subject_n to_o give_v homage_n to_o he_o and_o another_o day_n to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o altar_n as_o he_o be_v after_o his_o election_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n 6._o there_o to_o receive_v adoration_n from_o the_o cardinal_n as_o the_o vicar_n of_o christ_n will_v any_o man_n say_v he_o can_v see_v no_o difference_n in_o these_o because_o the_o same_o posture_n may_v be_v use_v in_o both_o although_o then_o the_o outward_a act_n may_v be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o act_n may_v be_v far_o from_o equivocal_a because_o determine_v by_o the_o circumstance_n which_o do_v accompany_v they_o i_o grant_v then_o that_o the_o mere_a external_a act_n of_o adoration_n in_o bow_v or_o kneel_v may_v be_v give_v both_o on_o the_o account_n of_o honour_n and_o worship_n i._n e._n upon_o the_o account_n of_o excellency_n and_o superiority_n as_o some_o of_o the_o patriarch_n bow_v to_o angel_n as_o a_o token_n of_o honour_n of_o their_o excellency_n and_o not_o out_o of_o religious_a worship_n and_o man_n may_v bow_v and_o kneel_v to_o their_o sovereign_a prince_n on_o the_o account_n of_o civil_a worship_n and_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n in_o token_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o creature_n to_o their_o creator_n in_o their_o solemn_a act_n of_o devotion_n but_o i_o say_v in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o different_a signification_n of_o these_o act_n be_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o circumstance_n of_o they_o 3._o and_o that_o act_n of_o religious_a and_o civil_a worship_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o each_o other_o come_v the_o appointment_n of_o set_a time_n and_o place_n and_o solemn_a rite_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o religious_a worship_n from_o hence_o cicero_n give_v that_o definition_n of_o religion_n 53._o religio_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la superioris_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la naturae_fw-la quam_fw-la divinam_fw-la vocant_fw-la curam_fw-la ceremoniamque_fw-la affert_fw-la therefore_o they_o think_v the_o solemn_a rite_n and_o circumstance_n of_o religious_a worship_n be_v sufficient_a to_o discriminate_a the_o nature_n of_o that_o worship_n from_o any_o other_o and_o these_o they_o think_v so_o peculiar_a to_o the_o divine_a nature_n that_o whatever_o be_v they_o give_v this_o solemn_a worship_n to_o they_o think_v to_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o deity_n although_o inferior_a and_o subordinate_a because_o these_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v appropriate_v to_o a_o divine_a be_v aquinas_n can_v deny_v that_o there_o be_v some_o external_a act_n of_o religion_n so_o peculiar_a to_o god_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o other_o 5._o and_o on_o this_o account_n he_o make_v religion_n a_o moral_a virtue_n and_o a_o part_n of_o justice_n because_o it_o be_v its_o office_n reddere_fw-la cultum_fw-la debitum_fw-la deo_fw-la to_o give_v god_n the_o worship_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o now_o say_v he_o because_o the_o excellency_n of_o god_n be_v peculiar_a to_o himself_o be_v infinite_o above_o all_o other_o therefore_o the_o worship_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o aught_o to_o be_v peculiar_a ad_fw-la religionem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la say_v cajetan_n 3._o exhibere_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la uni_fw-la deo_fw-la secundum_fw-la unam_fw-la rationem_fw-la in_fw-la quantum_fw-la sc_n est_fw-la primum_fw-la principium_fw-la creationis_fw-la &_o gubernationis_fw-la rerum_fw-la but_o since_o this_o reason_n of_o religious_a worship_n from_o the_o creation_n and_o government_n of_o the_o world_n be_v so_o peculiar_a to_o god_n as_o to_o be_v incommunicable_a to_o any_o else_o beside_o he_o be_v there_o not_o all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o act_n of_o this_o worship_n shall_v be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o too_o and_o upon_o this_o ground_n aquinas_n do_v grant_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o sacrifice_n 2._o hoc_fw-la etiam_fw-la videmus_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la republica_n observari_fw-la quod_fw-la summum_fw-la rectorem_fw-la aliquo_fw-la signo_fw-la singulari_fw-la honorant_fw-la quod_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la alteri_fw-la deferretur_fw-la esset_fw-la crimen_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la in_o lege_fw-la divina_fw-la statuitur_fw-la poena_fw-la mortis_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la divinum_fw-la honorem_fw-la aliis_fw-la exhibent_fw-la from_o whence_o we_o infer_v not_o only_o that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v peculiar_a external_a act_n of_o religious_a worship_n appropriate_v to_o god_n but_o that_o the_o give_v the_o worship_n do_v by_o those_o act_n to_o any_o creature_n be_v a_o crime_n of_o the_o high_a nature_n the_o same_o aquinas_n 120._o dispute_v against_o the_o heathen_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a thing_n to_o those_o that_o hold_v one_o first_o principle_n to_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o any_o other_o beside_o he_o and_o we_o give_v worship_n to_o god_n not_o that_o he_o need_v it_o but_o that_o hereby_o the_o belief_n of_o one_o god_n may_v be_v confirm_v in_o we_o by_o external_a and_o sensible_a act_n which_o can_v be_v do_v say_v he_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o peculiar_a act_n of_o his_o worship_n and_o this_o we_o call_v divine_a worship_n beside_o this_o external_a worship_n be_v necessary_a to_o man_n to_o raise_v in_o their_o mind_n a_o spiritual_a reverence_n of_o god_n and_o we_o find_v that_o custom_n have_v a_o great_a influence_n on_o man_n mind_n but_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o man_n that_o the_o honour_n or_o worship_n give_v to_o the_o supreme_a governor_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o none_o else_o therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v much_o more_o so_o towards_o god_n because_o if_o a_o liberty_n be_v allow_v of_o give_v this_o worship_n to_o other_o of_o a_o high_a rank_n and_o not_o only_o to_o the_o