o that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la use_v in_o your_o record_n be_v there_o to_o be_v understand_v restrictive_o and_o according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n viz._n the_o community_n of_o freeholders_n or_o land-holders_n of_o the_o who_o kingdom_n only_o since_o this_o tax_n be_v whole_o upon_o land_n the_o commons_o of_o city_n and_o burrough_n then_o call_v communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o buâgorum_n who_o estate_n lay_v in_o money_n or_o good_n can_v not_o be_v tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o that_o if_o we_o have_v the_o record_n of_o that_o parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n now_o leave_v we_o which_o be_v lose_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o also_o contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o this_o king_n to_o make_v the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n a_o knight_n as_o for_o your_o record_n of_o the_o 20_o of_o edw._n iii_o it_o be_v but_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n with_o this_o of_o the_o 30_o of_o edw._n i._n and_o the_o same_o answer_n will_v serve_v for_o both_o only_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o whereas_o you_o have_v often_o assert_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v only_o signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la now_o you_o fall_v a_o peg_n low_a and_o it_o must_v at_o last_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n whether_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o m._n well_o then_o you_o gâant_v that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o far_o that_o it_o must_v mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o pâay_o see_v this_o very_a record_n of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o appendix_n 173._o which_o be_v long_o i_o shaâl_v trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o than_o what_o make_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n intend_v to_o make_v his_o son_n prince_z edward_z a_o knight_n summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o appoint_v what_o aid_n they_o will_v grant_v the_o king_n towards_o it_o and_o than_o it_o follow_v thus_o that_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o as_o also_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n being_n mer_o treat_v together_o with_o deliberation_n upon_o this_o matter_n consider_v that_o a_o aid_n be_v due_a to_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n beside_o the_o burden_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o scotch_a war_n at_o lengh_n they_o unanimous_o domino_fw-la regni_fw-la concâssârunt_fw-la pâo_fw-la sâ_n &_o ââtâ_fw-la communitate_fw-la râgni_fw-la âricesimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la bunââum_fw-la suorum_fw-la ââmporalium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la for_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n and_o towards_o his_o expense_n of_o his_o war_n in_o scotland_n aâd_v then_o the_o cives_fw-la &_o âu_n genses_fw-la civet_fw-la ââum_fw-la ac_fw-la burgorum_n âc_z caeteri_fw-la de_fw-fr dominiâs_fw-la râgis_fw-la congregati_fw-la treat_v about_o the_o premise_n and_o consider_v the_o burden_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n not_o mention_v any_o aid_n for_o make_v his_o âon_n knight_n as_o not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knights-fee_n oâ_n service_n and_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o liable_a to_o it_o dâmino_fw-la râgâ_n un_fw-fr inimitie_n ob_fw-la cauâas_fw-la supra_fw-la dictas_fw-la concâsserunt_fw-la vic._n simâm_fw-la pariem_fw-la bono_fw-mi ãâ¦ã_z mobilium_fw-la here_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n consult_v together_o and_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o
at_o the_o end_n but_o the_o king_n himself_o teââe_o meipso_fw-la and_o far_o both_o agree_v in_o all_o thing_n material_a with_o four_o ancient_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o the_o 2d_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o he_o be_v in_o minority_n one_o of_o which_o be_v in_o the_o cuttonian_a library_n a_o second_o be_v late_o in_o possession_n of_o sam_n baldwin_n sergeant_n at_o law_n a_o three_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n cook_n esq_n chief_a prothonotary_n of_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o a_o four_o be_v at_o this_o present_a with_o mr._n peryt_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n which_o i_o myself_o have_v see_v but_o to_o put_v this_o out_o of_o all_o doubt_n there_o be_v still_o extant_a a_o fair_a original_a of_o this_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o the_o 9th_o of_o hen._n iii_o when_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v belong_v to_o bâââail_v abbey_n and_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n nathaniel_n powel_n bench_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n who_o be_v so_o civil_a as_o to_o communicate_v it_o to_o all_o who_o have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o see_v so_o great_a a_o rarity_n so_o that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o charter_n publish_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o his_o 2d_o institutes_n be_v proper_o the_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o edw._n i._n since_o boniface_n be_v at_o that_o time_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o âulk_n bishop_n of_o london_n e._n being_n by_o mistake_n put_v for_o f._n yet_o i_o think_v no_o man_n have_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v whether_o that_o clause_n we_o dispute_v about_o be_v not_o in_o all_o the_o copy_n of_o this_o charter_n as_o well_o as_o in_o this_o of_o edward_n 1_n m._n well_o admit_v this_o charter_n to_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o you_o please_v yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o if_o your_o sense_n be_v that_o the_o word_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n viz._n omnes_fw-la de_fw-fr râgon_n those_o who_o give_v or_o grant_v this_o subsidy_n be_v member_n of_o that_o parliament_n if_o you_o wiââ_n understand_v it_o so_o and_o according_a to_o the_o literal_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n than_o omâes_v de_fw-fr râgnâ_n 126._o as_o well_o those_o thât_n have_v estate_n in_o land_n as_o those_o that_o have_v not_o all_o copy_n holder_n all_o tradesman_n all_o bondman_n and_o villain_n of_o which_o there_o be_v great_a store_n in_o those_o day_n and_o all_o servant_n be_v member_n of_o parliament_n and_o so_o then_o i_o will_v willing_o understand_v where_o âll_a these_o people_n shall_v meet_v how_o their_o council_n shoulâ_n be_v manage_v and_o how_o it_o be_v possible_a in_o such_o meeting_n i_o any_o such_o there_o can_v be_v to_o prevent_v the_o great_a confusion_n imaginable_a the_o meaning_n then_o of_o the_o word_n must_v be_v that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_z âarâ_n baron_n knight_n free-tenant_n and_o all_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o the_o king_n subjects_n dederunt_fw-la that_o be_v pay_v a_o fifteen_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n to_o the_o king_n for_o his_o grant_v these_o charter_n not_o that_o they_o themselves_o give_v or_o grant_v this_o subsidy_n and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n pay_v the_o fifteen_o part_n because_o one_o way_n or_o other_o little_a or_o much_o they_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o they_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o mat._n paris_n who_o you_o now_o quote_v make_v it_o very_o apparent_a who_o be_v the_o constituent_a âorts_n of_o this_o parliament_n for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o observe_v the_o man_n to_o who_o the_o chief_a justice_n propose_v this_o fifteen_o and_o those_o who_o consult_v about_o the_o king_n demand_n and_o those_o that_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o they_o and_o also_o grant_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o the_o movable_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ecclesiastic_n as_o laiâs_n oâ_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v only_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n abbot_n prior_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v the_o only_a constituent_a part_n of_o this_o parliament_n as_o they_o be_v also_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o merâon_n in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n whither_o say_v mât._n paris_n consummato_fw-la cum_fw-la gaudio_fw-la nuptiali_fw-la convivio_fw-la rex_fw-la recedens_fw-la a_o londoniâs_fw-la venis_fw-la mereroââm_fw-la ut_fw-la ibi_fw-la revocati_fw-la magnaies_n unà âum_fw-la rege_fw-la de_fw-la regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la eântractarent_fw-la f._n i_o think_v i_o can_v as_o easy_o answer_v this_o small_a objection_n against_o on_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n pray_v do_v i_o affirm_v that_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v literal_o or_o the_o contrary_a therefore_o you_o do_v ill_a to_o put_v a_o sense_n upon_o i_o which_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v of_o but_o pray_v tell_v who_o ever_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o believe_v that_o these_o word_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v literal_o or_o that_o all_o those_o person_n who_o you_o here_o give_v we_o a_o beadroll_n of_o can_v all_o appear_v in_o parliament_n in_o person_n or_o have_v all_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o this_o clause_n be_v true_a in_o a_o legal_a though_o not_o in_o a_o literal_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n grant_v this_o 15_o viz._n that_o the_o prelate_n and_o temporal_a lord_n in_o their_o proper_a person_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o respective_a representative_n grant_v this_o fifteen_o i_o hope_v it_o be_v a_o good_a rule_n in_o your_o civil_a as_o well_o as_o our_o common_a law_n that_o he_o who_o give_v or_o grant_v any_o thing_n by_o his_o sufficient_a proxy_n or_o representative_a be_v say_v to_o perform_v it_o by_o himself_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n give_v or_o grant_v a_o fifteen_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o charter_n and_o so_o at_o this_o day_n it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o legal_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v join_v in_o grant_v the_o king_n a_o tax_n by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n though_o none_o but_o such_o as_o be_v freeholders_n of_o 40_o â_o a_o year_n can_v have_v vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n nor_o any_o but_o the_o alderman_n of_o divers_a city_n and_o town_n and_o the_o freeman_n of_o corporation_n and_o the_o scot_n and_o lot-man_n of_o burough_n who_o have_v any_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n and_o that_o your_o dr._n himself_o though_o he_o have_v mislead_v you_o in_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n dederunt_fw-la yet_o can_v grant_v this_o to_o be_v a_o reasonable_a interpretation_n of_o this_o clause_n when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o good_a humour_n pray_v remember_v his_o comment_n upon_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 34th_o of_o edw._n i._n which_o i_o give_v you_o but_o now_o wherein_o after_o the_o barones_n it_n follow_v that_o milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la grant_v a_o 30_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n and_o the_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n a_o 20_o whereupon_o he_o tell_v you_o these_o word_n be_v so_o express_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o there_o in_o person_n but_o these_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o knight_n and_o freemen_n give_v by_o their_o representative_n and_o that_o the_o community_n of_o county_n and_o these_o citizen_n and_o burrough_n give_v by_o their_o representative_n and_o why_o these_o milites_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la may_v not_o do_v it_o as_o well_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n when_o this_o charter_n be_v grant_v and_o confirm_v i_o shall_v be_v glad_a if_o you_o can_v give_v i_o a_o sufficient_a reason_n so_o that_o i_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o your_o own_o ingenuity_n to_o consider_v when_o the_o charter_n say_v express_o that_o all_o the_o person_n therein_o mention_v give_v a_o fifteen_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o a_o manifest_a wrest_n of_o the_o grammatical_a signification_n of_o this_o word_n dederunt_fw-la to_o render_v it_o they_o pay_v for_o at_o this_o rate_n a_o man_n may_v make_v word_n signify_v just_a what_o he_o please_v but_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n be_v the_o best_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o ancient_a annal_n of_o waverly-abby_n publish_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n i_o last_o mention_v under_o the_o year_n 1225._o have_v give_v we_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o grant_v thâse_a charter_n 9_o hen._n iii_o recite_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o great_a
charter_n in_o the_o same_o word_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o charter_n itself_o only_o before_o dederunt_fw-la there_o be_v also_o add_v the_o word_n concesserunt_fw-la which_o show_v that_o the_o author_n of_o this_o part_n of_o those_o annal_n who_o may_v very_o well_o write_v at_o the_o same_o time_n or_o present_o after_o the_o charter_n be_v grant_v by_o his_o paraphrase_n of_o concesserunt_fw-la seem_v to_o intend_v to_o prevent_v any_o such_o mistake_n in_o the_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n dederunt_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o constant_a opinion_n of_o all_o historian_n and_o antiquary_n to_o this_o day_n i_o will_v show_v you_o from_o henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n who_o live_v within_o 100_o year_n after_o this_o charter_n be_v grant_v 24.29_o in_o his_o history_n have_v this_o passage_n in_o this_o yera_fw-la viz._n 9_o of_o hen._n iii_o post_fw-la haec_fw-la rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la concessit_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la dvas_fw-la chartos_fw-la unam_fw-la de_fw-la foresta_n &_o aliam_fw-la de_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la ob_fw-la quam_fw-la causam_fw-la commune_v regni_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la 15._o partem_fw-la mobilium_fw-la &_o in_o mobilium_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o this_o author_n write_v it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o the_o commons_o call_v milites_fw-la &_o libri_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o this_o charter_n grant_v this_o 15_o of_o all_o their_o good_n i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o a_o modern_a authority_n of_o a_o person_n who_o you_o will_v own_v to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n and_o learning_n viz._n sir_n henry_n spelman_n who_o in_o his_o discourse_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la insert_v in_o his_o glossary_n have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n demum_fw-la anno._n 9_o regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la concedente_fw-la clero_fw-la 376._o &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la qâintodeceimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la rerummobilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la renovantur_fw-la chartae_fw-la lib_fw-la rtatum_fw-la prout_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la johanne_n prius_fw-la erunt_fw-la conditae_fw-la where_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o populus_fw-la he_o mean_v the_o commons_o as_o distinct_a from_o the_o lord_n and_o clergy_n as_o for_o what_o you_o say_v further_o whereby_o you_o will_v set_v up_o the_o authority_n of_o mat._n paris_n against_o the_o express_a âords_n of_o the_o charter_n itself_o i_o suppose_v you_o or_o the_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o nâtion_n be_v the_o first_o who_o interpret_v ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n according_a to_o the_o general_a word_n of_o historian_n whereas_o i_o always_o think_v till_o now_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o historian_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v understand_v by_o record_n and_o not_o vice_n versa_fw-la since_o the_o former_a differ_v one_o from_o another_o in_o their_o manner_n of_o expression_n of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o for_o brevity_n sake_n express_v themselves_o in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o they_o can_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o conciseness_n of_o those_o expression_n which_o we_o find_v in_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o ancient_a author_n yet_o i_o think_v even_o in_o this_o place_n now_o cite_v there_o be_v word_n enough_o to_o prove_v there_o be_v other_o lay_v person_n at_o this_o council_n beside_o earl_n and_o baron_n there_o mention_v or_o else_o what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n aliis_fw-la uâiversis_fw-la immediate_o after_o baronibus_fw-la to_o who_o hubert_n the_o burgh_n propose_v the_o king_n demand_n and_o who_o also_o give_v their_o answer_n to_o they_o and_o if_o these_o gentleman_n be_v not_o baron_n as_o certain_o they_o be_v not_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o distinction_n make_v than_o they_o be_v meet_v commoner_n and_o so_o we_o find_v that_o there_o be_v commons_o in_o parliament_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o mat._n paris_n before_o the_o 49._o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v likewise_o prove_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o mertoâ_n which_o i_o have_v late_o cite_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o its_o preface_n run_v thus_o ita_fw-la provijum_fw-la fuiâ_fw-la &_o concâssum_fw-la tâm_fw-la à _fw-la predictis_fw-la archi-piscopis_a episcopis_fw-la comiâibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la now_o pray_v tell_v i_o who_o these_o &_o alii_fw-la be_v if_o not_o the_o commons_o for_o you_o do_v not_o answer_v this_o question_n when_o i_o last_o mention_v this_o statute_n m._n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o my_o thought_n of_o these_o alii_fw-la by_o and_o by_z when_o i_o come_v to_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o give_v you_o the_o drs._n interpretation_n of_o this_o word_n milites_fw-la put_v here_o after_o barones_n which_o milites_fw-la be_v not_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o tenant_n in_o capiâe_fw-la by_o military_a service_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o assize_n or_o statute_n of_o richard_n the_o i._o quote_v by_o r._n hovelen_n in_o his_o history_n 445._o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v make_v per_fw-la assensum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la &_o episcoporum_fw-la abbarum_fw-la câmiutum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la &_o militum_fw-la now_o these_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o style_v baron_n and_o the_o baron_n milites_fw-la nam_fw-la miles_n say_v sir_n henry_n spellmaâ_n quem_fw-la baronem_fw-la vocibant_fw-la non_fw-la à _fw-la militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la quo_fw-la equite_n crebantur_fw-la sed_fw-la a_fw-la militari_fw-la âedo_fw-la quo_fw-la alius_fw-la possessor_n &_o liberè_fw-la teneus_n num_fw-la upatus_fw-la est_fw-la nomen_fw-la sumpsit_fw-la that_o be_v such_o as_o have_v land_n give_v they_o for_o or_o such_o as_o hold_v land_n by_o military_a service_n and_o do_v homage_n and_o fealty_n to_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n mat._n paris_n call_v all_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n milites_fw-la when_o in_o the_o parliament_n 37._o of_o hen._n iii_o he_o say_v a_o militibus_fw-la concessum_fw-la est_fw-la scutagium_fw-la illo_fw-la anno._n ad_fw-la scutum_fw-la tres_fw-la marcât_n f._n i_o think_v your_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la iâ_n force_v and_o quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o this_o charter_n now_o pray_v show_v i_o the_o consequence_n that_o because_o the_o baron_n be_v ancient_o style_v milites_fw-la that_o therefore_o your_o tenant_n in_o capiâe_fw-la be_v then_o style_v barones_n too_o which_o be_v not_o true_a and_o quite_o contrary_a to_o this_o charter_n itself_o where_o these_o milites_fw-la whoever_o they_o be_v be_v put_v after_o the_o barones_n as_o a_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n from_o they_o whereas_o if_o the_o term_n have_v be_v then_o reciprocal_a the_o word_n baron_n or_o milites_fw-la chuâe_v which_o you_o please_v will_v have_v comprehend_v both_o but_o indeed_o this_o title_n of_o miles_n be_v then_o of_o a_o much_o large_a signification_n and_o take_v in_o all_o knight_n of_o whatsoever_o tenancy_n whether_o by_o military_a service_n or_o socage_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o writ_n of_o the_o 25_o the_o and_o 26_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v whereby_o those_o that_o hold_v estate_n sufficient_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o the_o tenemento_fw-it âo_o tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socâgi_fw-la be_v a_o like_a summon_v in_o to_o take_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n and_o when_o knight_v be_v certain_o as_o good_a milites_fw-la as_o the_o best_a of_o your_o tenant_n in_o capitâ_n and_o so_o may_v very_o well_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o milites_fw-la in_o this_o charter_n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o say_v you_o to_o these_o follow_a word_n liberi_fw-la tenentâs_fw-la &_o omnâs_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la m._n these_o likewise_o 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i_o then_o prove_v to_o you_o from_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a that_o any_o freeman_n have_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v as_o much_o libere_fw-la tenens_fw-la a_o freeholder_n as_o the_o best_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n
out_o and_o which_o may_v also_o take_v in_o the_o representatives_n of_o city_n and_o town_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o by_o the_o barones_n here_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o since_o they_o together_o with_o the_o great_a lord_n make_v the_o chief_a figure_n in_o the_o government_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o he_o to_o over-flip_a the_o particular_a mention_n of_o other_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o comprehend_v they_o with_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n under_o the_o general_a phrase_n of_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v but_o i_o always_o think_v that_o the_o conciseness_n of_o historian_n be_v to_o be_v explain_v by_o our_o statute_n and_o record_n and_o not_o that_o their_o express_a word_n shall_v be_v interpret_v by_o the_o concise_a phrase_n and_o expression_n of_o historian_n and_o if_o by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v to_o 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sheriff_n of_o somersetshire_n though_o i_o confess_v these_o word_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la yet_o the_o dr._n have_v in_o his_o glossary_a conceal_a the_o word_n that_o follow_v which_o plain_o restrain_v they_o to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o under_a tenant_n by_o military_a service_n but_o if_o you_o please_v but_o to_o turn_v to_o the_o writ_n which_o he_o have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o appendix_n numb_a 14._o you_o will_v find_v first_o that_o this_o writ_n recite_v that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v grant_v the_o king_n a_o aid_n to_o two_o mark_n on_o every_o knights-fee_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la second_o that_o at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o all_o other_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la the_o sheriff_n shall_v distrain_v omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eye_v tenent_fw-la per_fw-la sârvitium_fw-la militare_fw-la who_o be_v likewise_o to_o pay_v the_o king_n the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o plain_o see_v that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o general_a tax_n grant_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o under_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v chargeable_a with_o it_o which_o if_o give_v with_o their_o consent_n must_v have_v be_v do_v in_o full_a parliament_n and_o in_o which_o they_o have_v representative_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n and_o if_o without_o their_o consent_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o law_n but_o you_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o this_o writ_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la be_v not_o at_o this_o time_n only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n 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which_o recite_v a_o extraordinary_a service_n and_o aid_n do_v by_o the_o prelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la lib_n re_fw-mi tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la now_o that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o service_n perform_v or_o a_o aid_n give_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o word_n subsidium_fw-la may_v teach_v you_o which_o be_v never_o grant_v otherwise_o then_o by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o parliament_n but_o let_v we_o first_o consider_v the_o substance_n of_o this_o record_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o the_o king_n declaration_n or_o a_o right_n to_o all_o his_o subject_n in_o general_a or_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o what_o they_o have_v late_o perform_v in_o articulo_fw-la necâssitatis_fw-la praedictae_fw-la non_fw-la sibi_fw-la cedat_fw-la in_o prajulicium_fw-la nâc_fw-la ad_fw-la posterum_fw-la traâatur_fw-la in_o consuerudimen_fw-la vel_fw-la consequentiam_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la bujus_fw-la modi_fw-la serviâium_fw-la compellentur_fw-la which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o record_n now_o see_v the_o cause_n why_o it_o be_v grant_v which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o another_o record_n of_o the_o same_o year_n dorso_fw-la and_o on_o the_o roll_n and_o to_o which_o this_o rcord_n you_o cite_v relate_v which_o be_v a_o general_a summons_n direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_a militibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o vniversae_fw-la communitati_fw-la comitatus_fw-la lincolniae_fw-la command_v they_o all_o even_o the_o citizen_n and_o townsman_n immediate_o to_o appear_v with_o such_o arm_n as_o be_v there_o express_v and_o be_v proper_a for_o each_o man_n estate_n and_o condition_n for_o the_o common_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n against_o stranger_n then_o ready_a to_o invade_v it_o and_o this_o record_n also_o say_v eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la scribitur_fw-la caeteris_fw-la vicecomitibus_a angliae_fw-la now_o since_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o writ_n of_o summons_n by_o which_o this_o service_n and_o aid_n be_v perform_v that_o not_o only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o can_v any_o body_n but_o one_o who_o will_v take_v thing_n by_o half_n suppose_v that_o by_o these_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la there_o mention_v and_o who_o must_v certain_o be_v the_o same_o party_n intend_v in_o the_o drs._n own_o record_n viz._n all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v be_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la take_v altogether_o when_o they_o have_v be_v according_a to_o our_o sense_n all_o particular_o name_v before_o but_o that_o by_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la can_v be_v here_o mean_v only_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la dorso_fw-la but_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v prove_v by_o another_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n iii_o and_o be_v the_o very_a writ_n i_o give_v you_o before_o wherein_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o the_o villani_n together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la have_v give_v a_o 30_o of_o their_o movable_n in_o consideration_n of_o which_o this_o writ_n conclude_v thus_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o vobis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la quod_fw-la tam_fw-la charta_fw-la nostra_fw-la de_fw-fr foresla_n quam_fw-la alia_fw-la charta_fw-la nostra_fw-la de_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la quas_fw-la eye_n &_o vobis_fw-la fieri_fw-la fecimus_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la teneantur_fw-la so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o by_o these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n unless_o you_o will_v allow_v none_o to_o have_v have_v any_o share_n in_o these_o charter_n or_o to_o have_v receive_v any_o benefit_n by_o they_o but_o the_o drs._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o which_o sure_o you_o
future_a parliament_n the_o word_n be_v ad_fw-la faciândum_fw-la quod_fw-la âunc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la ordinabitur_fw-la or_o the_o like_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n 155._o which_o the_o doctor_n have_v print_v whereas_o the_o word_n in_o this_o writ_n be_v ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n âiis_fw-la qua_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o proceres_fw-la âradicti_fw-la run_v duxerint_fw-la concordanda_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v do_v at_o the_o request_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v how_o come_v the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o hold_v also_o in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v omit_v and_o not_o mention_v in_o this_o writ_n to_o have_v join_v in_o this_o request_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n but_o as_o for_o the_o doctor_n next_o precedent_n viz._n a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northumberland_n to_o return_v two_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o then_o the_o next_o day_n after_o other_z two_o for_o the_o same_o county_n i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v that_o those_o writ_n be_v a_o summons_n to_o a_o parliament_n and_o not_o to_o a_o great_a council_n for_o beside_o the_o title_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v de_fw-fr militibus_fw-la eligendis_fw-la &_o miâtendis_fw-la ad_fw-la consilium_fw-la and_o the_o word_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o be_v common_o use_v in_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v '_o you_o in_o this_o writ_n of_o summons_n we_o be_v now_o upon_o whereas_o in_o the_o summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o the_o 23d_o of_o this_o king_n dorso_n the_o ordain_v part_n do_v as_o much_o refer_v to_o the_o commons_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la consist_v of_o both_o whereas_o in_o these_o writ_n you_o have_v cite_v they_o be_v to_o consent_v to_o such_o thing_n which_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o agree_v to_o but_o that_o i_o may_v show_v you_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o fancy_n of_o your_o doctor_n that_o these_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o summon_v the_o parliament_n sit_v pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o one_o or_o two_o question_n concern_v this_o business_n pray_v who_o be_v these_o gentleman_n that_o the_o king_n you_o say_v thus_o summon_v to_o parliament_n m._n according_a to_o the_o doctor_n account_n they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o tenant_n iâ_n capite_fw-la since_o he_o often_o tell_v we_o that_o out_o of_o these_o alone_a the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v choose_v at_o the_o first_o f._n well_o but_o than_o who_o be_v these_o magnate_v and_o alii_fw-la proceres_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n and_o in_o this_o writ_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edward_n i._o m._n i_o must_v own_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n certain_o to_o define_v who_o they_o be_v for_o if_o i_o say_v they_o be_v the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n from_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n immediate_o forego_v i_o foresee_v you_o will_v ask_v i_o how_o these_o gentleman_n can_v be_v summon_v since_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o this_o parliament_n already_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o think_v there_o be_v only_o some_o of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v no_o baron_n now_o summon_v and_o who_o the_o doctor_n tell_v we_o be_v often_o call_v to_o great_a council_n as_o baron_n peer_n and_o who_o though_o sometime_o call_v to_o sit_v among_o the_o lord_n be_v often_o again_o omit_v in_o several_a king_n reign_v so_o that_o this_o parliament_n be_v compose_v as_o those_o of_o marlbridg_n and_o gloucesâer_n not_o of_o all_o but_o only_o of_o the_o more_o discreet_a of_o these_o lesser_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n if_o this_o be_v all_o you_o have_v to_o say_v to_o extricate_v yourself_o out_o of_o this_o difficulty_n i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o much_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n all_o you_o have_v here_o say_v be_v mere_a conjecture_n without_o any_o proof_n since_o this_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 3d._n say_v only_o in_o general_n that_o it_o be_v make_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o magnate_v under_o which_o title_n your_o doctor_n 147._o when_o he_o explain_v the_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o arch._n bishop_n of_o canterbury_n tell_v we_o be_v frequent_o comprehend_v the_o barones_n majores_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o under_o minores_fw-la the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o when_o the_o statute_n of_o westmister_n the_o first_o be_v make_v he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o the_o land_n therein_o mention_v and_o why_o this_o parliament_n of_o westminster_n the_o 3_o d._n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o member_n now_o needs_o some_o better_a reason_n than_o your_o bare_a affirmation_n to_o the_o contrary_n beside_o this_o prerogative_n of_o call_v these_o baron_n peer_n to_o parliament_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o to_o other_o mesn_a tenant_n also_o if_o the_o king_n think_v they_o considerable_a enough_o for_o estate_n or_o wisdom_n to_o do_v they_o that_o honour_n and_o so_o be_v not_o confine_v to_o summon_v none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o according_a to_o your_o interpretation_n of_o k._n john_n charter_n have_v all_o a_o right_a to_o appear_v by_o general_n writ_n at_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o you_o may_v put_v what_o sense_n you_o please_v on_o these_o word_n magnate_v &_o proceres_fw-la yet_o i_o be_o sure_a your_o doctor_n can_v take_v they_o in_o no_o other_o sense_n than_o for_o the_o community_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a regni_n and_o so_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_a when_o he_o comment_n upon_o the_o writ_n of_o the_o 30_o edw._n 1._o which_o you_o now_o mention_v and_o which_o refer_v to_o this_o very_a parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o the_o when_o forty_o shilling_n be_v grant_v on_o every_o knight_n fee_n to_o marry_v the_o king_n daughter_n 33_o and_o there_o the_o doctor_n immediate_o tell_v we_o that_o such_o as_o pay_v that_o scutage_n be_v tota_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o no_o other_o and_o of_o these_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v and_o pay_v it_o first_o for_o themselves_o and_o tenant_n etc._n etc._n and_o which_o must_v certain_o relate_v to_o this_o very_a parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o edw._n 1._o or_o none_o at_o all_o m._n i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o the_o doctor_n can_v solve_v this_o difficulty_n but_o by_o deny_v what_o he_o have_v already_o say_v and_o affirm_v as_o i_o do_v now_o that_o all_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n but_o only_o some_o of_o they_o at_o last_o order_v by_o this_o writ_n to_o be_v choose_v and_o return_v by_o the_o county_n f._n yes_o he_o may_v do_v it_o if_o bare_a affirm_v be_v to_o pass_v for_o proof_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o give_v up_o my_o reason_n upon_o no_o better_a ground_n either_o to_o he_o or_o you_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o improbability_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v now_o over-persuade_v by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n to_o call_v these_o knight_n of_o sâires_n which_o have_v be_v now_o omit_v ever_o since_o the_o 49_o hen._n 3._o for_o above_o twenty_o yearâ_n when_o he_o have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o they_o but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a advantage_n of_o govern_v without_o they_o since_o it_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o prince_n rather_o to_o diminish_v than_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o member_n of_o their_o great_a at_o well_o as_o private_a council_n who_o certain_o be_v most_o easy_o manage_v when_o they_o be_v a_o few_o than_o a_o great_a many_o m._n but_o what_o if_o we_o shall_v go_v from_o the_o doctor_n position_n and_o say_v that_o perhaps_o these_o knight_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o mesn_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la many_o of_o who_o i_o grant_v may_v be_v considerable_a for_o interest_n as_o well_o as_o prudence_n and_o with_o who_o the_o king_n at_o their_o request_n may_v desire_v to_o treat_v of_o certain_a matter_n which_o have_v be_v before_o move_v and_o propound_v by_o he_o f._n this_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v and_o yet_o be_v much_o more_o unlikely_a than_o the_o other_o since_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v now_o grow_v so_o weary_a of_o their_o power_n of_o impose_v tax_n and_o make_a lawâ_n for_o the_o
of_o those_o who_o hold_v resistance_n in_o some_o case_n necessary_a of_o those_o that_o maintain_v our_o monarchy_n to_o have_v be_v limit_v by_o the_o very_a constitution_n itself_o &_o of_o those_o that_o suppose_v all_o our_o right_n and_o liberty_n ãâã_d the_o very_a be_v of_o parliament_n themselves_o to_o owe_v their_o original_a whole_o to_o the_o gracious_a concession_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o former_a king_n have_v make_v some_o impartial_a collection_n of_o this_o nature_n i_o show_v they_o to_o some_o friend_n who_o tell_v i_o they_o think_v they_o may_v prove_v of_o great_a use_n for_o the_o satisfy_n of_o some_o man_n doubt_n and_o scruple_n concern_v lawful_a obedience_n to_o the_o government_n of_o their_o present_a majesty_n as_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o best_a and_o most_o ingenious_a way_n of_o conviction_n to_o propose_v the_o argument_n fair_o on_o both_o side_n without_o interpose_v my_o own_o judgement_n but_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o intelligent_a and_o impartial_a reader_n to_o embrace_v that_o side_n on_o which_o he_o find_v the_o most_o rational_a and_o convince_a argument_n this_o task_n though_o troublesome_a enough_o i_o be_v prevail_v with_o to_o undertake_v not_o for_o fame_n sake_n since_o i_o do_v not_o desire_v to_o be_v know_v but_o mere_o for_o the_o puplick_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o my_o country_n but_o be_v also_o satisfy_v that_o a_o subject_a of_o this_o great_a important_a deserve_v more_o pain_n than_o what_o i_o have_v yet_o bestow_v upon_o it_o and_o to_o be_v handle_v in_o a_o more_o artificial_a method_n than_o the_o old_a dry_a scholastic_a way_n of_o objection_n and_o solution_n i_o therefore_o think_v that_o it_o will_v prove_v more_o pleasant_a as_o well_o as_o profitable_a for_o the_o reader_n especial_o those_o of_o our_o young_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n for_o who_o i_o principal_o design_v this_o undertake_n to_o digest_v all_o that_o i_o have_v write_v on_o these_o subject_n into_o so_o many_o distinct_a dialogue_n or_o conversation_n suppose_v to_o be_v hold_v between_o two_o intimate_a friend_n who_o notwithstanding_o their_o different_a principle_n and_o opinion_n in_o politic_n have_v always_o maintain_v a_o strict_a and_o generous_a correspondency_n but_o i_o be_v the_o more_o incline_v to_o this_o way_n of_o writing_n not_o only_o because_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o controversial_a matter_n write_v by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n according_a to_o the_o true_a rule_n thereof_o have_v very_o well_o obtain_v among_o all_o intelligent_a reader_n but_o also_o since_o the_o subject_n i_o treat_v of_o be_v of_o a_o nice_a nature_n and_o that_o the_o collection_n i_o have_v make_v contain_v strict_a inquiry_n into_o the_o principle_n and_o tenââs_n in_o the_o write_n of_o diverse_a person_n of_o reputation_n for_o learning_n and_o ingenuity_n i_o be_v sensible_a how_o invidicus_n a_o tââk_n it_o must_v be_v to_o write_v on_o purpose_n against_o so_o many_o great_a man_n as_o also_o how_o troublesome_a and_o âedious_a be_v will_v prove_v to_o myself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o reader_n to_o pursue_v and_o confute_v the_o opinion_n of_o any_o author_n page_n by_o page_n since_o it_o must_v be_v chief_o impute_v to_o that_o manner_n of_o manage_v of_o controversy_n that_o answer_v to_o book_n prove_v so_o unacceptable_a to_o the_o world_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o this_o way_n of_o writing_n have_v also_o its_o difficulty_n and_o objection_n as_o be_v more_o diffusive_a and_o so_o take_v up_o more_o time_n both_o to_o write_v and_o read_v discourse_n dialogue-wise_a where_o either_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o disputant_n ãâã_d often_o apt_a to_o rove_v from_o the_o subject_a yeâ_n i_o must_v also_o affirm_v that_o this_o may_v be_v in_o great_a part_n prevent_v by_o the_o writer_n who_o may_v if_o he_o pleaâââ_n take_v care_n to_o keep_v close_o to_o the_o question_n and_o not_o start_v afresh_o harâ_n ãâã_d the_o old_a one_o be_v run_v down_o and_o aâ_n for_o the_o diffusiveness_n of_o dialogue_n above_o polemical_a discourse_n that_o be_v no_o considerable_a objection_n since_o a_o man_n may_v either_o make_v or_o answer_v objection_n in_o almost_o as_o few_o word_n this_o way_n as_o the_o other_o and_o tho'_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o matter_n of_o âeen_n form_n in_o dialogue_n the_o more_o tedious_a yet_o the_o reader_n as_o well_o as_o traveller_n will_v find_v that_o the_o ãâã_d of_o the_o road_n often_o ãâ¦ã_z for_o its_o ãâã_d somewhat_o ãâã_d but_o whether_o i_o have_v true_o put_v ãâã_d the_o rule_n of_o dialogue_n in_o that_o ãâã_d the_o ââsuing_a discourse_n i_o intend_v to_o publish_v on_o these_o subject_n tiââst_a ãâã_d to_o the_o reader_n judgement_n but_o this_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o i_o have_v carefu_o avoid_v all_o bitter_a &_o reflect_v language_n on_o either_o side_n since_o i_o design_v these_o discourse_n for_o common_a place_n of_o arâgiâââântââ_n noâ_n form_n of_o ãâã_d and_o i_o have_v also_o decline_v show_v myself_o a_o party_n or_o give_v my_o own_o opinion_n in_o any_o question_n propose_v and_o therefore_o i_o have_v ãâ¦ã_z either_o ãâã_d my_o disputant_n convert_v each_o other_o to_o his_o own_o opinion_n since_o i_o know_v nothing_o be_v more_o easy_a in_o write_v of_o dialogue_n well_o as_o romance_n than_o to_o make_v the_o knight_n efrane_n always_o beat_v the_o giant_n but_o it_o be_v fit_a i_o give_v you_o some_o account_n of_o this_o present_a discourse_n as_o also_o of_o the_o rest_n that_o may_v follow_v it_o this_o first_o dialogue_n than_o ãâã_d chief_o on_o this_o ãâã_d whether_o any_o particular_a species_n of_o government_n be_v of_o divine_a right_n or_o institutionâ_n â_z the_o next_o shall_v be_v whether_o there_o can_v be_v make_v out_o from_o the_o natural_a or_o reveal_v law_n of_o god_n any_o succession_n to_o crown_n by_o divine_a right_n the_o three_o and_o four_o whether_o passive_a obedience_n as_o it_o be_v call_v or_o a_o absolute_a nonresistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o also_o whether_o this_o have_v always_o be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o reform_a church_n of_o england_n the_o five_o concern_v the_o original_a of_o civil_a authority_n in_o what_o sense_n it_o be_v derive_v from_o god_n and_o in_o what_o form_n the_o people_n and_o whether_o their_o consent_n be_v always_o necessary_a to_o make_v any_o government_n to_o be_v obey_v for_o conscience_n sake_n the_o six_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o original_a and_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o absolute_a or_o limit_a monarchy_n in_o its_o first_o institution_n and_o whether_o the_o king_n be_v and_o have_v be_v the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o seven_o whether_o the_o parliament_n or_o great_a counsel_n owe_v its_o original_a to_o the_o mere_a grace_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o as_o ancient_a as_o the_o constitution_n itself_o the_o eight_o and_o last_o whether_o our_o late_a revolution_n and_o the_o convention_n and_o present_a parliament_n declaration_n and_o recognition_n of_o their_o present_a majesty_n k._n william_n and_o q._n marry_o be_v not_o legal_a and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o fundamental_a government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o consequent_o whether_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n may_v not_o be_v take_v to_o they_o not_o only_o as_o king_n and_o q._n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la but_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la in_o all_o which_o discourse_n i_o have_v consider_v and_o contract_v the_o best_a argument_n that_o i_o can_v find_v make_v use_n of_o by_o the_o most_o considerable_a both_o ancient_n and_o modern_a author_n either_o in_o latin_a or_o english_a especial_o the_o pamphlet_n that_o have_v be_v write_v on_o either_o side_n since_o the_o late_a revolution_n but_o as_o for_o those_o in_o our_o own_o language_n whenever_o any_o author_n speak_v so_o well_o and_o argue_v so_o close_o that_o to_o put_v it_o into_o other_o word_n will_v make_v it_o worse_o i_o have_v still_o put_v the_o argument_n of_o either_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o disputant_n in_o his_o own_o word_n tho'_o because_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v guilty_a of_o plagiary_n i_o have_v true_o quote_v the_o book_n and_o page_n from_o whence_o i_o take_v it_o and_o i_o hope_v no_o author_n will_v take_v it_o ill_o if_o i_o have_v make_v bold_a sometime_o to_o contract_v their_o argument_n without_o alter_v their_o sense_n or_o word_n far_o than_o by_o put_v in_o or_o out_o a_o word_n or_o expression_n to_o make_v the_o style_n run_v the_o more_o smooth_o and_o i_o desire_v they_o will_v not_o think_v i_o write_v on_o purpose_n to_o confute_v they_o since_o i_o free_o declare_v my_o design_n be_v not_o to_o
