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scripture_n worship_n worship_v writer_n 32 3 7.9134 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A53750 A true and lively representation of popery shewing that popery is only new-modell'd paganism, and perfectly destructive of the great ends and purposes of God in the Gospel. Owen, Thankfull, 1620-1681. 1679 (1679) Wing O830; ESTC R18583 46,596 82

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of_o the_o pagan_a theology_n first_o that_o there_o be_v one_o self-originated_n deity_n who_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o maker_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n second_o that_o there_o be_v beside_o he_o other_o god_n also_o to_o be_v religious_o worship_v that_o be_v intellectual_a being_n superior_a to_o man_n which_o be_v notwithstanding_o all_o make_v or_o create_v by_o that_o one_o to_o the_o supreme_a god_n they_o give_v the_o high_a worship_n but_o to_o those_o subordinate_a deity_n they_o give_v a_o lesser_a or_o inferior_a kind_n of_o religious_a worship_n that_o be_v they_o adore_v and_o worship_v the_o supreme_a god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o original_a of_o all_o thing_n but_o their_o inferior_a deity_n as_o mediator_n and_o intercessor_n for_o they_o with_o the_o supreme_a numen_fw-la and_o where_o i_o pray_v lie_v the_o difference_n now_o between_o the_o papist_n and_o the_o pagan_a save_v that_o the_o dii_fw-la medioxumi_fw-la of_o the_o heathen_n be_v change_v into_o saint_n and_o angel_n by_o the_o papist_n and_o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o pagan_n substitute_v these_o subordinate_a god_n in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n and_o worship_v they_o above_o or_o more_o than_o he_o i_o shall_v ready_o grant_v it_o and_o do_v likewise_o affirm_v the_o same_o of_o the_o papist_n who_o by_o give_v religious_a worship_n to_o saint_n and_o angel_n do_v real_o substitute_v they_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o worship_v they_o above_o or_o more_o than_o he_o for_o so_o sir_n edwin_n sands_n tell_v we_o that_o for_o one_o prayer_n put_v up_o to_o god_n spec_fw-la europe_n spec_fw-la there_o be_v ten_o offer_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n so_o that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o worshipper_n of_o the_o man_n christ_n jesus_n as_o of_o the_o woman_n his_o mother_n but_o that_o the_o pagan_n do_v so_o worship_v their_o inferior_a deity_n as_o whole_o to_o pass_v by_o and_o neglect_v the_o supreme_a i_o utter_o deny_v to_o the_o second_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v true_a the_o saint_n and_o martyr_n be_v worthy_a of_o some_o regard_n and_o veneration_n but_o not_o of_o religious_a worship_n which_o to_o give_v they_o be_v downright_a idolatry_n but_o the_o honour_n and_o reverence_n which_o we_o pay_v to_o the_o saint_n depart_v consist_v 1._o in_o make_v a_o honourable_a mention_n of_o their_o name_n as_o be_v great_a and_o glorious_a light_n in_o their_o time_n 2._o in_o set_v before_o our_o eye_n their_o virtue_n and_o pray_v to_o god_n to_o give_v we_o grace_n to_o follow_v their_o good_a example_n that_o with_o they_o we_o may_v be_v partaker_n of_o his_o heavenly_a kingdom_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a in_o the_o heathen_a to_o worship_v the_o star_n that_o have_v neither_o sense_n nor_o reason_n i_o find_v they_o utter_o disclaim_v this_o latter_a part_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o look_v upon_o all_o the_o world_n and_o the_o several_a part_n thereof_o to_o be_v animate_v at_o least_o with_o one_o great_a soul_n and_o they_o that_o worship_v the_o sun_n do_v not_o do_v it_o as_o suppose_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o dead_a and_o lifeless_a thing_n but_o as_o animate_v with_o some_o intellectual_a be_v for_o to_o deny_v the_o world_n animation_n and_o to_o be_v a_o atheist_n or_o to_o deny_v a_o god_n be_v look_v upon_o by_o they_o as_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n because_o all_o the_o