supreme_a than_o man_n and_o angel_n may_v give_v divine_a worship_n to_o one_o another_o to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o the_o benefit_n we_o receive_v from_o god_n be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o as_o that_o of_o creation_n and_o preservation_n and_o that_o he_o be_v our_o lord_n by_o a_o proper_a title_n and_o angel_n and_o the_o best_a of_o creature_n be_v but_o his_o servant_n therefore_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o give_v the_o same_o worship_n to_o they_o that_o we_o do_v to_o god_n as_o our_o lord_n in_o his_o disputation_n about_o idolatry_n 2._o he_o show_v that_o the_o command_n exod._n 20._o do_v reach_n to_o external_a as_o well_o as_o internal_a worship_n and_o he_o argue_v against_o those_o who_o plead_v that_o all_o visible_a and_o external_a worship_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o other_o god_n and_o only_o internal_a to_o the_o supreme_a god_n as_o be_v much_o better_a upon_o this_o principle_n that_o the_o external_a belong_v only_o to_o he_o to_o who_o the_o internal_a belong_v and_o he_o dispute_v against_o those_o heretic_n who_o think_v it_o lawful_a in_o time_n of_o persecution_n to_o give_v external_a worship_n to_o idol_n as_o long_o as_o they_o preserve_v the_o true_a faith_n in_o their_o mind_n for_o say_v he_o the_o external_a worship_n be_v a_o profession_n or_o sign_n of_o the_o internal_a but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o pernicious_a thing_n for_o a_o man_n to_o speak_v contrary_a to_o his_o mind_n so_o it_o be_v to_o act_v contrary_a to_o it_o and_o therefore_o s._n augustin_n condemn_v seneca_n as_o so_o much_o the_o more_o culpable_a in_o the_o worship_n of_o idol_n because_o he_o act_v against_o the_o sense_n of_o his_o own_o mind_n in_o the_o next_o article_n 3._o he_o show_v that_o idolatry_n be_v a_o sin_n of_o the_o high_a nature_n for_o say_v he_o as_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v the_o great_a crime_n to_o give_v the_o honour_n due_a to_o the_o sovereign_n to_o any_o other_o for_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o lie_v in_o a_o man_n to_o put_v all_o thing_n into_o disorder_n and_o confusion_n so_o among_o the_o sin_n that_o be_v commit_v against_o god_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o great_a whereby_o a_o man_n give_v divine_a worship_n to_o a_o creature_n and_o say_v that_o it_o include_v blasphemy_n in_o it_o because_o it_o take_v away_o from_o god_n the_o peculiarity_n of_o his_o dominion_n cajetan_n there_o say_v that_o the_o idolater_n as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v tollit_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la svam_fw-la singularem_fw-la excellentiam_fw-la qua_fw-la solus_fw-la est_fw-la deus_fw-la rob_v god_n of_o that_o peculiar_a excellency_n whereby_o he_o be_v god_n alone_o thus_o we_o see_v the_o necessity_n of_o some_o peculiar_a external_a act_n of_o divine_a worship_n be_v assert_v by_o these_o man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o preserve_v the_o belief_n and_o worship_n of_o one_o god_n in_o the_o world_n suarez_n grant_v 4._o that_o as_o the_o excellency_n of_o god_n be_v singular_a and_o above_o all_o creature_n so_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a and_o incommunicable_a worship_n as_o be_v plain_a from_o those_o word_n of_o scripture_n thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v but_o then_o he_o make_v this_o worship_n
the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o wisdom_n give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o idol_n 15._o viz._n that_o father_n have_v lose_v their_o child_n make_v image_n of_o they_o and_o appoint_v solemnity_n to_o be_v keep_v before_o they_o as_o if_o they_o be_v god_n then_o by_o degree_n prince_n pass_v these_o thing_n into_o law_n and_o make_v man_n to_o worship_v grave_v image_n and_o thus_o either_o out_o of_o affection_n or_o flattery_n the_o worship_n of_o idol_n begin_v where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o make_v the_o representation_n of_o person_n that_o be_v real_o in_o be_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o idol_n and_o he_o distinguish_v the_o bring_n in_o of_o idol_n from_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o element_n etc._n or_o heavenly_a body_n and_o he_o think_v these_o much_o more_o excusable_a than_o those_o who_o worship_n the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n the_o folly_n of_o which_o he_o there_o elegant_o describe_v but_o he_o still_o suppose_v these_o idol_n to_o have_v the_o resemblance_n either_o of_o man_n or_o some_o live_a creature_n 14._o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n diophantus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a in_o fulgentius_n 1._o say_v that_o syrophane_v the_o egyptian_a be_v great_o afflict_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o son_n make_v a_o image_n of_o he_o and_o all_o his_o servant_n to_o please_v he_o do_v what_o they_o can_v to_o adorn_v this_o image_n and_o some_o when_o they_o have_v offend_v run_v to_o it_o as_o a_o sanctuary_n from_o hence_o say_v he_o come_v the_o worship_n of_o idol_n and_o eutychius_n give_v the_o like_a account_n of_o the_o original_a of_o idol_n 56._o that_o when_o a_o great_a man_n be_v dead_a they_o set_v up_o his_o image_n on_o his_o sepulchre_n from_o whence_o the_o world_n be_v fill_v with_o idol_n i.e._n with_o image_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n this_o he_o think_v begin_v among_o the_o chaldean_n and_o egyptian_n but_o herodotus_n say_v the_o egyptian_n be_v the_o first_o who_o make_v image_n of_o their_o god_n 2._o lucian_n syr._n that_o they_o borrow_v this_o custom_n from_o the_o assyrian_n epiphanius_n make_v the_o beginning_n of_o idolatry_n to_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o seruch_n 8._o but_o he_o say_v that_o it_o go_v no_o far_a than_o to_o picture_n in_o his_o time_n and_o come_v to_o image_n and_o statue_n in_o the_o time_n of_o nahor_n cedrenus_n say_v 45._o that_o seruch_n and_o his_o companion_n make_v statue_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o those_o who_o have_v do_v any_o famous_a action_n which_o their_o posterity_n misunderstanding_n worship_v they_o as_o go_n thus_o far_o we_o find_v that_o the_o first_o idol_n