you_o have_v now_o quote_v out_o of_o genesis_n thy_o desire_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o thy_o husband_n and_o he_o shall_v rule_v over_o thou_o be_v not_o fair_o cite_v for_o as_o for_o the_o marginal_a addition_n viz._n subject_a to_o thy_o husband_n it_o be_v not_o warrant_v from_o the_o hâbrew_n original_a or_o version_n of_o the_o lxx_o the_o hebrew_n have_v no_o more_o than_o thy_o desire_n shall_v be_v to_o thy_o husband_n which_o the_o lxx_o render_v i_o e._n the_o conversion_n or_o inclination_n of_o the_o desire_n by_o which_o some_o interpreter_n understand_v no_o more_o than_o the_o carnal_a appetite_n so_o likewise_o from_o the_o word_n rule_n over_o thou_o they_o likewise_o observe_v that_o moses_n make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o hebrew_n word_n when_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n rule_v the_o day_n and_o night_n though_o they_o do_v not_o do_v it_o by_o any_o violence_n or_o corporeal_a force_n so_o likewise_o by_o this_o rule_n of_o the_o husband_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v any_o absolute_a despotic_a power_n whereby_o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o dispose_v of_o the_o person_n and_o action_n of_o his_o wife_n in_o all_o thing_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o that_o she_o may_v in_o many_o case_n refuse_v nay_o control_n his_o command_n and_o resist_v his_o action_n in_o case_n they_o prove_v unlawful_a or_o destructive_a to_o herself_o and_o child_n but_o that_o this_o argument_n of_o st._n paul_n of_o the_o husband_n superiority_n over_o his_o wife_n be_v not_o grant_v to_o adam_n alone_o but_o equal_o extend_v to_o all_o husband_n whatsoever_o appear_v from_o the_o very_a text_n itself_o or_o otherwise_o sy_n paul_n have_v argue_v very_o impertinent_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o all_o wife_n and_o if_o so_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o every_o one_o of_o adam_n son_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o take_v a_o wife_n have_v the_o like_a authority_n over_o she_o as_o adam_n have_v over_o their_o mother_n and_o if_o over_o their_o wife_n then_o by_o your_o maxim_n of_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrein_fw-la &_o quicquid_fw-la eâ_n i_o &_o uxore_fw-la mea_fw-la nascitur_fw-la in_fw-la potestate_fw-la mea_fw-la est_fw-la all_o the_o son_n of_o adam_n must_v have_v have_v the_o same_o power_n over_o their_o child_n as_o their_o father_n have_v over_o they_o so_o that_o the_o same_o consequence_n will_v still_o follow_v from_o thesis_n place_n of_o scripture_n and_o also_o from_o you_o civil_a law_n maxim_n that_o either_o adam_n have_v no_o civil_a or_o despotic_a power_n over_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n or_o else_o if_o he_o have_v that_o every_o one_o of_o his_o son_n when_o marry_v a_o separate_v from_o his_o father_n family_n have_v the_o same_o and_o consequent_o there_o be_v as_o many_o prince_n as_o distinct_a master_n of_o family_n and_o then_o what_o will_v become_v of_o adam_n monarchy_n i_o give_v you_o leave_v to_o judge_n m._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o your_o answer_n to_o my_o last_o argument_n for_o i_o be_o still_o of_o opinion_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v say_v that_o eve_n be_v to_o yield_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n to_o her_o husband_n from_o that_o place_n already_o cite_v that_o her_o viz._n eve_n desire_v i._n e._n will_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o her_o husband_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o you_o answer_v that_o this_o subjection_n of_o eve_n to_o adam_n be_v not_o the_o same_o which_o son_n owe_v their_o father_n or_o slave_n to_o their_o lord_n and_o that_o eve_n owe_v adam_n not_o a_o filial_a or_o servile_a but_o a_o conjugal_a subjection_n for_o i_o will_v âain_o know_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n 28._o between_o one_o and_o the_o other_o for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o compare_v that_o place_n of_o genesiis_fw-la i_o but_o now_o quote_v with_o that_o other_o where_o god_n give_v cain_n power_n over_o abel_n his_o young_a brother_n you_o will_v find_v they_o the_o same_o in_o word_n as_o also_o in_o sense_n for_o in_o this_o god_n likewise_o tell_v cain_n that_o unto_o thou_o shall_v his_o desire_n be_v subject_a and_o thou_o shall_v rule_v over_o he_o 4.7_o and_o âure_n god_n can_v not_o intend_v by_o these_o word_n that_o abel_n shall_v yield_v a_o conjugal_a but_o a_o filial_a subjection_n to_o his_o elder_a brother_n and_o these_o word_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o two_o sense_n but_o must_v be_v understand_v a_o like_a in_o both_o place_n i._n e._n that_o the_o desire_n which_o be_v a_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o that_o the_o most_o active_a too_o be_v to_o be_v subject_n and_o the_o body_n and_o all_o the_o power_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v overrule_v by_o he_o which_o be_v as_o full_a and_o absolute_a a_o subjection_n as_o can_v be_v express_v in_o word_n and_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o these_o word_n be_v not_o speak_v till_o after_o the_o fall_n and_o thence_o seem_v to_o infer_v that_o eve_n do_v not_o owe_v adam_n so_o much_o as_o a_o conjugal_a subjection_n before_o that_o st._n paul_n have_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o already_o which_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o repeat_v and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o think_v your_o distinction_n of_o a_o conjugal_a subjection_n different_a from_o a_o filial_a or_o servile_a one_o will_v signify_v nothing_o f._n i_o doubt_v not_o sir_n but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v good_a this_o distinction_n of_o a_o servile_a and_o a_o filial_a obedience_n and_o in_o order_n to_o it_o shall_v reply_v to_o the_o consequence_n you_o have_v make_v for_o eve_n absolute_a subjection_n to_o adam_n from_o the_o like_a expression_n use_v by_o god_n to_o cain_n concern_v his_o rule_n over_o his_o brother_n abel_n as_o be_v use_v here_o to_o eve_n concern_v her_o subjection_n to_o her_o husband_n and_o that_o because_o the_o subjection_n of_o abel_n be_v absolute_a that_o therefore_o her_o subjection_n must_v be_v so_o too_o i_o must_v crave_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o deny_v your_o assumption_n for_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o neither_o abel_n nor_o any_o other_o young_a brother_n be_v or_o be_v oblige_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o text_n to_o yield_v a_o absolute_a obedience_n to_o his_o elder_a brother_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o that_o he_o be_v therefore_o his_o lord_n and_o master_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o absurdity_n but_o that_o the_o same_o word_n may_v be_v speak_v to_o several_a person_n yet_o in_o different_a sense_n which_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v speak_v may_v have_v different_a effect_n as_o here_o these_o word_n when_o speak_v to_o eve_n enjoin_v a_o conjugal_a submission_n of_o eve_n will_n to_o adam_n as_o her_o husband_n but_o when_o speak_v to_o abel_n they_o may_v signify_v a_o fraternal_a submission_n of_o abel_n will_n to_o cain_n as_o the_o elder_a and_o perhaps_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o two_o but_o without_o give_v any_o absolute_a or_o despotic_a power_n over_o either_o m._n i_o can_v be_v yet_o satisfy_v with_o your_o reply_n for_o methinks_v this_o be_v but_o to_o play_v the_o fool_n and_o trifle_n with_o god_n word_n when_o he_o tell_v cain_n thy_o brother_n desire_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o thou_o that_o be_v say_v you_o thou_o shall_v rule_v over_o he_o only_o as_o far_o as_o he_o think_v sir_n or_o if_o thou_o have_v the_o knack_n to_o wheedle_n or_o persuade_v he_o be_v not_o this_o a_o mighty_a matter_n for_o god_n almighty_a to_o appear_v to_o cain_n about_o a_o excellent_a and_o rational_a way_n to_o appease_v his_o wrath_n towards_o his_o brother_n whereas_o god_n here_o plain_o enjoin_v a_o subjection_n from_o abel_n to_o his_o elder_a brother_n and_o if_o so_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o word_n a_o like_a subjection_n of_o eve_n to_o adam_n and_o then_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o as_o the_o stream_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o fountain_n the_o subjection_n of_o all_o her_o posterity_n will_v likewise_o be_v include_v in_o she_o which_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v already_o have_v you_o not_o mistake_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o those_o two_o maximâ_n i_o lay_v down_o for_o first_o if_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la vontrem_fw-la and_o the_o mother_n be_v a_o subject_a as_o eve_n be_v all_o her_o posterity_n must_v be_v so_o to_o all_o generation_n and_o if_o quicquid_fw-la ex_fw-la i_n &_o uxore_fw-la mea_fw-la nascitur_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la mea_fw-la est_fw-la be_v true_a than_o adam_n grandchild_n and_o great-grand-children_n derive_v themselves_o from_o he_o and_o eve_n must_v be_v likewise_o under_o adam_n power_n nor_o caâ_n i_o see_v how_o his_o son_n or_o grandchild_n by_o set_v up_o separate_a family_n can_v ever_o discharge_v themselves_o from_o this_o absolute_a
subjection_n to_o adam_n since_o they_o can_v never_o have_v quit_v his_o family_n without_o his_o consent_n and_o when_o they_o do_v quit_v it_o unless_o he_o please_v to_o manumit_v they_o they_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v still_o as_o much_o subject_a as_o they_o be_v before_o since_o i_o do_v not_o see_v if_o they_o be_v once_o subject_n to_o he_o how_o any_o thing_n but_o his_o express_a will_n and_o consent_n can_v ever_o discharge_v they_o from_o it_o nor_o be_v that_o authority_n which_o every_o one_o of_o these_o son_n of_o adam_n may_v exercise_v over_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n though_o they_o be_v not_o free_v from_o the_o power_n of_o their_o father_n any_o more_o inconsistent_a with_o that_o subjection_n and_o obedience_n they_o owe_v he_o as_o their_o prince_n than_o in_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n the_o power_n of_o father_n and_o husband_n over_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o well-ordering_a and_o govern_v their_o family_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o that_o supreme_a predominant_a power_n which_o the_o monarch_n have_v over_o the_o father_n himself_o and_o all_o his_o family_n or_o than_o the_o power_n of_o a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o barbadoes_n over_o his_o slave_n that_o be_v marry_v and_o have_v child_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o that_o marital_a and_o paternal_a power_n which_o such_o a_o slave_n may_v exercise_v over_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n within_o his_o own_o family_n though_o still_o subordinate_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o master_n who_o may_v forbid_v any_o such_o slave_n or_o their_o child_n to_o marry_v but_o where_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n they_o shall_v and_o may_v likewise_o hinder_v they_o from_o correct_v or_o put_v to_o death_n their_o wife_n and_o child_n without_o his_o consent_n though_o such_o subject_n in_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n or_o slave_n in_o a_o plantation_n can_v have_v or_o enjoy_v any_o property_n in_o land_n or_o good_n but_o at_o the_o monarch_n or_o master_n will_n and_o so_o likewise_o at_o first_o none_o of_o these_o son_n of_o adam_n though_o they_o set_v up_o distinct_a family_n from_o their_o father_n can_v enjoy_v or_o enclose_v any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n without_o his_o grant_n or_o assignment_n to_o who_o the_o whole_a be_v give_v by_o god_n before_o it_o seem_v likewise_o to_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n when_o you_o at_o first_o affirm_v that_o all_o civil_a government_n be_v ordain_v by_o god_n for_o the_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o subject_n rather_o than_o the_o governor_n whereas_o from_o the_o first_o and_o most_o natural_a government_n it_o appear_v that_o child_n who_o be_v the_o subject_n be_v ordain_v as_o much_o for_o the_o benefit_n and_o help_v of_o their_o parent_n who_o be_v the_o first_o monarch_n as_o their_o parent_n for_o they_o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n 244._o first_o that_o from_o gen._n 3._o v._n 6._o already_o cite_v we_o have_v the_o original_a charter_n of_o government_n and_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o civil_a power_n derive_v from_o adam_n as_o the_o father_n of_o all_o mankind_n so_o that_o not_o only_o the_o constitution_n of_o power_n in_o general_n but_o the_o special_a limitation_n of_o it_o to_o one_o kind_n viz._n monarchy_n and_o the_o determination_n of_o it_o to_o the_o individual_a person_n of_o adam_n be_v all_o ordinance_n of_o god_n neither_o have_v eve_n or_o her_o child_n any_o right_n to_o limit_n adam'â_n power_n or_o join_v themselves_o with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n now_o if_o this_o supreme_a power_n be_v settle_v and_o sound_v by_o god_n himself_o in_o fatherhood_n how_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o the_o people_n to_o have_v any_o right_a to_o alter_v or_o dispose_v of_o it_o otherwise_o it_o be_v god_n ordinance_n that_o this_o supremacy_n shall_v be_v unlimited_a in_o adam_n and_o as_o large_a as_o any_o act_n of_o his_o will._n so_o that_o he_o be_v not_o only_o a_o father_n but_o a_o king_n and_o absolute_a lord_n over_o his_o family_n a_o son_n a_o subject_a and_o a_o servant_n or_o slave_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o first_o the_o father_n have_v power_n to_o dispose_v of_o or_o sell_v his_o child_n or_o servant_n at_o his_o pleasure_n a._n and_o though_o perhaps_o he_o may_v deal_v too_o severe_o or_o cruel_o in_o so_o do_v yet_o there_o be_v none_o above_o he_o except_o god_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n who_o can_v call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n much_o less_o resist_v or_o punish_v he_o for_o so_o do_v f._n you_o have_v sir_n make_v a_o very_a long_a speech_n upon_o the_o monarchical_a power_n of_o adam_n which_o you_o have_v make_v of_o so_o large_a a_o extent_n that_o this_o imaginary_a kingship_n will_v swallow_v up_o all_o the_o other_o more_o dear_a and_o tender_a relation_n both_o of_o a_o husband_n and_o of_o a_o father_n so_o that_o be_v i_o not_o satisfy_v you_o be_v a_o very_a good_a nature_a man_n and_o speak_v more_o the_o sense_n of_o other_o than_o from_o your_o own_o natural_a inclination_n i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o believe_v that_o if_o you_o have_v sufficient_a power_n you_o will_v prove_v as_o great_a a_o tyrant_n over_o your_o wife_n child_n and_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v under_o your_o command_n as_o such_o arbitrary_a tenet_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v but_o since_o i_o hope_v your_o error_n lie_v rather_o in_o your_o understanding_n than_o in_o your_o natureâ_n i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o show_v you_o the_o mistake_v you_o have_v commit_v in_o those_o principle_n you_o here_o lie_v down_o i_o may_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o place_n of_o scripture_n you_o far_o insist_v upon_o for_o eve_n absolute_a subjection_n to_o adam_n from_o the_o like_a expression_n use_v by_o god_n to_o cain_n concern_v his_o rule_n over_o his_o brother_n abel_n as_o be_v use_v here_o to_o eve_n and_o though_o you_o be_v please_v to_o think_v my_o exposition_n of_o this_o place_n so_o ridiculous_a yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o this_o pretend_a divine_a author_n of_o elder_a brother_n over_o this_o young_a that_o this_o place_n can_v be_v understand_v in_o any_o such_o sense_n according_a to_o the_o best_a interpretation_n that_o both_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o the_o sense_n the_o best_a commentator_n put_v upon_o it_o can_v allow_v but_o i_o shall_v defer_v this_o till_o we_o come_v to_o discourse_v concern_v the_o successor_n of_o adam_n in_o this_o monarchical_a power_n you_o suppose_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a pursue_v that_o absolute_a power_n which_o you_o suppose_v adam_n to_o have_v have_v not_o only_o over_o eve_n but_o all_o her_o descendant_n so_o that_o your_o argument_n of_o eve_n and_o consequent_o all_o her_o child_n absolute_a subjection_n to_o adam_n depend_v upon_o a_o very_a false_a supposition_n for_o if_o the_o subjection_n of_o eve_n to_o adam_n and_o of_o all_o wife_n to_o their_o husband_n be_v not_o servile_a or_o absolute_a neither_o can_v that_o of_o the_o child_n be_v so_o since_o according_a to_o your_o own_o simile_n if_o the_o stream_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n of_o the_o fountain_n they_o can_v never_o rise_v high_o than_o it_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v adam_n may_v in_o some_o case_n have_v put_v his_o wife_n or_o child_n to_o death_n for_o any_o enormous_a crime_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o i_o allow_v he_o that_o power_n not_o as_o a_o husband_n or_o father_n but_o only_o as_o a_o lord_n or_o master_n of_o a_o separate_a family_n who_o have_v no_o superior_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v endue_v by_o god_n with_o this_o prerogative_n for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o family_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n lest_o such_o horrid_a crime_n so_o much_o to_o its_o prejudice_n shall_v pass_v unpunished_a but_o that_o the_o husband_n or_o father_n do_v not_o act_v thus_o in_o either_o of_o these_o two_o capacity_n i_o can_v easy_o prove_v first_o because_o the_o scripture_n tell_v we_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v one_o flesh_n 30._o and_o that_o no_o man_n ever_o yet_o hate_v his_o own_o flesh_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o husband_n to_o put_v his_o wife_n to_o death_n till_o by_o the_o greatness_n of_o her_o crime_n she_o become_v no_o long_o worthy_a of_o that_o tender_a affection_n he_o ought_v to_o bear_v she_o then_o as_o to_o the_o father_n he_o as_o a_o father_n ought_v not_o to_o desire_v to_o put_v his_o son_n to_o death_n who_o be_v he_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o and_o who_o be_v principal_o make_v out_o of_o his_o own_o substance_n and_o on_o who_o he_o have_v bestow_v nourishment_n and_o education_n for_o
of_o this_o divine_a power_n of_o adam_n but_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o parent_n can_v never_o signify_v heir_n male_a or_o female_a much_o less_o a_o child_n who_o may_v sometime_o according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n happen_v to_o be_v heir_n but_o since_o i_o be_o get_v into_o this_o mistake_n i_o shall_v not_o leave_v my_o hold_n but_o shall_v make_v bold_a a_o little_a to_o argue_v our_o great_a grand_a mother_n title_n for_o indeed_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o her_o elder_a son_n for_o example_n shall_v have_v any_o right_a to_o govern_v his_o mother_n and_o all_o his_o brother_n and_o sister_n whilst_o she_o be_v alive_a for_o first_o if_o your_o argument_n from_o generation_n must_v be_v good_a that_o every_o man_n that_o be_v bear_v become_v a_o subject_n to_o he_o that_o beget_v he_o this_o argument_n will_v serve_v for_o eve_n as_o well_o as_o adam_n since_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o mother_n have_v as_o great_a if_o not_o a_o great_a share_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o child_n than_o the_o father_n or_o second_o if_o you_o insist_v upon_o the_o divine_a grant_v you_o so_o much_o ââlked_v of_o last_o time_n of_o adam_n dominion_n over_o the_o creature_n in_o which_o his_o child_n be_v include_v i_o then_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o this_o grant_n be_v make_v as_o well_o to_o eve_n as_o adam_n and_o consequent_o thâ_n either_o she_o must_v have_v thereby_o a_o equal_a right_n with_o he_o or_o at_o least_o after_o his_o decease_n to_o this_o dominion_n as_o a_o husband_n and_o wife_n when_o joint_a purchaser_n have_v to_o a_o estate_n at_o common_a law_n and_o last_o if_o the_o commandment_n of_o honour_n thy_o father_n and_o thy_o mother_n be_v then_o in_o force_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o express_a command_n from_o god_n and_o that_o by_o honour_v obey_v must_v be_v mean_v as_o most_o commentator_n agree_v than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o after_o adam_n decease_n all_o eve_n son_n and_o descendant_n though_o never_o so_o remoâe_a be_v to_o have_v obey_v or_o be_v subject_n to_o she_o and_o not_o to_o her_o elder_a son_n unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o the_o salic_a law_n against_o the_o succession_n of_o woman_n be_v make_v by_o adam_n the_o first_o monarch_n which_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o prove_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o do_v not_o consider_v this_o difficulty_n for_o indeed_o it_o may_v never_o have_v happen_v since_o eve_n may_v have_v die_v before_o adam_n or_o if_o she_o do_v outlive_v he_o which_o be_v uncertain_a yet_o she_o be_v then_o very_o old_a and_o consequent_o beside_o the_o natural_a weakness_n of_o her_o sex_n uncapable_a or_o unfit_a for_o government_n and_o so_o may_v very_o well_o leave_v it_o to_o seth_n since_o cain_n the_o elder_a have_v by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n and_o his_o fly_v away_o into_o another_o country_n forfeit_v his_o birthright_n and_o make_v himself_o uncapable_a of_o the_o succession_n f._n so_o then_o here_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n and_o a_o abdication_n of_o this_o divine_a right_n of_o succession_n in_o the_o very_a first_o descent_n whereas_o indeed_o i_o suppose_v that_o this_o divine_a right_o have_v be_v at_o least_o as_o unforfeitable_a as_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o very_a descent_n of_o which_o as_o our_o lawyer_n tell_v we_o purge_v all_o defect_n in_o the_o next_o heir_n though_o he_o have_v murder_v his_o father_n and_o elder_a brother_n too_o but_o i_o only_o show_v you_o the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o notion_n and_o shall_v not_o long_o insist_v upon_o it_o therefore_o pray_v procee_v m._n i_o can_v tell_v what_o may_v have_v be_v say_v if_o cain_n have_v come_v to_o claim_v his_o birthright_a but_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o neither_o do_v or_o can_v come_v to_o do_v it_o since_o god_n condemn_v he_o to_o live_v in_o a_o strange_a country_n far_o from_o his_o brethren_n 17._o and_o we_o read_v that_o cain_n go_v out_o from_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o land_n of_o nod_n on_o the_o east_n of_o eden_n and_o he_o build_v a_o city_n and_o call_v the_o name_n of_o it_o enoch_n after_o the_o name_n of_o his_o son_n enoch_n and_o there_o be_v four_o descent_n set_v down_o immediate_o of_o his_o family_n which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o prince_n of_o that_o city_n of_o cain_n race_n so_o that_o you_o see_v even_o in_o cain_n line_n the_o principality_n descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n f._n i_o confess_v cain_n child_n and_o grandchild_n be_v particular_o set_v down_o in_o scripture_n but_o that_o they_o be_v prince_n or_o monarch_n over_o their_o posterity_n or_o which_o way_n this_o city_n be_v govern_v after_o cain_n death_n whether_o by_o one_o or_o by_o all_o the_o son_n of_o cain_n be_v no_o where_o mention_v but_o i_o see_v some_o man_n can_v find_v even_o absolute_a monarchy_n in_o a_o text_n where_o the_o scripture_n mention_n no_o such_o thing_n and_o no_o wonder_n for_o the_o alchemist_n have_v find_v out_o likewise_o the_o invention_n of_o their_o elixir_n or_o philosopher_n stone_n in_o such_o text_n as_o you_o or_o i_o can_v see_v no_o such_o thing_n but_o to_o be_v more_o serious_a that_o a_o father_n shall_v be_v lord_n over_o his_o child_n and_o posterity_n i_o confess_v there_o may_v be_v some_o colour_n of_o reason_n though_o none_o cogent_a enough_o to_o make_v it_o out_o but_o that_o a_o elder_a brother_n have_v any_o natural_a or_o divine_a right_n to_o be_v lord_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n i_o can_v find_v no_o ground_n for_o in_o reason_n even_o upon_o your_o own_o principle_n for_o if_o every_o man_n by_o his_o birth_n become_v the_o subject_n of_o he_o that_o beget_v he_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o a_o man_n by_o his_o birth_n can_v become_v a_o subject_n to_o his_o brother_n who_o sure_a do_v not_o beget_v he_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v still_o insist_v upon_o that_o place_n in_o the_o four_o of_o genesis_n which_o you_o cite_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n when_o god_n tell_v cain_n speak_v as_o you_o suppose_v of_o his_o brother_n abel_n his_o desire_n shall_v be_v subject_a unto_o thou_o and_o thou_o shall_v rule_v over_o he_o from_o which_o word_n i_o then_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n of_o abel_n and_o of_o all_o young_a brother_n whatsoever_o can_v not_o reasonable_o be_v infer_v for_o you_o may_v remember_v i_o show_v you_o that_o this_o promise_n by_o god_n to_o cain_n concern_v abel_n may_v be_v only_o personal_a and_o relate_v to_o abel_n only_o and_o not_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n much_o less_o all_o other_o young_a brother_n that_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o world_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n this_o rule_v may_v only_o have_v be_v by_o advice_n and_o persuasion_n and_o not_o by_o any_o authority_n or_o right_n of_o command_v he_o so_o that_o if_o this_o be_v the_o place_n as_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v from_o whence_o you_o will_v deduce_v your_o divine_a right_n of_o elder_a brother_n be_v monarch_n over_o the_o young_a in_o all_o hereditary_a monarchy_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o think_v it_o a_o very_a bold_a undertake_n to_o found_v a_o divine_a right_n upon_o such_o doubtful_a expression_n as_o these_o of_o god_n to_o cain_n m._n i_o confess_v i_o be_v now_o about_o again_o to_o urge_v this_o place_n to_o you_o for_o as_o i_o be_v not_o then_o well_o satisfy_v with_o your_o explanation_n of_o it_o which_o you_o now_o again_o repeat_v so_o upon_o second_o thought_n i_o be_o much_o more_o unsatisfied_a with_o your_o paraphrase_n upon_o they_o for_o you_o seem_v to_o i_o plain_o to_o pervert_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n 64._o and_o make_v they_o signify_v just_a nothing_o for_o sure_a when_o god_n speak_v the_o same_o word_n to_o eve_n concern_v adam_n as_o he_o do_v to_o cain_n concern_v abel_n can_v you_o conceive_v they_o be_v mean_v personal_o to_o eve_n only_o and_o concern_v no_o other_o wife_n that_o shall_v be_v after_o she_o or_o can_v you_o assign_v any_o reason_n why_o these_o word_n shall_v be_v rather_o mean_v personal_o in_o the_o last_o and_o not_o in_o the_o first_o case_n unless_o you_o will_v do_v it_o out_o of_o pure_a love_n to_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n and_o if_o you_o say_v these_o word_n do_v not_o signify_v any_o despotic_a power_n but_o a_o ruling_n or_o govern_v by_o fair_a mean_n or_o persuasion_n this_o seem_v mere_a trifle_n with_o god_n word_n who_o say_v express_o thy_o brother_n desire_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o thou_o that_o be_v say_v you_o as_o far_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o thou_o shall_v rule_v over_o he_o that_o be_v if_o
thou_o have_v the_o knack_n to_o wheadle_n or_o persuade_v he_o will_v not_o this_o have_v be_v a_o mighty_a matter_n for_o god_n almighty_a to_o have_v appear_v to_o cain_n about_o and_o a_o excellent_a argument_n to_o comfort_v he_o 7._o and_o to_o appease_v his_o wrath_n against_o his_o brother_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v apparent_a by_o this_o law_n give_v by_o god_n to_o cain_n and_o abel_n that_o this_o regal_a and_o paternal_a authority_n be_v not_o to_o die_v with_o he_o nor_o âo_o be_v equal_o divide_v among_o all_o his_o child_n at_o his_o death_n or_o that_o from_o thenceforth_o no_o man_n shall_v have_v a_o right_n by_o birth_n of_o command_v another_o for_o this_o command_n to_o abel_n can_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o take_v place_n in_o the_o life_n of_o adam_n for_o then_o adam_n be_v lord_n over_o all_o his_o child_n and_o so_o none_o of_o they_o without_o his_o permission_n can_v rule_v over_o the_o rest_n and_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o by_o adam_n appointment_n than_o adam_n be_v the_o sovereign_n still_o and_o the_o son_n or_o grandson_n so_o exercise_v this_o power_n be_v but_o his_o deputy_n but_o after_o adam_n decease_n than_o it_o become_v a_o real_a sovereignty_n in_o his_o elder_a son_n as_o have_v none_o but_o god_n superior_a to_o it_o f._n i_o hope_v you_o will_v judge_v more_o charitable_o of_o i_o than_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o sense_n that_o i_o have_v put_v upon_o these_o word_n though_o different_a from_o you_o be_v out_o of_o any_o love_n of_o anarchy_n or_o confusion_n much_o less_o out_o of_o any_o design_n to_o pervert_v or_o wrest_v this_o place_n of_o scripture_n and_o if_o i_o shall_v be_v so_o severe_a as_o you_o be_v perhaps_o i_o may_v with_o more_o reason_n lie_v this_o charge_n at_o your_o door_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o your_o argument_n that_o these_o word_n can_v not_o be_v mean_v personal_o or_o concern_v abel_n only_o because_o the_o same_o word_n when_o speak_v of_o eve_n do_v likewise_o concern_v her_o posterity_n and_o therefore_o when_o speak_v concern_v abel_n they_o must_v likewise_o relate_v to_o all_o young_a brother_n in_o hereditary_a monarchy_n which_o consequence_n i_o may_v with_o very_o good_a reason_n deny_v for_o whatsoever_o subjection_n may_v be_v due_a by_o virtue_n of_o the_o like_a word_n from_o eve_n and_o her_o posterity_n to_o adam_n and_o all_o other_o husband_n be_v to_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v enjoin_v because_o all_o woman_n be_v descend_v from_o eve_n and_o so_o be_v represent_v by_o she_o as_o their_o first_o parent_n thus_o st._n paul_n suppose_v all_o man_n to_o be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o sin_n and_o death_n 12._o as_o represent_v by_o adam_n their_o ancestor_n by_o who_o disobedience_n all_o have_v sin_v but_o no_o man_n will_v affirm_v that_o all_o the_o elder_a brother_n or_o monarch_n in_o the_o world_n be_v represent_v by_o cain_n and_o all_o young_a brother_n by_o abel_n no_o man_n at_o this_o day_n be_v as_o appear_v in_o scripture_n descend_v from_o either_o of_o they_o and_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o better_a to_o strengthen_v your_o notion_n you_o again_o foist_v in_o out_o of_o the_o margin_n of_o our_o english_a bible_n his_o desire_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o thou_o whereas_o in_o the_o hebrew_n it_n be_v no_o more_o than_o his_o or_o its_o desire_n shall_v be_v to_o thou_o and_o that_o the_o word_n rule_v over_o be_v to_o be_v interpret_v according_a to_o the_o subject_n and_o do_v not_o always_o mean_v a_o rule_n by_o force_n or_o command_n appear_v by_o the_o same_o hebrew_n word_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n concern_v the_o two_o great_a light_n that_o god_n set_v in_o the_o firmament_n 18._o to_o give_v light_n upon_o the_o earth_n to_o rule_v over_o the_o day_n and_o over_o the_o night_n which_o can_v signify_v a_o rule_n by_o force_n or_o command_v but_o only_o by_o a_o natural_a influence_n or_o pre-eminence_n of_o the_o sun_n 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revenge_v of_o he_o for_o the_o affront_n he_o have_v receive_v in_o have_v his_o sacrifice_n prefer_v before_o his_o own_o so_o that_o this_o interpretation_n of_o you_o be_v so_o absurd_a that_o i_o do_v much_o rather_o agree_v with_o divers_a learned_a commentator_n as_o well_o jew_n as_o christian_n who_o make_v not_o only_o a_o quite_o different_a interpretation_n but_o also_o a_o different_a version_n of_o these_o word_n from_o the_o hebrew_n text_n and_o if_o you_o have_v the_o learned_a jesuit_n menochius_fw-la his_o note_n upon_o the_o bible_n i_o pray_v let_v i_o see_v they_o here_o pray_v observe_v what_o he_o say_v upon_o this_o place_n seâ_n sub_fw-la te_fw-la erit_fw-la appetitus_fw-la ejus_fw-la in_fw-la hebraeo_fw-la &_o apud_fw-la lxx_o est_fw-la ad_fw-la te_fw-la conuersio_fw-la ejus_fw-la sensus_fw-la est_fw-la peccatum_fw-la ejusque_fw-la appetitus_fw-la &_o concupiscentia_fw-la te_fw-la sollicitabit_fw-la ad_fw-la consensum_fw-la sed_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la 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ejus_fw-la i._n e._n cupit_fw-la te_fw-la poena_fw-la peccati_fw-la tui_fw-la ut_fw-la solet_fw-la post_fw-la peccatum_fw-la admissum_fw-la sed_fw-la tu_fw-la si_fw-la vis_fw-la dominaberis_fw-la illi_fw-la i._n e._n potes_fw-la declinare_fw-la peccatum_fw-la q._n d._n poena_fw-la haec_fw-la sicut_fw-la canis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la ostium_fw-la cubat_fw-la cupiens_fw-la ingredi_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la domini_fw-la est_fw-la vel_fw-la claudere_fw-la ostium_fw-la ne_fw-la ingrediatur_fw-la vel_fw-la aperire_fw-la ut_fw-la intret_fw-la probatur_fw-la hic_fw-la sensus_fw-la 1._o prius_fw-la membrum_fw-la de_fw-la praemio_fw-la lâquitur_fw-la reportabis_fw-la scil_n praemium_fw-la ergo_fw-la posterius_fw-la loquor_fw-la de_fw-la poena_fw-la peccatum_fw-la jam_fw-la inerat_fw-la ipsi_fw-la punitio_fw-la vero_fw-la nondum_fw-la sed_fw-la ad_fw-la fores_fw-la erat_fw-la so_o that_o according_a to_o these_o learned_a comentator_n this_o place_n be_v to_o be_v thus_o turn_v out_o of_o hebrew_n if_o thou_o do_v not_o well_o sin_n lie_v at_o the_o door_n and_o to_o thou_o be_v its_o desire_n but_o thou_o may_v or_o shall_v rule_v over_o it_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o much_o more_o genuine_a and_o rational_a interpretation_n than_o that_o of_o our_o english_a or_o latin_a bibles_n so_o that_o i_o think_v i_o may_v just_o except_v against_o the_o authority_n of_o so_o doubtful_a and_o obscure_a a_o place_n as_o sufficient_a to_o found_v your_o monarchical_a power_n of_o elder_a brother_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n m._n well_o sir_n since_o you_o be_v no_o better_o satisfy_v with_o this_o testimony_n oââ_n of_o genesis_n for_o the_o divine_a right_n of_o primogeniture_n i_o will_v no_o long_o insist_v upon_o it_o though_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v but_o that_o my_o interpretation_n of_o this_o place_n be_v true_a than_o you_o since_o i_o have_v likewise_o great_a authority_n on_o my_o side_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a beside_o our_o common_a version_n to_o authorise_v it_o and_o
indeed_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o god_n order_v it_o so_o by_o appoint_v every_o nation_n a_o distinct_a language_n and_o to_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o ancestor_n of_o their_o family_n this_o be_v altogether_o gratis_o dictum_fw-la for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o scripture_n say_v that_o this_o division_n of_o tongue_n be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o different_a tribe_n or_o family_n of_o these_o descendant_n of_o noah_n yet_o do_v it_o no_o where_o mention_n their_o be_v lead_v or_o command_v by_o seventy_o two_o grandfather_n patriarch_n and_o there_o may_v be_v for_o aught_o that_o you_o or_o i_o know_v not_o only_o seventy_o two_o but_o sevenscore_n such_o captain_n or_o leader_n of_o they_o nay_o every_o distinct_a father_n of_o a_o family_n when_o this_o monarchical_a power_n come_v to_o be_v crumble_v into_o so_o many_o part_n may_v as_o well_o have_v claim_v a_o share_n in_o this_o regal_a power_n they_o be_v by_o this_o confusion_n whole_o reduce_v again_o into_o a_o state_n of_o nature_n nor_o be_v your_o reason_n sufficient_a to_o convince_v i_o of_o the_o contrary_n as_o for_o your_o first_o reason_n that_o god_n have_v not_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v so_o signify_v little_a for_o either_o he_o have_v hinder_v it_o by_o a_o express_a command_n or_o by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o his_o providence_n the_o former_a i_o be_o sure_a you_o can_v no_o where_o show_v i_o and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a when_o ever_o any_o nation_n or_o people_n shall_v be_v press_v with_o the_o like_a necessity_n of_o separate_v themselves_o from_o the_o government_n under_o which_o they_o be_v bear_v as_o the_o several_a family_n of_o mankind_n have_v at_o this_o division_n of_o tongue_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o may_v not_o have_v a_o like_v right_o of_o quit_v their_o country_n and_o become_a subject_n to_o another_o government_n or_o else_o of_o set_v up_o one_o of_o their_o own_o if_o they_o can_v as_o for_o your_o second_o reason_n that_o monarch_n will_v be_v sure_a to_o reduce_v to_o their_o subjection_n any_o person_n that_o shall_v offer_v to_o divide_v himself_o and_o family_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o set_v up_o for_o a_o independent_a state_n without_o their_o good_a leave_n and_o like_v this_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n indeed_o thaâ_n they_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o but_o none_o at_o all_o that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v it_o if_o they_o can_v since_o this_o be_v but_o to_o exercise_v that_o supreme_a paternal_a authority_n with_o which_o god_n have_v invest_v they_o as_o much_o as_o ever_o âe_n do_v any_o of_o those_o seventy_o two_o descendant_n of_o noah_n who_o set_v up_o so_o many_o new_a government_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o noah_n heir_n your_o three_o reason_n i_o confess_v be_v somewhat_o better_a that_o the_o necessity_n of_o mankind_n prevent_v it_o but_o this_o also_o make_v quite_o against_o you_o and_o only_o prove_v that_o the_o head_n or_o master_n of_o family_n be_v sensible_a they_o can_v not_o preserve_v themselves_o but_o by_o unite_n with_o other_o for_o their_o mutual_a safety_n and_o protection_n be_v fain_o to_o submit_v though_o bâ_n their_o own_o consent_n to_o some_o common_a power_n for_o their_o own_o as_o well_o as_o their_o family_n preservation_n so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v from_o any_o thing_n you_o have_v say_v that_o god_n have_v that_o great_a care_n you_o suppose_v of_o maintain_v your_o patriarchal_a power_n much_o less_o this_o divine_a right_n of_o primogeniture_n m._n i_o see_v it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o wrangle_v with_o you_o any_o far_o about_o the_o patriarchal_a power_n of_o these_o son_n of_o noah_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o confusion_n of_o tongue_n 8._o in_o which_o the_o first_o instance_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o be_v that_o of_o jacob_n who_o when_o he_o have_v buy_v his_o brother_n birthright_n 27.29_o isaac_n bless_v he_o thus_o be_v lord_n over_o thy_o brethren_n and_o let_v the_o son_n of_o thy_o mother_n bow_v down_o before_o thou_o by_o which_o be_v plain_o denote_v a_o regal_a power_n or_o dominion_n over_o esau_n his_o brother_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n if_o he_o have_v have_v any_o so_o likewise_o we_o find_v f._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o alittle_o for_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n to_o say_v to_o this_o instance_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v of_o jacob_n and_o esau_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v i_o may_v speak_v it_o before_o you_o proceed_v any_o further_a and_o first_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o this_o divine_a right_n of_o primogeniture_n which_o you_o suppose_v here_o to_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n birthright_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v sell_v for_o a_o mess_n of_o pottage_n and_o all_o esau_n heir_n disinherit_v of_o their_o right_n because_o their_o father_n prefer_v his_o belly_n before_o his_o honour_n or_o interest_n but_o if_o your_o principle_n be_v true_a a_o divine_a right_n never_o die_v nor_o can_v be_v lose_v or_o take_v away_o the_o second_o thing_n i_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o 145._o be_v your_o unfair_a deal_n in_o make_v isaac_n to_o have_v present_o after_o this_o sale_n of_o the_o birth_n right_a and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o confirmation_n of_o it_o to_o have_v give_v jacob_n his_o blessing_n whereas_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o this_o story_n in_o gen._n 25._o that_o many_o year_n past_a perhaps_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o between_o iacob_n buy_v of_o this_o birthright_n and_o isaac_n confer_v of_o the_o blessing_n upon_o he_o as_o any_o one_o that_o will_v but_o read_v the_o 26_o of_o genesis_n may_v easy_o see_v but_o if_o you_o have_v better_o observe_v this_o text_n you_o will_v have_v find_v that_o this_o blessing_n be_v nor_o intend_v for_o jacob_n but_o esau_n for_o who_o isaac_n then_o mistake_v he_o but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v whether_o the_o blessing_n be_v give_v to_o jacob_n or_o esau_n it_o matter_n not_o for_o from_o these_o word_n i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n gather_v that_o any_o government_n or_o superiority_n be_v thereby_o confer_v on_o esau_n over_o jacob_n or_o jacob_n over_o esau._n for_o first_o as_o to_o jacob_n this_o blessing_n be_v never_o fulfil_v as_o to_o be_v âord_n over_o esau_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o mount_n sâir_n in_o iacob_n life_n time_n and_o as_o for_o bow_v or_o any_o other_o token_n of_o superiority_n we_o read_v indeed_o that_o jacob_n at_o his_o meeting_n his_o brother_n esau_n bow_v seven_o time_n towards_o he_o to_o the_o ground_n though_o he_o have_v before_o sell_v his_o birthright_n to_o jacob_n and_o therefore_o this_o birthright_n can_v mean_v any_o rule_v power_n or_o lordship_n over_o his_o brethren_n since_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o text_n that_o jacob_n have_v no_o more_o brother_n than_o esau_n 146._o nor_o have_v isaac_n any_o consideration_n of_o iacob_n have_v then_o buy_v this_o birthright_n for_o when_o he_o thus_o bless_v he_o he_o take_v he_o not_o to_o be_v jacob_n but_o esau_n nor_o do_v esau_n understand_v any_o connexion_n between_o the_o birthright_n and_o the_o blessing_n for_o ses_fw-fr he_o to_o his_o father_n he_o have_v supplant_v i_o thâse_a two_o time_n he_o take_v away_o my_o birth_n right_a and_o behold_v now_o he_o have_v take_v away_o my_o blessing_n whereas_o have_v this_o blessing_n to_o be_v lord_n over_o his_o brethren_n belong_v to_o the_o birthright_n esau_n can_v not_o have_v complain_v of_o this_o second_o as_o a_o cheat_n jacob_n have_v get_v nothing_o but_o what_o esau_n have_v sell_v he_o long_o before_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a dominion_n be_v not_o then_o understand_v to_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o birthright_n or_o blessing_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o rational_a to_o suppose_v that_o this_o word_n birth_n right_a only_o relate_v to_o the_o right_n of_o priesthood_n which_o the_o jew_n suppose_v always_o to_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n before_o the_o law_n be_v give_v and_o that_o by_o blessing_n be_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o that_o double_a portion_n of_o good_n which_o by_o the_o jewish_a law_n be_v due_a to_o the_o first-born_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o this_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o look_v in_o gen._n 21.10_o if_o you_o please_v to_o give_v i_o your_o bible_n i_o will_v show_v you_o the_o place_n and_o will_v read_v the_o word_n to_o you_o where_o sarah_n take_v isaac_n to_o be_v heir_n say_v cast_v out_o this_o bondwoman_n and_o her_o son_n for_o the_o son_n of_o this_o bondwoman_n shall_v not_o be_v heir_n with_o my_o son_n whereby_o can_v be_v mean_v nothing_o but_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o pretence_n to_o any_o equal_a share_n of_o his_o father_n estate_n after_o
that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o common_a and_o receive_v custom_n in_o many_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n to_o observe_v it_o and_o therefore_o herodotus_n who_o you_o have_v now_o quote_v call_v it_o very_o right_o a_o custom_n of_o nation_n that_o the_o elder_a son_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o empire_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o true_a among_o all_o nation_n or_o people_n by_o your_o own_o confession_n for_o then_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o difference_n between_o hereditary_a and_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n but_o the_o elder_a son_n shall_v have_v inherit_v alone_o in_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o other_o unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v as_o sure_o you_o will_v not_o that_o some_o kingdom_n be_v to_o be_v dispose_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o other_o not_o but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v consider_v grotius_n who_o you_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o he_o will_v have_v instruct_v you_o better_o for_o in_o the_o chapter_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v he_o make_v the_o difference_n between_o they_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o kingdom_n he_o speak_v of_o if_o you_o please_v i_o will_v show_v you_o the_o word_n say_v in_o regnorum_fw-la successione_n distingui_fw-la debent_fw-la regna_fw-la quae_fw-la pleno_fw-la modo_fw-la possidentur_fw-la 12._o &_o in_o patrimonio_fw-la sunt_fw-la ab_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la modum_fw-la habendi_fw-la accipiunt_fw-la ex_fw-la populi_fw-la consensu_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la discrimine_fw-la egimus_fw-la supra_fw-la prioris_fw-la generis_fw-la regna_fw-la dividi_fw-la possunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la inter_fw-la mare_n &_o foeminas_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o aegypto_n &_o britannia_n olim_fw-la factum_fw-la vidimus_fw-la nullo_n discrimine_fw-la sexus_fw-la lucan_n reginam_fw-la scit_fw-la far_o pharos_n ait_fw-fr lucanus_n de_fw-fr britannis_fw-la tacitus_n neque_fw-la enim_fw-la sexum_n in_fw-la imperio_fw-la discernunt_fw-la but_o look_v a_o little_a far_o and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n be-between_a they_o at_o ea_fw-la regna_fw-la quae_fw-la populi_fw-la libero_fw-la consensu_fw-la facta_fw-la sunt_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la 14._o ex_fw-la praesumbia_fw-la populi_fw-la voluntate_fw-la deferuntur_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la autem_fw-la populus_fw-la id_fw-la voluisse_fw-la quod_fw-la maxim_n expedit_fw-la and_o of_o this_o you_o may_v see_v he_o give_v divers_a example_n which_o we_o need_v not_o particular_o recite_v but_o this_o much_o be_v apparent_a that_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n be_v divisible_a among_o all_o the_o child_n because_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v whole_o in_o the_o father_n power_n either_o by_o conquest_n or_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o they_o but_o hereditary_a one_o that_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n can_v only_o become_v so_o by_o the_o free_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n by_o who_o they_o be_v institute_v and_o therefore_o both_o ishmael_n and_o esau_n who_o territory_n be_v whole_o patrimonial_a may_v very_o well_o divide_v they_o alike_o among_o all_o their_o son_n but_o then_o your_o natural_a right_n of_o primogeniture_n be_v quite_o destroy_v the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o other_o kingdom_n where_o this_o custom_n take_v place_n and_o therefore_o those_o place_n which_o you_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a author_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o those_o author_n who_o often_o confound_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n proper_o so_o call_v with_o those_o common_o use_v or_o receive_v custom_n among_o civilise_v people_n which_o they_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o law_n proper_o so_o call_v since_o they_o may_v without_o any_o transgression_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v practise_v different_a way_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o allow_v primogeniture_n as_o well_o in_o family_n as_o kingdom_n to_o 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you_o maintain_v that_o
no_o exorbitant_a height_n i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v from_o many_o passage_n in_o his_o patriarcha_fw-la as_o well_o as_o other_o work_n that_o no_o author_n have_v make_v bold_a assertion_n to_o render_v all_o mankind_n slave_n instead_o of_o subject_n and_o all_o prince_n tyrant_n instead_o of_o king_n and_o that_o his_o principle_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v safe_a that_o if_o they_o be_v due_o look_v into_o and_o weigh_v they_o will_v prove_v destructive_a as_o well_o to_o the_o right_n of_o prince_n as_o to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n m._n i_o shall_v be_v very_o glad_a to_o see_v that_o prove_v for_o i_o must_v always_o believe_v till_o you_o show_v i_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o this_o excellent_a author_n lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o ground_n that_o prince_n be_v as_o father_n to_o their_o people_n be_v bind_v to_o treat_v their_o subject_n as_o child_n and_o not_o as_o slave_n and_o therefore_o wave_v this_o last_o controversy_n which_o we_o have_v 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according_a to_o the_o maxim_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v and_o they_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o servitude_n or_o absolute-subjection_n of_o child_n to_o their_o father_n be_v not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a or_o roman_a law_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o first_o quotation_n whereby_o you_o will_v justify_v sir_n r._n f._n for_o maintain_v any_o unjust_a severity_n in_o father_n or_o tyranny_n in_o prince_n because_o they_o be_v both_o to_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o family_n and_o kingdom_n it_o be_v very_o true_a he_o say_v so_o but_o of_o this_o common_a good_a they_o themselves_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o if_o
caligula_n guard_n if_o he_o have_v go_v about_o to_o put_v his_o wicked_a wish_n into_o execution_n or_o likewise_o to_o have_v resist_v or_o put_v to_o death_n those_o incendiary_n they_o find_v fire_v the_o city_n though_o they_o may_v have_v have_v the_o emperor_n nero_n commission_n for_o it_o so_o likewise_o sure_o it_o will_v have_v be_v as_o lawful_a for_o the_o people_n of_o pegu_n to_o have_v resist_v those_o who_o the_o emperor_n may_v have_v send_v to_o hinder_v they_o from_o plough_v and_o sow_v their_o land_n and_o that_o i_o be_o not_o the_o only_a man_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o consult_v what_o barclay_n have_v in_o his_o treatise_n contra_fw-la monarchomachos_n which_o he_o write_v against_o buchanan_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la scotos_fw-gr and_o the_o author_n of_o vindiciae_fw-la contra_fw-la tyrannos_fw-la where_o tho'he_fw-mi be_v a_o most_o zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o unlimited_a and_o irresistible_a power_n of_o prince_n yet_o in_o his_o three_o book_n chap._n 8._o he_o speak_v to_o this_o effect_n the_o sense_n of_o who_o word_n as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o english_a now_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v say_v but_o must_v the_o people_n always_o yield_v their_o throat_n to_o the_o fury_n and_o cruelty_n of_o tyrantyâ_n â_z must_v they_o patient_o permit_v their_o city_n to_o be_v destroy_v by_o hunger_n fâe_n or_o sword_n and_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n to_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o lust_n of_o a_o tyrant_n and_o also_o themselves_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o utmost_a danger_n and_o misery_n of_o life_n must_v that_o be_v deny_v to_o they_o which_o be_v the_o right_n of_o all_o animal_n by_o nature_n that_o be_v that_o they_o may_v repel_v force_n with_o force_n and_o defend_v themselves_o from_o injury_n to_o this_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v answer_v that_o self-defence_n which_o be_v of_o natural_a right_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o king_n do_v not_o only_o exert_v his_o hatred_n against_o some_o single_a person_n but_o also_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o destroy_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o which_o he_o be_v head_n that_o be_v shall_v exert_v his_o hatred_n against_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o some_o considerable_a part_n of_o they_o by_o a_o horrid_a and_o intolerable_a cruelty_n or_o tyranny_n there_o be_v a_o power_n in_o the_o people_n in_o this_o case_n only_o of_o defend_v itself_o but_o not_o of_o invade_v the_o prince_n or_o of_o revenge_a the_o injury_n give_v neither_o of_o depart_v from_o their_o due_a reverence_n because_o of_o the_o injury_n receive_v in_o short_a it_o have_v right_o only_a of_o repel_v a_o present_a force_n but_o not_o of_o revenge_v a_o past_a injury_n for_o one_o of_o they_o indeed_o be_v from_o nature_n that_o we_o shall_v defend_v our_o life_n and_o person_n from_o injury_n and_o therefore_o the_o people_n may_v be_v able_a to_o prevent_v a_o evil_a before_o it_o be_v do_v but_o can_v revenge_v it_o upon_o the_o king_n after_o it_o be_v do_v therefore_o the_o people_n have_v this_o right_o more_o than_o a_o private_a man_n that_o he_o have_v no_o other_o remedy_n leave_v he_o but_o patience_n whereas_o the_o people_n if_o the_o tyranny_n be_v intolerable_a may_v still_o resist_v though_o with_o respect_n in_o all_o which_o this_o author_n have_v there_o say_v we_o may_v easy_o understand_v his_o meaning_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o this_o of_o resist_a force_n with_o respect_n and_o reverence_n for_o i_o can_v understand_v how_o a_o man_n may_v sight_v against_o his_o prince_n with_o reverence_n or_o give_v his_o guard_n a_o knock_z over_o the_o paâe_n or_o a_o cut_n in_o the_o face_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o prince_n authority_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a why_o the_o people_n may_v act_v thus_o because_o when_o a_o prince_n once_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v and_o make_v war_n upon_o his_o people_n he_o do_v not_o act_v then_o as_o a_o monarch_n but_o like_o a_o cutthroat_n and_o enemy_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o no_o man_n can_v imagine_v a_o will_n to_o destroy_v and_o to_o protect_v the_o people_n can_v at_o once_o subsist_v in_o the_o same_o person_n m._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o by_o the_o political_a law_n of_o any_o government_n which_o be_v make_v to_o secure_v the_o right_n of_o the_o subject_n in_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n no_o prince_n can_v 203._o or_o aught_o to_o take_v away_o his_o subject_n life_n or_o estate_n contrary_a to_o law_n yet_o by_o the_o imperial_a law_n in_o every_o government_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o gospel_n which_o as_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v establish_v those_o law_n in_o all_o perfect_a government_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o english_a all_o these_o right_n legal_o belong_v to_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n especial_o to_o be_v accountable_a to_o none_o but_o god_n to_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n and_o disposal_n of_o the_o sword_n and_o to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o coercive_a and_o vindicative_a power_n and_o from_o all_o resistance_n by_o force_n it_o be_v by_o these_o common_a law_n of_o sovereignty_n that_o the_o gospel_n require_v passive_a obedience_n which_o be_v but_o another_o name_n for_o nonresistance_n these_o law_n be_v in_o eternal_a force_n against_o the_o subject_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o sovereign_n be_v he_o good_a or_o evil_a just_a or_o unjust_a christian_a or_o pagan_a be_v he_o what_o he_o will_v no_o subject_n or_o number_n of_o subject_n whatsoever_o can_v lift_v up_o his_o or_o their_o hand_n against_o the_o sovereign_n and_o be_v guiltless_a by_o these_o law_n therefore_o for_o the_o subject_n to_o bear_v the_o sword_n against_o their_o sovereign_n or_o to_o defend_v themselves_o by_o force_n against_o he_o or_o his_o force_n be_v against_o the_o common_a law_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o by_o consequence_n passive_a obedience_n even_o unto_o death_n become_v a_o duty_n in_o sovereign_a government_n by_o virtue_n of_o those_o law_n and_o we_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v they_o upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o but_o therefore_o all_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v death_n wrongful_o rather_o than_o to_o resist_v they_o upon_o any_o pretence_n or_o account_n whatsoever_o so_o that_o let_v popish_a writer_n though_o never_o so_o moderate_a say_v what_o they_o please_v concern_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o resistance_n in_o some_o case_n yet_o we_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n have_v learn_v better_a thing_n from_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o example_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n which_o we_o think_v ourselves_o oblige_v most_o strict_o to_o observe_v and_o therefore_o in_o relation_n to_o our_o own_o government_n and_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n i_o shall_v reduce_v all_o that_o i_o have_v to_o say_v against_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o into_o this_o syllogism_n not_o to_o be_v resist_v by_o the_o subject_n be_v a_o inseparable_a right_n of_o all_o sovereign_a power_n but_o the_o king_n be_v here_o the_o only_a sovereign_a power_n ergo_fw-la the_o king_n be_v upon_o no_o pretence_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v resist_v by_o his_o subject_n so_o that_o not_o to_o quarrel_v any_o long_o about_o word_n nonresistance_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o passive_a obedience_n and_o submission_n and_o by_o consequence_n these_o be_v require_v by_o the_o imperial_a law_n of_o the_o government_n therefore_o whatsoever_o the_o imperial_a law_n of_o the_o government_n require_v of_o its_o subject_n if_o it_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o god_n law_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o but_o passive_a obedience_n or_o patient_n suffer_v of_o injury_n from_o the_o sovereign_n be_v not_o forbid_v by_o god_n law_n and_o therefore_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o where_o it_o be_v require_v by_o the_o imperial_a law_n f._n i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o say_v any_o thing_n as_o yet_o concern_v what_o doctrine_n the_o scripture_n teach_v or_o the_o primitive_a christian_n practise_v concern_v this_o matter_n because_o i_o desire_v to_o discourse_v that_o question_n apart_o from_o this_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n which_o we_o be_v now_o upon_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o though_o this_o new_a fingle-fangle_n term_n of_o imperial_a law_n of_o nonresistance_n may_v sound_v very_o pretty_o to_o their_o ear_n who_o mind_n word_n more_o than_o sense_n yet_o i_o must_v free_o confess_v that_o i_o be_o altogether_o a_o stranger_n to_o this_o notion_n of_o imperial_a law_n as_o also_o of_o the_o distinction_n you_o make_v between_o the_o imperial_a and_o political_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o if_o by_o imperial_a law_n you_o mean_v those_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n i_o never_o know_v that_o
