be_v more_o or_o less_o pleasant_a unto_o they_o if_o at_o least_o this_o kind_n of_o natural_a accord_n may_v be_v call_v a_o pleasure_n when_o as_o indeed_o they_o have_v not_o power_n to_o separate_v or_o distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v convenient_a from_o that_o which_o be_v inconvenient_a furthermore_o if_o we_o will_v stand_v to_o aristotle_n determination_n that_o there_o can_v no_o other_o sense_n subsist_v without_o touch_v then_o will_v it_o follow_v that_o this_o be_v take_v away_o no_o sense_n can_v remain_v now_o if_o the_o sense_n be_v take_v away_o the_o whole_a family_n of_o art_n which_o we_o say_v before_o do_v depend_v upon_o their_o credit_n must_v needs_o decay_v nay_o you_o shall_v remove_v the_o sun_n itself_o out_o of_o the_o world_n if_o any_o man_n doubt_n of_o this_o let_v he_o serious_o survey_v all_o the_o art_n both_o liberal_a and_o mechanical_a if_o you_o further_o demand_v what_o use_v this_o sense_n do_v afford_v unto_o physic_n know_v that_o physic_n the_o use_n of_o touch_v for_o physic_n without_o it_o this_o art_n will_v be_v very_o defective_a yea_o will_v so_o darken_v the_o eye_n of_o physician_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o determine_v any_o thing_n certain_o concern_v the_o temperature_n of_o their_o patient_n of_o their_o faculty_n or_o strength_n but_o must_v of_o necessity_n grope_v uncertainlie_o in_o dark_a and_o palpable_a ignorance_n if_o you_o respect_v moral_a philosophy_n this_o sense_n will_v stand_v we_o in_o great_a stead_n for_o perceive_v philosophy_n his_o profit_n in_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o feel_v the_o evil_n which_o ensue_v of_o vice_n it_o do_v lead_v and_o incline_v we_o unto_o the_o way_n of_o virtue_n yea_o it_o cause_v we_o to_o take_v pleasure_n therein_o which_o pleasure_n the_o epicure_n doubt_v not_o to_o account_v the_o summum_fw-la bonum_fw-la the_o like_a we_o may_v say_v of_o other_o art_n which_o lest_o our_o discourse_n shall_v be_v without_o end_n we_o will_v with_o silence_n pass_v by_o in_o all_o which_o touch_v be_v not_o without_o his_o excellent_a use_n to_o conclude_v if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o transcend_v from_o these_o earthly_a thing_n unto_o celestial_a 18_o the_o profit_n of_o touch_v in_o divinity_n luke_n 17_o luke_n 18_o we_o will_v a_o little_a consider_v what_o use_v this_o touch_v have_v in_o divinity_n do_v not_o this_o sense_n reduce_v s._n thomas_n wander_v in_o byway_n out_o of_o the_o heavenly_a light_n into_o the_o true_a way_n when_o he_o will_v try_v the_o presence_n of_o our_o saviour_n by_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v contemn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o rest_n do_v not_o the_o woman_n only_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o the_o hem_v of_o christ_n garment_n become_v sound_a and_o cure_v of_o she_o twelve_o year_n flux_n of_o blood_n and_o do_v not_o we_o read_v that_o eternal_a prince_n â—_o math._n â—_o of_o physician_n restore_v sight_n unto_o the_o blind_a only_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o their_o eye_n and_o do_v he_o not_o heal_v the_o woman_n sick_a of_o a_o fever_n by_o touch_v of_o she_o yea_o and_o that_o which_o be_v beyond_o all_o admiration_n and_o far_o exceed_v the_o understanding_n and_o capacity_n of_o man_n do_v he_o 7_o luke_n 7_o not_o bring_v again_o from_o death_n unto_o life_n the_o daughter_n of_o jairus_n by_o take_v she_o by_o the_o hand_n and_o the_o son_n of_o the_o widow_n ready_a to_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o earth_n only_o by_o touch_v the_o coffin_n o_o healthful_a and_o save_a touch_n o_o search_a sense_n but_o we_o hold_v our_o hand_n both_o time_n &_o the_o matter_n require_v that_o we_o prosecute_v the_o remain_a sense_n in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o we_o can_v after_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v we_o place_v the_o taste_n in_o the_o second_o rank_n for_o beside_o that_o one_o kind_n of_o object_n to_o wit_n earthy_a be_v by_o philosopher_n assign_v as_o common_a to_o they_o taste_v the_o praise_n of_o taste_v both_o it_o be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o touch_v not_o only_o commodious_a for_o so_o be_v the_o other_o subsequent_a sense_n but_o also_o necessary_a unto_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o individuum_fw-la whence_o it_o be_v that_o many_o commendation_n of_o the_o touch_n do_v not_o unfit_o agree_v unto_o this_o taste_n for_o see_v that_o taste_n be_v the_o chief_a sense_n in_o discern_v of_o sapour_n as_o all_o man_n of_o understanding_n acknowledge_v &_o experience_n individuum_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o individuum_fw-la itself_o confirm_v it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o by_o the_o help_n thereof_o the_o body_n be_v nourish_v without_o danger_n but_o when_o it_o fail_v the_o body_n perish_v and_o the_o whole_a nature_n thereof_o go_v to_o nothing_o for_o without_o it_o we_o can_v discern_v of_o sapour_n nor_o judge_v betwixt_o hurtful_a thing_n and_o healthful_a neither_o between_o that_o which_o be_v pleasant_a and_o unpleasant_a but_o become_v inferior_a not_o only_o to_o brute_n beast_n but_o also_o to_o plant_n which_o do_v not_o confuse_o and_o without_o choice_n attract_v any_o aliment_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n and_o so_o convert_v it_o into_o their_o own_o substance_n but_o because_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v do_v participate_v with_o the_o touch_n in_o the_o perception_n of_o sweetness_n and_o pleasantness_n as_o in_o many_o other_o thing_n it_o do_v therefore_o i_o suppose_v the_o worth_n or_o excellency_n thereof_o be_v sufficient_o declare_v in_o the_o commendation_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v so_o that_o we_o think_v it_o unnecessary_a to_o use_v any_o long_a discourse_n thereof_o we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a the_o organ_n whereof_o see_v nature_n have_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n we_o will_v therefore_o ascribe_v unto_o it_o the_o middle_a smell_a the_o praise_n of_o smell_a place_n of_o honour_n betwin_n the_o other_o sense_n this_o sense_n do_v not_o only_o receive_v the_o fragrant_a breath_n vapour_a from_o odoriferous_a object_n and_o abide_n in_o the_o air_n but_o be_v beside_o a_o faithful_a taster_n of_o meat_n it_o govern_v the_o mouth_n lest_o sometime_o at_o unaware_o we_o shall_v swallow_v that_o which_o be_v hurtful_a and_o distaste_v and_o so_o pollute_v the_o sweet_a balsam_n of_o our_o life_n and_o this_o instinct_n we_o see_v in_o dog_n and_o ape_n who_o never_o snatch_v any_o thing_n into_o their_o mouth_n before_o they_o have_v first_o make_v try_v all_o thereof_o with_o their_o nose_n again_o by_o the_o strength_n of_o this_o sense_n many_o creature_n do_v hunt_v out_o their_o live_n and_o therefore_o the_o kite_n follow_v after_o carcase_n hound_n after_o hare_n only_o by_o their_o savour_n i_o say_v nothing_o of_o that_o excellent_a profit_n which_o it_o afford_v to_o the_o art_n of_o physic_n for_o among_o other_o prediction_n in_o our_o art_n that_o be_v not_o the_o least_o which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o savour_n of_o the_o patient_n excrement_n whereby_o oftentimes_o we_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n the_o kind_n and_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o disease_n surgeon_n also_o by_o the_o savour_n or_o smell_v of_o a_o wound_n be_v able_a to_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v cacoelicum_n that_o be_v of_o and_z ill_o a_o untoward_a disposition_n or_o no._n add_v hereto_o that_o by_o the_o smell_n we_o artaine_a unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o simples_n yea_o and_o of_o composition_n with_o what_o faculty_n and_o virtue_n they_o be_v endow_v from_o hence_o some_o have_v conclude_v that_o all_o oderiserous_a thing_n be_v hot_a and_o such_o like_a proposition_n the_o beauty_n that_o be_v add_v to_o the_o face_n of_o man_n by_o this_o organ_n of_o smell_v we_o mean_v the_o nose_n be_v very_o great_a i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o pregnant_a instance_n thereof_o in_o a_o example_n or_o two_o worth_a our_o remembrance_n first_o of_o a_o young_a man_n who_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v hang_v and_o the_o executioner_n at_o hand_n a_o certain_a maid_n suborn_v by_o his_o friend_n and_o quaint_o dress_v and_o set_v face_n the_o nosedoth_a much_o beautify_v the_o face_n out_o go_v unto_o the_o judge_n and_o make_v supplication_n for_o his_o life_n require_v he_o for_o her_o husband_n well_o she_o overcome_v the_o judge_n this_o do_v the_o guilty_a young_a man_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o come_n from_o the_o gallows_n unto_o the_o maid_n attire_v and_o dress_v in_o such_o costly_a ornament_n he_o present_o cast_v his_o eye_n upon_o her_o nose_n which_o indeed_o be_v very_o deform_v and_o instant_o cry_v out_o that_o he_o have_v rather_o have_v be_v hang_v then_o free_v upon_o condition_n of_o undergo_n so_o deform_v a_o choice_n in_o his_o matrimony_n to_o this_o be_v that_o of_o horace_n very_o answerable_a in_o art_n poctica_fw-la hunc_fw-la ego_fw-la i_o siquid_fw-la
who_o rage_n and_o acrimony_n be_v so_o fierce_a that_o if_o it_o stay_v but_o a_o little_a in_o the_o objection_n objection_n gut_n it_o ulcerate_v they_o &_o if_o it_o be_v pour_v into_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n by_o irretate_v the_o pannicle_n or_o fleshy_a membrane_n it_o stir_v up_o a_o rigour_n or_o general_a shiver_a how_o the_o bladder_n which_o be_v membranous_a and_o therefore_o of_o exquisite_a sense_n shall_v not_o feel_v that_o acrimony_n or_o be_v offend_v with_o so_o impure_a a_o humour_n we_o answer_v first_o with_o lucretius_n that_o nature_n cover_v lucretius_n answer_n lucretius_n many_o thing_n under_o a_o sacred_a veil_n and_o that_o in_o this_o great_a universe_n the_o sympathy_n and_o antipathy_n of_o thing_n be_v secret_a and_o wonderful_a again_o the_o bladder_n be_v delight_v with_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o choler_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o hurt_v by_o his_o acrimonie_n happy_o also_o because_o it_o be_v use_v to_o it_o it_o be_v not_o afflict_v by_o it_o so_o those_o man_n that_o be_v accustom_v to_o poison_n do_v not_o sense_n custom_n take_v away_o sense_n feel_v the_o poisonous_a power_n thereof_o and_o a_o drop_n of_o liquor_n strangle_v well-nigh_o the_o artery_n whereas_o full_a cup_n delight_v the_o stomach_n again_o the_o stomach_n be_v pain_v with_o a_o little_a air_n and_o the_o gut_n tear_v asunder_o with_o cruel_a torment_n but_o the_o lung_n because_o they_o be_v accustom_v similitude_n similitude_n unto_o it_o do_v swallow_v the_o air_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o be_v refresh_v thereby_o those_o man_n that_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o this_o familiarity_n or_o acquaintance_n between_o the_o choler_n and_o the_o bladder_n do_v refer_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o traction_n to_o the_o necessity_n and_o providence_n of_o the_o universal_a nature_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o blood_n may_v be_v purge_v lest_o be_v defile_v with_o such_o a_o excrement_n it_o shall_v become_v unprofitable_a for_o nourishment_n qvest._n xiiii_o of_o the_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o choler_n be_v purge_v against_o falopius_n gabriel_n falopius_n the_o most_o acute_a and_o subtle_a anatomist_n of_o our_o age_n have_v deserve_v exceed_v well_o in_o open_v unto_o we_o many_o thing_n which_o in_o the_o former_a age_n be_v falopius_n the_o come_v dation_n of_o falopius_n not_o know_v he_o first_o of_o all_o man_n do_v acurate_o describe_v the_o history_n of_o a_o man_n eye_n and_o observe_v that_o gristly_a body_n which_o they_o call_v troclea_n he_o first_o find_v out_o the_o yard_n of_o the_o womb_n call_v clitoris_n beside_o the_o manifold_a nicety_n fold_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o thousand_o difficulty_n which_o he_o have_v manifest_v and_o bring_v to_o light_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o muscle_n the_o vein_n and_o the_o sinew_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o great_a ancient_n dangerous_a to_o vary_v from_o the_o ancient_n learned_a man_n in_o his_o assignation_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o bladder_n of_o gall_n while_o he_o describe_v the_o passage_n whereby_o the_o choler_n be_v lead_v in_o fall_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o ancient_n fall_v into_o a_o error_n whereof_o he_o can_v be_v excuse_v the_o ancient_a opinion_n and_o indeed_o the_o very_a truth_n be_v that_o there_o be_v two_o passage_n of_o the_o gall_n one_o distribute_v into_o the_o liver_n with_o aboundante_fw-la shoot_v the_o other_o pass_v from_o the_o opinion_n the_o two_o passage_n of_o choler_n falopius_n his_o opinion_n vesicle_n unto_o the_o gut_n by_o the_o first_o the_o bladder_n draw_v the_o gall_n unto_o itself_o by_o the_o second_o it_o discharge_v it_o again_o into_o the_o duodenum_fw-la falopius_fw-la on_o the_o contrary_a conceit_v that_o those_o passage_n of_o choler_n which_o be_v disseminated_a through_o the_o liver_n run_v direct_o not_o unto_o the_o bladder_n but_o to_o the_o duodenum_fw-la and_o do_v continual_o thrust_v out_o the_o choler_n thereinto_o and_o because_o it_o happen_v full_a oft_o that_o the_o gut_n be_v either_o distend_v with_o wind_n or_o in_o the_o time_n of_o distribution_n be_v fulfil_v with_o chylus_n so_o that_o the_o passage_n or_o outlet_a ordain_v for_o the_o avoid_n of_o choler_n be_v interclude_v or_o shut_v up_o lest_o say_v he_o the_o choler_n shall_v flow_v back_o and_o return_v upon_o the_o liver_n to_o defile_v the_o blood_n nature_n have_v frame_v the_o bladder_n as_o it_o be_v a_o diverticle_n or_o cistern_n out_o of_o the_o way_n wherein_o the_o choler_n may_v be_v gather_v and_o reserve_v together_o while_o the_o outlet_a in_o the_o duodenum_fw-la shall_v be_v open_v wherefore_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o falopius_n will_v have_v the_o first_o that_o the_o choler_n pass_v direct_o from_o the_o liver_n to_o the_o duodenum_fw-la the_o second_o that_o the_o bladder_n draw_v not_o choler_n but_o that_o it_o return_v thither_o from_o the_o gut_n when_o they_o be_v distend_v which_o two_o assertion_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o this_o learned_a man_n we_o can_v subscribe_v unto_o because_o we_o think_v that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a both_o by_o reason_n and_o sense_n the_o two_o most_o certain_a falopius_n argument_n against_o falopius_n judge_n and_o determiner_n of_o all_o controversy_n first_o therefore_o we_o say_v and_o lay_v as_o a_o ground_n that_o in_o the_o whole_a frame_n and_o structure_n of_o the_o body_n there_o be_v nothing_o do_v or_o generate_v as_o accedentary_a but_o only_o upon_o certain_a ground_n and_o necessary_a use_n now_o the_o use_n assign_v to_o the_o bladder_n by_o falopius_n be_v but_o accedentarie_a and_o casual_a for_o it_o be_v not_o perpetual_a that_o the_o gut_n be_v distend_v with_o wind_n and_o their_o passage_n interclude_v but_o this_o happen_v rare_o and_o but_o to_o some_o body_n and_o those_o of_o good_a constitution_n hence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o bladder_n must_v be_v unprofitable_a and_o idle_o frame_v by_o nature_n which_o true_a and_o solid_a philosophy_n will_v never_o grant_v for_o nature_n at_o no_o time_n endevour_v against_o the_o cause_n of_o disease_n but_o against_o such_o as_o do_v daily_o and_o necessary_o happen_v for_o it_o be_v the_o original_a determination_n of_o the_o great_a arificer_n of_o this_o noble_a fabric_n to_o create_v a_o sound_n and_o not_o a_o sickly_a habitation_n sickly_a nature_n endevour_v a_o sound_a body_n not_o a_o sickly_a for_o the_o soul_n and_o therefore_o he_o generate_v the_o part_n at_o the_o first_o hand_n for_o themselves_o and_o not_o afterward_o or_o at_o adventure_n albeit_o one_o and_o the_o same_o particle_n have_v many_o and_o diverse_a by_o use_n the_o second_o engine_n which_o we_o conceive_v these_o paper_n wall_n can_v withstand_v shall_v be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o bilious_a excrement_n shall_v pass_v unto_o the_o bladder_n before_o evacuation_n the_o cause_n of_o evacuation_n it_o go_v to_o the_o out_o let_v in_o the_o duodenum_fw-la for_o if_o it_o shall_v flow_v by_o degree_n and_o perpetual_o unto_o the_o gut_n it_o will_v not_o move_v they_o to_o excretion_n because_o a_o little_a choler_n and_o that_o fall_n by_o drop_n will_v have_v be_v too_o weak_a for_o this_o motion_n but_o because_o it_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o bladder_n therein_o gather_v and_o at_o length_n abundant_o and_o at_o once_o pour_v forth_o into_o the_o way_n of_o the_o excrement_n it_o move_v their_o disposition_n by_o certain_a distance_n and_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o suddainnes_n three_o unless_o we_o admit_v the_o traction_n of_o the_o bladder_n and_o a_o propriety_n whereby_o it_o be_v contain_v &_o retain_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n what_o will_v it_o have_v avayl_v it_o to_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o blood_n for_o if_o it_o always_o descend_v direct_o from_o the_o liver_n to_o the_o gut_n then_o must_v it_o be_v mingle_v again_o with_o the_o chylus_n and_o defile_v it_o for_o the_o way_n be_v open_a neither_o can_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o chylus_n as_o falopius_n dream_v interclude_v the_o passage_n of_o so_o thin_a and_o subtle_a a_o humour_n again_o if_o the_o choler_n shall_v return_v unto_o the_o bladder_n only_o when_o the_o passage_n into_o the_o duodenum_fw-la be_v stop_v then_o shall_v not_o the_o bladder_n be_v always_o find_v full_a of_o choler_n which_o be_v evermore_o to_o be_v see_v in_o sound_n and_o healthy_a body_n ad_fw-la hereto_o that_o if_o the_o bladder_n be_v only_o provide_v for_o a_o diverticle_n to_o set_v the_o choler_n as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o way_n what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o so_o great_a a_o cavity_n a_o little_a body_n will_v have_v serve_v that_o turn_n the_o first_o intention_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o to_o send_v it_o thither_o but_o unto_o the_o gut_n furthermore_o if_o the_o bladder_n have_v no_o power_n of_o traction_n why_o shall_v the_o choler_n rather_o return_v unto_o it_o then_o unto_o the_o
three_o you_o must_v show_v the_o spectator_n the_o mamillary_a process_n and_o the_o pair_n or_o coniugation_n of_o the_o sinew_n which_o otherwise_o in_o the_o search_n for_o these_o will_v be_v deface_v table_n 13._o figure_n 13._o exhibit_v the_o vessel_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o their_o distribution_n especial_o through_o the_o right_a side_n whither_o they_o proceed_v from_o the_o internal_a jugular_a vein_n or_o from_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n or_o from_o the_o sinus_fw-la of_o the_o dura_n meninx_n figure_n 14._o show_v the_o wonderful_a net_n as_o galen_n describe_v it_o figure_n 15._o show_v the_o pituitary_a glandule_n with_o the_o basin_n and_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n figure_n 16._o show_v the_o retemirabile_a or_o wonderful_a net_n together_o with_o the_o glandule_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o head_n of_o calf_n and_o oxen._n tabula_fw-la xiii_o fig_n xiii_o fourteen_o xv_o xvi_o a_o a_o branch_n attain_v to_o the_o right_a ventricle_n ♌_o the_o complication_n of_o vessel_n call_v plexus_fw-la choroide_v form_v on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o branch_n mark_v with_o a._n fig._n 14_o a_o b_o artery_n climb_v the_o scull_n and_o make_v this_o wonderful_a net_n cd_o branch_n into_o which_o the_o surcle_n of_o that_o net_n be_v joinedin_fw-mi to_o e_z the_o pituitaryglandule_n or_o kernel_n of_o phlegm_n fig_n 15._o a_o the_o glandule_n receive_v the_o basin_n b_o the_o basin_n itself_o or_o if_o you_o will_v the_o tunnel_n call_v peluis_fw-la or_o infundibulum_fw-la cc_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n d_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o artery_n go_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o dura_n meninx_n e_o another_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o artery_n go_v to_o the_o nostril_n ff_o a_o artery_n in_o one_o side_n divide_v into_o 2_o branch_n but_o in_o the_o other_o side_n meet_v together_o again_o g_o a_o partition_n of_o the_o artery_n creep_v through_o the_o durameninx_n h_n another_o branch_n which_o get_v out_o of_o the_o scull_n and_o reach_v to_o the_o eye_n figure_n 16_o a_o the_o petuitary_a glandule_n b_o c._n the_o sleepye_a artery_n go_v into_o the_o scull_n d_o d._n the_o wonderful_a brain_n net_n the_o use_n of_o the_o brain_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o brain_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr partibus_fw-la animalium_fw-la and_o the_o 7._o chapter_n write_v that_o the_o brain_n be_v make_v as_o a_o common_a good_a for_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o whole_a creature_n to_o temper_v the_o fervour_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o opinion_n because_o it_o be_v sufficient_o refute_v by_o galen_n in_o his_o 3._o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n and_o the_o second_o chapter_n we_o will_v not_o insist_v long_o upon_o it_o only_o these_o two_o thing_n we_o open_v first_o that_o the_o heart_n be_v sufficient_o refrigerated_a by_o our_o perpetual_a inspiration_n and_o expiration_n second_o that_o if_o nature_n have_v intend_v the_o brain_n to_o cool_v the_o heart_n she_o will_v not_o have_v set_v they_o so_o far_o distant_a but_o place_v it_o either_o about_o the_o heart_n or_o at_o least_o in_o the_o chest_n as_o well_o therefore_o may_v he_o have_v say_v that_o the_o heel_n be_v make_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o the_o brain_n wherefore_o we_o determine_v the_o use_n of_o the_o brain_n to_o be_v first_o for_o a_o habitation_n for_o the_o soul_n whereby_o she_o perform_v her_o animal_n function_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v principal_a as_o also_o diverse_a diverse_a those_o of_o sense_n and_o motion_n second_o that_o in_o the_o substance_n thereof_o the_o animal_n spirit_n may_v be_v labour_v therein_o convey_v and_o from_o thence_o derive_v into_o the_o body_n for_o so_o say_v galen_n in_o his_o 8._o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n and_o the_o 13._o chapter_n and_o the_o 9_o book_n and_o the_o galen_n galen_n 4._o chapter_n in_o the_o whole_a substance_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o animal_n spirit_n wrought_v and_o reserve_v not_o only_o in_o the_o ventricle_n and_o in_o his_o 12._o book_n of_o method_n the_o 5._o chapter_n &_o the_o three_o de_fw-fr locis_fw-la affect_n be_v and_o the_o 7._o speak_v of_o the_o fall_a sickness_n he_o say_v it_o be_v cause_v in_o the_o brain_n the_o humour_n hinder_v the_o animal_n spirit_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o ventricle_n that_o they_o can_v issue_n out_o three_o that_o the_o nerve_n and_o spinall_a marrow_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o marrow_n thereof_o which_o be_v so_o manifest_a as_o we_o need_v not_o cite_v the_o place_n of_o galen_n to_o prove_v it_o for_o the_o nerve_n receive_v from_o the_o brain_n as_o from_o a_o principle_n as_o we_o say_v á_fw-fr quo_fw-la and_o of_o dispensation_n the_o animal_n virtue_n and_o sensative_a soul_n which_o do_v reside_v in_o his_o substance_n and_o do_v distribute_v the_o faculty_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n into_o the_o organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o sense_n &_o motion_n as_o it_o be_v through_o channel_n have_v in_o they_o the_o animal_n spirit_n to_o convey_v the_o same_o faculty_n this_o animal_n spirit_n although_o it_o perform_v many_o service_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o lead_v spirit_n the_o animal_n spirit_n all_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n through_o the_o nerve_n into_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n but_o the_o instrument_n into_o which_o out_o of_o the_o brain_n it_o be_v pour_v into_o the_o nerve_n be_v manifold_a wherefore_o if_o they_o run_v into_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v the_o organ_n of_o the_o sight_n they_o make_v vision_n if_o into_o the_o ear_n hear_v etc._n etc._n this_o aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n the_o generatione_n animalium_fw-la comparison_n aristotle_n comparison_n and_o the_o last_o text_n elegante_o declare_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o smith_n hammer_n for_o as_o the_o hammer_n be_v but_o one_o instrument_n yet_o do_v many_o service_n according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o subject_n upon_o which_o it_o work_v so_o be_v the_o spirit_n in_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n administration_n &_o as_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o yet_o appear_v diverse_a if_o they_o light_v upon_o diverse_a color_n so_o be_v it_o with_o the_o animal_n spirit_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n although_o it_o be_v devoide_a of_o animal_n motion_n and_o sense_n for_o soul_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n it_o be_v not_o devoide_a of_o natural_a yet_o be_v it_o the_o original_n of_o sense_n and_o voluntary_a motion_n which_o we_o may_v better_o perceive_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o disease_n which_o we_o call_v the_o apoplexy_n for_o those_o that_o be_v apoplecticall_a although_o all_o their_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v perfect_a yet_o because_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v intercept_v they_o have_v no_o sense_n at_o all_o for_o the_o original_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n be_v total_o stop_v all_o the_o part_n under_o it_o do_v loose_a do_v sense_n and_o motion_n so_o also_o if_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v convey_v to_o any_o part_n be_v obstruct_v that_o part_n be_v deprive_v of_o sense_n &_o sense_n animal_n motion_n &_o sense_n motion_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o seat_n and_o residence_n of_o the_o sensative_a soul_n and_o the_o fountain_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n of_o sense_n because_o it_o receive_v the_o impression_n of_o all_o sensible_a thing_n of_o motion_n because_o it_o dispense_v the_o knowledge_n of_o avoid_v that_o which_o be_v hurtful_a and_o desire_v to_o follow_v after_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a and_o behooveful_a as_o for_o natural_a sense_n and_o motion_n there_o be_v a_o great_a question_n whether_o the_o brain_n have_v they_o sense_n natural_a sense_n or_o no_o and_o first_o for_o sense_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr vulneribus_fw-la capitis_fw-la say_v that_o the_o brain_n have_v present_a and_o exquisite_a sense_n about_o the_o sinciput_fw-la or_o side_n of_o the_o head_n because_o in_o this_o place_n the_o bone_n be_v the_o thin_a and_o most_o of_o the_o brain_n be_v there_o contain_v beside_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n be_v there_o thin_a also_o moreover_o say_v he_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o most_o acute_a and_o dangerous_a yea_o for_o the_o most_o part_n mortal_a and_o hard_a to_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o those_o that_o be_v not_o very_o well_o experience_v galen_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o symptom_n and_o the_o 8._o chapter_n say_v that_o the_o brain_n be_v not_o make_v by_o nature_n a_o instrument_n with_o sense_n but_o so_o that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o comprehend_v or_o galen_n galen_n perceive_v all_o those_o thing_n by_o which_o it_o suffer_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v the_o brain_n be_v not_o make_v to_o be_v a_o particular_a instrument_n of_o sense_n so_o as_o it_o can_v perceive_v
into_o the_o four_o muscle_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o the_o skin_n betwixt_o the_o buttock_n and_o the_o fundament_n notwithstanding_o in_o dog_n and_o ape_n there_o be_v three_o coniugation_n proceed_v out_o of_o the_o coccyx_fw-la or_o rump-bone_n wherefore_o to_o sum_n up_o all_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n have_v 30._o pair_n chapter_n the_o use_n of_o this_o chapter_n or_o coniugation_n of_o sinew_n seven_o belong_v to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o neck_n twelve_o to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o back_n five_o to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o six_o to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o holybone_n all_o which_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a a_o physician_n and_o surgeon_n shall_v know_v that_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o apply_v ointment_n cataplasm_n and_o such_o like_a to_o the_o proper_a part_n of_o the_o spin_v when_o the_o noll_n of_o the_o head_n the_o face_n the_o neck_n the_o hand_n the_o part_n of_o the_o chest_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la the_o womb_n the_o bladder_n the_o fundament_n the_o yard_n or_o the_o leg_n be_v deprive_v of_o sense_n or_o motion_n or_o both_o together_o chap._n xxii_o varolius_n his_o manner_n of_o dissect_v the_o head_n there_o be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o man_n so_o great_a variety_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o part_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o follow_v the_o trace_n of_o nature_n by_o humane_a diligence_n so_o near_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o sometime_o wander_v out_o of_o his_o way_n or_o be_v at_o loss_n it_o be_v therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o the_o ancient_a and_o first_o anatomist_n man_n questionless_a very_o oculate_a and_o sharp_a sight_v do_v not_o yet_o attain_v to_o the_o exquisite_a knowledge_n of_o all_o particular_n but_o leave_v many_o thing_n to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o perfect_v by_o their_o successor_n nay_o we_o assure_v ourselves_o that_o no_o process_n of_o time_n diligence_n of_o inquisition_n or_o help_n of_o other_o man_n labour_n shall_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v anatomy_n to_o such_o perfection_n but_o that_o there_o will_v be_v place_n leave_v for_o they_o that_o come_v after_o to_o find_v out_o something_o never_o before_o discover_v so_o like_a be_v this_o little_a world_n of_o man_n body_n to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o the_o universe_n wherein_o every_o day_n new_a country_n and_o nation_n yea_o populous_a and_o rich_a state_n and_o commonwealth_n be_v by_o traveller_n find_v out_o a_o instance_n hereof_o in_o the_o art_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v constantinus_n varolius_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1570._o invent_v a_o new_a manner_n of_o dissection_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o invention_n varolius_n his_o invention_n how_o it_o be_v accomplish_v as_o we_o have_v partly_o learned_a by_o his_o epistle_n write_v an._n 1573._o partly_o by_o our_o own_o dissection_n say_v bauhine_v for_o these_o 24._o year_n together_o we_o will_v here_o relate_v because_o it_o do_v better_a exhibit_v the_o true_a original_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o the_o nerve_n proceed_v there_o from_o as_o also_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o ventricle_n for_o our_o better_a satisfaction_n in_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o head_n and_o the_o explayn_v of_o some_o passage_n in_o hypocrates_n and_o galen_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o administration_n be_v that_o in_o the_o former_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o skull_n and_o the_o meninge_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v remove_v the_o contain_v part_n be_v lay_v admnistre_v how_o admnistre_v open_a to_o the_o view_n but_o in_o this_o which_o be_v full_a of_o labour_n and_o difficulty_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o head_n be_v on_o every_o side_n remove_v and_o the_o part_n contain_v within_o the_o skull_n yet_o cover_v with_o both_o the_o membrane_n have_v the_o eye_n the_o coniugation_n of_o the_o sinew_n and_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n join_v thereto_o be_v at_o one_o view_v represent_v and_o the_o section_n begin_v at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o brain_n but_o for_o this_o administration_n the_o head_n must_v be_v green_a and_o not_o waterish_a otherwise_o we_o shall_v loose_v our_o labour_n you_o must_v therefore_o take_v the_o head_n of_o a_o man_n new_o cut_v off_o or_o for_o want_v thereof_o a_o calf_n head_n will_v serve_v the_o turn_n because_o all_o the_o particular_n may_v be_v therein_o discern_v of_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n first_o of_o all_o we_o must_v begin_v at_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n which_o they_o say_v arise_v from_o the_o low_a basis_n of_o the_o brain_n at_o the_o great_a hole_n of_o the_o occipitium_fw-la or_o noll_n bone_n table_n 25._o fig._n 1._o from_o d_o marrow_n the_o administration_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n to_o â—_o this_o be_v establish_v within_o the_o skull_n in_o his_o proper_a seat_n and_o be_v compass_v or_o invest_v with_o the_o membrane_n wherefore_o after_o the_o thick_a meninx_n be_v remove_v the_o other_o call_v pia_fw-la mater_fw-la be_v also_o to_o be_v take_v away_o which_o be_v transparent_a and_o strong_a &_o by_o who_o mediation_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o marrow_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o hind_a part_n to_o the_o afterbrain_n it_o also_o detain_v or_o establish_v the_o spinall_a marrow_n that_o it_o be_v not_o reflect_v backward_o which_o haply_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o anatomist_n have_v not_o know_v his_o true_a original_n for_o if_o you_o take_v it_o up_o with_o a_o hook_n and_o light_o remove_v it_o with_o a_o knife_n from_o the_o part_n under_o it_o and_o bend_v the_o spinall_a marrow_n somewhat_o forward_o table_n 25._o figure_n 2._o a_o b_o then_o will_n his_o original_n show_v itself_o to_o be_v not_o in_o the_o occipitium_fw-la or_o where_o it_o be_v first_o tie_v to_o that_o thin_a membrane_n but_o ascend_v some-somewhat_a upward_o and_o in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o brain_n this_o marrow_n therefore_o consist_v of_o four_o root_n whereof_o the_o two_o great_a tab._n 25_o thereof_o the_o 4_o root_n thereof_o fig._n 2_o b_o c_o show_v the_o trunk_n reflect_v char._n 4._o and_o 1._o show_v the_o trunk_n in_o his_o own_o seat_n do_v issue_n out_o of_o two_o part_n of_o the_o brain_n in_o that_o place_n wherein_o the_o ventricles_n be_v reflect_v tab._n 25._o fig._n 2._o f_o g_o from_o the_o forward_z prominence_z or_o swell_v of_o the_o brain_n unto_o the_o middle_n &_o whereabout_o the_o optic_a nerve_n tab._n 25._o fig._n 2._o c_o d_o pass_v without_o the_o ventricle_n the_o other_o two_o root_n be_v two_o short_a trunk_n of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la tab._n 25._o fig._n 2._o cha_n 6_o join_v where_o join_v arise_v on_o either_o side_n out_o of_o the_o upper_a part_n thereof_o which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o two_o great_a production_n of_o the_o brain_n even_o now_o speak_v of_o tab._n 25._o fig._n 2._o betwixt_o the_o two_o character_n 2_o and_o 3_o and_o so_o of_o four_o be_v make_v two_o tab._n 25._o fig._n 1_o â—_o which_o afterward_o do_v accomplish_v the_o spinall_a marrow_n from_o which_o all_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n have_v their_o original_n as_o diligent_a inspection_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v and_o the_o same_o galen_n affirm_v in_o the_o 13._o chap._n of_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n where_o he_o say_v that_o all_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o spinal_a this_o galen_n acknoledge_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o marrow_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o after-braine_n so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o anatomy_n the_o spinall_a marrow_n be_v join_v to_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la some_o there_o be_v and_o columbus_n among_o the_o rest_n who_o herein_o tax_v galen_n affirm_v that_o no_o nerve_n proceed_v from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la but_o say_v varolius_n galens_n opinion_n may_v be_v after_o some_o sort_n maintain_v to_o be_v true_a but_o those_o that_o find_v fault_n with_o he_o affirm_v that_o which_o varolius_n he_o be_v taxedby_o columbus_n redeem_a by_o varolius_n be_v absolute_o false_a because_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n arise_v out_o of_o two_o root_n of_o the_o brain_n whence_o two_o pair_n of_o sinew_n be_v produce_v and_o out_o of_o two_o root_n of_o the_o after-braine_n which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o former_a and_o do_v together_o fulfil_v or_o accomplish_v the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o so_o all_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la one_o why_o the_o original_n of_o the_o sinew_n grow_v into_o one_o and_o very_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v thus_o it_o be_v profitable_a yea_o necessary_a for_o the_o principle_n or_o original_n of_o all_o thing_n have_v need_v to_o be_v firm_a and_o stable_a now_o by_o how_o much_o any_o thing_n be_v more_o single_a and_o simple_a by_o so_o much_o without_o doubt_n it_o be_v more_o solid_a and_o firm_a wherefore_o it_o behoove_v that_o
substance_n as_o shall_v both_o easy_o be_v move_v and_o yet_o not_o offend_v the_o eye_n by_o contaction_n the_o skin_n of_o the_o eie-lid_n be_v the_o thin_a almost_o of_o the_o whole_a body_n altogether_o without_o membrane_n the_o thinness_n of_o their_o skin_n &_o membrane_n fat_a lest_o thereby_o their_o motion_n shall_v be_v hinder_v their_o fleshy_a membrane_n be_v so_o thin_a that_o together_o with_o their_o muscle_n it_o be_v scarce_o so_o thick_a as_o the_o membrane_n alone_a which_o be_v under_o the_o skin_n in_o other_o part_n so_o that_o the_o orbicular_a muscle_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o then_o the_o fleshy_a membrane_n distinguish_v with_o small_a fleshy_a fibres_n as_o galen_n say_v of_o it_o in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o tenuitie_n or_o thinness_n of_o the_o membrane_n and_o skin_n of_o the_o eyelid_n aristotle_n say_v that_o their_o skin_n be_v without_o flesh_n and_o therefore_o if_o it_o be_v wound_v will_v not_o join_v together_o again_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o prepuce_fw-la or_o foreskin_n of_o the_o yard_n aristotle_n aristotle_n the_o inner_a membrane_n table_n 1._o figure_n 5._o cc_o which_o be_v produce_v from_o the_o pericranium_n be_v exceed_o thin_a and_o light_a thin_a and_o light_a than_o the_o pericranium_n itself_o polish_v also_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o hurt_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o move_v immediate_o against_o it_o this_o membrane_n be_v produce_v into_o a_o length_n answerable_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o eye-lidde_n as_o also_o into_o their_o skin_n do_v make_v in_o the_o upper_a &_o low_a part_n a_o round_a angle_n and_o become_v duplicate_v or_o double_v to_o which_o duplication_n be_v amnex_v a_o certain_a gristly_a substance_n hard_o than_o a_o membrane_n which_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o call_v it_o before_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o eie-lid_n &_o this_o substance_n shut_v t_v up_o &_o comprehend_v the_o duplication_n before_o speak_v off_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o this_o membrane_n compass_v and_o as_o it_o be_v subdivide_v the_o inner_a superficies_n of_o both_o the_o lid_n the_o other_o cover_v the_o exterior_a roundness_n of_o the_o eye_n above_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o muscle_n as_o farrea_n to_o the_o iris_n and_o produce_v that_o coat_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v call_v adnata_fw-la for_o to_o it_o it_o be_v continue_v table_n 1._o fig._n 7._o w_o which_o love_o join_v the_o lid_n unto_o the_o eye_n now_o the_o thinness_n and_o the_o lightness_n of_o the_o membrane_n be_v necessary_a to_o further_o the_o swiftness_n and_o suddenness_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o eye-lidde_n for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v heavy_a lid_n tâ—â—â—eason_n of_o the_o thinness_n be_v of_o the_o lid_n they_o can_v neither_o have_v be_v move_v sudden_o nor_o often_o which_o two_o thing_n be_v very_o necessary_a the_o frequency_n of_o the_o motion_n to_o meet_v with_o whatsoever_o may_v affect_v the_o eye_n the_o celerity_n to_o take_v away_o all_o impediment_n of_o the_o sight_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n therefore_o if_o nature_n make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o eyelid_n very_o thin_a smooth_a and_o soft_a that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v more_o nimble_a and_o prompt_a to_o move_v at_o our_o pleasure_n the_o motion_n of_o both_o the_o eyelid_n be_v upward_o and_o downward_o there_o be_v also_o another_o motion_n eyelid_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o eyelid_n make_v by_o they_o both_o together_o which_o be_v circular_a wherein_o both_o the_o eyelid_n be_v gather_v together_o for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o eye_n shall_v be_v open_v and_o shut_v for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v always_o cover_v with_o the_o lid_n they_o can_v never_o have_v receive_v the_o image_n of_o their_o object_n and_o if_o they_o have_v always_o remain_v open_a neither_o have_v they_o be_v free_a from_o outward_a injury_n and_o beside_o they_o will_v soon_o have_v grow_v weak_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o perpetual_a dissipation_n of_o their_o inward_a light_n wherefore_o it_o be_v of_o necessity_n they_o shall_v be_v open_v and_o shut_v and_o therefore_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 13._o chapter_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr partibus_fw-la animalium_fw-la write_v thereof_o the_o necessity_n thereof_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v by_o a_o instinct_n of_o nature_n not_o after_o the_o guidance_n of_o our_o will_n and_o that_o the_o eye_n by_o that_o instinct_n do_v wink_v at_o any_o thing_n that_o fall_v towards_o they_o but_o this_o conceit_n galen_n reprehend_v in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la where_o he_o say_v there_o be_v some_o sophister_n when_o they_o can_v not_o find_v out_o either_o the_o muscle_n which_o move_v the_o eyelid_n or_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o motion_n they_o become_v so_o impudent_a as_o to_o deny_v that_o their_o galen_n galen_n motion_n depend_v upon_o our_o will_n but_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a like_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o artery_n and_o of_o the_o heart_n esteem_v it_o better_a to_o teach_v a_o lie_n then_o to_o confess_v their_o own_o ignorance_n but_o this_o motion_n although_o it_o be_v voluntary_a yet_o it_o be_v partly_o free_a partly_o constrain_v the_o voluntary_a the_o motion_n double_a or_o of_o 2_o kind_n voluntary_a free_a motion_n be_v for_o the_o cover_n and_o custody_n of_o the_o eye_n if_o haply_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v troublesome_a unto_o they_o as_o too_o strong_a a_o light_n smoke_n dust_n a_o blow_n or_o whatsoever_o may_v happen_v unto_o they_o from_o without_o that_o motion_n we_o call_v constrain_v which_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o a_o corporiall_a affection_n or_o serve_v thereunto_o and_o this_o motion_n be_v exceed_o sudden_a and_o swift_a and_o constrain_v constrain_v therefore_o for_o the_o most_o part_n we_o do_v not_o mark_v it_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n rather_o think_v excuse_v aristotle_n excuse_v it_o natural_a then_o voluntary_a for_o example_n when_o we_o have_v long_a time_n hold_v our_o eye_n open_a although_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o offend_v they_o yet_o we_o be_v constrain_v to_o close_v they_o up_o or_o at_o lest_o to_o wink_n and_o that_o often_o and_o more_o sudden_o in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n when_o the_o wind_n blow_v then_o when_o the_o air_n be_v quiet_a it_o may_v be_v because_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o touch_n of_o the_o external_a air_n because_o of_o the_o tendon_n of_o his_o muscle_n which_o be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n and_o expose_v almost_o naked_a to_o the_o air_n have_v nothing_o upon_o they_o but_o the_o thin_a membrane_n call_v adnata_fw-la beside_o it_o have_v be_v often_o observe_v that_o the_o chrystaline_a humour_n it_o eye_n how_o cold_a offend_v the_o eye_n self_n have_v be_v condense_v or_o thicken_v with_o cold_a to_o the_o great_a detriment_n of_o the_o sight_n wherefore_o that_o the_o eye_n may_v not_o be_v hinder_v at_o all_o from_o see_v nor_o from_o preservation_n of_o itself_o when_o need_n do_v require_v the_o eyelid_n be_v necessary_o make_v with_o a_o sudden_a and_o swift_a motion_n to_o shut_v they_o and_o open_v they_o again_o now_o these_o motion_n be_v perform_v by_o two_o muscle_n common_o call_v the_o muscle_n of_o eyelid_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eyelid_n the_o eyelid_n but_o archangelus_n call_v they_o musculi_fw-la ocularii_fw-la neither_o do_v other_o agree_v in_o the_o number_n of_o these_o muscle_n for_o galen_n and_o the_o ancient_n as_o also_o vesalius_n and_o siluius_n do_v make_v two_o divide_v the_o orbicular_a muscle_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v anon_o into_o two_o whereof_o one_o say_v they_o lifteth_z the_o eie-lid_n up_o the_o other_o depress_v it_o or_o move_v it_o downward_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v there_o be_v only_o one_o muscle_n which_o shut_v the_o upper_a lid_n according_a to_o columbus_n fallopius_n they_o diverse_a opinion_n concern_v they_o and_o archangelus_n platerus_n bauhine_n and_o aquapenaens_n affirm_v that_o that_o muscle_n contract_v both_o the_o lid_n laurentius_n indeed_o make_v this_o muscle_n double_a and_o yet_o he_o say_v that_o both_o of_o they_o shut_v the_o upper_a lid_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o galen_n vesalius_n and_o siluius_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o muscle_n that_o open_v the_o eye_n which_o fallopius_n platerus_n bauhine_n laurentius_n &_o aquapendens_fw-la will_v have_v to_o be_v but_o one_o but_o columbus_n and_o archangelus_n say_v there_o be_v two_o the_o one_o of_o they_o we_o acknowledge_v but_o that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o second_o we_o say_v move_v the_o eye_n round_o the_o motion_n therefore_o of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v perform_v by_o two_o muscle_n the_o one_o right_n tab_v 1_o m_o tab_v 2_o β_n of_o which_o galen_n vesalius_n and_o siluius_n be_v ignorant_a and_o fallopius_n ascribe_v the_o invention_n
yet_o make_v not_o the_o membrane_n messa_n say_v that_o the_o sound_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o small_a bone_n and_o thence_o we_o hear_v messa_n hear_v 9_o messa_n volcherus_fw-la coiter_v the_o outward_a air_n affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n run_v coiter_v run_v 10._o coiter_v upon_o the_o membrane_n or_o head_n of_o the_o drum_n which_o when_o it_o be_v beat_v move_v the_o small_a bone_n that_o be_v tie_v to_o it_o the_o bone_n strike_v the_o nerve_n that_o run_v overthwart_o the_o membrane_n the_o same_o nerve_n make_v a_o repercussion_n upon_o the_o membrane_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o air_n include_v receyve_v the_o alteration_n and_o the_o sound_n the_o sound_v without_o any_o disturbance_n be_v carry_v through_o the_o contort_a meander_n of_o the_o ear_n to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n which_o receyve_v the_o image_n of_o the_o noise_n and_o present_v it_o to_o the_o principal_a sensator_fw-la laurentius_n have_v almost_o the_o very_a same_o in_o substance_n the_o outward_a aer_fw-la say_v he_o be_v strike_v laurentius_n strike_v 11._o laurentius_n by_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n and_o affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n alter_v the_o air_n that_o be_v next_o unto_o it_o till_o by_o a_o continuation_n it_o come_v to_o the_o ear_n where_o it_o first_o encounter_v with_o the_o membrane_n the_o membrane_n be_v strike_v move_v the_o three_o little_a bone_n and_o transmit_v in_o a_o moment_n the_o lively_a character_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o character_n be_v receyve_v by_o the_o implant_v air_n and_o through_o the_o window_n it_o send_v it_o through_o these_o crooked_a and_o wind_a labyrinth_n into_o the_o snail_n shell_n from_o whence_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v conveygh_v to_o the_o common_a sense_n as_o unto_o a_o equal_a judge_n or_o censor_n archangelus_n have_v it_o on_o this_o manner_n as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v understande_v he_o the_o thing_n that_o archangelus_n that_o 11._o archangelus_n make_v the_o sound_n seal_v or_o stamp_v in_o the_o air_n the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o the_o sound_n and_o withal_o drive_v it_o on_o unto_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v also_o airy_a that_o it_o may_v better_o receive_v those_o species_n and_o must_v likewise_o be_v move_v wherefore_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear_n stand_v always_o open_a and_o in_o his_o inside_n support_v the_o stretch_a membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n behind_o which_o the_o airy_a instrument_n of_o hear_v be_v conclude_v or_o shut_v up_o and_o to_o which_o the_o anvile_n cleave_v when_o the_o outward_a air_n attain_v to_o that_o membrane_n the_o hammer_n beat_v upon_o the_o anvile_n and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v necessary_o that_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v by_o which_o he_o understand_v the_o implant_v air_n it_o move_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n that_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v move_v whence_o it_o be_v that_o altogether_o the_o same_o species_n or_o similitude_n of_o sound_n move_v the_o faculty_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v bring_v thither_o by_o the_o outward_a air_n now_o the_o nerve_n of_o hear_v do_v determine_v into_o the_o same_o place_n where_o this_o airy_a instrument_n of_o hear_v be_v conclude_v and_o a_o membrane_n make_v of_o the_o amplification_n of_o these_o nerve_n encompass_v that_o airy_a body_n as_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v arrive_v at_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n and_o as_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v convey_v upon_o the_o wing_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o common_a sense_n the_o visive_a faculty_n to_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n so_o these_o nerve_n from_o the_o same_o common_a sense_n do_v transport_v the_o faculty_n of_o hear_v to_o the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o perception_n make_v of_o audible_a thing_n and_o so_o the_o hear_v when_o it_o have_v apprehend_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o audible_a thing_n carry_v it_o to_o the_o soul_n and_o then_o the_o reason_n or_o the_o intellectual_a or_o sensative_a soul_n comprehend_v and_o take_v knowledge_n of_o that_o which_o make_v the_o sound_n to_o be_v a_o bell_n or_o a_o drum_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n final_o bauhine_v my_o author_n i_o call_v he_o so_o often_o my_o author_n to_o stop_v their_o mouth_n bauhine_v mouth_n 13._o bauhine_v who_o will_v think_v that_o i_o shall_v arragate_v too_o much_o to_o myself_o if_o i_o shall_v not_o acknowledge_v he_o from_o who_o i_o have_v take_v most_o of_o this_o history_n express_v it_o on_o this_o manner_n the_o outward_a air_n be_v a_o external_a medium_fw-la which_o be_v drive_v and_o move_v by_o the_o mutual_a percussion_n of_o two_o hard_a body_n and_o affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n carry_v the_o sound_n which_o result_v from_o that_o percussion_n unto_o the_o eare._n the_o sound_n pass_v through_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v always_o open_a unto_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n which_o it_o move_v that_o membrane_n be_v move_v the_o implant_v or_o inbred_a air_n be_v also_o move_v and_o receive_v the_o sound_n or_o at_o least_o his_o character_n or_o impression_n and_o transport_v it_o out_o of_o the_o first_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o stirrup_n and_o the_o ouall_a window_n to_o the_o other_o two_o cavity_n which_o we_o call_v the_o labyrinth_n and_o the_o snayle-shel_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n and_o to_o the_o original_n thereof_o that_o be_v the_o afterbrain_n and_o so_o to_o the_o common_a sense_n as_o unto_o a_o judge_n that_o be_v able_a to_o determine_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n and_o because_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n be_v join_v in_o the_o bridge_n of_o the_o afterbrain_n from_o whence_o they_o proceed_v therefore_o all_o sound_n be_v apprehend_v in_o one_o comprehension_n not_o in_o two_o though_o there_o be_v two_o ear_n that_o be_v two_o organ_n of_o hear_v but_o least_o the_o membrane_n before_o mention_v shall_v be_v drive_v too_o much_o inward_a by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n when_o it_o be_v violent_o beat_v nature_n provide_v three_o small_a bone_n and_o muscle_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o to_o prevent_v that_o inconvenience_n the_o use_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v according_a to_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la be_v to_o acquire_v or_o get_v knowledge_n and_o wisdom_n for_o speech_n be_v a_o audible_a thing_n be_v the_o very_a cause_n of_o learning_n again_o by_o the_o hear_a thing_n be_v signify_v to_o ourselves_o as_o by_o aristotle_n the_o useof_o the_o hear_v aristotle_n our_o voice_n and_o tongue_n we_o be_v able_a to_o signify_v any_o thing_n to_o another_o as_o aristotle_n have_v well_o observe_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o so_o much_o shall_v have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v speak_v concern_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v wherein_o i_o find_v that_o i_o have_v great_a cause_n to_o entreat_v my_o reader_n favourablie_o to_o deprecation_n a_o deprecation_n read_v over_o this_o discourse_n and_o to_o pardon_v i_o if_o in_o some_o thing_n i_o have_v not_o so_o full_o satisfy_v he_o for_o there_o be_v some_o passage_n in_o my_o author_n wherein_o i_o have_v be_v entangle_v partly_o by_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o matter_n partly_o by_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o printer_n for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o the_o least_o error_n may_v prove_v a_o sufficient_a remora_fw-la or_o obstacle_n to_o interrupt_v the_o course_n of_o a_o discourse_n but_o as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o have_v follow_v their_o word_n at_o least_o their_o meaning_n if_o they_o understand_v themselves_o as_o of_o some_o of_o they_o i_o make_v much_o doubt_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o nose_n which_o be_v the_o instrmment_n of_o smell_a have_v absolve_v the_o history_n of_o those_o many_o particle_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v we_o will_v now_o come_v to_o the_o three_o outward_a sense_n which_o be_v the_o smell_a as_o therefore_o we_o say_v in_o the_o ear_n that_o there_o be_v a_o outward_a ear_n and_o a_o inward_a ear_n so_o must_v we_o also_o divide_v the_o nose_n into_o a_o outward_a and_o inward_a the_o outward_a nose_n carry_v with_o it_o say_v laurentius_n a_o kind_n of_o beauty_n yea_o of_o majesty_n and_o the_o egyptian_n in_o their_o hyeroglyphick_n signify_v a_o wise_a and_o use_n the_o outward_a use_n prudent_a man_n by_o a_o nose_n and_o festus_n call_v such_o wise_a man_n nasutos_fw-la as_o if_o they_o be_v able_a to_o send_v or_o smell_v the_o politic_a stratagem_n of_o other_o man_n beside_o man_n only_o those_o creature_n nasuti_n nasuti_n have_v this_o outward_a nose_n that_o have_v four_o foot_n and_o bring_v