that_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n be_v the_o representation_n of_o thing_n that_o have_v real_a being_n the_o only_a people_n that_o can_v be_v suspect_v to_o be_v mean_v in_o scripture_n as_o those_o who_o have_v such_o idol_n as_o be_v representation_n of_o what_o have_v no_o real_a being_n must_v be_v the_o phoenician_n and_o egyptian_n who_o beside_o the_o worship_n of_o beast_n and_o the_o image_n of_o they_o have_v many_o extravagant_a image_n sanchoniathon_n say_v taautus_n make_v the_o image_n in_o phoenicia_n with_o wing_n saturn_n with_o four_o 39_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n with_o two_o and_o dagon_n and_o atergatis_n or_o derceto_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o image_n whereof_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v of_o humane_a shape_n and_o the_o low_a of_o a_o fish_n among_o the_o egyptian_n one_o of_o their_o image_n have_v the_o face_n of_o a_o ram_n and_o another_o of_o a_o dog_n etc._n etc._n if_o these_o be_v the_o idol_n t.g._n think_v be_v prohibit_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n i_o desire_v he_o to_o consider_v 1._o whether_o the_o image_n of_o humane_a shape_n be_v not_o prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n equal_o with_o these_o or_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o worship_v such_o image_n as_o do_v represent_v real_a being_n in_o that_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o worship_v those_o image_n that_o be_v only_a chimaera_n and_o fancy_n of_o man_n brain_n if_o not_o this_o distinction_n serve_v to_o no_o purpose_n at_o all_o to_o make_v this_o more_o plain_a i_o ask_v t._n g._n whether_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o worship_n god_n among_o the_o egyptian_n under_o the_o representation_n of_o a_o image_n with_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n and_o the_o head_n of_o a_o hawk_n which_o be_v a_o representation_n of_o something_o that_o have_v no_o real_a be_v just_a like_o it_o but_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o worship_v he_o with_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n as_o eusebius_n say_v 11._o that_o oneph_n or_o the_o creator_n of_o the_o world_n be_v worship_v under_o such_o a_o representation_n among_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o these_o sort_n of_o image_n be_v among_o the_o egyptian_n and_o according_a to_o t._n g.'s_n notion_n one_o of_o these_o be_v a_o idol_n and_o the_o other_o not_o but_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o man_n of_o common_a understanding_n to_o suppose_v that_o god_n by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n have_v forbid_v the_o one_o and_o not_o the_o other_o when_o both_o be_v intend_v to_o represent_v the_o same_o be_v but_o according_a to_o this_o sense_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o thebais_n of_o who_o plutarch_n say_v 357._o that_o they_o only_o worship_v oneph_n the_o immortal_a god_n or_o the_o creator_n under_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n be_v altogether_o as_o innocent_a as_o those_o in_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o worship_n god_n under_o a_o like_a representation_n and_o can_v it_o enter_v into_o t._n g.'s_n head_n that_o god_n shall_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o word_n of_o this_o commandment_n allow_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o worship_n of_o image_n as_o be_v receive_v among_o the_o egyptian_n but_o if_o this_o be_v condemn_v in_o they_o then_o if_o the_o second_o commandment_n be_v in_o force_n the_o like_a worship_n must_v be_v condemn_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 2._o that_o there_o be_v a_o distinction_n to_o be_v make_v between_o such_o image_n as_o have_v no_o real_a resemblance_n in_o nature_n and_o such_o image_n which_o represent_v that_o which_o have_v no_o real_a be_v for_o although_o the_o phoenician_n and_o egyptian_a image_n have_v nothing_o in_o nature_n which_o answer_v to_o their_o figure_n yet_o there_o may_v be_v something_o which_o answer_v their_o representation_n i._n e._n they_o be_v only_o symbolical_a image_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o symbol_n be_v understand_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n as_o to_o matter_n of_o worship_n between_o these_o and_o other_o image_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o sphinx_n be_v one_o of_o those_o image_n which_o t._n g._n will_v have_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o a_o idol_n in_o the_o second_o commandment_n suppose_v then_o that_o i_o allow_v he_o as_o a_o sphinx_n be_v paint_v among_o the_o egyptian_n with_o wing_n and_o the_o face_n a_o man_n and_o the_o body_n of_o a_o lion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o something_o that_o have_v no_o real_a be_v agreeable_a to_o it_o yet_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n say_v 5._o that_o their_o design_n be_v to_o represent_v hereby_o that_o god_n be_v both_o to_o be_v love_v and_o fear_v now_o this_o image_n do_v symbolical_o represent_v a_o real_a object_n of_o worship_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o idol_n even_o in_o t._n g.'s_n sense_n so_o kircher_n say_v 3._o one_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o common_a image_n of_o the_o egyptian_n be_v a_o wing_a globe_n with_o a_o serpent_n pass_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o by_o the_o globe_n say_v he_o they_o represent_v the_o divine_a nature_n by_o the_o serpent_n the_o spread_a of_o life_n and_o by_o the_o wing_n the_o spirit_n of_o the_o world_n here_o be_v a_o image_n that_o have_v no_o real_a be_v correspondent_a to_o it_o and_o yet_o it_o represent_v the_o infinite_a nature_n and_o power_n and_o goodness_n of_o god_n sometime_o say_v he_o they_o represent_v providence_n by_o a_o sceptre_n with_o a_o dog_n head_n within_o a_o semicircle_n by_o which_o and_o innumerable_a other_o way_n they_o represent_v the_o hide_a mystery_n of_o the_o divine_a be_v and_o they_o think_v this_o symbolical_a way_n most_o please_v to_o god_n and_o be_v certain_o far_a from_o that_o danger_n which_o t._n g._n think_v to_o be_v most_o considerable_a in_o image_n viz._n make_v man_n anthropomorphites_n to_o avoid_v which_o the_o egyptian_n general_o mix_v the_o figure_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n together_o not_o so_o much_o to_o show_v the_o communion_n of_o nature_n as_o porphyry_n imagine_v 4._o as_o that_o these_o be_v mere_a symbolical_a image_n and_o not_o intend_v for_o any_o proper_a likeness_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o t._n g.'s_n principle_n those_o which_o he_o call_v idol_n be_v