resistance_n of_o our_o prince_n be_v a_o sin_n it_o be_v not_o the_o less_o but_o the_o great_a sin_n the_o great_a and_o the_o more_o formidable_a the_o resistance_n be_v and_o it_o will_v very_o much_o unbecome_v the_o gravity_n and_o sacredness_n of_o a_o apostolical_a precept_n to_o enjoin_v subjection_n to_o private_a christian_n who_o dare_v not_o who_o can_v resist_v alone_o but_o to_o leave_v a_o powerful_a combination_n of_o rebel_n at_o liberty_n to_o resist_v 107._o so_o that_o every_o soul_n must_v signify_v all_o subject_n whether_o single_a or_o unite_a for_o whatever_o be_v unlawful_a for_o every_o single_a person_n consider_v as_o a_o subject_a be_v unlawful_a for_o they_o all_o together_o for_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v as_o much_o a_o subject_n to_o the_o high_a power_n as_o any_o single_a man._n thus_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v in_o our_o government_n where_o lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n own_v themselves_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n and_o have_v by_o public_a law_n disclaim_v all_o power_n of_o raise_v any_o war_n either_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a against_o the_o king_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o high_a power_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o signify_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o any_o nation_n in_o whosoever_o it_o be_v place_v whether_o in_o the_o king_n as_o in_o monarchical_a government_n or_o in_o the_o noble_n as_o in_o aristocratical_a or_o in_o the_o people_n as_o in_o democracy_n at_o the_o time_n of_o write_v this_o epistle_n the_o supreme_a power_n be_v in_o the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o therefore_o when_o st._n paul_n command_v the_o roman_a christian_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n the_o plain_a meaning_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n 2.13_o and_o thus_o st._n peter_n explain_v it_o be_v subject_n to_o every_o ordinance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o lord_n sake_n whether_o to_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d the_o word_n use_v in_o this_o text_n as_o to_o he_o who_o have_v a_o supereminent_a power_n and_o be_v above_o all_o other_o as_o also_o unto_o governor_n that_o be_v send_v by_o he_o etc._n etc._n from_o which_o text_n epiphanius_n prove_v that_o subordinate_a magistrate_n under_o the_o king_n be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o power_n of_o under-officer_n since_o it_o be_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n ought_v no_o more_o to_o be_v resist_v than_o the_o king_n be_v from_o who_o it_o be_v derive_v f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o be_v very_o tedious_a in_o answer_v your_o long_a speech_n since_o a_o small_a share_n of_o natural_a reason_n and_o grammar_n will_v do_v it_o therefore_o to_o be_v as_o short_a as_o i_o can_v i_o do_v free_o acknowledge_v that_o not_o only_o private_a man_n but_o whole_a nation_n be_v by_o this_o precept_n of_o st._n paul_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n without_o any_o rebellion_n against_o they_o as_o well_o as_o particular_a person_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v power_n ordain_v by_o god_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o you_o shall_v consider_v what_o be_v the_o true_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o if_o it_o be_v once_o discover_v you_o will_v find_v it_o carry_v its_o own_o limitation_n along_o with_o it_o for_o it_o exclude_v both_o the_o usurpation_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o also_o the_o illegal_a and_o wicked_a exercisâ_n of_o it_o and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v the_o learned_a dr._n sanderson_n in_o his_o lecture_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o humane_a law_n where_o in_o his_o 5_o thâecture_n âecture_z §_o 12._o as_o i_o remember_v he_o speak_v to_o this_o purpose_n in_o answer_n to_o a_o objection_n that_o then_o all_o those_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n that_o be_v of_o compel_v those_o who_o be_v under_o their_o power_n to_o perform_v their_o command_n ought_v then_o to_o be_v obey_v in_o conscience_n his_o answer_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o power_n he_o mean_v and_o on_o which_o alone_o lie_v the_o obligation_n of_o conscience_n be_v not_o that_o power_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o be_v natural_a or_o physical_a power_n or_o force_n or_o else_o that_o which_o be_v only_a de_fw-fr facto_fw-la by_o which_o any_o one_o be_v able_a to_o do_v whatever_o he_o please_v without_o any_o hindrance_n but_o that_o power_n which_o they_o call_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d that_o be_v lawful_a power_n or_o of_o right_n to_o wit_n that_o which_o belong_v to_o he_o that_o have_v it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n nation_n or_o civil_a constitution_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o person_n who_o bear_v it_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o it_o to_o this_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o lawful_a authority_n the_o apostle_n do_v now_o so_o much_o press_v a_o exact_a obedience_n that_o he_o name_v it_o five_o time_n in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o verse_n but_o say_v not_o one_o word_n of_o this_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o force_v so_o far_o he_o and_o if_o our_o translator_n of_o this_o place_n have_v render_v the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d authority_n instead_o of_o power_n as_o they_o have_v render_v it_o in_o other_o place_n and_o as_o they_o be_v force_v to_o do_v in_o the_o first_o of_o peter_n ch._n 3._o ver._n 22._o where_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d come_v together_o in_o the_o same_o verse_n they_o be_v force_v to_o render_v the_o former_a word_n by_o authority_n and_o the_o latter_a by_o power_n which_o if_o they_o have_v constant_o do_v they_o have_v effectual_o prevent_v the_o false_a application_n of_o this_o text_n since_o no_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n can_v imagine_v that_o when_o a_o prince_n for_o example_n destroy_v oppress_v and_o enslave_v his_o subject_n he_o act_v thus_o as_o a_o lawful_a power_n or_o authority_n or_o that_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o dr._n sanderson_n very_o well_o express_v it_o by_o any_o natural_a or_o municipal_a law_n much_o less_o can_v be_v the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d true_a or_o just_a authority_n or_o power_n which_o be_v here_o mean_v by_o st._n paul_n to_o be_v ordain_v by_o god_n and_o that_o these_o word_n may_v be_v so_o render_v instead_o of_o the_o power_n that_o be_v scapulae_fw-la appear_v from_o plato_n who_o more_o than_o once_o have_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d for_o vera_fw-la potestas_fw-la true_a power_n or_o authority_n so_o that_o if_o this_o text_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o your_o sense_n this_o place_n of_o scripture_n will_v serve_v to_o countenance_n and_o defend_v all_o the_o tyranny_n cruelty_n and_o oppression_n which_o the_o most_o wicked_a tyrant_n can_v commit_v all_o which_o must_v be_v ordain_v by_o god_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o equivocal_a word_n power_n but_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o see_v the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o interpretation_n pray_v let_v we_o put_v these_o thing_n into_o the_o text_n instead_o of_o power_n and_o see_v how_o it_o will_v run_v then_o theââ_n be_v no_o tyranny_n violence_n or_o oppression_n commit_v by_o prince_n or_o their_o subordinate_a officer_n but_o what_o be_v ordain_v of_o god_n whosoever_o therefore_o resist_v this_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n you_o will_v say_v perhaps_o that_o this_o be_v not_o your_o meaning_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o true_a sense_n that_o must_v arise_v from_o your_o interpretation_n of_o this_o place_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o voice_n of_o god_n approve_v all_o just_a and_o lawful_a government_n and_o confirm_v from_o heaven_n those_o moral_a duty_n of_o submission_n obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n which_o be_v always_o due_a and_o must_v ever_o be_v to_o lawful_a authority_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n which_o you_o plain_o see_v be_v not_o due_a to_o mere_a force_n violence_n or_o cruelty_n for_o that_o be_v absolute_o exclude_v out_o of_o the_o text_n which_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n admit_v of_o it_o the_o high_a power_n ordain_v by_o god_n have_v no_o commission_n from_o he_o for_o any_o of_o these_o wicked_a purpose_n m._n i_o doubt_v for_o all_o your_o confidence_n that_o you_o very_o much_o mistake_v the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n 19_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n your_o or_o rather_o the_o dr_n criticism_n between_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d and_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d will_v not_o do_v for_o they_o both_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o scripture_n either_o force_n and_o power_n or_o authority_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i_o will_v not_o be_v bring_v under_o
the_o subject_n for_o good_a nay_o even_o in_o the_o worst_a of_o his_o reign_n as_o far_o as_o justice_n be_v due_o administer_v by_o himself_o or_o his_o under-officer_n i_o grant_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v resist_v notwithstanding_o his_o personal_a crime_n which_o can_v only_o reach_v a_o few_o person_n since_o a_o wicked_a man_n may_v often_o make_v a_o tolerable_a prince_n and_o though_o domitian_n be_v in_o his_o own_o person_n a_o cruel_a tyrant_n yet_o he_o be_v so_o far_o commendable_a and_o to_o be_v bear_v with_o by_o his_o subject_n that_o during_o his_o reign_n the_o proconsul_n precedent_n and_o other_o inferior_a magistrate_n be_v never_o free_a from_o corruption_n and_o oppression_n whereas_o when_o nerva_n who_o be_v a_o mild_a good_a nature_a prince_n succeed_v he_o by_o his_o too_o great_a lenity_n towards_o those_o inferior_a magistrate_n all_o thing_n present_o degenerate_v into_o a_o most_o sad_a condition_n justice_n be_v sell_v and_o pervert_v and_o the_o poor_a rob_v and_o oppress_v it_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o rich_a and_o powerful_a and_o even_o nero_n himself_o have_v this_o commendation_n from_o his_o great_a enemy_n suetonius_n that_o he_o will_v not_o be_v govern_v by_o his_o officer_n and_o freedman_n as_o claudius_n be_v to_o do_v foolish_a and_o unjust_a thing_n so_o that_o if_o nero_n himself_o have_v not_o by_o burn_v the_o city_n and_o by_o murder_v the_o innocent_a citizen_n in_o the_o night_n make_v himself_o a_o public_a enemy_n i_o do_v not_o see_v but_o his_o government_n may_v very_o well_o have_v be_v bear_v with_o notwithstanding_o his_o personal_a crime_n and_o vice_n for_o if_o you_o please_v to_o remember_v i_o have_v already_o except_v personal_a fault_n in_o prince_n from_o be_v any_o just_a cause_n of_o resist_v their_o authority_n if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o can_v any_o way_n consist_v with_o the_o common_a safety_n and_o welfare_n of_o the_o people_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o yet_o consider_v this_o matter_n concern_v the_o time_n when_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n write_v these_o epistle_n and_o you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o do_v not_o ready_o allow_v what_o you_o say_v but_o i_o promise_v you_o to_o consider_v far_o of_o this_o story_n and_o examine_v the_o author_n you_o have_v quote_v but_o however_o whether_o the_o christian_n be_v then_o actual_o persecute_v or_o not_o or_o whether_o these_o emperor_n be_v then_o actual_o tyrant_n or_o not_o signify_v very_o little_a to_o i_o for_o these_o holy_a apostle_n may_v very_o well_o foresee_v not_o only_o by_o divine_a revelation_n but_o by_o natural_a prudence_n or_o foresight_n that_o the_o emperor_n will_v prove_v great_a tyrant_n and_o persecutor_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o late_a example_n of_o the_o emperor_n caligula_n have_v show_v they_o not_o only_o the_o possibility_n but_o also_o the_o great_a likelihood_n that_o it_o may_v happen_v again_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o these_o apostle_n do_v in_o consideration_n of_o this_o command_v all_o christian_n to_o submit_v to_o and_o obey_v all_o supreme_a power_n and_o their_o subordinate_a officer_n upon_o pain_n of_o damnation_n and_o if_o st._n peter_n in_o this_o chapter_n last_o quote_v command_n servant_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o master_n not_o only_o to_o the_o good_a and_o gentle_a but_o also_o to_o the_o froward_a that_o be_v to_o the_o cruel_a and_o ill-conditioned_a and_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o it_o for_o this_o be_v thankworthy_a if_o a_o man_n for_o conscience_n towards_o god_n endure_v grief_n suffer_v wrongful_o and_o enforce_v it_o with_o this_o great_a motive_n for_o even_o hereunto_o be_v you_o call_v because_o christ_n also_o suffer_v for_o we_o leave_v we_o a_o example_n that_o you_o shall_v follow_v his_o step_n and_o if_o servant_n or_o slave_n be_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o master_n let_v they_o use_v they_o never_o so_o cruel_o it_o will_v i_o think_v hold_v more_o strong_a for_o sovereign_a power_n who_o be_v the_o immediate_a ordinance_n of_o god_n f._n you_o need_v not_o have_v make_v your_o answer_n half_o so_o long_o if_o you_o have_v be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o have_v still_o except_v any_o resistance_n which_o may_v be_v then_o make_v against_o the_o roman_a emperor_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o persecution_n upon_o the_o mere_a score_n of_o religion_n since_o i_o grant_v that_o our_o saviour_n have_v for_o those_o particular_a reason_n i_o have_v already_o allege_v command_v we_o to_o a_o patient_a suffer_v and_o bear_v testimony_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o religion_n by_o martyrdom_n or_o any_o other_o suffering_n which_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o inflict_v upon_o we_o by_o lawful_a authority_n and_o for_o the_o like_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v to_o suffer_v yet_o have_v he_o not_o therefore_o take_v away_o all_o those_o natural_a right_n which_o whole_a nation_n have_v of_o self-defence_n against_o tyranny_n and_o slavery_n whensoever_o they_o be_v exercise_v upon_o they_o nor_o do_v your_o argument_n from_o particular_a slave_n to_o their_o master_n at_o all_o concern_v subject_n much_o less_o whole_a nation_n for_o i_o hope_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o perfect_a slave_n who_o have_v no_o interest_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o so_o have_v neither_o liberty_n nor_o property_n to_o lose_v but_o beside_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v this_o text_n you_o will_v find_v that_o this_o do_v whole_o concern_v such_o christian_a slave_n who_o be_v for_o their_o religion_n sake_n oftentimes_o the_o more_o cruel_o treat_v by_o their_o heathen_a master_n and_o therefore_o those_o word_n you_o have_v but_o now_o repeat_v if_o a_o man_n for_o conscience_n sake_n suffer_v wrongful_o as_o likewise_o those_o in_o the_o 20_o the_o verse_n if_o you_o do_v well_o and_o suffer_v for_o it_o can_v only_o be_v mean_v of_o suffer_v for_o the_o profession_n of_o christ_n since_o no_o heathen_a emperor_n nor_o master_n ever_o persecute_v their_o subject_n or_o cruel_o treat_v their_o slave_n for_o well_o do_v that_o be_v do_v those_o duty_n and_o service_n that_o they_o owe_v they_o and_o therefore_o this_o place_n make_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n m._n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o do_v not_o the_o apostle_n paul_n express_o command_v every_o soul_n that_o be_v every_o man_n whatsoever_o not_o whole_a nation_n except_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n and_o since_o you_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v true_a as_o to_o particular_a man_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o likewise_o hold_v as_o to_o whole_a nation_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n unless_o you_o will_v be_v wise_a than_o the_o apostle_n and_o make_v exception_n out_o of_o this_o general_a rule_n where_o the_o scripture_n itself_o make_v none_o for_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v more_o express_a than_o this_o that_o they_o that_o resist_v shall_v receive_v to_o themselves_o damnation_n and_o the_o word_n be_v in_o the_o plural_a number_n they_o and_o must_v therefore_o take_v in_o all_o man_n none_o except_v i_o have_v urge_v this_o already_o and_o i_o find_v you_o have_v not_o give_v i_o a_o answer_n to_o it_o i_o make_v bold_a to_o re-mind_n you_o of_o that_o omission_n f._n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o your_o objection_n have_v make_v i_o omit_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v material_a to_o be_v answer_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o suppose_v that_o i_o have_v in_o effect_n do_v it_o already_o but_o since_o you_o will_v needs_o have_v it_o make_v plaineâ_n to_o you_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o in_o the_o do_n of_o it_o i_o be_o force_v to_o use_v some_o repetition_n therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v the_o interpretation_n which_o our_o translator_n put_v upon_o this_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o though_o it_o sometime_o signify_v not_o eternal_a damnation_n but_o temporal_a judgement_n yet_o i_o will_v own_v it_o will_v not_o well_o agree_v with_o what_o follow_v in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v only_o temporal_a reason_n and_o motive_n for_o this_o duty_n now_o understand_v this_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d in_o the_o scripture_n sense_n and_o though_o i_o do_v it_o will_v be_v much_o at_o one_o for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o whether_o you_o take_v these_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d for_o power_n or_o person_n they_o be_v not_o absolute_o irresistible_a and_o i_o have_v st._n chrysostome_n on_o my_o side_n in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o this_o word_n who_o understand_v no_o more_o by_o it_o than_o that_o civil_a power_n or_o authority_n be_v from_o god_n but_o not_o the_o tyrant_n or_o wicked_a man_n that_o execute_v it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v take_v
for_o the_o person_n endue_v with_o this_o authority_n i_o have_v also_o show_v you_o that_o when_o they_o degenerate_a into_o intolerable_a tyrant_n they_o lose_v their_o character_n and_o may_v be_v resist_v as_o well_o as_o madman_n and_o fool_n so_o much_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o power_n themselves_o and_o now_o to_o come_v to_o the_o people_n i_o think_v i_o have_v give_v very_o good_a reason_n already_o why_o a_o whole_a people_n or_o nation_n or_o the_o major_a part_n thereof_o may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n and_o yet_o that_o i_o need_v not_o allow_v particular_a private_a person_n the_o same_o liberty_n and_o one_o great_a reason_n be_v because_o they_o can_v and_o the_o other_o because_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v it_o the_o first_o you_o yourself_o do_v acknowledge_v since_o you_o say_v a_o private_a person_n when_o he_o make_v such_o resistance_n do_v it_o at_o his_o own_o peril_n when_o he_o have_v only_o his_o own_o single_a self_n to_o oppose_v against_o his_o prince_n and_o that_o single_a person_n do_v use_v to_o resist_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o great_a danger_n to_o the_o public_a if_o they_o do_v to_o which_o i_o shall_v likewise_o add_v a_o much_o better_a reason_n which_o i_o have_v also_o give_v you_o before_o why_o private_a subject_n ought_v not_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n to_o make_v public_a disturbance_n to_o avoid_v any_o violence_n that_o may_v be_v do_v to_o their_o particular_a person_n or_o estate_n because_o every_o private_a subject_a aught_o to_o prefer_v the_o peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o he_o be_v a_o member_n before_o his_o own_o private_a interest_n which_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o right_a reason_n can_v extend_v to_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o civil_a society_n since_o it_o be_v as_o much_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o that_o to_o be_v destroy_v beggar_a and_o enslave_v as_o it_o be_v that_o god_n shall_v ordain_v all_o mankind_n to_o be_v so_o and_o therefore_o our_o saviour_n and_o st._n paul_n never_o intend_v to_o alter_v any_o of_o those_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n it_o can_v be_v believe_v that_o they_o will_v tie_v mankind_n to_o such_o strict_a and_o severe_a rule_n of_o nonresistance_n and_o subjection_n as_o shall_v expose_v they_o to_o beggary_n and_o slavery_n and_o ruin_n with_o all_o the_o misery_n of_o this_o life_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v that_o our_o saviour_n or_o his_o apostle_n have_v either_o promise_v eternal_a life_n for_o such_o slavish_a subjection_n nor_o threaten_v damnation_n for_o such_o resistance_n m._n to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n take_v notice_n that_o though_o i_o grant_v st._n chrysostome_n for_o fear_v of_o make_v tyrant_n and_o wicked_a prince_n to_o be_v ordain_v by_o god_n give_v that_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o you_o have_v now_o do_v yet_o he_o own_v the_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n because_o the_o power_n be_v from_o god_n as_o you_o may_v here_o see_v in_o these_o quotation_n out_o of_o he_o which_o the_o learned_a primate_n have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n which_o you_o may_v if_o you_o please_v read_v with_o i_o and_o compare_v the_o greek_a in_o the_o margin_n 112._o for_o it_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n that_o the_o magistrate_n who_o he_o have_v stamp_v with_o his_o own_o image_n shall_v have_v also_o his_o own_o power_n and_o he_o that_o obey_v not_o he_o make_v war_n in_o a_o sort_n with_o god_n who_o have_v appoint_v these_o thing_n let_v we_o not_o therefore_o invert_v this_o order_n nor_o fight_v with_o god_n demonstrate_v by_o our_o deed_n that_o say_v of_o the_o apostle_n whosoever_o resist_v the_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o place_n if_o we_o reverence_v and_o fear_v those_o magistrate_n that_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o king_n although_o they_o be_v wicked_a although_o they_o be_v thief_n although_o they_o be_v robber_n although_o they_o be_v unjust_a or_o whatever_o they_o be_v not_o despise_v they_o for_o their_o wickedness_n but_o stand_v in_o awe_n of_o they_o for_o the_o dignity_n of_o they_o that_o do_v elect_a they_o 116._o much_o more_o ought_v we_o thus_o to_o do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o god_n but_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n in_o what_o sense_n this_o or_o any_o other_o father_n take_v these_o word_n so_o long_o as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n be_v secure_a but_o it_o seem_v very_o strange_a that_o you_o can_v find_v that_o our_o saviour_n and_o his_o apostle_n have_v neither_o promise_v eternal_a life_n for_o slavish_a subjection_n nor_o threaten_v damnation_n for_o resistance_n for_o as_o sure_a as_o the_o word_n be_v that_o they_o that_o resist_v shall_v receive_v to_o themselves_o damnation_n so_o sure_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o they_o that_o do_v the_o contrary_a and_o be_v patient_o subject_a shall_v receive_v eternal_a life_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o this_o interruption_n therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o reply_n and_o let_v i_o see_v how_o you_o can_v avoid_v damnation_n if_o the_o word_n of_o the_o apostle_n be_v true_a f._n the_o question_n be_v still_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v before_o notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v for_o it_o be_v not_o whether_o some_o resistance_n be_v not_o unlawful_a but_o whether_o all_o resistance_n whatsoever_o be_v that_o resistance_n forbid_v by_o the_o apostle_n and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o you_o do_v not_o put_v such_o a_o strict_a interpretation_n upon_o other_o place_n of_o scripture_n pray_v tell_v i_o the_o reason_n why_o when_o our_o saviour_n express_o command_v we_o not_o to_o resist_v the_o evil_a 42._o that_o be_v the_o evil_a doer_n but_o whosoever_o shall_v smite_v thou_o on_o thy_o right_a check_n turn_v to_o he_o the_o other_o also_o and_o if_o any_o man_n will_v sue_v thou_o at_o the_o law_n and_o take_v away_o thy_o coat_n let_v he_o have_v thy_o cloak_n also_o and_o whosoever_o shall_v compel_v thou_o to_o go_v a_o ãâã_d go_v with_o he_o twain_o give_v to_o he_o that_o ask_v thou_o and_o from_o he_o that_o will_v borrow_v of_o thou_o turn_v not_o thou_o away_o or_o yet_o those_o more_o severe_a command_n of_o pull_v out_o the_o right_a eye_n 28.29_o and_o cut_v off_o the_o right_a hand_n if_o they_o offend_v we_o of_o make_v ourselves_o eunuch_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n sake_n and_o that_o be_v that_o can_v receive_v it_o let_v he_o receive_v it_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n i_o say_v why_o those_o place_n of_o scripture_n which_o take_v literal_o be_v as_o strict_a as_o this_o you_o now_o quote_v that_o they_o that_o resist_v shall_v receive_v damnation_n yet_o that_o most_o of_o the_o father_n as_o well_o as_o the_o more_o modern_a commentator_n put_v a_o figurative_a and_o not_o a_o literal_a sense_n upon_o these_o text_n pray_v tell_v i_o your_o reason_n why_o they_o do_v so_o m._n i_o think_v the_o reason_n be_v very_o plain_a because_o to_o understand_v they_o in_o a_o literal_a sense_n be_v utter_o unpracticable_a and_o contradictory_n to_o the_o common_a sense_n and_o notion_n of_o mankind_n and_o those_o natural_a dictate_v of_o self_n preservation_n which_o st._n paul_n approve_v of_o when_o he_o say_v no_o man_n yet_o hate_v his_o own_o flesh_n and_o it_o be_v altogether_o unsuitable_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n which_o be_v intend_v for_o the_o perfection_n of_o human_a nature_n that_o be_v of_o man_n soul_n and_o natural_a reason_n and_o for_o the_o quiet_a and_o happiness_n not_o hurt_v and_o destruction_n of_o their_o body_n f._n i_o grant_v your_o reason_n be_v very_o good_a and_o self-evident_a but_o pray_v tell_v i_o be_v it_o not_o as_o much_o against_o the_o common_a sense_n and_o notion_n of_o 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and_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n make_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o king_n sovereignty_n independent_a from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v express_o assert_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o express_o declare_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o free_a that_o it_o be_v under_o no_o earthly_a subjection_n but_o immediate_o subject_a to_o god_n in_o all_o thing_n touch_v the_o regality_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o no_o other_o and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o express_o declare_v that_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v a_o empire_n govern_v by_o one_o supreme_a head_n and_o king_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o royal_a authority_n be_v also_o thereby_o declare_v imperial_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v therein_o stiâed_v king_n or_o emperor_n of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o man_n needs_o to_o doubt_v where_o the_o supreme_a or_o 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and_o create_v new_a dignity_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a as_o also_o to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n to_o make_v law_n and_o in_o short_a to_o do_v all_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o monarch_n and_o that_o he_o alone_o be_v the_o sole_a sovereign_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n glaâvil_n and_o fortescue_n plain_o declare_v the_o former_a of_o which_o 10._o say_v thus_o rex_fw-la nullum_fw-la labour_n potest_fw-la parem_fw-la multò_fw-la minùs_fw-la superiorem_fw-la the_o same_o thing_n be_v also_o repeat_v by_o bracton_n and_o a_o very_a good_a reason_n give_v for_o it_o in_o these_o word_n 9_o omnis_fw-la quidem_fw-la sub_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n nisi_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la svo_fw-la quia_fw-la sic_fw-la amitteret_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la command_v cum_fw-la par_fw-fr in_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la âabeâ_n imperium_fw-la item_n nâc_fw-la multò_fw-la fortius_fw-la superiorem_fw-la nec_fw-la potentiorem_fw-la habere_fw-la debeâ_n quia_fw-la sic_fw-la esset_fw-la inferior_a sibi_fw-la subjectis_fw-la &_o inferiores_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la f._n but_o pray_v read_v what_o immediate_o follow_v ipse_fw-la autem_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la sub_fw-la bomine_fw-la sed_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o sub_fw-la lâge_a quia_fw-la lex_fw-la facit_fw-la regem_fw-la attribuat_fw-la igitur_fw-la rex_fw-la legi_fw-la quod_fw-la lex_fw-la attribuit_fw-la ei_fw-la viz._n dominatiorem_fw-la &_o potestatem_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o âon_v lex_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v subject_a or_o inferior_a to_o no_o particular_a private_a man_n yet_o that_o he_o have_v a_o superior_a or_o master_n within_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o god_n and_o the_o law_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n appear_v by_o a_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n 16._o in_o the_o second_o book_n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la deum_fw-la item_n legem_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la item_n curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la viz._n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n quia_fw-la comites_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la quasi_fw-la sociè_fw-fr regis_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la habet_fw-la socium_fw-la habet_fw-la magistrum_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sinâ_n froena_fw-la i._n e._n lego_n debent_fw-la ei_fw-la froenum_fw-la ponere_fw-la from_o which_o word_n it_o seem_v apparent_a to_o i_o that_o this_o author_n think_v the_o king_n be_v not_o only_o inferior_a to_o the_o law_n but_o be_v also_o to_o his_o court_n of_o parliament_n call_v here_o curia_n baronââ_n who_o may_v bridle_n or_o restrain_v he_o if_o he_o transgrese_v the_o law_n which_o be_v here_o call_v the_o king_n briale_a nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v how_o this_o can_v be_v do_v without_o some_o kind_n of_o force_n or_o constraint_n if_o he_o refuse_v to_o receive_v this_o bridle_n they_o will_v lay_v upon_o he_o m._n i_o do_v not_o desire_v at_o this_o time_n to_o enter_v upon_o this_o question_n concern_v that_o power_n which_o i_o know_v some_o parliament_n have_v pretend_v too_o of_o cââbing_v and_o resist_v the_o king_n by_o force_n if_o they_o suppose_v he_o invade_v the_o fundamental_a right_n and_o lâbârâies_n as_o they_o call_v they_o of_o the_o nation_n and_o that_o foâ_n two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v not_o pertinent_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n of_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n as_o also_o because_o you_o very_o well_o know_v that_o both_o house_n do_v in_o 13_o car._n 2._o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v the_o militia_n solemn_o renounce_v all_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o king_n or_o any_o right_n in_o either_o or_o both_o of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o make_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a war_n against_o he_o but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n hereafter_o to_o course_n further_o on_o this_o subject_a i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v to_o you_o from_o divers_a other_o passage_n out_o of_o bracton_n 41._o and_o that_o old_a treatise_n call_v fleta_n that_o it_o be_v no_o political_a superiority_n in_o the_o curia_fw-la baronum_fw-la but_o only_o a_o directive_n power_n or_o moral_a superiority_n which_o they_o have_v of_o advertise_v the_o king_n of_o any_o arbitrary_a proceed_v or_o injustice_n he_o shall_v happen_v to_o do_v and_o by_o complaint_n admonition_n and_o entreat_v to_o impose_v upon_o he_o to_o amend_v the_o same_o according_a to_o his_o oath_n but_o not_o by_o coaction_n or_o constraint_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n they_o may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o moral_a way_n to_o put_v the_o bridle_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o he_o which_o may_v be_v call_v civil_a resistance_n but_o as_o for_o military_a resistance_n against_o a_o unjust_a king_n it_o be_v as_o inconsistent_a with_o our_o english_a government_n as_o with_o any_o other_o monarchy_n in_o the_o world_n but_o you_o very_o much_o mistake_v if_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o supreme_a 29._o because_o he_o be_v limit_v by_o law_n which_o rea_o be_v no_o objection_n because_o a_o sovereign_n without_o any_o diminution_n to_o his_o sovereignty_n may_v be_v limit_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n either_o by_o his_o own_o act_n or_o condescension_n or_o else_o by_o those_o of_o his_o predecessor_n under_o who_o he_o claim_v this_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v no_o supreme_a power_n in_o heaven_n or_o in_o earth_n which_o be_v not_o limit_v and_o confine_v in_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o thus_o the_o omnipotent_a power_n of_o god_n himself_o be_v limit_v by_o his_o own_o wisdom_n goodness_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v himself_o so_o likewise_o the_o power_n of_o all_o absolute_a unlimited_a monarch_n be_v only_o so_o comparative_o with_o respect_n to_o positive_a law_n but_o as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n which_o
from_o that_o of_o hereditary_a succession_n which_o mat._n paris_n be_v long_o since_o aware_a of_o 941._o when_o write_v of_o this_o king_n he_o say_v rex_fw-la anglâae_fw-la ex_fw-la conquestu_fw-la dicitur_fw-la tameâ_n quod_fw-la beatus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la co_fw-la quod_fw-la haerede_fw-la caruit_fw-la regnum_fw-la legaviâ_n willielmo_n bastardo_n duci_fw-la normannorum_fw-la conquestus_fw-la with_o who_o sir_n henry_n spellman_n in_o his_o glossary_n agree_v willielmus_fw-la primus_fw-la conquestor_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quia_fw-la angliam_fw-la conquisivit_fw-la i._n e._n acquisivit_fw-la purchase_v âon_v quod_fw-la subegit_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n conquest_n write_v thus_o conquestus_fw-la signifyes_n land_n quiâilk_n any_o person_n acquiriâ_n and_o possessâs_n privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la vel_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la oliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o or_o no_o the_o latin_a version_n of_o these_o word_n apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n dâ_n la_o verre_n post_fw-la subactam_fw-la tetram_fw-la be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o french_a original_a and_o be_v not_o rather_o the_o version_n of_o some_o clerk_n or_o monk_n who_o live_v long_o after_o but_o whether_o these_o law_n be_v not_o intend_v as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o english_a as_o norman_a subject_n i_o appeal_v to_o this_o title_n itself_o though_o you_o have_v omit_v part_n of_o it_o twisden_n hae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la quas_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la concessit_fw-la vniverso_fw-la populo_fw-la angliae_fw-la post_fw-la subactam_fw-la terram_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o english_a be_v none_o of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n these_o law_n be_v as_o well_o intend_v for_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o and_o i_o appeal_v to_o that_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n you_o have_v now_o quote_v whether_o or_o no_o it_o do_v not_o begin_v omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suit_n francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la by_o which_o word_n certain_o the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o norman_n have_v a_o interest_n in_o those_o law_n and_o privilege_n therein_o grant_v i_o mention_v this_o only_a by_o the_o by_o in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o i_o be_o chief_o concern_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a legislative_a power_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o as_o this_o kingdom_n be_v a_o limit_a monarchy_n so_o it_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o monarch_n that_o all_o law_n and_o constitution_n shall_v run_v in_o his_o name_n and_o be_v often_o say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o he_o though_o in_o a_o political_a or_o legal_a sense_n they_o can_v not_o be_v make_v without_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o as_o of_o all_z other_o his_o successor_n i_o need_v quote_v only_o the_o 55_o the_o 170._o law_n of_o this_o king_n in_o these_o word_n prout_n statuâum_fw-la est_fw-la eye_n scil_n liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la à _fw-la nobis_fw-la datum_fw-la &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regâi_fw-la ââstri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o king_n can_v not_o then_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o though_o he_o may_v do_v many_o arbitrary_a and_o illegal_a thing_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o old_a english_a liberty_n yet_o this_o be_v no_o more_o his_o right_n nor_o any_o more_o to_o be_v quote_v as_o a_o precedent_n than_o his_o seize_v upon_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n land_n and_o violent_o take_v away_o the_o plaâe_n out_o of_o church_n and_o monastery_n as_o historian_n tell_v we_o he_o do_v can_v give_v he_o a_o right_n to_o they_o i_o have_v not_o much_o to_o observe_v upon_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n rufus_n since_o we_o have_v none_o of_o his_o law_n leave_v we_o if_o ever_o he_o make_v any_o but_o thus_o much_o we_o plain_o find_v from_o the_o historian_n and_o especial_o eadmerus_n that_o he_o call_v divor_n great_a council_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o kingdom_n especial_o about_o his_o difference_n with_o anselm_n who_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o can_v not_o condemn_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o this_o great_a council_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o w._n malmsbury_n and_o mat._n paris_n that_o he_o be_v elect_v and_o crown_v king_n by_o the_o common_a suffrage_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n and_o certain_o that_o council_n who_o voteâ_n can_v make_v a_o king_n be_v also_o necessary_a to_o all_o such_o law_n as_o he_o be_v to_o make_v and_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v that_o this_o charter_n of_o his_o be_v make_v in_o a_o great_a council_n and_o it_o appear_v in_o mat._n paris_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o king_n publish_v by_o mr._n lambard_n 62._o thaâ_n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n baron_n earl_n viscount_n or_o sheriffâ_n optimates_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regâi_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v witness_n to_o this_o charter_n and_o i_o can_v tell_v you_o of_o a_o very_a ancient_a archiepiscopo_fw-la charter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o recite_v that_o those_o law_n be_v make_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la it_o be_v usual_a in_o succeed_a age_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o our_o english_a king_n to_o confirm_v make_v and_o ordain_v law_n de_fw-fr assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la i._n e._n the_o 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point_n namely_o that_o the_o king_n his_o nobility_n and_o commons_o do_v ordain_v and_o enact_v the_o same_o and_o which_o be_v more_o if_o you_o shall_v find_v any_o act_n of_o parliament_n seem_v to_o pass_n under_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n only_o as_o there_o be_v some_o that_o have_v that_o show_v indeed_o yet_o you_o must_v not_o by_o and_o by_o judge_n that_o it_o be_v establish_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o other_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o insinuation_n rather_o than_o argument_n against_o the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o expression_n be_v it_o enact_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v it_o enact_v by_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o which_o bear_v so_o hard_o upon_o you_o to_o prove_v that_o these_o last_o have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislative_a that_o they_o be_v introduce_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n vi_o and_o vii_o two_o usurper_n and_o but_o in_o the_o nonage_n of_o the_o former_a i_o think_v i_o 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which_o will_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v long_o together_o without_o fall_v into_o perpetual_a quarrel_n and_o dispute_v about_o the_o encroachment_n upon_o each_o other_o power_n and_o privilege_n but_o it_o appear_v as_o well_o by_o the_o whole_a tenor_n of_o our_o law_n as_o also_o by_o divers_a express_a statute_n that_o the_o king_n be_v the_o sole_a supreme_a or_o consequent_o the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n the_o first_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o the_o common_a indictment_n of_o treason_n murder_n felony_n etc._n etc._n which_o run_v always_o encounter_v la_fw-fr corone_n &_o la_fw-fr dignity_n de_fw-fr roy_fw-fr and_o the_o process_n against_o such_o offence_n be_v call_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n because_o they_o be_v against_o the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o dignity_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o which_o be_v violate_v but_o the_o dignity_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o 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the_o people_n than_o make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n m._n pray_v sir_n 4._o will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o question_n one_o by_o one_o as_o you_o go_v for_o fear_v i_o shall_v not_o only_o forget_v they_o but_o also_o tire_v you_o with_o too_o long_a a_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v to_o suppose_v that_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgar_a whereas_o when_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v use_v together_o in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n or_o laity_n and_o not_o the_o common_a people_n for_o then_o the_o lord_n or_o great_a man_n will_v have_v be_v quite_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o council_n as_o certain_o they_o 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huntingdon_n who_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a have_v see_v the_o ancient_a history_n and_o record_n of_o those_o time_n and_o they_o both_o agree_v in_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o deposition_n of_o sigebert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n for_o tyranny_n and_o cruelty_n anno._n 754._o the_o word_n be_v remarkable_a which_o pray_v read_v unde_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la secundo_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regni_fw-la congregati_fw-la sunt_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o populi_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o provida_fw-la deliberatione_n &_o unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la expulsus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o regno_fw-la &_o kinewulfus_fw-la satus_fw-la ex_fw-la regio_fw-la sanguine_fw-la electus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v a_o plain_a difference_n make_v between_o the_o high_a nobility_n here_o call_v proceres_fw-la and_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o people_n here_o style_v populi_n as_o also_o from_o another_o authority_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v under_o the_o same_o king_n aethelbert_n as_o it_o be_v mention_v by_o roger_n hoveden_n domestic_a to_o king_n hen._n ii_o in_o the_o 2d_o part_n of_o his_o annal_n where_o among_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edw._n the_o confessor_n and_o which_o he_o write_v to_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o king_n william_n i._o you_o will_v find_v under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr aptbââs_n &_o de_fw-fr aliis_fw-la minutis_fw-la decimis_fw-la which_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o former_a king_n and_o particular_o by_o this_o king_n ethelbert_n these_o word_n haec_fw-la entân_fw-la sanctus_n ãâã_d praedicavit_fw-la &_o docuât_v &_o haec_fw-la concessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la a_o rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la so_o that_o it_o populusâere_o âere_z do_v not_o signify_v a_o order_n of_o man_n contradistinct_a from_o the_o baron_n or_o great_a lord_n it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o tautology_n with_o a_o witness_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v if_o this_o authority_n you_o now_o urge_v have_v be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o time_n to_o which_o it_o be_v ascribe_v it_o will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n but_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o word_n baronibus_fw-la not_o use_v in_o england_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o after_o that_o time_n by_o some_o ignorant_a monk_n to_o the_o confessor_n law_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o prove_v that_o for_o which_o you_o bring_v it_o viz._n that_o the_o vulâââ_n understand_v for_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o this_o be_v but_o the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o law_n make_v by_o king_n aethelbert_n 298._o but_o how_o and_o by_o what_o word_n the_o legislator_n be_v express_v near_o 500_o year_n after_o the_o law_n be_v make_v or_o how_o they_o be_v render_v in_o latin_a after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n transient_o and_o without_o design_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o they_o can_v be_v of_o much_o validity_n to_o prove_v who_o they_o be_v and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edw._n be_v make_v or_o at_o least_o translate_v into_o norman_a latin_a after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n appear_v by_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la beside_o barones_n already_o mention_v militeâ_n servientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o norman_a word_n and_o not_o know_v here_o till_o their_o come_n hither_o he_o that_o will_v assert_v any_o thing_n from_o a_o single_a uncouth_a expression_n in_o one_o case_n and_o upon_o one_o occasion_n only_o bring_v but_o a_o slender_a proof_n for_o that_o he_o say_v so_o will_n any_o man_n think_v because_o it_o be_v say_v in_o one_o of_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o perhaps_o no_o where_o else_o concern_v this_o king_n coronation_n quod_fw-la debet_fw-la in_o propria_fw-la persona_fw-la ââam_fw-la regno_fw-la &_o sacerdotio_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la jurare_fw-la ante_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la &_o episcopis_fw-la regni_fw-la coronetur_fw-la that_o the_o priest_n be_v not_o clergyman_n nor_o the_o clergyman_n priest_n and_o that_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n be_v neither_o many_o other_o uncoath_a expression_n do_v often_o occur_v in_o the_o old_a monk_n which_o be_v to_o be_v interpret_v according_a to_o the_o common_a usage_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v deliver_v and_o therefore_o see_v before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n and_o for_o two_o or_o near_o three_o century_n of_o year_n afterward_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v be_v not_o call_v nor_o do_v come_v to_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o those_o time_n so_o that_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v here_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n and_o by_o populus_fw-la the_o communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o which_o be_v then_o all_o one_o the_o communitas_fw-la baronum_fw-la the_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v