perceive_v in_o himself_o indeed_o some_o man_n of_o no_o small_a estimation_n have_v affirm_v that_o we_o can_v smell_v if_o we_o retain_v our_o breath_n but_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v because_o the_o odour_n do_v not_o attain_v unto_o the_o organ_n nay_o it_o do_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o nostril_n for_o therein_o they_o be_v deceive_v they_o think_v they_o can_v hold_v their_o breath_n immooveable_a whereas_o indeed_o the_o natural_a instinct_n drive_v their_o breath_n forth_o do_v also_o drive_v the_o odorable_a object_n from_o the_o organ_n but_o let_v they_o prove_v that_o though_o a_o fume_n do_v of_o it_o own_o accord_n ascend_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nostril_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o perceive_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_v unless_o they_o add_v respiration_n thereto_o and_o then_o i_o will_v yield_v they_o the_o buckler_n you_o will_v demand_v if_o respiration_n be_v not_o necessary_a why_o do_v we_o purposely_o draw_v our_o breath_n when_o we_o will_v smell_v answer_n question_n answer_n the_o answer_n be_v at_o hand_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o object_n may_v soon_o and_o more_o plentiful_o attain_v unto_o the_o organ_n we_o grant_v therefore_o that_o inspiration_n help_v the_o smell_n mâ—ch_o but_o it_o conclusion_n conclusion_n do_v not_o thence_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a again_o to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o life_n inspiration_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a but_o for_o better_a life_n not_o so_o but_o only_o by_o accident_n or_o secondary_o in_o like_a manner_n we_o confess_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_v be_v not_o ordinary_o without_o respiration_n but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v and_o respiration_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o the_o be_v but_o to_o the_o better_a be_v of_o the_o sense_n and_o if_o nature_n have_v prepare_v the_o way_n of_o respiration_n through_o some_o other_o member_n and_o not_o through_o the_o nose_n yet_o undoubted_o the_o nose_n will_v have_v smell_v as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o those_o creature_n which_o do_v not_o respire_v and_o this_o be_v placentinus_n his_o opinion_n qvest._n xlvi_o why_o man_n do_v not_o smell_v so_o well_o as_o many_o other_o creature_n plato_n in_o timaeo_n and_o theophrastus_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o six_o book_n de_fw-fr causis_fw-la plantarum_fw-la together_o with_o many_o other_o who_o have_v write_v of_o this_o subject_n all_o of_o they_o i_o say_v with_o one_o consent_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a be_v more_o dull_a in_o man_n then_o in_o many_o other_o creature_n the_o same_o do_v aristotle_n avouch_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la where_o he_o also_o add_v that_o of_o all_o the_o sense_n this_o sense_n of_o smell_a in_o man_n be_v most_o sluggish_a and_o dull_a which_o also_o he_o confirm_v in_o the_o 92._o text_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la the_o truth_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v very_o evident_a by_o the_o example_n of_o other_o creature_n as_o dog_n man_n what_o creature_n smell_v better_a than_o man_n hog_n crow_n bee_n and_o other_o bird_n and_o beast_n which_o be_v able_a a_o far_o off_o to_o wind_n as_o we_o say_v the_o send_v of_o any_o thing_n but_o man_n be_v constrain_v to_o move_v the_o object_n even_o unto_o the_o nose_n and_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o discern_v or_o perceive_v any_o smell_n but_o those_o that_o be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o alter_v the_o sense_n either_o into_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n add_v hereto_o that_o many_o brute_n beast_n do_v know_v more_o by_o their_o smell_n then_o man_n can_v attain_v to_o by_o all_o his_o sense_n as_o the_o hound_n that_o can_v beast_n smell_v many_o thing_n that_o man_n can_v hunt_v upon_o the_o cold_a foot_n of_o a_o hare_n or_o a_o dear_a yea_o they_o can_v in_o the_o night_n follow_v a_o man_n step_n and_o work_v out_o his_o way_n through_o a_o thousand_o difficulty_n and_o entanglement_n or_o permixtion_n of_o other_o smell_v so_o we_o see_v also_o that_o in_o the_o dark_a a_o dog_n will_v know_v his_o own_o master_n from_o a_o great_a many_o other_o man_n only_o by_o his_o smell_n a_o tiger_n be_v rob_v of_o her_o whelp_n will_v find_v they_o out_o again_o by_o her_o smell_n now_o none_o of_o these_o odour_n can_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_v in_o man_n apprehend_v the_o reason_n hereof_o aristotle_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v refer_v unto_o the_o fault_n not_o of_o the_o faculty_n but_o of_o the_o organ_n for_o this_o organ_n be_v cold_a and_o very_a moist_a but_o the_o object_n hot_a and_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o dry_a now_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o organ_n shall_v potential_o be_v such_o as_o the_o subject_n be_v actual_o so_o that_o when_o sensation_n be_v make_v the_o object_n may_v work_v upon_o the_o instrument_n and_o convert_v it_o into_o his_o nature_n but_o in_o this_o sense_n of_o smell_a such_o conversion_n can_v be_v make_v without_o great_a difficulty_n for_o that_o which_o be_v moist_a do_v hardly_o become_v dry_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o difficulty_n a_o man_n smell_v but_o remissly_a or_o dull_o that_o be_v not_o without_o either_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o object_n must_v be_v very_o vehement_a before_o it_o can_v turn_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o organ_n into_o his_o own_o nature_n that_o be_v make_v it_o hot_a and_o dry_a beside_o this_o proper_a &_o native_a unfitnesse_n of_o the_o organ_n there_o be_v also_o another_o ineptitude_n add_v and_o that_o be_v the_o vicinity_n or_o neighbourhoode_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o be_v in_o man_n much_o reason_n other_o reason_n great_a in_o respect_n of_o his_o magnitude_n then_o in_o other_o creature_n see_v therefore_o the_o brain_n abound_v with_o moisture_n which_o moisture_n be_v also_o impart_v unto_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o that_o instrument_n by_o this_o conjunction_n of_o the_o brain_n become_v more_o unapt_a whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 33._o problem_n of_o the_o ten_o section_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a be_v much_o incommodate_v by_o the_o moist_a superfluity_n of_o the_o brame_n the_o power_n therefore_o of_o smell_a being_n as_o it_o be_v steep_v in_o this_o moisture_n grow_v dull_a and_o sleepy_a which_o in_o that_o which_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a will_v be_v awake_v and_o show_v itself_o and_o therefore_o in_o bruit_n beast_n who_o brain_n be_v not_o either_o so_o moist_a or_o at_o least_o yield_v not_o so_o much_o moisture_n because_o they_o be_v less_o this_o faculty_n or_o sense_n be_v more_o pregnant_a and_o apprehensive_a some_o argument_n be_v nevertheless_o make_v to_o the_o contrary_a for_o thus_o they_o say_v where_o objection_n objection_n the_o form_n be_v more_o excellent_a there_o also_o the_o faculty_n be_v proportionable_o excellent_a now_o we_o know_v that_o the_o form_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v his_o reasonable_a soul_n be_v far_o more_o excellent_a than_o the_o sensative_a form_n of_o a_o bruit_n beast_n wherefore_o the_o faculty_n also_o of_o his_o form_n be_v more_o perfect_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n that_o of_o smell_a we_o answer_v that_o albeit_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n be_v much_o more_o excellent_a and_o divine_a then_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o beast_n yet_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v chain_v in_o the_o prison_n of_o this_o body_n of_o earth_n it_o solution_n solution_n can_v perform_v his_o function_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o corporeal_a organ_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o temperature_n and_o conformation_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v more_o or_o less_o convenient_a so_o be_v the_o function_n more_o perfect_a or_o imperfect_a see_v therefore_o that_o the_o organ_n of_o smell_a by_o which_o as_o by_o a_o hand_n the_o soul_n reach_v odour_n unto_o itself_o be_v as_o we_o say_v in_o man_n somewhat_o to_o moist_a and_o therefore_o unfit_a for_o the_o sudden_a and_o quick_a reception_n of_o odour_n it_o follow_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o fault_n of_o the_o instrument_n the_o faculty_n of_o the_o sould_n be_v as_o it_o be_v abate_v or_o allay_v that_o it_o can_v so_o perfect_o and_o free_o manifest_v itself_o it_o may_v be_v object_v again_o that_o because_o the_o organ_n of_o a_o man_n smell_n be_v cold_a &_o moist_a he_o shall_v smell_v the_o better_o not_o more_o dull_o for_o that_o which_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a as_o odour_n be_v objection_n objection_n do_v work_v more_o powerful_o upon_o that_o which_o be_v the_o cold_a and_o the_o moyst_a true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o odour_n will_v work_v better_o upon_o the_o organ_n but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o can_v so_o easy_o convert_v it_o into_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v in_o a_o great_a solution_n solution_n
of_o nature_n by_o no_o mean_n for_o if_o you_o deceive_v a_o child_n with_o a_o suckle_a bottle_n or_o any_o such_o thing_n like_o the_o nipple_n of_o the_o mother_n breast_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o taste_v that_o which_o be_v therein_o to_o differ_v from_o the_o aliment_n which_o he_o natural_o desire_v he_o will_v present_o cry_v and_o not_o be_v appease_v till_o he_o have_v his_o mother_n breast_n again_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o odour_n and_o some_o difficulty_n coincident_a with_o they_o now_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o difference_n qvest._n li._n of_o the_o difference_n of_o odour_n to_o distinguish_v the_o particular_a kind_n and_o difference_n of_o odour_n &_o to_o give_v their_o proper_a name_n be_v altogether_o impossible_a partly_o because_o the_o sense_n be_v but_o dull_a and_o partly_o because_o of_o our_o own_o ignorance_n which_o the_o best_a philosopher_n have_v nice_a difference_n of_o odour_n very_o nice_a not_o be_v ashamed_a to_o confess_v wherefore_o those_o that_o have_v write_v of_o this_o part_n of_o philosophy_n consider_v how_o imperfect_a our_o sense_n be_v to_o make_v fit_a distinction_n of_o this_o object_n see_v we_o can_v smell_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o do_v vehement_o goad_n and_o affect_v the_o sense_n they_o have_v think_v good_a to_o distinguish_v the_o kind_n of_o odour_n improper_o and_o by_o way_n of_o translation_n by_o the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n and_o taste_n neither_o have_v they_o do_v this_o without_o good_a ground_n for_o between_o sapour_n and_o savour_n as_o in_o the_o name_n so_o in_o the_o nature_n there_o be_v a_o great_a affinity_n analogy_n and_o proportion_n insomuch_o that_o the_o odour_n or_o savour_n depend_v upon_o the_o sapour_fw-la or_o taste_n so_o say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la there_o taste_v therefore_o refer_v to_o taste_v be_v no_o bode_n odoriferous_a which_o have_v not_o also_o a_o strong_a taste_n define_v that_o to_o be_v odoriferous_a or_o able_a to_o move_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_v which_o have_v in_o it_o power_n to_o diffuse_v a_o sapide_a siccity_n &_o a_o while_n after_o he_o say_v if_o therefore_o any_o man_n shall_v esteem_v both_o to_o wit_n air_n and_o water_n moist_a it_o will_v follow_v that_o odour_n will_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o sapide_a siccity_n recide_v in_o moisture_n the_o kind_n therefore_o of_o odour_n which_o fall_v under_o our_o sense_n be_v these_o bite_a sweet_a sour_a tart_a and_o fat._n as_o for_o rot_a smell_n these_o say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v odour_n the_o kind_n of_o odour_n be_v proportionable_a with_o bitter_a taste_n because_o as_o bitter_a thing_n be_v hardly_o swallow_v so_o rot_v or_o stink_a smell_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o the_o sense_n without_o a_o kind_n of_o regret_n and_o loathe_n there_o be_v two_o other_o difference_n of_o odour_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o bruit_n beast_n and_o by_o accident_n do_v move_v pleasure_n or_o pain_n as_o those_o odour_n which_o together_o with_o the_o steam_n do_v arise_v from_o meat_n which_o be_v pleasant_a to_o those_o that_o be_v hungry_a and_o unplesant_a and_o offensive_a to_o such_o as_o be_v satisfy_v the_o other_o kind_n be_v of_o itself_o pleasant_a or_o unpleasant_a as_o the_o smell_n that_o breathe_v from_o flower_n and_o this_o be_v proper_a to_o man_n alone_o for_o they_o do_v not_o provoke_v the_o appetite_n more_o or_o less_o but_o rather_o by_o another_o kind_n of_o satisfaction_n do_v dull_a and_o appease_v it_o yet_o we_o must_v not_o believe_v that_o all_o the_o difference_n of_o taste_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o odour_n for_o who_o ever_o say_v that_o he_o feel_v a_o salt_n smell_v final_o odour_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a natural_a odour_n be_v those_o which_o be_v natural_o in_o the_o body_n artificial_a be_v such_o as_o apothecary_n use_v to_o make_v for_o pleasure_n or_o for_o physic_n of_o the_o commixtion_n of_o many_o spice_n and_o these_o we_o call_v compound_v odour_n the_o other_o simple_a qvest._n lii_o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o mean_a of_o smell_a it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v call_v into_o question_n whether_o the_o smell_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la or_o no._n all_o man_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o a_o medium_fw-la be_v require_v partly_o opinion_n the_o philosopher_n opinion_n subscribe_v to_o that_o axiom_n so_o often_o before_o itterate_v by_o us._n that_o the_o object_n immediate_o touch_v the_o instrument_n make_v no_o sensation_n partly_o because_o in_o the_o 97j_fw-la text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la aristotle_n speak_v particular_o of_o the_o smell_n have_v assign_v thereto_o a_o determinate_a medium_fw-la or_o mean_a for_o in_o that_o place_n he_o do_v not_o only_o take_v away_o the_o doubt_n whether_o this_o sense_n be_v make_v by_o a_o medium_fw-la but_o withal_o he_o declare_v by_o what_o medium_fw-la it_o be_v absolve_v and_o perfect_v with_o he_o therefore_o as_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n we_o also_o consent_v for_o odour_n have_v his_o residence_n in_o a_o fumide_a exhalation_n with_o which_o exhalation_n the_o odour_n exhale_v out_o of_o the_o body_n that_o vapour_n can_v accompany_v the_o odour_n unto_o the_o smell_a confirm_a what_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la of_o smell_a organ_n especial_o where_o the_o distance_n be_v any_o thing_n great_a betwixt_o the_o body_n out_o of_o which_o the_o odour_n issue_v and_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n but_o it_o must_v be_v dissipate_v unless_o it_o be_v preserve_v by_o some_o medium_fw-la yet_o even_o that_o medâ—um_fw-la do_v not_o so_o preserve_v it_o but_o by_o degree_n it_o be_v dissipate_v and_o vanish_v away_o we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la but_o what_o this_o medium_fw-la shall_v be_v that_o say_v plancentinus_n i_o be_o not_o resolve_v of_o although_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o all_o philosopher_n with_o one_o consent_n do_v agree_v herein_o with_o aristotle_n who_o say_v this_o medium_fw-la be_v double_a to_o wit_n air_n and_o water_n concern_v the_o air_n it_o be_v without_o controversy_n the_o medium_fw-la of_o smell_a because_o when_o we_o draw_v our_o breath_n we_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o smell_v &_o beside_o the_o odour_n that_o exhale_v approve_v the_o air_n approve_v out_o of_o the_o mix_a body_n be_v not_o diffuse_v into_o all_o dimension_n but_o only_o that_o way_n which_o the_o air_n be_v diffuse_v a_o certain_a sign_n that_o the_o air_n be_v both_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o vehickle_a of_o smell_v concern_v the_o water_n placentinus_n make_v some_o doubt_n although_o arist._n in_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la &_o especial_o in_o the_o 8_o chap._n of_o his_o 4._o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la do_v strive_v earnest_o to_o prove_v that_o to_o fish_n the_o water_n be_v the_o true_a medium_fw-la of_o smell_a his_o foundation_n be_v that_o those_o creature_n which_o live_v in_o the_o water_n do_v smell_v which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o must_v be_v also_o a_o medium_fw-la wherein_o the_o object_n shall_v be_v transport_v that_o medium_fw-la it_o the_o water_n question_v aristotle_n for_o it_o can_v be_v air_n for_o air_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v generate_v in_o water_n do_v exhale_v or_o bubble_v up_o as_o the_o same_o arist._n teach_v in_o the_o 5_o chap._n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sens_n et_fw-fr sensil_n from_o whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o for_o fish_n the_o water_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o true_o the_o consequence_n be_v certain_o and_o undoubted_o good_a if_o the_o foundation_n and_o ground_n where-upon_a he_o raise_v it_o be_v true_a but_o we_o have_v call_v that_o into_o question_n before_o now_o i_o will_v add_v only_o one_o argument_n and_o that_o take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la on_o this_o manner_n all_o odom_n have_v his_o it_o placentinus_n against_o it_o existence_n in_o siccity_n &_o therefore_o require_v also_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v dry_a lest_o the_o object_n shall_v loose_v his_o odour_n for_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la to_o conserve_v the_o object_n but_o water_n be_v moist_a be_v no_o way_n fit_a to_o conserve_v the_o dry_a odour_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o contrariety_n betwixt_o they_o unless_o a_o man_n will_v be_v so_o debase_v as_o to_o say_v that_o one_o contrary_a can_v be_v the_o medium_fw-la unto_o the_o other_o which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v affirm_v that_o contrary_n do_v not_o mutual_o impugn_v but_o cherish_v and_o foster_v one_o another_o see_v therefore_o water_n which_o be_v moist_a must_v needs_o extinguish_v or_o dissolve_v the_o odour_n which_o
de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la to_o wit_n because_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o a_o exactness_n of_o sensation_n now_o say_v galen_n those_o part_n which_o have_v need_n of_o exact_a sense_n have_v all_o of_o they_o receyve_v soft_a nerve_n from_o this_o that_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v shape_v answer_n unto_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o argument_n three_o to_o the_o three_o that_o the_o gullet_n swallow_v some_o meat_n and_o loathe_v other_o that_o the_o stomach_n retain_v some_o meat_n and_o cast_v up_o other_o we_o ascribe_v unto_o the_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n which_o they_o feel_v from_o the_o tactile_a quality_n for_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o man_n none_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o touch_v so_o exquisite_a as_o the_o stomach_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v membranous_a it_o have_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o branch_n of_o nerve_n insert_v thereinto_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o it_o kick_v against_o the_o least_o offence_n so_o if_o we_o thrust_v our_o finger_n into_o our_o throat_n we_o can_v procure_v a_o vomit_n other_o why_o the_o stomach_n cast_v up_o some_o meat_n &_o retein_v other_o not_o that_o we_o make_v our_o stomach_n loath_a any_o thing_n but_o because_o the_o tactile_a quality_n do_v urge_v and_o provoke_v a_o sensible_a part_n we_o also_o may_v say_v that_o because_o of_o the_o contiguity_n of_o part_n the_o stomach_n be_v forewarn_v by_o the_o tongue_n so_o that_o the_o tongue_n perceive_v any_o horrid_a or_o unpleasant_a savour_n communicate_v the_o sensation_n to_o the_o stomach_n forewarn_v it_o of_o a_o approach_a enemy_n which_o thereupon_o stir_v up_o itself_o as_o it_o be_v to_o battle_n yerk_v against_o it_o and_o cast_v it_o forth_o and_o to_o say_v true_a there_o be_v such_o a_o instinct_n in_o nature_n breed_v argument_n another_o answer_n to_o the_o argument_n and_o settle_v in_o those_o part_n for_o we_o may_v not_o attribute_v the_o sense_n of_o taste_v to_o the_o gullet_n or_o stomach_n because_o if_o these_o part_n have_v taste_v the_o sick_a man_n that_o take_v a_o pill_n or_o bowl_n wrap_v up_o in_o sugar_n wuold_v never_o retain_v it_o which_o if_o he_o take_v without_o sugar_n he_o present_o cast_v up_o again_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o when_o they_o be_v not_o roll_v in_o sugar_n or_o otherwise_o make_v sweet_a their_o bitter_a or_o unpleasant_a sapor_n be_v perceyve_v by_o the_o tongue_n &_o warn_v thereof_o pill_n of_o the_o swallow_a of_o pill_n give_v to_o the_o stomach_n they_o be_v retain_v be_v sweeten_v because_o that_o ill_a taste_n be_v obscure_v and_o so_o the_o tongue_n deceive_v be_v now_o arrive_v into_o the_o gullet_n or_o the_o stomach_n although_o the_o sugar_n melt_v from_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o cast_v up_o again_o because_o the_o stomach_n do_v not_o perceive_v their_o sapor_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o when_o we_o will_v let_v down_o any_o unsavoury_a thing_n into_o the_o stomach_n we_o endeavour_n not_o to_o touch_v the_o tongue_n more_o than_o of_o necessity_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v provoke_v thereby_o we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o neither_o the_o gullet_n nor_o the_o stomach_n do_v perceyve_v taste_n or_o sapour_n but_o only_o the_o tongue_n qvest._n lxiiii_o in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o taste_n be_v most_o exact_v have_v find_v out_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_v it_o remain_v in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o search_v in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o sense_n be_v most_o exact_v for_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n best_a that_o the_o backpart_n taste_v best_a there_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o persuade_v we_o that_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o tongue_n do_v taste_v better_a than_o the_o forepart_n first_o because_o at_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o almond_n be_v seat_v on_o either_o side_n which_o do_v receive_v the_o spittle_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o moisture_n wherefore_o because_o the_o spittle_n do_v help_v this_o sense_n very_o much_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o where_o there_o be_v most_o spittle_n there_o be_v best_a taste_v again_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v great_a than_o those_o which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o foreside_n yet_o aristotle_n hold_v the_o contrary_a and_o prove_v his_o part_n better_o for_o what_o can_v be_v more_o certain_a than_o experience_n if_o therefore_o we_o desire_v to_o taste_v any_o thing_n more_o curious_o we_o apply_v it_o to_o the_o tip_n of_o our_o tongue_n and_o if_o it_o fall_v towards_o the_o root_n we_o call_v it_o back_o again_o again_o when_o we_o be_v to_o swallow_v any_o thing_n who_o taste_n be_v displease_v to_o we_o we_o hasten_v it_o to_o the_o root_n of_o our_o tongue_n reason_n the_o contrary_a opinion_n aristotle_n reason_n as_o soon_o as_o we_o can_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v be_v not_o there_o so_o exquisite_a moreover_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_a that_o the_o taste_n shall_v be_v more_o perfect_a in_o the_o forepart_n because_o this_o sense_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o creature_n to_o discern_v hurtful_a taste_n and_o to_o avoid_v they_o but_o if_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o taste_n have_v be_v at_o the_o root_n that_o which_o be_v offensive_a may_v have_v slip_v down_o before_o we_o be_v aware_a whereas_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o tongue_n discern_v the_o difference_n best_o be_v also_o best_o able_a to_o free_v itself_o from_o that_o wherewith_o it_o be_v offend_v add_v hereto_o that_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v soft_a more_o spongy_a and_o better_o dispose_v to_o imbibe_n the_o humidity_n wherein_o the_o sapor_n be_v contain_v we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v not_o in_o the_o root_n but_o in_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o argument_n that_o be_v bring_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n may_v easy_o be_v answer_v argument_n answer_v to_o the_o former_a argument_n for_o because_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o moisture_n at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n therefore_o the_o best_a taste_n shall_v not_o be_v there_o for_o superfluous_a humidity_n do_v not_o quicken_v the_o taste_n but_o dull_v it_o neither_o do_v we_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o nerve_n be_v large_a at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o therefore_o the_o taste_n be_v there_o more_o perfect_a because_o in_o the_o forepart_n though_o the_o nerve_n be_v less_o yet_o they_o be_v more_o plentiful_a and_o abundant_a and_o therefore_o do_v cause_n the_o taste_n to_o be_v more_o perfect_a and_o thus_o we_o be_v come_v unto_o a_o end_n of_o these_o labyrinth_n concern_v the_o sense_n wherein_o we_o have_v be_v somewhat_o the_o more_o prolix_a that_o those_o which_o love_v the_o contemplative_a part_n of_o philosophy_n may_v have_v something_o wherewith_o to_o please_v their_o appetite_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o there_o be_v many_o passage_n in_o these_o controversy_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n we_o have_v take_v out_o of_o julius_n casserius_n placentinus_n which_o may_v well_o have_v befit_v the_o school_n themselves_o but_o we_o imagine_v that_o these_o our_o labour_n may_v happy_o fall_v into_o some_o man_n hand_n who_o will_v be_v willing_a to_o recognize_v those_o study_n which_o for_o better_a employment_n they_o have_v intermit_v a_o very_a few_o of_o which_o kind_n if_o i_o shall_v give_v contentment_n unto_o i_o will_v not_o think_v my_o labour_n ill_o bestow_v other_o man_n who_o do_v not_o understand_v they_o or_o else_o be_v better_a able_a than_o myself_o to_o satisfy_v themselves_o may_v turn_v over_o to_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v more_o fit_v for_o their_o disposition_n and_o so_o we_o will_v leave_v the_o head_n and_o sense_n and_o come_v unto_o the_o joint_n the_o end_n of_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o controversy_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o nine_o book_n wherein_o the_o joint_n be_v brief_o describe_v the_o praeface_n in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o man_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o wonderful_a than_o the_o structure_n and_o position_n of_o the_o joint_n nor_o any_o thing_n wherein_o a_o man_n do_v so_o much_o differ_v from_o all_o other_o creature_n the_o bowel_n be_v most_o what_o a_o like_a in_o all_o both_o for_o nutrition_n generation_n life_n and_o sense_n because_o all_o creature_n have_v like_o use_n of_o all_o those_o part_n as_o well_o reasonable_a as_o unreasonable_a the_o only_a thing_n which_o make_v the_o difference_n be_v the_o reasonable_a soul_n which_o be_v invisible_a a_o nature_n transcendent_a and_o above_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o body_n but_o the_o fashion_n and_o position_n of_o the_o joint_n whereby_o the_o body_n be_v lift_v up_o from_o the_o earth_n
every_o creature_n because_o he_o be_v in_o power_n in_o a_o empedoclas_n how_o man_n be_v all_o creature_n empedoclas_n manner_n all_o thing_n not_o for_o matter_n and_o substance_n as_o empedocles_n will_v have_v it_o but_o analogical_o by_o participation_n or_o reception_n of_o the_o several_a species_n or_o kind_n of_o thing_n other_o call_v he_o the_o royal_a temple_n and_o image_n of_o god_n for_o as_o in_o coin_n the_o picture_n of_o caesar_n so_o in_o man_n the_o image_n of_o god_n be_v apparent_o discern_v other_o call_v he_o the_o end_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o in_o nature_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n to_o who_o all_o sublunary_a create_v body_n and_o spirit_n be_v obedient_a yet_o he_o himself_o subject_a unto_o none_o unless_o peradventure_o one_o man_n come_v under_o the_o lee_n and_o subjection_n of_o another_o the_o kingly_a prophet_n david_n full_a of_o heavenly_a inspiration_n descipher_v the_o dignity_n of_o man_n on_o this_o manner_n thou_o have_v make_v he_o little_o low_a than_o the_o angel_n thou_o have_v 8._o psal_n 8._o crown_v he_o with_o glory_n and_o honour_n and_o give_v he_o dominion_n over_o the_o work_n of_o thy_o hand_n these_o be_v excellent_a that_o i_o may_v not_o say_v divine_a commendation_n which_o man_n have_v partly_o soul_n the_o sign_n of_o man_n honour_n refer_v partly_o to_o his_o soul_n partly_o to_o his_o body_n the_o excellency_n of_o the_o soul_n from_o his_o soul_n the_o most_o excellent_a of_o all_o form_n partly_o from_o his_o body_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n and_o exemplary_a pattern_n of_o all_o corporeal_a thing_n the_o soul_n indeed_o be_v so_o divine_a that_o raise_v and_o mount_v itself_o sometime_o above_o all_o natural_a form_n it_o comprehend_v by_o a_o admirable_a absolutely-free_a and_o imcompulsive_a power_n all_o incorporeal_a thing_n sever_v and_o divide_v from_o all_o matter_n and_o substance_n this_o soul_n if_o it_o can_v be_v discern_v with_o the_o eye_n or_o but_o conceyve_v by_o the_o mind_n how_o will_v it_o ravish_v we_o and_o lead_v we_o into_o a_o create_v the_o soul_n alone_o be_v continual_o create_v excessive_a love_n of_o itself_o only_o this_o be_v create_v not_o generate_v and_o albeit_o as_o the_o philosopher_n speak_v there_o be_v a_o subject_n suppon_v in_o her_o production_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o that_o supponed_a matter_n but_o rather_o absolu_v and_o perfect_v the_o same_o this_o only_a be_v indivisible_a for_o all_o other_o natural_a form_n receive_v augmentation_n diminution_n and_o division_n together_o with_o their_o subject_n but_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o whole_a immaterial_a it_o alone_o be_v indivisible_a immaterial_a and_o whole_o in_o every_o particular_a part_n this_o only_a be_v immaterial_a herein_o alone_o participate_v with_o the_o matter_n that_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o all_o species_n or_o kind_n even_o as_o the_o first_o matter_n admit_v all_o impression_n and_o form_n and_o yet_o the_o manner_n of_o reception_n be_v not_o alike_o in_o they_o both_o for_o that_o first_o matter_n receive_v but_o particular_a and_o individual_a form_n and_o that_o without_o understanding_n in_o the_o soul_n be_v imprint_v the_o universal_a form_n of_o thing_n and_o it_o have_v also_o understand_v to_o judge_v of_o they_o the_o matter_n admit_v those_o particular_a form_n material_o and_o withal_o obli_fw-la erate_v or_o soul_n how_o the_o reception_n of_o form_n differ_v in_o the_o first_o matter_n and_o in_o the_o soul_n blot_v out_o the_o contrary_a form_n whereof_o it_o be_v before_o possess_v the_o soul_n of_o man_n receive_v and_o entertain_v the_o general_a and_o universal_a notion_n of_o thing_n free_a from_o all_o contagion_n or_o touch_n of_o matter_n not_o abolish_n the_o contrary_n or_o diverse_a form_n whereof_o before_o it_o be_v possess_v this_o alone_a be_v incorporeal_a immortal_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o immutable_a this_o may_v be_v call_v the_o receptacle_n promptuary_n or_o store-house_n of_o all_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o thing_n angellicall_a the_o soul_n be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o species_n or_o form_n aristotle_n plato_n the_o soul_n be_v in_o the_o middle_a degree_n of_o all_o thing_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v angellicall_a aristotle_n in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la call_v it_o after_o a_o manner_n all_o thing_n because_o say_v he_o in_o a_o organ_n of_o sense_n the_o sensible_a species_n or_o image_n of_o thing_n be_v blot_v out_o and_o as_o it_o be_v drown_v but_o the_o soul_n retain_v they_o the_o platonist_n do_v range_v it_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o have_v god_n above_o it_o &_o the_o intelligence_n or_o angel_n below_o it_o all_o body_n and_o all_o quality_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v partaker_n of_o they_o both_o according_a to_o divine_n it_o approach_v very_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o angel_n by_o reason_n of_o her_o understanding_n or_o intellectual_a power_n of_o her_o original_n eternity_n image_n apprehension_n and_o beatitude_n to_o conclude_v there_o be_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n something_o metaphysical_a transcendent_a above_o nature_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n who_o groap_v but_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o be_v enwrap_v in_o a_o misty_a or_o cloudy_a veil_n of_o ignorance_n and_o be_v reveal_v only_o to_o christian_n to_o who_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n have_v shine_v for_o in_o it_o be_v a_o lively_a resemblance_n of_o the_o ineffable_a trinity_n represent_v by_o the_o three_o principal_a faculty_n memory_n understanding_n and_o simonides_n in_o the_o soul_n appear_v the_o image_n of_o the_o trinity_n simonides_n will._n but_o stay_v why_o shall_v i_o presume_v to_o describe_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o soul_n see_v it_o partake_v of_o so_o much_o divinity_n for_o of_o divine_a thing_n simonides_n have_v say_v well_o we_o can_v only_o say_v what_o they_o be_v not_o not_o what_o they_o be_v why_o shall_v i_o pain_v myself_o to_o open_v that_o shrine_n which_o nature_n herself_o have_v veil_v and_o seal_v up_o from_o our_o sense_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v profane_v therewith_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o hipocrates_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o inaspectible_a or_o invisible_a nature_n which_o can_v no_o more_o be_v describe_v by_o we_o than_o our_o eye_n be_v able_a to_o see_v itself_o these_o thing_n hipocrates_n hipocrates_n therefore_o belong_v to_o a_o high_a contemplation_n and_o require_v a_o more_o skilful_a workman_n to_o draw_v but_o the_o line_n or_o even_o to_o shadow_v they_o out_o let_v we_o content_v ourselves_o to_o handle_v that_o that_o may_v be_v handle_v or_o at_o least_o be_v subject_a unto_o some_o of_o our_o sense_n and_o so_o proceed_v to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o man_n namely_o the_o body_n which_o more_o true_o and_o proper_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o discourse_n of_o the_o dignity_n and_o wonderful_a frame_n of_o man_n body_n chap._n ii_o as_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v of_o all_o sublunary_a form_n the_o most_o noble_a so_o his_o body_n the_o house_n of_o the_o soul_n do_v so_o far_o excel_v as_o it_o may_v well_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o measure_n and_o rule_v of_o all_o other_o body_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o set_v forth_o the_o excellency_n of_o it_o but_o these_o especial_o thing_n the_o excellency_n of_o man_n body_n be_v set_v forth_o by_o four_o thing_n among_o other_o the_o frame_n and_o composition_n which_o be_v upright_o and_o mount_a towards_o heaven_n the_o moderate_a temper_n the_o equal_a and_o just_a proportion_n of_o the_o part_n and_o last_o their_o wonderful_a consent_n &_o mutual_a concord_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o law_n &_o rule_n of_o nature_n for_o so_o long_o in_o they_o we_o may_v behold_v the_o lively_a image_n of_o all_o this_o whole_a universe_n which_o we_o see_v with_o our_o eye_n as_o it_o be_v shadow_v in_o a_o glass_n or_o decipher_v in_o a_o table_n and_o first_o for_o the_o figure_n man_n only_o be_v of_o a_o upright_o frame_v and_o proportion_n whereupon_o he_o frame_n 1._o a_o upright_a frame_n be_v call_v of_o some_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d usual_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d look_v upward_o although_o plato_n in_o cratylo_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o man_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o cratylo_n plato_n in_o cratylo_n be_v contemplate_v those_o thing_n which_o he_o see_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o form_n or_o figure_n be_v mere_o philosophical_a as_o depend_v upon_o the_o efficient_a material_a and_o final_a cause_n the_o efficient_a be_v twofold_a primary_n and_o secondary_a the_o primary_n be_v the_o soul_n which_o come_v from_o without_o
watercourse_n between_o the_o navel_n and_o the_o privy_a part_n if_o the_o heart_n be_v ill_o affect_v then_o on_o the_o left_a breast_n must_v the_o remedy_n be_v apply_v he_o must_v also_o make_v his_o plaster_n or_o other_o remedy_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n that_o the_o part_n affect_v be_v of_o lest_o the_o part_n adjoin_v be_v cover_v therewithal_o ancient_n profitable_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o writing_n of_o the_o ancient_n i_o forbear_v to_o speak_v how_o profitable_a and_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o explain_n of_o the_o writing_n of_o hypocrates_n galen_n and_o all_o the_o ancient_a physician_n for_o in_o they_o there_o be_v many_o passage_n dark_a and_o obscure_a whereunto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o anatomy_n will_v give_v a_o great_a light_n and_o splendour_n and_o therefore_o in_o old_a time_n physician_n be_v wont_v to_o propound_v unto_o their_o young_a scholar_n the_o precept_n of_o anatomy_n as_o the_o first_o rudiment_n and_o principle_n of_o the_o art_n of_o physic_n and_o chirurgery_n with_o what_o method_n anatomy_n may_v be_v best_a teach_v and_o demonstrate_v chap._n ix_o see_v then_o the_o profit_n and_o necessity_n of_o anatomy_n be_v such_o and_o so_o great_a i_o will_v persuade_v all_o student_n in_o our_o art_n especial_o and_o in_o chirurgerie_n that_o they_o will_v very_o heedeful_o and_o diligent_o employ_v themselves_o in_o the_o study_n of_o the_o same_o neither_o shall_v they_o need_v to_o be_v deter_v or_o affright_v with_o the_o difficulty_n for_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a and_o feasible_a if_o it_o be_v lay_v down_o in_o a_o good_a order_n and_o method_n otherwise_o the_o most_o easy_a and_o obvious_a art_n prove_v hard_a and_o obscure_a the_o method_n therefore_o of_o learning_n and_o teach_v anatomy_n be_v on_o this_o manner_n the_o art_n of_o anatomy_n as_o i_o suppose_v may_v be_v attain_v two_o way_n by_o inspection_n which_o instruction_n anatomy_n to_o be_v attain_v two_o way_n by_o inspection_n &_o by_o instruction_n we_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o by_o instruction_n and_o both_o these_o way_n be_v very_o necessary_a if_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o art_n be_v desire_v but_o the_o first_o be_v the_o more_o certain_a the_o latter_a carry_v with_o it_o great_a grace_n and_o state_n the_o former_a may_v be_v call_v the_o way_n of_o history_n or_o the_o historical_a way_n the_o latter_a the_o way_n of_o science_n or_o the_o artificial_a way_n the_o first_o which_o be_v inspection_n be_v either_o of_o figure_n depaint_v or_o carve_v and_o print_v on_o table_n only_o or_o of_o the_o body_n themselves_o of_o man_n or_o beast_n of_o man_n only_o when_o they_o be_v dead_a of_o beast_n both_o dead_a and_o live_a for_o the_o better_a observe_v of_o the_o diverse_a and_o obscure_a motion_n of_o the_o inward_a part_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o way_n of_o doctrine_n or_o science_n be_v double_a one_o by_o the_o write_n of_o most_o famous_a and_o renown_a man_n another_o by_o the_o live_a voice_n of_o a_o teacher_n or_o instructor_n the_o inspection_n of_o figure_n some_o have_v disallow_v because_o they_o be_v bare_a shadow_n anatomy_n galen_n disallow_v picture_n of_o plant_n and_o anatomy_n which_o in_o their_o opinion_n do_v rather_o hinder_v then_o further_o young_a student_n for_o if_o galen_n will_v not_o have_v plant_n and_o herb_n paint_v or_o decipher_v no_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o describe_v but_o teach_v and_o deliver_v by_o hand_n only_o how_o will_v he_o have_v endure_v the_o delineation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o our_o body_n but_o i_o be_o not_o altogether_o of_o that_o opinion_n to_o think_v these_o picture_n vain_a and_o idle_a because_o i_o see_v every_o day_n represent_v unto_o my_o eye_n by_o these_o picture_n many_o thing_n and_o those_o oftentimes_o of_o great_a consequence_n which_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o skilful_a artist_n world_n the_o benefit_n of_o picture_n geometrician_n be_v anatomist_n of_o the_o great_a world_n of_o former_a age_n neither_o do_v the_o geometrician_n and_o geographer_n who_o be_v but_o the_o anatomist_n of_o the_o great_a world_n as_o we_o be_v of_o the_o little_a despise_v those_o demonstration_n which_o in_o card_n &_o map_n they_o receive_v one_o from_o another_o again_o it_o be_v not_o always_o or_o in_o each_o place_n easy_a to_o find_v &_o obtain_v such_o store_n of_o humane_a carcase_n and_o therefore_o that_o want_n be_v well_o supply_v by_o a_o curious_a draught_n or_o delineation_n of_o such_o observation_n as_o be_v make_v in_o true_a dissection_n by_o cunning_a artist_n that_o so_o both_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o that_o be_v present_a may_v be_v refricate_v and_o refresh_v and_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a make_v also_o partaker_n of_o their_o labour_n yet_o for_o all_o caution_n a_o caution_n this_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o trust_v too_o much_o to_o these_o silent_a shadow_n for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o make_v a_o good_a commander_n or_o a_o skilful_a pilot_n by_o any_o typical_a or_o representative_a army_n fortification_n or_o water_n card_n but_o only_o by_o practice_n and_o experience_n so_o it_o be_v a_o very_a vain_a comparison_n comparison_n thing_n to_o take_v in_o hand_n to_o learn_v anatomy_n by_o the_o bare_a inspection_n of_o figure_n without_o practice_n upon_o the_o body_n itself_o and_o because_o our_o art_n concern_v the_o cure_n not_o of_o beast_n but_o of_o man_n we_o must_v therefore_o exercise_v ourselves_o chief_o in_o the_o anatomy_n of_o the_o body_n of_o man_n and_o that_o not_o alive_a but_o dead_a i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a physician_n as_o herophilus_n and_o erasistratus_n by_o the_o licence_n of_o prince_n who_o they_o have_v possess_v with_o the_o profit_n thereof_o do_v anatomize_v alive_a who_o use_v to_o butcher_v man_n alive_a the_o body_n of_o condemn_a wretch_n even_o whilst_o they_o be_v alive_a which_o also_o in_o our_o age_n have_v be_v do_v by_o carpus_n and_o vesalius_n but_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o hold_v it_o a_o very_a frivolous_a and_o vain_a thing_n beside_o the_o horror_n and_o inhumanity_n of_o the_o fact_n which_o almost_o no_o necessity_n answer_n the_o cut_v up_o of_o man_n alive_a be_v not_o only_o inhuman_a but_o also_o of_o no_o profit_n or_o use_v objection_n answer_n can_v sufficient_o warrant_v for_o live_a dissection_n as_o we_o call_v they_o be_v then_o put_v in_o use_n when_o we_o will_v find_v out_o some_o action_n or_o use_n of_o a_o part_n which_o by_o the_o dead_a carcase_n can_v be_v discern_v now_o all_o those_o we_o may_v find_v aswell_o in_o beast_n as_o in_o men._n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n between_o the_o action_n of_o man_n and_o of_o beast_n especial_o the_o animal_n and_o that_o the_o organ_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n to_o wit_n the_o muscle_n be_v not_o alike_o in_o both_o kind_n i_o answer_v that_o for_o the_o discern_a of_o action_n that_o belong_v to_o motion_n and_o sense_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o dissection_n for_o they_o be_v almost_o all_o of_o they_o apparent_a to_o the_o sense_n only_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o hide_a and_o secret_a part_n as_o not_o be_v subject_v to_o sense_n must_v be_v seek_v out_o by_o dissection_n now_o of_o those_o hide_a motion_n that_o of_o the_o heart_n and_o artery_n the_o midriff_n the_o brain_n and_o the_o gut_n which_o be_v of_o great_a consequence_n be_v all_o one_o in_o man_n and_o in_o beast_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o anatomy_n but_o butchery_n to_o mangle_v the_o tremble_a member_n of_o man_n body_n and_o under_o i_o know_v not_o what_o slender_a and_o idle_a pretence_n of_o profit_n or_o behoof_n to_o violate_v the_o sacred_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o religion_n the_o ancient_a physician_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o cut_v up_o dead_a carcase_n of_o man_n as_o we_o now_o use_v disection_n but_o it_o be_v hold_v a_o very_a impious_a &_o profane_a thing_n how_o abominable_a then_o be_v it_o &_o savour_v of_o cannibal_n barbarism_n because_o we_o will_v make_v a_o near_o cut_v to_o our_o understanding_n by_o our_o eye_n then_o by_o the_o discourse_n and_o labour_n of_o our_o mind_n to_o gather_v knowledge_n by_o the_o dissection_n or_o rather_o butchery_n of_o live_a man_n if_o there_o be_v any_o use_n of_o it_o as_o we_o have_v show_v that_o there_o be_v none_o let_v we_o therefore_o content_v ourselves_o and_o give_v due_a thanks_o unto_o our_o state_n by_o who_o law_n we_o be_v allow_v dead_a body_n for_o dissection_n every_o year_n a_o competent_a number_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o where_o want_n of_o such_o we_o may_v have_v resort_n to_o the_o body_n of_o beast_n and_o make_v dissection_n of_o they_o both_o alive_a and_o dead_a alive_o more_o spare_o albeit_o by_o anatomy_n of_o live_a body_n
mitigation_n it_o gather_v still_o to_o the_o centre_n afterward_o nature_n have_v get_v the_o victory_n she_o drive_v it_o as_o far_o from_o she_o as_o be_v possible_a even_o to_o the_o skin_n as_o we_o see_v it_o fall_v out_o in_o critical_a sweat_n in_o the_o meazel_v small_a pock_n and_o such_o like_a now_o if_o the_o putrid_a excrement_n have_v no_o disposition_n to_o the_o circunference_n in_o live_a body_n when_o the_o secret_a passage_n of_o the_o body_n be_v open_a the_o skin_n porous_a &_o the_o faculty_n every_o where_o at_o work_n how_o shall_v it_o pass_v that_o way_n after_o those_o passage_n and_o pore_n be_v fall_v the_o habit_n forsake_v of_o the_o spirit_n &_o the_o transpirable_a way_n lock_v up_o under_o the_o seal_n of_o death_n it_o seem_v therefore_o more_o reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o hair_n which_o be_v add_v after_o death_n be_v a_o surplusage_n of_o the_o last_o concoction_n celebrate_v in_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n and_o remain_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o determine_v in_o the_o skin_n which_o be_v in_o that_o place_n intercept_v by_o the_o extinction_n of_o natural_a heat_n and_o have_v no_o spirit_n to_o guide_v it_o backward_o yet_o have_v before_o attain_v the_o perfection_n which_o the_o faculty_n can_v impart_v unto_o it_o work_v itself_o a_o way_n through_o the_o skin_n but_o this_o knot_n will_v easy_o be_v untie_v if_o we_o consider_v that_o after_o death_n the_o answer_n answer_n hair_n do_v not_o grow_v or_o increase_v in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o body_n but_o only_o in_o such_o as_o wherein_o there_o be_v hair_n stand_v in_o the_o time_n of_o life_n to_o the_o root_n whereof_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o heat_n proceed_v from_o putrefaction_n be_v sufficient_a to_o drive_v though_o not_o any_o humour_n yet_o a_o vapour_n which_o may_v pass_v where_o the_o way_n be_v before_o thrill_v and_o bore_v but_o can_v where_n the_o skin_n be_v not_o notable_o perforate_v again_o there_o be_v a_o double_a limit_n beyond_o which_o the_o excrescence_n of_o the_o hair_n do_v not_o proceed_v for_o if_o either_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o vapour_n to_o those_o pore_n make_v a_o damp_n as_o in_o process_n of_o time_n it_o will_v or_o the_o putrefaction_n of_o the_o vapour_n grow_v to_o a_o venom_n than_o the_o hair_n cease_v to_o increase_v but_o fall_v not_o so_o soon_o in_o dead_a carcase_n as_o in_o live_a man_n because_o the_o air_n exiccate_v and_o dry_v the_o skin_n wherein_o the_o root_n be_v fasten_v but_o in_o those_o that_o be_v alive_a who_o skin_n be_v open_a they_o fall_v not_o upon_o a_o damp_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o a_o live_a body_n but_o upon_o a_o confluence_n of_o a_o venomous_a vapour_n as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o french_a disease_n and_o the_o leprosy_n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o hair_n whether_o the_o skin_n be_v the_o organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o touch_v qvest._n ii_o the_o philosopher_n and_o physician_n strive_v about_o the_o instrument_n of_o argument_n the_o peripatecian_o argument_n touch_v aristotle_n and_o alexander_n call_v flesh_n sometime_o the_o medium_n or_o mean_a through_o which_o we_o feel_v sometime_o the_o organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o feel_v itself_o but_o never_o the_o skin_n first_o because_o the_o skin_n be_v of_o itself_o insensible_a and_o sensible_a only_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o flesh_n for_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n which_o be_v without_o flesh_n say_v they_o be_v insensible_a second_o because_o flesh_n bare_v or_o expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v more_o painful_a than_o the_o skin_n three_o because_o there_o be_v a_o more_o exquisite_a and_o discern_a sense_n in_o the_o flesh_n then_o in_o the_o skin_n for_o that_o jeweller_n and_o lapidary_n do_v more_o accurate_o discern_v the_o difference_n of_o roughness_n and_o smoothness_n and_o such_o touchable_a quality_n by_o the_o tongue_n then_o by_o the_o hand_n and_o be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v between_o natural_a and_o fictitious_a precious_a stone_n only_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o the_o tongue_n last_o because_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o axiom_n a_o axiom_n philosophy_n that_o the_o sensible_a subject_n be_v place_v immediate_o upon_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n be_v not_o sensible_a but_o such_o sensible_a subject_n place_v immediate_o upon_o the_o skin_n be_v feel_v therefore_o the_o skin_n be_v not_o the_o instrument_n of_o touch_v to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v the_o authority_n of_o avicen_n who_o write_v that_o the_o skin_n feel_v not_o 1._o avicen_n fen._n 1._o cap._n doctr._fw-la 4._o cap._n 1._o equal_a body_n or_o object_n if_o it_o feel_v not_o equal_a object_n then_o be_v it_o not_o the_o proper_a organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o touch_v because_o every_o instrument_n of_o sense_n which_o the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d apprehende_v both_o extreme_a &_o also_o middle_a object_n so_o the_o eye_n see_v both_o the_o extreme_a colour_n which_o be_v black_a and_o white_a and_o also_o all_o middle_a colour_n make_v of_o their_o mixture_n whether_o they_o contain_v less_o or_o more_o of_o either_o of_o the_o extreme_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o physician_n affirm_v skin_n the_o physician_n opinion_n their_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o skin_n the_o skin_n to_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o touch_v which_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o probable_a and_o likely_a opinion_n whether_o we_o consider_v the_o temper_n the_o structure_n or_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o skin_n for_o the_o temper_n the_o skin_n be_v the_o most_o temperate_a of_o all_o the_o part_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o extreme_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o canon_n or_o rule_n of_o they_o all_o and_o therefore_o can_v give_v a_o more_o perfect_a judgement_n of_o the_o tactible_a quality_n aristotle_n have_v determine_v that_o every_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o instrument_n of_o sense_n shall_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yellow_a 2._o the_o animal_n why_o jaundy_n eye_n think_v all_o thing_n yellow_a that_o be_v devoyde_a of_o all_o quality_n whereby_o that_o sense_n be_v affect_v so_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n which_o receive_v the_o image_n and_o spectre_n of_o visible_a thing_n be_v devoide_a of_o all_o colour_n the_o yellow_a eye_n of_o those_o that_o be_v full_a of_o the_o jaundice_n imagine_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v yellow_a if_o the_o tongue_n be_v moisten_a with_o choler_n all_o thing_n though_o sweet_a have_v a_o bitter_a tange_fw-la in_o the_o nose_n there_o be_v no_o particular_a and_o peculiar_a send_v no_o sound_n natural_o reside_v in_o the_o ear_n right_o so_o the_o skin_n which_o have_v no_o excess_n of_o quality_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o touch_v if_o we_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o the_o skin_n there_o be_v more_o nerve_n disseminated_a into_o it_o then_o into_o the_o flesh_n but_o the_o nerve_n be_v the_o common_a convayer_n of_o all_o sensible_a spirit_n which_o they_o continual_o minister_v unto_o the_o sense_n whereby_o their_o operation_n be_v perpetuate_v and_o for_o skin_n the_o structure_n of_o the_o skin_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o skin_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o skin_n it_o be_v much_o more_o commodious_a than_o that_o of_o the_o flesh_n because_o it_o be_v near_o to_o the_o occursation_n or_o confluence_n of_o outward_a object_n because_o it_o be_v the_o limit_n and_o border_n as_o it_o be_v of_o all_o the_o part_n the_o skin_n therefore_o be_v rather_o the_o instrument_n or_o organ_n of_o touch_v then_o the_o flesh_n as_o for_o the_o forename_a objection_n of_o the_o peripatecian_o they_o be_v easy_o first_o answer_n to_o the_o peripatecian_o argument_n the_o first_o answer_v for_o first_o we_o deny_v that_o the_o skin_n feel_v by_o help_n of_o the_o flesh_n i_o instance_n thus_o cut_v a_o nerve_n which_o end_v into_o the_o flesh_n present_o the_o motion_n will_v cease_v but_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o skin_n will_v remain_v but_o if_o a_o nerve_n be_v cut_v which_o pass_v unto_o the_o skin_n present_o the_o sense_n itself_o will_v be_v abolish_v again_o true_a it_o be_v that_o flesh_n when_o it_o be_v bare_v be_v more_o sensible_a and_o second_o the_o second_o painful_a than_o the_o skin_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o be_v because_o it_o be_v loose_a and_o less_o accustom_v to_o outward_a injury_n of_o the_o air_n or_o aught_o else_o whereas_o the_o skin_n be_v so_o accustom_a to_o the_o air_n that_o it_o feel_v it_o not_o so_o the_o tooth_n be_v usual_o oppose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v not_o affect_v therewith_o but_o other_o bone_n if_o they_o be_v bare_v do_v present_o putrify_v to_o proceed_v the_o tongue_n have_v a_o more_o exquisite_a apprehension_n of_o the_o coldness_n and_o inequality_n of_o precious_a stone_n