pagan_n who_o asserted_a providence_n hold_v the_o world_n also_o to_o be_v animate_v and_o epicurus_n deny_v the_o world_n animation_n upon_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o he_o atheistical_o endeavour_v to_o exclude_v a_o providence_n and_o though_o the_o poet_n have_v introduce_v many_o absurd_a and_o impure_a fable_n into_o their_o religion_n concern_v jupiter_n yet_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o by_o jupiter_n the_o heathen_n understand_v the_o supreme_a god_n the_o true_a etymon_n of_o jupiter_n be_v not_o juvans_fw-la pater_fw-la a_o help_a father_n as_o cicero_n will_v have_v it_o but_o jovis_n pater_fw-la jove_n the_o father_n of_o god_n and_o man_n which_o jovis_n be_v the_o very_a hebrew_n tetragrammaton_fw-gr only_o alter_v by_o a_o latin_a termination_n and_o jupiter_n pluto_n 451._o see_v dr._n cudworth_n intellect_n sy_v l._n 1._o c._n 4._o p._n 451._o neptune_n juno_n minerva_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o pagan_a theology_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o polyonymy_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o supreme_a be_v in_o the_o various_a act_n and_o manifestation_n of_o himself_o in_o the_o several_a thing_n and_o part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o if_o jupiter_n be_v a_o impious_a king_n and_o the_o heathen_n worship_v he_o after_o his_o death_n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o to_o find_v many_o such_o saint_n in_o the_o roman_a calendar_n last_o for_o the_o demon_n worship_v by_o the_o pagan_n it_o be_v evident_a they_o look_v upon_o they_o under_o another_o notion_n and_o do_v not_o conceive_v they_o to_o be_v hater_n of_o god_n and_o virtue_n but_o mediator_n and_o intercessor_n and_o such_o who_o do_v negotiate_v affair_n between_o mortal_n and_o the_o supreme_a god_n so_o that_o this_o argument_n like_o the_o former_a proceed_v upon_o a_o false_a supposition_n leave_v no_o other_o difference_n but_o what_o arise_v from_o the_o change_n of_o name_n between_o papist_n and_o pagan_a but_o the_o popish_a saint_n be_v exact_o like_o the_o demon_n of_o the_o heathen_a to_o the_o three_o which_o extenuate_v the_o error_n of_o papist_n in_o their_o invocation_n of_o saint_n because_o they_o ascribe_v the_o omniscience_n of_o the_o saint_n whereby_o they_o hear_v their_o suppliant_n throughout_o all_o the_o world_n to_o god_n as_o his_o gift_n i_o reply_v that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o subordinate_a god_n of_o the_o heathen_n who_o be_v altogether_o as_o omniscient_a as_o the_o romish_a saint_n nor_o do_v the_o pagan_n ever_o look_v upon_o their_o middle_a god_n as_o so_o many_o particular_a independent_a and_o self-originated_n being_n but_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v the_o creature_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n and_o make_v by_o he_o what_o they_o be_v fancy_v to_o be_v by_o their_o devotionist_n and_o all_o the_o honour_n confer_v upon_o these_o subordinate_a deity_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o pagan_n to_o redound_v to_o the_o supreme_a 7._o have_v now_o dispatch_v the_o first_o part_n wherein_o i_o affirm_v the_o pagan_a polytheism_n and_o idolatry_n to_o consist_v namely_o in_o worship_v many_o inferior_a create_a deity_n together_o with_o the_o supreme_a god_n and_o draw_v the_o parallel_n full_o and_o exact_o between_o this_o heathenish_a worship_n and_o that_o now_o practise_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n i_o shall_v with_o the_o same_o clearness_n and_o evidence_n demonstrate_v the_o second_o part_n viz._n that_o papist_n do_v egregious_o paganize_v in_o worship_v both_o the_o supreme_a god_n and_o their_o other_o inferior_a deity_n in_o image_n and_o statue_n and_o let_v not_o any_o man_n be_v mistake_v and_o think_v that_o because_o papist_n do_v not_o call_v angel_n and_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n depart_v god_n or_o inferior_a deity_n but_o saint_n that_o therefore_o the_o case_n be_v quite_o different_a between_o they_o and_o the_o