dispute_v the_o matter_n far_o with_o you_o concern_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la since_o i_o shall_v refer_v speak_v more_o about_o it_o till_o i_o come_v to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n and_o therefore_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n have_v you_o but_o read_v a_o little_a far_o in_o the_o same_o leaf_n in_o the_o author_n you_o have_v cite_v you_o may_v have_v find_v who_o they_o be_v who_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a call_v to_o this_o council_n the_o word_n be_v these_o edwardus_fw-la rex_fw-la synodum_fw-la praedictam_fw-la nobilium_fw-la anglorum_fw-la congregavit_fw-la cui_fw-la presidebat_fw-la plegmundus_n 7._o here_o your_o own_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o few_o word_n the_o meaning_n of_o a_o long_a title_n of_o this_o synod_n now_o mention_v viz._n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n fideles_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la be_v all_o nobiles_fw-la nobleman_n that_o be_v the_o ecclesiastic_n and_o lay_v or_o the_o bishop_n and_o lay-nobility_n as_o i_o shall_v make_v more_o evident_a hereafter_o and_o not_o the_o vulgus_fw-la commons_o or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o to_o this_o effect_n malmsbury_n and_o the_o manuscript_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n cite_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n and_o mr._n somner_n from_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o record_n and_o evidence_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n cite_v by_o sir_n h._n spelman_n do_v all_o report_n of_o this_o very_a council_n that_o edwardus_fw-la rex_fw-la congregavit_fw-la synodum_fw-la senatorum_fw-la gentis_fw-la angloâââ_n cui_fw-la prasidebat_fw-la plegmundus_n etc._n etc._n that_o king_n edward_n convene_v a_o synod_n of_o the_o senator_n in_o the_o saxon_a alderman_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n that_o be_v such_o as_o be_v usual_o call_v to_o such_o council_n which_o be_v only_o the_o noble_n and_o great_a man_n for_o aught_o yet_o appear_v from_o this_o instance_n but_o what_o if_o after_o all_o there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o synod_n call_v and_o consequent_o no_o such_o title_n to_o it_o for_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v assemble_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o chide_a letter_n from_o pope_n formosus_fw-la now_o this_o formosus_fw-la die_v anno_fw-la 895._o that_o be_v ten_o year_n before_o this_o council_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v call_v f._n i_o see_v this_o authority_n gall_v you_o therefore_o i_o do_v not_o blame_v you_o to_o do_v what_o you_o can_v to_o be_v rid_v of_o it_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o give_v it_o up_o for_o all_o that_o for_o that_o this_o word_n populorum_fw-la then_o signify_v all_o the_o lay-person_n who_o be_v actual_o nobleman_n that_o be_v of_o the_o great_a nobility_n i_o think_v be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v all_o these_o different_a word_n here_o heap_v together_o since_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la have_v donâ_n as_o well_o alone_o in_o your_o sense_n and_o at_o once_o comprehend_v all_o those_o lordâ_n or_o nobleman_n that_o you_o will_v only_o have_v to_o be_v there_o but_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la do_v not_o in_o those_o time_n neither_o do_v at_o this_o day_n in_o any_o other_o country_n but_o england_n signify_v none_o but_o great_a lord_n baron_n or_o peer_n since_o in_o germany_n and_o france_n and_o other_o country_n every_o private_a gentleman_n be_v nobilis_fw-la and_o i_o think_v the_o middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z may_v then_o as_o well_o be_v call_v nobiles_fw-la as_o the_o great_a one_o and_o the_o alderman_n or_o other_o magistrate_n of_o great_a city_n and_o town_n may_v also_o very_o well_o be_v style_v nobiles_fw-la ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la for_o the_o time_n they_o act_v in_o that_o employment_n and_o may_v also_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o senator_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a alderman_n or_o earl_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o lay-man_n but_o your_o great_a sort_n of_o alderman_n than_o what_o become_v of_o your_o chief_n or_o king_n thanes_z which_o you_o yourself_o grant_v be_v constant_a member_n of_o those_o council_n nor_o indeed_o do_v the_o word_n senator_n only_o signify_v such_o who_o be_v nobleman_n by_o birth_n since_o among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v senator_n of_o the_o plebeian_n as_o well_o as_o patrician_n order_n as_o any_o man_n who_o have_v but_o read_v lucius_n florus_n may_v quick_o see_v but_o as_o for_o your_o exception_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o council_n because_o pope_n formosus_fw-la be_v say_v to_o have_v die_v ten_o year_n before_o this_o council_n be_v call_v it_o be_v a_o bold_a assertion_n to_o annihilate_v a_o whole_a council_n because_o of_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o date_n or_o time_n of_o its_o meeting_n or_o perhaps_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o pope_n or_o king_n then_o reign_v especial_o when_o it_o be_v assemble_v upon_o so_o remarkable_a a_o occasion_n as_o the_o erect_n of_o these_o new_a bishopric_n which_o all_o our_o historian_n ascribe_v to_o this_o council_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o another_o authority_n and_o that_o be_v to_o the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n hold_v at_o winchester_n anno_fw-la 853._o where_o you_o will_v find_v in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n 350._o as_o also_o in_o ingulphus_n history_n that_o after_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o other_o great_a man_n or_o thanes_z who_o subscribe_v to_o the_o law_n of_o tithe_n grant_v by_o way_n of_o charter_n there_o mention_v wherein_o these_o follow_a party_n be_v mention_v aliorumque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la regium_fw-la chirographum_fw-la laudaverunt_fw-la dignitates_fw-la verò_fw-la sua_fw-la nomina_fw-la subscripserunt_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a commentator_n upon_o king_n alfred_n life_n publish_v in_o latin_a at_o oxford_n be_v so_o well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o expression_n that_o he_o have_v this_o remarkable_a observation_n upon_o this_o king_n be_v grant_v of_o these_o tithe_n bis_z videtur_fw-la rex_fw-la decimas_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la concessisse_fw-la primum_fw-la anno_fw-la 844_o &_o 2_o vero_fw-la 855._o vel_fw-la ut_fw-la alii_fw-la 854_o è_fw-la tota_fw-la region_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la assensu_fw-la omnium_fw-la nobilium_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la populi_n where_o this_o author_n right_o suppose_v that_o the_o word_n at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o council_n do_v comprehend_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o nobleman_n or_o else_o this_o recite_v of_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o distinct_a from_o the_o nobiles_fw-la have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a so_o that_o though_o i_o do_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o mere_a vulgar_a or_o plebeian_n sort_n of_o people_n do_v appear_v personal_o in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v now_o yet_o they_o be_v there_o by_o their_o representative_n viz._n either_o by_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o now_o or_o else_o the_o chief_a thanes_z or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o also_o by_o the_o alderman_n or_o chief_a burgess_n of_o great_a city_n and_o town_n who_o i_o suppose_v do_v then_o represent_v those_o politic_a body_n since_o all_o man_n can_v not_o appear_v there_o in_o person_n but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n viz._n archbishop_n parker_n british_n antiquity_n 87._o where_o when_o he_o relate_v the_o call_n of_o the_o council_n of_o calne_n for_o the_o turn_n of_o marry_a priest_n out_o of_o monastery_n and_o cathedral_n church_n and_o put_v monk_n into_o their_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o a_o remarkable_a accident_n that_o then_o happen_v viz._n the_o fall_v down_o of_o the_o room_n where_o the_o council_n be_v assemble_v so_o that_o there_o fall_v together_o all_o of_o a_o sudden_a pray_v take_v the_o word_n themselves_o out_o of_o the_o author_n there_o cite_v praesules_fw-la proceres_fw-la equites_fw-la nobiles_fw-la pariter_fw-la &_o ignobiles_fw-la corruerunt_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o be_v other_o sort_n of_o man_n present_a in_o this_o council_n beside_o the_o prasules_a i._n e._n bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o the_o proceres_fw-la i._n e._n the_o earl_n and_o chief_a thanes_z viz._n the_o knight_n or_o inferior_a thanes_z noblemen_z or_o gentleman_n as_o also_o ignobiles_fw-la those_o that_o be_v not_o noble_a by_o birth_n such_o as_o be_v the_o representative_n of_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n the_o archbishop_n himself_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o relation_n he_o make_v this_o remark_n sed_fw-la nec_fw-la huius_fw-la domus_fw-la in_o quâ_n ãâã_d ordinum_fw-la tam_fw-la conspicui_fw-la clarique_fw-la viri_fw-la consulto_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la tam_fw-la repentina_fw-la ruiâââpe_fw-la diabolica_fw-la career_n potuit_fw-la where_o by_o omnium_fw-la ordinum_fw-la he_o must_v certain_o mean_v the_o three_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o the_o word_n ordines_fw-la be_v use_v by_o camden_n and_o other_o latin_a writer_n who_o call_v our_o parliament_n conventus_fw-la ordinum_fw-la that_o
be_v the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o authority_n before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o all_o the_o person_n who_o the_o historian_n relate_v to_o have_v perish_v by_o this_o fall_n of_o the_o council_n chamber_n to_o have_v be_v all_o of_o they_o actual_a member_n of_o that_o assembly_n since_o there_o may_v have_v be_v there_o divers_a person_n who_o though_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n may_v have_v be_v present_v auditor_n or_o looker_n on_o it_o not_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o hold_v those_o council_n so_o private_o as_o we_o do_v now_o so_o that_o divers_a of_o the_o common_a or_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v here_o ignobiles_fw-la and_o perhaps_o of_o the_o inferior_a gentry_n too_o be_v there_o may_v all_o partake_v of_o this_o common_a ruin_n and_o so_o pay_v dear_a for_o their_o needless_a curiosity_n f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o do_v not_o assent_v to_o your_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o i_o can_v believe_v unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o very_o good_a authority_n for_o it_o that_o ever_o the_o common_a people_n or_o vulgus_fw-la in_o the_o sense_n you_o take_v they_o be_v let_v in_o only_a to_o gaze_v at_o such_o assembly_n for_o what_o room_n can_v have_v contain_v so_o great_a a_o crowd_n and_o if_o they_o be_v in_o those_o day_n so_o great_a slave_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n please_v to_o make_v they_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o crowd_n into_o the_o great_a council_n then_o any_o more_o than_o now_o when_o you_o allow_v they_o more_o liberty_n and_o great_a privilege_n than_o they_o then_o enjoy_v and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o may_v very_o well_o stick_v to_o the_o arch-bishop_n opinion_n who_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n who_o be_v all_o involve_a in_o this_o ruin_n but_o let_v this_o pass_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v you_o a_o authority_n of_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v under_o king_n ethelred_n which_o will_v farther_o confirm_v our_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la which_o council_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o one_a volume_n of_o monasticââ_n anglic_n contain_v a_o concession_n and_o confirmation_n of_o divers_a privilege_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o wolverhampton_n in_o these_o word_n 2._o haec_fw-la decreta_fw-la sunt_fw-la sigerich_n archiepiscopi_fw-la in_o placito_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la ethelredo_fw-la &_o eboracensi_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la britanniâ_n seu_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la ducibus_fw-la &_o popâlo_fw-la terrae_fw-la where_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o the_o populus_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v here_o put_v as_o a_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n aforego_v to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o danish_a invasion_n and_o the_o 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to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n it_o be_v thus_o recite_v ego_fw-la cnut_n rex_fw-la totius_fw-la albionis_fw-la insulae_fw-la &_o aliarum_fw-la nationum_fw-la plurâmarum_fw-la in_fw-la cathedra_fw-la regali_fw-la promotus_fw-la cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la eligi_fw-la sanciend_n whence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o under_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v other_o person_n of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n or_o order_n to_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o earl_n there_o mention_v and_o these_o can_v mean_v no_o other_o than_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o who_o i_o have_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o these_o council_n m._n i_o can_v believe_v you_o have_v yet_o prove_v it_o for_o though_o i_o have_v hitherto_o omit_v to_o give_v you_o my_o thought_n of_o this_o word_n 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year_n of_o age_n must_v have_v be_v there_o in_o person_n which_o will_v have_v be_v a_o pretty_a large_a assembly_n and_o such_o a_o multitude_n as_o no_o one_o place_n can_v have_v contain_v they_o f._n if_o what_o dr._n b._n in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o norman_a history_n pag._n 157._o as_o also_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n pag._n 20._o be_v true_a 156._o that_o fendal_n tenor_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n though_o in_o other_o place_n he_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n then_o certain_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la must_v have_v be_v use_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o must_v have_v extend_v to_o all_o those_o who_o be_v bind_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n in_o the_o folk_n mote_n or_o county_n court_n as_o they_o do_v long_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o aught_o to_o do_v so_o still_o if_o require_v and_o therefore_o this_o word_n fideles_fw-la can_v be_v then_o no_o more_o limit_v to_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o that_o time_n than_o it_o be_v now_o who_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o can_v not_o all_o be_v present_a in_o the_o great_a council_n in_o person_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v there_o by_o their_o delegate_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o who_o may_v also_o consist_v of_o far_o great_a number_n than_o they_o now_o do_v since_o we_o find_v in_o the_o council_n of_o winchester_n but_o now_o mention_v that_o after_o the_o duke_n earls_z and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v also_o add_v aliorâmque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o great_a multitude_n sure_o must_v have_v signify_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o chief_a thanes_z or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z or_o else_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la may_v very_o well_o have_v comprehend_v all_o the_o degree_n of_o layman_n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o by_o some_o better_a authority_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o word_n fideles_fw-la
of_o walter_n of_o coventry_n 9o._o hen._n 3._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1225._o cotton_n you_o will_v find_v these_o word_n purificatione_n beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la convocantur_fw-la apud_fw-la london_n proceres_fw-la angliae_fw-la ibique_fw-la tractatu_fw-la habito_fw-la diffusiore_fw-la cum_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la convocato_fw-la rex_fw-la concessit_fw-la libertates_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la quam_fw-la regni_fw-la quam_fw-la forestae_fw-la sicut_fw-la cartae_fw-la suae_fw-la inde_fw-la confectae_fw-la &_o singulis_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la liberatae_fw-la plenius_fw-la testantur_fw-la ibidemque_fw-la contessa_n domino_fw-la regi_fw-la a_o comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la quintadecima_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la praeterquam_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v mat._n paris_n in_o his_o history_n of_o this_o year_n relate_v it_o thus_o 223._o rex_fw-la hen._n ad_fw-la natale_fw-la tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm._fw-la praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la igitur_fw-la ut_fw-la decebat_fw-la completa_fw-la hubertus_n de_fw-fr burgo_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la regis_fw-la proposuit_fw-la coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la universis_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o to_o give_v you_o the_o rest_n in_o english_a the_o king_n here_o demand_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o all_o their_o movable_a good_n upon_o which_o the_o party_n above_o mention_v with_o one_o accord_n answer_v that_o they_o will_v willing_o yield_v to_o the_o king_n desire_n if_o he_o will_v confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n to_o which_o the_o king_n have_v assent_v and_o seal_v they_o they_o grant_v the_o say_a supply_n from_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o as_o all_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la so_o must_v by_o a_o like_a parity_n of_o reason_n the_o commons_o be_v under_o populus_fw-la or_o else_o it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o idle_a tautology_n when_o it_o be_v put_v as_o it_o be_v here_o distinct_a from_o magnates_n now_o though_o there_o be_v no_o other_o person_n express_o mention_v by_o these_o two_o historian_n to_o have_v be_v at_o this_o parliament_n of_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n comprehend_v by_o they_o under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o proceres_fw-la populus_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o do_v but_o read_v the_o conclusion_n to_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o 9th_o hen._n 3._o and_o you_o will_v find_v that_o beside_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n there_o be_v also_o present_a the_o knight_n freeholder_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o at_o large_a when_o i_o come_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o charter_n as_o a_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n 3._o so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o fines_n make_v 27_o edward_n 1._o be_v ordain_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la concilio_n regni_fw-la and_o yet_o no_o mention_n make_v either_o of_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o and_o yet_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o 9_o year_n after_o the_o 18_o of_o that_o king_n since_o which_o time_n the_o dr._n himself_o acknowledge_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v always_o represent_v in_o parliament_n as_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o yet_o mat._n westminster_n speak_v of_o this_o parliament_n mention_n its_o order_n only_o in_o general_a word_n thus_o dominica_n secunda_fw-la quadragesima_fw-la citatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la and_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v there_o so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o conclude_v from_o the_o general_a and_o equivocal_a expression_n either_o of_o ancient_a statute_n or_o historian_n that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o in_o parliament_n because_o not_o particular_o mention_v i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a kind_a but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o use_v you_o make_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o mat._n paris_n as_o to_z the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n magnate_v yet_o that_o all_o those_o historian_n that_o write_v immediate_o before_o or_o after_o he_o and_o continue_v his_o history_n do_v frequent_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n magnates_n &_o primate_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v the_o testimony_n of_o two_o approve_a author_n the_o first_o be_v thomas_n walsingham_n in_o his_o history_n of_o england_n who_o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1313._o 6_o edw._n 2._o have_v these_o word_n recedâns_n rex_fw-la de_fw-la berewici_fw-la partibus_fw-la pervenit_fw-la eboracum_n ubi_fw-la magnum_fw-la ãâã_d clero_fw-la tenuit_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la universis_fw-la so_o likewise_o mat._n of_o westminster_n in_o his_o flores_n histor._n in_o the_o 24_o of_o edw._n 1._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1296._o relate_v a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o st._n edmondsbury_n at_o which_o appear_v primate_fw-la ac_fw-la magnates_fw-la svi_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o quibus_fw-la novum_fw-la tallagium_fw-la postulavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n out_o of_o this_o author_n but_o i_o fear_v lest_o i_o shall_v tire_v you_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o hen._n de_fw-fr knighton_n in_o his_o history_n de_fw-fr eventibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la where_o in_o 9_o hen._n 3._o he_o thus_o speak_v concern_v this_o king_n be_v grant_v the_o great_a charter_n post_fw-la haec_fw-la rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la concessis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la terra_fw-la dvas_fw-la chartas_fw-la unam_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n &_o aliam_fw-la de_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la ob_fw-la quam_fw-la causam_fw-la commune_v regni_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la quintam_fw-la decimam_fw-la partem_fw-la mobilium_fw-la &_o immobiliâm_n from_o all_o which_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o time_n when_o this_o author_n write_v it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o this_o term_n magnate_v comprehend_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o likewise_o suppose_v the_o commons_o who_o he_o here_o call_v commune_v to_o have_v have_v a_o principal_a share_n not_o only_o in_o the_o pay_n but_o grant_v this_o great_a tax_n and_o forth_o far_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v see_v what_o vv._n malmesbury_n say_v in_o his_o history_n when_o recite_v the_o speech_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n than_o the_o pope_n legate_n speak_v of_o the_o londoner_n have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n londinenses_n quì_n praecipui_fw-la habebantur_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it sicut_fw-la proceres_fw-la so_o that_o if_o the_o chief_a citizen_n of_o that_o famous_a city_n be_v reckon_v sicut_fw-la proceres_fw-la sure_o those_o they_o choose_v to_o represent_v they_o in_o parliament_n may_v much_o better_o deserve_v that_o title_n and_o thus_o likewise_o walsingham_n in_o his_o history_n in_o the_o 17_o of_o edw._n 2._o tell_v we_o that_o he_o summon_v to_o a_o parliament_n at_o london_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o praelatos_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la de_fw-la variis_fw-la regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la but_o in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o very_a year_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o expensis_fw-la militum_fw-la dorso_fw-la that_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o as_o as_o well_o the_o lord_n so_o that_o you_o see_v they_o be_v all_o then_o comprehend_v by_o our_o historian_n under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o proceru_n regni_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la &_o nobilitas_fw-la walsingham_n 5_o edw._n 2._o give_v we_o this_o account_n post_v natale_n dominicum_fw-la convenit_fw-la universa_fw-la multitudo_fw-la regni_fw-la nobilium_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la londoniis_fw-la now_o what_o be_v here_o mean_v by_o this_o multitudo_fw-la nobilium_fw-la may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o parliamentary_a writ_n of_o this_o year_n vv._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o this_o year_n wherein_o there_o be_v writ_n of_o summons_n for_o the_o commons_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o that_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v often_o style_v noble_a in_o latter_a time_n appear_v by_o a_o speech_n record_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o parliament_n seven_o of_o rich._n 2._o to_o be_v speak_v by_o sir_n mich._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pool_n 1._o than_o lord_n chancellor_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o which_o begin_v thus_o ydist_n vous_fw-fr i._n e._n i_o say_v to_o you_o messeurs_n prelate_n &_o signior_n temporelx_n &_o vous_fw-fr mes_fw-fr compaignon_n les_fw-fr chivaler_n &_o autres_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr noble_a common_a de_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o word_n be_v then_o use_v in_o this_o sense_n among_o civilian_n from_o who_o we_o derive_v most_o of_o our_o title_n of_o dignity_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o large_a work_n of_o barthol_n cassaanaeus_fw
call_v catalogus_fw-la gloriae_fw-la mundi_fw-la write_v on_o this_o subject_n where_o in_o his_o 8_o the_o part_n consid_n 18._o he_o have_v this_o among_o other_o comment_n on_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la etiam_fw-la causatur_fw-la ex_fw-la loco_fw-la quoniam_fw-la civis_fw-la ex_fw-la urbe_fw-la splendida_fw-la oriundus_fw-la nobilis_fw-la est_fw-la for_o which_o he_o there_o give_v many_o authority_n and_o this_o title_n he_o look_v upon_o as_o due_a also_o to_o country_n gentleman_n live_v upon_o the_o husbandry_n of_o their_o own_o estate_n or_o annual_a rent_n and_o that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v be_v often_o understand_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n common_o call_v in_o old_a french_a grantz_n des_fw-fr countees_n i_o can_v give_v you_o sufficient_a authority_n now_o this_o word_n magnates_n be_v always_o render_v in_o our_o old_a french_a by_o grantz_n 95._o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o rot._n claus._n 3_o e._n 2._o in_o 16._o dorso_fw-la you_o will_v find_v this_o title_n inhibitio_fw-la ne_fw-la qui_fw-la magnates_fw-la viz._n come_v baro_n miles_n ãâã_d abqua_fw-la alia_fw-la notabilis_fw-la persona_fw-la transeat_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n transmarinas_fw-la where_o you_o see_v the_o word_n magnates_n be_v apply_v to_o knight_n at_o least_o as_o well_o as_o earl_n and_o baron_n and_o among_o the_o common_a writ_n of_o michaelmas_n term_n anno_fw-la 34_o edw._n i._o in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o remembrancer_n of_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n and_o baron_n of_o cinque-port_n be_v call_v magnate_v so_o also_o in_o the_o statute_n 25_o e._n 3._o de_fw-la servientibus_fw-la it_o be_v there_o enact_v per_fw-la assent_n de_fw-fr les_fw-fr ditz_fw-fr prelatz_n countess_n ãâã_d &_o autres_fw-fr grandes_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr communalte_n illonques_fw-la assemblez_fw-fr also_o in_o the_o statute-book_n print_v in_o french_a in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o staple_n 27_o e._n 3._o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v express_o call_v grantz_n des_fw-fr counties_n and_o last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o superlative_a optimus_fw-la it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n in_o any_o commonwealth_n or_o city_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n 189._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n in_o his_o history_n speak_v of_o the_o rich_a citizen_n of_o london_n have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n londinenses_n qui_fw-la pro_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la civitatis_fw-la optimates_fw-la sunt_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a knight_n but_o also_o such_o citizen_n as_o be_v remarkable_a and_o eminent_a for_o their_o estate_n or_o office_n in_o city_n have_v the_o appellation_n of_o magnates_n appear_v from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n book_n 64._o keep_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n where_o in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1229._o be_v the_o 13_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o a_o act_n of_o common_a council_n be_v make_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la aldermanâaes_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatis_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la universorum_a civium_fw-la quod_fw-la nullo_n tempore_fw-la âermitterent_fw-la aliquem_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la admitti_fw-la in_o vicecomitem_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la annos_fw-la continuos_fw-la sicut_fw-la ãâã_d extiterant_fw-la so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o book_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1244._o 29._o h._n 3._o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o a_o dissension_n that_o then_o arise_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sheriff_n and_o the_o book_n say_v that_o quidam_fw-la de_fw-la vulgo_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la nichol._n bat._n per_fw-la assensum_fw-la majoris_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la elegerunt_fw-la adam_n de_fw-fr âently_fw-mi i_o can_v give_v you_o more_o of_o a_o like_a nature_n but_o i_o will_v not_o tire_v you_o but_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o eminent_a citizen_n of_o york_n and_o other_o city_n be_v call_v magnate_v in_o those_o time_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o not_o only_a knight_n of_o shirâ_n be_v style_v magnate_v but_o also_o the_o representative_n for_o the_o city_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a roll_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o other_o public_a write_n i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v thus_o long_o but_o i_o can_v not_o make_v a_o end_n soon_o and_o prove_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o these_o word_n in_o question_n from_o ancient_a historian_n act_n of_o parliament_n and_o record_n by_o which_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v be_v satisfy_v how_o unsafe_a it_o be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o general_a and_o various_a expression_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n especial_o as_o understand_v by_o those_o of_o yoââ_n opinion_n since_o if_o we_o shall_v depend_v upon_o they_o alone_o the_o commons_o will_v not_o oftentimes_o be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n even_o when_o the_o record_n themselves_o express_o prove_v they_o be_v there_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v make_v i_o think_v more_o on_o this_o subject_a than_o perhaps_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v do_v yet_o i_o must_v observe_v that_o most_o of_o the_o quotation_n you_o have_v make_v use_n of_o concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la magnates_fw-la and_o nobiles_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v from_o author_n who_o write_v after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o ãâã_d the_o commons_o as_o now_o represent_v to_o have_v be_v constant_o summon_v to_o parliament_n so_o that_o they_o may_v very_o well_o through_o haste_n or_o inadvertency_n confound_v they_o with_o the_o earl_n and_o lord_n and_o so_o style_v they_o by_o the_o same_o title_n for_o i_o will_v prove_v to_o you_o before_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o discourse_n by_o undeniable_a record_n that_o by_o the_o word_n magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la be_v understand_v the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o commons_o but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v sufficient_o prove_v from_o mat._n paris_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o our_o first_o norman_n king_n as_o also_o from_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n that_o by_o the_o word_n bartneâ_n iâ_n mean_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v there_o only_o mention_v to_o haâ_n constant_o appear_v in_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o e._n 1._o the_o great_a and_o less_o âââons_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la together_o with_o those_o of_o high_a degree_n viz._n the_o earl_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o represent_v the_o whoâe_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v ãâã_d evident_a and_o clear_a that_o i_o can_v quit_v this_o opinion_n without_o you_o can_v show_v ãâã_d better_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a than_o hitherto_o you_o have_v do_v f._n i_o see_v nothing_o will_v satisfy_v those_o who_o have_v once_o receive_v a_o prejudice_n ãâã_d otherwise_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v sufficient_o from_o that_o clause_n in_o magna_n chartâ_n i_o have_v mention_v that_o other_o person_n be_v there_o before_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n ãâã_d beside_o your_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o ãâã_d word_n you_o mention_v in_o historian_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o plain_a proof_n for_o i_o for_o if_o those_o historian_n do_v comprehend_v the_o common_a under_o those_o general_a word_n or_o phrase_n we_o have_v be_v now_o dispute_v about_o i_o deâsire_v to_o know_v why_o they_o may_v not_o have_v be_v likewise_o comprehend_v under_o thâ_n same_o term_n by_o mat._n paris_n and_o those_o other_o historian_n who_o write_v other_o historieâ_n from_o the_o norman_a conquest_n to_o his_o time_n and_o why_o thy_o might_n not_o have_v then_o conâfounded_v the_o commons_o with_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v afterward_o but_o since_o i_o see_v you_o insist_v so_o much_o upon_o your_o barones_n and_o tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la who_o you_o wiâ_n have_v alone_o to_o constitute_v the_o baronagium_n or_o the_o communitas_fw-la or_o universitas_fw-la barââgii_fw-la angliae_fw-la pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o a_o plain_a question_n be_v your_o lessâ_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o barones_n minores_fw-la lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n or_o be_v they_o commoner_n only_o m._n to_o give_v you_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n cap._n 5._o 708._o he_o suppose_v that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n to_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n john_n every_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n of_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v indifferent_o a_o honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n but_o that_o about_o the_o end_n of_o king_n john_n time_n some_o only_a that_o be_v most_o eminent_a of_o those_o tenant_n sometime_o style_v barones_n majores_fw-la regni_fw-la be_v summon_v by_o several_a writ_n direct_v to_o they_o as_o
in_o these_o two_o quotation_n since_o in_o that_o out_o of_o camden_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o he_o have_v true_o quote_v that_o author_n as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o first_o edition_n and_o if_o he_o afterwares_o alter_v it_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v question_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o add_v the_o word_n superiores_fw-la rather_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o displease_v the_o great_a nobility_n who_o that_o quotation_n have_v before_o shockt_v than_o out_o of_o any_o sense_n of_o his_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o out_o of_o a_o nameless_a manuscript_n author_n that_o henry_n iii_o out_o of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n of_o baron_n which_o be_v seditious_a and_o turbulent_a call_v the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o they_o only_o by_o writ_n to_o parliament_n by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o he_o suppose_v all_o those_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o no_o lord_n as_o now_o understand_v who_o be_v thus_o exclude_v to_o have_v be_v only_o nominal_a and_o not_o real_a baron_n and_o if_o so_o commoners_z or_o else_o he_o must_v extend_v the_o peerage_n of_o england_n to_o at_o least_o three_o or_o four_o thousand_o person_n for_o so_o many_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v very_o well_o be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o same_o i_o may_v likewise_o say_v as_o to_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o mr._n selden_n for_o by_o the_o word_n quibus_fw-la peculiaris_fw-la in_o ordinum_fw-la comitiis_fw-la locus_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v plain_a he_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v but_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o he_o no_o where_o affirm_v that_o none_o but_o these_o appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n for_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o that_o supposition_n since_o beside_o these_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 8._o bracton_n in_o his_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o of_o divers_a other_o order_n of_o man_n of_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n about_o the_o time_n when_o you_o suppose_v this_o marvellous_a alteration_n to_o have_v happen_v his_o word_n be_v these_o et_fw-la sub_fw-la iis_fw-la viz._n regibus_fw-la deuce_n comites_fw-la barones_n magnates_n sive_fw-la vavassores_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o villani_n &_o deversa_fw-la potestates_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la constitutae_fw-la and_o a_o little_a far_o sunt_fw-la &_o alti_fw-la potentes_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la barones_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la robur_n belli_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la qui_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la vavassores_fw-la viri_fw-la ãâã_d dignitatis_fw-la from_o which_o word_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o observe_v that_o he_o here_o make_v the_o magnates_n and_o the_o vavassores_fw-la or_o feudatory_a tenant_n to_o be_v all_o one_o and_o also_o rank_n they_o before_o the_o milites_fw-la now_o whether_o these_o vavassores_fw-la and_o milites_fw-la who_o do_v not_o all_o hold_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v man_n of_o so_o great_a dignity_n and_o power_n as_o these_o who_o he_o here_o reckon_v immediate_o after_o the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n shall_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o parliament_n neither_o by_o themselves_o nor_o their_o representative_n be_v altogether_o improbable_a and_o agreeable_a to_o this_o of_o bracton_n du_n fresne_n in_o his_o lexicon_n tit._n vavasor_n tell_v we_o 1262._o that_o vavassorum_fw-la duo_fw-la erant_fw-la ordines_fw-la sub_fw-la majorum_fw-la apellatione_fw-la implectuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la barones_n apellantur_fw-la sub_fw-la ânorum_fw-la vero_fw-la quos_fw-la vulgò_fw-la vavassores_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la henrici_fw-la i._n reg._n ang._n thaine_n minores_fw-la respectu_fw-la thainorum_fw-la majorum_fw-la qui_fw-la baronibus_fw-la aequiparantur_fw-la but_o that_o these_o lesser_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n be_v also_o style_v barones_n sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o express_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n baro_n 70._o etiam_fw-la barones_n comitum_fw-la procer_fw-la umque_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la barones_n subalterni_fw-la &_o baronum_n barones_n sâpissime_fw-la leguntur_fw-la and_o of_o this_o he_o give_v we_o many_o example_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o chief_a tenant_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o ramsey_n above_o mention_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o author_n a_o leaf_n or_o two_o far_a speak_v of_o the_o barones_n of_o london_n mention_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o understand_v they_o pro_fw-la civibus_fw-la praestantioribus_fw-la qui_fw-la socnas_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la i._n e._n curias_n habuerunt_fw-la &_o privilegia_fw-la eorum_fw-la instar_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la barones_n comitatus_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n nor_o do_v this_o title_n of_o barones_n extend_v to_o london_n alone_o but_o he_o also_o immediate_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n sic_fw-la barones_n de_fw-la ebaraco_n de_fw-fr cestria_n de_fw-la warwico_fw-la de_fw-mi so_o feversham_n &_o plurium_fw-la villaram_fw-la regiis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la insignium_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tum_fw-la in_fw-it gallia_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o baron_n of_o county_n be_v no_o more_o than_o lord_n of_o manor_n i_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v for_o socna_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr or_o court_n of_o a_o manor_n so_o that_o here_o arise_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o these_o lesser_a baron_n we_o now_o be_v here_o speak_v of_o call_v medmesse_n thegnes_fw-la and_o burgh_n thegnes_fw-la by_o the_o saxon_n till_o they_o ãâã_d on_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la to_o signify_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o though_o no_o peer_n yet_o be_v barones_n regni_fw-la baron_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o general_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n nobiles_fw-la in_o that_o age_n and_o be_v such_o make_v up_o the_o body_n of_o the_o baronage_n call_v by_o matt._n paris_n and_o other_o author_n baronagium_n or_o communitas_fw-la baronagit_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v you_o do_v all_o you_o can_v from_o the_o equivocal_a use_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n to_o crowd_n in_o new_a and_o unknown_a man_n into_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n your_o baron_n of_o county_n city_n and_o town_n who_o since_o you_o dare_v not_o affirm_v there_o be_v then_o any_o knight_n of_o shire_n you_o suppose_v to_o have_v serve_v instead_o of_o they_o and_o these_o you_o will_v have_v to_o be_v not_o barones_n regis_fw-la but_o regni_n or_o terrae_fw-la 161._o forsooth_o i._n e._n of_o the_o land_n or_o kingdom_n whereas_o we_o never_o have_v any_o true_a barones_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenor_n here_o in_o england_n this_o if_o you_o deny_v you_o must_v deny_v all_o history_n and_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o law-book_n too_o and_o if_o you_o grant_v it_o you_o must_v confess_v that_o every_o baron_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o your_o own_o concession_n he_o must_v then_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o baro_n regis_fw-la i_o grant_v indeed_o there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n such_o as_o you_o mention_v many_o in_o those_o time_n such_o as_o be_v tenant_n to_o great_a lord_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o who_o we_o find_v frequent_a mention_n in_o our_o ancient_a history_n record_n and_o charter_n but_o these_o be_v not_o the_o man_n who_o have_v ever_o any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o ever_o they_o appear_v there_o before_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v and_o i_o will_v also_o have_v you_o inform_v yourself_o of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n if_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o kind_n of_o tenure_n as_o tenura_n de_fw-fr terra_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr regno_fw-la or_o whether_o there_o be_v ever_o any_o man_n that_o hold_v a_o estate_n de_fw-fr regno_fw-la whether_o forfeiture_n or_o escheat_n be_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o whether_o fealty_n be_v swear_v or_o homage_n do_v to_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o a_o earl_n be_v invest_v or_o gird_v with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o county_n by_o the_o kingdom_n or_o whether_o the_o ancient_a ceremony_n use_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n be_v do_v by_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o thus_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v perform_v and_o do_v to_o our_o ancient_a king_n and_o by_o they_o which_o be_v most_o manifest_a note_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a jurisdiction_n over_o the_o baron_n and_o that_o they_o be_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o consequence_n his_o baron_n only_o which_o you_o can_v deny_v and_o of_o which_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o earl_n and_o great_a baron_n always_o create_v by_o investiture_n of_o robe_n or_o other_o ceremony_n be_v summon_v by_o particular_a write_n