natural_a instinct_n before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o liver_n as_o galen_n teach_v haply_o that_o the_o 12._o gal._n 4._o usu_fw-la part_n 12._o membrane_n of_o the_o stomach_n may_v with_o it_o be_v nourish_v or_o if_o thou_o have_v rather_o say_v that_o these_o vein_n do_v carry_v the_o chylus_n they_o have_v suck_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o meseraicke_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o port_n vein_n that_o be_v disseminated_a through_o the_o liver_n that_o there_o it_o may_v be_v turn_v into_o blood_n from_o these_o vein_n come_v those_o sudden_a refection_n of_o the_o spirit_n by_o sweet_a potion_n a_o good_a note_n of_o the_o sudden_a refection_n which_o come_v from_o wine_n &_o cordial_a potion_n and_o strong_a wine_n broth_n and_o cordial_n which_o refection_n will_v not_o so_o soon_o follow_v unless_o the_o liver_n do_v suck_v nourishment_n by_o they_o out_o of_o the_o stomach_n that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o vas_fw-la breve_fw-la or_o short_a vein_n which_o from_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o spleen_n be_v by_o a_o unite_a passage_n of_o many_o branch_n carry_v into_o his_o bottom_n do_v there_o belch_v out_o a_o sour_a and_o sharp_a blood_n sometime_o to_o the_o upper_a mouth_n to_o stir_v up_o appetite_n which_o yet_o proper_o be_v provoke_v by_o sense_n of_o want_n and_o to_o strengthen_v it_o by_o his_o adstringent_fw-la virtue_n it_o have_v artery_n from_o the_o coeliacall_a branch_n of_o the_o aorta_n table_n 10._o figure_n 1_o 2._o a_o b_o d_o f_o or_o stomach_n the_o artery_n of_o the_o stomach_n great_a artery_n which_o do_v accompany_v every_o one_o of_o the_o vein_n except_v the_o less_o gastricke_n table_n 10._o figure_n 2._o c_o to_o afford_v strength_n of_o life_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o putrefaction_n by_o ventilation_n to_o cherish_v refresh_v and_o increase_v his_o natural_a heat_n with_o their_o heat_n and_o vital_a spirit_n that_o so_o concoction_n may_v be_v make_v more_o perfect_a but_o of_o these_o branch_n more_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o coeliacall_a artery_n it_o have_v very_o conspicuous_a and_o notable_a nerve_n from_o the_o sixth_o pair_n which_o at_o his_o orificies_n or_o nerve_n the_o nerve_n mouth_n be_v double_a tab_v 10._o figure_n 1_o 2._o t_o v_n disseminated_a from_o those_o branch_n which_o make_v the_o recurrent_a nerve_n and_o yield_v certain_a tendrille_n to_o the_o lung_n and_o the_o pericardium_n or_o purse_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o tendril_n because_o of_o their_o softness_n and_o the_o length_n of_o their_o way_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o strong_a membrane_n and_o do_v run_v cross_v one_o another_o that_o for_o great_a security_n they_o may_v pass_v oblique_o or_o side-long_a and_o pierce_v through_o the_o diaphragma_n or_o midriff_n be_v on_o both_o side_n double_o divide_v so_o that_o the_o left_a compass_v the_o table_n 10._o fig._n 1_o 2._o t_o five_o x_o y_fw-fr right_o and_o back_o part_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o the_o right_a the_o left_a and_o forepart_n which_o orifice_n they_o do_v so_o involve_v that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v make_v altogether_o of_o sinew_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o which_o it_o have_v most_o exquisite_a sense_n to_o stir_v up_o and_o awake_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o want_n of_o nourishment_n which_o sense_n arise_v from_o suction_n for_o there_o be_v the_o seat_n hunger_n the_o cause_n of_o hunger_n of_o the_o appetite_n &_o to_o this_o only_a part_n have_v nature_n give_v the_o sense_n of_o want_n or_o of_o animal_n hunger_n for_o even_o we_o feel_v that_o part_n especial_o to_o be_v contract_v when_o we_o be_v extreme_o hungry_a appetite_n the_o seat_n of_o appetite_n for_o if_o we_o shall_v not_o feel_v a_o kind_n of_o molestation_n upon_o the_o utter_a and_o absolute_a exsuction_n of_o our_o nourishment_n till_o there_o be_v a_o supply_n make_v we_o shall_v by_o degree_n be_v extinguish_v &_o affamished_a before_o we_o be_v aware_a for_o our_o substance_n be_v in_o perpetual_a waste_n and_o decay_n the_o inbred_a heat_n continual_o feed_v upon_o the_o radical_a moisture_n but_o now_o it_o be_v otherwise_o because_o the_o natural_a hunger_n that_o be_v settle_v in_o every_o particular_a part_n have_v with_o it_o adjoin_v part_n the_o appetite_n of_o every_o particular_a part_n a_o sense_n of_o discontent_n which_o be_v only_o appease_v by_o assimulation_n of_o fresh_a nourishment_n these_o branch_n of_o nerve_n go_v downward_o make_v his_o membrane_n which_o be_v only_o membranous_a before_o to_o become_v nervous_a be_v disseminated_a even_o to_o his_o bottom_n these_o do_v also_o impart_v the_o nourish_a force_n or_o faculty_n to_o the_o fleshy_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o stomach_n from_o the_o left_a nerve_n there_o run_v a_o branch_n along_o the_o uppermost_a seat_n of_o the_o stomach_n to_o the_o pylorus_a which_o when_o it_o have_v fold_v with_o a_o few_o small_a surcle_n it_o go_v thence_o to_o the_o hollow_a of_o the_o liver_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stomach_n do_v other_o two_o nerve_n attain_v from_o the_o sixth_o cast_v why_o the_o brain_n be_v strike_v the_o patient_a cast_v pair_n also_o to_o wit_n from_o the_o propagation_n lead_v by_o the_o root_n of_o the_o rib_n sometime_o to_o the_o left_a side_n there_o be_v offer_v nerve_n arise_v from_o the_o sinew_n which_o run_v unto_o the_o spleen_n wherefore_o see_v the_o stomach_n have_v obtain_v so_o many_o sinew_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o when_o the_o brain_n be_v strike_v or_o affect_v the_o stomach_n also_o be_v disturb_v and_o vomit_n cause_v especial_o in_o the_o hemicrania_n or_o meigrame_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o the_o stomach_n be_v affect_v than_o the_o animal_n faculty_n languish_v and_o melancholy_a symptom_n do_v happen_v so_o that_o one_o of_o they_o suffer_v the_o other_o have_v ever_o a_o compassion_n not_o as_o most_o man_n have_v of_o other_o misery_n but_o indeed_o a_o real_a fellow_n feel_v furthermore_o there_o attain_v to_o this_o bottom_n of_o the_o stomach_n sometime_o a_o vessel_n or_o stomach_n vessel_n from_o the_o bladder_n of_o gall_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stomach_n entrance_n of_o many_o vessel_n from_o the_o bladder_n of_o gall_n carry_v choler_n thither_o and_o cause_v perpetual_a cast_v a_o family_n of_o such_o man_n be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o spire_n in_o germany_n all_o of_o which_o family_n every_o three_o day_n vomit_v up_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o choler_n &_o they_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v caster_n of_o choler_n upward_o the_o use_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v to_o receive_v meat_n chew_v with_o the_o tooth_n and_o drink_v alter_v stomach_n the_o use_n of_o the_o stomach_n in_o the_o mouth_n through_o the_o gullet_n and_o the_o same_o to_o retain_v till_o it_o have_v contract_v itself_o and_o embrace_v they_o by_o close_v both_o his_o orificies_n and_o then_o his_o natural_a inbredde_a faculty_n and_o proper_a heat_n boil_v and_o convert_v the_o better_a part_n of_o the_o aliment_n into_o white_a cream_n which_o we_o call_v chylus_n that_o be_v a_o substance_n dispose_v to_o be_v convert_v into_o blood_n for_o the_o galen_n galen_n proper_a action_n of_o the_o stomach_n say_v galen_n 5._o usu_fw-la partium_fw-la 4._o be_v concoction_n it_o be_v the_o organ_n or_o instrument_n of_o the_o first_o concoction_n or_o the_o shop_n and_o forge_n of_o chilification_n moreover_o because_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v membranous_a and_o therefore_o not_o so_o hot_a his_o ingenit_fw-la heat_n be_v increase_v yea_o double_v by_o the_o adjacent_a part_n as_o the_o liver_n the_o concoction_n what_o part_n assist_v the_o stomach_n concoction_n midriff_n the_o spleen_n the_o kell_n the_o colic_n gut_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n and_o the_o great_a artery_n the_o sweetbread_n but_o especial_o the_o coeliacall_a artery_n compass_v it_o about_o almost_o on_o every_o side_n yield_v most_o immediate_a assistance_n for_o the_o narrow_a side_n of_o the_o stomach_n towards_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n hide_v under_o the_o liver_n the_o left_a lie_v close_o to_o the_o spleen_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v all_o as_o so_o many_o coal_n set_v together_o under_o a_o vessel_n to_o make_v it_o boil_v after_o the_o aliment_n be_v concoct_v the_o pylorus_a or_o low_a mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v loosen_v and_o the_o chylus_n thrust_v down_o into_o the_o duodenum_fw-la from_o thence_o to_o supply_v aliment_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o stomach_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n or_o gullet_n chap._n x._o now_o although_o the_o oesophagus_n or_o gullet_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o situate_v place_n the_o reason_n why_o we_o discourse_n of_o the_o gullet_n in_o this_o place_n in_o the_o chest_n or_o second_o region_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v continue_v with_o
or_o concoct_v whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o fibres_fw-fr as_o it_o be_v the_o reins_n of_o the_o stomach_n be_v loosen_v they_o be_v overtake_v with_o manifold_a vomit_n and_o frequent_a deiection_n those_o thing_n which_o they_o object_n concern_v styptic_a medicine_n which_o coroborate_v the_o gut_n and_o stay_v the_o flux_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v but_o of_o small_a moment_n for_o we_o do_v not_o therefore_o apply_v they_o to_o strengthen_v the_o retention_n of_o the_o gut_n which_o be_v none_o at_o all_o but_o to_o bind_v or_o contract_v the_o vein_n of_o the_o mesenterie_n which_o be_v disperse_v in_o infinite_a branch_n through_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o gut_n and_o do_v empty_a into_o they_o malignant_a and_o superfluous_a humour_n or_o else_o to_o thicken_v refrigerate_v or_o appease_v those_o râ—ging_a humour_n which_o in_o substance_n be_v very_o thin_a flux_n the_o use_n of_o styptic_a medicine_n in_o flux_n in_o their_o temper_n very_o hot_a and_o in_o their_o quality_n very_o sharp_a and_o corode_a that_o so_o they_o may_v become_v more_o unapt_a to_o move_v with_o such_o violence_n and_o force_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a and_o what_o i_o pray_v you_o be_v more_o absurd_a then_o to_o refer_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o astriction_n of_o the_o belly_n to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o retain_v virtue_n let_v they_o rather_o harken_v to_o galen_n who_o in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o symptom_n elegant_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o slow_a dejection_n sometime_o to_o costivenes_n galen_n the_o true_a cause_n of_o costivenes_n the_o weakness_n of_o the_o expulsive_a power_n sometime_o to_o the_o dull_a sense_n of_o the_o gut_n sometime_o to_o the_o thickness_n styptic_a or_o bind_v nature_n and_o small_a quantity_n of_o that_o which_o be_v eat_v sometime_o to_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la who_o have_v a_o great_a hand_n &_o bear_v a_o great_a part_n in_o the_o avoid_n of_o the_o excrement_n but_o concern_v the_o retentive_a power_n of_o the_o gut_n he_o add_v not_o a_o word_n neither_o make_v mention_n thereof_o last_o whereas_o they_o obtrude_v unto_o we_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o retention_n of_o the_o chylus_n and_o the_o excrement_n we_o admit_v be_v very_o willing_o but_o do_v not_o ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o retentive_a faculty_n of_o the_o gut_n for_o towards_o the_o retain_v of_o the_o chylus_n the_o wisdom_n and_o providence_n of_o nature_n have_v provide_v the_o manifold_a bought_n doubling_n and_o convolution_n or_o writhen_a complication_n gut_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o convolution_n of_o the_o gut_n of_o the_o gut_n so_o that_o in_o so_o long_a a_o journey_n and_o intricate_a a_o passage_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o almost_o any_o part_n of_o the_o aliment_n shall_v arrive_v at_o the_o port_n esquiline_n which_o before_o be_v not_o meet_v withal_o by_o the_o suck_a mouth_n of_o the_o almost_o infinite_a vein_n of_o the_o mesenterie_n and_o for_o the_o retention_n of_o the_o excrement_n it_o be_v not_o a_o natural_a but_o a_o animal_n action_n because_o it_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o muscle_n to_o wit_n the_o sphincter_n which_o do_v constringe_v or_o gather_v together_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o right_a gut_n that_o the_o excrement_n may_v not_o be_v avoid_v without_o the_o commandment_n of_o reason_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n it_o be_v therefore_o hence_o manifest_a conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n that_o the_o gut_n have_v no_o natural_a power_n to_o retain_v the_o chylus_n or_o the_o excrement_n qvest._n iii_o whether_o the_o gut_n have_v any_o concoct_v faculty_n that_o in_o every_o concoction_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n necessary_o require_v a_o preparation_n the_o concoction_n or_o boil_v itself_o and_o a_o perfection_n after_o it_o galen_n be_v a_o plentiful_a witness_n so_o the_o preparation_n of_o the_o first_o concoction_n be_v in_o the_o concoction_n three_o thing_n require_v in_o all_o concoction_n mouth_n the_o coction_n itself_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o the_o absolution_n or_o perfection_n in_o the_o small_a gut_n the_o preparation_n to_o the_o second_o concoction_n be_v make_v in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o mesenterie_n the_o coction_n itself_o in_o the_o parenchyma_fw-la of_o the_o liver_n and_o the_o absolution_n or_o perfection_n in_o the_o great_a vessel_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o seed_n attein_v a_o kind_n of_o rudement_n in_o the_o prepare_v vessel_n but_o his_o idea_n or_o form_n in_o the_o testicle_n and_o his_o perfection_n in_o the_o parastatae_fw-la the_o animal_n spirit_n have_v a_o delineation_n in_o the_o wondrous_a net_n or_o web_n of_o artery_n his_o form_n in_o the_o middle_a ventricle_n his_o absolution_n in_o the_o latter_a ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n so_o that_o in_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n these_o manifold_a degree_n of_o operation_n do_v every_o where_fw-mi appear_v this_o concoction_n of_o spirit_n or_o of_o alement_n whether_o it_o be_v private_a or_o official_a be_v perform_v without_o the_o help_n of_o fibre_n only_o by_o the_o assistance_n and_o inbred_a propriety_n of_o our_o natural_a heat_n and_o therefore_o by_o galen_n it_o be_v call_v alteration_n and_o by_o he_o not_o deny_v unto_o the_o facult_a galen_n 4._o de_fw-la usu_fw-la part_n &_o 3_o denatu_fw-la facult_a gut_n for_o so_o he_o write_v in_o his_o four_o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n the_o gut_n though_o they_o be_v not_o ordain_v to_o concoct_v the_o chylus_n but_o only_o to_o contain_v and_o distribute_v it_o yet_o because_o nature_n be_v never_o idle_a it_o attain_v in_o the_o passage_n through_o they_o a_o more_o perfect_a elaboration_n even_o as_o in_o the_o great_a vessel_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a faculty_n of_o perfect_v the_o blood_n which_o be_v before_o make_v in_o the_o liver_n and_o this_o opinion_n of_o galens_n do_v areteus_fw-la and_o auerrhoe_n follow_v which_o also_o be_v second_v 15._o aret._n lib._n 1_o decausis_fw-la et_fw-la signis_fw-la chronic_a morb_n cap._n 15._o cond_v by_o good_a reason_n for_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o gut_n and_o the_o stomach_n be_v all_o one_o whether_o you_o regard_v the_o temper_n or_o the_o colour_n or_o the_o frame_n and_o texture_n of_o their_o coat_n wherefore_o the_o chylus_n be_v concoct_v in_o the_o stomach_n and_o there_o attain_v the_o species_n and_o form_n of_o chylus_n but_o as_o it_o stay_v in_o the_o convolution_n of_o the_o gut_n and_o the_o rugged_a fold_n of_o their_o inmost_a coat_n it_o acquire_v also_o a_o further_a alteration_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o there_o be_v a_o new_a paradox_n maintain_v by_o some_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o gut_n paradox_n a_o paradox_n have_v more_o power_n to_o concoct_v the_o chylus_n then_o the_o stomach_n and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o concoction_n the_o pylorus_a be_v not_o shut_v but_o that_o the_o aliment_n not_o yet_o thorough_o boil_a fall_v through_o the_o stomach_n into_o the_o gut_n and_o they_o instance_n in_o wound_n of_o the_o hypochondria_n &_o small_a gut_n whence_o say_v they_o do_v issue_v a_o chylus_n not_o yet_o perfect_o concoct_v &_o therefore_o it_o have_v not_o his_o form_n or_o perfection_n in_o the_o stomach_n furthermore_o in_o exomphalosi_n or_o the_o rapture_n of_o the_o navel_n the_o meat_n pass_v forth_o not_o perfect_o labour_v and_o in_o the_o height_n of_o summer_n when_o we_o drink_v small_a drink_n we_o do_v instant_o answer_n objection_n exomphalosis_n answer_n feel_v the_o cold_a in_o our_o gut_n we_o answer_v that_o they_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o in_o the_o case_n instance_a the_o gut_n be_v ill_o affect_v and_o the_o stomach_n out_o of_o hand_n draw_v into_o consent_n with_o they_o as_o well_o because_o of_o their_o communion_n and_o similitude_n of_o substance_n as_o also_o because_o of_o their_o vicinity_n for_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n of_o humour_n have_v this_o golden_a say_n those_o part_n which_o be_v near_o neighbour_n or_o have_v community_n of_o substance_n be_v at_o the_o first_o hand_n and_o very_o notable_o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n affect_v it_o be_v therefore_o no_o wonder_n that_o crude_a or_o inconcoct_v and_o liquid_a aliment_n shall_v flow_v from_o a_o wound_a gut_n i_o confess_v that_o liquid_a thing_n do_v sudden_o fall_v downward_o so_o also_o be_v their_o alteration_n so_o deign_v and_o quick_a but_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o meat_n devour_v by_o raven-stomacke_n and_o trencher-friend_n can_v be_v contain_v in_o objection_n objection_n the_o stomach_n alone_o see_v hypocrates_n say_v that_o the_o amplitude_n thereof_o exceed_v not_o five_o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n handful_n but_o they_o must_v know_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o be_v membranous_a and_o be_v easy_o distend_v into_o all_o dimension_n beside_o these_o great_a gourmandizer_n do_v not_o perfect_o concoct_v the_o answer_n answer_n
the_o controversy_n of_o the_o four_o book_n the_o five_o book_n wherein_o the_o history_n of_o the_o infant_n be_v acurate_o describe_v as_o also_o the_o principle_n of_o generation_n the_o conception_n the_o conformation_n the_o nourishment_n the_o life_n the_o motion_n and_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o infant_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o hypocrates_n the_o praeface_n find_v this_o follow_a discourse_n of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o infant_n in_o laurentius_n immediate_o follow_v his_o history_n of_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n and_o consider_v that_o it_o contain_v many_o thing_n not_o only_o profitable_a but_o pleasant_a also_o i_o think_v good_a gentle_a reader_n to_o make_v thou_o partaker_n thereof_o and_o the_o rather_o i_o here_o to_o persuade_v myself_o because_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n i_o conceive_v that_o myself_o also_o in_o this_o my_o conception_n shall_v find_v pleasure_n but_o it_o happen_v all_o otherwise_o with_o i_o than_o it_o be_v in_o natural_a generation_n where_o the_o infant_n be_v beget_v in_o pleasure_n though_o bring_v forth_o in_o pain_n for_o this_o i_o assure_v thou_o be_v beget_v with_o much_o pain_n &_o travail_n and_o if_o thy_o gentle_a hand_n help_v not_o in_o the_o birth_n that_o also_o will_v be_v very_o irksome_a i_o know_v i_o shall_v be_v tax_v by_o some_o for_o hang_v too_o long_o in_o this_o argument_n but_o i_o also_o know_v that_o all_o the_o authority_n blame_n have_v be_v from_o the_o author_n thereof_o the_o subject_n of_o our_o present_a discourse_n be_v the_o history_n of_o the_o infant_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o his_o generation_n his_o conception_n conformation_n nourishment_n life_n motion_n and_o birth_n very_o a_o knotty_a &_o snarl_a skaine_n to_o unreele_v a_o thicket_n wherein_o he_o that_o haste_v with_o bold_a rashness_n follow_v the_o argument_n of_o the_o book_n follow_v and_o temerity_n shall_v offend_v &_o stumble_v at_o every_o step_n he_o that_o be_v diligent_a shall_v entangle_v himself_o and_o he_o that_o be_v guide_v by_o blind_a ignorance_n shall_v light_v upon_o pit_n and_o bog_n so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n that_o enter_v into_o these_o list_n fair_o to_o acquit_v himself_o the_o further_a he_o wade_v in_o this_o river_n the_o great_a confluence_n of_o water_n will_v overtake_v he_o the_o deep_a must_v he_o sound_v if_o he_o will_v find_v the_o bottom_n we_o begin_v with_o the_o seed_n which_o be_v like_o the_o chaos_n upon_o which_o as_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n move_v whilst_o it_o be_v without_o form_n first_o to_o preserve_v it_o &_o after_o to_o distinguish_v it_o so_o it_o be_v in_o this_o mass_n seed_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o infant_n production_n outof_o the_o seed_n of_o seed_n the_o formative_a spirit_n brood_v it_o first_o after_o as_o a_o spider_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o her_o lawnie_a canopy_n with_o admirable_a skill_n weave_v her_o cypress_n web_n first_o hang_v it_o by_o slender_a tie_n to_o the_o roose_n and_o after_o knit_v she_o enter_v braid_v yarn_n into_o a_o curious_a net_n so_o the_o spirit_n first_o fasten_v the_o seed_n to_o the_o womb_n with_o membrane_n and_o ligament_n after_o distinguish_v it_o into_o certain_a spermaticall_a thread_n which_o we_o call_v stamina_fw-la corporis_fw-la the_o warp_n of_o the_o body_n to_o these_o when_o the_o second_o principle_n which_o be_v the_o mother_n blood_n accru_v it_o fill_v up_o their_o void_a distance_n and_o so_o amass_v they_o into_o a_o solid_a body_n which_o every_o day_n be_v nourish_v and_o increase_v into_o all_o dimension_n furnish_v also_o with_o motion_n sense_n and_o final_o with_o a_o reasonable_a soul_n then_o as_o impatient_a of_o so_o close_a imprisonment_n as_o unsatisfied_a with_o so_o slender_a allowance_n it_o instant_o strive_v till_o this_o little_a world_n arrive_v into_o the_o great_a after_o we_o have_v thus_o perfect_v the_o history_n we_o descend_v unto_o the_o many_o and_o busy_a controversy_n depend_v thereupon_o these_o concern_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o sex_n the_o nature_n of_o book_n the_o controversy_n contain_v in_o this_o book_n the_o seed_n with_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o excretion_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o mother_n blood_n the_o accident_n happen_v unto_o we_o therefrom_o with_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o monthly_a evacuation_n of_o the_o same_o the_o manner_n of_o conception_n as_o well_o lawful_a both_o simple_a double_a &_o manifold_a as_o illegitimate_a and_o monstrous_a the_o order_n and_o time_n of_o conformation_n not_o only_o of_o the_o infant_n itself_o but_o also_o of_o the_o membrane_n and_o vessel_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v the_o similitude_n of_o the_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n the_o admirable_a effect_n of_o the_o imagination_n the_o cause_n of_o superfoetation_n the_o manner_n &_o matter_n of_o the_o infant_n norishment_n the_o admirable_a union_n and_o communion_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n how_o he_o breathe_v by_o transpiration_n not_o by_o respiration_n the_o work_n of_o his_o vital_a &_o animal_n spirit_n his_o situation_n or_o position_n in_o the_o womb_n and_o final_o the_o nature_n difference_n time_n and_o cause_n of_o his_o birth_n together_o with_o the_o consequence_n thereof_o all_o these_o with_o many_o more_o fall_v in_o with_o our_o disputation_n we_o here_o exhibit_v for_o their_o satisfaction_n who_o they_o may_v concern_v &_o who_o be_v more_o desirous_a to_o know_v they_o then_o able_a of_o themselves_o to_o attain_v thereto_o chap._n i._n what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a towards_o a_o perfect_a generation_n the_o propagation_n of_o kind_n as_o it_o be_v make_v in_o the_o element_n by_o transmutation_n and_o in_o metal_n by_o apposition_n so_o it_o be_v in_o creature_n by_o generation_n but_o of_o generation_n there_o be_v diverse_a manner_n diverse_a the_o propagation_n of_o kind_n diverse_a for_o some_o creature_n engender_v without_o coition_n only_o by_o affrication_n other_o quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n by_o a_o reception_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o female_a some_o female_n also_o do_v engender_v within_o themselves_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o male_a there_o be_v also_o some_o creature_n which_o be_v engender_v only_o by_o putrefaction_n without_o either_o male_a or_o female_a other_o be_v sometime_o breed_v out_o of_o putrefaction_n otherwhiles_a out_o of_o seed_n but_o all_o these_o kind_n of_o generation_n be_v maim_v and_o imperfect_a and_o therefore_o the_o animalia_fw-la insecta_fw-la animalia_fw-la creature_n so_o procreate_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unbloodye_n and_o insectile_a creature_n of_o which_o a_o man_n of_o worthy_a memory_n among_o we_o d._n muffet_n have_v write_v a_o learned_a and_o muffet_n d._n muffet_n curious_a discourse_n which_o happy_o time_n may_v communicate_v unto_o the_o world_n the_o generation_n of_o man_n and_o of_o the_o perfect_a creature_n be_v far_o more_o noble_a as_o whereto_o three_o thing_n be_v always_o require_v a_o diversity_n or_o distinction_n of_o sex_n their_o mutual_a embracement_n and_o copulation_n generation_n three_o thing_n require_v to_o perfect_a generation_n and_o a_o permixtion_n of_o a_o certain_a matter_n yssue_v from_o they_o both_o which_o potential_o contain_v the_o idea_n or_o form_n of_o the_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o fatal_a destiny_n of_o the_o same_o &_o this_o the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o distinction_n of_o the_o sex_n be_v especial_o necessary_a because_o generation_n be_v not_o accomplish_v but_o by_o seed_n which_o must_v be_v sow_v in_o a_o fruitful_a ground_n that_o be_v shed_v into_o such_o a_o place_n as_o wherein_o their_o dull_a and_o sleepy_a faculty_n may_v be_v raise_v and_o rouse_v up_o which_o we_o call_v sex_n 1_o distinction_n of_o sex_n conception_n and_o afterward_o that_o which_o be_v thus_o conceive_a may_v be_v cherish_v nourish_v and_o so_o attain_v the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o his_o kind_n but_o because_o man_n be_v too_o hot_a to_o perform_v this_o office_n for_o his_o heat_n consume_v all_o in_o he_o and_o leave_v no_o remainder_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o infant_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o a_o woman_n shall_v be_v create_v for_o we_o will_v insist_v now_o only_o in_o mankind_n which_o may_v afford_v not_o only_o a_o place_n wherein_o to_o cherish_v and_o conceive_v the_o seed_n but_o also_o matter_n for_o the_o nourishment_n and_o augmentation_n of_o the_o same_o both_o these_o sex_n of_o male_a and_o female_a do_v not_o differ_v in_o the_o kind_n as_o we_o call_v it_o or_o species_n that_o be_v essential_a form_n and_o perfection_n but_o only_o in_o some_o accident_n to_o wit_n in_o temper_n and_o in_o the_o structure_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n for_o the_o female_a sex_n as_o well_o as_o the_o male_a be_v a_o perfection_n of_o
we_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v many_o and_o diverse_a to_o omit_v the_o rest_n we_o will_v make_v mention_n only_o of_o three_o which_o be_v the_o especial_a and_o most_o immediate_a cause_n 3._o efficient_a cause_n the_o first_o be_v the_o tickle_a of_o the_o turgid_a and_o itch_a seed_n now_o the_o seed_n be_v turgid_a that_o be_v hoven_v or_o frothy_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o impetuous_a motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n for_o seed_n without_o spirit_n such_o as_o be_v anoyd_v in_o the_o gonorrhaea_n breed_v no_o pleasure_n at_o all_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n those_o that_o abuse_v the_o use_n of_o woman_n by_o frequent_a copulation_n have_v less_o pleasure_n than_o other_o man_n because_o they_o have_v few_o spirit_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o cause_n of_o itself_o sufficient_a to_o procure_v pleasure_n such_o especial_o as_o be_v conceive_v but_o another_o cause_n be_v require_v which_o be_v the_o celerity_n or_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n and_o of_o the_o excretion_n for_o as_o pain_n be_v never_o cause_v unless_o there_o be_v a_o sudden_a and_o swift_a alteration_n so_o when_o the_o seed_n issue_v by_o little_a and_o little_a or_o weep_o there_o be_v no_o pleasure_n at_o all_o final_o to_o these_o two_o be_v add_v the_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n and_o their_o narrowness_n for_o so_o the_o part_n be_v tickle_v and_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v distend_v return_v into_o their_o natural_a situation_n and_o constitution_n there_o be_v stir_v up_o a_o wonderful_a delight_n and_o pleasure_n but_o that_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v make_v more_o evident_a we_o will_v handle_v here_o two_o problem_n the_o first_o why_o the_o spirit_n as_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o other_o part_n vein_n artery_n first_o 2._o problem_n the_o first_o sinew_n membrane_n these_o last_o especial_o be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n together_o with_o the_o blood_n and_o the_o humour_n do_v not_o induce_v the_o same_o pleasure_n which_o they_o do_v in_o the_o spermaticall_a organ_n haply_o it_o be_v because_o this_o kind_n of_o sensation_n by_o the_o wonderful_a providence_n of_o nature_n be_v bestow_v only_o upon_o the_o genitals_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n like_a as_o she_o solution_n solution_n have_v give_v only_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n the_o sense_n of_o divulsion_n and_o appetite_n or_o we_o may_v say_v that_o in_o the_o other_o vessel_n there_o be_v not_o so_o sudden_a and_o headstrong_a a_o effusion_n of_o humour_n and_o spirit_n together_o the_o other_o problem_n be_v why_o man_n and_o woman_n that_o be_v asleep_a have_v great_a pleasure_n in_o problem_n the_o second_o problem_n their_o nocturnal_a pollution_n see_v that_o in_o sleep_v the_o sensative_a faculty_n be_v all_o at_o rest_n for_o the_o philosopher_n call_v sleep_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n of_o the_o first_o sensator_fw-la we_o answer_v solution_n the_o solution_n first_o that_o the_o imagination_n in_o 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of_o the_o man_n or_o of_o the_o woman_n be_v the_o great_a it_o will_v be_v a_o vain_a and_o fruitless_a disquisition_n to_o inquire_v indeed_o the_o woman_n conceive_v pleasure_n more_o way_n that_o be_v in_o the_o avoid_n of_o her_o own_o seed_n and_o also_o in_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o man_n for_o which_o cause_n the_o tyresian_a priest_n who_o have_v experience_n of_o both_o sex_n prefer_v answer_n the_o answer_n the_o woman_n in_o this_o kind_n but_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o man_n be_v more_o intense_a partly_o because_o his_o seed_n be_v more_o hot_a and_o spirituous_a &_o partly_o also_o because_o it_o yssu_v with_o great_a violence_n and_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o almain_n leap_n or_o subsultation_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o first_o principle_n of_o generation_n that_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o second_o principle_n which_o be_v the_o mother_n blood_n qvest._n viii_o whether_o the_o menstrual_a blood_n have_v any_o noxious_a or_o hurtful_a quality_n therein_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o menstrual_a blood_n there_o have_v be_v and_o yet_o be_v so_o hard_a hold_n and_o so_o many_o opinion_n even_o among_o physician_n themselves_o that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o make_v mention_n of_o all_o their_o difference_n much_o more_o to_o insist_v upon_o they_o but_o because_o we_o will_v pretermit_v nothing_o that_o be_v worthy_a of_o your_o knowledge_n we_o will_v insist_v upon_o the_o chief_a head_n of_o the_o controversy_n the_o first_o of_o which_o shall_v be_v concern_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o course_n all_o man_n do_v agree_v that_o this_o blood_n be_v a_o excrement_n for_o like_o a_o superfluity_n it_o be_v every_o month_n course_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o course_n drive_v forth_o of_o the_o womb_n but_o because_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o excrement_n the_o one_o natural_a and_o profitable_a the_o other_o altogether_o unprofitable_a and_o unnatural_a we_o must_v inquire_v of_o which_o kind_n this_o menstrual_a blood_n be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o unprofitable_a excrement_n and_o of_o a_o noxious_a or_o hurtful_a quality_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o famous_a learned_a man_n as_o also_o by_o strong_a reason_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o authority_n that_o it_o be_v ill_o quality_v hypocrates_n authority_n first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la mulierum_fw-la express_v the_o malignant_a quality_n thereof_o in_o these_o word_n it_o fret_v the_o earth_n like_o vinegar_n and_o gnaw_v the_o body_n of_o the_o woman_n wheresoever_o it_o light_v and_o ulcerate_v the_o part_n of_o generation_n aristotle_n in_o the_o 19_o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la galen_n aristotle_n galen_n animalium_fw-la write_v that_o that_o kind_a of_o blood_n be_v disease_v and_o vitiate_a galen_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr atra_fw-la boil_n say_v that_o every_o month_n a_o superfluous_a portion_n of_o blood_n unprofitable_a not_o only_o in_o quantity_n but_o also_o in_o quality_n be_v avoid_v moses_n that_o great_a lawgiver_n as_o we_o read_v in_o holy_a scripture_n make_v a_o edict_n that_o no_o menstruous_a woman_n shall_v come_v moses_n moses_n into_o the_o sanctuary_n let_v she_o touch_v no_o holy_a thing_n nor_o enter_v into_o the_o sanctuary_n whilst_o the_o day_n of_o her_o purgation_n be_v fulfil_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o zabri_n those_o woman_n that_o have_v their_o course_n zabri_n the_o law_n of_o the_o zabri_n be_v interdict_v the_o company_n and_o society_n of_o man_n and_o the_o place_n where_o she_o do_v stand_v be_v cleanse_v by_o fire_n hesiodus_n forbid_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v frequent_v those_o bath_n where_o menstruous_a woman_n have_v bathe_v themselves_o pliny_n also_o in_o the_o 28._o chapter_n of_o his_o 7._o book_n pliny_n pliny_n &_o columella_n do_v think_v that_o this_o blood_n be_v not_o only_o vicious_a but_o poisonous_a for_o by_o the_o touch_n thereof_o the_o young_a vine_n do_v wither_v the_o bud_n of_o herb_n be_v burn_v up_o yea_o glass_n be_v infect_v columella_n columella_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o tabes_fw-la if_o a_o dog_n lick_v of_o it_o he_o will_v run_v mad_a and_o wanton_a woman_n be_v wont_a experience_n reason_n and_o experience_n to_o bewitch_v their_o lover_n with_o this_o blood_n whence_o outd_v call_v it_o lunare_fw-la virus_fw-la the_o moon_n poison_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o superfluous_a in_o quantity_n but_o in_o the_o whole_a quality_n a_o noisome_a excrement_n this_o poisonous_a quality_n thereof_o woman_n have_v daily_a and_o lamentable_a experience_n of_o in_o their_o own_o body_n for_o if_o it_o be_v suppress_v it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o see_v what_o horrible_a and_o how_o many_o symptom_n do_v arise_v therefrom_o if_o say_v hypocrates_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la mulierum_fw-la it_o be_v stable_v without_o the_o womb_n it_o engender_v inflammation_n cancer_n
evacuate_v be_v not_o yet_o so_o evident_a auerrhoe_n contend_v that_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o the_o seed_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o womb_n be_v not_o always_o necessaray_v and_o that_o a_o woman_n may_v conceive_v without_o the_o embracement_n of_o a_o man_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o tell_v a_o tale_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o conceive_v the_o seed_n of_o a_o man_n float_v in_o the_o water_n of_o a_o bath_n so_o strong_a say_v he_o be_v the_o attractive_a faculty_n of_o the_o womb_n in_o draw_v of_o seed_n but_o it_o be_v great_a wonder_n that_o a_o philosopher_n will_v be_v so_o credulous_a to_o believe_v the_o excuse_n of_o a_o light-skirt_n who_o to_o save_v her_o honesty_n devise_v this_o excuse_n by_o look_v upon_o skirt_n how_o fine_o he_o be_v gull_v by_o a_o light_a skirt_n her_o apron_n string_n for_o say_v he_o a_o neighbour_n of_o i_o tell_v i_o this_o tale_n of_o herself_o the_o woman_n i_o can_v but_o commend_v for_o her_o wit_n though_o not_o for_o her_o 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reason_n aside_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o yard_n be_v too_o hard_o rein_v with_o the_o bridle_n can_v generate_v not_o because_o they_o have_v not_o fruitful_a seed_n but_o because_o hang_v a_o little_a in_o the_o contortion_n of_o the_o yard_n it_o can_v immediate_o be_v convey_v into_o the_o womb_n whilst_o it_o retain_v his_o heat_n and_o spirit_n as_o say_v galen_n in_o the_o 3._o chapter_n of_o his_o 15._o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la do_v not_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la multerum_fw-la affirm_v that_o to_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o reason_n three_o reason_n sterility_n and_o barrenness_n in_o woman_n when_o the_o womb_n be_v pervert_v or_o distort_v because_o then_o the_o seed_n can_v direct_o pass_v without_o delay_n unto_o the_o inner_a orifice_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a o_o auerrhoe_n that_o there_o be_v a_o direct_a and_o impetuous_a or_o forcible_a ejaculation_n of_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o man_n into_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o woman_n furthermore_o because_o in_o brute_n first_o why_o beast_n conceive_v at_o the_o first_o beast_n which_o cover_v one_o the_o other_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o the_o seed_n into_o the_o womb_n be_v more_o direct_a it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o at_o once_o cover_v for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o hold_v as_o we_o use_v to_o say_v which_o be_v not_o so_o betwixt_o reasonable_a creature_n again_o beast_n be_v quiet_a in_o that_o action_n be_v so_o teach_v by_o nature_n for_o motion_n often_o prevent_v conception_n now_o if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n both_o sex_n yield_v their_o seed_n then_o be_v the_o conception_n soon_o and_o also_o more_o perfect_a because_o the_o womb_n at_o that_o time_n be_v as_o it_o be_v enrage_v do_v more_o greedy_o draw_v and_o more_o narrow_o embrace_v the_o seed_n which_o be_v cast_v unto_o it_o this_o hypocrates_n acknowledge_v in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la mulierum_fw-la in_o these_o word_n if_o that_o which_o proceed_v once_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o ejaculation_n of_o both_o seed_n shall_v be_v at_o once_o from_o the_o man_n do_v together_o and_o in_o a_o right_a line_n concur_v and_o meet_v with_o that_o which_o be_v avoid_v by_o the_o woman_n then_o do_v the_o woman_n soon_o conceive_v he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o a_o metaphor_n take_v from_o watermen_n who_o together_o do_v rise_v upon_o their_o rower_n together_o dip_v they_o in_o the_o water_n and_o together_o drive_v their_o stroke_n and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o they_o soon_o conceive_v it_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n unto_o generation_n that_o both_o sex_n shall_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n yield_v their_o seed_n but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v conception_n though_o it_o be_v slow_a if_o one_o come_v a_o little_a before_o or_o after_o another_o but_o if_o the_o distance_n of_o time_n be_v too_o great_a between_o they_o then_o the_o conception_n succeed_v not_o because_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o first_o seed_n be_v exhaust_v and_o dissipate_v the_o same_o thing_n have_v aristotle_n in_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la upon_o which_o scaliger_n have_v write_v a_o excellent_a commentary_n as_o that_o mirror_n of_o learning_n do_v all_o thing_n authority_n prove_v by_o aristotle_n authority_n excellent_o there_o be_v say_v he_o that_o think_v there_o can_v be_v no_o conception_n unless_o the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n meet_v one_o with_o another_o these_o be_v deceive_v because_o the_o better_o habit_v body_n soon_o yield_v wherefore_o that_o seed_n be_v the_o strong_a be_v not_o corrupt_v but_o retain_v his_o spirit_n and_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o womb_n be_v retain_v for_o the_o future_a permixtion_n so_o that_o to_o conception_n simple_o this_o concurrence_n of_o seed_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n be_v not_o absolute_o but_o to_o a_o soon_o conception_n it_o be_v necessary_a it_o be_v also_o demand_v whether_o conception_n may_v be_v without_o pleasure_n on_o the_o man_n part_n opinion_n whither_o conception_n may_v be_v without_o pleasure_n dinus_n opinion_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o on_o the_o woman_n for_o you_o shall_v hear_v many_o say_v that_o they_o have_v no_o sense_n or_o inkling_n of_o pleasure_n at_o all_o dinus_n be_v of_o this_o mind_n that_o conception_n be_v not_o always_o with_o pleasure_n on_o the_o woman_n part_n but_o dina_n be_v a_o better_a judge_n of_o this_o controversy_n let_v we_o hear_v his_o reason_n because_o sometime_o say_v he_o the_o seed_n be_v immediate_o ejaculate_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o womb_n which_o be_v of_o a_o dull_a sense_n never_o touch_v the_o orifice_n who_o sense_n be_v confute_v confute_v more_o exquisite_a a_o pretty_a shift_n i_o promise_v you_o but_o the_o good_a man_n be_v in_o a_o error_n for_o pleasure_n be_v not_o therefore_o conceive_v because_o the_o seed_n touch_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o womb_n but_o because_o it_o run_v through_o the_o spermaticall_a vessel_n of_o the_o woman_n which_o be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n otherwise_o woman_n with_o child_n who_o eiaculate_a their_o seed_n not_o into_o the_o inward_a orifice_n but_o into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o womb_n shall_v have_v no_o pleasure_n in_o such_o ejaculation_n but_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o have_v great_a pleasure_n after_o they_o be_v with_o child_n then_o before_o because_o their_o seed_n pass_v a_o long_a course_n as_o we_o shall_v say_v more_o at_o large_a in_o our_o discourse_n of_o superfoetation_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr principijs_fw-la assoil_v this_o question_n for_o after_o he_o have_v give_v we_o hypocrates_n the_o question_n assâ—yled_v by_o hypocrates_n some_o sign_n of_o conception_n he_o say_v that_o these_o do_v not_o happen_v to_o all_o woman_n but_o unto_o those_o only_a who_o body_n be_v pure_a and_o clean_a but_o where_o the_o body_n be_v gross_a full_a of_o mucous_a and_o impure_a humour_n there_o be_v no_o such_o sign_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o impure_a mucous_a and_o moist_a woman_n may_v conceyve_v without_o pleasure_n or_o any_o sense_n of_o titillation_n at_o all_o final_o some_o doubt_n whether_o the_o permixtion_n of_o the_o seed_n be_v requisite_a to_o conception_n answer_v whether_o the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n be_v mingle_v objection_n answer_v because_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o species_n or_o kind_n be_v mix_v again_o if_o they_o be_v mix_v then_o shall_v essenty_n be_v intend_v and_o remit_v which_o in_o philosophy_n be_v a_o gross_a absurdity_n because_o every_o essence_n be_v impartible_a likewise_o of_o two_o being_n by_o themselves_o one_o be_v by_o itself_o can_v be_v make_v but_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o seed_n be_v not_o actual_o animate_v they_o do_v not_o
the_o lung_n in_o a_o infant_n yet_o contain_v in_o the_o womb_n that_o the_o venal_a artery_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o vein_n the_o arterial_a vein_n of_o a_o artery_n but_o the_o rough_a artery_n be_v altogether_o idle_a and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a demonstration_n of_o these_o two_o union_n or_o communion_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o infant_n yet_o unborn_a the_o second_o exercise_n wherein_o the_o new_a demonstration_n of_o the_o use_n of_o these_o communion_n divulge_v by_o simon_n petreus_n a_o physician_n of_o paris_n be_v confute_v but_o that_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o demonstration_n of_o galen_n may_v be_v more_o apparent_a let_v we_o a_o little_a examine_v some_o opinion_n of_o the_o late_a writer_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o inoculation_n petreus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v ordain_v rather_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n then_o for_o the_o nourishment_n and_o life_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o his_o demonstration_n and_o these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n his_o own_o word_n the_o first_o intent_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o make_v all_o thing_n perfect_a but_o the_o absolute_a perfection_n of_o her_o work_n she_o do_v not_o always_o attain_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cross_n or_o averse_a disposition_n of_o the_o subject_a opinion_n petreus_n opinion_n matter_n which_o aristotle_n call_v the_o hypotheticall_a or_o material_a necessity_n but_o what_o necessity_n constrain_v nature_n to_o produce_v these_o inoculation_n of_o the_o vessel_n sure_o the_o necessity_n be_v very_o great_a which_o if_o a_o man_n be_v ignorant_a of_o he_o shall_v never_o understand_v their_o history_n the_o use_n and_o the_o action_n be_v the_o end_n of_o nature_n when_o she_o work_v &_o the_o scope_n or_o aim_n of_o the_o physician_n who_o search_v into_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n which_o scope_n if_o he_o neglect_v all_o anatomy_n will_v be_v uncertain_a and_o all_o his_o inspection_n of_o the_o part_n will_v but_o double_v their_o obscurity_n aristotle_n often_o admonish_v that_o the_o organ_n be_v make_v for_o the_o use_n not_o the_o use_n apply_v to_o the_o instrument_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o galen_n first_o propound_v the_o use_n and_o thereto_o recall_v the_o composition_n &_o conformation_n of_o every_o part_n i_o will_v therefore_o first_o show_v the_o use_n and_o necessity_n of_o these_o inoculation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o ymbilicall_a artery_n do_v transmit_v from_o the_o mother_n to_o the_o infant_n arterial_a and_o vital_a blood_n for_o they_o be_v insert_v into_o his_o iliacall_a artery_n from_o these_o the_o blood_n ascend_v into_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o great_a artery_n yea_o even_o to_o his_o gate_n in_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n where_o it_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v stay_n because_o nature_n have_v set_v at_o that_o gate_n of_o the_o great_a artery_n three_o value_v whereby_o the_o passage_n be_v bolt_v from_o without_o inward_a albeit_o from_o within_o outward_a any_o thing_n may_v pass_v for_o this_o inconueniency_n and_o obstacle_n nature_n devise_v a_o present_a remedy_n for_o consider_v that_o the_o blood_n labour_v in_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o mother_n heart_n and_o further_o prepare_v in_o the_o length_n of_o his_o way_n from_o the_o mother_n unto_o the_o infant_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o his_o lung_n she_o provide_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v pour_v into_o the_o arterial_a vein_n which_o be_v destine_v for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n she_o prepare_v in_o the_o infant_n a_o passage_n common_a to_o the_o great_a artery_n and_o the_o arterial_a vein_n which_o be_v conspicuous_a above_o the_o basis_n of_o his_o heart_n which_o we_o call_v anastomosis_n for_o the_o other_o anastomosis_n i_o thus_o demonstrate_v the_o use_n thereof_o we_o before_o determine_v that_o the_o arterial_a blood_n which_o the_o infant_n receyve_v from_o his_o mother_n by_o the_o umbilical_a artery_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o lung_n now_o it_o will_v be_v worth_a our_o labour_n to_o learn_v how_o vital_a blood_n sufficient_a to_o be_v diffuse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v in_o the_o infant_n generate_v for_o there_o be_v no_o aer_fw-la lead_v by_o the_o venal_a artery_n into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o hart_n whereof_o the_o spirit_n shall_v be_v make_v because_o the_o infant_n breathe_v not_o in_o the_o womb_n neither_o get_v any_o thing_n into_o the_o hart_n by_o the_o great_a artery_n for_o the_o value_n which_o open_v outward_a and_o shut_v inward_a will_v admit_v nothing_o to_o enter_v the_o left_a ventricle_n therefore_o of_o the_o heart_n have_v be_v unprofitable_a through_o want_n of_o matter_n and_o the_o discommodity_n of_o the_o place_n unless_o nature_n have_v learn_v of_o herself_o to_o frame_v way_n for_o she_o own_o behoof_n more_o easy_a and_o expedite_a which_o be_v the_o other_o anastomosis_n wherein_o she_o have_v wrought_v a_o work_n beyond_o all_o admiration_n this_o anastomosis_n be_v out_o of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n into_o the_o venal_a artery_n by_o which_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v too_o much_o for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v commodious_o transport_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n where_o it_o be_v labour_v confect_v and_o receyve_v a_o impression_n of_o the_o vital_a faculty_n and_o so_o turn_v aside_o into_o the_o great_a artery_n which_o be_v near_a neighbour_n and_o touch_v it_o that_o by_o it_o it_o may_v be_v distribute_v into_o the_o whole_a body_n this_o demonstration_n i_o take_v to_o be_v most_o true_a that_o the_o work_n of_o this_o anastomosis_n which_o be_v a_o very_a miracle_n in_o nature_n may_v rather_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n then_o unto_o a_o unprofitable_a commodity_n only_o of_o the_o lung_n neither_o do_v i_o see_v by_o what_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o infant_n which_o do_v not_o move_v at_o all_o while_o it_o be_v in_o the_o womb_n shall_v yet_o then_o require_v and_o dispend_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o aliment_n and_o blood_n than_o they_o do_v after_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v when_o for_o the_o general_a behoof_n of_o the_o body_n they_o be_v perpetual_o move_v for_o if_o those_o inoculation_n have_v be_v make_v only_o for_o the_o lung_n they_o be_v greedy_a will_v have_v draw_v all_o the_o blood_n by_o those_o patent_n passage_n which_o in_o grow_v man_n they_o draw_v only_o out_o of_o the_o areriall_a vein_n furthermore_o this_o absurdity_n will_v follow_v that_o the_o vital_a faculty_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o infant_n must_v be_v idle_a all_o the_o time_n of_o his_o gestation_n this_o be_v petreus_n his_o demonstration_n wherein_o that_o i_o may_v speak_v in_o one_o word_n he_o establish_v two_o thing_n the_o first_o that_o the_o arterial_a canale_n or_o pipe_n be_v make_v for_o this_o purpose_n to_o pour_v opinion_n the_o sum_n of_o petreus_n opinion_n out_o into_o the_o lung_n alone_o the_o arterial_a and_o vital_a blood_n which_o the_o infant_n draw_v by_o the_o umbilicall_a artery_n so_o that_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o umbilicall_a artery_n be_v not_o make_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o only_o of_o the_o lung_n the_o second_o thing_n he_o will_v establish_v be_v that_o the_o lung_n be_v not_o nourish_v by_o the_o blood_n bring_v through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n into_o the_o venal_a artery_n but_o that_o all_o that_o blood_n be_v transmit_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o vital_a spirit_n which_o two_o thing_n how_o absurd_a they_o be_v and_o dissonant_n for_o true_a and_o right_a reason_n i_o will_v impugn_a petreus_n impugn_a endeavour_n to_o show_v both_o by_o reason_n and_o sense_n which_o be_v the_o two_o most_o certain_a judge_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o his_o use_n of_o that_o communion_n which_o be_v by_o a_o arterial_a canale_n or_o pipe_n from_o the_o great_a artery_n into_o the_o arterial_a vein_n i_o find_v some_o thing_n contradictory_n and_o very_o many_o false_a and_o absurd_a for_o sometime_o he_o will_n that_o both_o the_o inoculation_n be_v make_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n not_o for_o the_o commodity_n only_o of_o the_o lung_n afterward_o as_o if_o he_o have_v forget_v himself_o he_o write_v in_o his_o whole_a discourse_n that_o that_o canale_n which_o be_v from_o the_o great_a artery_n to_o the_o arterial_a vein_n serve_v only_o for_o the_o lung_n whereas_o to_o make_v good_a his_o demonstration_n he_o shall_v have_v say_v that_o the_o inoculation_n which_o be_v from_o the_o hollow_a vein_n to_o the_o venal_a artery_n demonstration_n a_o contradiction_n in_o his_o demonstration_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v