pagan_n for_o by_o give_v religious_a worship_n to_o they_o they_o do_v for_o that_o very_a reason_n make_v they_o god_n whether_o they_o call_v they_o so_o or_o not_o for_o neither_o do_v the_o heathen_n believe_v their_o inferior_a deity_n to_o be_v so_o many_o self-existent_a and_o independent_a but_o create_v being_n make_v by_o the_o supreme_a god_n but_o by_o perform_v religious_a worship_n to_o they_o they_o make_v they_o god_n so_o far_o as_o any_o creature_n can_v be_v make_v a_o god_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n they_o be_v call_v god_n in_o scripture_n so_o that_o i_o can_v free_v the_o romish_a church_n from_o polytheism_n and_o idolatry_n any_o more_o than_o the_o pagan_a world_n who_o by_o all_o christian_a writer_n have_v be_v just_o brand_v with_o that_o heinous_a impiety_n that_o the_o pagan_n worship_v the_o supreme_a god_n and_o likewise_o their_o subordinate_a deity_n in_o image_n and_o statue_n i_o think_v be_v so_o evident_a as_o not_o to_o be_v deny_v however_o i_o shall_v offer_v something_o towards_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o and_o first_o that_o the_o heathen_n worship_v the_o true_a god_n the_o creator_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n in_o a_o image_n appear_v from_o the_o story_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o thebais_n who_o worship_v the_o maker_n of_o world_n under_o the_o name_n of_o cneph_n in_o a_o image_n or_o statue_n of_o humane_a form_n and_o a_o blackish_a sky-coloured_a complexion_n hold_v in_o his_o hand_n a_o girdle_n and_o a_o sceptre_n and_o wear_v upon_o his_o head_n a_o princely_a plume_n and_o
intercession_n to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n with_o divine_a prayer_n and_o moreover_o that_o in_o s._n augustine_n day_n invocation_n of_o saint_n be_v not_o use_v in_o the_o common_a service_n of_o the_o western_a church_n but_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v in_o about_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n gregory_n the_o first_o nor_o can_v this_o paganish_a idolatry_n be_v palliate_v and_o excuse_v by_o that_o poor_a subterfuge_n of_o distinguish_v religious_a worship_n into_o latria_n and_o dulia_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v proper_a only_o to_o god_n the_o other_o to_o creature_n that_o be_v to_o saint_n and_o angel_n first_o because_o the_o true_a object_n of_o religious_a worship_n be_v but_o one_o for_o god_n be_v one_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o creature_n be_v worship_v with_o religious_a worship_n though_o inferior_a to_o that_o which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o supreme_a god_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la by_o this_o make_v a_o god_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o creature_n to_o be_v make_v a_o god_n 2._o the_o word_n latria_n and_o dulia_n be_v promiscuous_o use_v in_o scripture_n to_o denote_v the_o worship_n due_a to_o god_n alone_o as_o 1_o thes_n 1.9_o you_o turn_v to_o god_n from_o idol_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o serve_v the_o live_n and_o true_a god_n which_o have_v be_v a_o derogation_n if_o the_o apostle_n have_v use_v a_o word_n that_o have_v signify_v any_o thing_n less_o than_o divine_a worship_n i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o particular_a with_o a_o passage_n which_o i_o find_v cite_v out_o of_o athanasius_n his_o four_o oration_n against_o the_o arrian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n why_o therefore_o do_v not_o these_o arrian_n hold_v this_o reckon_v themselves_o among_o the_o pagan_n or_o gentile_n since_o they_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n worship_v the_o creature_n beside_o the_o creator_n for_o though_o the_o pagan_n worship_n one_o uncreated_a and_o many_o create_a god_n but_o these_o arrian_n only_o one_o uncreated_a and_o one_o create_v to_o wit_n the_o son_n or_o word_n of_o god_n yet_o will_v not_o this_o make_v any_o real_a difference_n betwixt_o they_o because_o the_o arrian_n one_o create_v be_v one_o of_o