and_o the_o other_o less_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o since_o the_o 17_o of_o king_n john_n be_v summon_v by_o one_o common_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n since_o which_o time_n if_o not_o some_o time_n before_o i_o grant_v these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o look_v upon_o as_o baron_n or_o peer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o do_v their_o vote_n in_o parliament_n still_o conclude_v and_o charge_v their_o tenant_n in_o the_o make_n and_o impose_v of_o tax_n or_o law_n which_o they_o alone_o together_o with_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a baron_n still_o perform_v until_o the_o time_n i_o assign_v f._n i_o see_v you_o be_v in_o a_o wood_n and_o do_v not_o know_v well_o under_o what_o class_n to_o rank_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o they_o be_v at_o first_o all_o lord_n or_o peer_n how_o can_v they_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o hundred_o or_o county_z court_n if_o they_o be_v mere_a commoner_n than_o there_o be_v commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o and_o why_o may_v not_o other_o as_o considerable_a commoner_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o you_o tell_v i_o that_o we_o never_o have_v any_o baron_n hold_v by_o mean_a tenure_n here_o in_o england_n this_o be_v plain_o equivocal_a for_o if_o you_o mean_v it_o of_o barony_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v true_a if_o of_o other_o barony_n it_o be_v false_a by_o your_o own_o confession_n and_o sir_n h._n spâlman_n tell_v we_o in_o the_o title_n last_o quote_v that_o the_o baron_n of_o burford_n plead_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o yet_o he_o be_v never_o any_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o if_o he_o and_o such_o like_a baron_n as_o himself_o have_v no_o place_n in_o parliament_n who_o it_o be_v represent_v they_o there_o and_o therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o dilemma_n i_o grant_v that_o every_o baron_n by_o tenure_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o a_o baron_n and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v so_o plain_a that_o you_o yourself_o can_v deny_v it_o but_o in_o answer_n to_o your_o next_o question_n i_o can_v answer_v it_o without_o ask_v the_o gentleman_n from_o who_o you_o suppose_v i_o borrow_v the_o notion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o baron_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n may_v have_v place_n in_o parliament_n suppose_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v not_o introduce_v till_o after_o henry_n the_o ii_o or_o king_n john_n time_n when_o such_o freeholder_n become_v too_o numerous_a all_o to_o appear_v in_o person_n and_o yet_o these_o may_v not_o be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o all_o your_o question_n conclude_v nothing_o for_o you_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v that_o because_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n proper_o so_o call_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o be_v consequent_o his_o baron_n that_o therefore_o none_o but_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n you_o only_o suppose_v and_o i_o as_o positive_o deny_v m._n well_o sir_n since_o you_o put_v it_o to_o that_o issue_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v full_o convince_v you_o that_o none_o but_o the_o person_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v the_o constituent_a member_n of_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n before_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o or_o 18_o edw._n i_o and_o who_o do_v give_v assent_v to_o all_o law_n that_o be_v make_v and_o all_o tax_n that_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o themselves_o and_o their_o under-tenant_n who_o be_v then_o conclude_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n but_o not_o to_o wrangle_v with_o you_o any_o long_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n 116._o i_o grant_v there_o be_v nominal_a or_o titular_a baron_n very_o many_o such_o as_o i_o have_v mention_v nay_o that_o there_o be_v several_a other_o great_a subject_n who_o have_v tenant_n that_o hold_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o ãâã_d nay_o more_o knight_n fee_n under_o they_o and_o who_o have_v the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o baron_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v prove_v to_o i_o by_o any_o direct_a proof_n that_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n have_v any_o voice_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n in_o our_o great_a council_n till_o after_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o and_o this_o beside_o the_o proof_n i_o have_v already_o bring_v i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a since_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la or_o terra_n and_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n that_o be_v they_o be_v the_o king_n be_v great_a baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o alone_o constitute_v the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o far_a proof_n of_o this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o those_o very_a argument_n your_o own_o author_n 111._o mr._n p._n have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o his_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o assert_v wherein_o he_o will_v prove_v from_o certain_a letter_n that_o be_v send_v from_o the_o baronage_n or_o university_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n to_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n exaction_n here_o in_o england_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o bring_v only_a fragment_n phrase_n or_o single_a word_n out_o of_o the_o record_n or_o history_n which_o seem_v to_o countenance_v my_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o record_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o historian_n as_o some_o of_o your_o man_n do_v but_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o quotation_n out_o of_o those_o author_n whole_a and_o entire_a and_o shall_v make_v such_o reasonable_a deduction_n from_o they_o as_o i_o think_v you_o will_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o deny_v to_o be_v fair_o raise_v from_o the_o word_n themselves_o and_o also_o as_o matt._n paris_n relate_v in_o the_o 29_o hen._n iii_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n send_v letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 658._o then_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o pope_n exaction_n which_o letter_n be_v say_v by_o this_o author_n to_o be_v direct_v a_o magnatibus_fw-la &_o universitate_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n send_v thither_o from_o the_o same_o party_n to_o the_o cardinal_n there_o assemble_v which_o be_v recite_v by_o the_o old_a manuscript_n to_o have_v send_v messenger_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o the_o old_a manuscript_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n that_o they_o send_v to_o the_o cardinal_n assemble_v at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n â_z a_o baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o universis_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la ãâã_d rogeram_fw-la bigod_n comitem_fw-la norff._n willielmum_fw-la de_fw-la cantelupo_n johannem_fw-la silium_fw-la galfriâââ_n radulphum_fw-la filium_fw-la nicholas_n philippum_fw-la basset_n barones_n procuratores_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angâââ_n tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la innocentio_n papa_n quarto_fw-la celebrante_fw-la concilium_fw-la ibi_fw-la generale_fw-mi anno_fw-la gratia_n 1245._o and_o the_o letter_n be_v thus_o direct_v venerabilibus_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la fratribus_fw-la uniââsis_fw-la &_o singulis_n dei_fw-la gratia_n salutem_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o matt._n of_o westminster_n do_v likewise_o agree_v in_o this_o relation_n only_o style_v the_o person_n last_o name_v milites_fw-la who_o matt._n paris_n call_v viri_fw-la nobiles_fw-la &_o discreti_fw-la but_o this_o will_v make_v no_o difference_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o and_o to_o these_o matt._n of_o westminster_n add_v mr._n william_n powic_n clark_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v their_o secretary_n but_o notwithstanding_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o these_o person_n so_o send_v name_v barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la 103.104_o do_v not_o represent_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n at_o all_o but_o only_o the_o great_a earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o first_o it_o appear_v from_o sir_n w._n dugdale_n baronage_n of_o england_n they_o that_o every_o one_o of_o the_o person_n here_o name_v be_v either_o a_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o nââ_n common_a person_n as_o your_o author_n will_v have_v they_o and_o though_o it_o true_a the_o cottonian_a manuscript_n
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o ãâã_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regââ_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o ãâã_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v âpon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâây_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâmum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supââ_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a ãâã_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n ãâã_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a ãâã_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
that_o if_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n have_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v i_o think_v no_o reasonable_a man_n can_v have_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v whether_o these_o abstract_a word_n nobilitas_fw-la universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la shall_v be_v take_v for_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n when_o thus_o represent_v in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o shall_v be_v confine_v to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a nobility_n only_o viz._n the_o great_a lord_n bishop_n and_o tenant_n in_o caâite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v make_v i_o believe_v which_o require_v strong_a proof_n than_o what_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v beside_o which_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la or_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la it_o be_v also_o more_o common_o use_v at_o this_o day_n and_o often_o then_o too_o in_o another_o more_o restrain_v and_o yet_o legal_a sense_n and_o that_o be_v when_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n distinct_a from_o the_o peer_n and_o this_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v distinguish_v by_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v always_o set_v after_o the_o particular_a enumeration_n of_o the_o other_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o peer_n viz._n the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n or_o when_o it_o be_v put_v contradistinct_a to_o the_o word_n magnate_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o authority_n and_o example_n from_o historian_n and_o record_n of_o both_o these_o 35._o and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n precede_v those_o that_o you_o allow_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v in_o parliament_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v that_o which_o matt._n westm_n mention_n as_o a_o parliament_n hold_v 37th_o hen._n iii_o and_o which_o be_v thus_o recite_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n 352._o where_o after_o the_o excommunication_n denounce_v against_o all_o infringer_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la there_o be_v this_o solemn_a clause_n aâded_v that_o if_o to_o the_o write_n concern_v the_o say_a sentence_n any_o other_o thing_n or_o in_o any_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v add_v thereunto_o beside_o the_o form_n of_o the_o say_a sentence_n then_o to_o be_v denounce_v and_o approve_v of_o that_o then_o dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o praedicti_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la populi_n pretestantur_fw-la publicae_fw-la before_o all_o the_o bishop_n that_o they_o will_v never_o consent_v thereunto_o and_o conclude_v thus_o in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la &_o in_o posterum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la testimonium_fw-la as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o norff._n heref._n essex_n and_o warwick_n as_o peter_n de_fw-fr sabaâdia_n ad_fw-la inslantiam_fw-la aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o populi_n praescripti_fw-la sigilla_fw-la sua_fw-la apposuerunt_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o for_o those_o that_o be_v peer_n to_o sign_n for_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n or_o commons_o m_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o authority_n as_o you_o bring_v they_o lest_o i_o not_o only_o forget_v some_o of_o they_o but_o also_o tire_v both_o you_o and_o myself_o with_o too_o long_a a_o discourse_n i_o hope_v i_o be_o very_a well_o able_a to_o prove_v by_o the_o learned_a dr.'s_n assistance_n dein_fw-ge that_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n here_o mention_v doâh_o signify_v not_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o laity_n there_o present_a consist_v of_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o else_o the_o less_o or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o matt._n paris_n call_v this_o council_n tota_n angliae_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la 865._o and_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o king_n demand_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o they_o after_o much_o contest_v and_o upon_o promise_n to_o reform_v all_o abuse_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n thereupon_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o the_o church_n grant_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o revenue_n for_o three_o year_n and_o the_o knight_n or_o nobility_n grant_v for_o that_o year_n scutage_n to_o wit_n three_o mark_n of_o every_o scutum_n or_o knight_n ãâã_d and_o then_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o their_o pontificalibus_fw-la with_o light-candle_n in_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o presence_n and_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n his_o brother_n and_o several_a earl_n there_o name_v &_o aliorum_fw-la optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o other_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n excommunicate_v and_o curse_v all_o those_o that_o from_o thence_o forward_o shall_v deprive_v the_o church_n of_o she_o right_o and_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v change_v alter_v or_o diminish_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n especial_o those_o grant_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o common_a liberty_n of_o england_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n arâhiâpiscopis_n episcopis_fw-la &_o cateris_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o ââberè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o ââgland_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a ãâã_d knight_n service_n for_o they_o only_o be_v such_o aâ_n pay_v scutage_n which_o be_v at_o this_o âime_n a_o kind_n of_o composition_n with_o the_o king_n for_o the_o confirm_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o be_v never_o charge_v but_o upon_o knight_n fee_n and_o these_o be_v such_o that_o hold_v perhaps_o one_o narrow_a or_o scanty_a knight_n fee_n only_o or_o some_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n as_o a_o half_a 3d_o four_o 6_o 8_o part_n etc._n etc._n who_o all_o pay_v a_o proportionable_a share_n of_o scutage_n to_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o land_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v pay_v first_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o by_o they_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o collect_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n majores_fw-la that_o come_v to_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n there_o be_v also_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la according_a to_o the_o direction_n and_o law_n for_o summons_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n who_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la and_o that_o other_o tenant_n but_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o act_n ãâã_d they_o all_o know_v how_o many_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o ââey_n have_v give_v any_o away_o to_o other_o they_o hold_v of_o they_o as_o they_o do_v of_o the_o crown_n use_v answer_v a_o proportionable_a rate_n towards_o this_o tax_n for_o the_o fee_n quantity_n ãâã_d part_n of_o fee_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o about_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o mistake_n ãâã_d the_o scutage_n be_v ascertain_v so_o that_o in_o so_o great_a a_o assembly_n where_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n be_v call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v and_o upon_o so_o great_a ãâã_d occasion_n and_o solemnity_n as_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n after_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a a_o manner_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o beside_o the_o baron_n all_o the_o ãâã_d in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a which_o be_v then_o very_o numerous_a be_v present_a or_o at_o least_o most_o of_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o tell_v you_o to_o the_o communitas_fw-la be_v after_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o magnaâââ_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v all_o summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v nor_o choose_v and_o send_v by_o the_o people_n but_o summon_v as_o the_o great_a baron_n in_o general_a by_o king_n john_n '_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v well_o enough_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v be_v pure_a imagination_n or_o in_o the_o dr._n phrase_n a_o airy_a ambuscade_n and_o quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o matt._n paris_n as_o also_o of_o the_o lawyer_n and_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o this_o author_n by_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v understand_v a_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o magnate_v or_o else_o if_o the_o word_n magnates_n may_v have_v comprehend_v they_o all_o it_o will_v have_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v mention_v any_o more_o but_o to_o answer_v those_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o mat._n paris_n as_o for_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la since_o you_o still_o insist_v upon_o it_o i_o
voluntate_fw-la &_o precipto_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la âââdatorum_fw-la baâonium_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la praesentium_fw-la m._n i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o full_a satisfaction_n as_o to_o this_o record_n p._n in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o in_o short_a first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o force_a peace_n simon_n mountford_n and_o his_o faction_n then_o hold_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n as_o also_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n brother_n as_o good_a as_o prisoner_n and_o make_v they_o do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o he_o carry_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n along_o with_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v than_o he_o call_v this_o parliament_n which_o can_v not_o be_v one_o in_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v now_o take_v since_o there_o be_v none_o there_o but_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o head_n of_o the_o rebel_n which_o have_v the_o king_n and_o prince_n in_o their_o power_n and_o as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o person_n that_o seal_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o baron_n and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o community_n must_v be_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o military_a service_n and_o no_o other_o for_o how_o can_v the_o lord_n and_o baron_n sign_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n understand_v they_o do_v not_o then_o nor_o now_o do_v represent_v they_o 217._o but_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o another_o authority_n to_o make_v this_o clear_a of_o some_o year_n before_o relate_v in_o matt._n paris_n viz._n anno_fw-la dom._n 12ââ_n 42_o d_o hen._n iii_o where_o letter_n be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v a_o communitate_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o 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countees_n be_v because_o they_o be_v at_o first_o elect_v out_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o who_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n be_v also_o the_o only_a elector_n of_o they_o at_o first_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o the_o hen._n iu._n ordain_v the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county_n court_n by_o all_o the_o suitor_n as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v many_o age_n so_o before_o whereas_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v that_o statute_n a_o little_a better_o you_o will_v find_v it_o be_v not_o make_v to_o enlarge_v the_o number_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o parliament_n man_n for_o long_o before_o that_o time_n all_o sort_n or_o degree_n of_o freeholder_n as_o well_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o their_o tenant_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o tenure_n or_o whether_o hold_v of_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o other_o as_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o other_o mesne_n tenant_n do_v alike_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n court_n and_o consequent_o be_v all_o alike_o capable_a of_o give_v their_o voice_n there_o at_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n however_o small_a their_o estate_n be_v nor_o be_v that_o statute_n of_o hen._n iu._n now_o cite_v which_o require_v the_o election_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v make_v by_o those_o that_o be_v summon_v and_o all_o other_o that_o be_v there_o present_a make_v to_o confer_v any_o new_a right_n upon_o such_o feeeholder_n but_o only_a to_o prevent_v the_o abuse_n of_o sheriffâ_n who_o be_v wont_n before_o that_o statute_n to_o procure_v knight_n of_o shire_n to_o be_v choose_v clandestine_o without_o any_o due_a summons_n or_o notice_n give_v to_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o election_n much_o less_o do_v the_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o
the_o most_o part_n signify_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n for_o you_o may_v consult_v spelman_n glossary_a and_o du_n fresue_n lexicon_n under_o these_o title_n but_o far_a to_o confirm_v who_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o our_o great_a council_n pray_v see_v the_o title_n to_o the_o assize_n of_o forest_n under_o king_n richard_n the_o i._o which_o hoveden_n recite_v in_o these_o word_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la assiza_n dom._n regis_fw-la 40._o &_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecepta_fw-la de_fw-la forestis_n suis_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la facta_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o militum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o by_o militum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v knight_v but_o also_o all_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o the_o word_n ever_o signify_v any_o other_o person_n 61._o they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a freeholder_n but_o liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la freeholder_n in_o military_a service_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o dr.'s_n glossary_a tit._n probi_fw-la homines_fw-la milites_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o pray_v remember_v also_o what_o sir_n h._n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n miles_n that_o these_o milites_fw-la when_o put_v alone_o be_v proper_o the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la à _fw-la militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o frodo_fw-la nomen_fw-la sumpserunt_fw-la so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o ingenious_a man_n but_o will_v confess_v that_o all_o these_o council_n be_v general_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o no_o other_o person_n than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n to_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o all_o your_o authority_n together_o i_o must_v now_o repeat_v what_o i_o often_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o firm_a argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o doubtful_a word_n and_o general_a expression_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v you_o that_o all_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o your_o reason_n consist_v in_o this_o alone_a but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v so_o much_o of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la i_o shall_v omit_v that_o and_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n which_o you_o think_v make_v so_o plain_a for_o you_o and_o shall_v only_o observe_v at_o present_a that_o these_o word_n barones_n and_o milites_fw-la be_v always_o stretch_v or_o contract_v according_a as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n find_v it_o best_o to_o suit_n with_o their_o hypothesis_n as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o word_n barones_n be_v put_v alone_o than_o it_o must_v signify_v none_o but_o great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o milites_fw-la then_o by_o barones_n must_v be_v only_o mean_v the_o great_a baron_n or_o peer_n and_o by_o milites_fw-la those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n if_o any_o other_o word_n follow_v milites_fw-la than_o this_o word_n must_v signify_v only_o such_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o be_v knight_v so_o likewise_o you_o deal_v with_o all_o other_o word_n though_o of_o never_o so_o comprehensive_a a_o signification_n but_o why_o may_v not_o i_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n affirm_v that_o by_o barones_n mention_v in_o these_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o barones_n properly_z so_o call_v and_o by_o the_o milites_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o shire_n whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o feudatories_n to_o other_o for_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1040._o in_o the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n the_o second_o king_n of_o scot_n mention_n milites_fw-la vavasores_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-fr baronibus_fw-la tetras_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o all_o other_o of_o whosoever_o they_o hold_v who_o be_v able_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o like_o knight_n may_v be_v then_o force_v to_o receive_v knighthood_n appear_v by_o two_o writ_n of_o 24_o the_o and_o 26_o the_o h._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n dorso_fw-la under_o this_o title_n forma_fw-la de_fw-la molitibus_fw-la faciendis_fw-la and_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_fw-la northampton_n salutem_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la tuam_fw-la in_o singulis_n bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la facias_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it pâssint_fw-la sustentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la deligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 25._o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la faciant_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la qui_fw-la fuerint_fw-la tale_n qui_fw-la citra_fw-la terminum_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la milites_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la fecerint_fw-la omnia_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la statim_fw-la à _fw-la termino_fw-la illo_fw-la &_o quantitatem_fw-la &_o valorem_fw-la tenementorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobit_fw-la scire_fw-la facias_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la lewes_n 25_o die_v julii_fw-la similiter_fw-la scribitur_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la and_o as_o for_o the_o word_n homines_fw-la svi_fw-la which_o you_o will_v have_v only_o to_o mean_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la those_o word_n have_v so_o equivocal_a a_o signification_n that_o there_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o they_o for_o they_o may_v as_o well_o signify_v all_o the_o king_n subject_n swear_v to_o he_o by_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n as_o tenant_n by_o homage_n or_o knight_n service_n only_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n observe_v upon_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la praediorum_fw-la tenente_fw-la sive_fw-la socmanno_n sive_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v the_o book_n of_o ramsey_n and_o if_o suus_fw-la be_v add_v to_o homo_fw-la it_o do_v much_o alter_v the_o case_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n dicitur_fw-la praeterca_fw-la de_fw-la quovis_fw-la ministro_fw-la &_o subdito_fw-la &_o saepe_fw-la occurrit_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o antiquis_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la vassalos_n &_o tenentes_fw-la sed_fw-la famulos_fw-la &_o subditos_fw-la quoslibet_fw-la significans_fw-la and_o for_o this_o he_o give_v we_o several_a authority_n so_o that_o you_o see_v these_o word_n do_v not_o only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o any_o other_o subject_n and_o so_o may_v take_v in_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n with_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n likewise_o at_o least_o the_o representative_n of_o such_o city_n and_o burrough_n as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o your_o own_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n but_o i_o shall_v however_o say_v something_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o out_o of_o abbot_n benedict_n viz._n barones_n terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la which_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o then_o it_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v summon_v to_o this_o assembly_n which_o word_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la i_o can_v give_v mr._n selden_n authority_n for_o who_o in_o his_o first_o edition_n 277._o 2_o d_o part_n have_v his_o remarkable_a passage_n speak_v of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o baron_n he_o say_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v baron_n of_o subject_n hold_v not_o of_o the_o king_n but_o by_o mesnalty_n who_o make_v a_o three_o rank_n of_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o manor_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v why_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n baronagium_n angliae_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o baronagium_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la baronagii_fw-la svi_fw-la so_o often_o occur_v in_o our_o old_a story_n take_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a state_n sometime_o as_o for_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o if_o your_o dr._n have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v compare_v the_o author_n he_o quote_v with_o other_o nay_o with_o the_o title_n to_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o clarendân_n themselves_o 41._o as_o he_o have_v give_v they_o as_o in_o his_o appendix_n to_o his_o history_n out_o of_o quadrilogus_fw-la this_o objection_n will_v have_v be_v needless_a 1395._o for_o if_o you_o consult_v gervase_n of_o canterbury_n he_o style_v the_o party_n to_o this_o council_n praesules_fw-la and_o proceres_fw-la anglicani_n regni_fw-la and_o as_o for_o matt._n paris_n 100_o pray_v observe_v that_o after_o the_o
word_n clârus_n which_o there_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n must_v needs_o signify_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n he_o express_v the_o lay_v order_n thus_o cum_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la ac_fw-la proceribus_fw-la cunctis_fw-la where_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la here_o put_v distinct_a from_o barones_n which_o may_v very_o well_o signify_v not_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la do_v often_o signify_v both_o in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n but_o quadrilogus_fw-la give_v we_o the_o title_n of_o these_o constitution_n more_o exact_o in_o these_o word_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ista_fw-la recognitio_fw-la coram_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la &_o comitibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o in_o the_o next_o line_n he_o say_v that_o those_o custom_n be_v thus_o recognize_v per_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o per_fw-la nobiliores_fw-la &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la where_o he_o likewise_o distinguish_v between_o the_o bishop_n and_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o those_o who_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o call_v proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o the_o next_o he_o call_v nibilores_n &_o antiquiores_fw-la regni_fw-la by_o which_o he_o may_v mean_v the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n who_o be_v call_v in_o the_o saxon_a times_n seniores_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v now_o if_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n appear_v by_o their_o representative_n at_o this_o council_n since_o they_o can_v not_o then_o all_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n any_o more_o than_o now_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n shall_v not_o be_v likewise_o there_o by_o their_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o order_n be_v to_o deprive_v the_o commons_o of_o that_o right_n which_o you_o can_v but_o allow_v to_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n to_o conclude_v you_o yourself_o confess_v that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o call_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v only_o nominal_o and_o nor_o proper_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o sense_n that_o word_n be_v now_o take_v and_o if_o so_o pray_v give_v i_o any_o satisfactory_a reason_n why_o other_o commoner_n as_o well_o as_o they_o viz._n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n may_v not_o then_o likewise_o have_v have_v place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n m._n i_o see_v you_o use_v your_o utmost_a endeavour_n from_o the_o various_a and_o equivocal_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n in_o question_n between_o we_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n barones_n miiâa_n &_o homines_fw-la sai_fw-la which_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a can_v not_o be_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n at_o that_o time_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o very_a plain_a answer_n to_o your_o question_n why_o other_o commonrss_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o be_v present_a or_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o that_o time_n appear_v by_o those_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o dr._n b._n have_v make_v use_n of_o with_o so_o good_a success_n against_o mr._n p._n and_o the_o author_n of_o janus_n anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v they_o along_o with_o i_o ãâã_d they_o stand_v here_o in_o the_o appendix_n to_o the_o dr_n complete_a history_n of_o england_n 131._o and_o as_o he_o have_v transcribe_v they_o from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n in_o bennet_n college_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o so_o many_o distinct_a article_n or_o chapter_n but_o those_o we_o chief_o insist_v upon_o be_v these_o article_n 14._o nullum_fw-la scutagium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la corpus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la redimendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenââ_fw-la ãâã_d filium_fw-la nostrum_fw-la militem_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la primogenitam_fw-la filiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la semel_fw-la nââtandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la siet_fw-la nisi_fw-la rationabile_fw-la auxilium_fw-la 15._o simili_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la londinensi_fw-la &_o civitas_n londinensâ_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la antiquas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terras_fw-la quââ_n per_fw-la aquas_fw-la 16._o praeterea_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la aliae_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o burgi_n &_o villae_fw-la &_o barones_n the_o quinque_fw-la portibus_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la portus_n habeant_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertà tes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_fw-la conclium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la aââliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la 17._o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr scutagiis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la submoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_n singillatin_a per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la 18._o et_fw-la praterea_fw-la faciemus_fw-la submoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vice_n comites_fw-la &_o ballivos_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scilicet_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la quadra_fw-la ginta_fw-la dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la literis_fw-la submonitionis_fw-la caâ_n same_o submonitionis_fw-la illius_fw-la exponemus_fw-la 19_o et_fw-la sic_fw-la facta_fw-la submonitione_fw-la negotium_fw-la procedat_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la assignatum_fw-la secundââ_n consilium_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la praesentes_fw-la fuârint_fw-la quamvis_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la submoniti_fw-la venerint_fw-la from_o which_o ancient_a monument_n we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n exercise_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n before_o this_o charter_n of_o assess_v aid_n and_o scutage_n upon_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n without_o the_o assent_n oâ_n the_o great_a or_o common_a council_n since_o call_v the_o parliament_n from_o do_v which_o for_o the_o future_a the_o king_n by_o this_o charter_n tie_v up_o his_o own_o iââand_n unless_o iâ_n the_o three_o case_n here_o particular_o reserve_v 2._o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o other_o member_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o thââ_n council_n but_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n bâ_n particular_a writ_n and_o all_o the_o other_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o one_o general_a summons_n by_o the_o sheriff_n so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o greaâ_n council_n before_o this_o time_n only_o consist_v of_o such_o earl_n greaâ_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 211._o as_o the_o king_n by_o special_a write_v waâ_n please_v to_o summon_v and_o this_o new_a way_n bring_v in_o a_o greateâ_n number_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o ever_o have_v appear_v before_o so_o that_o if_o iâ_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o you_o assert_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v no_o new_a grant_n to_o the_o people_n of_o england_n but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o liberty_n it_o muââ_n then_o necessary_o follow_v that_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v sometimes_o barones_n minores_fw-la be_v then_o the_o only_a representative_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o that_o the_o inferior_a tenant_n consent_n be_v include_v in_o tââ_n assent_v of_o his_o immediate_a superior_a lord_n p._n who_o presence_n be_v rââquired_v in_o those_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n need_v not_o think_v be_v doubt_v and_o i_o can_v give_v you_o if_o need_v be_v several_a authority_n to_o prove_v it_o but_o pray_v observe_v further_a that_o here_o be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o any_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n to_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o great_a council_n unless_o you_o will_v have_v they_o include_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o all_o other_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o then_o none_o but_o such_o city_n and_o town_n who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la can_v pretend_v to_o send_v any_o member_n much_o less_o be_v there_o any_o mention_n of_o any_o knight_n to_o be_v choose_v for_o county_n which_o certain_o will_v have_v be_v particular_o provide_v for_o by_o this_o charter_n have_v they_o then_o have_v any_o place_n in_o this_o assembly_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o otherwise_o represent_v than_o by_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o rest_n of_o king_n john_n and_o most_o part_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o reign_n for_o aught_o i_o can_v yet_o discern_v for_o though_o this_o charter_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o second_o and_o nine_o year_n of_o
concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o give_v this_o aid_n of_o a_o 40th_o part_n of_o their_o good_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n inferior_a land_a clergyman_n the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n freemen_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o subsidy_n grant_v upon_o good_n and_o not_o lay_v upon_o land_n and_o that_o it_o may_v full_o express_v all_o the_o party_n to_o the_o grant_v the_o record_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v also_o the_o villani_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o every_o village_n or_o burrough_n town_n and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o our_o ancient_a manuscript_n chronicle_n of_o this_o age_n give_v the_o same_o sense_n to_o the_o expression_n of_o this_o record_n and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o term_n pray_v read_v this_o quotation_n which_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o take_v out_o of_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n call_v chronica_fw-la monasterii_fw-la de_fw-la hageny_n 20._o in_o the_o cottonianâ_n â_z library_n as_o ancient_a as_o the_o time_n be_v we_o be_v now_o treat_v on_o the_o word_n be_v these_o anno_fw-la 17._o henrici_fw-la regis_fw-la 4_o ti_fw-mi where_o note_n that_o the_o year_n be_v mistake_v for_o 16._o but_o the_o king_n be_v the_o same_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v often_o in_o that_o age_n call_v the_o four_o in_o respect_n to_o king_n henry_n son_n to_z henry_n the_o second_o idem_fw-la rex_fw-la accepit_fw-la ab_fw-la archiepis_fw-la epis._n abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la clericiâ_n terras_fw-la habentibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la eccles._n sua_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a &_o ab_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o villanis_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la quadragesimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o this_o author_n make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n between_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pray_v observe_v what_o immediate_o follow_v in_o the_o same_o place_n ut_fw-la anno._n viz._n 8vo_fw-la a_o quo_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la magnatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la quam_fw-la aliorum_fw-la laicorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la quintam_fw-la decimam_fw-la catalorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la universaliter_fw-la accepit_fw-la where_o note_n by_o accepit_fw-la be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v he_o receive_v it_o after_o the_o people_n grant_n of_o it_o as_o before_z in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16._o and_o that_o by_o magnatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o aliorum_fw-la laicorum_fw-la put_v here_o as_o distinct_a from_o they_o all_o other_o order_n or_o degree_n of_o man_n now_o pray_v how_o can_v these_o tax_n upon_o the_o good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n have_v ever_o be_v give_v but_o by_o the_o general_a representative_n thereof_o since_o all_o can_v not_o be_v there_o in_o person_n unless_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o man_n in_o those_o day_n hold_v their_o good_n and_o chatel_n by_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la m._n i_o think_v you_o and_o i_o may_v so_o far_o agree_v that_o this_o council_n i_o instance_a in_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o likewise_o that_o they_o impose_v scutage_n upon_o no_o other_o than_o their_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o may_v not_o have_v tax_v all_o other_o though_o they_o be_v not_o their_o immediate_a tenant_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v those_o that_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o convince_v but_o that_o these_o person_n mention_v in_o the_o record_v you_o have_v cite_v which_o you_o grant_v constitute_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o same_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la already_o mention_v for_o as_o for_o the_o fideles_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 4_o the_o hen._n 3._o i_o think_v the_o dr._n have_v very_o well_o prove_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n that_o they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o this_o pray_v consider_v the_o authority_n he_o there_o give_v we_o for_o though_o i_o agree_v with_o you_o that_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la do_v sometime_o signify_v general_o all_o those_o who_o be_v under_o the_o power_n or_o subjection_n of_o their_o prince_n d._n yet_o hottoman_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o fideles_fw-la interdum_fw-la specialiter_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la iidem_fw-la qui_fw-la vassalli_n qui_fw-la feudo_fw-la accepto_fw-la in_o patroni_fw-la fide_fw-la &_o clientelâ_n sunt_fw-la vicissimque_fw-la svam_fw-la ei_fw-la certi_fw-la obsequii_fw-la nomine_fw-la fidem_fw-la astrinxerunt_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v this_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o most_o of_o our_o history_n and_o record_n i_o shall_v therefore_o give_v you_o one_o which_o will_v sufficient_o clear_v the_o true_a signification_n 30._o not_o only_o of_o the_o word_n fideles_fw-la but_o of_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la too_o it_o be_v in_o william_n malmâbury_n in_o these_o word_n williâmo_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la cum_fw-la vix_fw-la 12._o annorum_fw-la esset_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la etc._n etc._n cujuscunque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la &_o dignitatis_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la domini_fw-la fideles_fw-la manibus_fw-la &_o sacramento_n se_fw-la dedere_fw-la coacti_fw-la sunt_fw-la by_o which_o you_o may_v see_v that_o by_o the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la be_v here_o mean_v only_o the_o feudal_n or_o military_a tenant_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o any_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o prove_v it_o far_o by_o record_n pray_v see_v here_o âhose_v that_o the_o dr._n have_v give_v we_o in_o the_o same_o place_n 9_o the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 15._o of_o king_n john_n rex_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la salutem_fw-la they_o be_v to_o hear_v what_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n be_v to_o say_v to_o they_o about_o the_o release_v the_o interdict_v 68_o and_o that_o these_o milites_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la be_v only_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v clear_a from_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o record_n vnicuique_fw-la vestrum_fw-la si_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la transmissemus_fw-la sed_fw-la negotium_fw-la majori_fw-la festiâatione_fw-la etc._n etc._n testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la rupel_n etc._n etc._n the_o king_n have_v write_v to_o they_o all_o particular_o but_o that_o the_o business_n require_v great_a haste_n it_o seem_v before_o the_o grant_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la this_o king_n send_v special_a summons_n and_o particular_a letter_n to_o his_o baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o meet_v upon_o any_o occasion_n so_o likewise_o in_o these_o writ_n there_o mention_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o several_a county_n dorso_fw-la as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n there_o cite_v rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suiâ_n de_fw-la com._n ebor._n northumbr_n cumbr._n etc._n etc._n vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la prompti_fw-la sitis_fw-la &_o parâti_fw-la cum_fw-la equis_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o be_v the_o feudatary_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n but_o to_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o also_o of_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o villani_n mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 16_o hen._n 3._o you_o have_v now_o cite_v 1._o i_o can_v allow_v your_o version_n of_o those_o word_n clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la 221._o qua_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la svas_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a by_o inferior_a land_a clergyman_n since_o it_o be_v more_o than_o you_o can_v make_v out_o for_o i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v such_o clerk_n as_o have_v manor_n and_o free_a or_o military_a fee_n belong_v to_o their_o benefice_n and_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o fee_n whereof_o be_v in_o the_o crown_n and_o not_o in_o the_o church_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o it_o but_o mat._n paris_n fol._n 377._o inform_v we_o better_a who_o they_o be_v that_o give_v this_o tax_n when_o he_o speak_v concern_v this_o very_a council_n ad_fw-la coloquium_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o aliarum_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la praelati_fw-la cum_fw-la proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la concessa_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la quadragesima_fw-la pars_fw-la honorum_fw-la now_o what_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v in_o this_o record_n you_o have_v cite_v we_o may_v easy_o guess_v from_o the_o other_o record_v i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o in_o 19_o hen._n 3._o viz._n such_o of_o those_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la which_o be_v not_o milites_fw-la in_o a_o strict_a sense_n or_o have_v not_o receive_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n and_o i_o shall_v make_v out_o this_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n as_o also_o of_o