a_o example_n propound_v by_o hypocrates_n for_o say_v he_o if_o you_o give_v drink_n that_o it_o be_v part_n of_o our_o drink_n a_o pig_n that_o be_v very_o dry_a water_n mingle_v with_o minium_n or_o vermilion_n and_o present_o stick_v it_o you_o shall_v find_v all_o his_o windepipe_n along_o dye_v with_o this_o colour_a drink_n some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v generate_v from_o moist_a vapour_n and_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o drive_v forth_o by_o his_o perpetual_a motion_n and_o high_a heat_n unto_o the_o pericardium_n by_o who_o density_n they_o be_v turn_v into_o water_n and_o of_o that_o opinion_n be_v falopius_n laurentius_n &_o archangelus_n who_o remember_v six_o opinion_n concern_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o make_v mention_n of_o this_o humour_n be_v find_v not_o only_o in_o dead_a body_n as_o some_o will_v but_o also_o in_o live_v but_o why_o that_o it_o be_v find_v in_o live_a body_n but_o more_o in_o dead_a and_o why_o more_o plentiful_a after_o death_n except_o in_o those_o that_o die_v of_o consumption_n in_o who_o it_o be_v little_a and_o yellowish_a because_o the_o many_o spirit_n which_o be_v about_o the_o heart_n the_o body_n be_v cold_a be_v turn_v into_o water_n even_o as_o those_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n convert_v into_o water_n we_o also_o affirm_v that_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v in_o live_a body_n and_o not_o only_o in_o those_o that_o be_v disease_v as_o they_o that_o be_v trouble_v with_o palpitation_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o also_o in_o all_o sound_a body_n yet_o in_o some_o more_o plentiful_a in_o other_o more_o spare_v but_o in_o all_o moderate_a because_o if_o it_o be_v consume_v there_o follow_v a_o disease_a in_o sound_a body_n as_o well_o as_o in_o disease_a consumption_n if_o it_o be_v abundant_a palpitation_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o much_o that_o it_o hinder_v the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o heart_n than_o follow_v suffocation_n and_o death_n itself_o that_o it_o be_v in_o live_a body_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o heart_n where_o he_o say_v there_o be_v a_o little_a humour_n like_o unto_o urine_n as_o also_o by_o the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n out_o of_o who_o precious_a side_n issue_v water_n and_o blood_n it_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o dissection_n of_o live_a saviour_n the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n creature_n which_o every_o year_n be_v perform_v for_o further_a advertisement_n especial_o a_o sheep_n or_o such_o like_a great_a with_o young_a vesalius_n add_v a_o example_n of_o a_o man_n who_o heart_n be_v take_v out_o of_o his_o body_n while_o he_o live_v at_o padua_n in_o italy_n final_o the_o use_n and_o necessity_n of_o it_o do_v evict_v the_o same_o for_o the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v to_o keep_v moist_a the_o heart_n and_o his_o vessel_n a_o hot_a part_n it_o be_v so_o as_o the_o left_a it_o the_o use_n of_o it_o ventricle_n will_v even_o scald_v a_o man_n finger_n if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o it_o and_o so_o continual_o move_v that_o unless_o it_o be_v thus_o temper_v it_o will_v gather_v a_o very_a torrify_a heat_n by_o cool_v it_o also_o it_o keep_v it_o fresh_a and_o flourish_a it_o moystn_v also_o the_o pericardium_n wherein_o it_o be_v contain_v which_o otherwise_o by_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o heart_n will_v be_v exiccate_v or_o dry_v up_o by_o it_o also_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n become_v more_o facile_a and_o easy_a and_o this_o motion_n spend_v it_o and_o resolve_v it_o insensible_o by_o the_o pore_n as_o it_o be_v breed_v but_o if_o in_o the_o passage_n it_o be_v stay_v then_o say_v varolius_n be_v there_o many_o hair_n find_v grow_v right_o against_o it_o on_o the_o breast_n final_o it_o take_v away_o the_o sense_n or_o feel_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o heart_n because_o the_o heart_n swim_v as_o it_o breast_n the_o cause_n of_o have_v upon_o the_o breast_n be_v in_o it_o even_o as_o we_o see_v the_o infant_n swim_v in_o sweat_n in_o the_o womb_n aswell_o to_o take_v away_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o great_a a_o burden_n from_o the_o mother_n as_o also_o that_o it_o may_v not_o fall_v hard_o to_o any_o part_n in_o her_o body_n you_o may_v add_v to_o this_o if_o you_o please_v that_o it_o help_v forward_o the_o concretion_n of_o the_o fat_a about_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o cavity_n also_o of_o the_o chest_n there_o be_v find_v such_o a_o like_a water_n mingle_v with_o blood_n with_o chest_n another_o water_n and_o blood_n mingle_v in_o the_o chest_n which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o chest_n be_v continual_o moisten_v and_o cool_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o these_o circumstance_n of_o the_o heart_n now_o follow_v the_o vessel_n of_o the_o chest_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o ascend_a trunk_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n tab_n 5._o fig._n 1._o show_v the_o division_n of_o the_o hollow-vein_n in_o the_o jugulum_fw-la or_o hollow_a under_o the_o patelbone_n on_o the_o right_a side_n be_v show_v how_o it_o be_v common_o believe_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o trunk_n the_o one_o call_v the_o sub-clavius_a the_o other_o super-clavius_a from_o whence_o come_v that_o scrupulous_a choice_n of_o the_o cephalica_fw-la and_o basilica_n vein_n in_o phlebotomy_n or_o blood-letting_n on_o the_o right_a side_n be_v show_v how_o the_o trunk_n be_v but_o one_o out_o of_o which_o both_o the_o foresay_a vein_n of_o the_o arm_n do_v proceed_v fig._n 2._o show_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n as_o much_o as_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o hart_n unto_o the_o jugulun_n wherein_o be_v exhibit_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o fibre_n which_o be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vein_n tabula_fw-la v._o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o the_o 2._o figure_n fig_n iii_o fig._n 3._o show_v a_o rude_a delineation_n of_o the_o fibre_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vein_n fig_n iv_o fig._n 4._o show_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o vein_n azygos_n which_o we_o shall_v show_v more_o distinct_o in_o the_o 7._o table_n before_o the_o division_n it_o send_v out_o four_o branch_n table_n 6._o show_v the_o trunk_n and_o branch_n of_o the_o hollow_a vein_n as_o they_o be_v disseminated_a through_o all_o the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o body_n tabula_fw-la vi_o afterward_o the_o hollowveine_n perforate_v the_o pericardium_n again_o and_o again_o grow_v round_o but_o much_o less_o than_o before_o and_o rise_v up_o where_o the_o right_a lung_n be_v part_v from_o the_o left_a and_o so_o pass_v to_o the_o jugulum_fw-la but_o above_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o body_n it_o part_v with_o a_o notable_a trunk_n or_o branch_n to_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o spondel_n and_o the_o space_n between_o the_o rib_n and_o this_o be_v the_o three_o branch_n call_v vena_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o sine_fw-la pari_fw-la that_o be_v the_o un-mated_n vein_n 〈◊〉_d vena_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o we_o have_v before_o call_v non-paril_a tab._n 5._o fig._n 1._o c._n fig._n 2_o b_o fig._n 4_o b_o because_o common_o in_o a_o man_n it_o be_v but_o one_o as_o also_o in_o dog_n and_o have_v not_o another_o on_o the_o other_o side_n like_o unto_o it_o although_o it_o show_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o hollow_a verne_n disseminated_a through_o both_o the_o belly_n notwithstanding_o it_o serve_v especial_o to_o exhibit_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o vein_n azygos_n and_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o branch_n thereof_o with_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o chest_n which_o here_o be_v only_o show_v on_o the_o right_a side_n tabula_fw-la vii_o yyyy_a the_o outward_a vein_n of_o the_o chest_n which_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o inner_a branch_n of_o the_o azygos_n z_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o basilica_n which_o be_v join_v with_o the_o cephalica_fw-la a._n a_o branch_n of_o the_o cephalica_fw-la which_o be_v join_v with_o the_o basilica_n z_o b_o the_o vein_n call_v mediana_n or_o the_o middle_a vein_n common_o from_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vein_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tab._n 5._o fig._n 4._o b_o tab._n 6._o ff_n tab._n 7._o d_o out_o of_o the_o backside_n of_o it_o as_o well_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o on_o the_o right_n but_o on_o the_o right_a especial_o branch_n pari_fw-la the_o branch_n of_o vena_fw-la sine_fw-la pari_fw-la be_v distribute_v to_o the_o distance_n sometime_o of_o all_o but_o most_o what_o of_o the_o ten_o low_a rib_n tab._n 5._o fig._n 4_o which_o be_v call_v intercostales_fw-la rami_fw-la tab._n 6_o gg_n branch_n between_o the_o rib_n this_o vein_n also_o without_o his_o
the_o suture_n the_o use_n of_o the_o suture_n pericranium_n and_o periostium_fw-la as_o be_v say_v and_o final_o to_o give_v ingate_n and_o outgate_v to_o the_o vessel_n beside_o the_o suture_n the_o skull_n itself_o be_v crass_a rare_a and_o full_a of_o hole_n crasse_n or_o thick_a for_o the_o security_n of_o that_o therein_o contain_v skull_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o skull_n rare_a that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v too_o great_a a_o burden_n and_o full_a of_o hole_n tab_v 4._o fig._n 11._o 12._o l_o tab_v 7_o fig._n 14._o c_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o transpiration_n of_o sooty_a excrement_n it_o be_v also_o make_v of_o a_o double_a table_n as_o we_o call_v it_o or_o of_o two_o leaf_n table_n 5._o fig._n 14._o ao_o which_o may_v best_o be_v distinguish_v about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o brow_n the_o outward_a of_o these_o may_v be_v caten_v table_n his_o table_n away_o by_o the_o french_a disease_n the_o inner_a remain_a sound_n betwixt_o these_o table_n be_v convey_v vein_n and_o artery_n for_o the_o life_n and_o nourishment_n meditullium_fw-la meditullium_fw-la of_o the_o scull_n among_o which_o vessel_n there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o medullous_a or_o marrowy_a substance_n tab_v 5._o fig._n 14._o betwixt_o a_o and_o o_o c_o which_o some_o call_n meditullium_fw-la these_o table_n be_v oftentimes_o perforate_v in_o many_o place_n but_o without_o order_n through_o perforation_n his_o perforation_n which_o perforation_n small_a vessel_n pass_v into_o the_o inward_a cavity_n even_o to_o the_o dura_fw-la meninx_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o scull_n be_v smooth_a but_o if_o you_o turn_v the_o bottom_n upwarde_o it_o be_v full_a of_o inaequality_n and_o protuberation_n of_o all_o which_o we_o shall_v entreat_v more_o at_o large_a in_o our_o book_n of_o bone_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o bone_n proper_a to_o the_o scull_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o head_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o skull_n alone_o some_o belong_v to_o the_o upper_a jaw_n also_o the_o bone_n proper_a to_o the_o skull_n alone_o be_v six_o in_o number_n head_n the_o proper_a bone_n of_o the_o head_n for_o we_o go_v not_o now_o precise_o to_o work_v to_o account_v the_o small_a bone_n of_o the_o ear_n those_o of_o the_o jaw_n two_o tab._n 4._o fig._n 10._o show_v the_o inner_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o skull_n together_o with_o many_o hole_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o wedgebone_n figure_n 11._o show_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o scull_n cut_v from_o the_o low_a tablva_fw-la four_o fig_n x._o fig_n xi_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o scull_n be_v call_v os_fw-la frontis_fw-la the_o forehead_n bone_n tab._n 2_o fig._n 6_o 7._o l_o tab._n 3_o fig._n 8._o i_o i_o it_o be_v circumscribe_v with_o the_o coronall_a suture_a tab._n 2_o fig._n 6_o c._n fig._n 7_o a_o b_o and_o that_o bone_n the_o forehead_n bone_n which_o be_v common_a to_o the_o head_n and_o the_o upper_a jaw_n tab._n 3_o fig._n 8_o r._n table_n 2._o fig._n 6_o and_z 7_o g_o in_o this_o bone_n on_o either_o side_n the_o brow_n tab_n 4._o fig._n 10_o &_o 11_o at_o l_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a bosom_n or_o hollowness_n wherein_o be_v contain_v a_o soft_a and_o medullous_a matter_n or_o haply_o it_o be_v frame_v to_o contain_v aer_fw-la for_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_v it_o have_v two_o process_n the_o one_o reach_v towards_o the_o less_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o great_a angle_n of_o the_o eye_n &_o make_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o orb_n thereof_o the_o second_o and_o three_o be_v call_v ossa_n syncipitis_fw-la tab._n 2_o fig._n 6_o i_o k_n they_o be_v full_a of_o den_n or_o small_a hole_n on_o the_o inside_n with_o many_o inscription_n like_o the_o path_n of_o a_o snail_n or_o emmet_n tab._n 4_o fig_n 10_o and_o 11_o ss_z syncipitis_fw-la the_o side_n bone_n ossa_fw-la syncipitis_fw-la where_o the_o vessel_n run_v they_o be_v fouresquare_n of_o substance_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o rest_n very_o thin_a and_o weak_a they_o be_v limit_v backward_o by_o the_o lambdal_a suture_a tab._n 2._o fig_n 6_o d_o c_o forward_o by_o the_o coronall_a tab._n 2_o fig._n 6_o a_o b_o and_o below_o by_o the_o scaly_a suture_n of_o the_o templebone_n tab._n 2._o fig._n 6_o g_z f_o h_n the_o four_o be_v call_v os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la the_o noddle_n or_o nowle-bone_n tab._n 2_o fig._n 6_o and_o 7_o m._n tab._n 3_o fig._n 9_o mh_o it_o be_v join_v above_o to_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o synciput_fw-la tab._n 2_o fig._n 6._o i_o k_n by_o the_o lambdall_n suture_a tab._n 2_o figure_n 6_o c_o d_o at_o the_o side_n to_o the_o templebone_n tab._n 3_o fig._n 9_o in_o c_o in_o the_o midst_n bone_n the_o noddle_n bone_n to_o the_o wedge_n bone_n tab._n 3_o figure_n 9_o o_o o_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v almost_o round_o the_o substance_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o hard_o yet_o but_o thin_a and_o weak_a at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o great_a hole_n make_v in_o it_o tab._n 3_o fig._n 9_o â—_o tab._n 4._o fig._n 10_o d_o through_o which_o the_o marrow_n enter_v into_o the_o rackbone_n of_o the_o neck_n it_o have_v nine_o bosom_n or_o hollowness_n on_o the_o inside_n seven_o on_o the_o outside_n two_o five_o hole_n or_o outlet_n and_o last_o two_o process_n or_o head_n tab._n 3_o fig._n 9_o will_v broad_a cover_v with_o a_o cartilege_n or_o gristle_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o first_o rackbone_n of_o the_o neck_n upon_o which_o the_o head_n be_v move_v backward_o it_o have_v a_o small_a process_n like_o a_o tooth_n which_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o first_o rackebone_n the_o five_o and_o the_o sixth_o be_v call_v ossa_n temporum_fw-la the_o temple_n bone_n or_o lapidosa_fw-la the_o stony_a bone_n tab._n 2._o fig._n 6._o and_o 7_o n._n tab._n 3_o fig._n 9_o tt_z they_o be_v join_v above_o by_o the_o scaly_a suture_a bone_n the_o temple_n bone_n tab._n 2_o fig._n 6_o 7_o f_o g_o h_o to_o the_o bone_n of_o synciput_fw-la below_o to_o the_o additament_n of_o the_o nowle-bone_n by_o the_o sixth_o suture_a tab._n 3._o fig._n 9_o m_o n_o to_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n by_o the_o four_o common_a suture_a tab._n 2_o fig._n 6_o y_fw-fr each_o of_o these_o have_v four_o process_n the_o first_o be_v call_v mamillaris_n tab._n 2_o fig._n 6_o and_o 7_o k._n tab._n 5._o fig._n 8_o h._n fig._n 9_o r_n the_o second_o be_v call_v styloide_n the_o three_o labyrinthus_n contain_v the_o small_a bone_n of_o the_o ear_n the_o four_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o jugal_a bone_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o two_o bone_n common_a to_o the_o skull_n and_o the_o upper_a jaw_n the_o two_o bone_n which_o belong_v as_o well_o to_o the_o upper_a jaw_n as_o to_o the_o scull_n be_v call_v sphenoide_n or_o the_o wedgebone_n and_o spongoide_v the_o spungy_a bone_n call_v wedgebone_n the_o wedgebone_n also_o cribriforme_a or_o ethmoide_n the_o first_o be_v set_v like_o a_o wedge_n whence_o it_o have_v his_o name_n betwixt_o the_o bone_n before_o describe_v and_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n so_o that_o it_o touch_v they_o almost_o all_o in_o infant_n it_o be_v make_v of_o four_o bone_n but_o after_o we_o be_v grow_v it_o also_o grow_v into_o one_o entire_a bone_n and_o because_o it_o have_v many_o process_n and_o inequality_n on_o both_o side_n a_o man_n can_v compare_v it_o to_o no_o one_o thing_n wherefore_o the_o ancient_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v seare-shaped_n the_o substance_n of_o it_o be_v fast_o and_o strong_a but_o the_o inside_n somewhat_o spongy_a it_o have_v many_o process_n two_o on_o the_o inside_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d two_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d like_o bat_n wing_n and_o four_o small_a one_o which_o make_v the_o saddle_n or_o seat_n it_o have_v also_o many_o hollowness_n or_o bosom_n some_o outward_a in_o the_o wingie_a process_n other_o inward_a in_o which_o tab._n 4._o fig._n 10_o at_z c_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v join_v than_o the_o saddle_n itself_o wherein_n be_v the_o glandule_n place_v tab._n 4._o fig._n 10_o â—_o which_o receive_v the_o phlegm_n from_o whence_o afterward_o it_o flow_v into_o the_o palate_n and_o the_o nostril_n it_o have_v also_o many_o cavity_n and_o ten_o hole_n five_o in_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o other_o five_o in_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o scull_n the_o exact_a description_n of_o all_o which_o you_o must_v look_v for_o in_o the_o book_n of_o bone_n the_o second_o bone_n common_a to_o the_o skull_n and_o the_o upper_a jaw_n be_v call_v spongoide_n or_o ethmoide_v cribre_n form_n because_o it_o be_v full_a of_o hole_n as_o a_o sieve_n or_o searce_n but_o it_o may_v better_o be_v call_v bone_n
animal_n spirit_n be_v continual_o supply_v unto_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n and_o by_o motion_n be_v spend_v &_o dissipate_v it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v great_a quantity_n of_o both_o kind_n of_o blood_n in_o this_o place_n mingle_v together_o to_o make_v supply_n of_o they_o the_o use_n of_o the_o dura_n meninx_n be_v to_o hold_v together_o the_o whole_a substance_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o be_v mater_n the_o use_n of_o the_o dura_n mater_n a_o cover_n thereunto_o and_o to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o for_o it_o compass_v about_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n also_o yea_o and_o all_o the_o nerve_n that_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o brain_n it_o also_o defend_v the_o brain_n from_o the_o impression_n of_o the_o scull_n or_o compression_n if_o by_o any_o outward_a injury_n it_o be_v beat_v downward_o it_o also_o preserve_v the_o artery_n which_o run_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o brain_n that_o in_o their_o diastole_n they_o be_v not_o offend_v by_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o scull_n moreover_o it_o divide_v the_o brain_n from_o the_o after-braine_n or_o cerebellum_fw-la as_o also_o the_o brain_n itself_o into_o a_o right_a part_n &_o a_o left_a final_o it_o produce_v ligament_n through_o the_o suture_n of_o the_o scull_n to_o make_v the_o pericranium_n and_o to_o fasten_v it_o to_o the_o scull_n that_o it_o may_v not_o sink_v down_o towards_o the_o brain_n as_o also_o to_o hold_v up_o the_o brain_n itself_o lest_o settle_n down_o it_o shall_v compress_v the_o ventricles_n which_o will_v cause_v sudden_a death_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o dura_fw-la mater_fw-la or_o meninx_n wherein_o we_o have_v be_v somewhat_o prolix_a that_o nothing_o may_v escape_v worthy_a your_o observation_n now_o it_o follow_v that_o we_o entreat_v of_o the_o pia_n mater_n or_o thin_a meninx_n the_o dura_n mater_fw-la be_v take_v away_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o second_o membrane_n call_v pia_fw-la mater_fw-la meninx_n the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la or_o tenuis_fw-la meninx_n delineate_v unto_o you_o in_o the_o sixth_o table_n and_o the_o second_o figure_n but_o in_o the_o nine_o table_n &_o the_o three_o figure_n p_o p_o show_v the_o dura_n mater_n and_o o_o o_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la of_o which_o we_o now_o speak_v this_o membrane_n even_o consider_v of_o itself_o as_o also_o in_o comparison_n with_o the_o other_o membrane_n of_o the_o body_n be_v exceed_o thin_a and_o therefore_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o galen_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n de_fw-fr administrationibus_fw-la anatomicis_fw-la and_o the_o second_o chapter_n the_o name_n he_o have_v out_o of_o hippopocrates_n name_n his_o name_n his_o book_n of_o the_o fall_v sickness_n where_o he_o say_v that_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d divide_v the_o middle_a of_o the_o brain_n or_o the_o brain_n in_o the_o midst_n galen_n also_o in_o his_o eight_o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n and_o the_o nine_o chapter_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o membrane_n like_o the_o secundine_a or_o after_o birth_n because_o it_o contain_v or_o hold_v fast_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n of_o the_o brain_n lest_o whilst_o they_o move_v they_o shall_v be_v displace_v their_o basis_n or_o foundation_n be_v but_o weak_a and_o infirm_a this_o membrane_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n contain_v within_o the_o skull_n immediate_o cover_v the_o brain_n and_o there_o be_v just_a of_o his_o figure_n in_o magnitude_n answerable_a to_o the_o brain_n &_o the_o part_n magnitude_n his_o figure_n magnitude_n thereof_o but_o the_o substance_n or_o body_n of_o it_o be_v exceed_o thin_a and_o sine_fw-la and_o yet_o cabrolius_n and_o laurentius_n say_v it_o be_v double_a it_o be_v thin_a that_o it_o may_v more_o easy_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o the_o substance_n substance_n convolution_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o yet_o not_o be_v offensive_a by_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o to_o the_o brain_n upon_o which_o it_o lie_v and_o beside_o to_o carry_v the_o vessel_n quite_o through_o the_o same_o tab_v 6._o fig._n 2._o â—â—â—_o table_n 9_o figure_n 3_o oh_o it_o be_v soft_a and_o of_o exquisite_a sense_n because_o it_o communicate_v the_o tactive_a virtue_n to_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o nerve_n and_o archangelus_n say_v it_o be_v the_o very_a instrument_n of_o touch_v this_o nature_n place_v between_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o dura_fw-la meninx_n lest_o the_o brain_n say_v galen_n in_o his_o 8._o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n and_o the_o 9_o chapter_n shall_v be_v offend_v by_o so_o hard_a a_o nature_n the_o counsel_n of_o nature_n neighbour_n for_o even_o as_o say_v plato_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o fire_n because_o their_o nature_n be_v very_o contrary_a god_n interpose_v the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n so_o galen_n say_v that_o nature_n betwixt_o the_o brayn_n and_o the_o skull_n which_o be_v part_n of_o very_o different_a substance_n have_v place_v these_o 2._o membrane_n or_o minninge_n for_o it_o there_o have_v be_v none_o but_o this_o thin_a pia_fw-la mater_fw-la it_o can_v not_o have_v agree_v with_o the_o skull_n without_o offence_n if_o there_o have_v be_v none_o but_o the_o dura_fw-la meninx_n yet_o the_o brain_n will_v have_v be_v therewith_o offend_v that_o therefore_o neither_o the_o brain_n nor_o his_o cover_n shall_v endure_v any_o uncouth_a violence_n nature_n have_v immediate_o cover_v the_o brain_n with_o this_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la and_o then_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la have_v she_o compass_v with_o the_o thick_a for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o thick_a be_v soft_a than_o the_o bone_n by_o so_o much_o be_v the_o brain_n soft_a than_o the_o thin_a if_o you_o will_v know_v what_o distance_n there_o be_v between_o these_o two_o membrane_n you_o must_v make_v a_o little_a hole_n in_o the_o thick_a and_o then_o put_v a_o hollow_a bugle_n to_o it_o and_o blow_v it_o and_o you_o shall_v perceive_v that_o the_o distance_n between_o they_o will_v contain_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o air_n by_o which_o you_o may_v imagine_v how_o far_o they_o be_v sever_v when_o the_o man_n be_v alive_a this_o membrane_n do_v not_o only_o clean_a close_o to_o the_o brain_n and_o cover_v it_o immediate_o as_o it_o the_o progress_n of_o it_o his_o natural_a coat_n as_o a_o mother_n embrace_v her_o infant_n whence_o platerus_n think_v it_o be_v call_v pia_fw-la mater_fw-la lest_o the_o soft_a and_o moist_a substance_n thereof_o shall_v be_v sever_v by_o the_o continual_a motion_n wherewith_o it_o be_v wrought_v up_o and_o down_o for_o we_o perceive_v that_o the_o brain_n will_v easy_o run_v abroad_o when_o it_o be_v take_v away_o but_o also_o it_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o extend_v itself_o unto_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o his_o ventricle_n say_v galen_n in_o his_o 8._o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n and_o the_o 8._o chapter_n line_v they_o round_o within_o the_o vulgar_a anatomist_n say_v laurentius_n think_v that_o it_o pass_v into_o the_o ventricle_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o brayn_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o it_o ascend_v from_o below_o where_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la or_o tunnel_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v situate_a and_o where_o those_o small_a artery_n derive_v from_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n call_v carotide_n do_v pass_v into_o the_o brain_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o wedgebone_n so_o that_o even_o in_o the_o bottom_n it_o meet_v without_o the_o skull_n it_o clothe_v the_o marrow_n of_o the_o back_n and_o the_o nerve_n the_o bone_n also_o say_v archangelus_n do_v seem_v to_o be_v cover_v with_o this_o thin_a membrane_n which_o now_o archangelus_n archangelus_n have_v with_o his_o use_n change_v his_o name_n be_v call_v periostium_fw-la but_o how_o it_o make_v the_o infundibulum_fw-la or_o tunnell_n call_v also_o peluis_fw-la the_o basin_n and_o how_o it_o invest_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o phlegme-glandule_a we_o shall_v declare_v afterward_o the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v to_o cover_v and_o establish_v the_o brain_n the_o afterbrain_n the_o marrow_n of_o the_o spin_v and_o the_o nerve_n as_o also_o all_o the_o vessel_n which_o run_v through_o it_o it_o knit_v together_o mater_fw-la the_o use_n of_o the_o pia_fw-it mater_fw-la so_o that_o they_o be_v more_o safe_o and_o commodious_o distribute_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o through_o all_o his_o part_n add_v hereto_o that_o which_o archangelus_n determine_v in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o anatomy_n that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o exquisite_a and_o proper_a instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v chap._n viii_o of_o the_o vessel_n disseminated_a through_o the_o brain_n the_o vessel_n disseminated_a through_o the_o brain_n be_v vein_n and_o artery_n and_o those_o sinus_n or_o canalle_n whereof_o we_o entreat_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a chapter_n
or_o apprehend_v colour_n only_o as_o the_o eye_n savour_v only_o as_o the_o tongue_n &c_n &c_n but_o it_o be_v a_o common_a instrument_n of_o sensation_n discern_v colour_n savour_n smell_n sound_n and_o tactile_a quality_n and_o in_o a_o word_n all_o sensible_a object_n wherefore_o the_o brain_n feel_v universal_o whatsoever_o be_v offer_v unto_o it_o not_o with_o choice_n as_o the_o eye_n which_o receive_v not_o the_o sound_n but_o only_o his_o own_o object_n and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o the_o natural_a sense_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v none_o at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o so_o weak_a and_o dull_a as_o it_o be_v hardly_o perceive_v for_o in_o his_o substance_n there_o be_v rather_o a_o faculty_n of_o touch_v then_o a_o instrument_n of_o touch._n fernelius_n think_v that_o all_o motion_n be_v from_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o all_o sense_n from_o this_o fernelius_n his_o philosophy_n about_o this_o his_o membrane_n because_o the_o body_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v perpetual_o move_v but_o have_v no_o feel_n at_o all_o on_o the_o other_o side_n his_o membrane_n be_v of_o themselves_o immovable_a especial_o the_o dura_n mater_fw-la but_o feel_v very_o exact_o so_o in_o the_o lethargy_n or_o frenzy_n which_o be_v disease_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n there_o be_v no_o pain_n at_o all_o but_o if_o a_o sharp_a vapour_n or_o humour_n be_v raise_v up_o unto_o the_o meninge_n then_o grievous_a pain_n follow_v moreover_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o all_o the_o nerve_n have_v their_o marrow_n from_o the_o brain_n &_o that_o cover_v with_o the_o meninge_n all_o which_o have_v the_o same_o and_o no_o other_o power_n or_o faculty_n then_o what_o they_o receive_v from_o their_o original_n wherefore_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o sense_n the_o hinder_a part_n of_o motion_n but_o of_o touch_v the_o meninge_n or_o membrane_n be_v the_o original_n those_o nerve_n which_o be_v full_a of_o marrow_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o motion_n of_o touch_v those_o who_o great_a part_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o meninge_n and_o this_o be_v fernelius_n his_o philosophy_n concern_v this_o point_n but_o how_o consonant_n to_o reason_n we_o shall_v see_v afterward_o concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o brain_n great_a difference_n there_o be_v among_o author_n galen_n in_o his_o 8._o book_n of_o the_o use_n of_o part_n and_o the_o second_o chapter_n say_v it_o have_v perpetual_a motion_n brain_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o brain_n vesalius_n deny_v it_o answer_v his_o argument_n &_o add_v that_o he_o can_v never_o perceive_v any_o such_o galen_n vesalius_n against_o galen_n motion_n either_o in_o great_a wound_n of_o the_o head_n or_o which_o be_v more_o in_o his_o dissection_n of_o live_a creature_n fallopius_n halt_v in_o this_o point_n he_o say_v it_o but_o he_o dare_v not_o avouch_v it_o platerus_n think_v that_o those_o that_o say_v it_o move_v mistake_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o brain_n for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o three_o sinus_n which_o beat_v like_o a_o artery_n columbus_n archangelus_n and_o laurentius_n do_v all_o consent_n that_o it_o move_v continual_o and_o instance_n in_o wound_n of_o the_o head_n laurentius_n laurentius_n laurentius_n be_v so_o confident_a that_o he_o say_v he_o be_v a_o mad_a man_n and_o want_n his_o sense_n that_o will_v deny_v it_o to_o resolve_v upon_o somewhat_o among_o so_o many_o opinion_n we_o think_v that_o the_o brain_n be_v not_o move_v by_o any_o animal_n or_o voluntary_a motion_n but_o by_o a_o natural_a and_o that_o double_a one_o proper_a of_o his_o own_o another_o from_o the_o artery_n albeit_o this_o last_o archangelus_n do_v deny_v because_o those_o of_o what_o we_o resolve_v of_o artery_n that_o run_v above_o be_v too_o small_a but_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o brain_n much_o less_o yet_o it_o give_v the_o power_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n to_o other_o part_n this_o motion_n be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o the_o brain_n for_o the_o generation_n nourishment_n and_o expurgation_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n for_o it_o be_v dilate_v and_o again_o constringed_a as_o may_v be_v see_v motion_n the_o use_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o wound_n of_o the_o head_n where_o a_o notable_a part_n of_o the_o scull_n be_v take_v away_o as_o also_o of_o the_o membrane_n say_v bauhine_v and_o in_o child_n new_a bear_v in_o the_o mould_n the_o brain_n be_v so_o manifest_o discern_v how_o the_o motion_n be_v discern_v see_v to_o beat_v and_o pant_v that_o even_o the_o bone_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v very_o soft_a be_v move_v therewith_o when_o it_o be_v dilate_v it_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o sinus_n of_o the_o dura_fw-la mater_fw-la some_o say_v out_o of_o the_o wonderful_a net_n or_o web_n of_o the_o soporarte_n artery_n vital_a spirit_n and_o air_n by_o the_o nostril_n for_o the_o restauration_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n &_o when_o it_o contract_v itself_o it_o drive_v out_o the_o animal_n spirit_n labour_v in_o his_o substance_n through_o the_o nerve_n as_o through_o spirit_n the_o animal_n spirit_n pipe_n and_o canal_n into_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n or_o as_o archangelus_n have_v it_o out_o of_o the_o foreward_n ventricle_n be_v contract_v into_o the_o three_o and_o four_o and_o so_o into_o the_o organ_n aforesaid_a which_o spirit_n when_o they_o arrive_v in_o the_o particular_a part_n they_o nourish_v the_o animal_n spirit_n breed_v and_o fix_v in_o those_o part_n for_o the_o animal_n spirit_n flow_v through_o the_o nerve_n into_o all_o the_o part_n not_o only_o to_o be_v the_o convayer_n of_o the_o sensative_a and_o move_a soul_n but_o also_o to_o give_v nourishment_n to_o the_o animal_n spirit_n fix_v in_o the_o part_n and_o this_o spirit_n be_v the_o medium_n or_o mean_a by_o which_o the_o sensative_a soul_n and_o all_o his_o faculty_n which_o be_v incorporeal_a be_v join_v with_o the_o body_n the_o outward_a part_n because_o their_o instrument_n be_v far_o off_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o nerve_n as_o it_o be_v channel_n through_o which_o the_o animal_n spirit_n accompany_v by_o the_o vital_a as_o it_o be_v by_o guide_n may_v be_v convey_v but_o the_o inward_a part_n because_o their_o instrument_n be_v near_o and_o at_o hand_n need_v no_o nerve_n but_o receive_v the_o same_o by_o blind_a and_o invisible_a byway_n yet_o guide_v by_o the_o same_o vital_a spirit_n we_o have_v also_o say_v that_o at_o the_o entrance_n into_o and_o at_o the_o out-gate_n from_o the_o heart_n there_o be_v archangelus_n a_o witty_a conceit_n of_o archangelus_n certain_a value_v or_o floodgate_n set_v and_o their_o use_n we_o have_v allot_v now_o archangelus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o buttock_n and_o pine-glandule_a of_o the_o brain_n do_v here_o the_o same_o office_n that_o the_o value_n do_v in_o the_o heart_n for_o say_v he_o in_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o way_n out_o of_o the_o three_o ventricle_n into_o the_o four_o close_v itself_o and_o beside_o be_v shut_v up_o by_o the_o glandule_n fall_v between_o the_o buttock_n that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o spirit_n can_v return_v out_o of_o the_o four_o ventricle_n into_o the_o three_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o contraction_n the_o glandule_n be_v lift_v up_o and_o the_o buttock_n be_v divide_v and_o so_o away_o be_v make_v for_o the_o animal_n spirit_n to_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o three_o ventricle_n into_o the_o four_o concern_v the_o generation_n of_o animal_n spirit_n there_o be_v diverse_a opinion_n especial_o spirit_n diverse_a opinion_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n seven_o one_o of_o galen_n another_o of_o vesalius_n a_o three_o of_o columbus_n a_o four_o of_o argenterius_n a_o five_o of_o archangelus_n a_o sixth_o of_o laurentius_n and_o a_o seave_v of_o varolius_n to_o which_o bauhine_n our_o author_n subscribe_v galens_n opinion_n be_v that_o they_o be_v make_v of_o the_o vital_a spirit_n bring_v by_o the_o soporarie_a artery_n galens_n galens_n and_o of_o air_n breathe_v in_o marry_o as_o for_o the_o place_n of_o their_o generation_n he_o seem_v to_o be_v altogether_o uncertain_a for_o sometime_o he_o assign_v the_o plexus_fw-la choroide_v sometime_o the_o ventricle_n sometime_o the_o substance_n and_o body_n of_o the_o brain_n vesalius_n say_v they_o be_v labour_v in_o the_o right_n and_o left_a ventricle_n by_o a_o power_n and_o efficacy_n vesalius_n vesalius_n receive_v from_o the_o brain_n and_o have_v for_o their_o matter_n vital_a spirit_n from_o the_o heart_n &_o air_n draw_v in_o by_o inspiration_n ascend_v through_o the_o three_o ventricle_n columbus_n say_v they_o be_v make_v of_o air_n draw_v by_o the_o nostril_n and_o alter_v in_o the_o cavity_n columbus_n columbus_n of_o the_o forehead_n bone_n and_o the_o wedgebone_n and_o carry_v through_o
conceptacle_n or_o receptacle_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n as_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o ventricle_n the_o use_n of_o the_o ventricle_n vital_a spirit_n but_o although_o we_o will_v not_o deny_v that_o there_o may_v be_v many_o use_n assign_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o part_n and_o therefore_o galen_n in_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o his_o eight_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o upper_a ventricle_n do_v serve_v for_o the_o preparation_n of_o the_o spirit_n &_o galen_n galen_n also_o for_o the_o expurgation_n of_o superfluity_n yet_o we_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o these_o ventricle_n be_v the_o receptacle_n phlegm_n that_o the_o ventricle_n receive_v the_o phlegm_n of_o the_o phlegmatic_a humour_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o brain_n which_o through_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la or_o tunnel_n be_v convey_v to_o the_o phlegmatic_a glandule_n and_o so_o purge_v away_o for_o the_o ventricle_n have_v not_o where_o any_o outlet_n but_o only_o at_o the_o tunnell_n but_o for_o the_o animal_n spirit_n we_o think_v that_o they_o be_v disseminated_a through_o the_o whole_a substance_n both_o of_o the_o brain_n &_o of_o the_o afterbrain_n and_o this_o we_o show_v first_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o hypocrates_n who_o when_o he_o have_v reason_n hypocrates_n his_o first_o reason_n deliver_v that_o man_n consist_v of_o four_o humour_n and_o do_v assign_v to_o every_o one_o their_o proper_a place_n he_o say_v that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o of_o the_o blood_n be_v in_o the_o hart_n of_o yellow_a choler_n in_o the_o liver_n of_o black_a in_o the_o spleen_n and_o if_o the_o place_n of_o phlegm_n be_v in_o the_o brain_n there_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v a_o cavity_n which_o may_v contain_v it_o such_o as_o be_v the_o ventricle_n in_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o bladder_n of_o gall_n in_o the_o liver_n now_o beside_o these_o two_o ventricle_n there_o be_v in_o the_o brain_n no_o cavity_n at_o all_o second_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o general_a use_n of_o glandule_n which_o be_v to_o suck_v up_o and_o consume_v superfluous_a humidity_n whereas_o therefore_o in_o these_o ventricle_n there_o be_v glandule_n find_v in_o reason_n 2._o reason_n that_o complication_n or_o web_n of_o vessel_n therein_o dispose_v it_o follow_v that_o phlegm_n be_v therein_o gather_v which_o distil_v out_o of_o that_o textute_n or_o web_n into_o the_o ventricle_n and_o there_o be_v heap_v together_o for_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o consume_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n otherwise_o both_o the_o glandule_n shall_v be_v in_o vain_a add_v by_o nature_n and_o their_o use_n and_o commodity_n assign_v by_o hypocrates_n shall_v be_v idle_a and_o of_o no_o use_n furthermore_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o man_n that_o the_o phlegm_n do_v distil_v from_o the_o reason_n 3._o reason_n brain_n through_o the_o tunnell_n unto_o the_o pallet_n now_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o tunnell_n be_v in_o the_o ventricle_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o passage_n from_o any_o part_n of_o the_o brain_n unto_o the_o tunnell_n unless_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o say_a ventricle_n four_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o a_o argument_n take_v from_o necessity_n because_o this_o phlegmatic_a reason_n 4._o reason_n excrement_n do_v require_v great_a and_o large_a cavity_n for_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o convenient_a place_n wherein_o a_o notable_a quantity_n thereof_o may_v be_v stable_v or_o heap_v together_o we_o shall_v have_v be_v trouble_v with_o continual_a spit_v and_o spawling_z even_o as_o they_o in_o who_o bladder_n the_o urine_n be_v not_o collect_v and_o retain_v do_v continual_o avoid_v their_o water_n by_o drisling_a or_o drop_n and_o so_o our_o speech_n and_o other_o noble_a action_n interrupt_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o sleep_v a_o sense_n many_o instance_n from_o our_o sense_n great_a quantity_n of_o this_o phelgme_n be_v collect_v after_o we_o awake_v we_o avoid_v it_o plentiful_o in_o a_o short_a time_n now_o this_o quantity_n because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o den_n or_o hollow_a cavity_n of_o the_o nose_n behoove_v to_o have_v some_o other_o receptacle_n in_o the_o brain_n wherein_o it_o may_v be_v reserve_v till_o convenient_a time_n of_o evacuation_n we_o do_v also_o sensible_o perceive_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v desirous_a to_o spit_v and_o therefore_o suck_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o his_o pallate_n he_o shall_v gather_v great_a quantity_n of_o this_o phlegmatic_a excrement_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o his_o mouth_n and_o thence_o spit_v it_o forth_o but_o if_o he_o again_o instant_o strive_v to_o spit_v he_o shall_v avoid_v a_o less_o quantity_n and_o so_o less_o and_o less_o till_o by_o suck_v he_o can_v gather_v no_o more_o spittle_n but_o after_o a_o short_a interim_n or_o interposition_n of_o time_n the_o excrement_n will_v again_o fall_v into_o his_o mouth_n which_o be_v a_o most_o evident_a sign_n that_o this_o matter_n be_v in_o some_o notable_a quantity_n colect_v or_o gather_v together_o before_o it_o be_v avoid_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o urine_n &_o the_o excrement_n of_o the_o belly_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o these_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricle_n do_v receyve_v the_o foresay_a excrement_n because_o those_o glandulous_a complication_n do_v enter_v into_o they_o and_o out_o of_o conclude_v what_o we_o conclude_v they_o only_o be_v the_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o moisture_n be_v avoid_v mercurialis_n oppose_v on_o this_o manner_n how_o may_v it_o be_v that_o so_o thick_a cold_a and_o obscure_a or_o dull_a a_o humour_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o spirit_n shall_v be_v collect_v in_o that_o place_n where_o the_o spirit_n objection_n mercurialis_n his_o objection_n themselves_o which_o be_v pure_a and_o subtle_a body_n be_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o oven_n bake_v &_o perfect_v moreover_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o apoplexy_n epilepsy_n or_o fall_v sickness_n and_o the_o incubus_n or_o nightmare_n be_v by_o all_o physician_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v when_o as_o phlegm_n or_o melancholy_n or_o crass_a and_o thick_a wind_n be_v retain_v in_o the_o ventricles_n which_o stop_v they_o up_o either_o whole_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v strangle_v the_o spirit_n therein_o contain_v which_o as_o galen_n say_v in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la affectis_fw-la hip._n signify_v in_o dark_a and_o obscure_a word_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o section_n of_o the_o sixth_o book_n epidemiωn_o where_o he_o write_v that_o the_o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n disease_n call_v melancholia_fw-la happen_v when_o the_o humour_n fall_v into_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o epilepsy_n when_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o brain_n plato_n also_o consent_v with_o hypocrates_n in_o timaeo_n where_o he_o write_v that_o the_o fall_v sickness_n happen_v when_o phlegm_n mingle_v with_o melancholy_n enter_v into_o the_o divine_a cavity_n plato_n plato_n of_o the_o brain_n varolius_n make_v answer_v on_o this_o manner_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o apoplexy_n mercurialis_n varolius_n his_o answer_n to_o mercurialis_n epilepsy_n and_o incubus_n although_o i_o sometime_o read_v in_o hypocrates_n as_o in_o the_o nine_o text_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr glandulis_fw-la that_o the_o apoplexy_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o corrosion_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o in_o the_o nineteenth_o and_o twentieth_o text_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr flatibus_fw-la that_o the_o epilepsy_n be_v cause_v when_o the_o blood_n be_v disquiet_v and_o defile_v in_o all_o the_o vein_n as_o also_o when_o galen_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o apoplexy_n hypocrates_n galen_n the_o same_o vein_n be_v obstruct_v and_o that_o i_o read_v in_o galen_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la affectis_fw-la that_o he_o doubt_v whether_o the_o epilepsy_n be_v make_v by_o a_o obstruction_n of_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n or_o of_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n and_o therefore_o that_o i_o willing_o grant_v that_o these_o disease_n may_v have_v these_o cause_n yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o it_o will_v not_o abhor_v from_o reason_n to_o think_v that_o the_o ventricles_n though_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v contain_v in_o they_o be_v sometime_o so_o fulfil_v with_o a_o viscid_a humour_n or_o thick_a wind_n that_o the_o opinion_n do_v not_o contradict_v varolius_n opinion_n first_o root_n of_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n may_v be_v compress_v by_o the_o abundance_n thereof_o so_o that_o the_o transportation_n and_o affluence_n of_o the_o spirit_n thereunto_o may_v be_v interrupt_v and_o intercept_v and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a body_n deprive_v of_o sense_n and_o motion_n like_a as_o the_o bladder_n in_o the_o suppression_n of_o the_o urine_n be_v beyond_o measure_n distend_v lie_v hard_o upon_o satisfaction_n another_o satisfaction_n the_o gut_n the_o avoid_n of_o the_o excrement_n be_v hinder_v and_o
basis_n of_o the_o brain_n with_o this_o air_n the_o spirit_n be_v nourish_v and_o therefore_o galen_n acknowledge_v a_o double_a use_n of_o respiration_n to_o wit_n the_o conservation_n of_o natural_a heat_n and_o the_o nutrition_n or_o generation_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n now_o if_o the_o passage_n of_o these_o two_o matter_n to_o the_o brain_n be_v intercept_v then_o will_v there_o be_v no_o generation_n of_o animal_n spirit_n if_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n be_v bind_v a_o apoplexy_n ensue_v if_o respiration_n be_v prohibit_v the_o creature_n die_v instant_o and_o be_v deprive_v of_o sense_n and_o motion_n galen_n concern_v this_o point_n seem_v to_o differ_v from_o himself_o but_o we_o will_v reconcile_v those_o different_a place_n well_o enough_o in_o the_o 5._o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la respirationis_fw-la he_o say_v that_o in_o a_o live_a creature_n he_o tie_v the_o sleepy_a artery_n and_o yet_o the_o creature_n perish_v not_o therefore_o it_o follow_v his_o animal_n spirit_n be_v nourish_v only_o with_o air_n not_o with_o the_o vital_a spirit_n in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o 9_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la he_o write_v reconcile_v certain_a place_n of_o galen_n concern_v the_o animal_n spirit_n reconcile_v that_o the_o animal_n spirit_n may_v be_v cherish_v and_o sustain_v with_o the_o vital_a convey_v by_o the_o artery_n and_o make_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o the_o air_n we_o answer_v that_o the_o animal_n spirit_n may_v be_v for_o a_o little_a time_n sustain_v if_o it_o be_v deprive_v of_o either_o of_o his_o aliment_n for_o there_o be_v store_v up_o a_o supply_n against_o time_n of_o need_n in_o those_o two_o complication_n or_o texture_n call_v plexus_fw-la choroide_v &_o rete_fw-la mirabile_fw-la but_o long_o that_o supply_n will_v not_o maintain_v they_o the_o preparation_n of_o this_o spirit_n be_v make_v in_o those_o labyrinth_n of_o the_o small_a artery_n their_o prepare_v where_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v prepare_v coction_n or_o elaboration_n as_o some_o think_v in_o the_o ventricle_n and_o final_o their_o distribution_n into_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o into_o the_o sinew_n they_o therefore_o be_v in_o a_o error_n who_o do_v conceive_v that_o this_o spirit_n attain_v his_o proper_a form_n and_o specifical_a difference_n in_o those_o texture_n for_o all_o the_o complication_n of_o vessel_n as_o well_o in_o the_o brain_n as_o in_o the_o testicle_n and_o other_o part_n be_v ordain_v only_o for_o preparation_n but_o the_o form_n and_o difference_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o part_n both_o to_o the_o aliment_n and_o to_o the_o spirit_n wherefore_o we_o conclude_v that_o in_o those_o complication_n the_o spirit_n be_v prepare_v that_o in_o the_o ventricle_n they_o be_v boil_a and_o labour_v but_o receive_v their_o uttermost_a perfection_n in_o the_o perfect_v where_o labour_v and_o perfect_v substance_n of_o the_o brain_n qvest._n viii_o argenterius_n his_o opinion_n concern_v the_o animal_n spirit_n confute_v argenterius_fw-la a_o acute_a scholar_n indeed_o but_o who_o pen_n especial_o against_o galem_fw-la yield_v too_o much_o gall_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr somno_fw-la et_fw-la vigilia_fw-la and_o in_o his_o commentary_n in_o artem_fw-la medicinalem_fw-la avouch_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o spirit_n &_o that_o vital_a neither_o will_v he_o be_v bring_v to_o admit_v any_o animal_n spirit_n at_o all_o and_o first_o as_o his_o custom_n be_v he_o inveigh_v bitter_o against_o his_o master_n galen_n accuse_v he_o sometime_o of_o levity_n and_o inconstancy_n sometime_o of_o ignorance_n of_o inconstancy_n inconstancy_n argenterius_n accuse_v galen_n of_o inconstancy_n in_o his_o assignation_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o place_n of_o generation_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n in_o the_o matter_n because_o sometime_o he_o write_v that_o it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o air_n we_o breathe_v in_o sometime_o of_o the_o vital_a spirit_n sometime_o of_o blood_n in_o the_o place_n of_o generation_n because_o he_o assign_v it_o sometime_o to_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o texture_n or_o complication_n of_o the_o brain_n sometime_o in_o the_o forward_a ventricle_n sometime_o in_o the_o backward_a sometime_o that_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o body_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n but_o argenterius_n wit_n be_v to_o nimble_a to_o fasten_v upon_o the_o depth_n of_o galens_n judgement_n which_o if_o he_o have_v well_o attend_v he_o shall_v not_o have_v find_v repugnancy_n in_o he_o for_o the_o most_o remote_a meaning_n he_o understand_v not_o galens_n meaning_n matter_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v blood_n the_o near_a matter_n be_v vital_a spirit_n the_o near_a of_o all_o be_v air_n inspire_v or_o breathe_v through_o the_o mammillary_a process_n &_o convaigh_v not_o into_o the_o texture_n but_o into_o the_o upper_a ventricle_n and_o as_o the_o matter_n so_o also_o the_o place_n of_o their_o generation_n be_v manifold_a for_o they_o be_v prepare_v in_o the_o texture_n &_o upper_a ventricle_n boil_a in_o the_o three_o and_o perfect_v in_o the_o four_o or_o in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n final_o they_o be_v diffuse_v into_o the_o nerve_n and_o from_o they_o convey_v into_o the_o body_n he_o accuse_v galen_n of_o ignorance_n because_o from_o the_o net-like_a texture_n he_o gather_v that_o there_o be_v a_o animal_n spirit_n because_o say_v argenterius_n neither_o be_v that_o texture_n conspicuous_a in_o a_o ignorance_n galen_n accuse_v of_o ignorance_n man_n neither_o be_v there_o always_o require_v a_o complication_n of_o vessel_n where_o there_o be_v any_o spirit_n generate_v for_o in_o the_o heart_n where_o the_o vital_a spirit_n be_v abundant_o generate_v there_o be_v no_o such_o admirable_a web_n of_o vessel_n but_o argenterius_n be_v so_o heady_o transport_v with_o a_o desire_n of_o contradiction_n that_o he_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o tenor_n of_o galens_n argument_n for_o he_o never_o conclude_v that_o therefore_o there_o defend_v but_o defend_v be_v a_o animal_n spirit_n because_o in_o the_o brain_n the_o vessel_n be_v entangle_v and_o interbrayd_v one_o with_o another_o but_o he_o say_v that_o this_o spirit_n be_v irrigate_v or_o water_v &_o nourish_v by_o that_o which_o that_o net-like_a web_n suppli_v unto_o it_o as_o we_o have_v read_v in_o the_o 5._o chapter_n of_o the_o 12_o book_n of_o his_o method_n and_o in_o his_o 7._o book_n de_fw-la placitis_fw-la hip._n et_fw-fr plat._n and_o the_o three_o chapter_n but_o let_v we_o yield_v that_o galen_n mean_v as_o argenterius_n understand_v he_o shall_v we_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o he_o have_v write_v absurd_o nature_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o create_v any_o such_o texture_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o a_o new_a elaboration_n but_o in_o the_o brain_n there_o appear_v a_o notable_a texture_n which_o we_o call_v choroide_v therefore_o in_o the_o brain_n there_o be_v a_o preparation_n of_o a_o new_a spirit_n argenterius_n will_v object_v that_o in_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o vital_a spirit_n be_v generate_v and_o objection_n objection_n yet_o in_o the_o heart_n there_o be_v no_o complication_n of_o vessel_n we_o answer_v that_o such_o laberynth_n be_v not_o necessary_a in_o the_o heart_n because_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o vital_a spirit_n be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o the_o animal_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v a_o great_a answer_n answer_n proportion_n of_o they_o require_v then_o can_v be_v confect_v in_o so_o narrow_a vessel_n for_o the_o animal_n function_n be_v not_o perpctuall_a and_o beside_o when_o a_o man_n sleep_v they_o be_v also_o at_o rest_n but_o the_o vital_a the_o sound_a we_o sleep_v the_o strong_a they_o be_v furthermore_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o creature_n have_v not_o sense_n as_o bone_n gristle_n and_o ligament_n yet_o all_o of_o they_o do_v live_v wherefore_o because_o there_o be_v a_o great_a exhaustion_n of_o vital_a spirit_n there_o restauration_n must_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v sudden_a and_o plentiful_a add_v hereto_o that_o the_o vital_a spirit_n do_v not_o only_o serve_v for_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o the_o vital_a function_n but_o also_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o their_o generation_n shall_v be_v in_o great_a abundance_n which_o can_v be_v accomplish_v in_o small_a artery_n and_o narrow_a caulty_n final_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v the_o hot_a of_o all_o the_o bowel_n do_v sudden_o boil_v &_o generate_v spirit_n albeit_o there_o be_v not_o so_o precise_a a_o contaction_n in_o all_o the_o part_n which_o thing_n the_o brain_n be_v far_o cold_a can_v perform_v and_o therefore_o in_o the_o brain_n there_o be_v great_a use_n and_o necessity_n of_o complication_n of_o vessel_n and_o not_o in_o the_o hart_n argenterius_n proceed_v to_o goad_n galen_n farthet_n why_o be_v