those_o many_o pagan_a god_n and_o those_o many_o god_n of_o the_o pagan_n or_o gentile_n have_v the_o same_o nature_n with_o this_o one_o they_o be_v alike_o creature_n wherefore_o these_o wretched_a arrian_n be_v apostate_n from_o the_o truth_n of_o christianity_n they_o betray_v christ_n more_o than_o the_o jew_n do_v and_o wallow_v or_o tumble_v in_o the_o filth_n of_o pagan_a idolatry_n worship_v creature_n and_o different_a kind_n of_o go_n in_o which_o passage_n of_o this_o father_n these_o thing_n be_v observable_a 1._o that_o the_o arrian_n be_v charge_v with_o pagan_a idolatry_n in_o the_o same_o word_n which_o st._n paul_n use_v against_o the_o heathen_n that_o they_o do_v worship_v the_o creature_n beside_o or_o in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o creator_n for_o the_o arrian_n constant_o declare_v that_o they_o give_v less_o worship_n to_o christ_n the_o son_n or_o word_n of_o god_n he_o be_v by_o they_o account_v but_o a_o creature_n than_o they_o do_v to_o the_o father_n the_o creator_n 2._o that_o the_o pagan_a polytheism_n and_o idolatry_n consist_v in_o worship_v one_o only_o uncreated_a and_o independent_a and_o many_o create_a go_n 3._o that_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god_n be_v not_o enough_o to_o excuse_v from_o idolatry_n if_o any_o creature_n be_v worship_v with_o religious_a worship_n together_o with_o he_o for_o then_o the_o pagan_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o guilt_n of_o idolatry_n 4._o that_o the_o father_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n if_o we_o may_v credit_v athanasius_n affirm_v that_o to_o give_v religious_a worship_n to_o any_o create_v be_v whatsoever_o though_o inferior_a to_o that_o worship_n which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o supreme_a god_n be_v absolute_o idolatry_n and_o therefore_o the_o distinction_n of_o religious_a worship_n into_o latria_n and_o dulia_n as_o it_o be_v perfect_o unknown_a to_o they_o so_o be_v it_o invent_v of_o late_o mere_o to_o palliate_v and_o hide_v the_o odious_a turpitude_n of_o pagan_a idolatry_n because_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o arrian_n give_v much_o a_o inferior_a worship_n to_o christ_n the_o son_n or_o word_n of_o god_n who_o they_o contend_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a creature_n make_v in_o time_n mutable_a and_o defectible_a than_o they_o do_v to_o that_o eternal_a god_n who_o be_v the_o creator_n of_o he_o now_o if_o the_o arrian_n who_o zealous_o contend_v for_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o godhead_n be_v nevertheless_o by_o those_o father_n condemn_v as_o guilty_a of_o pagan_a idolatry_n for_o bestow_v but_o a_o inferior_a kind_n of_o religious_a worship_n upon_o christ_n the_o son_n or_o word_n of_o god_n himself_o as_o he_o be_v suppose_v by_o they_o to_o be_v a_o creature_n then_o certain_o can_v papist_n be_v excuse_v from_o that_o guilt_n who_o bestow_v religious_a worship_n upon_o these_o other_o creature_n angel_n and_o soul_n of_o man_n though_o inferior_a to_o what_o they_o give_v to_o the_o supreme_a omnipotent_a god_n the_o creator_n of_o all_o because_o the_o son_n or_o word_n of_o god_n however_o conceive_v by_o these_o arrian_n to_o be_v a_o creature_n yet_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o they_o as_o the_o first_o the_o most_o glorious_a and_o excellent_a of_o all_o creature_n and_o that_o by_o which_o as_o a_o instrument_n all_o other_o creature_n as_o angel_n and_o soul_n be_v make_v and_o therefore_o if_o it_o be_v idolatry_n in_o they_o to_o give_v a_o inferior_a kind_n of_o religious_a worship_n to_o this_o son_n and_o word_n of_o god_n himself_o according_a to_o their_o hypothesis_n then_o can_v it_o not_o possible_o be_v account_v less_o to_o bestow_v the_o same_o upon_o those_o other_o creature_n make_v by_o he_o as_o angel_n and_o man_n decease_v i_o confess_v there_o be_v many_o pious_a and_o learned_a man_n both_o of_o our_o own_o and_o other_o nation_n who_o can_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o romanist_n be_v paganical_o