more_o innocent_a than_o those_o which_o he_o call_v image_n for_o the_o one_o may_v bring_v man_n to_o erroneous_a conceit_n of_o the_o deity_n but_o the_o other_o be_v symbolical_a be_v not_o apt_a to_o do_v it_o plutarch_n say_v 355._o that_o when_o they_o represent_v mercury_n by_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o dog_n they_o only_o intend_v thereby_o to_o represent_v care_n watchfulness_n and_o wisdom_n and_o that_o they_o represent_v osiris_n by_o a_o sceptre_n with_o a_o eye_n in_o it_o by_o a_o hawk_n and_o by_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o man_n now_o by_o osiris_n 371._o he_o tell_v we_o they_o mean_v the_o most_o powerful_a god_n and_o so_o do_v apuleius_n and_o tacitus_n say_v 4._o the_o same_o god_n which_o be_v call_v jove_n among_o other_o be_v call_v osiris_n by_o they_o these_o image_n and_o many_o other_o of_o very_o strange_a shape_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o very_a different_a form_n be_v suppose_v in_o the_o mensa_fw-la isiaca_n and_o the_o egyptian_a obelisk_n to_o represent_v the_o most_o true_a and_o perfect_a be_v in_o regard_n of_o his_o nature_n and_o production_n of_o thing_n 3._o as_o athanas._n kircher_n have_v endeavour_v at_o large_a to_o show_v if_o therefore_o the_o egyptian_n do_v make_v such_o symbolical_a figure_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o most_o real_a be_v and_o yet_o these_o image_n be_v idol_n proper_o so_o call_v than_o it_o follow_v that_o some_o representation_n of_o the_o true_a god_n be_v idol_n and_o condemn_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n 3._o the_o scripture_n use_v the_o word_n idol_n for_o the_o representation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o worship_n thus_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o lxx_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o teraphim_n of_o laban_n gen._n 31.19_o 34_o 35._o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o humane_a shape_n not_o only_o from_o the_o general_a opinion_n of_o jewish_a writer_n but_o because_o of_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o teraphim_n for_o david_n 1_o sam._n 19.13_o the_o image_n of_o baal_n be_v call_v idol_n 2_o chron._n 17.3_o jer._n 9_o 13._o and_o what_o the_o lxx_o render_v 2_o king_n 11.18_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o image_n of_o baal_n in_o the_o parallel_n place_n 2_o chron._n 23.17_o they_o express_v by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o idol_n of_o baal_n whether_o by_o baal_n be_v understand_v the_o assyrian_a belus_n or_o the_o phoenician_n beel_n samen_fw-la i._n e._n whether_o a_o representation_n of_o a_o man_n or_o of_o the_o sun_n we_o be_v sure_o this_o be_v a_o image_n of_o a_o real_a be_v and_o yet_o the_o lxx_o call_v it_o a_o idol_n idol_n be_v join_v with_o molten_n god_n by_o the_o lxx_o levit._fw-la 19.4_o i_o e._n what_o ever_o image_n be_v set_v up_o for_o divine_a worship_n and_o all_o the_o god_n of_o the_o heathen_a be_v say_v to_o be_v idol_n 1_o chron._n 16.26_o but_o they_o be_v not_o all_o mere_a figment_n of_o man_n brain_n be_v either_o dead_a man_n that_o be_v worship_v as_o s._n hierome_n say_v 11._o by_o the_o idol_n of_o the_o heathen_n we_o understand_v imagine_v mortuorum_fw-la the_o representation_n of_o dead_a man_n or_o the_o work_n of_o the_o creation_n especial_o the_o heavenly_a body_n which_o be_v the_o most_o early_o and_o the_o most_o common_a idolatry_n of_o the_o eastern_a part_n and_o most_o frequent_o condemn_v in_o scripture_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o although_o they_o have_v real_a being_n yet_o their_o deity_n be_v fictitious_a i_o answer_v 1._o that_o be_v not_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o a_o idol_n be_v the_o representation_n of_o mere_a imaginary_a being_n sphinx_n triton_n centaur_n but_o what_o a_o ridiculous_a answer_n be_v this_o to_o that_o question_n to_o say_v that_o although_o their_o be_v real_a yet_o their_o deity_n be_v fictitious_a for_o this_o be_v to_o grant_v that_o idol_n be_v not_o representation_n of_o imaginary_a being_n but_o of_o imaginary_a deity_n which_o i_o ready_o grant_v 2._o this_o will_v equal_o hold_v against_o all_o representation_n of_o create_a being_n that_n have_v divine_a worship_n give_v to_o they_o for_o by_o give_v they_o any_o part_n of_o divine_a worship_n they_o be_v so_o far_o make_v god_n but_o since_o they_o be_v not_o true_o so_o they_o be_v still_o but_o the_o representation_n of_o imaginary_a deity_n although_o they_o be_v of_o real_a saint_n or_o angel_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o scripture_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nothing_o and_o vanity_n and_o s._n paul_n say_v that_o a_o idol_n be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n not_o because_o it_o represent_v that_o which_o be_v not_o but_o because_o neither_o the_o image_n nor_o the_o thing_n represent_v be_v any_o real_a deity_n 4._o the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o the_o idol_n express_o mention_v in_o scripture_n be_v the_o representation_n of_o real_a being_n not_o only_o that_o the_o thing_n have_v subsistence_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o they_o but_o that_o the_o very_a image_n be_v of_o some_o creature_n exist_v in_o the_o world_n lyra_n say_v 18._o that_o moloch_n be_v in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o man_n and_o so_o benjamin_n tudelensis_n suppose_v emper_n when_o he_o say_v that_o two_o female_a image_n stand_v of_o either_o side_n of_o he_o kircher_n show_v hebraeorum_n from_o baal_n aruch_n that_o asima_n be_v worship_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o goat_n and_o from_o other_o jewish_a author_n that_o nibcas_n have_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o dog_n thartak_v of_o a_o ass_n adramelech_n of_o a_o mule_n and_o anamelech_n of_o a_o horse_n bel_n and_o nebo_n of_o serpent_n and_o beast_n succoth_n benoth_n of_o a_o hen_n and_o chicken_n astaroth_n