the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o villani_n by_o another_o record_n dor_n date_v but_o two_o year_n after_o this_o of_o you_o viz._n 21_o hen._n 3._o rex_fw-la vic._n kant_n salut_fw-la sciâs_n cum_fw-la octavis_fw-la sancti_fw-la hillarii_n etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la convenirent_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n '_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la ut_fw-la tractatum_fw-la haberent_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la de_fw-la statu_fw-la nostro_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la iidem_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la &_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la villanis_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la in_o auxilium_fw-la tricessimam_fw-la partem_fw-la honorum_fw-la from_o this_o record_n we_o may_v observe_v 1._o that_o the_o king_n writ_n be_v only_o issue_v to_o the_o archbishop_n 221._o bishop_n etc._n etc._n earl_n baron_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 2._o that_o in_o the_o recital_n of_o this_o tax_n the_o sheriff_n be_v tell_v first_o that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o clergy_n which_o have_v land_n not_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n a_o certain_a sign_n that_o they_o grant_v by_o themselves_o and_o out_o of_o nothing_o else_o but_o that_o and_o then_o that_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a man_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o villain_n grant_v a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o moveable_n and_o from_o this_o record_n it_o be_v also_o manifest_a these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la have_v villanos_fw-la if_o not_o bondman_n villagars_a or_o rustic_n colonos_fw-la or_o husbandman_n at_o least_o of_o who_o estate_n by_o public_a assent_n and_o for_o the_o public_a benefit_n they_o may_v in_o part_n dispose_v of_o which_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o all_o our_o record_n and_o history_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o that_o the_o villani_n mention_v in_o the_o other_o record_n of_o 16._o hen._n 3._o to_o have_v give_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n do_v grant_v by_o their_o lord_n that_o be_v their_z lord_n paramount_n that_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v grant_v for_o they_o though_o they_o hold_v it_o not_o immediate_o of_o they_o but_o of_o other_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n which_o immediate_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o do_v charge_v they_o by_o public_a tax_n have_v be_v show_v from_o divers_a record_n so_o that_o it_o be_v frequent_a in_o those_o time_n to_o say_v such_o and_o such_o concesserunt_fw-la grant_v such_o a_o tax_n that_o be_v by_o those_o who_o have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o for_o they_o and_o without_o their_o consent_n too_o when_o those_o for_o who_o they_o grant_v be_v not_o capable_a 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and_o how_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v tax_v those_o land_n which_o be_v never_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v resolve_v i_o and_o therefore_o by_o the_o fideles_fw-la here_o mention_v in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o record_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o all_o other_o subject_n who_o do_v fealty_n who_o though_o they_o can_v not_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n yet_o be_v there_o by_o their_o representative_n the_o great_a freeholder_n lord_n of_o manor_n or_o else_o by_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n but_o i_o must_v now_o make_v some_o remark_n upon_o your_o interpretation_n of_o âhe_n writ_n of_o the_o 16_o the_o and_o 21_o the_o of_o hen._n 3._o wherein_o you_o have_v certain_o very_o much_o mistake_v the_o sense_n of_o all_o the_o main_a word_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o clerici_fw-la terras_fw-la habentes_fw-la 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out_o of_o mat._n paris_n at_o all_o favour_n your_o interpretation_n for_o either_o these_o bishop_n and_o prelate_n there_o mention_v give_v this_o sorti_v part_n of_o their_o movable_n in_o parliament_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o else_o as_o clergy_n man_n in_o convocation_n if_o the_o former_a than_o these_o clerici_fw-la can_v have_v no_o vote_n there_o in_o person_n for_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v puzzle_v you_o to_o prove_v that_o at_o this_o time_n any_o ecclesiastical_a person_n below_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o abbot_n or_o prior_n have_v any_o place_n in_o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o those_o land_n he_o hold_v in_o right_o of_o his_o church_n but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v this_o tax_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o whole_a clergy_n in_o convocation_n than_o such_o clerk_n as_o you_o mention_n can_v not_o be_v there_o in_o person_n first_o because_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v such_o as_o have_v land_n quâe_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la svas_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a and_o so_o can_v not_o have_v any_o place_n there_o as_o clergyman_n nor_o can_v they_o be_v include_v under_o the_o praelati_fw-la since_o that_o word_n take_v in_o none_o beneath_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o dean_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o clerk_n give_v any_o thing_n in_o parliament_n they_o must_v do_v it_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n the_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o if_o in_o convocation_n by_o their_o clerk_n of_o the_o low_a house_n then_o call_v procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la so_o that_o take_v it_o which_o way_n you_o will_v those_o clerk_n can_v not_o be_v present_a themselves_o at_o these_o parliament_n when_o those_o tax_n of_o the_o 30_o and_o 40th_o part_n of_o their_o movable_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o either_o as_o layman_n or_o clergyman_n must_v be_v tax_v by_o their_o representative_n but_o in_o deed_n the_o word_n proceree_n regni_n which_o immediate_o come_v after_o episcopi_fw-la &_o pralati_fw-la in_o
matth._n paris_n sufficient_o show_v this_o grant_n be_v make_v in_o parliament_n that_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la often_o include_v not_o only_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n too_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o that_o word_n nor_o be_v your_o interpretation_n of_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la for_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o tax_v their_o villani_n any_o other_o than_o a_o mere_a wrest_n of_o these_o word_n for_o if_o they_o be_v only_o those_o who_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o their_o villain_n who_o you_o suppose_v be_v either_o their_o bondman_n or_o else_o their_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n it_o be_v absolute_o contrary_a both_o to_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o whoever_o hear_v that_o villain_n or_o bondman_n who_o have_v no_o property_n either_o in_o land_n or_o good_n ever_o pay_v tax_n and_o if_o you_o suppose_v that_o these_o villani_n be_v only_o the_o rustic_a tenant_n in_o socage_n by_o villain_n service_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o all_o the_o military_a or_o feudatory_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o all_o tenant_n in_o free_a socage_n by_o certain_a rent_n be_v exempt_a from_o both_o these_o tax_n since_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o once_o mention_v in_o these_o writ_n neither_o can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o villani_n as_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v for_o if_o these_o villani_n be_v mere_a rustic_n pray_v tell_v i_o what_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o put_v they_o check_v by_o jowl_n with_o their_o lord_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n 3._o as_o if_o they_o have_v give_v by_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o why_o the_o lord_n as_o the_o word_n be_v in_o your_o record_n give_v pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la villanis_fw-la if_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la there_o mention_v have_v not_o represent_v they_o which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v say_v with_o any_o sense_n have_v they_o be_v only_o so_o many_o freeman_n or_o master_n over_o their_o slave_n where_o as_o it_o here_o appear_v every_o one_o of_o these_o order_n or_o degree_n of_o man_n here_o mention_v have_v a_o equal_a independent_a power_n to_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o not_o one_o for_o another_o or_o else_o this_o word_n may_v be_v mean_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n 3._o where_o they_o be_v put_v in_o the_o nominative_a case_n as_o equal_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o order_n of_o man_n there_o recite_v and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v husbandman_n or_o mere_a villager_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n pof_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o which_o sense_n sir_n henry_n spellman_n allow_v in_o his_o glossary_n villanus_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la iâ_n villa_n habitas_fw-la ut_fw-la vrbanus_n ab_fw-la urbe_fw-la etc._n etc._n villa_n autem_fw-la propria_fw-la âââat_fw-la viculum_fw-la rusticanum_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o âe_n more_fw-it gallici_fw-la idiomatis_fw-la eraducitur_fw-la ad_fw-la insignia_fw-la oppidu_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la ipsas_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o take_v it_o in_o what_o sense_n you_o please_v it_o be_v plain_a it_o can_v never_o here_o mean_a mere_a villager_n nor_o can_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la hominesâe_o âe_z only_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o record_n will_v have_v conclude_v thus_o &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n you_o have_v cite_v of_o the_o 10_o of_o hen._n 3._o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o suffex_n and_o may_v be_v find_v in_o many_o other_o record_n which_o respect_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n villanus_fw-la we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o these_o very_a record_n themselves_o of_o the_o 16_o and_o 21th_o of_o hen._n 3._o which_o you_o and_o i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o in_o both_o which_o writ_n there_o be_v certain_a person_n appoint_v to_o assess_n and_o collect_v the_o aid_n in_o every_o county_n and_o who_o by_o virtue_n of_o these_o writ_n do_v cause_n to_o be_v elect_v four_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o lawful_a man_n de_fw-fr singulis_fw-la villis_fw-la of_o each_o hundred_o in_o the_o county_n there_o mention_v and_o then_o the_o villani_n will_v signify_v in_o these_o writ_n not_o villain_n or_o mere_a rustic_n who_o be_v not_o then_o reckon_v inter_fw-la lâgalea_n homines_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a you_o have_v bring_v some_o precedent_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la give_v tax_n for_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n yet_o that_o be_v only_a where_o the_o tax_n be_v raise_v upon_o knight_n fee_n alone_o and_o not_o upon_o all_o the_o âands_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n much_o less_o upon_o good_n and_o chattel_n so_o that_o either_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_a mention_v in_o these_o record_n must_v mean_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n who_o by_o their_o representative_n give_v these_o tax_n of_o a_o 40th_o or_o 30_o paât_n for_o themselves_o and_o all_o such_o of_o their_o tenant_n who_o hold_v estate_n of_o copyhold_n lease_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n or_o have_v estate_n in_o stock_n money_n or_o other_o chattel_n nor_o otherwise_o can_v these_o tax_n ever_o have_v be_v general_a not_o charge_v upon_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o remark_n upon_o your_o observation_n of_o this_o writ_n which_o be_v that_o whereas_o you_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o king_n summons_n be_v direct_v to_o none_o of_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o prove_v to_o i_o that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o all_o present_a at_o those_o parliament_n for_o you_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o they_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o consequent_o can_v not_o be_v include_v under_o that_o title_n so_o that_o if_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la who_o grant_v this_o tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n be_v not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o their_o under_a tenant_n also_o by_o military_a service_n as_o the_o doctor_n himself_o grant_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormannicum_fw-la p._n 25._o as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n p._n 51._o therefore_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v that_o your_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o will_v never_o make_v out_o that_o none_o but_o they_o and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a under_o that_o title_n to_o appear_v at_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o to_o grant_v aid_n and_o join_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o he_o nation_n before_o the_o time_n you_o allow_v to_o conclude_v unless_o you_o can_v also_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o good_n and_o chattel_n as_o well_o as_o of_o land_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o aid_n grant_v in_o parliament_n of_o personal_a estate_n that_o all_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n be_v alike_o free_a and_o consequent_o have_v the_o same_o right_a to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n m._n but_o pray_v make_v out_o if_o you_o can_v by_o some_o more_o evident_a proof_n that_o any_o other_o beside_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v admit_v into_o our_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n i_o think_v i_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o first_o word_n of_o the_o agreement_n between_o king_n john_n and_o the_o baron_n which_o be_v still_o extant_a on_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n m._n 2._o dorso_fw-la begin_v thus_o have_v est_fw-la convenâio_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o robertum_fw-la filii_fw-la walteri_fw-la marescalli_n exerciâus_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o sanctae_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o ricâ_n comiâem_fw-la dâ_n clare_n etc._n etc._n and_o here_o follow_v the_o name_n of_o divers_a of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n &_o allos_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o liboros_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la angliâe_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a this_o charter_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o which_o be_v assemble_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n with_o all_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a and_o all_o the_o freeman_n or_o considerable_a freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o as_o mr._n selden_n word_n it_o in_o his_o title_n
of_o honour_n fol._n 586_o 587._o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o assembly_n matt._n paris_n express_v more_o succinct_o by_o these_o word_n tota_fw-la nobilitus_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la collecta_fw-la quasi_fw-la sub_fw-la numero_fw-la non_fw-la cadebit_fw-la so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v plain_a than_o that_o many_o other_o beside_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v at_o this_o great_a council_n m._n in_o the_o first_o place_n before_o i_o answer_v the_o main_a of_o your_o argument_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o can_v allow_v this_o assembly_n at_o run_v mead_n to_o have_v be_v true_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o rather_o a_o rebellious_a arm_a rout_n meet_v together_o without_o the_o king_n writ_n of_o summons_n and_o indeed_o whether_o he_o will_v or_o not_o and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o assert_v that_o any_o representative_n have_v vote_n therein_o nor_o can_v you_o show_v i_o that_o any_o knight_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n be_v summon_v to_o it_o f._n i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o that_o assembly_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o parliament_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n as_o not_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n yet_o since_o almost_o all_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o in_o arm_n it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v reckon_v a_o common_a council_n or_o solemn_a convention_n of_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o that_o after_o the_o most_o ancient_a manner_n since_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v there_o present_a in_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o council_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o parliament_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o northamptonshire_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n in_o the_o 28_o of_o hen._n 3._o dorso_fw-la to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o permit_v any_o one_o in_o his_o bailiwick_n to_o use_v any_o liberty_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n unless_o they_o have_v former_o be_v use_v ad_fw-la tempus_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la de_fw-la run_v mead_n quod_fw-la fuit_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la regem_fw-la patrem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o barones_n suos_fw-la angliae_fw-la m._n i_o see_v that_o you_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o this_o assembly_n be_v no_o parliament_n in_o the_o sense_n we_o now_o take_v that_o word_n nor_o indeed_o can_v be_v any_o more_o than_o a_o rebellious_a rout_n there_o meet_v whether_o the_o king_n will_v or_o no_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n parliament_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o this_o record_n in_o the_o sense_n we_o now_o take_v it_o since_o that_o word_n come_v not_o in_o use_n here_o instead_o of_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la 71._o &_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o colloquium_fw-la a_o conferrence_n until_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o henry_n iii_o reige_n and_o do_v no_o more_o point_n out_o the_o constituent_a member_n of_o it_o than_o that_o word_n do_v at_o that_o time_n and_o so_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o this_o record_n f._n i_o think_v i_o have_v very_o good_a reason_n notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n accord_v to_o the_o mode_n of_o those_o time_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o call_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a he_o avoid_v call_v any_o because_o he_o utter_o refuse_v to_o grant_v this_o charter_n at_o all_o yet_o that_o be_v not_o material_a since_o they_o be_v a_o general_a and_o full_a assembly_n or_o convention_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n have_v a_o just_a right_a to_o meet_v and_o vindicate_v their_o liberty_n then_o outrageous_o oppress_v and_o tread_v under_o foot_n by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o own_v they_o as_o a_o lawful_a assembly_n paâis_n by_o send_v to_o they_o and_o appoint_v they_o to_o meet_v in_o run_v mead_n between_o staines_n and_o windsor_n on_o the_o 15_o the_o of_o june_n which_o our_o historian_n tell_v we_o they_o joyful_o obey_v so_o that_o he_o himself_o admit_v they_o to_o be_v a_o lawful_a assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o consequent_o for_o his_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o agreement_n now_o cite_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o much_o trouble_v myself_o 159._o whither_o this_o be_v proper_o the_o great_a council_n or_o not_o but_o however_o i_o can_v see_v how_o mr._n selden_n can_v make_v out_o that_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v by_o or_o to_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o ground_n for_o it_o for_o if_o under_o the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n or_o free-tenant_n of_o what_o condition_n soever_o be_v comprehend_v yet_o she_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o record_n that_o any_o way_n prove_v that_o they_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o make_v this_o charter_n but_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la here_o be_v only_o those_o who_o the_o king_n call_v liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o his_o charter_n and_o immediate_o grant_v they_o several_a relaxation_n of_o their_o rigid_a feudal_n tenor_n by_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o yet_o neither_o be_v the_o charter_n make_v by_o they_o as_o be_v before_o intimate_v though_o i_o confess_v these_o be_v the_o freeman_n which_o make_v such_o a_o cry_n for_o their_o liberty_n most_o of_o which_o be_v but_o a_o abatement_n of_o the_o rigour_n 51._o and_o a_o relaxation_n of_o the_o feudal_n tenor_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n itself_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a follower_n and_o help_v to_o augment_v the_o noise_n they_o be_v no_o lawmaker_n as_o you_o imagine_v for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o those_o man_n that_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o their_o hand_n will_v permit_v man_n of_o so_o small_a reputation_n to_o share_v with_o they_o in_o law-making_a those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la always_o do_v give_v law_n and_o tax_v the_o people_n f._n suppose_v this_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v a_o lawful_a common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o think_v i_o may_v still_o affirm_v that_o this_o charter_n be_v make_v not_o only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o by_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o certain_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o it_o by_o draw_v it_o up_o into_o form_n and_o by_o accept_v it_o from_o the_o king_n when_o past_a under_o his_o seal_n as_o true_o as_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_n of_o king_n hen._n iii_o and_o edw._n i._o be_v call_v statute_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v to_o you_o or_o as_o much_o as_o the_o petition_n of_o right_o grant_v by_o king_n charles_n i._o be_v a_o statute_n though_o past_a under_o no_o other_o form_n nor_o be_v the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o who_o king_n john_n grant_v this_o charter_n no_o other_o than_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o suppose_v since_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n ii_o this_o king_n father_n the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v take_v in_o a_o much_o large_a sense_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n ordain_v by_o this_o king_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v in_o hoveden_n history_n where_o after_o it_o be_v appoint_v what_o corcelet_n helmet_n and_o other_o arm_n every_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v find_v it_o immediate_o follow_v thus_o quicuncque_fw-la libre_fw-la laicus_fw-la habuerit_fw-la in_o catallo_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o redditu_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 16._o marcarum_fw-la habeat_fw-la loricam_fw-la &_o cassidem_fw-la &_o clypeum_fw-la &_o lanceam_fw-la quicunque_fw-la libre_fw-la laicus_fw-la habuerit_fw-la in_o catello_n ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 10._o marcarum_fw-la habeas_fw-la habergellum_fw-la &_o capelet_n ferri_n &_o lanceam_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la burgenses_n &_o tota_fw-la communia_fw-la liberorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la habeant_fw-la wambais_n &_o capelet_n fervi_fw-la &_o lanceam_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o every_o freeman_n who_o be_v worth_a in_o rent_n or_o good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 16_o mark_n be_v to_o find_v as_o much_o arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o he_o that_o possess_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n and_o the_o mean_a townsman_n and_o the_o whole_a commonalty_n of_o freemen_n for_o so_o i_o translate_v the_o word_n ãâã_d libeâorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la be_v to_o find_v a_o caplet_n or_o head_n piece_n of_o iron_n beside_o
more_o material_a from_o eadmerus_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n meet_v the_o king_n at_o christmas_n ex_fw-la more_fw-it without_o any_o summon_v mention_v to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o summons_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o meet_v as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o this_o happen_v at_o christmas_n one_o of_o the_o usual_a time_n of_o their_o meeting_n this_o author_n may_v apply_v the_o title_n of_o this_o court_n to_o the_o council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o this_o be_v so_o will_v appear_v from_o a_o anonymous_n author_n who_o write_v in_o h._n 1._o his_o time_n publish_v by_o mr._n sylas_n taylor_n in_o his_o history_n of_o gravel-kind_n p._n 194_o who_o relate_v this_o election_n of_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n to_o have_v be_v make_v communi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la omnium_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la omniumque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbetum_fw-la tostusque_fw-la populi_n which_o certain_o must_v mean_v somewhat_o more_o than_o your_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o and_o this_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o matt._n pariâ_n who_o have_v be_v so_o careful_a as_o to_o mention_v a_o summons_n to_o a_o great_a council_n immediate_o after_o the_o hold_n of_o the_o curie_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o christmas_n the_o word_n be_v thus_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1237_o i_o e._n the_o 21th_o of_o hen._n 3._o senut_n rex_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_fw-la apud_fw-la win_v ãâ¦ã_z autem_fw-la continuo_fw-la per_fw-la omnes_fw-la fine_n angliae_fw-la scripta_fw-la regalia_z praecipiens_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la in_o octabis_fw-la epiphaniae_fw-la londentis_fw-la convenirent_fw-la now_o pray_v tell_v i_o if_o this_o curia_n hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it at_o christmas_n have_v be_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n consist_v of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o king_n coptinus_fw-la i._n e._n immediate_o issue_v out_o his_o writ_n for_o summon_v the_o very_a same_o person_n to_o meet_v he_o at_o london_n on_o the_o octave_n of_o st._n hillary_n when_o they_o be_v then_o all_o with_o the_o king_n at_o winchester_n and_o that_o he_o may_v have_v communicate_v what_o he_o have_v please_v to_o they_o or_o what_o have_v you_o to_o say_v to_o the_o curia_n or_o common_a council_n hold_v before_o in_o the_o nine_o of_o this_o king_n but_o eleven_o year_n after_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la when_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v confirm_v and_o a_o aid_n grant_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o matt._n paris_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1225._o relate_v thus_o which_o though_o i_o give_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o repeat_v again_o rex_fw-la henricut_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_fw-la termis_fw-la âââiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westmon_n praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la which_o word_n as_o i_o have_v already_o urge_v must_v comprehend_v some_o other_o person_n than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_z otherwise_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v often_o hold_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o ordinary_a curia_n and_o be_v by_o way_n of_o excellency_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n as_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n and_o curia_n and_o court_n differ_v no_o more_o than_o a_o latin_a name_n from_o a_o english_a which_o be_v likewise_o very_a well_o confirm_v and_o explain_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o walter_n of_o civentry_n to_o be_v find_v indiver_n private_a hand_n who_o live_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n 3._o and_o speak_v of_o this_o ãâã_d council_n or_o parliament_n which_o though_o it_o may_v begin_v at_o christmas_n with_o the_o curia_n yet_o it_o seem_v hold_v on_o till_o candlemass_n when_o the_o commons_o be_v join_v to_o it_o he_o ãâã_d thus_o in_o purtsicatione_fw-la beatae_fw-la marlie_n convocaniur_fw-fr apuâ_fw-la londân_n proceres_fw-la angliae_fw-la ibiq_fw-la tractatu_fw-la babito_fw-la dissustere_a cum_fw-la claro_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la ibiââm_fw-la conuâcato_fw-la rex_fw-la ãâã_d libertates_fw-la tam_fw-la ecclesââe_fw-la quam_fw-la regni_fw-la quam_fw-la forestââ_n sicut_fw-la cartie_n suae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ââ_o confect_v now_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o to_o judge_v whether_o by_o these_o word_n tractaâ_n diffusure_v babino_o cum_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la etc._n etc._n put_v after_o the_o call_n of_o the_o proceres_fw-la i._n e._n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la any_o thing_n can_v be_v mean_v but_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o commons_o all_o which_o be_v join_v in_o one_o body_n make_v up_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regui_fw-la and_o that_o this_o be_v so_o appear_v by_o the_o date_n of_o this_o great_a charter_n itself_o 11_o februaril_n anno_fw-la regui_fw-la nono_fw-la h._n 3._o but_o that_o the_o whole_a council_n or_o parliament_n when_o thus_o join_v be_v likewise_o call_v caria_n regis_fw-la i_o can_v prove_v by_o several_a example_n among_o which_o see_v the_o stat._n of_o mââon_n in_o 20_o hen._n 3._o beginning_n thus_o provisum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la henrico_n etc._n etc._n coram_fw-la will._n cant._n archi_n piscopo_fw-la &_o episcopis_fw-la suffraganeâs_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la naure_n parte_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_fw-la auglie_a ibidem_fw-la exillentium_fw-la pro_fw-la coronatione_fw-la cue_n they_fw-mi regis_n pro_fw-la quâ_n omnes_fw-la vocati_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ita_fw-la provisum_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o câncessum_fw-la ãâã_d â_o predictis_fw-la archiâpise_v epise_v commitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la now_o who_o can_v these_o alii_fw-la mean_v come_v thus_o after_o barones_n but_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v m._n i_o confess_v these_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v carry_v some_o colour_n of_o in_o argument_n but_o if_o they_o be_v look_v into_o will_v signify_v little_a to_o begin_v with_o your_o first_o quotation_n from_o matt._n pariâ_n suppose_v i_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v a_o curia_n ãâã_d more_o hold_v at_o westminster_n at_o which_o there_o then_o appear_v at_o court_n only_o a_o small_a number_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o the_o king_n not_o find_v they_o enough_o for_o the_o great_a affair_n he_o have_v then_o to_o communicate_v to_o they_o immediate_o issue_v out_o his_o royal_a writ_n to_o all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n there_o mention_v to_o appear_v at_o london_n on_o the_o octave_n of_o st._n hillary_n but_o how_o can_v you_o affirm_v there_o be_v any_o commons_o then_o summon_v in_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o they_o be_v now_o take_v the_o baron_n be_v the_o low_a order_n here_o express_o mention_v but_o if_o you_o will_v but_o have_v read_v the_o word_n that_o immediate_o follow_v in_o its_o place_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v you_o will_v easy_o see_v that_o your_o knight_n of_o ãâã_d and_o burgess_n can_v not_o then_o be_v there_o the_o word_n be_v these_o venti_fw-la iâiââ_n sancti_fw-la hiââarii_fw-la londoniâs_fw-la insiniâum_fw-la nâbilium_fw-la multitulo_fw-la how_o can_v these_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o have_v be_v elect_v and_o return_v in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n as_o between_o christmas_n and_o eight_o day_n after_o twelfth-tiââ_a so_o that_o there_o can_v have_v be_v scarce_o three_o week_n time_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o writ_n present_o after_o chistmass-day_n to_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o parliament_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v by_o this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la who_o be_v here_o say_v to_o have_v come_v to_o london_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o all_o appear_v at_o this_o council_n according_a to_o king_n john_n charter_n whereas_o your_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n if_o they_o have_v all_o come_v at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o be_v call_v infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la as_o not_o consist_v at_o this_o day_n of_o 600_o person_n and_o sure_o will_v have_v be_v few_o then_o but_o as_o for_o your_o other_o authority_n if_o this_o be_v true_a i_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o they_o will_v be_v as_o easy_o answer_v since_o by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la put_v before_o and_o distinct_a from_o the_o magnate_v in_o the_o passage_n you_o have_v now_o quote_v from_o mat._n paria_fw-la these_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v and_o by_o magnate_v the_o bishop_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o this_o also_o explain_v the_o like_a phrase_n you_o now_o cite_v from_o walter_n
cum_fw-la de_fw-la negoâiis_fw-la supra_fw-la dictis_fw-la &_o maxim_n the_o prosecutione_n negotii_fw-la siciliâe_fw-la diligenter_fw-la cum_fw-la iisdem_fw-la tractaremus_fw-la ac_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nobis_fw-la responderum_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la statum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la ratificandum_fw-la duxerimus_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la papa_n conditiones_n cirea_fw-la factum_fw-la siciliae_fw-la appositas_fw-la melioraverit_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la nigeâium_fw-la illud_fw-la prosequi_fw-la possâmus_fw-la cum_fw-la effectu_fw-la ipsi_fw-la diligentiam_fw-la fideliter_fw-la apponent_fw-la erga_fw-la communitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la praestetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o rest_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n but_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o take_v the_o word_n proceres_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la in_o your_o own_o sense_n the_o former_a for_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a for_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v call_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o business_n of_o sicily_n which_o kingdom_n the_o king_n have_v before_o too_o rash_o accept_v of_o from_o the_o pope_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v all_o meet_v they_o can_v do_v nothing_o but_o give_v he_o advice_n and_o can_v give_v he_o no_o commune_fw-la auxilium_fw-la i._n e._n common_a aid_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o what_o can_v this_o community_n signify_v but_o the_o commons_o for_o your_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v all_o meet_v already_o and_o if_o they_o alone_o make_v up_o the_o common_a university_n or_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o you_o suppose_v why_o can_v they_o not_o have_v immediate_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o assistance_n he_o desire_v if_o they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a power_n so_o to_o do_v without_o put_v he_o off_o with_o a_o promise_n that_o they_o will_v use_v their_o endeavour_n with_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o a_o distinct_a order_n or_o body_n of_o man_n that_o this_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n shall_v be_v give_v he_o and_o upon_o this_o condition_n it_o be_v that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o record_n the_o king_n promise_v they_o that_o before_o christmas_n he_o will_v mend_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n per_fw-la consilium_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o fidelium_fw-la hominum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la which_o can_v mean_v nothing_o less_o than_o a_o parliament_n which_o the_o next_o record_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n recite_v be_v to_o meet_v at_o oxford_n after_o the_o feast_n of_o penâicost_n which_o record_v since_o it_o not_o only_o recite_v the_o king_n oath_n whereby_o he_o have_v bind_v himself_o to_o observe_v the_o direction_n of_o a_o committee_n of_o 24â_n fideles_fw-la i_o e._n faithful_a or_o loyal_a 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_fw-la communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o 2._o die_v maeii_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o date_n as_o also_o by_o the_o entry_n on_o the_o roll_n that_o both_o these_o record_n be_v perfect_v at_o once_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o business_n and_o further_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o party_n appoint_v in_o the_o record_n to_o be_v choose_v ex_fw-la partâ_n procerum_fw-la 6._o be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o peer_n only_o may_v be_v see_v from_o a_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o same_o 42._o hen._n iii_o whereby_o henry_n de_fw-fr wengham_n dean_n of_o st._n martin_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr and_o then_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o john_n manseâ_n provost_n of_o beverlay_v be_v two_o of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o baron_n nor_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o i_o know_v of_o hue_n only_o eminent_a lawyer_n 391._o and_o man_n of_o great_a ability_n and_o so_o mere_a commoner_n yet_o mat._n westminster_n call_v these_o man_n proceres_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o passage_n speak_v of_o this_o whole_a committee_n videntes_fw-la ergo_fw-la proceres_fw-la antedicti_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la regimen_fw-la ãâã_d electi_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v only_o now_o conclude_v with_o a_o french_a record_n 199._o which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v also_o give_v we_o at_o large_a and_o which_o refer_v to_o the_o say_a committee_n of_o 24._o above_o mention_v it_o begin_v thus_o henry_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr etc._n etc._n a_o touz_v ceus_fw-la etc._n etc._n sachiez_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr profit_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reâume_fw-fr é_fw-fr a_fw-fr la_fw-fr request_n de_fw-fr nos_fw-la âauz_fw-fr homes_n é_fw-fr prodes_fw-la homes_n é_fw-fr du_fw-fr commun_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr râaume_n otreyames_n es_fw-la vinc_fw-la quatre_fw-fr homes_n eusâent_a pââr_n perqâ_n tous_fw-fr ce_fw-fr quill_n ordencirent_fw-la del_fw-it estate_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr reaume_n fust_v serm_n é_fw-fr stable_a the_o rest_n be_v very_o long_o you_o may_v read_v at_o your_o leisure_n only_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o date_n of_o this_o letter_n to_o which_o the_o king_n also_o put_v to_o his_o seal_n the_o conclusion_n be_v thus_o coste_n choose_v feu_fw-fr feite_v a_o lundre_v landemaigne_a prochein_o apros_fw-la la_fw-fr gaul_n bauââl'an_fw-fr de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr corronement_n quarente_n secundo_fw-la ibid._n and_o though_o the_o dr._n caâ_n make_v nothing_o of_o the_o word_n gaul_n baut_n this_o happen_v i_o suppose_v either_o from_o the_o bad_a write_n of_o the_o record_n or_o from_o the_o ignorance_n or_o mistake_n of_o the_o transcriber_n for_o it_o shall_v be_v gaeule_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aut_fw-la augusti_fw-la that_o be_v the_o gula_fw-la of_o august_n which_o be_v a_o great_a holy_a day_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o first_o of_o august_n call_v also_o st._n petri_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la in_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n peter_n chain_n cure_v of_o a_o roman_a virgin_n by_o her_o kiss_v they_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o this_o record_n that_o the_o hauz_fw-fr or_o prodes_fw-la homes_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v in_o the_o drâ_n own_o sense_n for_o high_a and_o wise_a man_n that_o be_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n yet_o the_o word_n è_fw-fr du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o immediate_o follow_v they_o must_v needs_o signify_v some_o body_n of_o man_n different_z from_o the_o former_a or_o else_o it_o have_v be_v a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n since_o if_o the_o former_a word_n have_v take_v in_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v in_o your_o sense_n the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v these_o word_n è_fw-mi du_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o be_v immediate_o subjoin_v since_o the_o hauz_fw-fr &_o prodes_fw-la homes_n will_v have_v serve_v to_o express_v all_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la whether_o take_v as_o great_a or_o as_o wise_a men._n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v will_v carry_v some_o weight_n with_o it_o be_v i_o not_o very_o well_o satisfy_v that_o you_o impose_v upon_o yourself_o by_o take_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n these_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la &_o communalti_fw-la in_o a_o wrong_a sense_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o they_o be_v now_o when_o indeed_o these_o word_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o nay_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._o as_o the_o learned_a dr._n show_v we_o in_o his_o 2d_o edition_n against_o mr._n p._n be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v either_o of_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_a consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n together_o with_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la call_v by_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o historian_n communitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la or_o else_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o style_v communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a record_n and_o this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v to_o
you_o by_o undoubted_a testimony_n but_o since_o you_o be_v now_o upon_o the_o prove_a part_n pray_v show_v i_o that_o these_o word_n i_o now_o mention_v do_v ever_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o be_v now_o take_v before_o the_o time_n we_o insist_v on_o and_o i_o have_v the_o more_o reason_n to_o desire_v this_o from_o you_o because_o it_o be_v chief_o from_o the_o mistake_a application_n of_o these_o word_n that_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n have_v impose_v their_o false_a notion_n upon_o the_o world_n f._n i_o shall_v undertake_v what_o you_o desire_v and_o i_o hope_v if_o i_o can_v satisfy_v you_o the_o fault_n will_v not_o lie_v in_o my_o authority_n but_o you_o prejudices_fw-la against_o they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o let_v i_o mind_n you_o how_o far_o you_o and_o i_o agree_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n when_o i_o grant_v you_o that_o these_o word_n now_o in_o dispute_n be_v very_o equivocal_a and_o be_v often_o take_v in_o different_a sense_n as_o sometime_o you_o say_v true_a for_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n sometime_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o baron_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n but_o never_o as_o i_o know_v of_o for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la much_o less_o for_o the_o body_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o nor_o be_v you_o then_o able_a to_o prove_v to_o i_o that_o these_o word_n must_v necessary_o be_v understand_v in_o your_o sense_n for_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o though_o you_o shall_v prove_v they_o sometime_o to_o be_v take_v in_o that_o sense_n yet_o will_v it_o rather_o make_v against_o then_o for_o your_o opinion_n since_o they_o must_v then_o signify_v a_o different_a body_n of_o man_n from_o your_o great_a lord_n and_o consequent_o as_o mere_a commoner_n as_o your_o knight_n of_o shire_n at_o this_o day_n which_o be_v against_o your_o first_o general_a assertion_n that_o by_o these_o word_n be_v always_o understand_v the_o community_n of_o the_o baronage_n only_o but_o to_o come_v to_o my_o proof_n which_o i_o shall_v divide_v in_o two_o part_n first_o i_o will_v prove_v that_o these_o word_n communitas_fw-la le_fw-fr commune_fw-la and_o communality_n when_o come_v immediate_o after_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n or_o count_n and_o baron_n or_o proceres_fw-la in_o our_o old_a statute_n and_o record_n do_v always_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o they_o be_v now_o take_v and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n iii_n when_o these_o word_n come_v first_o to_o be_v general_o in_o use_n and_o so_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n as_o low_o as_o rich._n ii_o and_o if_o i_o can_v show_v you_o that_o these_o word_n so_o put_v always_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o that_o time_n i_o think_v you_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v satisfy_v that_o these_o be_v never_o once_o upon_o a_o time_n such_o a_o strange_a alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o great_a council_n as_o you_o suppose_v yet_o none_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n or_o statute_n shall_v ever_o take_v any_o notice_n of_o it_o till_o these_o modern_a antiquary_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n to_o begin_v first_o with_o the_o word_n le_fw-fr commune_fw-la 16._o pray_v remember_v the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 48th_o of_o henry_n iii_o which_o i_o mention_v at_o our_o last_o meeting_n viz._n the_o âorâ_n of_o the_o peaâe_n between_o this_o king_n p._n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n the_o title_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la pacis_fw-la à _fw-la dom._n râge_n &_o dom._n edw._n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la praelatis_fw-la proceribus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la âota_fw-la râgni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communiter_fw-la &_o concorditer_fw-la approbata_fw-la now_o pray_v what_o can_v these_o word_n communitate_fw-la âota_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o else_o it_o will_v be_v a_o gross_a tautology_n and_o pray_v compare_v this_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n now_o mention_v with_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o the_o 49th_o of_o this_o king_n when_o your_o dr._n grant_v the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o see_v if_o there_o be_v any_o change_n in_o the_o term_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o very_a writ_n of_o expense_n for_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n which_o the_o dr._n himself_o have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n â_o it_o be_v the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n dârsâ_n wherein_o after_o other_o recital_n it_o follow_v thus_o cumque_fw-la communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la dictorum_fw-la variâs_fw-la hoc_fw-la annâ_n ââcerinâ_fw-la prastationes_fw-la ad_fw-la defensi_fw-la nâm_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o therefore_o command_v the_o say_a sheriff_n quod_fw-la danbus_fw-la militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la communitate_fw-la dicti_fw-la comitaââs_fw-la praefaâo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v pay_v their_o reasonable_a expense_n de_fw-fr communitate_fw-la comitatus_fw-la praedicti_fw-la for_o go_v to_o and_o stay_v at_o and_o return_v from_o the_o say_a parliament_n etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o communitates_fw-la in_o this_o writ_n can_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o but_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_a unless_o you_o can_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v perform_v these_o varias_fw-la praesâaâiones_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n and_o that_o none_o but_o they_o then_o contribute_v to_o these_o expense_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n otherwise_o these_o word_n must_v plain_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o like_a writ_n of_o the_o 28_o of_o king_n edward_n i._n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o i_o shall_v first_o show_v you_o a_o few_o other_o record_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n 16._o concern_v the_o word_n la_fw-fr câmmunâ_n which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o they_o be_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o the_o 51st_o of_o this_o king_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n &_o des_fw-fr counâs_n &_o des_fw-fr baron_n &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o all_o his_o company_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o roll_n the_o king_n by_o the_o council_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o say_a count_n &_o baron_n &_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr pardon_n the_o city_n of_o london_n all_o manner_n of_o rancour_n and_o ill_a will._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la in_o these_o act_n of_o pardon_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n of_o the_o 49th_o now_o cite_v since_o they_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o count_n &_o baron_n and_o so_o must_v needs_o signify_v a_o body_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n la_fw-fr commune_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v here_o signify_v the_o commâns_n of_o the_o land_n as_o that_o the_o word_n communitates_fw-la comitatus_fw-la shall_v signify_v the_o community_n or_o commons_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n m._n will_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o question_n present_o because_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v very_o material_a before_o you_o proceed_v far_o there_o may_v in_o my_o opinion_n very_o good_a reason_n be_v give_v 1._o why_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la &_o la_fw-fr commune_fw-la may_v signify_v the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n and_o yet_o signify_v the_o commons_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_n in_o the_o writ_n for_o expense_n you_o have_v now_o mention_v as_o first_o because_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v different_a in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o act_n of_o pardon_n from_o that_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o expense_n the_o one_o be_v the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o other_o communitas_fw-la comitatus_fw-la only_o call_v also_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n communitates_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la and_o then_o i_o grant_v when_o thus_o use_v it_o always_o signify_v the_o commons_o in_o general_a and_o there_o may_v