idolatrous_a in_o this_o particular_a the_o ground_n and_o reason_n of_o this_o their_o dissent_n seem_v to_o be_v these_o three_o especial_o which_o be_v lay_v down_o by_o curcellaeus_n 1._o in_o the_o romish_a church_n say_v he_o the_o one_o supreme_a god_n the_o maker_n tatium_fw-la in_o epist_n ad_fw-la adrian_n tatium_fw-la and_o governor_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n be_v acknowledge_v and_o adore_v and_o the_o saint_n be_v worship_v with_o a_o inferior_a degree_n of_o honour_n as_o the_o friend_n of_o god_n and_o such_o as_o be_v in_o great_a favour_n with_o he_o but_o the_o pagan_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o substitute_v the_o sun_n and_o moon_n the_o soul_n of_o dead_a man_n and_o daemon_n in_o his_o place_n and_o worship_v they_o as_o go_n 2._o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o saint_n and_o martyr_n who_o the_o roman_a catholic_n worship_n be_v worthy_a of_o some_o veneration_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o their_o excellent_a virtue_n and_o constancy_n in_o persecution_n but_o to_o worship_v the_o star_n that_o have_v neither_o sense_n nor_o reason_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o no_o honour_n can_v be_v due_a to_o the_o memory_n of_o impious_a and_o flagitious_a king_n such_o as_o jupiter_n be_v and_o as_o for_o daemon_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v detest_v by_o all_o good_a man_n as_o hater_n of_o god_n and_o virtue_n 3._o the_o romanist_n indeed_o attribute_v to_o their_o saint_n a_o knowledge_n in_o some_o sense_n and_o measure_v divine_a by_o which_o they_o hear_v our_o prayer_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o our_o want_n and_o necessity_n although_o the_o scripture_n deny_v all_o such_o knowledge_n to_o the_o dead_a as_o eccles_n 9.5_o 6._o job_n 14.21_o but_o this_o do_v somewhat_o lessen_v their_o error_n that_o they_o profess_v that_o the_o saint_n have_v not_o this_o knowledge_n of_o themselves_o but_o from_o the_o gift_n of_o god_n but_o now_o the_o heathen_n err_v inexcusable_o while_o they_o ascribe_v to_o their_o false_a god_n a_o independent_a knowledge_n and_o power_n which_o be_v only_o compatible_a to_o the_o supreme_a god_n thus_o far_o curcellaeus_n to_o which_o i_o reply_v to_o the_o first_o that_o it_o be_v a_o vulgar_a error_n to_o suppose_v the_o pagan_n ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a god_n or_o that_o they_o do_v not_o worship_v the_o supreme_a god_n the_o maker_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n as_o not_o only_o appear_v from_o the_o text_n of_o scripture_n cite_v already_o but_o be_v clear_o and_o evident_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o person_n of_o singular_a learning_n 462._o dr._n cudworth_n true_a intellectual_a system_n of_o the_o universe_n l._n 1._o c._n 4._o p._n 462._o who_o from_o plutarch_n heraiscus_n asclepiades_fw-la and_o other_o affirm_v these_o two_o to_o be_v fundamental_a point_n
religious_a worship_n to_o any_o creature_n whether_o to_o saint_n and_o angel_n or_o demon_n and_o hero_n be_v a_o make_n or_o have_v other_o god_n before_o the_o true_a and_o everliving_a god_n and_o this_o be_v so_o express_o forbid_v by_o the_o god_n of_o israel_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o all_o erect_v image_n to_o be_v bow_v to_o or_o worship_v in_o reference_n to_o these_o be_v forbid_v also_o but_o i_o be_o fall_v upon_o the_o second_o branch_n of_o the_o parallel_n afore_o i_o be_v aware_a that_o be_v that_o as_o the_o image_n of_o the_o pagan_n so_o likewise_o of_o the_o papist_n be_v symbolical_a representation_n of_o the_o god_n they_o worship_v that_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n or_o of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n or_o of_o this_o or_o that_o saint_n shall_v be_v like_o the_o carnal_a figure_n of_o those_o person_n while_o they_o live_v on_o earth_n be_v extreme_o uncertain_a suppose_v now_o a_o devout_a papist_n bow_v down_o and_o worship_v the_o image_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n