of_o sheep_n will_n t._n g._n say_v that_o these_o be_v not_o idol_n because_o they_o be_v image_n of_o real_a being_n if_o he_o do_v he_o must_v excuse_v the_o gross_a idolatry_n condemn_v in_o scripture_n if_o he_o do_v not_o he_o must_v then_o confess_v that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o idol_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o scripture_n viz._n a_o representation_n of_o what_o have_v no_o existence_n but_o in_o the_o imagination_n as_o sphinx_n triton_n centaur_n and_o the_o like_a 3._o but_o t._n g._n will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o this_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o father_n 4._o for_o he_o quote_v origen_n and_o theodoret_n for_o this_o interpretation_n of_o the_o second_o commandment_n it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o origen_n have_v a_o great_a many_o of_o t._n g.'s_n idol_n in_o his_o head_n viz._n imagination_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v ill_o fix_v upon_o a_o interpretation_n of_o scripture_n of_o which_o he_o be_v the_o first_o author_n but_o i_o have_v prove_v at_o large_a from_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o father_n in_o charge_v the_o arian_n with_o idolatry_n and_o the_o gnostic_n in_o worship_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n with_o divine_a honour_n that_o this_o can_v not_o be_v their_o sense_n for_o if_o this_o be_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o idol_n to_o represent_v what_o have_v no_o existence_n neither_o the_o arian_n nor_o the_o gnostic_n can_v be_v accuse_v of_o worship_v a_o idol_n but_o the_o father_n do_v in_o express_a term_n call_v christ_n a_o idol_n if_o he_o have_v divine_a worship_n give_v he_o and_o yet_o be_v not_o god_n and_o it_o be_v far_a observable_a 1._o that_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a confess_v 411._o that_o the_o arrian_n be_v just_o condemn_v for_o idolatry_n not_o only_o by_o one_o or_o two_o father_n but_o by_o the_o catholic_n church_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o catholic_n church_n do_v declare_v that_o t._n g.'s_n sense_n of_o a_o idol_n be_v false_a 2._o that_o when_o the_o father_n repeat_v the_o second_o commandment_n instead_o of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o use_v other_o word_n which_o they_o will_v never_o have_v do_v if_o they_o have_v think_v there_o have_v be_v any_o peculiar_a importance_n of_o the_o word_n idol_n in_o that_o place_n different_a from_o image_n justin_n martyr_n in_o his_o dialogue_n with_o trypho_n the_o jew_n 321._o repeat_v the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thou_o shall_v not_o make_v any_o image_n or_o similitude_n clemens_n alex._n 441._o make_v the_o thing_n forbid_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o worship_v grave_v image_n and_o the_o thing_n require_v to_o be_v not_o to_o make_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d either_o a_o grave_a or_o a_o melt_a image_n and_o even_o origen_n himself_o lay_v so_o little_a weight_n on_o his_o observation_n
which_o he_o have_v not_o the_o least_o colour_n from_o scripture_n or_o reason_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a particular_n 2._o from_o the_o intolerable_a folly_n of_o desire_v aaron_n to_o make_v that_o god_n which_o before_o he_o be_v make_v deliver_v they_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n for_o so_o the_o people_n say_v this_o be_v thy_o god_n or_o these_o be_v thy_o god_n which_o bring_v thou_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n be_v it_o possible_a to_o suppose_v people_n so_o extreme_o stupid_a to_o imagine_v a_o god_n just_a then_o make_v shall_v before_o it_o be_v make_v deliver_v they_o out_o of_o egypt_n but_o t._n g._n be_v a_o notable_a man_n and_o have_v make_v a_o rare_a discovery_n viz._n that_o calvin_n say_v some_o such_o thing_n before_o i_o i_o thank_v he_o for_o the_o discovery_n for_o i_o do_v assure_v he_o it_o be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v ever_o read_v in_o calvin_n but_o t._n g._n have_v a_o great_a mind_n to_o make_v calvin_n my_o master_n in_o every_o thing_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v ashamed_a to_o learn_v from_o a_o man_n of_o so_o great_a ability_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o unhappy_o that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v one_o thing_n he_o charge_v i_o with_o follow_a calvin_n in_o but_o it_o be_v from_o he_o that_o i_o learn_v what_o calvin_n say_v and_o if_o he_o have_v please_v he_o may_v have_v quote_v a_o author_n of_o their_o own_o for_o these_o word_n neque_fw-la enim_fw-la tam_fw-la stupidi_fw-la erant_fw-la 94._o say_v ferus_fw-la quod_fw-la crederent_fw-la aaron_n posse_fw-la facere_fw-la deum_fw-la they_o be_v not_o so_o stupid_a to_o believe_v that_o aaron_n can_v make_v a_o god_n and_o therefore_o he_o say_v very_o honest_o that_o the_o israelite_n worship_v the_o true_a god_n by_o the_o calf_n but_o suppose_v calvin_n do_v say_v this_o be_v there_o ever_o the_o less_o reason_n in_o the_o say_n 155._o but_o we_o can_v imagine_v as_o sottish_a thing_n of_o they_o viz._n that_o they_o terminate_v their_o worship_n on_o the_o image_n although_o they_o deny_v any_o divinity_n to_o be_v in_o they_o be_v it_o indeed_o so_o sottish_a a_o thing_n to_o terminate_v their_o worship_n on_o the_o image_n what_o become_v then_o of_o all_o their_o divine_n who_o plead_v for_o it_o and_o say_v that_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o their_o council_n worship_v aught_o to_o be_v terminate_v on_o the_o image_n themselves_o as_o t._n g._n may_v see_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n but_o the_o scripture_n t._n g._n say_v 165._o represent_v the_o israelite_n as_o a_o people_n void_a of_o understanding_n and_o they_o be_v without_o learning_n and_o oppress_v for_o four_o hundred_o year_n together_o by_o the_o most_o idolatrous_a nation_n in_o the_o world_n and_o serve_v their_o god_n ezek._n 20.8_o i_o grant_v the_o scripture_n give_v that_o severe_a character_n of_o they_o but_o it_o be_v because_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v the_o consequence_n of_o their_o disobedience_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o next_o verse_n deut._n 32.29_o must_v we_o because_v of_o this_o imagine_v they_o to_o be_v