together_o with_o the_o trochlea_n which_o be_v in_o the_o inner_a angle_n and_o so_o demonstrate_v what_o you_o please_v and_o thus_o much_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n now_o we_o proceed_v unto_o their_o vessel_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o eye_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o which_o we_o entreat_v precise_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n in_o their_o history_n we_o will_v also_o handle_v their_o vessel_n more_o district_o in_o this_o place_n and_o pass_v they_o over_o more_o light_o in_o the_o book_n of_o vessel_n vein_n the_o vessel_n be_v hete_n full_o handle_v vein_n the_o vessel_n therefore_o which_o be_v send_v unto_o the_o eye_n be_v vein_n and_o artery_n to_o which_o be_v add_v nerve_n as_o be_v common_a organ_n no_o less_o than_o the_o other_o the_o vein_n which_o be_v send_v unto_o the_o eye_n proceed_v out_o of_o the_o iugular_a vein_n &_o lead_v blood_n for_o their_o nourishment_n the_o artery_n arise_v from_o the_o carotide_n or_o sleepy_a artery_n and_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o muscle_n to_o moderate_v the_o inward_a heat_n and_o to_o sustain_v their_o life_n through_o which_o muscle_n artery_n artery_n as_o also_o through_o the_o fat_a they_o be_v accompany_v with_o nerve_n and_o distribute_v through_o their_o membrane_n which_o be_v show_v in_o the_o three_o table_n the_o second_o and_o three_o figure_n at_o h_o the_o nerve_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n optici_fw-la and_o motorij_fw-la that_o be_v see_v and_o move_v they_o nerve_n nerve_n proceed_v out_o of_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n yet_o remain_v within_o the_o scull_n and_o make_v the_o spinall_a marrow_n the_o optic_a nerve_n tab_v 2._o fig._n 1_o and_o 3._o x._o fig._n 5._o λ._n tab_v 3._o fig._n 2._o 4._o 8._o α._fw-la which_o be_v call_v visorius_n or_o the_o nerve_n of_o sight_n be_v on_o each_o side_n one_o and_o these_o be_v among_o all_o the_o nerve_n of_o optic_a optic_a sense_n the_o large_a the_o thick_a the_o soft_a and_o galen_n also_o say_v the_o long_a in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o sixteenth_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la they_o be_v of_o a_o rare_a texture_n compass_v with_o both_o the_o meninge_n tab_v 3._o fig._n 2._o a_o b_o c._n they_o be_v the_o great_a and_o thick_a of_o all_o the_o sinew_n that_o thick_a why_o the_o great_a and_o thick_a so_o abundant_a faculty_n may_v be_v transport_v to_o the_o eye_n that_o it_o may_v soon_o have_v sense_n of_o the_o light_n and_o be_v manifold_a way_n affect_v they_o be_v very_o soft_a say_v galen_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o seven_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la that_o they_o may_v be_v soon_o affect_v because_o they_o be_v nerve_n of_o sense_n and_o of_o a_o sense_n so_o very_o necessary_a for_o all_o sense_n be_v perfect_v by_o receive_v and_o suffer_v they_o be_v soft_a than_o any_o other_o soft_a why_o soft_a because_o they_o be_v affect_v by_o the_o light_n alone_o which_o they_o receive_v also_o very_o much_o break_v they_o be_v the_o long_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o the_o way_n be_v long_o from_o their_o original_n to_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o eye_n their_o texture_n be_v rare_a and_o thin_a and_o therefore_o herophilus_n believe_v that_o they_o be_v perforate_v and_o galen_n thereupon_o call_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o meatus_fw-la visorios_fw-la for_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o his_o sixteen_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la he_o note_v out_o of_o herophilus_n herophilus_n galen_n out_o of_o herophilus_n that_o they_o be_v in_o their_o inside_n perforate_v all_o along_o their_o passage_n and_o that_o perforation_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v make_v so_o large_a by_o these_o galen_n think_v not_o only_o that_o the_o faculty_n of_o sense_n be_v transport_v but_o also_o the_o animal_n spirit_n in_o which_o the_o faculty_n be_v establish_v that_o so_o their_o sense_n may_v be_v more_o abundant_a and_o strong_a whereas_o through_o other_o nerve_n he_o conceive_v that_o the_o virtue_n or_o faculty_n only_o be_v carry_v as_o we_o may_v perceive_v in_o the_o 12._o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la unite_v where_o they_o be_v distinct_a where_o unite_v partium_fw-la and_o in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o seven_o book_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la these_o optic_a nerve_n in_o their_o end_n and_o in_o their_o original_n be_v distinct_a but_o at_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o progress_n above_o the_o saddle_n or_o seat_n of_o the_o wedge_n bone_n before_o they_o fall_v out_o of_o the_o skull_n become_v a_o little_o broad_a the_o right_n be_v unite_v with_o the_o left_a tab_v 21._o lib._n 7._o fig._n 1._o oh_o so_o that_o they_o make_v the_o form_n of_o the_o greekeχ_n not_o by_o cleave_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o or_o by_o intercussation_n or_o that_o one_o ride_v over_o the_o other_o but_o by_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a union_n and_o confusion_n of_o their_o marrow_n they_o be_v so_o join_v that_o one_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o other_o tab_v 21._o lib._n 7._o fig._n 1._o h_o for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a rare_a thing_n in_o anatomy_n to_o find_v they_o separate_v the_o use_n of_o this_o conjunction_n be_v partly_o that_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o sight_n of_o the_o eye_n may_v look_v upon_o the_o same_o plain_a lest_o otherwise_o the_o visible_a object_n shall_v appear_v double_a because_o conjunction_n the_o use_n of_o their_o conjunction_n the_o eye_n be_v double_a partly_o that_o the_o idea_n or_o form_n of_o visible_a thing_n may_v be_v unite_v and_o so_o the_o faculty_n of_o sight_n be_v common_a to_o both_o side_n because_o the_o visible_a spirit_n may_v pass_v from_o one_o eye_n to_o another_o in_o a_o moment_n for_o the_o more_o certainty_n of_o the_o sight_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v if_o we_o press_v or_o enforce_v one_o eye_n upward_o or_o downward_o for_o then_o all_o thing_n appear_v double_a wherefore_o as_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o the_o eye_n shall_v be_v pararel_n so_o also_o the_o nerve_n which_o because_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o eye_n may_v decline_v from_o the_o right_a line_n especial_o see_v the_o muscle_n do_v compass_v they_o and_o cleave_v unto_o they_o for_o when_o one_o muscle_n only_o whether_o be_v be_v the_o upper_a or_o the_o low_a be_v move_v the_o eye_n also_o be_v roll_v to_o one_o side_n and_o therefore_o nature_n have_v worthy_o join_v the_o optic_a nerve_n together_o that_o even_o in_o such_o motion_n the_o faculty_n may_v be_v whole_o convey_v to_o either_o side_n and_o this_o appear_v to_o be_v true_a because_o if_o you_o put_v your_o hand_n betwixt_o your_o eye_n along_o the_o length_n of_o your_o nose_n so_o that_o you_o can_v see_v the_o object_n you_o intend_v with_o both_o eye_n you_o shall_v perceive_v that_o you_o see_v more_o obscure_o on_o either_o side_n then_o if_o you_o look_v upon_o the_o object_n with_o one_o eye_n shut_v up_o for_o then_o the_o faculty_n which_o be_v before_o disperse_v unto_o both_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o add_v also_o this_o three_o profit_n of_o the_o conjunction_n that_o the_o soft_a nerve_n have_v a_o long_a way_n to_o go_v may_v thus_o be_v make_v strong_a and_o establish_v because_o nature_n can_v not_o sustain_v they_o with_o any_o tie_n or_o knot_n of_o membrane_n after_o their_o conjunction_n they_o be_v instant_o disjoin_v and_o each_o nerve_n issue_v through_o the_o proper_a hole_n which_o be_v frame_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o orb_n out_o of_o the_o scull_n tab._n 21._o lib._n 7._o fig._n 1._o above_o h._n and_o so_o the_o right_n attain_v to_o the_o right_n and_o the_o leave_v unto_o the_o left_a eye_n and_o there_o be_v implant_v in_o a_o man_n they_o be_v insert_v on_o the_o backside_n into_o the_o centre_n of_o horny_a coat_n see_v the_o three_o table_n fig._n 2._o 3._o 4._o 8._o because_o only_a man_n can_v look_v direct_o forward_a in_o brute_n beast_n as_o in_o ox_n and_o horse_n who_o eye_n be_v much_o far_o a_o sunder_o they_o attain_v by_o a_o line_n notable_o oblique_a unto_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o do_v not_o determine_v in_o the_o centre_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o eye_n of_o brute_n beast_n do_v see_v the_o earth_n on_o either_o side_n to_o direct_v their_o gate_n and_o to_o find_v out_o their_o nourishment_n these_o optic_a nerus_fw-la when_o they_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o eye_n be_v dilate_v say_v galen_n in_o the_o 1._o chap._n of_o his_o 10._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o like_o a_o membrane_n each_o of_o they_o in_o compass_v the_o glassy_a humour_n galen_n also_o add_v in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o they_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n nerve_n the_o use_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n the_o use_n
of_o these_o optic_a nerve_n be_v to_o lead_v the_o visible_a faculty_n from_o the_o brain_n which_o in_o the_o eye_n be_v gather_v unto_o the_o visible_a form_n where_o the_o nerve_n be_v dilate_v into_o the_o membrans_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n for_o if_o this_o nerve_n be_v obstruct_v as_o it_o be_v in_o that_o disease_n which_o the_o arabian_n call_v gutta_n serena_fw-la the_o clear_a drop_n the_o action_n of_o see_v be_v altogether_o take_v away_o or_o intercept_v serena_fw-la gutta_n serena_fw-la and_o so_o much_o concern_v the_o optic_a nerve_n the_o nerve_n of_o motion_n be_v on_o either_o side_n one_o which_o send_v a_o small_a surcle_n to_o each_o muscle_n by_o which_o it_o be_v move_v tab._n 2._o fig._n 3._o 4._o show_v this_o as_o he_o may_v perceive_v who_o diligent_o motion_n the_o nerve_n of_o motion_n shall_v separate_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o muscle_n from_o the_o nerve_n which_o also_o be_v spread_v abroad_o into_o the_o membrane_n these_o move_a muscle_n in_o their_o original_n be_v continual_a that_o be_v the_o right_n be_v join_v with_o the_o left_a whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o when_o one_o eye_n continual_a where_o they_o be_v continual_a be_v move_v the_o other_o also_o follow_v the_o same_o motion_n for_o they_o proceed_v joint_o out_o of_o one_o point_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n so_o that_o the_o same_o object_n and_o the_o same_o light_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n insinuate_v itself_o into_o either_o eye_n that_o the_o sense_n and_o discern_a may_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o this_o make_v much_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v not_o appear_v double_a which_o doubtless_o will_v happen_v if_o one_o eye_n may_v be_v move_v upward_o and_o the_o other_o downward_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o this_o be_v true_a you_o may_v easy_o learn_v if_o with_o your_o finger_n you_o either_o hereof_o demonstration_n hereof_o depress_v or_o lift_v up_o one_o of_o your_o eye_n for_o then_o all_o object_n will_v appear_v double_a one_o high_a another_o low_o but_o if_o you_o move_v your_o eye_n towards_o the_o side_n because_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o sight_n be_v in_o the_o same_o line_n the_o object_n will_v not_o seem_v double_a wherefore_o galen_n in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la write_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o visible_a cones_n must_v be_v place_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o plain_a lest_o that_o which_o be_v one_o do_v appear_v double_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o palsye_n and_o convulsion_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o patient_a often_o see_v double_a object_n because_o the_o eye_n do_v depart_v from_o the_o same_o plain_a so_o also_o when_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v either_o convel_v or_o relax_v the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o sight_n not_o be_v in_o the_o same_o line_n all_o thing_n appear_v double_a which_o also_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n happen_v oftentimes_o to_o man_n when_o they_o be_v drink_v from_o these_o instrument_n vein_n artery_n and_o nerve_n be_v derive_v unto_o the_o eye_n abundance_n of_o spirit_n natural_a vital_a and_o animal_n which_o be_v proper_o call_v visible_a spirit_n eye_n the_o spirit_n of_o the_o eye_n wherefore_o according_a to_o the_o plenty_n of_o the_o spirit_n contain_v in_o the_o eye_n their_o magnitude_n as_o also_o their_o splendour_n or_o brightness_n be_v great_a or_o less_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o man_n be_v near_o their_o death_n their_o eye_n become_v little_a languid_a &_o obscure_a as_o also_o those_o that_o do_v too_o much_o follow_v venerial_a combat_n have_v their_o eye_n small_a and_o extenuate_v so_o also_o we_o see_v that_o in_o live_a man_n the_o eye_n be_v full_a and_o turgid_a but_o when_o they_o be_v dead_a they_o become_v less_o as_o also_o lax_n and_o rugous_a for_o the_o presence_n and_o absence_n of_o the_o spirit_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o live_n and_o a_o dead_a eye_n again_o according_a to_o the_o diverse_a disposition_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o of_o the_o eye_n from_o they_o they_o diverse_a argument_n to_o prove_v there_o be_v spirit_n in_o they_o we_o be_v able_a by_o our_o sight_n to_o distinguish_v and_o judge_v oftentimes_o of_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v a_o clear_a argument_n and_o even_o liable_a to_o our_o sense_n that_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n which_o thing_n galen_n also_o in_o the_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la proove_v by_o a_o elegant_a and_o demonstrative_a argument_n for_o say_v he_o if_o upon_o the_o close_n of_o one_o eye_n you_o do_v attentivelie_o mark_v the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o sight_n of_o the_o other_o you_o shall_v perceyve_v it_o in_o a_o very_a moment_n to_o be_v dilate_v because_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n do_v fall_v into_o the_o grapie_a coat_n which_o we_o call_v vuea_n through_o that_o coat_n which_o be_v call_v reticularis_fw-la or_o the_o net_n where_o they_o dilate_v the_o hole_n of_o the_o vuea_n which_o hole_n be_v proper_o call_v pupilla_fw-la or_o the_o sight_n and_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n final_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n be_v hence_o convince_a because_o they_o be_v sometime_o obscure_a dull_a and_o languid_a or_o weak_a sometime_o bright_a or_o shine_a quick_a and_o apprehensive_a but_o least_o these_o spirit_n which_o be_v of_o a_o admirable_a fineness_n and_o subtiltye_n may_v exhale_v or_o evaporate_v they_o be_v keep_v in_o and_o retain_v by_o a_o thick_a sight_n and_o strong_a membrane_n which_o be_v call_v the_o horny_a coat_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o eye_n have_v declare_v the_o muscle_n &_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o eye_n &_o now_o remove_v they_o away_o the_o eye_n itself_o round_o like_o a_o bowl_n appear_v ta._n 2._o fig._n 3_o &_o 4._o ta._n 1._o fi_fw-la 2_o &_o 3_o which_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o world_n &_o a_o egg_n both_o for_o the_o figure_n &_o construction_n to_o a_o egg_n which_o consist_v of_o membrane_n the_o shell_n which_o be_v a_o indurated_a membrane_n &_o a_o thin_a membrane_n egg_n the_o eye_n compare_v to_o a_o egg_n under_o it_o &_o humour_n the_o white_a &_o the_o yolk_n so_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n have_v membrane_n &_o humour_n membrane_n that_o be_v of_o a_o watery_a nature_n it_o may_v better_o be_v contain_v in_o his_o position_n and_o the_o humour_n by_o they_o encompass_v which_o membrane_n have_v need_v to_o have_v a_o more_o solid_a substance_n beside_o they_o be_v a_o great_a furtherance_n to_o the_o sight_n humour_n only_o for_o the_o sight_n concern_v the_o number_n of_o the_o membrane_n the_o author_n be_v at_o great_a difference_n hypocrates_n eye_n the_o membrane_n of_o the_o eye_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la in_o homine_fw-la acknowledge_v but_o three_o the_o uppermost_a thick_a the_o middlemost_a thin_a and_o the_o three_o thin_a of_o all_o which_o contain_v the_o humour_n but_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carn_n he_o say_v they_o be_v many_o the_o late_a grecian_n reckon_v four_o siluius_n five_o vesalius_n six_o galen_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la part_n seven_o unto_o who_o fuchsius_n &_o aquapendens_fw-la do_v consent_n we_o will_v divide_v they_o into_o two_o kind_n some_o be_v common_a to_o the_o whole_a eye_n some_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o humour_n the_o common_a membrane_n be_v the_o author_n their_o number_n very_o diverse_a according_a to_o author_n cornea_n and_o the_o vuea_n the_o horny_a and_o the_o grapie_a coat_n the_o proper_a membrane_n be_v the_o cristaline_a and_o the_o glassye_a but_o whereas_o there_o be_v common_o reckon_v seven_o adnata_fw-la cornea_n dura_n vuea_n choroide_n aranea_fw-la and_o retina_fw-la whereto_o some_o have_v add_v those_o which_o be_v call_v vitrea_fw-la and_o innominata_fw-la we_o will_v run_v through_o they_o all_o after_o our_o anatomical_a order_n the_o first_o be_v call_v adnata_fw-la which_o be_v the_o seven_o according_a to_o galen_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n adnata_fw-la first_o adnata_fw-la of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la so_o call_v as_o it_o be_v nata_fw-la circa_fw-la oculum_fw-la breed_v about_o the_o eye_n galen_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o cleave_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o other_o membrane_n of_o the_o eye_n whereupon_o it_o be_v also_o call_v adherens_fw-la or_o the_o cleave_v membrane_n this_o be_v the_o utmost_a aquapendens_fw-la suppose_v that_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o periostium_fw-la &_o tendon_n or_o chord_n of_o the_o muscle_n it_o first_o offer_v itself_o before_o dissection_n together_o with_o the_o transparent_a part_n of_o the_o horny_a membrane_n
hole_n that_o go_v out_o of_o the_o nostril_n into_o the_o mouth_n through_o which_o we_o breathe_v when_o we_o be_v asleep_a &_o our_o mouth_n shut_v uppe_o the_o second_o use_n of_o the_o outward_a nose_n be_v to_o serve_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_a hypocrates_n de_fw-fr carn_n say_v the_o moist_a brain_n smell_v the_o odour_n of_o dry_a thing_n draw_v they_o together_o with_o the_o air_n through_o gristly_a body_n for_o the_o nose_n lead_v the_o air_n inform_v as_o it_o be_v with_o the_o form_n of_o odour_n through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o spongy_a bone_n to_o the_o mammillary_a process_n as_o unto_o the_o principal_a organ_n of_o smell_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o brain_n for_o if_o a_o man_n nose_n be_v cut_v off_o at_o the_o root_n either_o he_o can_v smell_v at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o but_o imperfect_o the_o three_o use_n be_v that_o through_o it_o the_o excrement_n of_o the_o brain_n may_v distil_v or_o by_o a_o vehement_a efflation_n be_v blow_v out_o and_o these_o two_o last_o use_v galen_n express_v excellentlie_o in_o galen_n galen_n the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o eight_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la on_o this_o manner_n from_o within_o outward_a be_v the_o excrement_n of_o the_o brain_n derive_v through_o the_o nostril_n from_o without_o inward_a be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o smell_a faculty_n transport_v this_o way_n one_o instrument_n serve_v these_o two_o turn_n of_o nature_n one_o of_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n the_o other_o for_o our_o better_a life_n final_o the_o nose_n serve_v to_o form_v the_o voice_n and_o add_v a_o great_a beauty_n to_o the_o face_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o inward_a nose_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o smell_a that_o the_o nose_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a all_o man_n will_v confess_v but_o because_o it_o be_v compound_v of_o many_o and_o diverse_a part_n it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n to_o which_o particle_n among_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o action_n of_o smell_a be_v to_o be_v attribute_v of_o these_o we_o have_v already_o examine_v those_o part_n which_o make_v the_o outward_a nose_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o we_o prosecute_v our_o history_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o inward_a nose_n the_o inward_a nose_n therefore_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o bone_n call_v ethmoeides_n or_o rather_o the_o spongy_a bone_n and_o the_o mammillarie_n process_n the_o spongy_a bone_n be_v situate_v partly_o part_n the_o inward_a nose_n make_v of_o two_o part_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o nostril_n partly_o within_o the_o skull_n it_o be_v a_o cover_n of_o the_o mammillarie_n process_n thrill_v full_a of_o hole_n or_o rare_a and_o spongye_a through_o which_o perforation_n the_o air_n be_v immediate_o convey_v to_o the_o brain_n forrespiration_n and_o vapour_n for_o the_o distinction_n bone_n the_o spongye_a bone_n of_o odour_n that_o way_n also_o the_o whole_a source_n of_o the_o excrement_n be_v conduct_v the_o mammillary_a process_n which_o make_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o inward_a nose_n do_v proceed_v out_o of_o the_o brain_n and_o have_v their_o habitation_n within_o the_o skull_n above_o the_o cavity_n or_o bosom_n of_o the_o spungy_a bone_n of_o this_o spungy_a bone_n we_o have_v say_v somewhat_o already_o in_o the_o 6._o chapter_n of_o the_o 7._o book_n and_o shall_v speak_v afterward_o more_o at_o large_a and_o concern_v the_o mammillary_a process_n we_o have_v inteat_v of_o they_o sufficient_o in_o the_o 16._o chapter_n of_o the_o 7._o book_n whether_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n and_o proceed_v to_o discover_v unto_o you_o the_o manner_n of_o smell_a and_o because_o i_o will_v not_o have_v you_o think_v that_o hypocrates_n be_v ignorant_a from_o whence_o this_o sense_n hypocrates_n 2._o passage_n out_o of_o hypocrates_n come_v and_o where_o it_o be_v accomplish_v you_o shall_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o relate_v unto_o you_o a_o short_a passage_n or_o twain_o out_o of_o his_o work_n the_o first_o be_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la where_o he_o speak_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o brain_n have_v in_o it_o a_o faculty_n of_o smell_a though_o it_o be_v moist_a and_o draw_v through_o gristly_a body_n which_o be_v dry_a together_o with_o the_o air_n the_o odour_n of_o dry_a thing_n for_o the_o brain_n reach_v even_o unto_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nose_n have_v no_o bone_n in_o his_o way_n but_o only_o a_o soft_a gristle_n like_o a_o sponge_n which_o you_o can_v call_v neither_o a_o bone_n nor_o flesh_n if_o therefore_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nostril_n be_v dry_a then_o do_v the_o brain_n better_o and_o more_o exquisite_o perceive_v the_o odour_n of_o dry_a body_n for_o it_o can_v smell_v water_n because_o it_o be_v moist_a than_o the_o brain_n unless_o it_o be_v corrupt_v in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o nostril_n be_v moist_a we_o can_v smell_v because_o at_o such_o time_n the_o brain_n do_v not_o draw_v the_o air_n into_o itself_o again_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la in_o homine_fw-la there_o be_v no_o passage_n tend_v unto_o the_o nose_n he_o mean_v the_o sense_n of_o smell_a but_o a_o loose_a and_o spungy_a substance_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o hear_v further_o than_o we_o smell_v for_o if_o the_o send_v be_v far_o from_o the_o sense_n it_o be_v disperse_v before_o it_o attain_v thereto_o galen_n more_o distinct_o as_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o anatomy_n on_o this_o manner_n in_o a_o galen_n galen_n particular_a discourse_n of_o this_o subject_n .._o the_o brain_n send_v out_o two_o sprout_n long_o and_o hollow_a take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o forward_a ventricle_n and_o determine_v at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o scull_n where_o the_o nose_n begin_v where_o be_v place_v certain_a bone_n call_v ossa_n ethmoidea_n that_o be_v like_o a_o syve_a or_o scarce_o but_o we_o return_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o smell_a according_a to_o aristotle_n theâ—e_n be_v three_o thing_n require_v to_o every_o sense_n a_o object_n a_o medium_fw-la object_n 3._o thing_n require_v to_o sense_n the_o object_n and_o a_o instrument_n or_o organ_n the_o object_n here_o be_v odour_n or_o vapour_n of_o a_o fiery_a nature_n but_o what_o a_o odour_n be_v be_v not_o so_o welknowne_a as_o what_o a_o sound_n or_o a_o light_n or_o a_o colour_n be_v wherefore_o in_o man_n this_o sense_n be_v the_o dull_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la and_o many_o creature_n smell_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o exquisite_o than_o we_o we_o touch_v more_o exquisite_o than_o any_o other_o creature_n at_o least_o that_o sense_n in_o we_o be_v most_o perfect_a whence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o man_n receive_v no_o smell_n without_o pleasure_n or_o discontentment_n because_o the_o instrument_n be_v not_o perfect_a the_o sense_n of_o smell_a be_v the_o middle_a sense_n for_o there_o be_v five_o sense_n two_o that_o work_n sense_n smell_a the_o middle_a sense_n by_o contaction_n as_o the_o touch_n and_o the_o taste_n and_o two_o that_o apprehend_v their_o object_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o other_o as_o sight_n and_o hear_v now_o because_o odour_n be_v not_o so_o manifest_a say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o 9_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o name_n whence_o odour_n have_v their_o name_n book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la as_o sapour_n for_o our_o language_n use_v the_o word_n savour_n promiscuous_o in_o both_o these_o sense_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o name_n of_o odour_n be_v take_v by_o a_o similitude_n from_o sapour_n so_o that_o some_o odour_n be_v call_v sweet_a as_o that_o of_o saffron_n and_o honey_n other_o sharp_o as_o time_n and_o such_o like_a there_o be_v also_o a_o sour_a odour_n a_o acute_a and_o a_o fat_a wherefore_o galen_n in_o the_o 22._o chapter_n of_o his_o 4._o book_n de_fw-fr simpli_fw-la medica_fw-la teach_v we_o that_o odour_n do_v move_v taste_n the_o consent_n between_o the_o smell_n &_o the_o taste_n the_o taste_n as_o sapour_n do_v for_o if_o our_o meat_n be_v corrupt_v the_o taste_n be_v able_a to_o find_v the_o unpleasing_a odour_n and_o we_o throw_v they_o away_o yea_o almost_o in_o every_o thing_n the_o smell_n and_o the_o taste_n have_v a_o mutual_a consent_n we_o say_v almost_o because_o in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v most_o fragrant_a and_o sweet_a smell_v as_o be_v a_o rose_n the_o smell_a and_o the_o taste_n do_v much_o differ_v for_o the_o smell_n be_v delight_v with_o the_o odour_n of_o the_o rose_n but_o the_o sapor_n there_o of_o disturb_v the_o taste_n but_o as_o the_o hear_n be_v audible_a and_o inaudible_a the_o sight_n visible_a and_o invisible_a so_o also_o the_o smell_a be_v odorable_a for_o it_o be_v no_o treason_n to_o coin_n word_n or_o inodorable_a that_o be_v inodorable_a either_o that_o have_v
not_o nor_o can_v have_v any_o odor_n or_o that_o which_o have_v but_o a_o little_a odor_n or_o that_o which_o have_v a_o evil_a or_o offensive_a odor_n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o object_n the_o medium_fw-la by_o which_o we_o smell_v be_v the_o air_n or_o water_n for_o those_o creature_n which_o smell_n the_o medium_n of_o the_o smell_n live_v in_o the_o water_n whether_o they_o have_v blood_n or_o no_o blood_n be_v yet_o apprehensive_a of_o odour_n as_o also_o those_o that_o live_v in_o the_o air_n for_o fish_n and_o snail_n and_o those_o we_o call_v insecta_fw-la do_v smell_v their_o nourishment_n a_o far_o off_o and_o approach_v thereupon_o unto_o it_o because_o of_o the_o alimentarie_a species_n of_o the_o odour_n as_o bee_n will_v flock_v to_o honey_n and_o so_o in_o the_o like_a but_o man_n never_o smell_v but_o when_o he_o draw_v in_o his_o breath_n for_o if_o he_o hold_v his_o breath_n though_o you_o put_v odoriferous_a thing_n into_o his_o nose_n he_o can_v smell_v they_o the_o reason_n smell_v how_o a_o man_n smell_v be_v because_o the_o instrument_n of_o his_o smell_n be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o coat_n of_o his_o nostril_n but_o far_o within_o to_o which_o there_o be_v certain_a perforation_n that_o lead_v again_o in_o inspiration_n the_o instrument_n themselves_o be_v dilate_v which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o dilate_v the_o air_n can_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o pore_n nor_o ascend_v unto_o the_o process_n and_o so_o unto_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n other_o creature_n even_o those_o that_o be_v without_o blood_n do_v smell_v though_o they_o do_v not_o respire_v and_o they_o smell_v because_o they_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v and_o perceive_v odour_n and_o that_o they_o do_v perceive_v odour_n it_o be_v manifest_a because_o they_o be_v stifle_v with_o those_o odour_n smell_v that_o unbloody_a creature_n do_v smell_v whereby_o man_n be_v also_o stifle_v for_o say_v aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la as_o man_n get_v a_o stuff_n in_o their_o head_n yea_o be_v sometime_o suffocate_v with_o the_o steam_n of_o charcoal_n so_o many_o insectile_a creature_n be_v drive_v away_o with_o the_o smell_n or_o vapour_n of_o brimstone_n or_o other_o bituminous_a matter_n because_o they_o be_v annoy_v yea_o kill_v by_o they_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_v in_o man_n differ_v from_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_v in_o such_o creature_n as_o a_o man_n eye_n differ_v from_o the_o eye_n of_o those_o creature_n instrument_n a_o difference_n of_o this_o instrument_n which_o have_v hard_a eye_n for_o those_o creature_n that_o have_v soft_a eye_n have_v also_o eyelid_n to_o cover_v they_o which_o lid_n if_o they_o do_v not_o move_v and_o open_v they_o can_v see_v but_o those_o that_o have_v hard_a eye_n have_v no_o lid_n at_o all_o nor_o any_o thing_n proportionable_a thereto_o but_o they_o see_v immediate_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o like_a manner_n say_v the_o philosopher_n in_o those_o creature_n which_o do_v not_o respire_v the_o chief_a instrument_n or_o organ_n of_o smell_a have_v no_o cover_n at_o all_o no_o more_o than_o their_o eye_n have_v but_o those_o creature_n which_o draw_v in_o air_n have_v their_o organ_n of_o sight_n and_o hear_v cover_v yet_o because_o in_o their_o breathe_v their_o vein_n and_o passage_n be_v distend_v the_o instrument_n be_v uncover_v or_o it_o may_v be_v their_o breath_n remoove_v the_o cover_n away_o but_o when_o they_o do_v not_o respire_v they_o can_v smell_v which_o be_v all_o otherwise_o in_o those_o creature_n that_o do_v not_o respire_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o those_o creature_n that_o do_v respire_v can_v smell_v when_o they_o be_v under_o water_n for_o they_o must_v respire_v when_o they_o smell_v but_o in_o the_o water_n they_o can_v respire_v galen_n aristotle_n conceit_n of_o the_o cover_v refute_v by_o galen_n this_o conceit_n of_o aristotle_n concern_v the_o cover_n of_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o nose_n galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr instrumento_fw-la olfactus_fw-la refute_v for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o uncertain_a thing_n which_o can_v be_v demonstrate_v nor_o make_v evident_a that_o we_o shall_v assurd_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v true_a beside_o say_v galen_n it_o be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o let_v we_o grant_v that_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o nose_n there_o be_v a_o cover_n which_o be_v open_v by_o inspiration_n that_o the_o way_n may_v be_v make_v open_a for_o the_o air_n and_o vapour_n to_o pass_v in_o and_o that_o when_o the_o inspiration_n be_v end_v it_o again_o close_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o cover_n say_v galen_n must_v be_v animal_n or_o natural_a or_o violent_a that_o it_o be_v animal_n or_o voluntary_a no_o man_n will_v say_v because_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o cover_n or_o value_n for_o animal_n motion_n beside_o animal_n motion_n follow_v our_o will_n but_o this_o cover_n be_v never_o open_v save_v when_o we_o draw_v our_o breath_n again_o the_o instrument_n of_o animal_n motion_n be_v a_o muscle_n but_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o nose_n on_o the_o inside_n there_o be_v no_o moscle_n neither_o be_v this_o motion_n natural_a as_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o value_v of_o the_o heart_n because_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v perpetual_a and_o not_o at_o our_o command_n violent_a we_o can_v say_v it_o be_v for_o then_o say_v galen_n when_o the_o air_n rush_v forcible_o in_o galen_n a_o instance_n out_o of_o galen_n the_o cover_n shall_v be_v open_v even_o without_o attraction_n or_o draw_v of_o our_o breath_n but_o this_o we_o be_v able_a to_o disprove_v for_o put_v a_o man_n into_o a_o chamber_n fulfil_v with_o some_o strong_a odour_n and_o move_v the_o air_n never_o so_o vehement_o or_o lead_v the_o smell_n into_o his_o nostril_n with_o a_o reed_n for_o so_o doubtless_o those_o cover_n if_o there_o be_v any_o will_v be_v reserate_v yet_o he_o will_v not_o send_v the_o smell_n at_o all_o unless_o he_o draw_v in_o his_o breath_n concern_v this_o matter_n he_o that_o desire_v further_a satisfaction_n let_v he_o read_v galen_n diligent_o we_o will_v proceed_v unto_o the_o three_o thing_n require_v to_o sensation_n which_o be_v the_o justrument_n concern_v the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a we_o have_v before_o relate_v the_o opinion_n of_o hypocrates_n instrument_n the_o instrument_n of_o aristotle_n answer_v by_o galen_n and_o also_o of_o galen_n himself_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v say_v archangelus_n that_o all_o the_o ancients_n be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o mystery_n among_o the_o latter_a anatomist_n varolius_n have_v well_o describe_v it_o so_o have_v our_o author_n bauhine_v you_o shall_v hear_v both_o their_o conceit_n varolius_n have_v it_o thus_o two_o nervous_a production_n proceed_v out_o of_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o varolius_fw-la varolius_fw-la the_o brain_n wrought_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o substance_n thereof_o these_o production_n shoot_v forward_o do_v determine_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o nostril_n and_o make_v the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o smell_a to_o which_o place_n when_o the_o odoriferous_a exhalation_n do_v attain_v the_o instrument_n perceive_v the_o species_n of_o the_o odor_n without_o any_o matter_n and_o into_o this_o species_n be_v change_v the_o exhalation_n be_v disperse_v or_o extend_v through_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n bauhine_n have_v it_o thus_o as_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sight_n and_o the_o ear_n of_o hear_v both_o of_o they_o compound_v of_o many_o particle_n so_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o smell_n be_v the_o bauhine_v bauhine_v nose_n but_o because_o in_o every_o sense_n there_o be_v one_o principal_a part_n it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n which_o be_v here_o the_o principal_a instrument_n by_o which_o the_o faculty_n take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o proper_a object_n of_o this_o sense_n some_o think_v be_v be_v the_o nose_n because_o if_o we_o shut_v our_o nose_n and_o draw_v in_o the_o instrument_n the_o principal_a instrument_n breath_n through_o the_o mouth_n we_o do_v not_o smell_v at_o all_o but_o if_o we_o draw_v our_o breath_n through_o the_o nose_n the_o odour_n present_o strike_v the_o sense_n but_o because_o there_o be_v some_o creature_n that_o smell_v without_o nose_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o nose_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a organ_n but_o help_v the_o nose_n not_o the_o nose_n perfection_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o be_v a_o assistant_n only_o to_o the_o principal_a organ_n we_o must_v therefore_o find_v out_o some_o other_o part_n and_o that_o in_o the_o nose_n or_o near_o unto_o it_o the_o bone_n it_o can_v be_v say_v galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr instrumento_fw-la olfactus_fw-la because_o bone_n be_v insensible_a every_o way_n much_o less_o can_v they_o
because_o of_o the_o softness_n and_o looseness_n of_o their_o tongue_n and_o the_o muscle_n thereof_o till_o when_o their_o heat_n by_o their_o age_n increase_a the_o over_o abundant_a moisture_n be_v consume_v the_o tongue_n also_o sometime_o be_v too_o short_a when_o the_o bridle_n thereof_o be_v not_o enough_o cut_v so_o than_o it_o be_v hinder_v that_o it_o can_v apply_v itself_o on_o every_o side_n to_o the_o mouth_n or_o because_o the_o muscle_n be_v little_o it_o be_v move_v too_o swift_o and_o so_o implicate_v or_o double_v the_o speech_n and_o make_v the_o word_n come_v huddle_v together_o it_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o larynx_n to_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr upon_o which_o the_o root_n thereof_o rest_v as_o upon_o tongue_n the_o connexion_n of_o the_o tongue_n a_o basis_n and_o by_o which_o it_o be_v support_v to_o the_o chop_n also_o and_o on_o both_o side_n to_o the_o almond_n below_o it_o be_v fasten_v with_o a_o ligament_n the_o tongue_n be_v compound_v of_o a_o proper_a flesh_n a_o coat_n nerve_n vein_n artery_n muscle_n ligament_n whereof_o compound_v the_o ligament_n and_o a_o ligament_n the_o ligament_n be_v table_n 14._o fig._n 3._o two_o very_o strong_a membranous_a and_o broad_a and_o be_v under_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o body_n thereof_o table_n 14._o figure_n 1._o and_o 2._o show_v the_o tongue_n cut_v from_o the_o body_n and_o the_o muscle_n thereof_o in_o the_o first_o the_o right_a side_n of_o it_o &_o in_o the_o second_o his_o muscle_n somewhat_o uncover_v figure_n 3._o stew_v the_o body_n of_o the_o tongue_n divide_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o it_o and_o his_o ligament_n tabula_fw-la xiiii_o fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o fig_n iii_o tab._n 14._o figure_n 1._o show_v the_o larynx_n have_v the_o shield_n gristle_n cut_v into_o two_o part_n but_o one_o part_n of_o it_o together_o with_o the_o epiglottis_fw-la be_v invert_v as_o by_o the_o letter_n may_v be_v perceive_v figure_n 2._o exhibit_v the_o larynx_n show_v the_o glottis_fw-la fig_n i._o fig_n ii_o the_o second_o figure_n it_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o coat_n common_a to_o it_o with_o the_o mouth_n the_o pallate_n the_o gullet_n and_o tongue_n the_o coat_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o larynx_n tab._n 14._o fig._n 1._o aa_n bb._n c_o least_o the_o lax_n and_o rare_a substance_n thereof_o shall_v part_v asunder_o this_o coat_n be_v all_o very_a fine_a and_o thin_a that_o the_o sapour_n may_v more_o easy_o pierce_v through_o it_o into_o the_o pulp_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n into_o which_o coat_n as_o also_o into_o the_o flesh_n certain_a nerve_n of_o exquisite_a sense_n be_v disseminated_a the_o substance_n of_o it_o be_v soft_a loose_a rare_a and_o like_a a_o sponge_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o soon_o moisten_v with_o the_o humour_n which_o carry_v the_o sapor_n in_o it_o and_o so_o fit_a to_o discern_v of_o the_o diversity_n of_o taste_n for_o of_o they_o it_o be_v the_o competent_a judge_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o disease_n tongue_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n it_o be_v diverse_o affect_v for_o as_o the_o humour_n be_v that_o it_o imbibe_v so_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o taste_v deprave_a as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o those_o that_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o yellow_a jaundice_n or_o of_o ague_n the_o flesh_n therefore_o of_o the_o tongue_n be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o the_o tongue_n there_o be_v none_o such_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n towards_o the_o basis_n it_o come_v near_a to_o a_o glandulous_a substance_n then_o to_o a_o musculous_a because_o it_o be_v much_o soft_a and_o loose_a yet_o have_v it_o all_o manner_n of_o fibre_n but_o those_o so_o intertex_v and_o weave_v together_o that_o they_o can_v be_v separate_v one_o from_o another_o which_o may_v be_v do_v in_o muscle_n again_o the_o fibre_n run_v through_o the_o length_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o musculous_a that_o it_o be_v not_o musculous_a tongue_n for_o it_o have_v no_o ligamentall_a fibres_n to_o strengthen_v it_o as_o muscle_n have_v unless_o it_o be_v a_o middle_a one_o which_o run_v under_o the_o tongue_n final_o no_o nerve_n from_o the_o brain_n that_o shall_v give_v it_o the_o power_n of_o motion_n do_v run_v through_o the_o substance_n thereof_o wherefore_o it_o can_v be_v call_v musculous_a although_o i_o know_v some_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v make_v of_o two_o muscle_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr and_o determine_v in_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o tongue_n sever_v by_o a_o white_a line_n some_o say_v also_o there_o be_v two_o other_o muscle_n of_o which_o the_o pulp_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v compound_v but_o if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o muscle_n it_o shall_v only_o move_v not_o taste_v for_o what_o muscle_n do_v taste_v we_o resolve_v therefore_o that_o the_o flesh_n of_o it_o be_v not_o musculous_a at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n beside_o the_o muscle_n insert_v thereinto_o there_o adher_v a_o root_n the_o fat_a at_o the_o root_n great_a quantity_n of_o hard_a fat_a the_o tongue_n receive_v two_o kind_n of_o nerve_n one_o soft_a which_o carry_v sense_n unto_o it_o from_o the_o three_o and_o four_o coniugation_n yet_o so_o that_o one_o branch_n be_v disseminated_a into_o the_o coat_n that_o invest_v the_o tongue_n to_o be_v a_o instrument_n of_o touch_v for_o the_o tongue_n be_v apprehensive_a kind_n the_o nerve_n of_o two_o kind_n of_o all_o the_o tactile_a quality_n as_o cold_a heat_n and_o such_o like_a the_o other_o nerve_n be_v sprinkle_v into_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o tongue_n which_o be_v the_o instrument_n or_o organ_n of_o taste_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o tongue_n be_v make_v apprehensive_a of_o sapour_n the_o other_o kind_n of_o nerve_n be_v hard_a that_o be_v nerve_n of_o motion_n to_o wit_n the_o seven_o conjugation_n which_o with_o many_o surcle_n be_v disseminated_a into_o his_o muscle_n that_o the_o tongue_n caution_n a_o caution_n may_v be_v move_v with_o voluntary_a motion_n and_o because_o this_o nerve_n be_v place_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o chirurgeon_n or_o midwife_n must_v be_v very_o careful_a lest_o when_o they_o cut_v the_o ligament_n they_o do_v not_o also_o cut_v the_o nerve_n it_o have_v also_o two_o notable_a vein_n call_v raninae_n not_o because_o they_o be_v like_o frog_n but_o because_o they_o be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o a_o frog_n they_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o inward_a branch_n of_o the_o external_a jugular_a vein_n and_o run_v under_o the_o tongue_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v unto_o any_o vein_n the_o vein_n man_n that_o lift_v it_o up_o these_o vein_n in_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o mouth_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d the_o squinsie_n and_o such_o like_a be_v open_v for_o derivation_n after_o the_o blood_n be_v evacuate_v and_o revel_v by_o the_o open_n of_o the_o humerarie_a vein_n of_o the_o arme._n it_o have_v also_o two_o large_a artery_n on_o either_o side_n one_o from_o the_o sleepy_a artery_n which_o accompany_v the_o vein_n these_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o tongue_n to_o maintain_v the_o life_n of_o it_o as_o the_o artery_n the_o artery_n vein_n be_v to_o supply_v it_o with_o nourishment_n the_o body_n of_o the_o tongue_n although_o it_o be_v continual_a not_o divide_v by_o any_o partition_n whereby_o it_o become_v fit_a to_o taste_v with_o to_o break_v the_o meat_n and_o to_o articulate_v the_o voice_n yet_o it_o be_v divide_v or_o rather_o score_v through_o the_o midst_n with_o a_o white_a line_n which_o it_o the_o body_n of_o it_o hypocrates_n in_o coacis_n first_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o median_a which_o line_n run_v through_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o tongue_n divide_v it_o into_o a_o right_a side_n and_o a_o left_a yet_o not_o as_o it_o be_v in_o lizardes_n who_o tongue_n be_v fork_v so_o that_o the_o tongue_n as_o all_o other_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v double_a and_o therefore_o galen_n call_v it_o a_o double_a member_n the_o use_v of_o the_o tongue_n although_o it_o be_v but_o a_o little_a member_n yet_o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n because_o it_o express_v all_o the_o conceit_n of_o the_o mind_n wherefore_o our_o wise_a creator_n have_v defend_v tongue_n the_o use_n of_o the_o tongue_n it_o with_o many_o tooth_n with_o lip_n and_o restrain_v it_o with_o a_o bridle_n that_o be_v so_o careful_o attend_v it_o may_v not_o run_v before_o the_o mind_n which_o first_o ought_v to_o consult_v and_o deliberate_v before_o the_o tongue_n pronounce_v any_o thing_n the_o use_n therefore_o of_o the_o tongue_n be_v either_o primary_n or_o secondary_a the_o primarie_a use_n be_v that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o convenient_a and_o fit_a organ_n or_o instrument_n both_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v &_o taste_v
little_a and_o little_a from_o a_o large_a passage_n unto_o a_o straight_a and_z be_v again_o amplify_v or_o enlarge_v from_o that_o straightness_n after_o this_o break_n do_v a_o percussion_n present_o follow_v either_o against_o the_o air_n or_o against_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o therefore_o galen_n suppose_v that_o the_o vuula_n be_v like_o the_o quill_n of_o a_o cittern_n in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o voice_n because_o the_o aer_fw-la be_v blow_v out_o be_v force_v against_o the_o vuula_n but_o not_o only_o the_o straitness_n of_o the_o cleft_n be_v necessary_a unto_o the_o voice_n that_o the_o passage_n of_o sound_n vehement_a impusilon_n of_o the_o air_n be_v require_v unto_o the_o sound_n the_o air_n be_v narrow_a but_o also_o the_o vehement_a impulsion_n of_o the_o breath_n so_o that_o it_o sudden_o and_o at_o once_o break_v forth_o for_o when_o either_o of_o these_o fail_v the_o voice_n can_v be_v make_v which_o sudden_a and_o vehement_a expiration_n galen_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o efflation_n the_o other_o cause_n therefore_o of_o the_o voice_n be_v efflation_n without_o which_o it_o can_v be_v make_v though_o there_o may_v be_v efflation_n without_o any_o voice_n this_o exsufflation_n or_o strong_a breathe_n out_o be_v make_v by_o the_o muscle_n bind_v the_o chest_n &_o the_o abdomen_fw-la or_o paunch_n by_o which_o constriction_n the_o lung_n be_v depress_v and_o constringe_v the_o midriff_n be_v incurue_v towards_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o chest_n whereby_o his_o cavity_n be_v make_v make_v how_o exsufflation_n be_v make_v straight_a and_o the_o breath_n carry_v upward_o out_o of_o the_o lung_n through_o the_o rough_a artery_n wherefore_o galen_n say_v that_o the_o voice_n be_v prepare_v in_o the_o rough_a artery_n when_o the_o air_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o compress_v there_o do_v after_o a_o sort_n attain_v the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n before_o it_o issue_n through_o the_o cleave_a and_o be_v extrude_v or_o thrust_v out_o with_o violence_n and_o force_n through_o the_o straight_o cleave_v yield_v that_o sound_n which_o we_o call_v a_o voice_n galen_n express_v the_o use_n of_o the_o voice_n in_o these_o word_n that_o it_o be_v the_o messenger_n of_o the_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o therefore_o worthy_o be_v account_v the_o principal_a of_o all_o the_o action_n voice_n the_o use_n of_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o thus_o be_v we_o arrive_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n of_o the_o sense_n wherein_o we_o have_v omit_v the_o sense_n of_o touch_v because_o it_o be_v already_o handle_v in_o the_o second_o book_n now_o we_o come_v unto_o the_o controversy_n ¶_o a_o dilucidation_n or_o exposition_n of_o the_o controversy_n belong_v to_o the_o sense_n and_o their_o instrument_n as_o also_o of_o the_o uoyce_n placentinus_n his_o praeface_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o sense_n when_o i_o compare_v divine_a thing_n with_o humane_a and_o in_o like_a manner_n humane_a with_o divine_a and_o with_o a_o through_o examination_n do_v diligent_o view_v the_o property_n of_o they_o both_o i_o can_v find_v no_o man_n so_o never_o a_o kin_n to_o the_o mystical_a nature_n of_o god_n as_o those_o which_o make_v good_a use_n of_o that_o oracle_n of_o apollo_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d know_v thyself_o for_o see_v that_o god_n the_o contemplation_n of_o ourselves_o do_v further_o we_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n admirable_a architector_n and_o maker_n of_o all_o thing_n do_v make_v the_o body_n of_o man_n according_a to_o his_o own_o image_n it_o can_v be_v but_o he_o which_o be_v well_o skill_v in_o the_o fabric_n and_o workmanship_n of_o himself_o unto_o he_o i_o say_v will_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o creator_n and_o arche-tipe_n more_o plain_o appear_v because_o he_o which_o be_v well_o read_v in_o his_o own_o body_n shall_v see_v in_o all_o even_o the_o least_o operation_n of_o his_o mind_n or_o action_n of_o his_o body_n a_o lively_a impression_n and_o infallible_a mark_n of_o divinity_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o which_o use_v no_o diligence_n to_o pry_v into_o the_o structure_n of_o their_o own_o body_n be_v worthy_o reproach_v by_o the_o ancient_n with_o the_o ignominious_a title_n of_o epicurean_a hog_n for_o such_o man_n be_v ensnare_v with_o the_o allurement_n of_o their_o sense_n be_v only_o carry_v thither_o whether_o they_o like_v beast_n they_o be_v transport_v by_o the_o force_n &_o rage_n of_o their_o sense_n measure_v the_o chief_a felicity_n of_o man_n by_o the_o narrow_a scantling_n of_o the_o soul_n &_o naked_a pleasure_n of_o the_o body_n but_o outd_v do_v manifest_o show_v how_o far_o a_o man_n differ_v from_o a_o beast_n where_o he_o sing_v pronaque_fw-la cum_fw-la spectant_fw-la animalia_fw-la coetera_fw-la terram_fw-la os_fw-la homini_fw-la sublime_a dedit_fw-la coelumque_fw-la tueri_fw-la jussit_fw-la et_fw-la erectos_fw-la ad_fw-la sydera_fw-la tollere_fw-la vultus_fw-la when_o other_o creature_n on_o the_o earth_n do_v poor_a nature_n give_v man_n a_o high_a crect_v look_v the_o heaven_n to_o view_v and_o deity_n to_o adore_v and_o read_v the_o character_n in_o that_o fair_a book_n sure_o a_o hide_a mystery_n of_o a_o poet_n and_o word_n true_o beseem_v a_o man_n wherein_o he_o upward_o why_o beast_n look_v down_o and_o man_n upward_o will_v beat_v upon_o nothing_o but_o this_o that_o man_n be_v mindful_a of_o his_o divine_a original_n may_v by_o the_o contemplation_n of_o himself_o ascend_v high_a into_o the_o mystical_a knowledge_n of_o his_o divine_a creator_n see_v therefore_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a moment_n to_o know_v ourselves_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o not_o only_o commodious_a but_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n to_o compose_v some_o small_a treatise_n though_o a_o task_n of_o hard_a labour_n wherein_o as_o in_o a_o most_o clear_a glass_n a_o man_n may_v take_v view_n of_o himself_o and_o see_v his_o own_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v decipher_v with_o apelles_n pencil_n wherefore_o i_o will_v here_o exhibit_v both_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o man_n to_o wit_n his_o matter_n and_o form_n together_o with_o their_o function_n and_o propriety_n as_o well_o particular_a as_o common_a observe_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n because_o we_o can_v come_v perfect_o unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o man_n unless_o first_o we_o do_v well_o see_v into_o the_o essence_n both_o of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o soul_n now_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o soul_n can_v be_v make_v manifest_a but_o only_o by_o her_o operation_n which_o also_o see_v she_o do_v not_o perform_v without_o the_o help_n of_o corporal_a organ_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n impose_v that_o we_o also_o understand_v the_o exact_a composition_n of_o the_o body_n but_o because_o in_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o method_n of_o art_n we_o ought_v always_o to_o proceed_v from_o universals_z and_o such_o as_o be_v better_o know_v sense_n why_o he_o first_o treat_v of_o the_o sense_n unto_o we_o unto_o particular_n and_o that_o the_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o universal_a thing_n as_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o whole_a systeme_n and_o frame_n of_o the_o body_n the_o order_n of_o nature_n require_v that_o i_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n moreover_o among_o all_o the_o office_n of_o the_o soul_n this_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o chief_a place_n neither_o that_o faculty_n only_o which_o be_v lodge_v within_o and_o receive_v the_o image_n of_o thing_n and_o after_o deliberation_n or_o discourse_n do_v judge_v of_o they_o but_o much_o more_o that_o whole_a set_v of_o sense_n which_o do_v outward_o perceive_v all_o sensible_a object_n and_o perceive_v do_v carry_v they_o to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o internal_a sense_n and_o do_v so_o inform_v it_o that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o pronounce_v a_o true_a judgement_n concern_v they_o for_o without_o these_o external_a sense_n we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v the_o internal_a imperfect_a and_o unprofitable_a for_o if_o we_o conceive_v any_o thing_n in_o our_o mind_n &_o nourish_v that_o conceit_n by_o discourse_n again_o and_o again_o ventilate_v it_o to_o and_o fro_o we_o shall_v observe_v that_o all_o thing_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o outward_a sense_n for_o neither_o can_v colour_n odour_n nor_o savour_n be_v know_v neither_o can_v the_o internal_a sense_n discourse_n of_o sound_n or_o of_o any_o tactile_a quality_n without_o the_o message_n as_o it_o be_v and_o information_n of_o the_o outward_a sense_n by_o which_o the_o image_n of_o thing_n be_v imprint_v in_o it_o and_o with_o this_o do_v that_o philosophical_a axiom_n agree_v nihil_fw-la est_fw-la in_o intellectu_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la prin_v suerit_fw-la in_o sensu_fw-la nothing_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n which_o be_v not_o before_o in_o the_o sense_n the_o prince_n of_o philosopher_n