if_o this_o worship_n be_v give_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o personal_a similitude_n the_o image_n have_v with_o the_o party_n it_o represent_v it_o will_v certain_o fall_v upon_o some_o other_o perhaps_o wicked_a person_n and_o not_o upon_o the_o holy_a virgin_n the_o picture_n of_o the_o beautiful_a courtesan_n phryne_n be_v place_v upon_o a_o high_a pillar_n at_o delphos_n and_o according_a to_o the_o feature_n and_o lineament_n of_o this_o as_o of_o the_o most_o exquisite_a beauty_n be_v draw_v the_o picture_n of_o the_o goddess_n venus_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o strumpet_n phryne_n and_o not_o the_o goddess_n will_v be_v the_o ultimate_a object_n of_o the_o religious_a worship_n give_v to_o the_o suppose_a picture_n of_o venus_n this_o i_o say_v will_v follow_v upon_o account_n of_o personal_a similitude_n but_o that_o they_o account_v they_o symbolical_a representation_n and_o worship_v image_n as_o the_o israelite_n worship_v the_o golden_a calf_n with_o reference_n to_o jehovah_n and_o intend_v it_o as_o the_o symbol_n of_o his_o presence_n be_v manifest_a from_o the_o image_n they_o make_v of_o god_n wicked_o represent_v the_o sacred_a and_o ever-to-be-adored_n trinity_n under_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o old_a man_n in_o sacerdotal_a vestment_n with_o a_o triple_a crown_n and_o a_o young_a man_n and_o a_o dove_n and_o this_o be_v propose_v not_o only_o to_o be_v gaze_v upon_o but_o to_o be_v worship_v so_o cajetan_n image_n of_o the_o trinity_n be_v paint_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n 3._o in_o 3._o p._n tho._n 9.25_o be_v 3._o not_o only_o that_o they_o may_v be_v show_v or_o look_v on_o as_o the_o cherubim_n of_o old_a time_n be_v in_o the_o temple_n but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v adore_v 3._o the_o papist_n agreeable_o to_o the_o pagan_n affirm_v that_o they_o use_v image_n in_o their_o religious_a worship_n as_o sensible_a help_n to_o excite_v and_o stir_v up_o their_o devotion_n and_o fix_v their_o imagination_n upon_o when_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a have_v establish_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o all_o the_o saint_n according_a to_o the_o excellency_n and_o venerability_n of_o their_o prototype_n they_o add_v this_o reason_n as_o photius_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n for_o even_o by_o these_o be_v we_o carry_v up_o into_o a_o certain_a unitive_n and_o conjunctive_a vision_n and_o thereby_o be_v vouchsafe_v that_o divine_a and_o supernatural_a conjunction_n or_o contact_n with_o the_o high_a of_o all_o desirable_n as_o if_o by_o the_o worship_v of_o image_n the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v transport_v beyond_o themselves_o and_o carry_v up_o in_o ecstatical_a rapture_n to_o a_o union_n with_o god_n himself_o which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o pope_n adrian_n who_o influence_v that_o council_n write_v to_o the_o empress_n irene_n and_o her_o son_n constantine_n in_o the_o whole_a christian_a world_n say_v he_o the_o holy_a image_n be_v honour_v or_o worship_v by_o believer_n ut_fw-la per_fw-la visibilem_fw-la vultum_fw-la ad_fw-la invisibilem_fw-la divinitatis_fw-la majestatem_fw-la mens_fw-la nostra_fw-la spirituali_fw-la affectu_fw-la rapiatur_fw-la i._n e._n that_o by_o that_o sensible_a figure_n our_o mind_n may_v be_v carry_v by_o a_o spiritual_a affection_n to_o the_o invisible_a majesty_n of_o the_o divinity_n by_o which_o testimony_n it_o be_v clear_a as_o the_o meridian_n light_n that_o the_o romanist_n worship_n image_n as_o help_n to_o quicken_v and_o draw_v up_o their_o affection_n in_o a_o more_o inflame_v and_o vigorous_a manner_n to_o the_o deity_n they_o adore_v and_o though_o the_o great_a stickler_n for_o image-worship_n use_v many_o nicety_n and_o raise_v a_o cloud_n of_o dust_n by_o their_o subtle_a distinction_n to_o blind_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o people_n that_o they_o may_v not_o see_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o their_o