such_o fool_n and_o sot_n that_o no_o idolater_n in_o the_o world_n can_v be_v parallel_v with_o they_o viz._n to_o make_v a_o god_n which_o do_v mighty_a thing_n for_o they_o before_o it_o be_v make_v therefore_o the_o meaning_n of_o make_v a_o god_n can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o make_v a_o symbol_n or_o representation_n of_o god_n and_o the_o question_n than_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o a_o egyptian_a idol_n or_o the_o god_n of_o israel_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o former_a i_o prove_v 3._o from_o the_o way_n of_o worship_n use_v by_o the_o israelite_n which_o be_v a_o abomination_n to_o the_o egyptian_n exod._n 8.26_o to_o this_o t._n g._n return_v not_o the_o least_o word_n of_o answer_n but_o he_o shall_v not_o escape_v so_o for_o from_o hence_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v beyond_o contradiction_n that_o it_o be_v not_o egyptian_a idolatry_n which_o the_o israelite_n fall_v into_o for_o which_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o sacrifice_n that_o be_v offer_v to_o the_o golden_a calf_n and_o they_o rise_v up_o early_o on_o the_o morrow_n 32.6_o and_o offer_v burnt-offering_n and_o bring_v peace-offering_n and_o the_o people_n sit_v down_o to_o eat_v and_o to_o drink_v and_o rise_v up_o to_o play_v 7.41_o s._n stephen_n say_v and_o they_o make_v a_o calf_n in_o those_o day_n and_o offer_v sacrifice_n unto_o the_o idol_n and_o rejoice_v in_o the_o work_v of_o their_o own_o hand_n now_o the_o burnt-offering_n and_o peace-offering_n be_v express_v exod._n 20.24_o to_o be_v their_o ox_n and_o their_o sheep_n and_o immediate_o before_o moses_n his_o go_v up_o into_o the_o mount_n it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o offer_v burnt-offering_n 24.5_o and_o sacrifice_v peace-offering_n of_o ox_n unto_o the_o lord_n where_o the_o very_a same_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v use_v and_o the_o lxx_o there_o render_v the_o word_n we_o translate_v ox_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o vulg._n lat._n vitulos_fw-la the_o same_o word_n which_o be_v use_v for_o the_o golden_a calf_n now_o i_o shall_v show_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o repugnant_a to_o the_o egyptian_a idolatry_n than_o such_o sacrifice_n as_o these_o for_o which_o we_o have_v this_o considerable_a testimony_n of_o horus_n in_o macrobius_n 7._o nunquam_fw-la fas_fw-la fuit_fw-la aegyptiis_fw-la pecudibus_fw-la aut_fw-la sanguine_fw-la sed_fw-la precibus_fw-la &_o ture_fw-fr solo_fw-la placare_fw-la deos._n it_o be_v never_o lawful_a for_o the_o egyptian_n to_o sacrifice_v with_o cattle_n and_o blood_n but_o only_o with_o prayer_n and_o incense_n 105._o and_o from_o thence_o he_o prove_v that_o the_o worship_n of_o saturn_n and_o serapis_n be_v but_o late_o receive_v among_o the_o egyptian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ptolemy_n and_o after_o they_o be_v receive_v their_o temple_n be_v without_o the_o city_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v pollute_v with_o blood_n within_o the_o city_n and_o every_o one_o know_v that_o the_o feast_n be_v upon_o their_o sacrifice_n but_o the_o satirist_n say_v of_o the_o egyptian_n lanatis_fw-la animalibus_fw-la abstinet_fw-la omnis_fw-la 11._o mensa_fw-la nefas_fw-la illic_fw-la foetum_fw-la jugulare_fw-la capellae_fw-la anaxandrides_n in_o athenaeus_n 7._o say_v that_o a_o greek_a can_v have_v no_o conversation_n with_o a_o egyptian_a because_o the_o one_o worship_v a_o ox_n which_o the_o other_o sacrifice_v and_o herodotus_n say_v 41._o that_o the_o egyptian_n will_v not_o touch_v so_o much_o as_o the_o knife_n or_o spit_v or_o pot_n which_o the_o greek_n have_v use_v so_o great_a a_o aversion_n have_v they_o from_o those_o who_o either_o eat_v or_o sacrifice_v the_o creature_n they_o worship_v herodotus_n indeed_o say_v that_o the_o theban_n abstain_v from_o sheep_n 42._o and_o offer_v goat_n the_o mendesian_o on_o the_o contrary_n abstain_v from_o goat_n and_o offer_a sheep_n but_o this_o be_v on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o particular_a religion_n of_o those_o two_o province_n for_o they_o differ_v very_o much_o among_o themselves_o as_o to_o particular_a animal_n but_o all_o the_o egyptian_n agree_v as_o herodotus_n there_o say_v in_o the_o worship_n of_o osiris_n and_o isis_n now_o diodorus_n siculus_n affirm_v that_o apis_n and_o mnevis_n the_o bull_n of_o heliopolis_n and_o memphis_n be_v sacred_a to_o osiris_n 13._o plutarch_n say_v 366._o that_o the_o ox_n be_v the_o image_n of_o osiris_n and_o strabo_n that_o apis_n be_v the_o same_o with_o osiris_n and_o mela_n 9_o that_o apis_n be_v the_o deity_n of_o all_o the_o egyptian_n strabo_n give_v the_o most_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o egyptian_a worship_n 17._o and_o what_o creature_n be_v worship_v in_o the_o several_a province_n but_o he_o say_v there_o be_v three_o universal_o worship_v whereof_o the_o first_o be_v the_o ox_n and_o it_o be_v a_o universal_a practice_n not_o to_o touch_v or_o hurt_v those_o creature_n that_o be_v sacred_a among_o they_o as_o the_o ox_n be_v quite_o through_o egypt_n from_o whence_o moses_n desire_v to_o go_v into_o the_o wilderness_n to_o sacrifice_v 8.26_o for_o we_o shall_v sacrifice_v the_o abomination_n of_o the_o egyptian_n to_o the_o lord_n our_o god_n lo_o shall_v we_o sacrifice_v the_o abomination_n of_o the_o egyptian_n before_o their_o eye_n and_o will_v they_o not_o stone_n we_o i._o e._n say_v the_o targum_fw-la of_o onkelos_n because_o the_o egyptian_n worship_n oxen._n because_o lamb_n be_v the_o idol_n of_o the_o egyptian_n say_v jonathan_n if_o we_o kill_v say_v s._n hierome_n the_o thing_n which_o they_o worship_v i_o leave_v it_o now_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o man_n whether_o the_o israelite_n use_v their_o accustom_a burnt-offering_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o feast_n upon_o they_o as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o worship_n of_o