esteem_v this_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o art_n and_o science_n and_o sure_o if_o any_o man_n set_v aside_o the_o assurance_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o sense_n shall_v seek_v for_o the_o ground_n and_o evidence_n of_o art_n and_o other_o object_n elsewhere_o then_o from_o the_o sense_n he_o shall_v not_o only_o entertain_v into_o his_o mind_n a_o dissolute_a and_o vain_a confusion_n toss_v hither_o and_o sense_n all_o art_n have_v their_o beginning_n from_o sense_n thither_o without_o any_o steadfastness_n but_o also_o call_v in_o question_n the_o most_o sure_a foundation_n of_o nature_n shall_v cast_v himself_o headlong_o into_o a_o dungeonof_n perpetual_a and_o intricate_a obscurity_n quid_fw-la referemus_fw-la enim_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la certius_fw-la ipsis_fw-la sensibus_fw-la esse_fw-la potest_fw-la quo_fw-la vera_fw-la et_fw-la falsa_fw-la notamus_fw-la for_o what_o more_o certain_a evidence_n of_o thing_n can_v be_v obtain_v then_o that_o which_o true_a or_o false_a we_o judge_v by_o outward_a sense_n unstayned_a whence_o shall_v he_o have_v the_o ground_n of_o demonstration_n which_o endeavour_v to_o derogate_v from_o the_o credit_n which_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o sense_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o science_n for_o demonstration_n be_v from_o universal_a thing_n and_o such_o universals_z do_v arise_v and_o spring_v out_o sense_n demonstration_n from_o sense_n of_o singular_n but_o the_o external_a sense_n do_v perceive_v all_o singular_a thing_n now_o there_o be_v none_o so_o ignorant_a which_o do_v not_o see_v what_o will_v follow_v hence_o the_o same_o thing_n lucretius_n confirm_v in_o these_o verse_n inuenies_fw-la primis_fw-la a_o sensibus_fw-la esse_fw-la creatam_fw-la notitiam_fw-la very_fw-la nec_fw-la sensus_fw-la posse_fw-la refelli_fw-la quinisi_fw-la sunt_fw-la very_fw-la ratio_fw-la quoque_fw-la falsa_fw-la sit_fw-la omnis_fw-la the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o truth_n who_o seek_v must_v hold_v from_o outward_a sense_n first_o to_o have_v proceed_v those_o demonstration_n can_v be_v control_v or_o can_v they_o reason_n self_n shall_v be_v deceive_v hence_o it_o be_v say_v aristotle_n that_o such_o man_n be_v unfit_a for_o some_o art_n and_o science_n to_o who_o nature_n have_v from_o their_o birth_n deny_v any_o of_o these_o sense_n whosoever_o therefore_o do_v not_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o infallible_a credit_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v worthy_a with_o anaxagoras_n who_o call_v into_o question_n the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o snow_n as_o aristotle_n remember_v of_o he_o to_o be_v give_v over_o unto_o the_o doubtful_a and_o suspend_v uncertainty_n of_o the_o pirrhonij_n or_o sceptic_n &_o to_o wait_v till_o the_o thing_n themselves_o shall_v tell_v he_o what_o their_o several_a nature_n be_v but_o we_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n admire_v this_o majesty_n &_o certainty_n of_o the_o sense_n will_v make_v entrance_n into_o so_o fair_a &_o pleasant_a a_o field_n of_o discourse_n and_o handle_v every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a begin_v with_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v which_o as_o it_o be_v more_o common_a touch_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v than_o the_o rest_n so_o without_o doubt_n deserve_v the_o first_o place_n for_o this_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o do_v consist_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o moderation_n and_o temperament_n of_o the_o four_o primarie_a quality_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n and_o with_o he_o all_o other_o philosopher_n have_v judge_v this_o sense_n worthy_a that_o honour_n to_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o by_o a_o certain_a eminency_n or_o excellency_n without_o add_v thereto_o any_o epithet_n the_o sense_n as_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v say_v the_o only_a sense_n of_o all_o sense_n and_o that_o not_o unworthy_o see_v as_o the_o same_o aristotle_n affirm_v every_o sense_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v as_o whereof_o the_o whole_a company_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o sense_n do_v stand_v in_o need_n for_o the_o better_a perception_n of_o their_o object_n as_o for_o example_n the_o taste_n never_o shall_v discern_v of_o sapour_n except_o the_o gustible_a touch_v no_o sense_n without_o touch_v matter_n be_v touch_v by_o the_o spongy_a body_n or_o pulp_n of_o the_o tongue_n neither_o can_v the_o organ_n of_o smell_v receive_v any_o odour_n unless_o the_o perfume_n of_o odoriferous_a thing_n shall_v touch_v the_o same_o the_o same_o be_v we_o to_o think_v of_o the_o other_o sense_n to_o which_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v require_v though_o not_o a_o mathematical_a yet_o a_o physical_a touch_v what_o need_v we_o add_v more_o it_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o touch_v which_o perfect_v the_o operation_n of_o all_o the_o other_o sense_n and_o yet_o itself_o need_v not_o the_o help_n of_o any_o yet_o this_o i_o add_v moreover_o that_o this_o sense_n be_v capable_a of_o the_o nature_n of_o many_o more_o contrary_n than_o the_o other_o sense_n for_o it_o judge_v of_o heat_n and_o cold_a moist_a and_o dry_a soft_a and_o hard_a light_a and_o heavy_a slender_n and_o grosse_n rare_a and_o dense_n smooth_a and_o rough_a and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o that_o kind_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o sight_n do_v perceive_v nothing_o but_o white_a and_o black_a for_o red_a yellow_a skycoloured_a and_o other_o such_o like_a be_v not_o contrary_a but_o intermediate_v colour_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n that_o i_o may_v also_o light_o pass_v by_o this_o that_o all_o other_o sense_n be_v restrain_v within_o some_o small_a organ_n about_o the_o brain_n but_o the_o touch_v be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n these_o argument_n do_v sufficient_o commend_v the_o pre-eminence_n of_o this_o sense_n of_o touch_v yet_o if_o â—ou_fw-mi please_v to_o attend_v and_o more_o accurate_o consider_v these_o which_o follow_v you_o shall_v see_v the_o majesty_n thereof_o to_o shine_v more_o plain_o unto_o you_o for_o first_o it_o be_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o touch_v that_o we_o be_v conceive_v and_o form_v in_o the_o fertile_a garden_n of_o our_o mother_n womb_n for_o 〈◊〉_d wise_a and_o provident_a nature_n aim_v at_o eternity_n have_v endue_v the_o part_n of_o generation_n with_o a_o most_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o touch_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n so_o that_o the_o creature_n be_v ravish_v with_o a_o incredible_a kind_n of_o pleasure_n do_v more_o ready_o apply_v themselves_o to_o venereal_a embracement_n otherwise_o a_o thing_n filthy_a and_o abominable_a and_o endeavour_v the_o procreation_n of_o their_o own_o kind_n when_o the_o infant_n in_o the_o womb_n yet_o live_v only_o a_o vegetative_a life_n he_o be_v first_o of_o all_o endue_v with_o the_o sense_n sense_n the_o touch_n 〈◊〉_d first_o exist_v of_o all_o sense_n of_o touch_v whereby_o he_o be_v cherish_v nourish_v and_o increase_v and_o be_v at_o length_n perfect_v for_o so_o long_o as_o he_o be_v in_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o womb_n he_o neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v nor_o smell_v nor_o taste_v any_o thing_n but_o yet_o have_v absolute_a necessity_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v that_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o avoid_v imminent_a danger_n moreover_o this_o sense_n be_v not_o only_o bear_v together_o with_o we_o but_o also_o which_o be_v more_o worthy_a of_o admiration_n when_o all_o the_o other_o sense_n perish_v even_o for_o the_o least_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o leave_v we_o ungarded_a and_o prostitute_a unto_o death_n yet_o this_o like_a unseparable_a and_o faithful_a athates_n do_v attend_v we_o unto_o the_o last_o breath_n whence_o aristotle_n in_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la cha_n 13._o text._n 67_o write_v that_o if_o any_o creature_n be_v deprive_v of_o this_o sense_n of_o touch_v commodity_n touch_n be_v of_o necessity_n the_o rest_n for_o commodity_n death_n will_v of_o necessity_n ensue_v for_o neither_o be_v it_o possible_a faith_n he_o that_o any_o creature_n shall_v want_v this_o sense_n neither_o if_o he_o bâ—e_v a_o creature_n be_v it_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n that_o he_o have_v any_o sense_n beside_o this_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o this_o sense_n be_v of_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o therefore_o other_o sensible_a object_n by_o their_o immoderate_a extreme_n do_v only_o corrupt_v their_o proper_a organ_n but_o the_o excessive_a quality_n of_o tactile_a thing_n do_v take_v away_o the_o life_n itself_o again_o thing_n even_o without_o life_n can_v subsist_v without_o touch_v as_o aristotle_n say_v who_o touch._n plant_n can_v be_v without_o touch._n think_v that_o neither_o action_n nor_o passion_n nor_o any_o mixtion_n can_v be_v without_o touch_n and_o therefore_o neither_o can_v the_o mix_a body_n be_v without_o it_o for_o though_o these_o thing_n without_o life_n do_v draw_v their_o nourishment_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n yet_o they_o do_v it_o not_o indifferent_o and_o without_o choice_n of_o that_o which_o
her_o faculty_n capable_a neither_o can_v the_o sensative_a faculty_n alter_v or_o change_v the_o object_n and_o this_o be_v plain_a as_o solution_n the_o faculty_n can_v change_v the_o object_n solution_n by_o many_o other_o reason_n so_o also_o because_o her_o sole_a and_o only_a action_n be_v sensation_n i_o say_v therefore_o how_o come_v it_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o object_n and_o what_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o diiudication_n or_o judgement_n which_o the_o faculty_n give_v of_o the_o sensible_a object_n which_o we_o perceive_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o organ_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n do_v suffer_v and_o be_v change_v by_o the_o object_n not_o by_o organ_n the_o organ_n be_v change_v by_o itself_o the_o faculty_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o organ_n itself_o but_o by_o accident_n to_o wit_n as_o the_o organ_n who_o formal_a part_n &_o essence_n the_o faculty_n be_v be_v change_v by_o it_o for_o see_v the_o faculty_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o form_n from_o whence_o the_o action_n of_o the_o organ_n do_v proceed_v when_o this_o corporeal_a instrument_n be_v change_v by_o the_o sensible_a object_n it_o remain_v that_o the_o faculty_n itself_o which_o together_o with_o his_o sensible_a instrument_n do_v grow_v up_o into_o one_o body_n and_o do_v both_o conspire_v unto_o the_o same_o action_n be_v alter_v by_o accident_n and_o do_v perceive_v the_o alteration_n of_o his_o organ_n for_o all_o organ_n of_o sensation_n do_v suffer_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o body_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o sensative_a faculty_n they_o perform_v a_o act_n passion_n do_v affect_v the_o faculty_n as_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o organ_n action_n be_v the_o diiudication_n of_o judgement_n which_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o sensitive_a faculty_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a organ_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o faculty_n wherewith_o it_o be_v endow_v not_o that_o the_o faculty_n itself_o be_v alter_v or_o do_v suffer_v but_o because_o it_o perceyve_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o organ_n qvest._n ix_o whether_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n be_v perfect_v in_o the_o organ_n although_o it_o be_v make_v manifest_a by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n be_v the_o diiudication_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n yet_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v some_o difficulty_n behind_o for_o if_o the_o faculty_n do_v make_v this_o judgement_n of_o the_o object_n in_o the_o sensorium_fw-la or_o organ_n than_o those_o which_o sleep_n with_o open_a eye_n shall_v also_o see_v because_o the_o colour_n do_v alter_v the_o organ_n in_o like_a manner_n a_o sound_n may_v be_v hear_v odour_n smell_v and_o any_o tactile_a quality_n may_v be_v feel_v by_o we_o see_v that_o the_o organ_n be_v alter_v by_o the_o object_n and_o yet_o when_o we_o be_v asleep_a we_o neither_o do_v see_v nor_o hear_v nor_o perceyve_v with_o any_o other_o sense_n except_o the_o object_n be_v very_o vehement_a have_v therefore_o the_o poet_n true_o feign_v that_o sleep_n be_v the_o brother_n of_o death_n because_o it_o do_v deprive_v we_o of_o all_o our_o disproove_v the_o poet_n say_v sleep_n be_v the_o brother_n of_o death_n disproove_v sense_n yea_o of_o our_o very_a touch_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o extinguish_v the_o creature_n &_o beâ—eave_v it_o not_o of_o sense_n only_o but_o of_o life_n also_o or_o else_o do_v we_o perceyve_v while_o we_o sleep_v and_o know_v not_o that_o we_o have_v sense_n the_o first_o can_v be_v for_o although_o sleep_n have_v a_o great_a correspondency_n and_o affinity_n with_o death_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o deprive_v the_o creature_n of_o sense_n for_o sense_n what_o thing_n do_v concur_v to_o sense_n these_o thing_n do_v concur_v unto_o sense_n a_o convenient_a object_n a_o organ_n fit_o dispose_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o same_o organ_n and_o a_o sensitive_a faculty_n all_o which_o thing_n we_o have_v even_o when_o we_o sleep_v first_o the_o object_n be_v present_a for_o colour_n though_o we_o be_v asleep_a yet_o be_v it_o the_o object_n of_o fight_n and_o continue_v to_o be_v actuallie_o a_o object_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v illuminate_v with_o the_o light_n of_o a_o candle_n or_o with_o the_o daylight_n so_o also_o it_o be_v with_o sound_n odour_n and_o other_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o organ_n be_v also_o present_a and_o so_o be_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o same_o see_v there_o be_v nothing_o which_o can_v hinder_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sensible_a species_n upon_o the_o organ_n or_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o same_o neither_o be_v the_o faculty_n want_v for_o if_o the_o faculty_n of_o one_o sense_n shall_v fail_v all_o the_o sense_n will_v be_v forfeit_v and_o so_o of_o a_o live_a creature_n shall_v be_v make_v a_o plant_n deprive_v of_o sense_n and_o motion_n moreover_o though_o we_o sleep_v yet_o our_o organ_n live_v and_o they_o live_v by_o the_o soul_n if_o whole_a the_o soul_n with_o her_o faculty_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o whole_a therefore_o the_o soul_n with_o all_o her_o power_n and_o faculty_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o whole_o in_o every_o part_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o if_o the_o creature_n live_v the_o faculty_n of_o sense_n must_v be_v present_a in_o every_o place_n where_o the_o soul_n be_v but_o the_o soul_n be_v find_v in_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n yea_o even_o when_o we_o be_v asleep_a except_o you_o will_v say_v that_o the_o soul_n die_v when_o we_o fall_v asleep_a wherefore_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o faculty_n of_o sense_n be_v there_o also_o present_a in_o the_o organ_n see_v therefore_o in_o sleep_n we_o have_v the_o object_n actuallie_o prepare_v unto_o sensation_n see_v not_o we_o have_v sense_n in_o sleep_n but_o know_v it_o not_o also_o the_o organ_n fit_o dispose_v be_v not_o want_v and_o the_o judge_a faculty_n at_o hand_n and_o that_o nothing_o more_o be_v require_v unto_o perfect_a sense_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o sensation_n may_v be_v absolve_v in_o the_o organ_n and_o judgement_n also_o give_v of_o the_o object_n even_o when_o we_o be_v fast_o asleep_a but_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o do_v not_o perceyve_v this_o sensation_n be_v not_o because_o we_o have_v no_o sense_n at_o all_o but_o because_o we_o know_v not_o that_o we_o have_v sense_n qvest._n x._o that_o by_o our_o outward_a sense_n we_o do_v not_o know_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n that_o we_o do_v perceive_v by_o the_o organ_n of_o our_o sense_n be_v evident_a enough_o by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v but_o it_o be_v doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a how_o we_o shall_v know_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n see_v that_o this_o knowledge_n be_v not_o gather_v from_o the_o external_a sense_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v perceive_v by_o they_o must_v be_v their_o proper_a object_n but_o sensation_n be_v the_o object_n of_o no_o external_a sense_n moreover_o the_o external_a sense_n know_v nothing_o but_o external_a thing_n but_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o sensation_n be_v no_o external_a but_o a_o internal_a thing_n wherefore_o it_o can_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o external_a sense_n three_o if_o together_o and_o with_o the_o same_o sense_n we_o shall_v perceive_v and_o take_v knowledge_n of_o this_o perception_n it_o will_v then_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o act_n of_o perceive_v and_o the_o object_n of_o sense_n shall_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o how_o absurd_a it_o be_v i_o refer_v i_o to_o any_o man_n to_o esteem_v last_o we_o do_v not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n perceive_v and_o judge_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v perceive_v but_o somewhat_o after_o the_o act_n of_o sensation_n we_o know_v that_o we_o do_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a argument_n that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o diverse_a act_n from_o the_o other_o and_o that_o with_o one_o sense_n we_o do_v perceive_v and_o with_o another_o know_v that_o we_o do_v perceive_v but_o this_o may_v especial_o hence_o be_v convince_v that_o blind_a man_n though_o they_o do_v not_o see_v yet_o they_o perceive_v that_o they_o do_v not_o see_v see_v therefore_o the_o organ_n of_o their_o sight_n be_v unfit_a for_o vision_n it_o do_v necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v by_o another_o sense_n that_o they_o perceive_v themselves_o not_o to_o see_v now_o if_o it_o be_v by_o another_o sense_n that_o we_o know_v that_o we_o do_v not_o perceive_v sure_o it_o be_v another_o sense_n also_o by_o which_o we_o know_v that_o we_o do_v perceive_v qvest._n xi_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o perceive_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n if_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o external_a sense_n do_v perform_v this_o function_n what_o may_v reason_n we_o know_v not_o that_o we_o perceive_v
it_o may_v hinder_v the_o respiration_n and_o hurt_v the_o organ_n yet_o a_o odour_n may_v be_v perceive_v without_o a_o mean_a whereupon_o when_o we_o will_v smell_v any_o thing_n perfect_o we_o hold_v our_o nose_n close_o to_o it_o so_o that_o the_o smell_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o those_o sense_n which_o need_v a_o mean_a and_o those_o which_o be_v perform_v without_o it_o taste_v also_o though_o it_o be_v make_v by_o contaction_n yet_o require_v necessary_o a_o humidity_n none_o taste_v and_o touch_v none_o which_o may_v bring_v the_o sapour_n out_o of_o power_n into_o act_n but_o touch_v have_v need_n of_o nothing_o save_o the_o contiguity_n of_o the_o tactile_a body_n be_v perform_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o mean_o and_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v plain_a what_o we_o may_v determine_v of_o this_o question_n qvest._n xix_o what_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v and_o of_o what_o kind_n after_o we_o know_v which_o of_o the_o sense_n do_v need_v a_o medium_fw-la it_o follow_v that_o we_o make_v inquiry_n to_o find_v out_o what_o this_o medium_fw-la be_v &_o how_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v affect_v and_o herein_o we_o must_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v always_o to_o be_v present_a lest_o when_o all_o thing_n else_o requisite_a for_o sense_n be_v fit_o dispose_v yet_o for_o fault_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la we_o be_v make_v less_o able_a to_o perform_v this_o act_n of_o sensation_n wherefore_o the_o medium_fw-la by_o who_o interposition_n we_o perceive_v be_v not_o fire_n for_o this_o be_v not_o always_o air_n fire_n be_v not_o the_o medium_fw-la but_o air_n at_o hand_n but_o air_n for_o this_o do_v always_o encompass_v we_o about_o it_o be_v always_o present_a in_o it_o we_o lead_v our_o life_n second_o this_o medium_n shall_v always_o consist_v in_o a_o middle_a place_n betwixt_o the_o organ_n medium_fw-la 2._o reason_n why_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o object_n for_o hence_o it_o 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capable_a of_o odour_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o air_n be_v the_o only_a mean_a of_o the_o sense_n than_o will_v it_o follow_v that_o fish_n which_o live_v in_o the_o water_n have_v no_o sense_n i_o answer_v that_o for_o their_o sight_n the_o water_n serve_v for_o a_o medium_n but_o other_o sense_n they_o have_v none_o say_v placentinus_n save_v their_o taste_n and_o touch_v and_o these_o two_o have_v need_n of_o a_o medium_n yet_o they_o have_v these_o sense_n also_o but_o imperfect_a but_o if_o any_o man_n will_v yet_o more_o instant_o urge_v that_o they_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v we_o grant_v they_o may_v hear_v but_o most_o imperfect_o and_o for_o such_o imperfect_a sensation_n the_o water_n serve_v in_o steed_n of_o a_o medium_n but_o we_o speak_v here_o of_o perfect_a sensation_n where_o as_o the_o sensation_n of_o fish_n be_v not_o simple_o perfect_a but_o only_o in_o their_o own_o kind_n to_o wit_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v need_n of_o it_o last_o this_o condition_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v require_v to_o the_o perfect_a performance_n of_o sense_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v not_o too_o spacious_a or_o ample_a and_o also_o that_o it_o be_v not_o too_o narrow_a or_o little_a but_o what_o be_v the_o limit_n or_o extent_n of_o this_o medium_n that_o be_v how_o far_o or_o wide_o it_o ought_v to_o extend_v diverse_a the_o termination_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v diverse_a itself_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v determine_v for_o this_o limit_n or_o extent_n must_v almost_o infinite_o be_v vary_a according_a to_o the_o magnitude_n paruity_n and_o vehemency_n as_o also_o according_a to_o the_o vigour_n &_o strength_n or_o imbecility_n and_o weakness_n of_o the_o sense_n for_o we_o do_v not_o discern_v mountain_n city_n and_o whole_a country_n but_o a_o far_o off_o and_o lesser_a thing_n we_o do_v not_o see_v except_o they_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n so_o we_o do_v not_o perfect_o and_o without_o offence_n to_o the_o organ_n hear_v a_o vehement_a sound_n except_o there_o be_v a_o great_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o object_n nor_o a_o low_a voice_n except_o we_o be_v near_o unto_o it_o and_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v of_o the_o rest_n qvest._n xx._n what_o a_o object_n be_v a_o object_n or_o that_o which_o be_v sensible_a be_v a_o quality_n which_o move_v the_o organ_n and_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n and_o although_o that_o which_o be_v sensible_a be_v twofold_a a_o object_n be_v twofold_a two_o fold_n proper_a or_o common_a yet_o i_o conceive_v this_o definition_n to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o proper_a object_n unless_o haply_o it_o may_v agree_v to_o some_o of_o the_o common_a &_o therefore_o we_o will_v several_o define_v they_o both_o proper_a object_n therefore_o as_o aristotle_n witness_v in_o the_o 63._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la be_v those_o which_o can_v be_v be_v what_o a_o proper_a object_n be_v perceive_v with_o any_o other_o sense_n and_o about_o which_o the_o sense_n in_o discern_a be_v not_o deceive_v and_o this_o definition_n by_o itself_o agree_v to_o the_o thing_n define_v for_o in_o that_o sometime_o the_o sense_n err_v about_o their_o proper_a object_n it_o happen_v not_o of_o themselves_o but_o from_o some_o accident_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o depravation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o do_v concur_v to_o this_o sensation_n as_o for_o example_n when_o all_o thing_n appear_v yellow_a to_o those_o that_o be_v sick_a of_o the_o jaundice_n this_o happen_v because_o the_o eye_n be_v taint_v with_o the_o yellow_a colour_n of_o choler_n and_o when_o aguish_a man_n do_v judge_v sweet_a thing_n to_o be_v bitter_a it_o come_v also_o from_o choler_n where_o with_o the_o tongue_n be_v affect_v and_o that_o be_v object_n the_o sense_n be_v not_o deceive_v about_o his_o object_n from_o event_n &_o accident_n not_o from_o the_o proper_a condition_n of_o the_o sense_n wherefore_o see_v that_o when_o such_o impediment_n or_o let_n be_v remoove_v and_o the_o object_n medium_n and_o organ_n be_v natural_o dispose_v the_o sense_n can_v be_v deceive_v about_o his_o proper_a object_n it_o be_v by_o good_a right_n thus_o absolute_o define_v for_o the_o number_n of_o these_o object_n they_o be_v as_o many_o as_o be_v the_o sense_n for_o colour_n be_v the_o object_n of_o sight_n sound_v of_o hear_v odour_n of_o smell_a sapour_n of_o taste_v and_o tactile_a quality_n be_v how_o many_o proper_a object_n there_o be_v of_o touch_v common_a object_n be_v those_o which_o be_v perceive_v not_o of_o all_o the_o sense_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o but_o of_o more_o sense_n than_o one_o which_o aristotle_n teach_v very_o well_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la et_fw-la be_v what_o a_o common_a object_n be_v
have_v adhaer_v to_o a_o firm_a basis_n or_o foundation_n qvest._n xxvii_o two_o obscure_a and_o intricate_a question_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v resolve_v we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o discuss_v a_o very_a hard_a problem_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o enodation_n of_o which_o knot_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v have_v question_n first_o question_n not_o as_o yet_o be_v perform_v of_o any_o man_n and_o it_o be_v this_o wherefore_o the_o eye_n consider_v they_o have_v several_a distinct_a muscle_n by_o themselves_o be_v yet_o motion_n why_o the_o eye_n be_v move_v together_o with_o the_o same_o motion_n not_o move_v with_o diverse_a motion_n but_o be_v guide_v together_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o one_o and_o the_o same_o motion_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v that_o the_o right_a eye_n shall_v be_v move_v and_o the_o leave_v stand_v still_o neither_o can_v the_o right_n be_v lift_v up_o and_o the_o leave_v depress_v which_o identity_n of_o 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same_o yet_o will_v continual_o appear_v double_a and_o so_o the_o most_o noble_a sense_n will_v be_v deceive_v and_o the_o action_n of_o sight_n will_v be_v imperfect_a if_o this_o seem_v harsh_a to_o be_v believe_v you_o may_v thus_o make_v trial_n of_o it_o if_o you_o either_o lift_v up_o the_o one_o eye_n or_o depress_v it_o with_o your_o finger_n you_o shall_v see_v all_o object_n double_a and_o discern_v the_o one_o to_o be_v high_a and_o the_o other_o low_a because_o the_o one_o eye_n be_v move_v upward_o the_o other_o downward_o but_o if_o you_o shut_v either_o of_o they_o this_o double_a apparition_n of_o the_o object_n will_v vanish_v although_o you_o press_v that_o eye_n with_o your_o finger_n also_o if_o you_o move_v your_o eye_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n or_o to_o the_o left_a the_o object_n will_v not_o appear_v double_a because_o the_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n remain_v both_o in_o one_o line_n but_o wherefore_o upon_o the_o diverse_a motion_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o object_n be_v double_v be_v a_o thing_n solution_n question_n solution_n worthy_a to_o be_v understand_v galen_n in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o 10._o book_n de_fw-la usu_fw-la partium_fw-la write_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o visible_a cones_n or_o turbinate_v form_n must_v be_v place_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o plain_a lest_o that_o which_o be_v but_o one_o shall_v appear_v double_a but_o if_o one_o of_o the_o eye_n be_v move_v downward_o the_o apple_n of_o they_o both_o will_v not_o be_v in_o the_o same_o plain_a and_o the_o same_o superficies_n and_o so_o the_o object_n will_v appear_v double_a for_o then_o because_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o one_o eye_n do_v not_o equal_o reach_v the_o object_n as_o neither_o do_v the_o beam_n of_o the_o other_o that_o which_o the_o sense_n perceive_v twice_o it_o perceive_v as_o if_o it_o be_v double_a or_o two_o several_a thing_n which_o also_o happen_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v for_o if_o one_o finger_n be_v so_o fold_v 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interlocuter_n listen_v to_o advance_v themselves_o as_o we_o see_v in_o comedy_n it_o be_v very_o ordinary_a and_o by_o these_o sauce_n as_o it_o be_v of_o discourse_n be_v the_o hear_v more_o sumptuout_o feast_v but_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o stile_n in_o thing_n write_v and_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o sentence_n cause_v the_o reader_n to_o loathe_v it_o the_o second_o question_n be_v why_o a_o man_n voice_n which_o be_v sweet_a than_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o pipe_n be_v yet_o not_o judge_v sweet_a by_o the_o ear_n if_o a_o man_n imitate_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o pipe_n with_o his_o voice_n for_o when_o a_o man_n sing_v his_o voice_n be_v sweet_a than_o a_o pipe_n but_o a_o pipe_n be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o â—_o man_n voice_n when_o he_o whistle_v some_o resolve_v this_o problem_n thus_o that_o it_o so_o happen_v because_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o that_o which_o be_v counterfeit_v and_o feign_a and_o therefore_o when_o a_o man_n sing_v 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delight_v the_o ear_n because_o it_o be_v compound_v according_a to_o certain_a law_n derive_v or_o take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n neither_o be_v this_o only_a true_a in_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v but_o also_o in_o the_o object_n of_o the_o other_o sense_n for_o in_o a_o picture_n only_o those_o colour_n do_v delight_v the_o eye_n and_o in_o afeast_n those_o sapour_n the_o taste_n which_o be_v temper_v after_o a_o certain_a manner_n and_o proportion_n aristotle_n add_v further_a that_o not_o only_o musical_a sound_n such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v make_v according_a to_o art_n but_o those_o which_o they_o call_v modi_fw-la â—diectitij_fw-la that_o be_v extravagants_n such_o as_o we_o call_v the_o black_a santas_n do_v oft_o time_n delight_v we_o especial_o if_o we_o be_v accustom_v unto_o they_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o custom_n be_v another_o nature_n wherefore_o that_o which_o be_v by_o custom_n make_v proportionable_a be_v as_o well_o musical_a as_o that_o which_o be_v natural_o melodious_a a_o five_o question_n may_v be_v why_o he_o that_o sing_v the_o base_a be_v soon_o discover_v if_o he_o make_v problem_n 5._o problem_n any_o jar_n than_o he_o that_o sing_v the_o treble_a the_o like_a happen_v in_o number_n for_o in_o that_o which_o be_v great_a the_o error_n be_v more_o evident_a but_o let_v we_o give_v the_o reason_n we_o say_v therefore_o it_o be_v because_o the_o base_a sound_n consume_v more_o time_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n be_v better_a perceive_v by_o the_o ear_n but_o the_o treble_a sound_n be_v swift_a and_o do_v easy_o and_o sudden_o pass_v away_o a_o six_o question_n be_v why_o we_o do_v not_o hear_v well_o when_o we_o yawn_v i_o answer_v that_o in_o hear_n 6._o problem_n why_o yawn_a hinder_v our_o hear_n the_o act_n of_o yawn_a which_o the_o latin_n call_v oscitation_n we_o shake_v out_o and_o disquiet_v a_o dull_a and_o sluggish_a wind_n which_o lurk_v in_o the_o cranny_n and_o chink_n of_o the_o throat_n which_o wind_n 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be_v within_o the_o house_n do_v easy_o hear_v a_o noise_n that_o be_v make_v without_o because_o the_o sound_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n be_v contract_v gather_v or_o unite_v and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o move_v the_o sense_n more_o full_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o act_n of_o sight_n for_o be_v within_o door_n we_o see_v better_a that_o which_o be_v do_v without_o then_o if_o we_o be_v without_o door_n we_o shall_v discern_v what_o be_v do_v within_o for_o the_o species_n come_v from_o without_o into_o the_o house_n be_v gather_v and_o unite_v again_o the_o visive_a virtue_n of_o the_o eye_n within_o the_o house_n which_o undertake_v to_o view_v that_o which_o be_v without_o be_v easy_o dissipate_v or_o disunit_a the_o eight_o and_o last_o question_n shall_v be_v whether_o when_o many_o man_n talk_v together_o they_o can_v be_v hear_v further_a than_o if_o one_o man_n only_o speak_v imagine_v the_o voice_n to_o be_v equal_a this_o aristotle_n 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hear_v further_o than_o the_o voice_n of_o one_o man_n though_o he_o be_v loud_o than_o his_o fellow_n the_o noise_n of_o a_o frog_n be_v not_o great_a iwis_o yet_o what_o time_n they_o breed_v they_o may_v be_v hear_v many_o mile_n out_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o elie._n neither_o be_v we_o to_o wonder_v at_o this_o for_o we_o have_v example_n example_n example_n of_o the_o like_a in_o the_o object_n of_o other_o sense_n as_o many_o candle_n of_o a_o equal_a bigness_n will_v enlighten_v the_o air_n further_o than_o one_o candle_n though_o it_o be_v big_a than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o a_o heap_n of_o sand_n may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o on_o the_o seashore_n but_o a_o moat_n of_o sand_n can_v scarce_o be_v discern_v under_o the_o eye_n if_o therefore_o it_o be_v so_o in_o the_o visible_a object_n why_o shall_v we_o not_o acknowledge_v it_o in_o the_o audible_a for_o although_o the_o species_n of_o particular_a voice_n be_v not_o unite_v yet_o where_o there_o be_v a_o total_a 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the_o buy_v wherefore_o we_o return_v again_o to_o our_o anatomy_n qvest._n xliiii_o of_o the_o wonderful_a sympathy_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o eaere_n the_o palate_n the_o tongue_n and_o the_o throttle_v there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o do_v manifest_v this_o wonderful_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o communion_n of_o the_o ear_n with_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o voice_n which_o that_o genius_n of_o nature_n voice_n the_o sympathy_n of_o the_o ear_n &_o instrument_n of_o the_o voice_n aristotle_n in_o the_o 32._o section_n of_o his_o problem_n have_v declare_v for_o when_o we_o will_v hear_v any_o thing_n attentive_o we_o hold_v our_o breath_n when_o we_o yawn_v we_o do_v not_o hear_v so_o exquisite_o and_o if_o you_o goad_n the_o tympane_n of_o the_o ear_n with_o a_o penknife_n it_o will_v present_o cause_v a_o dry_a cough_n those_o which_o be_v half_o deaf_a do_v speak_v but_o stutter_o be_v their_o voice_n be_v make_v through_o their_o nose_n again_o those_o who_o from_o their_o birth_n be_v deaf_a be_v in_o like_a manner_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v be_v dumb_a last_o if_o you_o hold_v a_o instrument_n in_o your_o mouth_n or_o betwixt_o your_o tooth_n and_o stop_v your_o ear_n you_o shall_v hear_v more_o perfect_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o deaf_a man_n do_v hear_v best_o by_o their_o mouth_n all_o these_o be_v certain_a and_o plain_a argument_n of_o that_o communion_n and_o sympathy_n be_v whence_o this_o communion_n be_v which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o ear_n and_o the_o vocal_a instrument_n to_o wit_n the_o mouth_n the_o tongue_n and_o the_o throttle_v but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o communion_n be_v not_o know_v to_o all_o some_o think_v that_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n or_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o fifte_a conjugation_n and_o that_o of_o the_o seven_o which_o move_v the_o tongue_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o same_o coat_n from_o their_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o the_o affect_n of_o those_o part_n be_v easy_o communicate_v but_o 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not_o smell_v yet_o no_o man_n do_v ever_o say_v that_o the_o womb_n do_v respire_v but_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o that_o it_o take_v so_o great_a pleasure_n in_o sweet_a smell_v and_o be_v so_o offend_v savour_n the_o womb_n follow_v sweet_a savour_n with_o that_o which_o be_v noisome_a and_o abominable_a that_o it_o move_v and_o appli_v itself_o manifest_o unto_o the_o one_o and_o avoyd_v the_o other_o even_o with_o local_a and_o methematicall_a motion_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o we_o hold_v our_o breath_n we_o can_v smell_v and_o therefore_o this_o objection_n objection_n sense_n be_v not_o accomplish_v without_o inspiration_n placentinus_n answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o if_o a_o odour_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o nose_n and_o the_o breath_n retain_v no_o sense_n will_v be_v make_v solution_n solution_n and_o those_o who_o urge_v experience_n be_v deceive_v in_o their_o experiment_n for_o the_o breath_n can_v be_v so_o retain_v that_o nothing_o 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water_n be_v actual_o compound_v of_o four_o element_n those_o element_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o it_o actual_o for_o that_o which_o be_v potential_o can_v make_v a_o actual_a be_v or_o existence_n but_o we_o will_v say_v if_o the_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o fire_n why_o do_v not_o the_o fire_n warm_v it_o sure_o it_o do_v warm_v it_o although_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o remove_v all_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n that_o it_o solution_n solution_n shall_v appear_v warm_a unto_o the_o touchf_n or_o if_o the_o water_n be_v pure_a and_o sincere_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o will_v be_v much_o more_o cold_a than_o our_o water_n be_v and_o this_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o well_o water_n which_o be_v somewhat_o deep_a within_o the_o earth_n for_o they_o be_v hot_a in_o winter_n than_o they_o be_v in_o summer_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o winter_n the_o winter_n why_o well-water_n be_v warm_a in_o winter_n surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v condense_v or_o close_v up_o 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shall_v persist_v and_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o habitation_n of_o fish_n be_v the_o pure_a and_o sincere_a element_n of_o water_n free_a from_o the_o commixtion_n of_o other_o element_n than_o i_o say_v say_v placentinus_n that_o fish_n can_v smell_v at_o all_o my_o reason_n be_v first_o because_o no_o sense_n be_v move_v but_o by_o object_n but_o in_o water_n which_o be_v not_o adulterate_v with_o mixture_n of_o any_o heterogeny_n body_n can_v produce_v a_o object_n of_o smell_v for_o odour_n be_v in_o that_o which_o be_v dry_a now_o what_o be_v more_o moist_a and_o free_a from_o siccity_n then_o pure_a and_o simple_a water_n again_o if_o odoriferous_a thing_n by_o too_o plentiful_a effusion_n of_o moisture_n do_v loose_v their_o odour_n how_o can_v pure_a and_o sincere_a water_n have_v any_o odour_n therein_o if_o therefore_o fish_n do_v smell_v as_o aristotle_n and_o other_o classicke_a author_n do_v testify_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o siccity_n which_o come_v from_o the_o permixtion_n of_o air_n and_o fre._n if_o any_o man_n shall_v object_v that_o water_n have_v no_o smell_n in_o it_o because_o a_o man_n can_v perceive_v the_o odour_n thereof_o though_o he_o snuff_v it_o into_o his_o nose_n have_v notwithstanding_o a_o great_a perfection_n of_o this_o sense_n the_o fish_n have_v i_o answer_v that_o fish_n and_o those_o creature_n resspiration_n fish_n smell_v without_o resspiration_n that_o live_v in_o the_o water_n do_v smell_v without_o respiration_n or_o breathe_n and_o without_o those_o many_o help_n of_o the_o organ_n which_o be_v in_o man_n moreover_o the_o water_n be_v to_o fish_n a_o familiar_a element_n a_o little_a odour_n mix_v therewith_o may_v move_v and_o stir_v up_o their_o sense_n whereas_o in_o man_n there_o must_v be_v a_o hot_a steam_n raise_v from_o that_o which_o be_v odoriferous_a there_o must_v be_v also_o respiration_n through_o the_o nose_n to_o convey_v the_o same_o steam_n through_o the_o spongy_a bone_n unto_o the_o mammillary_a process_n before_o this_o sense_n in_o they_o can_v be_v move_v but_o whereas_o aristotle_n absolute_o conclude_v that_o fish_n do_v smell_v because_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o their_o meat_n that_o consequence_n we_o can_v so_o well_o approve_v for_o the_o choice_n or_o election_n of_o their_o meat_n may_v proceed_v from_o another_o cause_n when_o we_o be_v to_o buy_v any_o victual_n which_o we_o may_v not_o tak'_v weemake_n choice_n by_o our_o eye_n believe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v best_a colour_a be_v also_o best_a taste_v why_o shall_v we_o not_o therefore_o think_v that_o fish_n may_v make_v choice_n of_o their_o meat_n by_o their_o sight_n again_o all_o creature_n by_o a_o instinct_n of_o nature_n do_v desire_n and_o seek_v after_o that_o aliment_n which_o be_v proportionable_a unto_o they_o for_o what_o teach_v the_o infant_n in_o the_o womb_n to_o draw_v unto_o it_o the_o mother_n blood_n rather_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o her_o humour_n be_v it_o the_o smell_n of_o blood_n nothing_o infant_n how_o fish_n choose_v their_o meat_n by_o their_o sight_n by_o instinct_n as_o the_o infant_n less_o for_o the_o infant_n do_v not_o smell_v at_o all_o yea_o it_o draw_v the_o nourishment_n into_o the_o liver_n through_o the_o umbilicall_a vein_n by_o a_o natural_a instinct_n after_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v what_o make_v it_o to_o choose_v the_o mother_n milk_n before_o all_o other_o nourishment_n be_v it_o the_o odour_n or_o smell_n of_o the_o milk_n no_o for_o we_o see_v that_o when_o a_o infant_n be_v lay_v to_o the_o breast_n he_o sudden_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o natural_a force_n lap_v his_o tongue_n about_o the_o head_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o suck_v very_o strong_o shall_v we_o attribute_v this_o work_n of_o the_o infant_n to_o the_o smell_n rather_o than_o to_o a_o instinct_n
be_v dry_a it_o can_v possible_o be_v a_o competent_a medium_fw-la for_o it_o hence_o appear_v the_o invalidity_n of_o aristotle_n foundation_n to_o wit_n that_o fish_n do_v smell_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o the_o air_n only_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la of_o smell_a qvest._n liii_o after_o what_o manner_n a_o odour_n affect_v or_o change_v the_o medium_fw-la it_o be_v a_o great_a controversy_n among_o the_o master_n of_o philosophy_n how_o the_o odorable_a object_n do_v change_v the_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v whether_o that_o alteration_n be_v real_a or_o intentional_a auerhoe_n impugn_v avicen_n say_v it_o be_v do_v intentional_o as_o a_o colour_n be_v make_v of_o that_o which_o be_v colour_v and_o he_o reason_v on_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o odour_n shall_v be_v transport_v through_o the_o air_n together_o with_o a_o body_n then_o will_v there_o be_v a_o penetration_n of_o body_n which_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v and_o absurd_a to_o say_v but_o auerhoes_n be_v deceive_v because_o a_o intentional_a object_n can_v real_o move_v the_o sense_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o smell_v real_o that_o which_o he_o object_v concern_v colour_n we_o have_v dispute_v already_o in_o the_o precedent_a controversy_n add_v hereto_o that_o intentional_a being_n be_v produce_v from_o the_o soul_n and_o do_v depend_v thereon_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v call_v entia_fw-la rationis_fw-la notion_n of_o reason_n by_o this_o concession_n therefore_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o object_n be_v in_o the_o understanding_n before_o it_o be_v in_o the_o sense_n if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o a_o real_a object_n do_v make_v a_o impression_n of_o a_o intentional_a odour_n in_o the_o medium_fw-la do_v not_o auerhoe_n remember_v that_o rule_v axiom_n nihil_fw-la est_fw-la in_o intellectu_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la prius_fw-la fuerit_fw-la in_o sensu_fw-la that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v not_o first_o in_o the_o sense_n and_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n be_v remit_v or_o return_v unto_o the_o sense_n see_v thing_n be_v therefore_o receive_v into_o the_o sense_n that_o they_o may_v attain_v unto_o the_o understanding_n and_o whereas_o auerhoes_n say_v that_o there_o will_v be_v penetration_n of_o body_n if_o the_o odorable_a object_n do_v real_o alter_v the_o medium_fw-la i_o answer_v the_o consequence_n be_v not_o good_a for_o the_o air_n be_v a_o most_o liquid_a element_n do_v easy_o yield_v to_o any_o body_n add_v beside_o that_o afumid_a exhalation_n be_v mingle_v with_o the_o air_n may_v be_v carry_v and_o recary_v with_o it_o hither_o and_o thither_o after_o this_o manner_n also_o the_o opinion_n of_o philoponus_n and_o jandunus_fw-la may_v be_v refute_v who_o do_v affirm_v that_o the_o odour_n may_v real_o together_o with_o the_o exhalation_n be_v carry_v refute_v philoponus_n &_o jandunus_fw-la refute_v a_o good_a space_n through_o the_o medium_fw-la marry_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o attayn_v unto_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n be_v alter_v only_o intentional_o by_o the_o odour_n for_o a_o real_a be_v do_v always_o work_v real_o and_o that_o which_o be_v intentional_a depend_v upon_o our_o understanding_n but_o if_o some_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v real_o change_v and_o other_o part_n intentional_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o remote_a distance_n a_o great_a tract_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v real_o affect_v and_o in_o little_a distance_n as_o when_o we_o move_v the_o object_n to_o our_o nose_n but_o a_o little_a aegidius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o odour_n be_v real_o produce_v in_o the_o medium_fw-la as_o be_v the_o sound_n which_o say_v placentinus_n be_v utter_o false_a for_o not_o so_o much_o as_o colour_n which_o be_v simple_o aegidius_n as_o also_o aegidius_n and_o immediate_o make_v out_o of_o the_o mixtion_n of_o the_o first_o quality_n can_v possible_o after_o any_o manner_n be_v receive_v in_o the_o air_n how_o then_o shall_v odour_n which_o be_v a_o second_o quality_n be_v generate_v in_o the_o air_n furthermore_o second_v quality_n can_v mutual_o work_v one_o upon_o another_o for_o one_o white_a can_v produce_v another_o white_a no_o more_o can_v one_o odour_n which_o expire_v or_o breathe_v out_o of_o a_o body_n beget_v another_o odour_n in_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o for_o this_o cause_n we_o also_o most_o disclaim_v ammonius_n and_o boetius_fw-la who_o say_v that_o a_o odour_n may_v pass_v out_o of_o one_o subject_n into_o another_o for_o although_o it_o proceed_v together_o with_o the_o exhalation_n boetius_fw-la with_o ammonius_n &_o boetius_fw-la out_o of_o the_o body_n into_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o change_v his_o subject_n nor_o flit_v into_o another_o but_o the_o air_n be_v make_v vapoury_a sustain_v the_o exhalation_n together_o with_o the_o odour_n conserve_v it_o and_o be_v a_o vehickle_a unto_o it_o yet_o when_o the_o vapour_n be_v dissipate_v the_o odour_n vanish_v together_o therewith_o which_o will_v not_o happen_v if_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o flit_v or_o move_v out_o of_o one_o subject_n into_o another_o we_o therefore_o with_o avicen_n do_v resolve_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v real_o change_v for_o that_o the_o odour_n do_v real_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o mix_a body_n we_o have_v prove_v before_o from_o whence_o redeem_v avicen_n redeem_v it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la to_o wit_n that_o upon_o which_o the_o odoriferous_a exhalation_n do_v immediate_o work_n be_v real_o affect_v again_o odour_n do_v real_o affect_v the_o medium_fw-la be_v real_o affect_v attain_v even_o unto_o the_o brain_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v real_o affect_v those_o therefore_o that_o say_v it_o be_v affect_v intentional_o as_o also_o those_o that_o confess_v some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v affect_v real_o but_o other_o part_n intentional_o have_v sit_v down_o beside_o the_o cushion_n but_o although_o the_o odour_n proceed_v real_o out_o of_o the_o subject_n and_o reach_v real_o unto_o the_o brain_n yet_o no_o man_n must_v conceive_v that_o the_o odour_n be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a medium_fw-la from_o the_o object_n even_o unto_o the_o organ_n but_o it_o be_v waft_v upon_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o wind_n or_o transport_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n that_o a_o odour_n attayn_v real_o unto_o the_o brain_n may_v brain_n for_o they_o real_o affect_v the_o brain_n be_v prove_v because_o such_o odour_n do_v sometime_o help_v and_o sometime_o hurt_v the_o detriment_n seem_v not_o to_o proceed_v from_o the_o odour_n but_o from_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o accompany_v the_o odour_n that_o be_v the_o exhalation_n for_o the_o odour_n be_v a_o quality_n can_v have_v in_o it_o that_o hurtful_a quality_n unless_o you_o will_v grant_v that_o a_o quality_n can_v be_v in_o a_o quality_n neither_o do_v the_o quality_n only_o of_o exhalation_n affect_v the_o brain_n but_o sometime_o some_o seed_n of_o the_o instance_n confirm_a by_o a_o strange_a instance_n very_a substance_n of_o body_n that_o be_v of_o subtle_a part_n be_v transport_v in_o the_o exhalation_n which_o settle_v in_o the_o brain_n bring_v forth_o fearful_a accident_n and_o strange_a effect_n as_o it_o do_v in_o he_o who_o smell_v oft_o upon_o basill_n have_v a_o scorpion_n breed_v in_o his_o brain_n it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a sense_n science_n be_v from_o the_o sense_n we_o shall_v believe_v that_o the_o odour_n be_v real_o perceive_v by_o the_o organ_n for_o confirmation_n whereof_o we_o may_v also_o add_v this_o argument_n because_o all_o knowledge_n or_o science_n have_v his_o original_n from_o the_o sense_n now_o science_n be_v of_o a_o real_a not_o of_o a_o intentional_a be_v how_o then_o shall_v science_n which_o have_v a_o real_a subject_n take_v his_o beginning_n from_o the_o sense_n if_o they_o receive_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o be_v intentional_a it_o be_v therefore_o manifest_a that_o the_o sense_n do_v not_o perceive_v their_o object_n intentional_o but_o real_o and_o by_o consequent_a that_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v also_o real_o affect_v but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v if_o the_o odour_n be_v real_o imprint_v in_o the_o organ_n than_o there_o be_v no_o objection_n objection_n need_n of_o a_o external_a medium_fw-la and_o beside_o that_o axiom_n will_v be_v false_a that_o the_o object_n upon_o the_o sense_n do_v not_o make_v sensation_n we_o grant_v indeed_o that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o medium_fw-la which_o shall_v be_v betwixt_o the_o real_a odour_n and_o organ_n but_o the_o use_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v for_o the_o conservation_n preparation_n and_o solution_n solution_n transportation_n of_o the_o odour_n qvest._n liiii_o what_o be_v the_o true_a and_o principal_a organ_n of_o smell_v where_o aristotle_n be_v confute_v galen_n have_v often_o