gross_a idolatry_n yet_o can_v they_o never_o clear_v themselves_o from_o that_o foul_a and_o detestable_a crime_n for_o though_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n express_v no_o particular_a but_o only_o with_o great_a caution_n define_v that_o due_a honour_n and_o worship_n be_v give_v to_o image_n yet_o by_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n decree_v the_o same_o that_o the_o nicene_n council_n have_v do_v before_o and_o the_o nicene_n synod_n decree_v such_o worship_n to_o be_v due_a to_o image_n as_o the_o council_n of_o franefort_n say_v be_v not_o due_a but_o condemn_v by_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n to_o this_o purpose_n there_o be_v a_o story_n in_o roger_n hoveden_n 792._o p._n 1._o annal_n an._n 792._o a_o native_a historian_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o britain_n charles_n the_o french_a king_n say_v he_o send_v a_o synodal_n into_o britain_n direct_v unto_o he_o from_o constantinople_n in_o the_o which_o book_n many_o thing_n out_o alas_o inconvenient_a and_o repugnant_a to_o right_a faith_n be_v find_v especial_o it_o be_v confirm_v almost_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o eastern_a doctor_n no_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o or_o more_o that_o image_n ought_v to_o be_v worship_v which_o thing_n the_o church_n of_o god_n do_v altogether_o detest_v and_o abhor_v against_o which_o synodal_n book_n albinus_n write_v a_o epistle_n marvellous_o confirm_v by_o authority_n of_o divine_a scripture_n and_o carry_v the_o same_o to_o the_o french_a king_n together_o with_o the_o foresay_a book_n in_o the_o name_n of_o our_o bishop_n and_o prince_n and_o not_o only_o in_o britain_n but_o in_o other_o place_n this_o abominable_a practice_n of_o image-worship_n be_v condemn_v by_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o best_a time_n and_o age_n the_o council_n of_o eliberis_n in_o spain_n forbid_v the_o use_n of_o picture_n in_o church_n for_o this_o reason_n 36._o eliber_n can._n 36._o lest_o that_o which_o be_v worship_v or_o adore_v be_v paint_v upon_o the_o wall_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n the_o four_o council_n at_o constantinople_n cite_v the_o same_o word_n of_o epiphanius_n against_o place_v image_n in_o church_n thus_o another_o synod_n at_o constantinople_n consist_v of_o 338_o bishop_n under_o constantius_n copronymus_n 753._o an._n dom._n 753._o forbid_v all_o religious_a use_n of_o image_n in_o church_n or_o out_o of_o they_o and_o so_o much_o of_o their_o decree_n as_o prohibit_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v again_o confirm_v by_o the_o council_n of_o francfort_n where_o the_o bishop_n of_o italy_n france_n and_o germany_n be_v assemble_v by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a to_o that_o purpose_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v the_o council_n of_o mentz_n and_o the_o second_o council_n of_o sens_n in_o which_o image-worship_n be_v oppose_v and_o caution_v against_o and_o a_o greek_a historian_n inform_v we_o that_o when_o frederick_n 1._o the_o emperor_n who_o lead_v his_o army_n to_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n 1180._o njcetas_n chron._n l._n 2._o an._n dom._n 1180._o enter_v into_o armenia_n the_o christian_n of_o those_o part_n do_v love_o receive_v they_o because_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v not_o admit_v among_o they_o as_o among_o other_o northern_a people_n and_o last_o for_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o first_o and_o best_a age_n of_o the_o church_n it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a what_o be_v tell_v by_o aelius_n lampridius_n in_o the_o life_n of_o alexander_n severus_n that_o when_o adrian_n the_o emperor_n have_v command_v church_n to_o be_v build_v without_o image_n it_o be_v suppose_v he_o intend_v they_o for_o the_o service_n of_o christ_n than_o which_o say_v that_o learned_a bishop_n dr._n taylor_n there_o need_v no_o great_a 2._o ductor_n dubit_n l._n 2._o c._n 2._o or_o clear_a instance_n of_o the_o