indeed_o if_o the_o word_n have_v be_v milites_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tânântes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la you_o have_v say_v somewhat_o but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v all_o mere_a supposition_n without_o any_o ground_n but_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o last_o woâds_n in_o this_o charter_n &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la what_o can_v they_o mean_v âut_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o fifteen_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_a m._n if_o you_o do_v not_o like_o our_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la terentes_fw-la i_o can_v help_v it_o nor_o shall_v i_o dispute_v they_o long_o with_o you_o but_o as_o for_o this_o last_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n 65._o &_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la it_o only_a mean_n all_o these_o who_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o general_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o when_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v regnum_fw-la &_o sâcerdotium_n by_o regnum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v both_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a baron_n great_a and_o small_a the_o king_n justice_n or_o any_o other_o that_o exercit_v any_o share_n or_o ministerial_a part_n of_o the_o government_n as_o perhaps_o all_o those_o diâ_n one_o way_n or_o other_o by_o come_v to_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o quadri_fw-la partiâe_v history_n concern_v thomâs_n becket_n thus_o rex_fw-la apud_fw-la clarendun_v regnum_fw-la convo_fw-la aâ_n universum_fw-la quò_fw-la come_v venisâ_n ut_fw-la prasules_a &_o proceres_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n the_o whole_a baronage_n call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n or_o a_o full_a meeting_n of_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a baron_n both_o great_a and_o small_a i_o pray_v also_o remember_v that_o passage_n you_o yourself_o make_v use_v of_o but_o now_o out_o of_o mat._n paris_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o that_o after_o the_o curia_n hold_v at_o christmas_n the_o king_n immediate_o issue_v out_o his_o writ_n command_a omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la to_o appear_v at_o london_n and_o yet_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o more_o mention_v to_o be_v summon_v than_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n 65._o so_o that_o we_o may_v hence_o learn_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o these_o word_n omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o charter_n for_o these_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la in_o mat._n paris_n the_o regnum_fw-la or_o government_n the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o totalis_fw-la regni_fw-la universitas_fw-la the_o insluita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la and_o also_o give_v we_o the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 19_o the_o henry_n the_o three_o dor._n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o somersershie_n scias_n quod_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v further_o explain_v by_o a_o writ_n in_o the_o same_o roll_n about_o the_o same_o business_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o sussex_n which_o you_o have_v likewise_o cite_v begin_v thus_o 8._o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la arohiepiscopi_n episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capire_n nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o the_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v the_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenant_n in_fw-la capite_fw-la which_o be_v then_o all_o the_o regnum_fw-la or_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la so_o likewise_o it_o may_v be_v far_o prove_v from_o a_o record_n of_o the_o 48_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o 5._o rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la venerabiles_fw-la patres_fw-la g._n e._n eborum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alii_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la milites_fw-la libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nobis_fw-la nuper_fw-la in_o articulo_fw-la necessitatiâ_n servitium_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la &_o sulisidium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o i_o may_v also_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o writ_n i_o cite_v but_o now_o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la etc._n etc._n comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comiâaru_n kanciae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lew_v of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o knight_n he_o in_o that_o country_n now_o this_o writ_n can_v not_o be_v direct_v to_o all_o the_o man_n in_o kent_n but_o to_o all_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n for_o not_o a_o forty_o part_n of_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o military_a service_n so_o that_o these_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la and_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la comitatus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v for_o by_o omnes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n in_o general_n can_v not_o be_v understand_v for_o they_o never_o be_v summon_v no_o not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o they_o to_o meet_v in_o great_a council_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v and_o perhaps_o not_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pay_v to_o this_o fifteen_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o many_o servant_n villainâ_n bondman_n and_o many_o such_o people_n there_o be_v than_o in_o the_o nation_n that_o pay_v nothing_o f._n you_o have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o perplex_v and_o darken_v word_n in_o themselves_o very_o clear_a and_o perspicuous_a for_o methinks_v it_o be_v a_o strange_a piece_n of_o confidence_n in_o your_o doctor_n when_o the_o charter_n say_v expresy_o that_o omnes_fw-la dâ_n regno_fw-la all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v this_o 15_o to_o restrain_v this_o act_n only_o to_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v indeed_o to_o make_v word_n signify_v any_o thing_n he_o fancy_v but_o to_o answer_v your_o authority_n which_o be_v found_v all_o upon_o false_a supposition_n without_o any_o proof_n as_o to_o your_o authority_n from_o the_o quadrilogus_fw-la history_n of_o thomas_n bâecket_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o praesules_fw-la and_o prâceres_fw-la be_v there_o call_v regnum_fw-la the_o kingdom_n but_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o last_o meet_v that_o this_o word_n proceres_fw-la be_v of_o so_o comprehensive_a signification_n that_o it_o take_v in_o all_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v lord_n as_o those_o that_o be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o magistrate_n of_o our_o city_n and_o great_a town_n be_v often_o style_v proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n and_o certain_o the_o great_a freeholders_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n do_v much_o more_o just_o deserve_v that_o title_n as_o for_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n where_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la spectantes_fw-la this_o be_v but_o a_o general_a way_n of_o expression_n in_o this_o author_n and_o prove_v nothing_o for_o either_o the_o word_n barones_n take_v in_o all_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o it_o do_v not_o if_o the_o latter_a than_o this_o author_n do_v not_o exact_o recite_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n who_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v appear_v there_o since_o the_o great_a baron_n alone_o can_v never_o make_v this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la mention_v in_o this_o author_n if_o the_o former_a than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o thereby_o comprehend_v more_o than_o those_o who_o be_v real_o baron_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o so_o nor_o be_v so_o much_o as_o call_v so_o in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o then_o make_v the_o most_o of_o this_o word_n barones_n it_o may_v in_o a_o large_a and_o common_a acceptation_n take_v in_o all_o the_o chief_a freeholders_n or_o lord_n of_o manor_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v often_o call_v baron_n in_o our_o ancient_a historian_n and_o law_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n king_n and_o mr._n cambden_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o word_n baronagium_n omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continarentur_fw-la this_o i_o say_v suppose_v that_o by_o this_o infinita_fw-la nobilium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v all_o the_o chief_n gentry_n or_o freeholders_n of_o england_n call_v often_o nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o make_v
to_o the_o like_a exaction_n of_o his_o son_n hân_o the_o three_o which_o be_v brand_v by_o all_o writer_n as_o horrible_a and_o illegal_a oppression_n nay_o be_v own_a to_o be_v so_o by_o this_o king_n frequent_a confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o breach_n of_o they_o and_o promise_v to_o observe_v they_o better_o for_o the_o future_a but_o i_o be_o sorry_a to_o find_v your_o doctor_n who_o you_o follow_v both_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o mr._n a._n as_o also_o in_o his_o complete_a history_n still_o to_o cite_v the_o most_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n nay_o the_o very_a perjury_n for_o âlowers_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o as_o for_o the_o authority_n you_o urge_v for_o this_o king_n talliate_v his_o demesne_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o this_o talliage_n be_v not_o general_a upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o can_v only_o concern_v his_o own_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesn_a and_o none_o else_o who_o be_v always_o exempt_v from_o be_v tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n because_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o yield_v the_o king_n a_o reasonable_a talliage_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la whensoever_o he_o need_v it_o yet_o this_o be_v count_v rather_o a_o privilege_n than_o otherwise_o since_o they_o be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o all_o other_o burden_n and_o parliamentary_a attendance_n but_o be_v also_o tax_v much_o less_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tilling_n the_o king_n land_n but_o when_o this_o reasonable_a prerogative_n grow_v to_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o exaction_n levy_v upon_o they_o become_v intolerable_a than_o they_o will_v no_o long_o suffer_v it_o but_o get_v it_o take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la after_o which_o we_o find_v the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n frequent_o give_v their_o share_n of_o aide_n 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you_o seem_v to_o assert_v the_o former_a and_o sometime_o the_o latter_a f._n i_o confess_v it_o be_v not_o my_o humour_n to_o be_v positive_a in_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o the_o least_o doubtful_a or_o obscure_a and_o therefore_o as_o i_o will_v not_o maintain_v that_o knight_n of_o shire_n always_o a_o constituent_a part_n of_o parliament_n before_o your_o conquest_n or_o present_o be_v after_o though_o it_o be_v positive_o assert_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la since_o the_o antiquity_n of_o that_o piece_n be_v just_o question_v by_o mr._n selden_n and_o other_o modern_a antiquary_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o shall_v not_o assert_v that_o they_o be_v not_o there_o at_o all_o but_o this_o much_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n long_o before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o 18_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o but_o as_o for_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n 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first_o appear_v at_o our_o great_a council_n i_o shall_v therefore_o give_v you_o another_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o same_o old_a monk_n sulcardus_n which_o immediate_o follow_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n but_o now_o cite_v and_o it_o have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o not_o only_o by_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o etc._n etc._n but_o by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n himself_o in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciale_n as_o also_o by_o the_o author_n of_o argumentum_fw-la aâtinormaunicum_n to_o prove_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o a_o great_a council_n in_o the_o 9th_o year_n of_o k._n william_n the_o first_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1075._o the_o word_n as_o cite_v in_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n be_v these_o that_o after_o the_o king_n have_v subscribe_v his_o name_n to_o this_o charter_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n add_v many_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n instead_o of_o cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la have_v these_o word_n multis_fw-la praeterea_fw-la illustrissimis_fw-la virorum_fw-la personis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la omissis_fw-la qui_fw-la huic_fw-la confirmationi_fw-la piisimo_fw-la affectu_fw-la testes_fw-la &_o âautores_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la hii_n autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempore_fw-la à _fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o urbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christiane_n ecclesâe_fw-la audiendis_fw-la &_o tractandis_fw-la ad_fw-la praescriptum_fw-la celeberriumum_fw-la coenobium_fw-la quod_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la convoceti_n now_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o this_o author_n provincia_n that_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n do_v render_v provincia_n for_o a_o county_n or_o shire_n m._n i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v
synod_n may_v if_o it_o have_v please_v have_v either_o make_v more_o parish_n church_n or_o unite_a other_o where_o there_o be_v many_o as_o we_o find_v be_v do_v in_o divers_a great_a council_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o shall_v it_o not_o then_o have_v be_v say_v to_o have_v meet_v pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la for_o the_o business_n of_o each_o parish_n as_o well_o as_o cathedral_n church_n last_o the_o dr._n will_v have_v all_o these_o great_a clergy_n ãâ¦ã_z layman_n only_o to_o meet_v at_o this_o council_n to_o advise_v the_o king_n about_o what_o far_a removal_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o bishop_n bee_n as_o if_o thereupon_o he_o have_v have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o make_v what_o law_n about_o they_o without_o their_o consent_n or_o that_o of_o the_o lay-nobility_n who_o though_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v always_o present_a in_o such_o synod_n and_o assembly_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o give_v they_o any_o vote_n therein_o whereas_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o charter_n in_o sulcardus_n but_o now_o cite_v that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_z earls_z and_o baron_n who_o name_n be_v to_o it_o consenserunt_fw-la &_o signaverunt_fw-la and_o it_o be_v ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la rage_n &_o supra_fw-la dictis_fw-la personis_fw-la testificata_fw-la consixmata_fw-la &_o auctoxiâata_fw-la which_o if_o i_o understand_v latin_a signify_v not_o only_o that_o they_o witness_v but_o also_o assent_v to_o authorize_v and_o confirm_v it_o which_o also_o more_o plain_o appear_v more_o full_o by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n stephens_n but_o now_o cite_v all_o which_o the_o dr._n pass_v by_o as_o sly_o as_o a_o commentator_n do_v those_o word_n in_o a_o text_n of_o scripture_n that_o make_v against_o his_o sense_n for_o this_o have_v quite_o ruin_v and_o destroy_v his_o fine_a notion_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n then_o whole_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o bishop_n abbot_n dignify_a clergyman_n and_o great_a nobleman_n who_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o do_v there_o but_o to_o look_v on_o whilst_o the_o king_n alone_o make_v the_o law_n to_o conclude_v to_o show_v you_o that_o this_o assembly_n be_v not_o only_o a_o ecclesiastical_a synod_n but_o civil_a council_n also_o or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o i_o will_v give_v you_o two_o good_a testimony_n for_o it_o that_o we_o be_v not_o alone_o in_o this_o opinion_n the_o first_o be_v from_o mr._n summoner_n glossary_a parliamentum_fw-la synodus_fw-la magna_fw-la voâatur_fw-la and_o to_o confirm_v this_o there_o be_v write_v in_o a_o old_a hand_n in_o the_o margin_n of_o this_o manuscript_n of_o sulcardus_n over_o against_o the_o passage_n now_o cite_v this_o note_n nota_fw-la hic_fw-la amnâs_fw-la comârari_fw-la at_o rege_fw-la sua_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la ad_fw-la causas_fw-la religionis_fw-la tractandas_fw-la tam_fw-la nobitas_fw-la de_fw-la clero_fw-la quam_fw-la principes_fw-la regni_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la inferioris_fw-la gradus_fw-la quorum_fw-la ãâã_d videtur_fw-la essa_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la m._n yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o dr._n have_v plain_o prove_v from_o several_a quotation_n from_o gervas_n of_o canterbury_n rich._n of_o haâulstad_n 302._o and_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o florence_n that_o the_o word_n prââiââia_n in_o this_o place_n signify_v a_o bishop_n diocese_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o be_v summon_v out_o of_o those_o province_n or_o diocese_n be_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o great_a clergyman_n fâpunc_fw-la i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o this_o word_n provincia_n do_v sometime_o in_o our_o ancient_a author_n signify_v in_o a_o ecclesiastical_a sense_n the_o diocese_n of_o a_o bishop_n we_o these_o author_n the_o dr._n have_v here_o cite_v show_v we_o yet_o that_o it_o must_v be_v take_v in_o a_o more_o unlimited_a signification_n in_o this_o place_n be_v also_o as_o certain_a since_o beside_o that_o this_o word_n provinâsia_n do_v most_o common_o signifiâ_n a_o shire_n or_o county_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v the_o very_a context_n sufficient_o prove_v it_o since_o bulcardus_fw-la say_v express_o that_o the_o chief_a person_n of_o both_o order_n be_v summon_v from_o the_o county_n or_o province_n as_o i_o already_o say_v which_o when_o it_o refer_v to_o layman_n we_o well_o as_o to_o the_o clergy_n i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o it_o can_v signify_v diocese_n only_o but_o that_o beside_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n there_o be_v a_o great_a ãâã_d more_o person_n prosess_v at_o this_o council_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n the_o dr._n himself_o confess_v let_v we_o therefore_o consult_v the_o author_n themselves_o which_o dr._n brady_n have_v cite_v for_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n provincia_n and_o let_v we_o see_v how_o fair_o he_o have_v deal_v with_o they_o now_o pray_v sir_n observe_v it_o be_v true_a the_o same_o word_n be_v almost_o repeat_v verbatim_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o historian_n ibid._n r._n hagulstad_n gervas_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o continuation_n of_o florence_n who_o all_o speak_v of_o a_o general_n synod_n hold_v at_o westminster_n a._n d._n 1138_o be_v the_o three_o of_o king_n stephen_n in_o those_o word_n decima_fw-la tertiâ_n die_v decembrie_n celebraetae_fw-la est_fw-la synodus_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonaââ_n cui_fw-la praesuâ_n albericus_fw-la hostleâsit_fw-la episcopus_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la legatus_fw-la cum_fw-la episâopis_fw-la diversarum_fw-la proviâoiarum_fw-la numero_fw-la xvii_o abbatibus_fw-la sere_a xxx_o here_o the_o dr._n conclude_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n now_o see_v what_o lie_v hide_v under_o this_o etc._n etc._n in_o r._n of_o hagulââad_n and_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o florence_n it_o follow_v thus_o cum_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n multitudine_fw-la numerosa_fw-la in_o gervase_n of_o ãâã_d almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n cum_fw-la innumera_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n multitudine_fw-la now_o pray_v tell_v i_o ingenuous_o what_o can_v be_v the_o doctor_n meaning_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v so_o exact_a in_o all_o his_o quotation_n to_o leave_v out_o this_o so_o material_a a_o passage_n in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o author_n with_o this_o etc._n etc._n unless_o it_o be_v that_o he_o be_v afraid_a his_o reader_n shall_v take_v notice_n how_o numerous_a this_o council_n be_v both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n which_o if_o he_o have_v do_v it_o will_v have_v quite_o overthrow_v and_o destroy_v his_o notion_n of_o tenanââ_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o let_v the_o world_n have_v know_v that_o this_o council_n consist_v of_o a_o far_o great_a number_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n than_o 17_o bishop_n and_o 30_o abbot_n now_o have_v such_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o mr._n petyt_n it_o will_v have_v be_v brand_v by_o the_o dr._n with_o the_o hard_a term_n of_o take_v away_o or_o leave_v unrecited_a such_o word_n and_o matter_n as_o he_o think_v will_v either_o advance_v or_o destroy_v his_o assertion_n as_o he_o how_o just_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o you_o to_o judge_v accuse_v mr._n p._n in_o his_o title_n to_o his_o first_o edition_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o he_o but_o turpe_fw-la est_fw-la doctori_fw-la cum_fw-la culpa_fw-la redarguit_fw-la ipsum_fw-la m._n i_o can_v believe_v the_o dr._n have_v any_o sinister_a meaning_n in_o leave_v out_o this_o passage_n but_o do_v it_o either_o because_o as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o he_o suppose_v these_o expression_n as_o only_o hyperbolical_a phrase_n by_o which_o these_o monkish_a writer_n use_v to_o express_v all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a or_o lay-member_n of_o those_o council_n or_o else_o because_o he_o do_v not_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n since_o he_o may_v not_o look_v upon_o this_o innumerable_a company_n of_o clergy_n and_o people_n here_o mention_v to_o have_v have_v any_o share_n or_o voice_n in_o this_o great_a council_n but_o only_o to_o have_v come_v thither_o as_o idle_a spectator_n 30._o aâ_n the_o dr._n show_v we_o the_o populus_fw-la do_v at_o the_o make_n of_o lanfrane_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n nor_o yet_o that_o they_o or_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobleman_n choose_v he_o but_o only_o all_o applaud_v the_o king_n choice_n but_o that_o the_o dr._n be_v not_o afraid_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n that_o in_o those_o hospitable_a day_n be_v wont_a to_o flock_v to_o such_o assembly_n pray_v see_v what_o he_o say_v in_o his_o series_n of_o english_a great_a council_n or_o parliament_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o introduction_n to_o english_a history_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o election_n of_o archbishop_n anselm_n 54._o he_o recite_v this_o passage_n out_o of_o a_o epistle_n in_o eadmerus_n huiâ_n electioni_fw-la assueruns_fw-la episcopâ_n abbates_n &_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o ingens_fw-la populi_n multitude_n the_o ordinary_a people_n say_v the_o dr._n come_v to_o shout_n and_o make_v a_o noise_n at_o such_o meeting_n and_o only_o for_o good_a victual_n and_o
england_n at_o this_o day_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o far_o dispute_v this_o matter_n at_o this_o time_n therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o authority_n out_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n prove_v that_o any_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v there_o f._n though_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v from_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o as_o also_o from_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o many_o more_o member_n than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o the_o historian_n and_o armalist_n of_o those_o time_n do_v comprehend_v all_o the_o several_a order_n under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la or_o magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o chron._n of_o thom._n wike_n a._n d._n 1237._o where_o it_o be_v only_o say_v in_o general_a that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la regni_fw-la do_v in_o that_o year_n be_v the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o grant_v the_o king_n a_o 30_o the_o of_o all_o their_o movable_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a the_o parliament_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o 1264._o be_v 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n be_v only_o thus_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n in_o a_o historical_a way_n transacto_fw-la siquidem_fw-la viceâmo_fw-la die_fw-la nâtivitatis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la sacta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n pes_fw-la comitem_fw-la seil_fw-fr leyeestriae_fw-la convocatio_fw-la non_fw-la minima_fw-la procerum_fw-la anglicorum_n etc._n etc._n where_o in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n in_o this_o year_n it_o be_v only_o say_v factum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la magnum_fw-la londonia_n etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v observe_v that_o either_o the_o commons_o be_v mention_v by_o wike_n under_o the_o name_n of_o proceres_fw-la or_o not_o at_o all_o and_o that_o under_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la the_o commons_o be_v then_o comprehend_v appear_v by_o the_o agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n there_o extant_a 217._o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v de_fw-fr unanimi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la sâili_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la praeletorum_fw-la vomitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o communitatis_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la now_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v since_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o that_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o and_o consequent_o must_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o phrase_n of_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o first_o time_n they_o have_v be_v summon_v it_o be_v strange_a none_o of_o these_o author_n shall_v take_v any_o notice_n of_o so_o remarkable_a a_o alteration_n and_o change_v of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o bârgesses_n be_v also_o summon_v in_o the_o next_o year_n in_o a_o parliament_n of_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o say_a wike_n chronicle_n 8â_n ann._n dom._n 1265._o where_o he_o set_v down_o all_o the_o constituent_a estate_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v summon_v to_o meet_v at_o westminster_n at_o the_o translation_n of_o st._n edward_n relic_n in_o these_o word_n convocatis_fw-la universis_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la cunctarum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la civitatum_fw-la paritir_n &_o burgorum_n potentioribus_fw-la ut_fw-la translationis_fw-la solemnia_fw-la celebrius_fw-la illustrarent_fw-la wherethe_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v comprehend_v under_o magnates_n and_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v here_o style_v potentiores_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o only_o for_o a_o mere_a ceremony_n but_o for_o parliament_n business_n also_o see_v the_o next_o page_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o celebratae_fw-la tundem_fw-la tuntae_fw-la translationis_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la ââperunt_fw-la nobiles_fw-la i._n e._n all_o the_o estate_n above_o mention_v ut_fw-la assolent_fw-la parliamentationis_fw-la genere_fw-la de_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la pertracture_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o which_o parliament_n the_o king_n so_o far_o prevail_v as_o to_o obtain_v a_o 20_o the_o part_n of_o all_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o yet_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o year_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o only_o say_v in_o general_n that_o st._n edward_n body_n be_v this_o year_n translate_v into_o its_o new_a shrine_n and_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n print_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n under_o this_o year_n make_v mention_n 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necessary_a consequence_n of_o your_o sense_n of_o this_o oath_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n and_o consider_v the_o late_a scene_n of_o affair_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o indifferent_a foreiner_n though_o a_o papist_n which_o be_v most_o likely_a before_o the_o unexpected_a come_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n into_o this_o kingdom_n that_o the_o people_n shall_v rise_v up_o in_o arm_n and_o expel_v the_o king_n from_o his_o throne_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o pretend_a sense_n of_o this_o oath_n back_v by_o your_o doctrine_n of_o passive_a obedience_n have_v enslave_v this_o nation_n and_o set_v up_o what_o government_n and_o religion_n he_o please_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v you_o have_v give_v a_o very_a cunning_n and_o specious_a gloss_n upon_o the_o word_n of_o this_o oath_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v legal_a or_o not_o i_o very_o 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it_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v as_o well_o destroy_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o edg-hill_n or_o naseby_n as_o his_o great_a grandfather_n king_n james_n the_o three_o of_o scotland_n be_v in_o that_o battle_n against_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n head_v by_o his_o own_o son_n so_o that_o according_a to_o your_o interpretation_n instead_o of_o mend_v the_o matter_n this_o parliament_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o have_v only_o leave_v it_o far_o worse_o than_o they_o find_v it_o for_o whereas_o the_o long_a parliament_n make_v themselves_o the_o sole_a judge_n and_o redresser_n of_o the_o king_n violation_n of_o the_o people_n right_n now_o according_a to_o your_o interpretation_n of_o this_o oath_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o king_n charleâ's_n the_o second_o every_o private_a man_n may_v not_o only_o judge_v of_o the_o king_n violation_n of_o the_o law_n by_o his_o military_a commission_n but_o also_o make_v resistance_n against_o they_o whenever_o 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about_o to_o ravish_v rob_n or_o murder_v his_o people_n but_o now_o you_o raise_v another_o difficulty_n who_o shall_v judge_v and_o consequent_o make_v this_o resistance_n against_o the_o king_n commission_n when_o execute_v by_o illegal_a person_n to_o illegal_a and_o violent_a end_n for_o if_o the_o people_n may_v judge_v for_o themselves_o of_o the_o illegality_n of_o such_o commission_n a_o rebellion_n may_v be_v raise_v and_o his_o majesty_n person_n endanger_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o provision_n the_o parliament_n have_v make_v against_o it_o but_o before_o i_o answer_v this_o argument_n of_o you_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o one_o or_o two_o question_n do_v you_o think_v the_o king_n be_v late_a declaration_n for_o the_o dispense_v power_n and_o the_o commission_n grant_v thereupon_o to_o be_v according_a to_o law_n or_o not_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o think_v they_o be_v unlawful_a yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o they_o may_v be_v therefore_o resist_v f._n i_o do_v not_o ask_v you_o that_o now_o but_o only_o tell_v i_o whether_o you_o think_v the_o bishop_n be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o disperse_v that_o declaration_n or_o the_o clergy_n to_o read_v it_o in_o their_o church_n and_o whether_o those_o have_v do_v well_o who_o have_v refuse_v to_o read_v it_o m._n i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o be_o so_o good_a a_o protestant_n and_o so_o true_a a_o englishman_n that_o i_o can_v allow_v the_o king_n that_o power_n and_o therefore_o i_o must_v grant_v that_o the_o bishop_n do_v noble_o and_o like_o true_a christian_a bishop_n to_o refuse_v to_o disperse_v it_o and_o where_o it_o be_v disperse_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n have_v do_v very_o well_o not_o to_o read_v it_o f._n well_o then_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o dreadful_a mischief_n proceed_v from_o private_a subject_n jude_v of_o the_o legality_n or_o illegality_n of_o the_o king_n declaration_n and_o commission_n or_o command_v yet_o they_o may_v it_o seem_v not_o only_o judge_v whether_o they_o be_v lawful_a or_o not_o but_o a_o disobedience_n to_o they_o may_v not_o only_o be_v lawful_o exercise_v but_o be_v very_o commendable_a now_o what_o be_v this_o disobedience_n to_o these_o command_n but_o a_o moral_a or_o civil_a resistance_n of_o the_o king_n power_n in_o this_o matter_n and_o why_o may_v not_o such_o a_o judgement_n he_o make_v by_o the_o people_n in_o as_o plain_a a_o case_n and_o also_o resistance_n follow_v thereupon_o against_o such_o violent_a illegal_a commission_n suppose_v to_o raise_v money_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o to_o dragoon_n man_n to_o go_v to_o mass_n since_o the_o violence_n be_v more_o evident_a and_o apparent_a in_o this_o case_n upon_o man_n person_n than_o in_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o bare_a conscience_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n for_o the_o force_n be_v more_o immediate_a and_o press_v upon_o their_o person_n and_o estate_n
be_v resist_v and_o yet_o be_v still_o unaccountable_a those_o two_o differ_v as_o must_v we_o self-defence_n do_v from_o punishment_n as_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o tell_v you_o m._n i_o can_v rest_v satisfy_v with_o this_o reply_n for_o though_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o 193._o that_o a_o act_n without_o a_o legal_a authority_n carry_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o along_o with_o it_o and_o therefore_o can_v oblige_v the_o subject_a to_o obedience_n now_o this_o be_v true_a if_o by_o obedience_n you_o mean_v a_o active_a obedience_n for_o i_o be_o not_o bind_v to_o do_v a_o ill_a thing_n or_o a_o illegal_a action_n because_o my_o prince_n command_v i_o but_o if_o you_o mean_v passive_a obedience_n it_o be_v as_o manifest_o false_a for_o i_o be_o bind_v to_o obey_v that_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v my_o prince_n when_o he_o offer_v i_o the_o most_o unjust_a and_o illegal_a violence_n nay_o it_o be_v very_o false_a and_o absurd_a to_o say_v that_o every_o illegal_a be_v 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so_o much_o authority_n and_o obligation_n with_o it_o that_o the_o injure_v person_n have_v no_o redress_n but_o must_v patient_o submit_v and_o thus_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v or_o there_o can_v be_v no_o end_n of_o dispute_n nor_o any_o order_n or_o government_n observe_v in_o human_a society_n and_o this_o be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n that_o though_o the_o law_n be_v the_o rule_n according_a to_o which_o prince_n ought_v to_o exercise_v their_o authority_n and_o power_n yet_o the_o authority_n be_v not_o in_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o person_n that_o execute_v they_o for_o otherwise_o why_o be_v not_o a_o sentence_n pronounce_v according_a to_o law_n by_o a_o private_a person_n of_o as_o much_o authority_n as_o a_o sentence_n pronounce_v by_o a_o judge_n or_o how_o do_v a_o illegal_a sentence_n pronounce_v by_o a_o judge_n come_v to_o have_v any_o authority_n for_o a_o sentence_n contrary_a to_o law_n can_v have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n and_o why_o be_v a_o legal_a or_o illegal_a sentence_n reversible_a and_o alterable_a when_o pronounce_v by_o one_o judge_n and_o irreversible_a and_o unalterable_a when_o pronounce_v by_o another_o for_o the_o law_n be_v the_o same_o and_o the_o sentence_n be_v the_o same_o either_o according_a to_o law_n or_o against_o it_o whoever_o the_o judge_n be_v but_o indeed_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o person_n be_v not_o the_o same_o and_o that_o make_v the_o difference_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o authority_n in_o person_n in_o some_o sense_n distinct_a from_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n nay_o superior_a to_o it_o for_o there_o be_v such_o a_o authority_n as_o though_o it_o can_v make_v a_o illegal_a act_n legal_a yet_o it_o can_v and_o often_o do_v make_v a_o illegal_a act_n bind_v and_o obligatory_a to_o the_o subject_n when_o pronounce_v by_o a_o competent_a judge_n f._n i_o think_v notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v now_o say_v your_o distinction_n of_o a_o supreme_a authority_n in_o person_n above_o and_o distinct_a from_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n will_v prove_v a_o mere_a notion_n for_o you_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o just_a or_o legal_a authority_n to_o act_v against_o law_n and_o that_o if_o he_o put_v any_o man_n to_o death_n contrary_a to_o it_o it_o be_v downright_a murder_n but_o you_o will_v not_o allow_v that_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v thus_o murder_v never_o so_o many_o thousand_o either_o he_o or_o those_o instrument_n of_o tyranny_n may_v be_v resist_v and_o therefore_o you_o will_v fain_o top_v upon_o i_o your_o old_a distinction_n of_o a_o active_a and_o passive_a obedience_n the_o former_a of_o which_o i_o very_o well_o understand_v but_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a i_o have_v long_o since_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v any_o obedience_n that_o it_o be_v indeed_o downright_a disobedience_n or_o a_o refusal_n to_o do_v that_o which_o the_o prince_n command_v so_o that_o true_o yourself_o have_v teach_v i_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o king_n be_v personal_a authority_n and_o his_o legal_a for_o otherwise_o why_o be_v you_o not_o as_o much_o oblige_v to_o yield_v a_o active_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n be_v personal_a illegal_a commission_n or_o command_v as_o to_o his_o legal_a one_o if_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o so_o then_o all_o the_o difference_n between_o we_o lie_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o disobedience_n you_o maintain_v that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a not_o to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o such_o illegal_a commission_n and_o command_n and_o i_o that_o beside_o this_o denial_n of_o obedience_n if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o fundamental_a point_n and_o that_o which_o general_o concern_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o be_v disobey_v but_o resist_v too_o if_o force_v upon_o we_o with_o violence_n and_o therefore_o all_o that_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o authority_n to_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o submit_v consist_v not_o in_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o person_n though_o act_v contrary_a to_o law_n be_v according_o to_o your_o own_o way_n of_o reason_v altogether_o unconclusive_a and_o far_o when_o you_o say_v that_o it_o be_v false_a and_o absurd_a to_o affirm_v that_o every_o illegal_a be_v a_o unauthoritative_a act_n which_o carry_v no_o obligation_n with_o it_o i_o shall_v prove_v that_o this_o absurdity_n lie_v whole_o on_o your_o side_n for_o 1._o legal_a and_o authoritative_a 15._o be_v all_o one_o in_o our_o law_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o legal_a carry_v no_o authority_n along_o with_o it_o so_o that_o illegal_a authority_n be_v in_o plaiââ_n english_a unlawful_a lawful_a power_n nor_o have_v k._n charles_n 1._o any_o such_o extravagant_a notion_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n who_o certain_o understand_v his_o own_o power_n better_o than_o you_o or_o i_o when_o he_o own_v in_o his_o declaration_n to_o the_o long_a parliament_n date_v from_o newmarket_n 1641._o that_o the_o law_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o his_o power_n which_o be_v as_o full_a a_o concession_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o affirm_v as_o word_n can_v express_v for_o if_o the_o law_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o it_o than_o his_o royal_a power_n or_o authority_n which_o be_v all_o one_o be_v limit_v by_o it_o for_o the_o measure_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o limit_n or_o bound_n of_o the_o thing_n limit_v and_o when_o it_o exceed_v those_o bound_n it_o be_v a_o illegal_a and_o consequent_o a_o unauthoritative_a act_n which_o carry_v no_o obligation_n either_o active_a or_o passive_a along_o with_o it_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o say_v king_n answer_n to_o both_o house_n concern_v the_o militia_n speak_v of_o the_o man_n by_o they_o name_v to_o he_o to_o be_v commissioner_n for_o it_o he_o thus_o reply_v if_o more_o power_n shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o than_o by_o law_n be_v in_o the_o crown_n itself_o his_o majesty_n hold_v it_o reasonable_a that_o the_o same_o be_v by_o some_o law_n first_o vest_v in_o he_o with_o power_n to_o transfer_v it_o to_o these_o person_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o passage_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o all_o the_o power_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o crown_n concern_v the_o militia_n be_v by_o or_o from_o the_o law_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o more_o authority_n than_o what_o be_v vest_v in_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n 2._o your_o argument_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o human_a judicature_n be_v also_o very_o fallacious_a for_o you_o argue_v from_o the_o bare_a abuse_n of_o a_o trust_n or_o commission_n with_o the_o execution_n of_o which_o all_o judge_n &_o officer_n must_v be_v entrust_v to_o that_o which_o be_v quite_o of_o another_o nature_n viz_o when_o the_o person_n entrust_v act_n direct_o contrary_a to_o his_o commission_n or_o without_o any_o commission_n
king_n ought_v to_o yield_v the_o like_a dominion_n and_o power_n to_o the_o law_n as_o the_o law_n have_v give_v he_o before_o or_o else_o how_o can_v bracton_n call_v the_o law_n in_o the_o place_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v the_o king_n superior_a and_o if_o the_o king_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v not_o by_o law_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o the_o steward_n for_o example_n have_v a_o better_a tittle_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n than_o the_o bayliols_n but_o only_o that_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n that_o be_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n of_o that_o kingdom_n make_v they_o so_o for_o otherwise_o any_o man_n that_o look_v upon_o the_o pedigree_n of_o both_o those_o family_n will_v see_v that_o bayliol_n according_a to_o our_o rule_n of_o descent_n be_v the_o near_a of_o blood_n to_o the_o last_o king_n david_n than_o bruce_n and_o be_v so_o ajudge_v upon_o a_o solemn_a hear_n by_o our_o king_n edward_n 1._o ih_o parliament_n and_o as_o for_o william_n 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shall_v not_o be_v leave_v without_o some_o mean_n or_o remedy_n of_o keep_v and_o defend_v his_o right_n against_o the_o grantor_n whenever_o he_o go_v about_o to_o take_v it_o away_o nor_o do_v i_o know_v any_o exception_n there_o be_v for_o the_o king_n grant_n more_o than_o those_o of_o private_a subject_n 17._o since_o both_o bracton_n and_o flita_n tell_v we_o non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la rege_fw-la major_a in_o exhibitione_n juris_fw-la minimus_fw-la autem_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la suscipiendo_fw-la si_fw-la pecatur_fw-la which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o true_a read_n of_o that_o place_n and_o not_o peccat_fw-la parcat_fw-la or_o petat_fw-la as_o divers_a copy_n have_v it_o that_o be_v as_o the_o king_n be_v the_o great_a in_o distribute_v of_o right_a or_o law_n to_o his_o subject_n so_o ought_v he_o to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o least_o of_o they_o in_o submit_v to_o right_a judgement_n if_o he_o be_v petition_v to_o and_o that_o it_o be_v 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he_o may_v therefore_o have_v occasion_n sometime_o not_o only_o to_o detract_v from_o they_o or_o dispense_v with_o they_o in_o some_o case_n but_o may_v whole_o break_v and_o lay_v they_o aside_o by_o turn_v tyrant_n 5._o yet_o nevertheless_o in_o all_o these_o case_n people_n be_v still_o bind_v not_o to_o resist_v they_o and_o that_o he_o look_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o such_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n as_o well_o as_o other_o he_o there_o mention_n pray_v read_v i_o the_o place_n i_o now_o cite_v where_o after_o he_o have_v allow_v resistance_n to_o be_v lawful_a against_o those_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o proper_o monarch_n as_o enjoy_v but_o a_o share_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o among_o which_o he_o reckon_v the_o german_a emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o poland_n but_o then_o when_o he_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o real_a and_o absolute_a monarchy_n his_o sense_n be_v quite_o different_a as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o these_o word_n 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mix_v and_o make_v up_o of_o monarchy_n with_o a_o allay_n of_o aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n in_o the_o constitution_n the_o former_a in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o latter_a in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o as_o k._n charles_n the_o first_o himself_o confess_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o parliament_n 19_o proposition_n and_o i_o have_v far_o enforce_v this_o from_o divers_a authority_n out_o of_o our_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o modern_a lawyer_n viz._n glanvill_n bracton_n fortescue_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n so_o that_o since_o we_o have_v such_o clear_a proof_n for_o our_o constitution_n from_o our_o own_o history_n and_o author_n nay_o from_o the_o king_n himself_o beside_o the_o whole_a purporâ_n and_o style_n of_o the_o very_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o do_v not_o value_v the_o authority_n of_o bodin_n a_o foreigner_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o set_v up_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o high_a pitch_n he_o can_v 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our_o king_n be_v
and_o service_n to_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_z court_n and_o that_o these_o very_a man_n be_v such_o as_o after_o your_o conquest_n be_v call_v barones_n comitatus_fw-la appear_v in_o this_o that_o those_o who_o before_o the_o conquest_n be_v call_v thanes_z be_v afterward_o call_v baron_n of_o county_n in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o charter_n and_o for_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n who_o though_o he_o do_v chief_o understand_v by_o this_o word_n all_o sort_n of_o feudal_a baron_n dwell_v in_o each_o county_n comitatus_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempe_fw-la &_o maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la yet_o nor_o only_o these_o but_o necnon_fw-la liberi_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundoâum_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglice_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superius_fw-la dectum_fw-la est_fw-la so_o that_o take_v it_o in_o which_o sense_n you_o will_v this_o word_n can_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o 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other_o possession_n which_o may_v be_v also_o prove_v far_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o merton_n cap._n 10._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o clause_n provisum_fw-la est_fw-la insuper_fw-la quod_fw-la quilibet_fw-la libre_fw-la âomoqââ_n sectam_fw-la debet_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la trithingum_fw-la hundredum_fw-la &_o wapentagium_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la ãâã_d domini_fw-la svi_fw-la libere_fw-la possit_fw-la facere_fw-la attornatum_fw-la suum_fw-la ad_fw-la sectas_fw-la illas_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la faciendas_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o every_o freeman_n who_o be_v a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n and_o not_o under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o be_v then_o oblige_v to_o pay_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n trthe_v and_o hundred_o court_n but_o say_v you_o these_o person_n who_o be_v juror_n in_o this_o great_a cause_n between_o earl_n odo_n and_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n be_v there_o call_v primores_fw-la and_o probi_fw-la viri_fw-la not_o only_o of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n but_o other_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lay_v and_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n which_o make_v the_o great_a number_n and_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o their_o good_a behaviour_n can_v be_v the_o probi_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la who_o serve_v upon_o this_o jury_n well_o i_o grant_v it_o that_o these_o gentleman_n you_o speak_v of_o may_v be_v lord_n of_o manor_n and_o considerable_a for_o quality_n and_o estate_n and_o who_o alone_o be_v empanel_v upon_o jury_n in_o this_o and_o other_o such_o great_a trial_n of_o novel_a disseiâin_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o lesser_a freeman_n or_o freeholders_n you_o mention_v be_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o as_o such_o be_v capable_a of_o try_v all_o cause_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o since_o sir_n h_n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n legalis_fw-la that_o in_o jure_fw-la nostro_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la qui_fw-la stat_fw-la rectus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la non_fw-la exlex_fw-la seu_fw-la utlegatus_fw-la non_fw-la excommunicatus_fw-la vel_fw-la infamis_fw-la etc._n etc._n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o in_fw-la lege_fw-la postulat_fw-la &_o postulâtur_fw-la hoc_fw-la sensu_fw-la vulgar_a illud_fw-la in_o formulis_fw-la juridicis_fw-la probi_fw-la &_o legalis_fw-la homines_fw-la so_o that_o he_o do_v not_o make_v as_o you_o do_v that_o a_o man_n legality_n must_v depend_v upon_o his_o tenure_n but_o upon_o his_o being_n rectus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n that_o because_o in_o some_o great_a trial_n in_o those_o time_n none_o but_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a man_n in_o the_o county_n be_v empanel_v upon_o jury_n in_o the_o county_n court_n therefore_o none_o but_o they_o can_v ever_o serve_v there_o upon_o jury_n at_o all_o than_o it_o will_v be_v now_o for_o a_o man_n to_o affirm_v that_o because_o in_o great_a trial_n at_o the_o assize_n or_o at_o the_o bar_n at_o 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the_o law_n which_o be_v quite_o different_a from_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o this_o word_n be_v take_v in_o roman_a author_n as_o also_o in_o our_o civil-law_n for_o when_o cicero_n use_v the_o expression_n itaque_fw-la tutela_fw-la i_o abdicare_fw-la togito_fw-la brison_n tell_v we_o his_o meaning_n be_v se_fw-la nolle_fw-la esse_fw-la tutorem_fw-la but_o pompenius_fw-la in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr orig_n juris_fw-la 13._o give_v we_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o this_o phrase_n abdicare_fw-la se_fw-la magistratu_fw-la est_fw-la ante_fw-la tempuâ_n magistratum_fw-la deponere_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v the_o roman_n have_v no_o notion_n of_o a_o tacit_fw-la or_o imply_v abdication_n of_o a_o charge_n or_o majestracy_n without_o a_o man_n express_a consent_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o king_n bare_a desertion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o a_o abdication_n of_o the_o throne_n as_o you_o yourself_o be_v force_v to_o grant_v i_o can_v imagine_v how_o the_o king_n violation_n of_o the_o law_n or_o endeavour_v to_o subvert_v the_o government_n both_o which_o you_o lay_v to_o his_o charge_n can_v proper_o be_v call_v a_o abdication_n of_o it_o so_o that_o indeed_o the_o king_n have_v not_o abdicate_v the_o government_n but_o your_o convention_n have_v abdicate_v he_o and_o though_o we_o often_o read_v in_o our_o civil-law_n that_o a_o father_n may_v abdicare_fw-la filium_fw-la yet_o i_o never_o read_v or_o can_v you_o show_v i_o any_o example_n that_o a_o son_n may_v abdicate_v a_o father_n or_o subject_n their_o prince_n f._n you_o discourse_v upon_o a_o wrong_a ground_n for_o i_o never_o affirm_v that_o subject_n have_v any_o authority_n to_o abdicate_v or_o depose_v their_o prince_n nor_o have_v the_o convention_n assume_v any_o such_o power_n to_o themselves_o what_o they_o have_v do_v in_o this_o affair_n have_v not_o be_v authoritative_a or_o as_o take_v âpon_n they_o to_o call_v the_o king_n to_o a_o account_n for_o his_o action_n or_o to_o depose_v he_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n but_o only_o declarative_a to_o pronounce_v and_o declare_v as_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n that_o by_o endeavour_v to_o extirpate_v the_o protestant_n religion_n and_o to_o subvert_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o have_v wilful_o i_o do_v not_o say_v willing_o abdicate_v the_o government_n that_o be_v renounce_v to_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n any_o long_o as_o a_o lawful_a king_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o tacit_n or_o imply_v abdication_n of_o it_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o even_o tully_n himself_o allow_v in_o our_o sense_n of_o a_o imply_v abdication_n in_o his_o three_o philippic_n when_o he_o say_v thus_o concern_v mark_n anthony_n that_o for_o his_o offering_n a_o crown_n to_o caesar_n eoâdie-non_a modo_fw-la consulatu_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la libertate_fw-la se_fw-la abâitavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o you_o see_v mark_v anthony_n be_v say_v to_o have_v abdion_v the_o consulship_n without_o any_o express_a renunciation_n of_o it_o for_o caesar_n may_v have_v continue_v he_o in_o it_o after_o he_o have_v be_v declare_v emperor_n m._n i_o grant_v your_o authority_n to_o be_v good_a yet_o even_o in_o this_o sense_n this_o abdication_n of_o the_o consulship_n can_v only_o take_v its_o effect_n from_o anthony_n owâ_n will_v for_o offer_v a_o crown_n to_o caesar_n if_o he_o do_v not_o express_o yet_o he_o effectual_o renounce_v his_o consulship_n for_o have_v caesar_n accept_v in_o he_o can_v no_o long_o have_v be_v the_o consul_n of_o a_o popular_a state_n but_o must_v thenceforth_o have_v act_v by_o authority_n from_o caesar_n or_o not_o at_o all_o but_o then_o this_o will_v not_o have_v agree_v with_o your_o noâon_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n which_o always_o suppose_v a_o crime_n and_o a_o deprive_v the_o party_n