one_o kind_n of_o food_n or_o other_o when_o the_o sense_n of_o pleasure_n be_v take_v away_o they_o abstain_v from_o those_o meat_n or_o take_v but_o little_a and_o so_o pine_v away_o to_o death_n and_o this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o other_o man_n concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o taste_n ay_o say_v placentinus_n do_v rather_o think_v it_o therefore_o necessary_a because_o when_o it_o be_v lose_v the_o creature_n take_v all_o meat_n indifferent_o &_o by_o that_o mean_n taste_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v often_o extinguish_v by_o poison_n in_o steed_n of_o nourishment_n see_v therefore_o that_o perpetual_a nutrition_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a unto_o life_n therefore_o nature_n ordain_v this_o sense_n to_o take_v the_o assay_n which_o be_v fit_a shall_v be_v very_o exquisite_a because_o the_o lord_n it_o serve_v which_o be_v nutrition_n be_v the_o principal_a act_n for_o which_o the_o creature_n be_v ordain_v we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o of_o all_o the_o action_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o taste_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o servant_n and_o attendant_n there-unto_a especial_o mastication_n qvest._n xlvi_o whether_o the_o taste_n differ_v from_o the_o touch._n the_o taste_n be_v one_o of_o the_o five_o external_a sense_n whereby_o we_o discern_v the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n this_o sense_n have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v touch_v what_o taste_n be_v and_o how_o never_o a_o kin_n to_o touch_v in_o so_o much_o that_o some_o have_v make_v no_o distinction_n between_o they_o but_o have_v place_v the_o taste_n under_o the_o touch_n as_o the_o species_n under_o the_o genus_fw-la for_o which_o they_o have_v not_o only_a aristotle_n authority_n but_o very_o strong_a reason_n the_o authority_n they_o produce_v be_v these_o arist_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la et_fw-la sensilt_n say_v that_o the_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v again_o in_o many_o place_n he_o affirm_v that_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v as_o in_o the_o 4._o chap._n of_o the_o book_n before_o name_v in_o the_o 64_o text_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la in_o the_o 17_o chap._n of_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr partibus_fw-la animalium_fw-la &_o in_o authority_n aristotle_n authority_n infinite_a other_o place_n but_o these_o authority_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v of_o any_o great_a consequence_n because_o the_o same_o aristotle_n do_v oftentimes_o affirm_v that_o all_o sense_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v from_o whence_o it_o will_v as_o well_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o sense_n that_o be_v the_o touch_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a we_o must_v not_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o the_o taste_n and_o question_n call_v into_o question_n the_o touch_n be_v all_o one_o because_o aristotle_n say_v that_o the_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch._n it_o seem_v to_o i_o notwithstanding_o that_o there_o be_v something_o in_o it_o why_o particular_o entreat_v in_o diverse_a place_n concern_v the_o taste_n he_o call_v it_o rather_o a_o touch_n than_o the_o other_o sense_n especial_o in_o his_o proper_a tractate_n of_o this_o sense_n whereas_o he_o give_v no_o such_o attribute_n to_o any_o other_o of_o the_o sense_n for_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr visu_fw-la he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o see_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n nor_o shall_v you_o find_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o hear_v and_o of_o smell_a any_o such_o matter_n further_o this_o opinion_n be_v confirm_v by_o aristotle_n argument_n because_o he_o ascribe_v expound_v and_o expound_v the_o same_o object_n to_o both_o these_o sense_n for_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr gustu_fw-la that_o which_o be_v gustable_a or_o fit_a to_o be_v taste_v be_v also_o tangible_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v touch_v and_o compare_v the_o taste_n with_o the_o touch_n that_o there_o be_v the_o very_a same_o reason_n and_o nature_n of_o they_o both_o yea_o that_o they_o differ_v nothing_o one_o from_o another_o but_o in_o the_o 28._o text_n of_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la he_o speak_v of_o set_a purpose_n avouch_v the_o very_a same_o for_o he_o say_v not_o only_o that_o that_o which_o be_v gustable_a be_v also_o tangible_a but_o also_o that_o the_o touch_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o aliment_n and_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o text_n express_o name_v the_o object_n of_o taste_n he_o say_v that_o a_o sapor_n be_v one_o of_o those_o which_o be_v perceive_v by_o touch_v and_o in_o the_o 63._o text_n of_o the_o same_o book_n more_o plain_o thus_o wherefore_o the_o taste_n itself_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v for_o it_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o aliment_n now_o aliment_n be_v a_o body_n which_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o touch._n if_o therefore_o taste_v and_o touch_v have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o object_n sure_o they_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o from_o the_o plurality_n and_o diversity_n of_o object_n the_o plurality_n and_o diversity_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v gather_v so_o from_o a_o unity_n and_o identity_n of_o the_o object_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v there_o shall_v follow_v also_o a_o unity_n and_o identity_n of_o the_o sense_n they_o add_v also_o a_o argument_n gather_v out_o of_o aristotle_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr gustu_fw-la on_o this_o manner_n taste_n and_o touch_v do_v equal_o perceive_v that_o which_o be_v moist_a yea_o moisture_n though_o it_o be_v insipid_a some_o say_n may_v be_v discern_v by_o the_o taste_n see_v therefore_o the_o object_n of_o the_o touch_n may_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n reciprocal_o by_o the_o touch_n they_o must_v not_o be_v esteem_v distinct_a sense_n final_o they_o add_v out_o of_o aristotle_n that_o in_o the_o 23._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o in_o the_o 68_o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o touch_v only_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o creature_n and_o again_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la as_o also_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n save_o one_o of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la he_o say_v that_o a_o creature_n can_v be_v without_o the_o taste_n wherefore_o say_v they_o aristotle_n think_v that_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch_n be_v both_o one_o otherwise_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o repugnancy_n betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n all_o these_o particular_a instance_n out_o of_o aristotle_n do_v at_o the_o first_o blush_n seem_v to_o prove_v that_o he_o be_v of_o their_o mind_n but_o if_o we_o look_v somewhat_o more_o narrow_o into_o they_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n gather_v from_o aristotle_n by_o good_a and_o lawful_a consequence_n for_o first_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o demonstrate_v the_o affinity_n betwixt_o these_o two_o sense_n for_o if_o he_o have_v mean_v that_o the_o taste_n and_o authority_n answer_v to_o aristotle_n authority_n the_o touch_n do_v not_o differ_v in_o specie_fw-la he_o will_v never_o have_v say_v that_o gustus_n be_v tactus_n quidam_fw-la but_o simple_o and_o plain_o gustus_n be_v tactus_n he_o will_v not_o have_v say_v that_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n but_o that_o taste_n be_v a_o touch._n neither_o be_v we_o to_o wonder_v why_o aristotle_n speak_v in_o instance_n to_o the_o first_o instance_n this_o manner_n rather_o of_o this_o sense_n then_o of_o any_o other_o be_v it_o not_o because_o none_o of_o the_o other_o sense_n have_v any_o such_o acquaintance_n or_o familiarity_n with_o the_o touch_n as_o the_o taste_n have_v consider_v first_o that_o the_o taste_n as_o also_o the_o touch_n be_v make_v without_o a_o medium_n so_o be_v not_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o as_o well_o in_o the_o taste_n as_o in_o the_o touch_v the_o object_n must_v touch_v the_o organ_n so_o that_o their_o extreme_a part_n be_v contiguous_a one_o unto_o another_o touch._n the_o affiâ—â—ity_n betwixt_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch._n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o gustable_a object_n be_v above_o that_o which_o taste_v make_v gustation_n whereas_o in_o other_o sense_n there_o be_v no_o comprehension_n of_o the_o object_n by_o the_o organ_n save_v by_o the_o interposition_n or_o mediation_n of_o a_o medium_n or_o middle_a body_n final_o the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v more_o endow_v with_o tactile_a quality_n than_o the_o object_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sense_n as_o be_v more_o corporeal_a material_a earthy_a and_o to_o speak_v in_o a_o word_n correspondent_a or_o answerable_a to_o the_o tactile_a object_n so_o that_o aristotle_n may_v well_o say_v that_o
that_o which_o be_v gustable_a be_v a_o kind_n of_o tangible_a see_v therefore_o this_o sense_n of_o taste_v have_v so_o many_o more_o condition_n concur_v with_o the_o touch_n then_o the_o other_o sense_n it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o aristotle_n so_o often_o compare_v the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n of_o speech_n confound_v they_o but_o be_v more_o spare_v in_o the_o collation_n of_o the_o touch_n with_o the_o other_o sense_n and_o hence_o we_o may_v shape_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o authority_n for_o instance_n answer_v to_o the_o second_o instance_n he_o do_v not_o say_v simple_o gustabile_fw-la est_fw-la tangibile_fw-la but_o gustabile_fw-la est_fw-la quoddam_fw-la tangibile_fw-la add_v a_o conditional_a particle_n whereby_o he_o will_v intimate_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a vicinity_n or_o neighbourhood_n betwixt_o these_o two_o kind_n of_o object_n yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o they_o do_v so_o differ_v that_o they_o do_v not_o fall_v under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sense_n the_o three_o argument_n be_v weighty_a and_o difficult_a for_o without_o any_o condition_n or_o limitation_n he_o say_v that_o a_o sapor_n be_v perceive_v by_o the_o touch_n and_o that_o the_o touch_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o aliment_n three_o to_o the_o three_o notwithstanding_o we_o answer_v that_o aristotle_n do_v not_o take_v a_o sapor_n as_o it_o be_v a_o quality_n answer_n first_o answer_n proper_o gustable_a but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o gustable_a body_n for_o this_o body_n be_v indeed_o perceyve_v by_o the_o touch_v not_o as_o it_o be_v gustable_a but_o in_o respect_n that_o beside_o the_o sapour_fw-la it_o have_v also_o many_o tangible_a or_o tactile_a quality_n add_v moreover_o that_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o aristotle_n use_v do_v not_o only_o signify_v a_o sapor_n but_o also_o a_o ivice_n and_o humour_n endue_v with_o a_o sapour_fw-la whence_o the_o physician_n call_v those_o meat_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o which_o be_v well-tasted_n but_o which_o yield_v a_o profitable_a and_o alimentarie_a answer_n the_o 2._o answer_n blood_n uâ—to_o the_o body_n again_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o call_v those_o meat_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o yield_v a_o bad_a and_o vicious_a ivice_n and_o that_o disease_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o the_o body_n abound_v with_o â—ull_a and_o victous_a no_o rishment_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o believe_v that_o aristotle_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v because_o so_o oftentimes_o he_o testify_v that_o sapor_n have_v his_o residence_n or_o be_v in_o humidity_n or_o that_o which_o be_v humid_a and_o moist_a i_o may_v also_o say_v that_o aristotle_n speak_v in_o that_o place_n of_o that_o sapour_fw-la which_o nourish_v now_o a_o sapour_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o gustable_a quality_n do_v not_o nourish_v because_o that_o which_o be_v incorporeal_a answer_n three_o answer_n can_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o body_n but_o that_o which_o nourish_v must_v of_o necessity_n be_v convert_v into_o the_o body_n that_o be_v nourish_v it_o be_v therefore_o no_o question_n but_o that_o when_o aristotle_n speak_v of_o a_o sopor_fw-la he_o mean_v it_o de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la sapido_fw-la that_o be_v of_o a_o body_n which_o be_v not_o without_o sapour_n or_o taste_n and_o indeed_o a_o sapid_a body_n may_v nourish_v so_o say_v avicen_n that_o which_o avicen_n avicen_n have_v a_o good_a taste_n do_v also_o nourish_v not_o that_o the_o sapor_n or_o taste_n do_v nourish_v but_o the_o substance_n wherein_o the_o sapor_n do_v consist_v on_o this_o manner_n also_o be_v aristotle_n to_o be_v expound_v where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o touch_n four_o to_o the_o four_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o aliment_n for_o he_o do_v not_o mean_a that_o it_o fall_v under_o the_o touch_n and_o under_o the_o taste_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o in_o the_o same_o respect_n but_o under_o the_o touch_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o tactile_a quality_n under_o the_o taste_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o sapor_n it_o be_v as_o much_o therefore_o as_o if_o he_o say_v because_o the_o aliment_n as_o it_o be_v a_o body_n can_v be_v find_v without_o tactile_a quality_n the_o touch_v indeed_o perceive_v these_o quality_n but_o it_o perceyve_v not_o the_o sapor_n as_o it_o be_v a_o sapour_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o the_o 63_o text_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la after_o he_o have_v say_v that_o the_o touch_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o aliment_n he_o explain_v himself_o after_o this_o manner_n but_o the_o aliment_n be_v a_o body_n which_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o touch._n see_v therefore_o the_o aliment_n be_v a_o body_n it_o must_v have_v both_o tactile_a and_o gustale_a quality_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v true_o call_v the_o object_n both_o of_o the_o taste_n and_o of_o the_o touch_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o object_n of_o neither_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v a_o aliment_n but_o of_o the_o touch_n as_o it_o be_v moist_a and_o dry_a hard_a and_o soft_a of_o the_o taste_n as_o it_o be_v sweet_a bitter_a salt_n and_o the_o like_a as_o for_o the_o reason_n which_o they_o allege_v out_o of_o aristotle_n i_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v of_o no_o weight_n because_o aristotle_n have_v no_o such_o intention_n yet_o we_o may_v grant_v that_o moisture_n be_v perceive_v by_o the_o fifte_n to_o the_o fifte_n taste_v not_o as_o it_o be_v moisture_n but_o as_o it_o be_v sapid_a and_o that_o insapide_a moisture_n or_o moisture_n without_o taste_n may_v be_v discern_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v that_o i_o utter_o deny_v concern_v the_o necessity_n that_o which_o they_o urge_v be_v mere_o frivolous_a for_o aristotle_n suppon_v that_o the_o touch_n be_v simple_o necessary_a so_o that_o the_o creature_n without_o it_o can_v subsist_v sixt._n to_o the_o sixt._n but_o the_o taste_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o touch_n because_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v yet_o we_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o taste_v also_o be_v necessary_a secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la as_o we_o say_v in_o school_n that_o be_v not_o of_o itself_o but_o because_o the_o creature_n want_v nourishment_n it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o either_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch_n shall_v be_v both_o one_o or_o else_o that_o a_o imputation_n shall_v be_v cast_v upon_o aristotle_n for_o contradict_v himself_o it_o may_v be_v also_o object_v that_o because_o both_o the_o taste_n and_o the_o touch_n be_v both_o in_o one_o &_o objection_n objection_n the_o same_o tongue_n that_o therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o sense_n but_o the_o consequence_n be_v not_o good_a for_o there_o be_v no_o organ_n of_o sense_n which_o beside_o his_o proper_a faculty_n of_o solution_n solution_n sensation_n be_v not_o also_o furnish_v with_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v but_o because_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v be_v not_o always_o find_v where_o touch_v be_v and_o where_o it_o be_v find_v there_o be_v no_o other_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n i_o conclude_v that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o other_o sense_n but_o the_o taste_n also_o be_v a_o distinct_a and_o different_a sense_n from_o the_o touch._n qvest._n lvii_o of_o the_o object_n of_o taste_v the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la be_v not_o only_o more_o evident_a and_o manifest_a unto_o we_o then_o the_o odour_n why_o the_o object_n of_o taste_n be_v more_o evident_a than_o other_o sense_n and_o why_o be_v but_o also_o then_o all_o other_o sensible_a object_n the_o reason_n we_o may_v give_v out_o of_o the_o same_o place_n of_o aristotle_n because_o the_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v which_o sense_n in_o a_o man_n be_v more_o perfect_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n now_o the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v that_o which_o be_v gustabile_fw-la or_o gustile_a which_o wordesignifi_v two_o thing_n to_o wit_n a_o sapour_fw-la or_o quality_n and_o affection_n seat_v in_o a_o sapide_a body_n and_o the_o body_n itself_o wherein_o the_o sapour_fw-la be_v but_o the_o sapour_fw-la be_v the_o proper_a and_o adequated_a or_o proportionable_a gustabile_fw-la 2._o signification_n of_o gustabile_fw-la object_n of_o the_o taste_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n appropriate_v the_o word_n gustabile_fw-la to_o a_o sapour_fw-la as_o say_v he_o visible_a est_fw-la colour_n sic_fw-la gustabile_fw-la est_fw-la sapour_fw-la as_o that_o which_o be_v visible_a be_v a_o colour_n so_o that_o which_o be_v gustile_a be_v a_o sapour_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o a_o gustable_a body_n be_v no_o way_n gustile_a or_o to_o be_v taste_v but_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o sapour_fw-la yet_o he_o oftentimes_o put_v gustabile_fw-la for_o sapor_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o a_o sapour_fw-la have_v no_o existence_n of_o itself_o neither_o can_v it_o move_v the_o
for_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o membarne_v the_o extremity_n thereof_o reach_v unto_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n to_o defer_v and_o confer_v the_o faculty_n thereunto_o answer_n objection_n answer_n but_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o if_o this_o coat_n or_o membrane_n be_v ill_o affect_v the_o taste_n be_v therewithal_o deprave_a we_o yield_v it_o to_o be_v true_a yet_o not_o because_o the_o taste_n be_v perfect_v in_o that_o part_n but_o because_o this_o membrane_n concur_v to_o the_o action_n of_o sensation_n without_o which_o in_o deed_n we_o can_v taste_v so_o in_o the_o eye_n if_o the_o horny_a membrane_n be_v violate_v the_o sight_n be_v then_o deprave_a and_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o horny_a membrane_n be_v the_o chief_a organ_n of_o sight_n and_o thus_o we_o must_v understand_v galen_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o 4._o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la expound_v galen_n expound_v affectis_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o taste_n be_v vitiate_a if_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v distemper_v or_o we_o may_v say_v that_o this_o membrane_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o taster_n to_o the_o taste_n which_o office_n it_o have_v partly_o from_o his_o own_o proper_a temperament_n partly_o from_o the_o soft_a nerve_n which_o be_v insert_v thereinto_o unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o these_o nerve_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o membrane_n by_o nature_n to_o give_v it_o a_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o touch_v whereof_o the_o tongue_n stand_v in_o need_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o substance_n which_o assertion_n will_v not_o be_v against_o reason_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tongue_n have_v a_o exact_a sense_n of_o touch_v nor_o altogether_o devoyde_a of_o taste_v not_o that_o it_o taste_v at_o all_o of_o itself_o but_o be_v conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n contiguous_a yea_o continual_a and_o grow_a to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n it_o concur_v withal_o to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o action_n so_o as_o without_o it_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v can_v be_v perfect_v nor_o accomplish_v notwithstanding_o we_o find_v another_o principal_a part_n to_o which_o as_o this_o membrane_n so_o all_o the_o other_o adjacent_a part_n be_v substitute_v by_o nature_n as_o helper_n and_o handmaid_n and_o that_o be_v the_o proper_a and_o spungy_a flesh_n or_o pulp_n of_o the_o tongue_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o have_v a_o substance_n such_o as_o you_o can_v no_o where_n find_v the_o like_a in_o the_o whole_a body_n the_o temperament_n also_o thereof_o organ_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v the_o true_a organ_n be_v apt_a and_o to_o entertain_v and_o receive_v sapour_n for_o it_o be_v moist_a and_o hot_a near_o of_o kin_n unto_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o sapour_fw-la that_o it_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v alter_v thereby_o and_o indeed_o for_o the_o make_n of_o this_o sensation_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o organ_n shall_v put_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o argument_n argument_n the_o object_n which_o aristotle_n mean_v when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o organ_n must_v potential_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n which_o the_o object_n be_v actual_o that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v alter_v &_o actual_o receive_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o object_n for_o how_o shall_v it_o judge_v of_o the_o object_n unless_o it_o do_v put_v on_o the_o quality_n thereof_o add_v hereto_o that_o it_o have_v a_o ingenite_fw-la humidity_n that_o those_o object_n which_o be_v potential_o moist_a as_o salt_n be_v be_v by_o this_o organ_n actual_o make_v moist_a may_v become_v sapide_v that_o free_o and_o frank_o exhibit_v his_o sapour_n again_o what_o great_a argument_n can_v there_o be_v that_o this_o flesh_n shall_v be_v the_o organ_n of_o taste_v then_o because_o it_o be_v spungy_a for_o taste_n be_v never_o make_v unless_o the_o moisture_n that_o carry_v the_o sapour_fw-la be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o organ_n of_o taste_v to_o which_o purpose_v nothing_o be_v so_o fit_a as_o the_o spungy_a pulp_n of_o the_o tongue_n moreover_o all_o the_o other_o sense_n be_v double_a and_o therefore_o nature_n though_o she_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o make_v the_o tongue_n single_a for_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o voice_n and_o such_o other_o circumstance_n as_o we_o have_v particularise_v in_o our_o history_n yet_o that_o it_o may_v be_v after_o a_o sort_n double_a she_o have_v draw_v a_o line_n through_o the_o midst_n whereby_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o a_o right_a side_n and_o a_o left_a on_o that_o manner_n there_o be_v no_o part_n in_o the_o mouth_n divide_v but_o in_o the_o mouth_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o taste_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v belong_v only_o to_o the_o tongue_n qvest._n lxiii_o whether_o the_o tongue_n alone_o do_v taste_n we_o hauce_n prove_v that_o the_o flesh_n or_o pulp_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v the_o true_a instrument_n of_o taste_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o this_o action_n belong_v only_o to_o this_o part_n or_o may_v also_o be_v communicate_v unto_o other_o that_o it_o may_v be_v communicate_v to_o other_o part_n some_o argument_n be_v urge_v first_o communicate_v that_o it_o may_v be_v communicate_v the_o taste_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_v but_o touch_v be_v diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o body_n it_o may_v seem_v therefore_o that_o the_o taste_n be_v also_o diffuse_v through_o more_o part_n than_o one_o especial_o so_o far_o as_o the_o meat_n do_v attain_v that_o be_v into_o the_o mouth_n the_o gullet_n and_o stomach_n again_o there_o yssu_v out_o of_o the_o brain_n a_o soft_a nerve_n which_o be_v simple_a and_o single_a in_o his_o original_n but_o when_o it_o have_v pace_v a_o little_a forward_a from_o the_o skull_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o tongue_n the_o other_o into_o the_o low_a part_n three_o we_o see_v that_o the_o stomach_n do_v reject_v and_o cast_v up_o some_o meat_n by_o vomit_n other_o it_o embrace_v and_o contain_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o gullet_n swallow_v some_o meat_n well_o and_o free_o other_o not_o without_o loathe_v and_o much_o difficulty_n yea_o some_o meat_n because_o of_o the_o enmity_n betwixt_o the_o stomach_n and_o their_o taste_n even_o after_o they_o be_v down_o be_v cast_v up_o again_o it_o may_v therefore_o be_v demand_v how_o this_o choice_n can_v be_v make_v this_o loathe_n or_o like_v stir_v up_o unless_o we_o say_v that_o the_o stomach_n and_o the_o gullet_n do_v taste_n and_o distinguish_v the_o difference_n of_o sapour_n add_v hereto_o the_o authority_n of_o aristotle_n who_o in_o the_o 11_o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n departibus_fw-la animalium_fw-la say_v that_o fish_n in_o their_o swallow_a do_v take_v pleasure_n and_o have_v a_o sense_n of_o the_o meat_n that_o pass_v into_o their_o maw_n without_o doubt_v these_o argument_n be_v not_o to_o be_v contemn_v and_o yet_o we_o will_v make_v answer_n unto_o they_o to_o the_o first_o we_o say_v that_o though_o the_o taste_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o touch_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a first_o answer_v to_o the_o first_o that_o it_o shall_v in_o all_o condition_n answer_v or_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o touch._n to_o the_o second_o that_o although_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o tongue_n do_v transmit_v second_o to_o the_o second_o another_o branch_n to_o the_o gullet_n and_o the_o stomach_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o gullet_n and_o the_o stomach_n must_v taste_v for_o the_o soft_a nerve_n do_v transport_v the_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n yet_o that_o the_o eye_n see_v colour_n the_o ear_n hear_v sound_n the_o nose_n perceive_v odour_n or_o savour_n be_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o nerve_n but_o because_o of_o the_o disposition_n and_o temperament_n of_o organ_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o sense_n depend_v on_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o organ_n the_o organ_n for_o the_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n be_v every_o where_o one_o and_o the_o same_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n in_o the_o faculty_n whereby_o we_o hear_v nor_o in_o the_o faculty_n whereby_o we_o smell_v from_o the_o faculty_n whereby_o we_o taste_v but_o all_o the_o difference_n arise_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o organ_n the_o foot_n will_v see_v and_o the_o elbow_n will_v hear_v and_o the_o side_n will_v smell_v and_o the_o crown_n will_v taste_v if_o in_o these_o part_n there_o be_v a_o disposition_n to_o receive_v the_o object_n of_o these_o sense_n in_o like_a manner_n although_o the_o gullet_n and_o the_o stomach_n do_v receive_v a_o soft_a nerve_n yet_o the_o gullet_n and_o the_o stomach_n do_v not_o taste_v because_o they_o be_v not_o dispose_v thereto_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o nature_n have_v give_v they_o this_o soft_a nerve_n we_o may_v find_v in_o galens_n 2_o chapter_n of_o his_o 16._o book_n
be_v into_o the_o lateral_a or_o side_n part_n thereof_o and_o they_o be_v sometime_o perforate_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o muscle_n which_o open_v the_o jaw_n they_o move_v the_o bone_n towards_o the_o side_n and_o somewhat_o upward_o the_o four_o pair_n be_v call_v coracohyoeidei_n tab._n 6._o fig._n 2._o v._o v._o tab._n 7_o fig._n 3_o v_z v_o they_o lie_v lurk_v under_o the_o four_o muscle_n of_o the_o shoulderblade_n as_o vesalius_n and_o platerus_n have_v note_v pair_n the_o 4._o pair_n they_o be_v slender_a and_o long_a and_o do_v arise_v out_o of_o the_o process_n call_v carocoeides_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o shoulderblade_n near_o his_o neck_n and_o do_v run_v oblique_o upwarde_a under_o the_o seven_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n and_o be_v implant_v where_o the_o three_o pair_n be_v into_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o low_a process_n of_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr and_o these_o draw_v downward_o unto_o the_o side_n this_o be_v a_o long_a pair_n on_o either_o side_n fleshy_a and_o have_v a_o double_a belly_n and_o therefore_o galen_n call_v they_o digastrick_n but_o in_o the_o middle_n they_o be_v slender_a and_o nervous_a as_o be_v the_o four_o muscle_n of_o the_o jaw_n and_o the_o five_o proper_a muscle_n of_o the_o larynx_n and_o extenuate_v into_o the_o form_n almost_o of_o a_o tendon_n haply_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o seven_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n which_o here_o run_v over_o he_o k_o as_o to_o his_o better_a concern_v the_o use_n of_o these_o muscle_n we_o crave_v leave_v to_o add_v yet_o a_o little_a more_o some_o think_v they_o be_v not_o ordain_v for_o motion_n but_o rather_o for_o tension_n to_o tie_v establish_v &_o suspend_v arantius_n a_o addition_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o these_o muscle_n laurentius_n archangelus_n arantius_n the_o bone_n hyoide_v so_o say_v laurentius_n other_o as_o archangelus_n think_v they_o serve_v for_o diglutition_n and_o that_o they_o be_v the_o proper_a muscle_n of_o the_o hyois_n other_o as_o arantius_n because_o this_o bone_n be_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o because_o the_o basis_n of_o any_o thing_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v move_v but_o that_o also_o must_v be_v move_v which_o be_v establish_v upon_o that_o basis_n do_v thence_o determine_v that_o these_o muscle_n do_v move_v the_o tongue_n and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o because_o the_o manifold_a and_o frequent_a motion_n of_o the_o tongue_n can_v hardly_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v accomplish_v by_o so_o few_o and_o so_o small_a muscle_n as_o determine_v or_o end_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n wherefore_o these_o may_v be_v call_v the_o common_a muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o the_o hyois_n into_o which_o certain_a nerve_n be_v distribute_v from_o the_o sixth_o conjugation_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o tongue_n have_v three_o end_n in_o nature_n to_o speak_v to_o taste_v and_o to_o roll_v the_o meat_n in_o the_o mouth_n which_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o motion_n and_o therefore_o nature_n have_v allot_v unto_o it_o muscle_n which_o from_o those_o three_o action_n may_v be_v call_v the_o tongue_n three_o use_n of_o the_o tongue_n talker_n the_o taster_n and_o the_o ruler_n of_o meat_n in_o man_n the_o especial_a end_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o be_v for_o speech_n as_o in_o beast_n for_o taste_v for_o because_o they_o want_v hand_n wherewith_o to_o reach_v their_o meat_n or_o â—other_a unto_o their_o taste_n it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v be_v able_a with_o their_o tongue_n to_o lick_v and_o gather_v it_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o man_n man_n the_o especial_o use_v in_o man_n be_v able_a to_o taste_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o tongue_n because_o he_o have_v hand_n wherewith_o to_o bring_v that_o he_o will_v taste_v unto_o the_o instrument_n or_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n but_o both_o of_o they_o have_v necessary_a use_n of_o it_o in_o roll_a and_o return_v the_o meat_n again_o unto_o the_o tooth_n which_o fall_v from_o they_o into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o mouth_n wherefore_o that_o it_o may_v answer_v those_o intention_n it_o be_v make_v movable_a and_o have_v therefore_o muscle_n and_o not_o muscle_n only_o but_o also_o a_o figure_n fit_a for_o motion_n some_o part_n be_v thin_a than_o other_o yet_o because_o it_o shall_v not_o move_v beyond_o his_o teather_n nature_n have_v restrain_v it_o with_o a_o ligament_n that_o the_o body_n of_o it_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o diverse_a fibre_n it_o have_v tongue_n the_o bridle_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v infinite_o dispose_v to_o motion_n and_o agitation_n may_v roll_v upon_o that_o axletree_n or_o turn_v upon_o those_o hinge_n only_o but_o of_o those_o thing_n we_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o heretofore_o except_v of_o the_o muscle_n who_o proper_a place_n this_o be_v the_o muscle_n therefore_o of_o the_o tongue_n be_v double_a some_o be_v common_a other_o proper_a those_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v common_a which_o have_v already_o be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o bone_n double_a muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n double_a hyois_fw-fr unto_o which_o the_o three_o pair_n also_o now_o to_o be_v mention_v may_v happy_o be_v refer_v and_o those_o proper_a which_o have_v their_o original_n other_o where_n do_v determine_v and_o end_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o first_o pair_n be_v call_v styloglossi_n or_o the_o auger-tongue_n muscle_n tab_n 8._o fig_n 1_o &_o 2_o p_o galen_n dissect_v muscul_fw-la 14_o calleththem_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v transuerse_a they_o have_v slender_a original_n pair_n the_o 1._o pair_n from_o the_o utter_a face_n of_o the_o appendix_n styloeides_n as_o the_o four_o pair_n of_o the_o throat_n from_o the_o inside_n of_o it_o and_o be_v implant_v with_o transuerse_a fibre_n into_o both_o side_n of_o the_o tongue_n about_o the_o middle_n thereof_o yea_o they_o proceed_v forward_o and_o attain_v unto_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o when_o the_o tongue_n be_v lill_v out_o they_o draw_v it_o in_o again_o but_o because_o their_o fibres_fw-fr be_v so_o weave_v one_o within_o another_o when_o both_o of_o they_o be_v at_o once_o contract_v towards_o their_o original_n they_o lift_v the_o tongue_n direct_o upward_o but_o when_o one_o of_o they_o only_o work_v than_o be_v the_o tongue_n lead_v upward_o to_o one_o side_n only_o tab._n 8._o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o lib._n 8._o fol._n 643._o the_o second_o pair_n be_v call_v myloglossi_n or_o the_o grinder-tongue_n muscle_n tab_v 8._o fig._n 1._o and_o 2._o g._n they_o arise_v with_o abroad_o and_o invert_v original_a and_o transuerfe_n fibre_n from_o the_o side_n pair_n the_o 2._o pair_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n near_o the_o root_n of_o the_o grind_a tooth_n call_v molares_fw-la and_o be_v insert_v on_o both_o side_n into_o the_o length_n of_o the_o ligament_n which_o be_v under_o the_o basis_n or_o foundation_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o degenerate_v into_o the_o bridle_n by_o which_o the_o tongue_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o chap_n when_o one_o of_o these_o work_v we_o turn_v the_o tongue_n upward_o and_o oblique_o but_o when_o both_o of_o they_o move_v than_o the_o tip_n be_v direct_o lift_v upward_o to_o the_o palate_n and_o upper_a tooth_n sometime_o this_o pair_n double_v the_o tongue_n or_o make_v it_o hollow_a like_o a_o gutter_n and_o sustain_v it_o so_o in_o form_n of_o a_o compass_a bow_n to_o the_o palate_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o ligament_n and_o bridle_n become_v somewhat_o rigid_a or_o stiff_a and_o if_o the_o second_o pair_n belong_v to_o the_o bone_n hyois_fw-fr do_v work_n with_o they_o than_o the_o tongue_n become_v more_o narrow_a and_o solid_a and_o be_v exert_v or_o thru_v forth_o to_o his_o extent_n beyond_o the_o lip_n the_o three_o pair_n be_v call_v genuoglossi_n or_o the_o chin-tongue_n muscle_n tab_v 8._o fig._n 1._o and_o 2_o h._n they_o arise_v with_o a_o narrow_a beginning_n from_o a_o asperitie_n or_o roughness_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o pair_n the_o 3._o pair_n midst_n of_o the_o chin_n afterward_o they_o become_v broad_a and_o replenish_v with_o right_a fibre_n &_o be_v implant_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o at_o the_o root_n yet_o some_o part_n of_o they_o run_v out_o towards_o the_o tip_n so_o that_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o same_o muscle_n do_v work_v use_n their_o contrary_a use_n contrary_o for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o fibre_n be_v draw_v towards_o their_o origin_n all_o thrust_v the_o tongue_n beyond_o the_o tooth_n and_o the_o lip_n although_o auerrhoe_n think_v that_o a_o proper_a motion_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o lesser_a part_n in_o their_o action_n draw_v it_o again_o inward_a
according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o bone_n into_o the_o three_o joint_n of_o the_o four_o toe_n the_o use_n of_o this_o muscle_n be_v to_o bend_v those_o four_o toe_n to_o contract_v they_o strong_o and_o to_o lead_v they_o one_o to_o another_o the_o five_o muscle_n be_v also_o the_o three_o bender_n ta_fw-la 36._o fig_n 16_o 17._o s_o it_o be_v seat_v under_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sole_n and_o arise_v with_o a_o original_n mix_v betwixt_o a_o nervous_a and_o a_o fleshy_a from_o five_o the_o five_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o heele-bone_n and_o the_o forepart_n of_o his_o protuberation_n present_o after_o his_o original_n it_o become_v fleshy_a and_o pass_v towards_o the_o toe_n be_v by_o degree_n dilate_v or_o spread_v abroad_o according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o foot_n at_o the_o midst_n whereof_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o fleshy_a part_n ta_fw-la 36._o fig._n 16._o char_n 21._o which_o part_n be_v separate_v do_v each_o of_o they_o produce_v a_o round_a tendon_n which_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o first_o joint_n by_o the_o transuerse_a ligament_n and_o be_v divide_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n with_o a_o long_a section_n each_o of_o they_o grow_v broad_a be_v insert_v into_o the_o second_o bone_n of_o the_o four_o toe_n the_o use_n of_o this_o muscle_n be_v to_o bend_v the_o second_o joint_n of_o the_o four_o toe_n there_o also_o grow_v very_o strong_o a_o broad_a tendon_n ta_fw-la 34._o fig._n 15._o ζ_n under_o all_o the_o fleshy_a substance_n of_o this_o muscle_n which_o serve_v instead_o of_o the_o broad_a tendon_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o sometime_o be_v the_o tendon_n of_o the_o three_o muscle_n of_o the_o foot_n which_o be_v call_v plantaris_fw-la this_o tendon_n be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n the_o better_a to_o forewarn_v we_o upon_o the_o instant_n of_o external_a injury_n table_n 36._o be_v the_o same_o with_o 31._o folio_n 806._o the_o sixth_o muscle_n be_v call_v abductor_n pollicis_fw-la inferior_a the_o low_a backe-leader_n of_o the_o great_a or_o the_o sixth_o or_o toe_n tab_v 31._o and_o those_o that_o follow_v fig_z 1_o 2._o 7_o 11_o 16_o g_o it_o lie_v to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o foot_n throughout_o the_o length_n thereof_o and_o resemble_v the_o fashion_n of_o a_o mouse_n his_o original_n be_v nervous_a from_o the_o heel_n on_o the_o inside_n near_o the_o muscle_n forego_v and_o become_v fleshy_a it_o be_v fasten_v to_o that_o bone_n of_o the_o wrist_n of_o the_o foot_n which_o support_v the_o great_a toe_n &_o degenerate_v into_o a_o round_a tendon_n which_o be_v implant_v on_o the_o outside_n into_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o say_v great_a toe_n to_o lead_v it_o from_o the_o rest_n the_o seven_o muscle_n be_v call_v abductor_n minimi_fw-la digiti_fw-la inferior_a the_o low_a back-leader_n of_o the_o little_a toe_n tab_v 31._o and_o those_o that_o follow_v fig._n 3_o 4_o 15_o 16._o v_o it_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o external_a seven_o the_o seven_o part_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o arise_v with_o a_o nervous_a original_n from_o the_o utter_a part_n of_o the_o he_o will_v where_o there_o be_v a_o protuberation_n and_o become_v fleshy_a it_o express_v the_o form_n of_o a_o perfect_a muscle_n and_o be_v affix_v to_o that_o process_n of_o the_o wrest-bone_n which_o sustain_v the_o little_a toe_n and_o determine_v into_o a_o round_a tendon_n which_o be_v infix_v into_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o little_a toe_n to_o lead_v it_o from_o the_o rest_n these_o three_o be_v cover_v or_o invest_v by_o a_o thick_a and_o broad_a tendon_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o palm_n of_o the_o hand_n the_o 8._o 9_o 10._o and_o 11._o muscle_n or_o the_o 3._o 4._o 5._o and_o 6._o extender_n call_v also_o lumbricale_n 11._o the_o 8._o 9_o 10._o &_o 11._o table_n 38._o show_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o the_o toe_n thereof_o but_o the_o 18._o the_o 19_o figure_n show_v the_o right_a foot_n as_o do_v those_o two_o in_o the_o 34._o table_n but_o here_o it_o be_v more_o bare_a from_o the_o muscle_n tabula_fw-la xxxviii_o fig_n xvi_o fig_n xvii_o fig_n xx._n fig_n xiix_fw-la fig_n xix_o h_o 16_o the_o 3_o extender_n of_o the_o foot_n call_v plantaris_fw-la i_o 16._o the_o 4._o extender_n of_o the_o foot_n call_v soleus_n k_o 18_o 19_o the_o five_o extender_n of_o the_o foot_n call_v tibiaeus_n posticus_fw-la m_o 16_o 18_o 19_o the_o 2_o bend_a of_o the_o foot_n or_o the_o first_o peroneus_n n_o 18_o 19_o the_o 3_o bender_v of_o the_o foot_n or_o the_o second_o peroneus_n q_o 16_o 17_o 18_o the_o first_o muscle_n bend_v the_o toe_n of_o the_o foot_n or_o the_o bend_a of_o the_o great_a toe_n r_o 16_o 17_o the_o second_o bender_n of_o the_o toe_n or_o their_o great_a bender_n s_o 16_o 17_o the_o 3_o muscle_n bend_v the_o toe_n or_o their_o other_o bender_n t_o 16._o the_o low_a abductor_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n v_o 16_o the_o abductor_n of_o the_o little_a toe_n x_o 17_o 18_o the_o four_o muscle_n call_v lumbricale_n z_o 16_o the_o muscle_n call_v interossei_n or_o the_o bone_n bind_v muscle_n λ_n 16_o the_o muscle_n move_v the_o leg_n oblique_o call_v popliteus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 16_o the_o first_o bender_n of_o the_o thigh_n call_v lumbalis_fw-la descendens_fw-la Ï„_n 16_o the_o 2_o bend_a of_o the_o thigh_n call_v illiacus_n internus_fw-la φ_n 16_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o first_o compasser_n of_o the_o thigh_n ψ_n 16_o the_o first_o extender_n of_o the_o foot_n call_v gastrocnimius_n internus_fw-la ω_fw-gr 16_o the_o second_o extender_n of_o the_o foot_n call_v gastrocnimius_n externus_fw-la *_o 16_o the_o thigh_n bone_n bare_a 1_o 2_o 3_o char._n 19_o three_o sin_n or_o bosom_n make_v to_o carry_v three_o tendon_n 3_o char_n 16_o a_o ligament_n hang_v from_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o toe_n do_v the_o office_n of_o the_o broad_a tendon_n 4_o 5_o char_n 16_o the_o original_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o ham_n call_v poplitaeus_fw-la at_o 4_o his_o insertion_n at_o 5._o 13_o char_n 16_o the_o original_n of_o the_o first_o bender_n of_o the_o toe_n 14_o 15_o char_n 16_o 17_o the_o tendon_n of_o that_o muscle_n at_o 14_o his_o insertion_n at_o the_o great_a toe_n 15._o 16_o char_n 16_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o bender_n of_o the_o toe_n 17_o cha_n 16_o 17_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o same_o arise_v there_o 18_o char_n 17_o the_o tendon_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n 19_o char_n 18_o the_o commixtion_n of_o the_o tendon_n 20_o 21_o char_n 16_o the_o three_o bender_n of_o the_o toe_n his_o original_n from_o the_o heel_n at_o 20_o his_o division_n into_o four_o tendon_n at_o 21._o 22_o char_n 16_o 17_o 18_o a_o fleshy_a portion_n grow_v to_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o foot_n at_o the_o great_a toe_n figure_n 20_o show_v the_o ligament_n grow_v to_o the_o joint_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o leg_n &_o the_o thigh_n a_o b_o the_o thigh_n bone_n at_o a_o his_o upper_a head_n at_o b._n c_o d_o the_o 2_o low_a head_n thereof_o e_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o leg_n f_o his_o upper_a protuberation_n g_o the_o lower_z sinus_fw-la or_o cavity_n h_o the_o inner_a ankle_n ay_o the_o brace-bone_n call_v fibula_fw-la k_o the_o utter_a ankle_n l_o the_o upper_a a_o round_a ligament_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o thtgh_a l_o the_o low_o a_o muscle_n in_o the_o calf_n or_o the_o four_o of_o the_o foot_n m_o m_o a_o ligament_n compass_v the_o upper_a joint_n of_o the_o thing_n n_o a_o ligament_n grow_v to_o the_o great_a process_n of_o the_o thigh_n o_o a_o ligament_n affix_v to_o the_o lesser_a process_n of_o the_o thigh_n p_o p_o a_o ligament_n involue_v the_o joint_n of_o the_o knee_n q_o r_n a_o ligament_n set_v to_o the_o utter_a and_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o knee_n s_o a_o ligament_n couple_v the_o protuberation_n of_o the_o legbone_n mark_v with_o f_o and_o the_o thigh_n together_o t_o v_n a_o ligament_n bind_v the_o legbone_n and_o the_o brace_n together_o above_o and_o below_o x_o a_o membranous_a ligament_n sastn_v together_o the_o leg_n and_o the_o brace_n y_fw-fr z_o a_o transuerse_a ligament_n gather_v the_o nerve_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o tendon_n make_v of_o three_o muscle_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o insert_v into_o the_o heel_n a_o b_o ligament_n join_v the_o heel_n to_o the_o leg_n and_o the_o brace_n from_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o leg_n to_o the_o heel_n at_o a_o from_o the_o brace_n to_o the_o heel_n at_o b._n c_o d_o a_o gristly_a ligament_n run_v from_o the_o inner_a ankle_n into_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o talus_fw-la at_z c_o another_o join_v the_o brace_n to_o the_o talus_fw-la the_o wormy_a muscle_n tab_v â—6_n figu_n 17_o 18_o x_o
arise_v from_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o be_v call_v by_o galen_n organa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d instrument_n of_o sense_n and_o voluntary_a motion_n because_o by_o they_o the_o animal_n faculty_n and_o those_o that_o move_v within_o that_o be_v the_o impetuous_a spirit_n be_v convey_v as_o it_o be_v by_o string_n or_o chord_n into_o the_o particular_a part_n avicen_n call_v they_o latores_fw-la cadger_n in_o our_o language_n of_o these_o hypocrates_n write_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la in_o homine_fw-la the_o whole_a body_n be_v full_a of_o nerve_n that_o be_v throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n the_o nerve_n do_v run_v from_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr art_n he_o call_v they_o meteor_n in_o the_o flesh_n because_o they_o be_v sprinkle_v through_o the_o flesh_n that_o be_v through_o the_o muscle_n galen_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr motu_fw-la musculorum_fw-la compare_v these_o three_o kind_n of_o nerve_n among_o themselves_o on_o this_o manner_n a_o ligament_n be_v insensible_a a_o voluntary_a nerve_n of_o most_o together_o compare_v together_o exquisite_a sense_n and_o a_o tendon_n of_o a_o middle_a nature_n not_o altogether_o insensible_a because_o it_o have_v some_o filament_n or_o string_n of_o nerve_n therein_o neither_o yet_o of_o so_o quick_a a_o sense_n as_o be_v a_o nerve_n there_o be_v also_o many_o other_o part_n in_o the_o body_n which_o because_o of_o the_o similitude_n betwixt_o they_o and_o nerve_n be_v call_v nervous_a although_o they_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o any_o of_o these_o three_o kind_n so_o we_o say_v the_o womb_n the_o bladder_n and_o the_o gut_n be_v nervous_a as_o also_o the_o ureter_n the_o passage_n of_o the_o choler_n and_o the_o eiaculatory_a vessel_n in_o this_o place_n we_o take_v the_o anerue_v the_o description_n of_o anerue_v name_n of_o a_o nerve_n proper_o for_o a_o organ_n by_o which_o the_o animal_n spirit_n and_o the_o faculty_n flow_v into_o the_o whole_a body_n the_o nature_n of_o this_o organ_n may_v thus_o be_v describe_v it_o be_v a_o common_a instrument_n of_o the_o body_n like_o a_o chord_n white_a round_a and_o long_o without_o any_o cavity_n which_o our_o sense_n can_v discern_v unless_o it_o be_v the_o opticke_n but_o porous_a in_o some_o unite_a in_o the_o great_a nerve_n make_v up_o of_o many_o small_a string_n &_o carry_v as_o a_o canale_n and_o motion_n which_o be_v conduct_v by_o the_o animal_n spirit_n from_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o marrow_n thereof_o unto_o those_o part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o sense_n and_o motion_n their_o substance_n be_v white_a and_o marrowy_a much_o like_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n from_o which_o substance_n their_o substance_n they_o take_v their_o original_n for_o i_o account_v the_o marrow_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o back_n to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o substance_n but_o more_o compact_a and_o fast_o for_o it_o be_v necessary_a the_o brain_n shall_v be_v very_o soft_a because_o it_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o sensible_a thing_n so_o that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o nerve_n descend_v low_a or_o be_v more_o separate_v from_o the_o brain_n by_o so_o much_o do_v it_o become_v the_o hard_a that_o it_o may_v be_v better_a able_a to_o endure_v outward_a injury_n they_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o double_a membrane_n produce_v from_o the_o two_o meninge_n or_o membrane_n membrane_n membrane_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o utter_a whereof_o be_v the_o thick_a produce_v from_o the_o dura_fw-la mater_fw-la who_o office_n be_v to_o safeguard_n and_o defend_v the_o marrow_n of_o the_o nerve_n and_o if_o it_o consist_v of_o many_o small_a chord_n or_o thread_n it_o join_v they_o altogether_o and_o when_o it_o have_v encompass_v they_o about_o it_o receive_v into_o it_o branch_n from_o the_o neighbour-veine_n the_o inner_a membrane_n be_v thin_a by_o much_o and_o lie_v next_o unto_o the_o marrow_n or_o substance_n of_o the_o nerve_n it_o arise_v from_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la and_o have_v the_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o touch_v which_o say_v fernelius_n it_o communicate_v to_o the_o part_n whereinto_o the_o nerve_n be_v insert_v fernelius_n fernelius_n for_o as_o the_o brain_n be_v cover_v with_o these_o two_o membrane_n so_o also_o be_v the_o nerve_n throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n a_o nerve_n be_v nothing_o else_o indeed_o but_o a_o production_n of_o the_o brain_n but_o this_o threefold_a substance_n of_o a_o nerve_n as_o falopius_n have_v it_o in_o his_o observation_n and_o out_o of_o he_o bauhine_v may_v better_o be_v distinguish_v by_o reason_n then_o by_o sense_n for_o anatomy_n be_v not_o able_a to_o show_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o hard_a and_o soft_a membrane_n of_o any_o nerve_n except_o it_o be_v the_o opticke_n the_o substance_n which_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n or_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o nerve_n be_v the_o principal_a part_n thereof_o and_o perform_v the_o action_n for_o the_o sensative_a and_o motive_n faculty_n be_v convey_v from_o the_o brain_n unto_o the_o part_n not_o by_o the_o coat_n but_o by_o the_o marrow_n hence_o it_o be_v say_v part_n which_o be_v their_o chief_a part_n galen_n that_o if_o you_o cut_v asunder_o the_o marrow_n of_o a_o nerve_n present_o the_o part_n into_o which_o that_o nerve_n be_v insert_v be_v deprive_v of_o sense_n and_o motion_n as_o for_o the_o membrane_n they_o do_v the_o same_o office_n unto_o the_o nerve_n which_o they_o do_v to_o the_o brain_n for_o the_o nerve_n be_v not_o proper_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n for_o the_o immediate_a organ_n of_o motion_n be_v a_o muscle_n but_o they_o be_v like_o pipe_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a sensative_a soul_n and_o the_o faculty_n thereof_o both_o of_o sense_n and_o motion_n be_v lead_v by_o the_o guidance_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n from_o the_o brain_n unto_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n either_o of_o sense_n and_o motion_n or_o therefore_o the_o physician_n do_v use_v to_o call_v they_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n for_o they_o communicate_v unto_o those_o part_n into_o which_o they_o be_v insert_v either_o sense_n alone_o or_o only_a motion_n or_o both_o together_o for_o no_o part_n have_v sense_n or_o voluntary_a motion_n without_o a_o nerve_n &_o if_o the_o nerve_n that_o belong_v to_o any_o part_n be_v compress_v or_o intercept_v or_o cut_v asunder_o or_o corrupt_v the_o sense_n and_o motion_n of_o that_o part_n do_v sudden_o perish_v hence_o it_o be_v as_o aristotle_n also_o remember_v in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la that_o sense_n how_o a_o nerve_n be_v the_o organ_n of_o sense_n no_o part_n of_o the_o body_n have_v any_o stupor_n or_o dulness_n any_o palsy_n or_o resolution_n any_o spasme_n or_o convulsion_n that_o have_v not_o a_o nerve_n in_o it_o now_o stupor_n be_v a_o diminution_n of_o sense_n the_o palsy_n a_o privation_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n and_o a_o convulsion_n be_v a_o motion_n involuntary_a or_o against_o our_o will_n galen_n in_o the_o three_o and_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o sixteenth_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la say_v that_o nerve_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o softness_n or_o hardress_n of_o a_o nerve_n those_o nerve_n which_o be_v make_v for_o voluntary_a motion_n be_v hard_a and_o those_o that_o be_v make_v for_o sense_n be_v soft_a and_o that_o the_o soft_a nerve_n do_v make_v for_o sensation_n and_o the_o hard_a for_o motion_n nay_o he_o go_v further_a in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o 7_o book_n de_fw-fr administrationib_fw-la anatom_n and_o affirm_v that_o the_o soft_a nerve_n be_v only_o fit_a for_o sense_n but_o unfit_a for_o motion_n some_o again_o conceive_v and_o not_o without_o great_a reason_n that_o the_o softness_n or_o hardness_n of_o a_o nerve_n be_v diverse_o occasion_v first_o from_o the_o substance_n whereout_o they_o issue_n and_o so_o the_o first_o nerve_n which_o be_v say_v to_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o brain_n be_v the_o soft_a those_o hard_a that_o arise_v from_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o those_o hard_a of_o all_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o marrow_n contain_v in_o the_o rackebone_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o the_o holybone_n second_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o production_n so_o those_o nerve_n be_v soft_a which_o run_v but_o a_o little_a way_n as_o if_o their_o journey_n be_v not_o out_o of_o the_o skull_n whereas_o those_o that_o be_v lead_v further_o off_o as_o unto_o the_o muscle_n be_v hard_a than_o they_o be_v at_o their_o original_a in_o like_a manner_n those_o that_o run_v anfractuous_o that_o be_v with_o turn_n and_o wind_n be_v very_o hard_a as_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o three_o pair_n of_o the_o brain_n again_o those_o be_v hard_o which_o pâ—sse_n through_o a_o