to_o scripture_n or_o reason_n or_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o primitive_a or_o our_o own_o church_n it_o may_v have_v prevent_v my_o writing_n by_o change_v my_o opinion_n for_o i_o be_v no_o stranger_n to_o his_o write_n or_o his_o argument_n but_o he_o that_o can_v think_v the_o israelite_n believe_v the_o golden_a calf_n deliver_v their_o people_n out_o of_o egypt_n before_o it_o be_v make_v may_v easy_o believe_v that_o mr._n thorndikes_n book_n of_o 1662._o be_v a_o confutation_n of_o i_o long_o before_o it_o be_v write_v and_o upon_o equal_a reason_n at_o least_o i_o may_v hope_v that_o this_o answer_n will_v be_v a_o prophetical_a confutation_n of_o all_o that_o t._n g._n will_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o say_v upon_o this_o subject_a chap._n iu._n a_o answer_n to_o t._n g_n charge_n of_o contradiction_n paradox_n reproach_v of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a school_n dispute_v and_o to_o his_o parallel_a instance_n under_o these_o head_n i_o shall_v comprehend_v all_o that_o remain_v scatter_v in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o his_o book_n 1._o which_o seem_v to_o require_v any_o far_a answer_n the_o first_o thing_n i_o begin_v with_o be_v the_o head_n of_o contradiction_n 15._o for_o he_o make_v in_o another_o book_n the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n to_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o my_o own_o assertion_n because_o i_o have_v say_v that_o church_n do_v not_o look_v on_o our_o negative_a article_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 54._o as_o article_n of_o faith_n but_o as_o infriour_a truth_n from_o whence_o he_o say_v it_o follow_v that_o their_o church_n do_v not_o err_v against_o any_o article_n of_o faith_n but_o idolatry_n be_v a_o error_n against_o the_o most_o fundamental_a point_n of_o faith_n and_o therefore_o for_o i_o to_o charge_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n with_o idolatry_n must_v according_a to_o my_o own_o principle_n be_v the_o most_o groundless_a unreasonable_a and_o contradictory_n proceed_v in_o the_o world_n upon_o my_o word_n a_o very_a heavy_a charge_n and_o i_o must_v clear_v myself_o as_o i_o can_v from_o it_o have_v not_o a_o man_n need_v to_o have_v a_o mighty_a care_n of_o drop_v any_o kind_a word_n towards_o they_o who_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o make_v all_o possible_a advantage_n from_o they_o to_o overthrow_v the_o force_n of_o whatever_o can_v be_v say_v afterward_o against_o they_o thus_o have_v they_o deal_v with_o i_o because_o i_o allow_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v a_o true_a church_n as_o hold_v all_o the_o essential_a point_n of_o christian_a faith_n therefore_o all_o the_o argument_n i_o have_v use_v to_o prove_v they_o idolater_n be_v present_o turn_v off_o with_o this_o that_o herein_o i_o contradict_v myself_o thus_o i_o be_v serve_v by_o that_o feat_n man_n at_o controversy_n i._n w._n who_o think_v it_o worth_a his_o while_n to_o write_v two_o book_n such_o as_o they_o be_v chief_o upon_o this_o argument_n 1675._o and_o he_o make_v i_o to_o pile_v contradiction_n on_o contradiction_n as_o child_n do_v card_n one_o upon_o another_o and_o then_o he_o come_v and_o cunning_o steal_v away_o one_o of_o the_o supporter_n and_o down_o all_o the_o rest_n fall_v in_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n preface_n and_o herein_o he_o be_v much_o applaud_v for_o a_o excellent_a artist_n by_o that_o mighty_a man_n at_o ecclesiastical_a fence_v e._n w._n the_o renown_a champion_n of_o our_o lady_n of_o loreto_n and_o the_o miraculous_a translation_n of_o her_o chapel_n about_o which_o he_o have_v publish_v a_o defiance_n to_o the_o world_n and_o offer_v to_o prove_v it_o against_o all_o comer_n but_o especial_o my_o inconsiderable_a self_n to_o be_v a_o undeniable_a verity_n i_o must_v have_v great_a leisure_n and_o little_a care_n of_o myself_o if_o i_o ever_o more_o come_v near_o the_o clutch_n of_o such_o a_o giant_n who_o seem_v to_o write_v with_o a_o beetle_n instead_o of_o a_o pen_n and_o i_o desire_v he_o to_o set_v his_o heart_n at_o rest_n and_o not_o to_o trouble_v himself_o about_o the_o way_n of_o my_o attacking_z he_o for_o he_o may_v lie_v quiet_o in_o his_o shade_n and_o snore_v on_o to_o doomsday_n for_o i_o unless_o i_o see_v far_a reason_n of_o disturb_v his_o repose_n than_o at_o present_a i_o do_v but_o this_o charge_n be_v resume_v by_o so_o considerable_a a_o adversary_n as_o t._n g._n be_v in_o comparison_n with_o the_o rest_n i_o shall_v for_o his_o sake_n endeavour_v more_o full_o to_o clear_v this_o whole_a matter_n when_o i._o w._n have_v object_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n against_o i_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o answer_n i_o make_v he_o be_v this_o 1._o that_o it_o be_v a_o disingenuous_a way_n of_o proceed_v etc._n to_o oppose_v a_o judgement_n of_o charity_n concern_v their_o church_n to_o a_o judgement_n of_o reason_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o action_n without_o at_o all_o examine_v the_o force_n of_o those_o reason_n which_o be_v produce_v for_o it_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o i._o w._n but_o ingenuity_n be_v a_o thing_n my_o adversary_n be_v very_o little_o acquaint_v with_o and_o therefore_o i_o say_v 2._o there_o be_v no_o contradiction_n in_o it_o for_o the_o notion_n of_o idolatry_n as_o apply_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v consistent_a with_o its_o own_n the_o general_a principle_n of_o faith_n as_o to_o the_o true_a god_n and_o jesus_n christ_n and_o give_v sovereign_a worship_n to_o they_o when_o therefore_o we_o say_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v not_o err_v in_o any_o fundamental_a point_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n i_o there_o at_o large_a show_n the_o meaning_n to_o have_v be_v only_o this_o that_o in_o all_o those_o which_o be_v look_v on_o by_o we_o as_o necessary_a article_n of_o faith_n we_o have_v the_o testimony_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o whole_a christian_a world_n of_o all_o age_n and_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v such_o by_o rome_n itself_o but_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n look_v upon_o all_o her_o doctrine_n which_o we_o reject_v as_o necessary_a article_n of_o faith_n so_o that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o argument_n come_v only_o to_o this_o that_o no_o church_n which_o do_v own_o the_o ancient_a creed_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n and_o i_o far_o add_v that_o when_o we_o inquire_v into_o the_o essential_o of_o a_o