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o this_o very_a author_n also_o relate_v that_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v at_o london_n by_o who_o council_n and_o assent_v the_o say_a duke_n be_v consecrate_a and_o crown_v king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o ralph_n de_fw-fr diceto_n then_o dean_n of_o st._n pawles_n who_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o that_o church_n then_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o the_o bishop_n at_o king_n richard_n coronation_n have_v this_o passage_n 647._o comes_fw-la itaque_fw-la pictavorum_n richardus_fw-la hereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la praemovendus_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la post_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la solemnem_fw-la &_o debitam_fw-la electionem_fw-la involutas_fw-la est_fw-la triplici_fw-la sacramento_n etc._n etc._n now_o what_o can_v this_o solemn_a and_o due_a election_n here_o signify_v or_o what_o can_v it_o mean_v far_o than_o that_o richard_n be_v king_n by_o hereditary_a right_n be_v so_o own_v and_o recognize_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n f._n i_o desire_v i_o may_v reply_v to_o this_o before_o you_o proceed_v far_o i_o confess_v what_o you_o say_v about_o the_o empress_n maud_n surrender_n of_o she_o right_o to_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n will_v be_v considerable_a if_o you_o have_v any_o authority_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n to_o support_v it_o but_o since_o you_o have_v not_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o no_o better_a than_o a_o mere_a surmise_n of_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n that_o the_o crown_n be_v then_o enjoy_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n without_o any_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o people_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v your_o other_o fancy_n that_o because_o woman_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v therefore_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n suppose_v they_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o she_o by_o acknowledge_v her_o son_n duke_n henry_n for_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n now_o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n king_n henry_n i._o father_n to_o the_o empress_n shall_v have_v make_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o daughter_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o uncapable_a to_o govern_v or_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o clergy_n in_o the_o council_n at_o winchester_n choose_v this_o empress_n as_o the_o king_n daughter_n lady_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n 106._o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n tell_v we_o express_o that_o they_o do_v and_o that_o he_o be_v present_a at_o it_o or_o how_o can_v the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n believe_v that_o they_o have_v sufficient_o satisfy_v their_o oath_n to_o the_o daughter_n in_o confer_v the_o allegiance_n that_o be_v due_a to_o she_o upon_o her_o son_n i_o be_o sure_a no_o heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n will_v look_v upon_o that_o as_o a_o good_a performance_n of_o their_o oath_n at_o this_o day_n when_o you_o 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nuncios_fw-la ad_fw-la johannem_fw-la ducem_fw-la normandiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o you_o see_v he_o call_v he_o no_o more_o than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n prince_n henry_n if_o this_o be_v all_o you_o have_v to_o prove_v a_o divine_a right_n of_o succession_n in_o henry_n the_o iiid_n i_o doub_v it_o will_v do_v you_o but_o little_a service_n for_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n it_o must_v have_v be_v lodge_v some_o where_o else_o than_o in_o this_o prince_n for_o when_o king_n john_n his_o father_n die_v eleanor_n the_o sister_n of_o duke_n arthur_n be_v then_o alive_a and_o die_v not_o till_o the_o 25_o the_o year_n of_o king_n henrys_n reign_v a_o close_a prisoner_n in_o bristol_n castle_n as_o matthew_n paris_z relate_v 574._o so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a he_o can_v have_v no_o such_o divine_a hereditary_n right_o as_o you_o suppose_v and_o therefore_o perhaps_o his_o father_n to_o strengthen_v his_o title_n and_o to_o recommend_v he_o the_o more_o to_o the_o people_n savour_n 276._o appoint_v he_o his_o successor_n by_o his_o last_o testament_n and_o matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_z tell_v we_o that_o when_o king_n john_n die_v henricum_fw-la primegenitum_fw-la suum_fw-la regni_fw-la constituit_fw-la haeredem_fw-la so_o that_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v then_o no_o such_o hereditary_a right_n for_o if_o it_o have_v what_o need_n have_v there_o be_v of_o this_o testament_n but_o for_o all_o this_o divine_a right_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o this_o poor_a princess_n eleanor_n have_v any_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o great_a lord_n to_o take_v her_o part_n but_o all_o the_o dispute_n than_o be_v at_o this_o great_a convention_n at_o gloucester_n whether_o they_o shall_v abjure_v prince_n lewis_n who_o most_o of_o they_o have_v before_o choose_v for_o their_o lord_n and_o adhere_v to_o prince_n henry_n 145._o there_o present_a before_o they_o as_o matthew_n paris_z tell_v we_o erat_fw-la autem_fw-la tâ_fw-la tempestate_fw-la inter_fw-la optimates_fw-la angliae_fw-la fluctuatio_fw-la maxima_fw-la cui_fw-la se_fw-la regi_fw-la committeâent_fw-la juvenine_a henrico_n a_o domino_fw-la ludovico_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o relation_n our_o historian_n give_v we_o of_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v not_o from_o any_o great_a sense_n that_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n have_v of_o the_o justness_n of_o prince_n henry_n title_n that_o make_v they_o agree_v to_o choose_v he_o king_n but_o the_o hatred_n they_o then_o bear_v to_o prince_n lewis_n when_o they_o find_v he_o have_v break_v his_o contract_n with_o they_o and_o put_v all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o french_a man_n and_o treat_v the_o english_a nobility_n with_o scorn_n and_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o they_o prefer_v a_o innocent_a young_a prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o have_v never_o be_v guilty_a of_o his_o father_n 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act_n that_o it_o be_v declaratory_a of_o the_o former_a law_n of_o england_n make_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o vii_o the_o and_o viii_o this_o and_o other_o king_n reign_n whereby_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v frequent_o entail_v upon_o those_o who_o be_v not_o the_o next_o heir_n by_o blood_n and_o though_o the_o queen_n be_v only_o mention_v in_o it_o yet_o it_o certain_o as_o much_o concern_v her_o successor_n as_o all_o future_a parliament_n as_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o which_o the_o queen_n be_v only_o mention_v do_v all_o future_a king_n and_o queen_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o make_v treason_n during_o her_o life_n but_o also_o there_o be_v a_o loss_n of_o good_n and_o chattel_n to_o be_v inflict_v on_o all_o those_o who_o shall_v maintain_v after_o her_o decease_n that_o the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n have_v not_o power_n to_o limit_v the_o succession_n and_o if_o the_o parliament_n in_o her_o reign_n can_v do_v this_o i_o desire_v to_o 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act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o when_o any_o war_n break_v out_o between_o neighbour_a prince_n all_o such_o denizen_n who_o do_v not_o become_v absolute_a subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n by_o naturalisation_n if_o they_o will_v act_v like_o honest_a man_n must_v look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o oblige_v either_o to_o quit_v the_o kingdom_n in_o case_n a_o war_n be_v declare_v against_o their_o natural_a prince_n or_o at_o least_o be_v oblige_v not_o to_o act_v any_o thing_n to_o his_o prejudice_n though_o they_o may_v still_o inhabit_v and_o traffic_n here_o which_o be_v a_o quite_o different_a case_n from_o those_o who_o be_v not_o only_o bear_v the_o king_n subject_n but_o have_v also_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o therefore_o i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n think_v it_o lawful_a to_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n though_o it_o be_v require_v in_o no_o high_a a_o sense_n than_o as_o king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la since_o it_o can_v no_o way_n consist_v with_o that_o oath_n which_o i_o have_v already_o take_v to_o king_n james_n and_o his_o right_a heir_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v to_o you_o another_o time_n since_o it_o be_v now_o very_o late_o from_o the_o true_a sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n i_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n etc._n etc._n which_o can_v only_o be_v swear_v to_o such_o king_n and_o queen_n who_o beside_o a_o bare_a possession_n have_v also_o a_o legal_a and_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n f._n i_o shall_v be_v very_o glad_a to_o hear_v you_o far_o upon_o this_o question_n for_o if_o that_o can_v be_v make_v out_o i_o fear_v too_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o laity_n by_o mistake_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o this_o oath_n have_v be_v forswear_v but_o pray_v tell_v i_o when_o i_o shall_v wait_v on_o you_o and_o hear_v what_o you_o have_v further_o to_o say_v upon_o this_o important_a subject_n m._n pray_v let_v i_o see_v you_o two_o or_o three_o day_n hence_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v be_v at_o leisure_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_o your_o humble_a servant_n f._n and_o i_o be_o you_o finis_fw-la bibliothera_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n on_o these_o follow_a question_n i._o whether_o a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n may_v be_v take_v to_o a_o king_n or_o queen_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v ii_o what_o be_v the_o obligation_n of_o such_o a_o oath_n whether_o to_o a_o actual_a defence_n of_o their_o title_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o or_o else_o to_o a_o bare_a submission_n to_o their_o power_n iii_o whether_o the_o bishop_n who_o refuse_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n
spend_v our_o dear_a blood_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o sovereign_n person_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o by_o the_o law_n this_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n person_n so_o the_o same_o author_n say_v it_o be_v then_o resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o that_o ligeance_n be_v due_a to_o the_o natural_a person_n of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v ever_o accompany_v with_o the_o politic_a capacity_n and_o the_o politic_a capacity_n as_o it_o be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o natural_a and_o not_o due_a to_o the_o politic_a capacity_n only_o to_o conclude_v if_o my_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n james_n do_v still_o continue_v as_o i_o be_o satisfy_v in_o my_o conscience_n it_o do_v i_o can_v take_v a_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n since_o i_o shall_v thereby_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o force_n of_o these_o word_n in_o the_o oath_n viz._n i_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o yield_v it_o as_o much_o to_o those_o that_o be_v not_o my_o lawful_a sovereign_n as_o i_o be_o to_o those_o that_o be_v so_o which_o will_v be_v contrary_a to_o my_o first_o engagement_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v no_o express_a declaration_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o present_a possessor_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o word_n rightful_a which_o be_v at_o first_o insert_v into_o this_o oath_n be_v strike_v out_o because_o as_o many_o as_o can_v be_v may_v be_v draw_v in_o to_o take_v it_o yet_o as_o long_o as_o the_o word_n that_o remain_v import_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o the_o word_n rightful_a be_v there_o for_o though_o the_o deliberate_a omission_n of_o the_o word_n rightful_a do_v necessary_o infer_v that_o we_o be_v not_o oblige_v in_o this_o oath_n to_o a_o recognition_n of_o their_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o infer_v that_o we_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o pay_v as_o high_a a_o degree_n of_o allegiance_n as_o to_o any_o rightful_a king_n whatsoever_o that_o omission_n indeed_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o word_n king_n in_o the_o oath_n do_v not_o necessary_o signify_v a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la 24._o but_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n that_o true_a allegiance_n do_v not_o signify_v true_a allegiance_n that_o be_v a_o obligation_n to_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n for_o there_o be_v no_o debate_n that_o we_o know_v of_o about_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n allegiance_n neither_o be_v there_o the_o least_o intimation_n give_v that_o they_o design_v to_o restrain_v it_o to_o a_o low_a signification_n though_o it_o be_v plain_o necessary_a to_o do_v it_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o alter_v the_o common_o receive_v meaning_n of_o it_o wherefore_o as_o the_o strike_n out_o of_o the_o word_n rightful_a will_v not_o have_v prove_v that_o they_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o active_a assistance_n of_o king_n william_n against_o all_o man_n live_v if_o those_o word_n have_v be_v express_o insert_v in_o the_o oath_n so_o neither_o will_v it_o prove_v that_o the_o same_o duty_n be_v not_o now_o require_v of_o we_o if_o the_o word_n allegiance_n do_v as_o i_o have_v prove_v in_o terminis_fw-la import_v it_o and_o that_o as_o full_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o express_a word_n require_v in_o it_o and_o that_o this_o word_n allegiance_n imply_v something_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a passive_a submission_n or_o neutrality_n from_o all_o subject_n as_o well_o as_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n appear_v by_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o henry_n the_o viith_o which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v where_o it_o be_v plain_o and_o express_o declare_v that_o every_o subject_a by_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o allegiance_n be_v bind_v to_o serve_v and_o assist_v his_o prince_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n at_o all_o season_n when_o need_n shall_v require_v this_o be_v so_o express_a and_o authentic_a a_o declaration_n of_o the_o true_a duty_n of_o allegiance_n that_o no_o art_n or_o sophistry_n can_v possible_o evade_v it_o f._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v argue_v this_o point_n of_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n not_o only_o like_o a_o civilian_n but_o a_o common_a lawyer_n also_o and_o i_o can_v deny_v the_o force_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v that_o this_o oath_n must_v extend_v to_o a_o active_a obedience_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o present_a majesty_n in_o their_o right_n to_o the_o throne_n and_o not_o only_o to_o a_o bare_a sluggish_a submission_n or_o a_o lukewarm_a neutrality_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v say_v but_o you_o be_v just_o scrupulous_a in_o not_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n until_o you_o be_v satisfy_v of_o their_o majesty_n right_o as_o well_o as_o present_v power_n but_o if_o you_o will_v please_v to_o observe_v the_o purport_n of_o this_o act_n of_o the_o 11_o of_o henry_n the_o viith_o which_o you_o now_o mention_v you_o will_v there_o find_v it_o as_o good_a as_o express_o declare_v that_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o he_o who_o be_v lawful_a sovereign_n and_o the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v be_v still_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o such_o for_o the_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v suff_v for_o assist_v the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v without_o specify_v by_o what_o title_n he_o hold_v the_o crown_n whether_o by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n or_o by_o conquest_n election_n or_o the_o solemn_a recognition_n of_o his_o title_n by_o all_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o by_o this_o act_n all_o that_o allegiance_n that_o be_v once_o due_a to_o the_o former_a king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la become_v thereby_o whole_o transfer_v to_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la m._n i_o grant_v what_o you_o now_o say_v will_v go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o satisfy_v i_o can_v you_o once_o prove_v that_o this_o statute_n be_v now_o in_o force_n and_o be_v not_o now_o either_o abrogate_a or_o expire_v or_o else_o which_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v be_v not_o absolute_o void_a in_o itself_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o hope_v to_o show_v you_o that_o this_o be_v not_o law_n before_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v and_o therefore_o not_o declaratory_a of_o what_o be_v law_n but_o endeavour_n to_o make_v that_o to_o be_v law_n which_o be_v not_o so_o before_o so_o that_o the_o king_n for_o the_o time_n be_v there_o mention_v must_v be_v a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la or_o at_o least_o one_o that_o be_v presume_v such_o because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o constitution_n know_v no_o other_o 2.3_o for_o that_o possession_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a title_n before_o the_o 11_o of_o henry_n the_o viith_o will_v evident_o appear_v from_o these_o follow_a remark_n first_o that_o all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n be_v declare_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o to_o be_v king_n in_o deed_n but_o not_o of_o right_n and_o pretend_a king_n and_o particular_o henry_n the_o vith_o be_v say_v to_o be_v rightful_o amove_v from_o the_o government_n and_o his_o reign_n affirm_v to_o be_v intrusion_n and_o usurpation_n and_o himself_o attaint_v for_o be_v in_o arm_n against_o edward_n the_o ivth_o second_o all_o patent_n of_o honour_n charter_n and_o privilege_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n all_o act_n of_o royal_a authority_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v a_o right_a to_o execute_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o sole_a prerogative_n nay_o act_n of_o parliament_n themselves_o particular_o those_o relate_n to_o shrewsbury_n and_o some_o other_o which_o by_o parity_n of_o reason_n suppose_v the_o rest_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n all_o act_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o first_o of_o edward_n the_o ivth_o which_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n that_o this_o parliament_n believe_v the_o authority_n by_o which_o they_o be_v perform_v to_o be_v defective_a and_o illegal_a for_o we_o never_o find_v any_o such_o general_a confirmation_n as_o these_o pass_n upon_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la three_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o richard_n the_o iiid_n be_v attaint_v of_o high_a treason_n in_o parliament_n under_o the_o the_o name_n of_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o as_o there_o be_v no_o statute_n so_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o common_a law_n to_o support_v the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la viith_o for_o treason_n be_v a_o attempt_n against_o the_o king_n person_n his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n but_o no_o man_n can_v commit_v treason_n
it_o but_o as_o for_o king_n james_n himself_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o what_o trust_v there_o can_v be_v put_v in_o he_o or_o what_o assurance_n he_o can_v give_v we_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n more_o than_o the_o renew_n of_o those_o promise_n and_o that_o oath_n which_o he_o have_v already_o break_v this_o being_n most_o likely_a to_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o thing_n if_o king_n james_n prevail_v i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o or_o any_o indifferent_a person_n to_o judge_v if_o what_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o prove_v be_v not_o as_o clear_o make_v out_o as_o future_a thing_n be_v capable_a of_o and_o be_v sufficient_a to_o deter_v any_o man_n that_o love_v his_o religion_n or_o country_n from_o join_v in_o such_o pernicious_a design_n m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v make_v a_o long_a and_o tragical_a narration_n of_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n that_o may_v follow_v both_o upon_o our_o religion_n and_o 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it_o may_v be_v interpret_v in_o a_o dubious_a and_o qualify_a sense_n without_o abjure_v the_o king_n lawful_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o can_v this_o new_a oath_n be_v take_v in_o the_o like_o doubtful_a sense_n because_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v the_o word_n in_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n will_v be_v indeed_o a_o transfer_v of_o our_o allegiance_n from_o our_o lawful_a prince_n to_o other_o which_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a f._n i_o be_o somewhat_o please_v to_o see_v you_o be_v so_o far_o come_v off_o from_o your_o bigotry_n as_o not_o to_o think_v yourself_o bind_v to_o assist_v for_o the_o restore_a king_n james_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v no_o otherwise_o to_o be_v do_v but_o by_o the_o evident_a destruction_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a liberty_n but_o yet_o you_o say_v you_o can_v take_v the_o oath_n because_o it_o be_v bishop_n sanderson_n opinion_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o our_o 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in_o a_o country_n make_v one_o a_o subject_a for_o all_o his_o life_n to_o the_o government_n of_o that_o country_n or_o why_o be_v when_o bear_v in_o a_o country_n it_z shall_v make_v one_o become_v a_o subject_a more_o than_o be_v in_o the_o same_o country_n at_o another_o time_n 49._o beside_o common_a experience_n show_v this_o to_o be_v false_a because_o whoever_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o country_n where_o his_o parent_n be_v foreigner_n may_v as_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o all_o leave_v that_o country_n when_o he_o please_v but_o perhaps_o iâ_n may_v be_v say_v he_o be_v a_o subject_a to_o that_o prince_n where_o his_o parent_n be_v bear_v but_o what_o if_o they_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o same_o circumstance_n or_o suppose_v his_o parent_n be_v of_o different_a country_n as_o if_o a_o dutch_a woman_n and_o a_o english_a man_n have_v a_o child_n in_o france_n since_o france_n do_v not_o pretend_v to_o he_o which_o of_o the_o nation_n can_v claim_v he_o for_o their_o subject_n or_o must_v he_o be_v divide_v so_o that_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o at_o all_o in_o this_o notion_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n that_o can_v oblige_v any_o body_n in_o conscience_n to_o observe_v it_o m._n if_o then_o natural_a allegiance_n signify_v nothing_o pâây_v tell_v i_o be_v no_o body_n oblige_v to_o obey_v the_o king_n or_o not_o to_o plot_v against_o he_o until_o he_o have_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o contrary_a this_o will_v make_v mad_a work_n indeed_o and_o upon_o these_o principle_n no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v the_o king_n or_o his_o law_n and_o not_o to_o conspire_v against_o his_o person_n or_o government_n until_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n so_o that_o three_o part_n of_o four_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v absolute_o free_a from_o this_o great_a duty_n f._n no_o sir_n you_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v since_o i_o think_v i_o can_v found_v allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o government_n upon_o a_o much_o firm_a foundation_n than_o that_o of_o be_v bear_v his_o subject_n that_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o suppose_v that_o our_o obligation_n commence_v from_o our_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n that_o though_o i_o think_v it_o may_v serve_v to_o enforce_v our_o former_a obligation_n to_o our_o king_n and_o country_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o super-induce_a any_o new_a obligation_n thereunto_o for_o indeed_o our_o obligation_n to_o any_o particular_a government_n may_v be_v make_v out_o from_o much_o sure_a principle_n viz._n that_o every_o person_n though_o he_o be_v bear_v free_a yet_o be_v he_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o his_o own_o safety_n oblige_v to_o part_n with_o his_o liberty_n and_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o some_o government_n 49._o nor_o can_v he_o be_v
cite_v it_o to_o you_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o evening_n conversation_n so_o that_o i_o confess_v i_o much_o wonder_v consider_v what_o he_o have_v there_o say_v how_o he_o can_v so_o positive_o maintain_v as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o place_n you_o have_v also_o quote_v that_o allegiance_n be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o not_o to_o he_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la whilst_o the_o former_a be_v possess_v of_o the_o crown_n since_o it_o seem_v a_o flat_a contradiction_n to_o i_o how_o a_o subject_a be_v to_o pay_v allegiance_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o life_n and_o member_n that_o be_v until_o the_o let_v out_o of_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o our_o dear_a heartsblood_n and_o that_o in_o all_o place_n whatsoever_o and_o yet_o that_o this_o obligation_n shall_v last_v no_o long_o then_o whilst_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o have_v still_o 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than_o the_o late_a case_n of_o the_o french_a refugee_n who_o think_v they_o be_v strict_o command_v by_o their_o king_n not_o to_o stir_v out_o of_o france_n whatsoever_o persecution_n they_o may_v suffer_v yet_o i_o think_v no_o man_n of_o sense_n can_v blame_v they_o if_o be_v persecute_v there_o they_o remove_v themselves_o into_o other_o country_n and_o become_v perfect_o naturalize_v subject_n or_o denizen_n at_o least_o in_o that_o government_n whereunto_o they_o remove_v and_o this_o be_v so_o know_v a_o thing_n that_o no_o casuist_n as_o i_o know_v of_o think_v it_o a_o sin_n in_o such_o subject_n of_o england_n as_o find_v it_o for_o their_o advantage_n go_v over_o into_o another_o country_n to_o settle_v and_o make_v their_o fortune_n or_o be_v there_o naturalize_v or_o make_v free_a denisom_n in_o those_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n whereunto_o they_o remove_v nor_o be_v such_o person_n oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o return_v home_o upon_o the_o command_n or_o summons_n of_o that_o prince_n to_o who_o you_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v subject_n by_o birth_n nor_o be_v your_o argument_n at_o all_o convince_a that_o because_o a_o man_n owe_v a_o duty_n to_o his_o parent_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o by_o be_v bear_v their_o child_n that_o therefore_o the_o subjection_n to_o the_o prince_n under_o who_o government_n he_o be_v bear_v must_v be_v alike_o perpetual_a since_o the_o ground_n upon_o which_o you_o find_v this_o consequence_n be_v altogether_o false_a since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o the_o first_o meeting_n we_o have_v to_o discourse_v of_o these_o matter_n that_o a_o man_n be_v beget_v and_o breed_v up_o by_o his_o parent_n do_v not_o make_v he_o become_v their_o subject_n or_o servant_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v so_o that_o he_o may_v never_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o their_o subjection_n without_o their_o leave_n but_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o think_v i_o be_o as_o little_a mistake_v in_o my_o notion_n of_o allegiance_n which_o i_o suppose_v every_o person_n who_o be_v a_o true_a and_o perfect_a subject_n of_o the_o government_n owe_v to_o the_o king_n or_o sovereign_a power_n thereof_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o that_o imperfect_a allegiance_n or_o bare_a submission_n which_o every_o foreigner_n owe_v the_o king_n or_o government_n under_o which_o he_o reside_v and_o that_o more_o perfect_a allegiance_n which_o every_o subject_a owe_v the_o king_n who_o enjoy_v all_o the_o right_n and_o previledge_n of_o a_o true_a english_a man_n yet_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o this_o distinction_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o bare_a protection_n of_o his_o person_n and_o good_n by_o the_o government_n under_o which_o he_o live_v but_o by_o his_o be_v naturalize_v and_o become_v thereby_o a_o perfect_a member_n of_o this_o civil_a society_n be_v plain_a from_o your_o own_o show_v and_o therefore_o whosoever_o not_o 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indefinite_a and_o without_o have_v any_o respect_n to_o his_o title_n whether_o by_o descent_n of_o blood_n or_o else_o by_o his_o be_v crown_v and_o recognise_v by_o parliament_n it_o be_v no_o contradiction_n to_o suppose_v this_o allegiance_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o king_n in_o this_o limit_a sense_n according_a to_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o 7_o the_o where_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o have_v make_v this_o allegiance_n to_o be_v only_o due_a to_o king_n and_o queen_n de_fw-mi facto_fw-la because_o they_o only_o be_v within_o intent_n and_o letter_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o also_o of_o that_o of_o treason_n according_a to_o the_o legal_a government_n of_o this_o nation_n by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n thereof_o and_o can_v no_o way_n be_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o
in_o pleyn_n parliament_n that_o be_v in_o full_a parliament_n where_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v present_a that_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o lord_n against_o those_o that_o be_v no_o peer_n shall_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o example_n etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v see_v the_o commentary_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o reverend_a author_n of_o the_o grand_a question_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o this_o record_n this_o have_v all_o the_o formality_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o estate_n be_v present_a so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o year_n in_o the_o next_o roll_n but_o one_o accord_v est_fw-la per_fw-la nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o son_n counsel_n in_o plain_a parliament_n which_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v those_o that_o have_v follow_v the_o earl_n of_o lancaster_n so_o in_o the_o 5_o the_o of_o this_o king_n we_o have_v the_o particular_a mention_n of_o the_o bishop_n as_o some_o of_o those_o who_o 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if_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o summon_v to_o this_o parliament_n as_o certain_o they_o be_v they_o must_v have_v give_v their_o assent_n under_o the_o title_n of_o grantz_n since_o the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n be_v particular_o mention_v before_o to_o dialogue_n the_o 10_o the_o p._n 706._o after_o these_o word_n be_v reform_v by_o they_o or_o not_o read_v thus_o and_o that_o king_n james_n the_o first_o himself_o be_v satisfy_v of_o this_o original_a contract_n may_v appear_v by_o his_o own_o word_n in_o a_o speech_n to_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n 1609._o where_o he_o express_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o king_n bind_v himself_o by_o a_o double_a oath_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n tacit_o as_o be_v a_o king_n and_o so_o bind_v to_o protect_v as_o well_o the_o people_n as_o the_o law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o express_o by_o his_o oath_n at_o his_o coronation_n so_o as_o every_o king_n in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n be_v bind_v to_o observe_v that_o paction_n make_v to_o his_o people_n by_o his_o law_n in_o frame_v the_o government_n as_o agreeable_a thereunto_o according_a to_o that_o paction_n which_o god_n make_v with_o noah_n after_o the_o deluge_n etc._n etc._n to_o dialogue_n 12._o p._n 874._o after_o their_o successor_n add_v this_o so_o that_o all_o the_o modern_a act_n of_o parliament_n for_o intail_v the_o crown_n be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o counsel_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v so_o many_o plain_a declaration_n and_o evident_a recognition_n what_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o english_a government_n be_v in_o that_o grand_a point_n to_o dialogue_n the_o 12_o the_o p._n 898._o after_o the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a parish_n read_v thus_o and_o that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o private_a act_n of_o that_o parliament_n but_o some_o public_a one_o also_o though_o never_o confirm_v in_o the_o follow_a parliament_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o be_v yet_o hold_v good_a in_o law_n appear_v by_o these_o that_o follow_v viz._n 1._o a_o act_n for_o continuance_n of_o process_n and_o judicial_a proceed_n continue_v by_o which_o all_o writ_n plea_n indictment_n etc._n etc._n then_o depend_v be_v order_v to_o stand_v and_o proceed_v on_o notwithstanding_o want_v of_o authority_n in_o the_o late_a usurper_n and_o therein_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v that_o process_n and_o proceed_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n and_o the_o general_a issue_n be_v plead_v till_o august_n 1._o 1660._o as_o if_o the_o act_v make_v during_o the_o usurpation_n for_o that_o purpose_n have_v be_v good_a and_o effectual_a law_n and_o upon_o this_o foot_n only_o stand_v many_o fine_n recovery_n judgement_n and_o other_o proceed_n at_o law_n have_v and_o pass_v between_o april_n 25_o 1660_o and_o august_n 1._o 1660._o 2._o a_o act_n for_o conform_v and_o restore_a of_o minister_n this_o act_n be_v usual_o to_o this_o day_n set_v forth_o and_o plead_v in_o quare_fw-la impedit_n though_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v refuse_v upon_o debate_n to_o be_v confirm_v in_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o 13_o of_o car._n ii_o when_o divers_a other_o act_n of_o the_o same_o time_n be_v confirm_v yet_o both_o these_o act_n have_v no_o other_o authority_n but_o from_o that_o convention_n as_o you_o call_v it_o have_v be_v judge_v and_o constant_o allow_v to_o be_v good_a law_n for_o above_o these_o 30_o year_n to_o dialogue_n the_o 13_o the_o p._n 966._o after_o these_o word_n be_v still_o alive_a read_v this_o and_o to_o show_v you_o that_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n have_v deprive_v even_o bishop_n of_o their_o own_o communion_n and_o that_o such_o deprivation_n have_v be_v hold_v good_a and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v nominate_v new_a bishop_n upon_o the_o vacancy_n you_o may_v see_v in_o dr._n burnet_n history_n of_o the_o reformation_n and_o in_o the_o appendix_n to_o it_o where_o you_o will_v find_v a_o memorable_a act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o 25_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o viii_o before_o his_o departure_n from_o his_o obedience_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n whereby_o cardinal_n campegio_n and_o hieronimo_n de_fw-fr ghinicci_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o salisbury_n and_o worcester_z which_o they_o have_v hold_v for_o near_o 20_o year_n and_o campegio_n have_v without_o doubt_n be_v install_v in_o it_o when_o he_o be_v in_o england_n the_o act_n itself_o be_v so_o remarkable_a i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o passage_n out_o of_o it_o verbatim_o first_o the_o preamble_n set_v forth_o that_o whereas_o before_o this_o time_n the_o church_n of_o england_n by_o the_o king_n most_o noble_a progenitor_n and_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o same_o have_v be_v found_v ordain_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o prelacy_n dignity_n and_o other_o promotion_n spiritual_a etc._n etc._n which_o sufficient_o confirm_v what_o i_o but_o now_o assert_v that_o all_o the_o bishopric_n be_v found_v by_o our_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o grand_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o then_o it_o proceed_v to_o recite_v that_o whereas_o all_o person_n promote_v to_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n aught_o to_o reside_v within_o the_o realm_n for_o preach_v the_o law_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o keep_v hospitality_n and_o since_o these_o prelate_n have_v not_o observe_v these_o thing_n but_o live_v at_o rome_n and_o carry_v the_o revenue_n of_o their_o bishopric_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n contrary_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o founder_n and_o to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o the_o realm_n etc._n etc._n in_o consideration_n whereof_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n that_o the_o say_v two_o see_v and_o bishopric_n of_o salisbury_n and_o worcester_z and_o either_o of_o they_o henceforth_o shall_v be_v take_v repute_v and_o account_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v void_a vacant_a and_o utter_o destitute_a of_o any_o incumbent_n or_o prelate_n and_o then_o follow_v a_o clause_n enable_v the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n to_o nominate_v and_o appoint_v successor_n be_v the_o native_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o the_o say_a see_v and_o the_o king_n do_v nominate_v successor_n according_a to_o the_o say_v act._n a_o table_n of_o errata_fw-la the_o author_n occasion_n not_o permit_v ãâ¦ã_z town_n whilst_o most_o of_o these_o dialogue_n be_v in_o the_o press_n beg_v pardon_n for_o the_o many_o errata_n in_o some_o of_o they_o and_o desire_v you_o to_o correct_v such_o gross_a one_o that_o alter_v or_o disturb_v the_o sense_n viz._n dial._n 1._o p._n â0_n l_o 24._o for_o author_n r._n authority_n p._n 52._o l._n 37._o for_o four_o r._n 5_o p._n 36._o l._n 38._o for_o right_n r._n rite_n dial._n 2._o p._n 80._o l._n 25._o del_o hundred_o r_o thousand_o p._n 80_o l._n 22._o d._n greek_a p._n 84._o
as_o express_v as_o word_n can_v make_v it_o yet_o commentator_n interpret_v it_o to_o extend_v no_o far_o than_o against_o swear_v in_o common_a communication_n so_o likewise_o this_o precept_n child_n obey_v your_o parent_n in_o all_o thing_n which_o without_o the_o reasonable_a interpretation_n of_o all_o thing_n lawful_a will_v oblige_v child_n to_o obey_v their_o parent_n in_o whatsoever_o they_o command_v they_o whether_o good_a or_o bad_a but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o st._n chrysostome_n which_o you_o will_v oppose_v against_o i_o i_o think_v they_o will_v not_o serve_v so_o much_o to_o your_o purpose_n as_o you_o imagine_v for_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n derive_v his_o power_n from_o god_n but_o not_o a_o power_n to_o murder_n and_o destroy_v so_o likewise_o he_o that_o obey_v he_o not_o war_n in_o a_o sort_n with_o god_n and_o that_o whosoever_o resist_v the_o power_n that_o be_v when_o it_o be_v execute_v according_a to_o god_n will_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n and_o as_o for_o the_o last_o quotation_n concern_v the_o reverence_n that_o be_v due_a to_o subordinate_a magistrate_n elect_v by_o the_o king_n though_o they_o be_v wicked_a thief_n and_o robber_n etc._n etc._n and_o consequent_o much_o more_o the_o king_n who_o send_v they_o this_o though_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o three_o yet_o will_v not_o do_v the_o business_n for_o i_o believe_v you_o can_v suppose_v that_o st._n chrysostome_n there_o mean_v that_o subordinate_a magistrate_n send_v by_o the_o king_n be_v real_o thief_n and_o robber_n and_o take_v away_o man_n good_n upon_o the_o common_a road_n but_o only_o that_o by_o bribery_n and_o corruption_n in_o their_o office_n they_o do_v robb_n and_o peel_n the_o people_n as_o much_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v real_o so_o which_o extend_v only_o to_o some_o few_o person_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v bear_v with_o as_o any_o intolerable_a inconvenience_n in_o civil_a government_n be_v than_o for_o the_o people_n to_o take_v arm_n and_o resist_v they_o but_o i_o think_v the_o case_n will_v have_v be_v much_o otherwise_o have_v these_o subordinate_a magistrate_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o emperor_n commission_n make_v use_v of_o his_o force_n to_o murder_n and_o robb_n the_o subject_n of_o those_o province_n over_o which_o they_o be_v set_v and_o that_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v any_o rebellion_n in_o the_o people_n if_o they_o shall_v have_v take_v arm_n and_o resist_v they_o since_o the_o emperor_n do_v not_o empower_v such_o magistrate_n to_o murder_n or_o rob_v but_o to_o protect_v his_o subject_n but_o to_o give_v you_o a_o quotation_n out_o of_o st._n chrysostome_n in_o lieu_n of_o you_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o his_o comment_n upon_o these_o word_n in_o his_o 23_o d._n homily_n on_o the_o roman_n let_v every_o soul_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n that_o be_v say_v he_o that_o christ_n may_v show_v that_o he_o have_v not_o institute_v his_o law_n so_o that_o he_o may_v overturn_v all_o common_a policy_n and_o government_n but_o that_o he_o may_v reform_v it_o to_o the_o better_a and_o may_v also_o teach_v we_o that_o superfluous_a and_o unnecessary_a way_n be_v not_o to_o be_v undertake_v because_o it_o be_v then_o a_o common_a discourse_n traduce_v the_o apostle_n as_o seditious_a and_o innovator_n and_o do_v all_o thing_n they_o can_v to_o overthrow_v the_o common_a constitution_n of_o their_o country_n and_o therefore_o he_o stop_v their_o mouth_n with_o these_o word_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o st._n chrysostome_n do_v not_o believe_v that_o st._n paul_n write_v this_o only_a to_o give_v tyrant_n a_o power_n to_o do_v what_o ever_o they_o please_v against_o their_o subject_n without_o any_o resistance_n nor_o yet_o that_o subject_n shall_v begin_v unnecessary_a and_o unlawful_a war_n by_o resist_v upon_o every_o slight_a occasion_n nor_o do_v this_o father_n here_o forbid_v subject_n to_o resist_v in_o case_n of_o the_o high_a tyranny_n or_o oppression_n that_o can_v befall_v they_o so_o that_o i_o take_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o these_o place_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o let_v every_o christian_a submit_v to_o the_o supreme_a power_n i._n e._n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o all_o other_o subordinate_a magistrate_n send_v and_o appoint_v by_o he_o for_o all_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o civil_a authority_n be_v from_o god_n and_o magistrate_n just_o exercise_v this_o power_n be_v from_o he_o and_o in_o his_o stead_n all_o supreme_a power_n under_o what_o ever_o different_a name_n or_o title_n they_o be_v be_v by_o god_n providence_n appoint_v in_o the_o world_n for_o its_o order_n peace_n and_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o it_o he_o therefore_o that_o resist_v such_o supreme_a power_n whoever_o he_o be_v resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o of_o god_n that_o be_v the_o mean_n that_o god_n have_v ordain_v for_o the_o restrain_v the_o disorderly_a lust_n and_o passion_n of_o men._n and_o they_o that_o will_v not_o obey_v their_o law_n as_o far_o as_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n may_v permit_v but_o will_v resist_v shall_v receive_v to_o themselves_o damnation_n and_o thus_o far_o even_a tyrant_n and_o usurper_n may_v be_v obey_v though_o not_o as_o such_o but_o as_o dispenser_n of_o public_a justice_n and_o executor_n of_o the_o law_n and_o so_o be_v god_n minister_n for_o good_a that_o be_v for_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o safety_n but_o neither_o the_o apostle_n nor_o st._n chrysostome_n his_o commentator_n any_o where_o say_v that_o either_o the_o power_n however_o exercise_v or_o the_o person_n that_o thus_o abuse_v it_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n be_v likewise_o from_o god_n m._n but_o pray_v consider_v the_o medium_fw-la a_o little_o more_o close_o by_o which_o the_o apostle_n prove_v and_o enforce_v this_o doctrine_n of_o subjection_n or_o nonresistance_n for_o say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o power_n but_o of_o god_n the_o power_n that_o be_v be_v ordain_v of_o god_n 117._o whosoever_o therefore_o resist_v the_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n the_o plain_a meaning_n of_o which_o be_v this_o that_o sovereign_a prince_n whether_o good_a or_o bad_a tyrant_n or_o good_a governor_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o god_n be_v his_o minister_n and_o vicegerent_n invest_v with_o his_o authority_n and_o power_n to_o govern_v and_o therefore_o when_o we_o resist_v our_o prince_n we_o resist_v the_o ordinance_n constitution_n and_o appointment_n of_o god_n and_o such_o man_n do_v not_o resist_v rebel_n or_o fight_v against_o man_n but_o god_n as_o he_o who_o resist_v any_o subordinate_a magistrate_n resist_v his_o prince_n from_o who_o they_o receive_v their_o authority_n and_o commission_n and_o this_o be_v a_o very_a forcible_a argument_n for_o subjection_n to_o prince_n for_o whatever_o our_o prince_n be_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o god_n have_v a_o absolute_a and_o uncontrollable_a right_n over_o we_o as_o be_v the_o true_a lord_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o world_n and_o if_o earthly_a prince_n be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n by_o he_o who_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o put_v the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n into_o what_o hand_n he_o please_v who_o will_v dare_v to_o oppose_v god_n or_o ask_v he_o why_o have_v thou_o do_v so_o whoever_o have_v any_o sense_n of_o god_n dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n dare_v not_o rebel_n against_o he_o and_o he_o who_o believe_v that_o prince_n be_v make_v by_o god_n will_v no_o more_o dare_v to_o rebel_n against_o his_o prince_n than_o against_o god_n himself_o since_o as_o i_o say_v before_o evil_a prince_n may_v be_v send_v by_o god_n for_o a_o punishment_n to_o a_o wicked_a people_n as_o well_o as_o good_a one_o for_o a_o blessing_n to_o a_o pious_a nation_n f._n if_o you_o have_v please_v to_o have_v consider_v what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v you_o may_v have_v spare_v this_o objection_n for_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o have_v be_v already_o answer_v for_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o god_n and_o be_v by_o he_o invest_v with_o power_n and_o authority_n to_o govern_v and_o that_o when_o we_o resist_v our_o prince_n we_o resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n yet_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v judge_v only_o by_o your_o own_o word_n in_o this_o matter_n the_o prince_n receive_v from_o god_n authority_n to_o govern_v but_o be_v the_o murder_a ruine_v and_o enslave_v the_o people_n any_o part_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o when_o we_o resist_v our_o prince_n we_o resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n but_o be_v the_o resist_a of_o a_o implacable_a tyrant_n and_o a_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n or_o fight_v against_o he_o and_o i_o desire_v you_o only_o