hard_a body_n as_o that_o surcle_n of_o the_o five_o conjugation_n which_o creep_v through_o the_o hole_n opinion_n galens_n opinion_n of_o the_o temple-bone_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v coecum_fw-la or_o the_o blinde-hole_n be_v make_v hard_a by_o the_o contaction_n of_o the_o bone_n than_o his_o beginning_n be_v galen_n attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o hardness_n and_o softness_n to_o the_o counsel_n of_o nature_n because_o say_v he_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n need_v a_o soft_a nerve_n a_o nerve_n as_o a_o canale_n to_o lead_v along_o the_o animal_n and_o sensative_a spirit_n and_o a_o soft_a nerve_n because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v affect_v and_o to_o suffer_v somewhat_o from_o the_o sensible_a object_n apply_v unto_o it_o from_o without_o now_o because_o that_o which_o be_v soft_a be_v fit_a for_o passion_n that_o which_o be_v hard_a for_o action_n therefore_o say_v he_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n shall_v have_v soft_a nerve_n communicate_v unto_o they_o and_o the_o part_n which_o be_v to_o be_v move_v by_o voluntary_a motion_n shall_v have_v hard_a nerve_n and_o this_o he_o proove_v because_o unto_o those_o instrument_n of_o sense_n which_o have_v not_o only_a sensation_n but_o motion_n there_o be_v a_o double_a kind_n of_o nerve_n communicate_v one_o for_o sense_n anotehr_fw-ge for_fw-mi motion_n as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o eye_n unto_o which_o the_o first_o conjugation_n be_v allow_v for_o sense_n and_o the_o second_o for_o motion_n so_o in_o the_o tongue_n which_o receive_v the_o three_o and_o four_o coniugation_n so_o anatomist_n do_v usual_o distinguish_v they_o for_o taste_v and_o the_o seven_o for_o motion_n by_o the_o way_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o nerve_n beside_o their_o use_n have_v also_o a_o animal_n action_n reason_n bauhine_v opinion_n his_o reason_n because_o they_o be_v affect_v by_o the_o object_n and_o therefore_o the_o soft_a nerve_n be_v fit_a for_o sense_n and_o the_o hard_a for_o motion_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o say_v bauhine_v yet_o we_o conceive_v that_o the_o nerve_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v indifferent_o dispose_v both_o to_o sense_n and_o to_o motion_n so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v call_v sentientes_fw-la or_o motores_fw-la perceiver_n or_o mover_n from_o the_o instrument_n or_o part_n unto_o which_o they_o be_v conduct_v and_o in_o which_o they_o be_v disseminated_a for_o if_o they_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o instrument_n of_o motion_n that_o be_v into_o the_o muscle_n then_o be_v they_o call_v motorij_fw-la or_o move_a nerve_n if_o into_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n then_o be_v they_o call_v sensorij_fw-la or_o perceive_v nerve_n yea_o we_o see_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nerve_n do_v convey_v instance_n a_o instance_n motion_n and_o sense_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o instrument_n for_o example_n the_o seven_o conjugation_n of_o the_o brain_n convey_v unto_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o bowel_n which_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o low_a belly_n the_o sense_n of_o touch_v and_o yet_o the_o same_o pair_n be_v on_o either_o side_n reflect_v make_v the_o recurrent_a nerve_n which_o distribute_v surcle_n into_o every_o muscle_n of_o the_o larynx_n or_o throttle_v to_o move_v the_o same_o and_o if_o the_o same_o nerve_n shall_v meet_v with_o the_o instrument_n of_o see_v of_o hear_v and_o of_o taste_v the_o same_o perceive_v &_o move_v nerve_n will_v also_o become_v see_v hear_v and_o taste_v nerve_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o nerve_n which_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o muscle_n to_o afford_v unto_o they_o voluntary_a motion_n do_v together_o with_o that_o power_n afford_v unto_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o muscle_n into_o which_o their_o fibre_n do_v determine_v the_o sense_n of_o touch_v and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o nerve_n the_o brain_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n because_o the_o animal_n faculty_n which_o be_v seat_v only_o in_o the_o brain_n do_v notwithstanding_o transfuse_v itself_o through_o the_o nerve_n although_o out_o of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v easy_o collect_v the_o use_n of_o the_o nerve_n yet_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o remember_v that_o galen_n in_o the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o his_o five_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o out_o of_o he_o vesalius_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n make_v a_o threefold_a nerve_n the_o use_n of_o the_o nerve_n use_n of_o they_o the_o first_o to_o convey_v sense_n unto_o the_o instrument_n of_o sensation_n to_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o tongue_n to_o the_o ear_n and_o beside_o these_o to_o the_o palm_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o finger_n yea_o to_o the_o uppermost_a mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n also_o for_o these_o after_o a_o sense_n be_v organ_n of_o sensation_n for_o the_o best_a judge_n by_o touch_v be_v the_o hand_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n have_v a_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o the_o want_n of_o aliment_n which_o we_o common_o call_v hunger_n the_o second_o use_n be_v to_o afford_v motion_n to_o the_o movable_a part_n so_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n have_v nerve_n convey_v unto_o they_o and_o because_o they_o be_v make_v to_o move_v the_o whole_a member_n therefore_o their_o nerve_n be_v great_a and_o large_a and_o because_o the_o same_o muscle_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o faculty_n of_o discern_v tactile_a quality_n for_o the_o security_n and_o preservation_n of_o our_o life_n therefore_o also_o they_o have_v nerve_n by_o which_o nerve_n they_o have_v this_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n the_o three_o use_n be_v that_o for_o which_o all_o other_o part_n have_v nerve_n to_o wit_n that_o they_o may_v perceive_v those_o thing_n which_o will_v be_v grecuous_a unto_o they_o although_o this_o use_n may_v well_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o former_a for_o so_o wise_a so_o just_a so_o skilful_a be_v nature_n say_v hypocrates_n we_o say_v the_o great_a god_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o provident_a for_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o creature_n that_o she_o have_v distribute_v nerve_n to_o all_o the_o part_n although_o not_o in_o the_o same_o measure_n but_o to_o some_o more_o liberal_o to_o other_o with_o a_o strait_a hand_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o magnitude_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o their_o action_n of_o the_o intention_n or_o remission_n of_o their_o motion_n of_o the_o assiduity_n or_o intermission_n of_o their_o use_n so_o make_v a_o exquisite_a estimate_n of_o the_o need_n of_o the_o dignity_n and_o of_o the_o use_n of_o every_o part_n to_o some_o she_o have_v allow_v great_a nerve_n to_o some_o lesser_a but_o to_o every_o one_o that_o be_v fit_a for_o it_o for_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o magnitude_n of_o nerve_n the_o thick_a be_v those_o which_o be_v distribute_v unto_o the_o remore_a place_n and_o into_o the_o most_o part_n such_o be_v they_o that_o nerus_fw-la the_o magnitude_n of_o nerus_fw-la be_v send_v unto_o the_o joint_n which_o because_o they_o need_v great_a abundance_n of_o spirit_n have_v a_o great_a proportion_n of_o original_n of_o sinew_n grant_v they_o out_o of_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n which_o be_v in_o the_o rackbone_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o of_o the_o loin_n that_o from_o their_o marrow_n they_o may_v receive_v a_o competency_n of_o spirit_n as_o it_o be_v by_o many_o root_n which_o yet_o be_v gather_v together_o do_v make_v one_o thick_a nerve_n but_o be_v again_o though_o almost_o insensible_o distribute_v into_o lesser_a branch_n those_o nerve_n be_v mean_o which_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o the_o head_n for_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o brain_n and_o very_a soft_a they_o can_v not_o be_v very_o small_a those_o nerve_n be_v small_a which_o be_v distribute_v into_o the_o next_o part_n as_o into_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o face_n we_o will_v also_o say_v something_o concern_v the_o original_n of_o nerve_n the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n be_v not_o from_o the_o heart_n though_o aristotle_n so_o conceive_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o buoke_v de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animali_fw-la and_o in_o the_o four_o of_o his_o three_o de_fw-la partibus_fw-la original_n their_o original_n animalium_fw-la for_o in_o dissection_n we_o meet_v with_o no_o nerve_n produce_v therefrom_o and_o those_o that_o be_v lead_v unto_o it_o from_o the_o sixth_o conjugation_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v so_o small_a that_o vesalius_n witness_v that_o he_o can_v find_v but_o one_o and_o that_o with_o great_a difficulty_n neither_o have_v they_o their_o original_n as_o erasistratus_n think_v in_o his_o youth_n out_o of_o the_o dura_n mater_fw-la or_o thick_a membrane_n of_o the_o brain_n as_o their_o substance_n
be_v by_o yield_v to_o illude_v or_o break_v the_o occursation_n of_o outward_a injury_n as_o when_o the_o bone_n be_v beat_v or_o rattle_v together_o or_o some_o other_o violence_n offer_v second_o the_o second_o which_o haply_o may_v break_v a_o bone_n for_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a nature_n between_o very_o hard_a and_o very_o soft_a it_o can_v be_v easy_o break_v as_o that_o which_o be_v hard_a and_o friable_a or_o brittle_a nor_o easy_o wound_v or_o bruise_v as_o that_o which_o be_v soft_a and_o fleshy_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o extremity_n of_o many_o bone_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o external_a offence_n have_v gristle_n allow_v they_o as_o the_o nose_n and_o the_o ear_n and_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o primary_n use_v of_o gristle_n there_o be_v also_o many_o other_o by-use_n as_o some_o gristle_n like_o bone_n do_v sustain_v some_o part_n some_o have_v muscle_n affix_v unto_o they_o and_o some_o do_v sustain_v or_o establish_v gristle_n by_o use_n of_o the_o gristle_n the_o vessel_n such_o be_v the_o gristle_n of_o the_o larynx_n or_o throttle_v and_o the_o rough_a artery_n as_o also_o those_o of_o the_o eyebrow_n into_o which_o as_o into_o a_o pale_a the_o beard_n of_o hair_n whereby_o the_o eye_n be_v defend_v be_v infix_v there_o be_v also_o a_o four_o add_v as_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v defence_n or_o muniment_n to_o safeguard_n the_o part_n subject_v under_o they_o so_o the_o gristle_n of_o the_o brestbone_n and_o the_o rib_n be_v make_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o the_o lung_n although_o they_o make_v indeed_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o chest_n more_o easy_a because_o they_o follow_v with_o more_o readiness_n than_o bone_n will_v his_o distension_n and_o contraction_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o swordlike_a cartilege_n which_o we_o call_v the_o breast_n blade_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v ordain_v to_o defend_v the_o midriff_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n when_o it_o be_v distend_v a_o five_o use_n of_o the_o gristle_n you_o may_v gather_v out_o of_o galen_n his_o book_n de_fw-fr ossibus_fw-la that_o by_o their_o five_o the_o five_o mediation_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o glue_v some_o bone_n may_v be_v conjoin_v so_o the_o sharebone_n be_v unite_v by_o a_o gristle_n and_o that_o kind_a of_o conjunction_n be_v call_v synchondrosis_n i_o will_v add_v also_o a_o sixth_o out_o of_o galens_n eleven_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la to_o join_v hard_a and_o sixth_o the_o sixth_o dense_a bone_n with_o lax_n and_o rare_a for_o it_o fill_v or_o make_v up_o the_o hollow_a hole_n of_o a_o rare_a or_o lax_n bone_n and_o levigate_v or_o make_v smooth_a his_o rough_a sharpness_n final_o there_o be_v other_o and_o those_o very_a many_o peculiar_a use_n of_o particular_a gristle_n some_o belong_v to_o the_o sight_n some_o to_o hear_n some_o to_o smell_v some_o to_o diglutition_n or_o swallow_a use_n many_o peculiar_a use_n some_o to_o respiration_n or_o breathe_n some_o to_o apprehension_n &_o some_o to_o progression_n as_o partly_o have_v be_v and_o shall_v further_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o history_n for_o the_o difference_n of_o gristle_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o their_o substance_n magnitude_n figure_n gristle_n the_o difference_n of_o gristle_n site_n use_n and_o connexion_n from_o the_o substance_n or_o rather_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o follow_v the_o substance_n that_o be_v hardness_n and_o softness_n some_o gristle_n be_v hard_o which_o at_o length_n become_v bony_a as_o those_o that_o form_n the_o larinx_n other_o be_v in_o a_o mean_a which_o do_v never_o degenerate_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o bone_n as_o that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o epiglottis_fw-la or_o ouer-tongue_n other_o be_v soft_a which_o tie_v the_o joint_n together_o and_o carry_v in_o they_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o ligament_n &_o such_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o magnitude_n some_o be_v great_a and_o other_o be_v small_a from_o the_o figure_n which_o be_v very_o diverse_a gristle_n have_v diverse_a name_n as_o ensiculata_n annularis_fw-la scutiformis_fw-la aritenoide_v the_o blade_n gristle_n the_o ring_n gristle_n the_o shield_n gristle_n the_o ewer_n gristle_n from_o the_o site_n some_o be_v call_v upper_a some_o low_o some_o before_o some_o after_o some_o internal_a some_o external_a gristle_n from_o the_o use_n we_o may_v also_o gather_v difference_n and_o variety_n of_o gristle_n some_o be_v make_v for_o motion_n some_o to_o avoid_v out_o ward_n injury_n some_o for_o defence_n and_o some_o only_o for_o supportation_n the_o difference_n which_o be_v take_v from_o connexion_n be_v more_o necessary_a and_o therefore_o a_o little_a the_o more_o to_o be_v stand_v upon_o a_o gristle_n therefore_o either_o grow_v to_o a_o bone_n or_o make_v a_o part_n by_o itself_o that_o which_o grow_v to_o a_o bone_n either_o ty_v two_o bone_n together_o or_o else_o be_v only_o fasten_v to_o a_o bone_n that_o which_o ty_v two_o bone_n together_o either_o do_v it_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o common_a ligament_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o end_n of_o bone_n that_o be_v connect_v by_o diarthosis_n or_o immediate_o as_o in_o the_o sharebone_n &_o the_o brestbone_n that_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o a_o bone_n appear_v in_o the_o gristle_n of_o the_o nose_n in_o the_o breast-blade_n and_o that_o which_o grow_v to_o the_o coccyx_fw-la or_o the_o rump_n the_o gristle_n which_o make_v a_o part_n by_o itself_o be_v by_o some_o call_v solitaria_fw-la such_o be_v the_o gristle_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o eye-lidde_n such_o be_v the_o gristle_n of_o the_o larinx_n or_o throttle_v of_o the_o rough_a artery_n of_o the_o outward_a ear_n and_o of_o the_o epiglottis_fw-la or_o ouer-tongue_n but_o for_o more_o perspicuity_n we_o will_v refer_v the_o whole_a history_n of_o the_o gristle_n unto_o three_o head_n those_o of_o the_o head_n those_o of_o the_o trunk_n and_o the_o gristle_n of_o the_o joint_n the_o gristle_n gristle_n a_o division_n of_o gristle_n of_o the_o head_n be_v of_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o eyelid_n and_o of_o the_o low_a jaw_n the_o trunk_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o spine_n and_o the_o chest_n the_o part_n of_o the_o spin_v be_v the_o neck_n the_o back_n the_o loin_n and_o the_o holybone_n the_o gristle_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v either_o behind_o or_o before_o behind_o those_o that_o tie_v the_o spondel_n together_o before_o the_o throttle_v the_o rough_a artery_n and_o the_o ouer-tongue_n the_o gristle_n of_o the_o chest_n be_v those_o in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o rib_n and_o those_o of_o the_o breast_n bone_n the_o gristle_n of_o the_o joint_n be_v some_o of_o bone_n receive_v some_o of_o bone_n receive_v and_o of_o each_o of_o these_o some_o belong_v to_o the_o hand_n and_o other_o to_o the_o foot_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o gristle_n of_o the_o face_n of_o the_o eyelid_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o eight_o book_n which_o we_o will_v not_o now_o repeat_v only_o here_o remember_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o eyelid_n the_o gristle_n of_o the_o eyelid_n they_o be_v cartilaginious_a or_o gristly_a by_o which_o the_o open_n and_o shut_v of_o the_o eye_n be_v make_v equal_a by_o which_o the_o violence_n of_o outward_a inlury_n be_v better_a resist_v and_o in_o which_o the_o small_a hair_n that_o keep_v dust_n and_o fly_n from_o the_o eye_n be_v infix_v and_o sustain_v which_o otherwise_o will_v have_v fall_v if_o the_o lid_n have_v be_v only_o make_v of_o flesh_n and_o membrane_n again_o if_o they_o have_v be_v bony_a they_o will_v not_o have_v be_v so_o easy_o move_v and_o beside_o their_o hardness_n will_v have_v offend_v the_o coat_n within_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v of_o exquisite_a sense_n but_o this_o gristle_n be_v very_o thin_a that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o little_a transparent_a to_o cast_v a_o little_a shadow_n of_o the_o external_a light_n upon_o the_o eye_n there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o one_o upper_a and_o another_o low_a the_o upper_a be_v great_a in_o a_o man_n and_o in_o those_o creature_n who_o lower_v eyelid_n be_v immovable_a or_o their_o motion_n if_o it_o be_v any_o very_o little_a and_o obscure_a whereas_o in_o bird_n the_o gristle_n of_o the_o low_a lid_n be_v the_o great_a they_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o the_o row_n or_o beard_n of_o hair_n which_o be_v set_v in_o so_o many_o perforation_n make_v in_o the_o gristle_n be_v not_o unlike_o a_o rank_n of_o rower_n in_o a_o galley_n there_o be_v also_o another_o gristle_n in_o the_o great_a angle_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o have_v the_o figure_n and_o use_v of_o a_o pulley_n describe_v elegant_o at_o first_o by_o falopius_n this_o pulley_n have_v a_o canale_n or_o open_a perforation_n through_o which_o the_o
a_o complication_n of_o vein_n artery_n and_o nerve_n which_o imbibe_v or_o suck_v up_o the_o matter_n that_o fall_v upon_o it_o from_z whence_o come_v the_o great_a and_o most_o intolerable_a pain_n of_o the_o toothache_n and_o indeed_o this_o membrane_n be_v of_o most_o exact_a sense_n and_o by_o it_o the_o tooth_n be_v so_o apprehensive_a of_o heat_n and_o cold_a yea_o say_v bauhine_n we_o consent_v with_o columbus_n herein_o that_o the_o flux_n of_o humour_n out_o of_o the_o brain_n unto_o this_o membrane_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o great_a pain_n in_o the_o tooth_n which_o do_v so_o long_o endure_v as_o the_o humour_n be_v detain_v in_o the_o membrane_n or_o till_o the_o brain_n be_v purge_v and_o so_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o flux_n be_v take_v away_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o cavity_n if_o the_o tooth_n be_v perforate_v by_o a_o affluence_n of_o sharp_a humour_n rotte_v how_o the_o tooth_n rotte_v which_o perforation_n do_v reach_v to_o the_o cavity_n then_o be_v the_o tooth_n quick_o rot_v even_o unto_o the_o root_n again_o in_o this_o cavity_n especial_o the_o erotion_n and_o putrefaction_n of_o the_o tooth_n do_v begin_v in_o it_o grow_v that_o dolorous_a rottenness_n and_o in_o it_o sometime_o be_v worm_n gather_v which_o do_v miserable_o excrutiate_v and_o punish_v the_o patient_a the_o use_n of_o the_o cavity_n be_v that_o cavity_n the_o use_n of_o their_o cavity_n by_o it_o the_o tooth_n may_v be_v better_o nourish_v and_o receive_v the_o faculty_n of_o sensation_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o generation_n and_o use_n of_o the_o tooth_n concern_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o tooth_n there_o be_v diverse_a opinion_n some_o think_v they_o be_v generate_v within_o the_o womb_n as_o columbus_n and_o eustachius_n some_o without_o the_o womb_n as_o aristotle_n some_o partly_o within_o and_o partly_o without_o as_o hypocrates_n who_o make_v a_o threefold_a time_n of_o their_o generation_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr carnibus_fw-la of_o a_o threefold_a aliment_n which_o minister_v matter_n unto_o they_o the_o first_o be_v from_o the_o sustenance_n they_o receive_v in_o the_o womb_n the_o second_o be_v after_o birth_n by_o the_o milk_n which_o the_o child_n suck_v the_o three_o be_v after_o he_o have_v cast_v his_o tooth_n by_o the_o meat_n tooth_n diverse_a opininion_n concern_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o tooth_n and_o drink_n that_o he_o eat_v whereby_o new_a tooth_n be_v engender_v for_o say_v he_o whatsoever_o be_v glutinous_a in_o the_o aliment_n that_o make_v the_o tooth_n but_o the_o fatty_a part_n which_o here_o be_v more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bone_n be_v exiccate_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o heat_n so_o also_o say_v laurentius_n as_o this_o threefold_a kind_n of_o aliment_n differ_v in_o thickness_n so_o do_v the_o solidity_n hardness_n and_o thickness_n of_o the_o tooth_n varye_a for_o those_o tooth_n that_o be_v engender_v of_o the_o aliment_n which_o the_o infant_n use_v in_o the_o womb_n or_o when_o he_o suck_v his_o mother_n breast_n be_v but_o soft_a and_o do_v easy_o fall_v away_o but_o those_o that_o be_v make_v of_o more_o solid_a meat_n be_v also_o firm_a the_o truth_n be_v that_o they_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o womb_n together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bone_n with_o which_o they_o be_v not_o delineate_v but_o form_v and_o absolve_v by_o degree_n wherefore_o they_o truth_n the_o truth_n lie_v for_o some_o time_n imperfect_a in_o the_o jaw_n neither_o do_v they_o all_o break_v their_o prison_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o some_o soon_o some_o late_a according_a as_o the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n do_v require_v and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o some_o make_v a_o double_a time_n of_o their_o generation_n one_o in_o the_o womb_n another_o out_o of_o the_o womb_n in_o the_o womb_n after_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o jaw_n there_o be_v twelve_o tooth_n form_v four_o of_o which_o be_v shearer_n two_o dog-teeth_n and_o six_o grinder_n all_o which_o do_v want_v root_n and_o lie_v hide_v in_o their_o socket_n on_o every_o side_n compass_v therewith_o and_o the_o gum_n whole_a above_o they_o and_o this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o raw_a of_o a_o abortive_a infant_n or_o other_o creature_n yea_o if_o it_o die_v present_o after_o the_o birth_n for_o if_o you_o cut_v up_o the_o jaw_n you_o shall_v find_v tooth_n therein_o some_o have_v be_v bear_v with_o their_o tooth_n out_o of_o their_o gum_n as_o of_o old_a time_n m._n curtius_n dentatus_n and_o cn._n papyrius_n carbo_n of_o late_a time_n the_o same_o be_v report_v of_o richard_n crooke-backe_a the_o usurper_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o tooth_n be_v yet_o imperfect_a be_v partly_o mucous_a and_o partly_o bony_a for_o if_o you_o take_v away_o the_o husk_n of_o the_o tooth_n for_o there_o be_v about_o every_o tooth_n such_o a_o white_a mucous_a and_o slimy_a substance_n somewhat_o membranous_a wherewith_o the_o tooth_n be_v cover_v which_o diverse_a the_o substance_n of_o the_o tooth_n diverse_a also_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o mucous_a by_o how_o much_o the_o tooth_n be_v the_o soft_a and_o the_o young_a perforate_n it_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tooth_n may_v peep_v out_o then_o shall_v you_o perceive_v that_o the_o tooth_n be_v partly_o bony_a partly_o mucous_a for_o that_o part_n which_o be_v to_o rise_v above_o the_o gum_n be_v fashion_v into_o a_o white_a scale_n thin_a and_o excavate_v or_o hollow_v like_o a_o part_n their_o hard_a part_n honeycomb_n and_o so_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tooth_n be_v bony_a hard_a and_o hollow_a the_o other_o part_n which_o shall_v have_v remain_v in_o fix_a in_o the_o jaw_n be_v soft_a moist_a and_o mucous_a like_o the_o part_n the_o soft_a part_n substance_n that_o be_v in_o a_o young_a quill_n this_o substance_n seem_v to_o have_v fibre_n and_o thread_n and_o to_o be_v cover_v as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o thin_a coat_n for_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o be_v like_a to_o a_o smooth_a tunicle_n fasten_v and_o conjoin_v to_o the_o substance_n that_o it_o contain_v wherefore_o a_o resemblance_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o tooth_n we_o have_v some_o what_o express_o in_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o quill_n for_o the_o part_n which_o be_v without_o the_o skin_n be_v horny_a and_o hard_a but_o that_o which_o be_v within_o the_o wing_n be_v soft_a and_o moist_a yea_o sometime_o like_o blood_n or_o congeal_a phlegm_n this_o soft_a part_n of_o the_o tooth_n as_o they_o break_v the_o flesh_n harden_v by_o degree_n and_o by_o degree_n become_v bony_a sometime_o also_o it_o be_v hollow_v within_o and_o form_v into_o root_n the_o hull_n or_o husk_n of_o the_o tooth_n whereof_o we_o speak_v even_o now_o serve_v instead_o of_o a_o ligament_n for_o by_o it_o the_o tooth_n be_v fasten_v as_o with_o glue_v to_o the_o socket_n and_o to_o the_o gum_n in_o infancy_n the_o tooth_n be_v within_o the_o gum_n that_o they_o may_v not_o bite_v the_o nurse_n nipple_n the_o seven_o month_n they_o begin_v to_o break_v out_o or_o late_a say_v hypocrates_n if_o the_o infant_n do_v tooth_n with_o a_o cough_n and_o then_o they_o be_v trouble_v with_o ague_n convulsion_n scowring_n and_o such_o like_a especial_o when_o they_o breed_v their_o dog-teeth_n galen_n render_v a_o reason_n because_o when_o the_o gum_n be_v perforate_v by_o the_o tooth_n the_o pain_n be_v as_o violent_a as_o if_o a_o goad_n be_v thrust_v into_o the_o flesh_n but_o indeed_o the_o tooth_n be_v more_o painful_a than_o goad_n for_o if_o a_o goad_n be_v once_o fasten_v it_o rest_v but_o the_o tooth_n issue_v still_o to_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o augmentation_n the_o tooth_n break_v out_o not_o altogether_o but_o the_o upper_a soon_o than_o the_o low_a and_o the_o shearer_n soon_o than_o the_o grinder_n that_o they_o issue_v late_a in_o man_n then_o in_o bruit_n beast_n for_o dentition_n the_o time_n of_o dentition_n the_o elephant_n say_v aristotle_n in_o the_o 5._o chap._n of_o his_o 2._o book_n de_fw-fr hist_o animal_n breed_v his_o tooth_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o himself_o be_v bear_v the_o reason_n be_v say_v aristotle_n because_o a_o man_n above_o all_o creature_n have_v less_o of_o that_o earthy_a excrement_n whereof_o they_o be_v engender_v but_o because_o the_o first_o tooth_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v they_o which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v regenerate_v do_v lie_v hide_v first_o the_o first_o in_o the_o jawbone_n therefore_o we_o rather_o say_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o late_a yssue_v in_o man_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o good_a will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o he_o that_o make_v they_o who_o moderate_v all_o thing_n according_a to_o his_o own_o wisdom_n yet_o when_o the_o child_n come_v to_o chew_v that_o he_o may_v cease_v
and_o establish_v the_o generation_n diverse_a opinion_n of_o their_o generation_n extremity_n of_o the_o body_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o fail_v or_o fall_v away_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o great_a weakness_n three_o aristotle_n in_o the_o sixth_o chap._n of_o his_o 2_o book_n the_o generatione_n animal_n say_v that_o the_o nail_n the_o hair_n horn_n beak_n of_o bird_n hoof_n and_o such_o like_a be_v engender_v of_o adventitious_a aliment_n four_o columbus_n remember_v that_o some_o think_v the_o nail_n be_v amass_v of_o a_o part_n of_o a_o bone_n of_o a_o nerve_n of_o skin_n yea_o some_o say_v also_o of_o flesh_n but_o he_o do_v not_o easy_o subscribe_v to_o their_o conceit_n columbus_n say_v they_o take_v their_o original_n partly_o from_o the_o skin_n partly_o from_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o extend_v the_o finger_n and_o the_o toe_n bauhine_n say_v that_o some_o conceyve_v they_o to_o arise_v from_o the_o crass_a excrement_n of_o the_o three_o concoction_n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o continual_o grow_v by_o a_o imperfect_a acretion_n make_v by_o the_o apposition_n only_o or_o addition_n of_o aliment_n whence_o say_v they_o it_o be_v that_o they_o grow_v only_o in_o length_n not_o in_o breadth_n or_o depth_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v exclude_v out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o live_a part_n notwithstanding_o galen_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr admin_n anatom_n witness_v that_o there_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o nail_n a_o vein_n a_o artery_n and_o a_o nerve_n by_o which_o they_o receive_v aliment_n life_n and_o sense_n as_o other_o part_n do_v and_o true_o not_o only_o two_o nerve_n be_v convey_v unto_o the_o root_n of_o the_o nail_n but_o also_o do_v creep_v under_o the_o nail_n together_o with_o the_o vein_n unto_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o finger_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o nail_n have_v sense_n because_o they_o be_v not_o distribute_v throughout_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o nail_n no_o more_o than_o be_v the_o vein_n which_o unburthen_v themselves_o of_o the_o aliment_n at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o nail_n we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o nail_n be_v increase_v like_o the_o tooth_n by_o a_o apposition_n of_o aliment_n to_o their_o root_n which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n because_o they_o be_v every_o day_n wear_v and_o therefore_o have_v more_o need_n to_o be_v restore_v in_o their_o length_n then_o in_o their_o breadth_n and_o thickness_n their_o substance_n be_v of_o a_o middle_a nature_n betwixt_o bone_n and_o gristle_n moderate_o hard_a substance_n their_o substance_n the_o better_a to_o bear_v the_o violence_n of_o outward_a injure_v flexible_a or_o buxom_a that_o they_o shall_v not_o break_v but_o give_v way_n to_o violence_n pellucide_n or_o transparent_a and_o therefore_o they_o be_v either_o red_a or_o livid_a according_a to_o their_o flesh_n under_o they_o thin_a they_o be_v and_o convex_n that_o they_o may_v lie_v more_o snog_o upon_o the_o finger_n and_o this_o also_o make_v much_o for_o their_o security_n for_o if_o they_o stand_v off_o from_o the_o flesh_n they_o will_v easy_o be_v tear_v from_o their_o root_n again_o to_o make_v they_o more_o steadfast_a they_o be_v fasten_v at_o their_o root_n with_o a_o ligament_n &_o because_o they_o must_v needs_o grow_v to_o the_o flesh_n and_o the_o skin_n therefore_o the_o skin_n on_o the_o outside_n compass_v the_o root_n round_o but_o the_o flesh_n grow_v to_o they_o more_o inward_a under_o the_o nail_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o very_a extremity_n or_o end_n of_o the_o finger_n the_o tendon_n of_o muscle_n do_v pass_v and_o be_v dilate_v under_o they_o which_o thing_n say_v columbus_n i_o first_o observe_v and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o part_n under_o they_o be_v of_o so_o exquisite_a sense_n and_o the_o pain_n so_o great_a if_o any_o sharp_a splinter_n or_o such_o like_a do_v get_v under_o the_o nail_n the_o use_n of_o the_o nail_n be_v to_o defend_v the_o end_n of_o the_o finger_n which_o be_v very_o soft_a that_o they_o use_n the_o use_n be_v not_o offend_v by_o outward_a occurrent_n their_o hardness_n therefore_o give_v a_o firmitude_n unto_o the_o softness_n of_o the_o flesh_n again_o the_o hand_n have_v nail_n for_o better_a apprehension_n for_o we_o can_v not_o have_v take_v hold_n of_o many_o small_a thing_n unless_o there_o have_v be_v fasten_v some_o hard_a body_n to_o strengthen_v &_o establish_v the_o fleshy_a extremity_n of_o the_o finger_n which_o must_v be_v also_o sharp_a or_o edge_a to_o enclose_v a_o fine_a and_o slender_a body_n that_o otherwise_o will_v have_v slip_v from_o betwixt_o they_o the_o toe_n have_v nail_n to_o cover_v and_o defend_v their_o extremity_n &_o beside_o in_o station_n to_o bear_v the_o toe_n against_o the_o ground_n with_o more_o resistance_n as_o for_o scratch_v or_o claw_v or_o any_o such_o other_o use_n of_o the_o nail_n we_o think_v it_o to_o be_v of_o the_o by_o and_o not_o of_o the_o main_n thus_o at_o length_n have_v we_o through_o the_o divine_a assistance_n bring_v unto_o end_n a_o long_a and_o painful_a labour_n worthy_a indeed_o to_o have_v be_v undertake_v by_o a_o man_n of_o more_o sufficiency_n and_o of_o great_a experience_n in_o this_o art_n then_o i_o will_v have_v myself_o esteem_v to_o be_v my_o age_n conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n and_o mean_v not_o afford_v i_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o do_v that_o which_o i_o have_v earnest_o ever_o affect_v but_o for_o recompense_v of_o these_o defect_n gentle_a reader_n i_o have_v press_v the_o footstep_n of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o approve_a author_n wherein_o as_o my_o first_o and_o most_o simple_a intent_n be_v the_o better_n of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n in_o so_o necessary_a a_o part_n of_o my_o profession_n so_o be_v persuade_v that_o thy_o profit_n may_v fall_v in_o with_o the_o same_o i_o have_v set_v before_o thou_o a_o mirror_n wherein_o thou_o may_v see_v the_o true_a representation_n of_o thy_o own_o original_a structure_n growth_n and_o accomplishment_n &_o learn_v thereby_o to_o give_v the_o glory_n and_o profit_n of_o thy_o creation_n to_o he_o that_o according_a to_o his_o mighty_a work_v do_v first_o pour_v thou_o forth_o as_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o milk_n and_o after_o curdle_a and_o sam_v thou_o uppe_o into_o so_o exquisite_a a_o form_n as_o thou_o be_v become_v the_o most_o wonderful_a of_o all_o his_o work_n of_o wonder_n to_o he_o therefore_o so_o admire_v and_o propitious_a a_o creator_n ascribe_v with_o i_o all_o honour_n and_o praise_n and_o consecrate_v the_o glorious_a temple_n of_o thy_o body_n and_o the_o altar_n of_o thy_o soul_n unto_o that_o deity_n who_o create_v they_o first_o of_o nothing_o redeem_v they_o when_o they_o be_v worse_o than_o naught_o and_o have_v promise_v eternal_a mansion_n for_o they_o to_o partake_v with_o himself_o of_o everlasting_a felicity_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d finis_fw-la â§_o the_o printer_n to_o the_o reader_n when_o i_o intend_v first_o this_o excellent_a labour_n courteous_a reader_n my_o absolute_a purpose_n aim_v at_o the_o ingenious_a work_n of_o m._n ambrose_n parae_fw-la chirurgeon_n to_o the_o most_o christian_n king_n of_o france_n henry_n the_o three_o a_o man_n of_o admirable_a perfection_n in_o his_o art_n and_o profession_n whereto_o i_o be_v the_o rather_o incite_v because_o his_o first_o five_o book_n begin_v with_o this_o present_a argument_n of_o anatomy_n a_o matter_n much_o affect_v by_o i_o but_o find_v his_o scope_n far_o short_a of_o so_o deliberate_a a_o determination_n &_o that_o more_o mature_a discourse_n flow_v from_o those_o two_o famous_a anatomist_n jaspar_n baubinus_n and_o andreas_n laurentius_n with_o diverse_a other_o author_n write_v on_o the_o same_o argument_n i_o make_v choice_n for_o this_o time_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o their_o worthy_a instruction_n although_o to_o my_o no_o mean_a care_n and_o cost_v it_o have_v rise_v to_o so_o great_a a_o volume_n which_o in_o the_o first_o intention_n be_v imagine_v to_o comprise_v the_o whole_a frame_n or_o building_n yet_o let_v i_o not_o be_v misinterpret_v herein_o as_o one_o fearful_a to_o adventure_v on_o a_o work_n of_o far_o great_a moment_n the_o author_n be_v so_o renown_v and_o the_o expectation_n only_o to_o the_o public_a benefit_n of_o my_o country_n for_o thus_o much_o i_o assure_v thou_o the_o figure_n piece_n and_o shape_v belong_v to_o the_o remain_a book_n of_o paraes_n chirurgery_n be_v already_o prepare_v &_o the_o work_n itself_o full_o translate_v for_o the_o press_n which_o by_o thy_o gentle_a acceptance_n of_o this_o my_o first_o adventure_n in_o this_o kind_n will_v fly_v unto_o thou_o with_o the_o swift_a speed_n farewell_n
to_o the_o periostium_fw-la tab._n 11._o kk_n where_o it_o cover_v the_o scaly_a bone_n and_o the_o neighbour_n part_n as_o also_o that_o at_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v the_o periostium_fw-la be_v dilate_v where_o there_o break_v or_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o stony_a bone_n a_o little_a oblique_a and_o round_a process_n much_o like_o a_o quill_n when_o the_o first_o oblique_a incision_n be_v make_v in_o it_o towards_o the_o frame_n of_o a_o pen_n which_o process_n be_v ordain_v that_o this_o membrane_n may_v be_v connect_v with_o the_o stony_a bone_n this_o process_n be_v call_v the_o ring_n or_o the_o bony_a circle_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 3._o *_o tab._n 11._o e._n out_o of_o ring_n the_o bony_a ring_n who_o circumference_n the_o hole_n of_o hear_v begin_v this_o process_n have_v a_o double_a original_n tab._n 11._o n._n the_o low_a grow_v out_o of_o the_o scaly_a bone_n and_o resemble_v a_o knub_n or_o knot_n which_o bend_v a_o little_a oblique_o inward_a be_v place_v before_o the_o door_n or_o entrance_n of_o the_o first_o cavity_n where_o on_o the_o inside_n it_o have_v a_o round_a furrow_n or_o be_v light_o excavate_v in_o the_o midst_n round_o about_o the_o circumference_n with_o two_o bony_a brim_n or_o edge_n swell_v out_o on_o either_o side_n in_o which_o furrow_n the_o membrane_n grow_v very_o fast_o round_o about_o that_o it_o may_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o violent_a motion_n either_o of_o the_o external_a air_n enter_v in_o or_o the_o internal_a air_n beat_v outward_a as_o it_o happen_v in_o oscitation_n or_o yawning_n when_o we_o hold_v our_o breath_n long_o or_o when_o we_o blow_v our_o nose_n wherefore_o it_o be_v most_o like_a that_o circle_n in_o a_o drum_n to_o which_o the_o vellum_n be_v fasten_v tab._n 10._o fig._n 3._o &_o 4._o q._n tab._n 11._o d._n and_o this_o bony_a ring_n in_o infant_n be_v easy_o separate_v from_o the_o temple_n bone_n but_o in_o grow_v body_n it_o be_v so_o close_o join_v on_o one_o side_n to_o the_o stony_a bone_n on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v that_o a_o man_n will_v not_o think_v it_o have_v be_v ever_o separate_v from_o they_o neither_o indeed_o can_v it_o be_v separate_v in_o grow_v body_n without_o break_v yet_o the_o furrow_n remain_v still_o to_o be_v see_v and_o thus_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n seem_v to_o be_v separate_v in_o the_o circumference_n from_o the_o pericranium_n but_o let_v we_o hear_v what_o galen_n can_v say_v of_o this_o membrane_n galen_n inquire_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o this_o membrane_n and_o institute_v a_o comparison_n betwixt_o the_o cover_n or_o coat_n of_o the_o optic_a and_o the_o first_o nerve_n of_o hear_v and_o afterward_o membrane_n a_o passage_n out_o of_o galen_n prove_v that_o he_o know_v this_o membrane_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_v show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v these_o nerve_n shall_v be_v leave_v naked_a because_o than_o they_o will_v have_v be_v expose_v to_o all_o outward_a iviury_n see_v then_o they_o need_v a_o cover_n either_o it_o must_v be_v crass_a and_o sight_n as_o that_o of_o the_o eye_n or_o rare_a &_o porous_a or_o in_o a_o mean_a betwixt_o both_o it_o behoove_v not_o it_o shall_v be_v crass_a and_o sight_n because_o such_o a_o cover_n will_v have_v hinder_v the_o access_n of_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v move_v especial_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v but_o easy_a as_o it_o be_v when_o we_o speak_v ordinary_o one_o to_o another_o neither_o ought_v it_o to_o have_v be_v rare_a and_o porous_a for_o then_o the_o air_n will_v have_v pierce_v through_o it_o and_o so_o the_o nerve_n shall_v easy_o have_v be_v offend_v and_o the_o brain_n itself_o refrigerated_a tab._n 10._o show_v the_o ear_n and_o the_o diverse_a internal_a part_n thereof_o figure_n 1._o show_v the_o whole_a external_a ear_n with_o a_o part_n of_o the_o temple_n bone_n figure_n 2._o show_v the_o left_a bone_n of_o the_o temple_n divide_v in_o the_o midst_n by_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v where_o about_o on_o either_o side_n there_o be_v certain_a passage_n here_o particular_o describe_v fig._n 3_o &_o 4._o show_v the_o three_o little_a bone_n fig._n 5._o show_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o temple_n which_o be_v see_v near_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v divide_v through_o the_o midst_n whereby_o the_o nerve_n bone_n &_o membrans_fw-la may_v appear_v as_o vesalius_n conceyve_v of_o they_o fig._n 6._o show_v the_o vessel_n membrane_n bone_n &_o hole_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v as_o platerus_n have_v describe_v they_o fig._n 7_o and_o 8._o show_v the_o little_a bone_n of_o the_o hear_n of_o a_o man_n and_o of_o a_o calf_n both_o join_v and_o separate_v fig._n 9_o show_v the_o muscle_n find_v out_o by_o aquapendens_fw-la tabula_fw-la x._o fig_n i._o iii_o ii_o v._o vii_o vi_o ix_o viii_o β_n the_o auditory_a nerve_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n where_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o four_o hole_n γ_n the_o iugular_a vein_n with_o a_o part_n of_o a_o nerve_n pass_v through_o the_o first_o cavity_n ♌_o where_o it_o pass_v through_o his_o second_o hole_n near_o to_o ♌_o εε_n a_o artery_n enter_v that_o cavitie_n through_o the_o three_o hole_n and_o a_o nerve_n fall_v through_o the_o same_o hole_n h_o the_o same_o artery_n fall_v through_o the_o five_o hole_n u._fw-mi the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o 5._o nerve_n reach_v unto_o the_o 2_o &_o 3._o cavity_n θθ_n a_o high_a part_n of_o the_o 5._o nerve_n bring_v through_o the_o scrue_a canal_n or_o pipe_n unto_o θ_o where_o it_o fall_v out_o x_o the_o tympane_n or_o drum_n shut_v the_o first_o cavity_n λ_n the_o three_o little_a bone_n of_o hear_v join_v together_o μ_n the_o three_o cavity_n or_o the_o trumpet_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v v_o the_o second_o cavity_n or_o the_o mettle_n my_o run_a out_o with_o three_o burrough_n ξ_n Ï€_n thâ—_n canale_n or_o watercourse_n carry_v a_o nerve_n and_o a_o artery_n open_v itself_o with_o two_o hole_n figu_n 7_o &_o 8_o â—_o the_o hammer_n σ_n the_o anvile_n Ï„_n the_o stirrup_n wherefore_o nature_n frame_v a_o muniment_n or_o defence_n to_o help_v the_o security_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o a_o moderate_a consistence_n and_o thus_o he_o conclude_v nature_n therefore_o foresee_v that_o if_o she_o have_v make_v the_o construction_n of_o that_o nerve_n with_o a_o strong_a maniment_n it_o will_v indeed_o have_v be_v fit_n to_o bear_v off_o offence_n but_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v be_v deaf_a again_o if_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o nerve_n have_v have_v no_o defence_n it_o will_v have_v be_v very_o subject_a to_o outward_a injury_n and_o therefore_o she_o take_v a_o way_n betwixt_o they_o both_o and_o make_v for_o the_o construction_n of_o this_o nerve_n a_o help_n neither_o too_o stiff_a to_o hinder_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v nor_o too_o rare_a that_o the_o air_n shall_v penetrate_v through_o it_o but_o of_o a_o moderate_a consistence_n which_o may_v not_o only_o secure_v the_o instrument_n from_o violence_n but_o also_o receive_v and_o return_v the_o impression_n of_o sound_n again_o the_o same_o galen_n write_v of_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o smell_a say_v that_o it_o need_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o defence_n more_o rare_a than_o that_o of_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v fast_o and_o sight_n because_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a be_v thick_a than_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v for_o the_o object_n of_o smell_a be_v a_o vaporous_a substance_n wherein_o the_o odour_n do_v exhale_v but_o the_o object_n of_o hear_v be_v air_n alter_v only_o by_o a_o impression_n of_o sound_n by_o this_o we_o may_v see_v that_o galen_n be_v not_o utter_o ignorant_a of_o this_o membrane_n and_o we_o have_v the_o rather_o insert_v this_o passage_n out_o of_o he_o because_o many_o late_a anatomist_n have_v avouch_v that_o galen_n make_v no_o mention_n thereof_o at_o all_o but_o be_v utter_o ignorant_a of_o it_o we_o return_v now_o unto_o the_o membrane_n the_o substance_n therefore_o of_o this_o membrane_n be_v thin_a fast_o dry_a translucide_n and_o of_o exquisite_a sense_n membrane_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o membrane_n so_o thin_a and_o fine_a that_o hipocrates_n compare_v it_o to_o a_o spider_n web_n the_o better_a to_o transmit_v a_o easy_a voice_n or_o soft_a sound_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a unto_o the_o act_n of_o hear_v or_o if_o you_o will_v unto_o the_o passion_n of_o hear_v that_o the_o sound_n shall_v be_v communicate_v with_o the_o in_o breed_v air_n although_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o outward_a and_o inward_a air_n be_v not_o mingle_v and_o yet_o so_o strong_a withal_o that_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o
bear_v a_o pulsation_n which_o may_v affect_v the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v wherefore_o bony_a it_o behove_v not_o to_o be_v for_o then_o the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n will_v have_v be_v deaf_a because_o the_o in_o breed_v air_n will_v not_o have_v receive_v the_o sound_n and_o alteration_n bony_a why_o not_o bony_a of_o the_o external_a air_n and_o if_o the_o bone_n have_v be_v so_o thin_a that_o it_o can_v have_v transmit_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o air_n than_o also_o will_v it_o have_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o break_v it_o be_v not_o fit_v this_o cover_n or_o instrument_n shall_v be_v fleshy_a because_o if_o that_o which_o receive_v fleshy_a why_o not_o fleshy_a the_o sound_n have_v be_v lax_n or_o loose_v it_o will_v not_o so_o well_o have_v transmit_v the_o impression_n for_o we_o see_v that_o the_o strait_a a_o drum_n be_v brace_v the_o shrill_a sound_n it_o yield_v again_o if_o it_o have_v be_v fleshy_a it_o will_v have_v be_v soft_a and_o full_a of_o moisture_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n will_v have_v admit_v of_o many_o thing_n to_o cleave_v or_o stick_v unto_o it_o which_o now_o do_v fall_v away_o from_o it_o because_o it_o be_v membranous_a this_o partition_n therefore_o or_o muniment_n or_o cover_v call_v it_o what_o you_o will_v be_v membranous_a and_o thin_a withal_o for_o if_o in_o the_o first_o conformation_n it_o be_v produce_v a_o thick_a and_o fast_o membrane_n then_o be_v the_o party_n deaf_a incurable_o as_o arantius_n and_o laurentius_n have_v well_o remember_v but_o we_o find_v sometime_o before_o this_o membrane_n on_o the_o outside_n that_o there_o grow_v a_o certain_a thick_a coat_n beside_o the_o intent_n of_o nature_n of_o which_o aegineta_n make_v mention_n in_o dumb_a how_o child_n become_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a the_o 23._o chapter_n of_o his_o 2._o book_n and_o aquapendens_fw-la say_v he_o find_v it_o twice_o but_o aegineta_n teach_v also_o the_o way_n how_o to_o cure_v it_o yet_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v doubt_v that_o if_o it_o grow_v from_o the_o nativity_n such_o child_n will_v become_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a deaf_a because_o this_o coat_n hinder_v the_o appulsion_n of_o the_o sound_n unto_o the_o membrane_n dumb_a because_o they_o be_v not_o able_a either_o to_o conceive_v with_o their_o mind_n or_o to_o utter_v with_o their_o voice_n that_o they_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o and_o as_o such_o a_o coat_n or_o film_n before_o the_o membrane_n do_v cause_n deafness_n so_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o immediate_o behind_o the_o membrane_n there_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o mucous_a matter_n or_o a_o affluence_n of_o some_o humour_n from_o whence_o proceed_v a_o great_a difficulty_n of_o hear_v hard_o to_o be_v cure_v but_o if_o the_o humour_n be_v thin_a than_o the_o hear_v be_v not_o so_o much_o impeach_v as_o the_o patient_a be_v vex_v with_o ring_n sing_n whistling_n and_o hiss_a murmur_n in_o his_o ear_n furthermore_o this_o membrane_n be_v sight_n and_o fast_o have_v in_o it_o no_o conspicuous_a pore_n but_o nervous_a &_o strong_a the_o better_a to_o resist_v outward_a injury_n &_o violent_a incusion_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v also_o very_o dry_a that_o it_o may_v more_o ready_o receive_v the_o sound_n and_o more_o distinct_o dry_a why_o the_o membrane_n be_v dry_a make_v represetation_n of_o the_o same_o for_o we_o imagine_v that_o the_o image_n of_o the_o sound_n be_v receive_v in_o this_o membrane_n without_o the_o matter_n even_o as_o the_o image_n of_o colour_n be_v receive_v in_o the_o horny_a membrane_n of_o the_o eye_n beside_o hypocrates_n say_v that_o dryness_n be_v a_o great_a help_n to_o the_o conception_n or_o reception_n of_o sound_n because_o that_o which_o sound_v shrill_a be_v far_a hard_a as_o we_o have_v experience_n in_o small_a bell_n which_o be_v make_v of_o thin_a and_o fast_a latin_a plate_n this_o membrane_n be_v also_o translucide_n and_o polished_a like_o a_o looking-glass_n both_o within_o &_o without_o save_v that_o on_o the_o inside_n the_o process_n of_o the_o bone_n call_v the_o mallet_n or_o hammer_n be_v extend_v upward_o unto_o the_o midst_n thereof_o like_a as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o a_o drum_n there_o be_v a_o chord_n stretch_v overthwart_o through_o the_o midst_n the_o use_n of_o this_o membrane_n be_v to_o close_v up_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v in_o a_o round_a compass_n &_o like_o a_o hedge_n or_o wall_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o four_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n and_o therefore_o membrane_n the_o diverse_a use_n of_o the_o membrane_n laurentius_n call_v it_o septum_fw-la the_o partition_n it_o serve_v also_o to_o distinguish_v the_o external_a from_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o care_n but_o especial_o to_o separate_v the_o inbred_n air_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o impression_n of_o sound_n from_o the_o external_a or_o the_o air_n that_o come_v from_o without_o for_o if_o these_o two_o air_n have_v be_v mix_v and_o confound_v the_o outward_a air_n be_v oftentimes_o foggy_a and_o thick_a must_v needs_o have_v make_v the_o inward_a air_n also_o more_o unfit_a for_o sensation_n neither_o do_v it_o only_o keep_v the_o inward_a air_n from_o permixtion_n with_o the_o outward_a but_o also_o contain_v it_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o vanish_v of_o it_o own_o accord_n or_o be_v disperse_v and_o dissipate_v in_o vehement_a noise_n or_o sound_n add_v hereto_o that_o it_o keep_v out_o the_o external_a air_n so_o that_o neither_o the_o cold_a nor_o heat_n thereof_o can_v offend_v the_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n final_o it_o defend_v the_o inward_a part_n from_o outward_a wrong_n so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v over_o head_n and_o eat_v in_o the_o water_n yet_o the_o water_n can_v pass_v beyond_o the_o membrane_n in_o like_a manner_n it_o keep_v out_o fly_v and_o other_o such_o busy_a creature_n dust_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o shall_v happen_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v but_o because_o the_o thinness_n of_o this_o membrane_n make_v it_o subject_a to_o be_v violate_v or_o endanger_v by_o such_o outward_a accident_n nature_n for_o more_o security_n have_v place_v on_o the_o inside_n thereof_o three_o bone_n a_o chord_n or_o string_n and_o two_o muscle_n whereby_o this_o membrane_n be_v make_v better_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v beat_v against_o it_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o small_a bone_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v and_o of_o the_o chord_n the_o three_o bone_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v be_v not_o know_v to_o anatomist_n till_o the_o age_n wherein_o we_o live_v those_o two_o which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o anvil_n or_o the_o stithy_n and_o the_o mallet_n or_o hammer_n be_v invent_v or_o bone_n the_o finder_n out_o of_o these_o bone_n find_v out_o by_o that_o restorer_n of_o anatomy_n johannes_n carpus_n of_o bononia_n and_o the_o three_o johannes_n phillippus_n ingrassias_n challenge_v unto_o himself_o so_o do_v also_o columbus_n and_o eustachius_n and_o well_o it_o may_v be_v that_o all_o these_o be_v so_o oculate_a anatomist_n do_v find_v it_o out_o by_o their_o industry_n but_o now_o we_o have_v they_o it_o shall_v be_v more_o expedient_a precise_o to_o describe_v they_o unto_o you_o then_o to_o determine_v who_o be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o they_o these_o bone_n therefore_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o first_o cavity_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n which_o before_o we_o call_v the_o tympane_n that_o be_v the_o drum_n or_o taber_n and_o because_o their_o figure_n be_v diverse_a they_o situation_n the_o situation_n have_v also_o diverse_a name_n give_v they_o partly_o from_o the_o similitude_n they_o have_v with_o the_o thing_n who_o name_n they_o bear_v partly_o also_o from_o their_o use_n the_o first_o be_v call_v malleus_fw-la or_o malleolus_n the_o mallet_n or_o the_o hammer_n the_o second_o incus_fw-la the_o anvil_n or_o the_o stithy_n the_o three_o stape_v nerve_n their_o nerve_n the_o stirrup_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 6._o 7._o 8._o the_o hammer_n or_o mallet_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 4._o r._n fig._n 5._o c._n fig._n 8._o q._n tab._n 11._o c._n l._n be_v seat_v in_o mallet_n the_o mallet_n the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o cavitie_n of_o the_o stony_a bone_n tab._n 10._o fig._n 2._o near_a to_o c._n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v this_o bone_n say_v coiter_v have_v his_o name_n rather_o from_o his_o use_n then_o from_o his_o form_n because_o when_o the_o membrane_n be_v move_v the_o mallet_n also_o be_v move_v therewithal_o or_o because_o like_o a_o hammer_n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o anvil_n and_o in_o the_o motion_n beat_v upon_o the_o membrane_n other_o do_v liken_v it_o to_o the_o thighbone_n as_o vessalius_n on_o this_o manner_n as_o the_o thigh_n near_o the_o neck_n thereof_o have_v two_o process_n