church_n we_o think_v it_o not_o necessary_a to_o go_v any_o far_a than_o the_o doctrinal_a point_n of_o faith_n because_o baptism_n admit_v man_n into_o the_o church_n upon_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o true_a faith_n in_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n but_o if_o beyond_o the_o essential_o we_o inquire_v into_o the_o moral_a integrity_n and_o soundness_n of_o a_o church_n than_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o go_v far_o than_o the_o bare_a profession_n of_o the_o essential_a point_n of_o faith_n and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o same_o church_n may_v debauch_v those_o very_a principle_n of_o faith_n by_o damnable_a error_n and_o corrupt_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o virtue_n of_o they_o than_o the_o same_o church_n which_o do_v hold_v the_o fundamental_o of_o faith_n may_v notwithstanding_o lead_v man_n to_o idolatry_n without_o the_o shadow_n of_o a_o contradiction_n but_o t._n g._n say_v that_o idolatry_n be_v a_o error_n against_o the_o most_o fundamental_a point_n of_o faith_n what_o do_v t._n g._n mean_v by_o this_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v that_o idolatry_n do_v imply_v polytheism_n or_o the_o belief_n of_o more_o god_n than_o one_o to_o who_o sovereign_a worship_n be_v due_a then_o i_o deny_v this_o to_o be_v the_o proper_a definition_n of_o idolatry_n for_o although_o where_o ever_o this_o be_v it_o have_v in_o it_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o we_o call_v idolatry_n yet_o himself_n confess_v the_o true_a notion_n of_o it_o to_o be_v the_o giving_z the_o worship_n due_a to_o god_n to_o a_o creature_n so_o that_o if_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n be_v the_o give_v the_o worship_n due_a only_o to_o god_n to_o a_o creature_n then_o although_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n may_v hold_v all_o the_o essential_o of_o faith_n and_o be_v a_o true_a church_n it_o may_v be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n without_o contradiction_n but_o it_o may_v be_v i._o w._n in_o his_o reply_n say_v something_o more_o to_o purpose_n at_o least_o it_o will_v be_v think_v so_o if_o i_o do_v not_o answer_v he_o i_o must_v therefore_o consider_v what_o he_o say_v that_o be_v material_a if_o any_o thing_n be_v find_v so_o however_o he_o say_v 95._o that_o if_o the_o roman_a church_n do_v hold_v any_o kind_n of_o idolatry_n to_o be_v lawful_a she_o must_v needs_o hold_v a_o error_n destructive_a to_o a_o fundamental_a and_o essential_a point_n of_o faith_n and_o by_o consequence_n a_o fundamental_a error_n
it_o if_o the_o protestant_a charity_n shall_v seem_v to_o fall_v short_a in_o outward_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n it_o will_v be_v find_v much_o more_o to_o exceed_v it_o in_o number_n and_o usefulness_n which_o make_v i_o so_o much_o the_o more_o wonder_n to_o hear_v and_o see_v the_o ill_a effect_n of_o the_o reformation_n in_o this_o kind_n so_o much_o insist_v on_o of_o late_a to_o disprove_v the_o goodness_n of_o it_o if_o some_o great_a man_n have_v sinister_a end_n in_o it_o when_o be_v there_o any_o great_a action_n of_o that_o nature_n wherein_o some_o person_n do_v not_o aim_v at_o their_o own_o advantage_n by_o it_o who_o can_v excuse_v all_o the_o courtier_n in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n or_o all_o the_o action_n of_o that_o great_a emperor_n himself_o must_v christianity_n therefore_o be_v think_v the_o worse_o because_o it_o do_v prevail_v in_o his_o time_n and_o very_o much_o by_o his_o mean_n and_o there_o be_v some_o partial_a historian_n in_o those_o day_n that_o impute_v the_o demolish_n of_o heathen_a temple_n and_o the_o suppress_n of_o idolatry_n to_o the_o rapine_n and_o sacrilege_n of_o the_o time_n for_o even_o those_o heathen_a temple_n be_v rich_o endow_v and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o when_o such_o a_o tree_n be_v shake_v there_o will_v be_v no_o scramble_n for_o the_o fruit_n of_o it_o however_o we_o be_v not_o concern_v to_o justify_v the_o action_n or_o design_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n how_o great_a soever_o but_o that_o which_o we_o plead_v for_o be_v that_o the_o reformation_n itself_o be_v a_o just_a pious_a prudent_a and_o necessary_a thing_n and_o have_v both_o sufficient_a authority_n to_o warrant_v it_o and_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o justify_v it_o we_o read_v in_o the_o spanish_a history_n a_o remarkable_a precedent_n which_o vindicate_v the_o proceed_n of_o our_o reformation_n in_o england_n the_o gotthick_n nation_n have_v be_v infect_v with_o arianism_n two_o hundred_o and_o thirteen_o year_n when_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o leander_n bishop_n of_o sevil_n the_o king_n reccaredus_n be_v due_o inform_v in_o the_o orthodox_n faith_n call_v a_o council_n at_o toledo_n 〈…〉_z wherein_o arianism_n be_v renounce_v by_o the_o declaration_n and_o subscription_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v present_a in_o council_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o bishop_n who_o join_v with_o he_o and_o the_o great_a man_n which_o be_v do_v the_o council_n proceed_v to_o make_v new_a canon_n and_o constitution_n which_o the_o king_n confirm_v by_o his_o edict_n declare_v that_o if_o any_o bishop_n priest_n or_o deacon_n refuse_v to_o observe_v they_o he_o be_v sentence_v by_o the_o council_n to_o excommunication_n if_o any_o of_o the_o high_a rank_n of_o the_o laity_n the_o penalty_n be_v pay_v half_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o exchequer_n if_o other_o confiscation_n and_o banishment_n all_o which_o be_v extant_a in_o the_o record_n of_o that_o council_n the_o arian_n bishop_n as_o mariana_n relate_v 15._o such_o as_o athalocus_n and_o sunna_n with_o other_o have_v the_o old_a queen_n goswinda_n and_o several_a of_o the_o nobility_n to_o join_v with_o they_o make_v all_o the_o disturbance_n they_o can_v to_o hinder_v the_o reformation_n but_o god_n not_o only_o carry_v it_o through_o but_o wonderful_o preserve_v the_o life_n of_o the_o king_n notwithstanding_o many_o conspiracy_n against_o he_o after_o who_o death_n the_o arian_n faction_n be_v very_o busy_a and_o make_v several_a attempt_n by_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n to_o be_v restore_v again_o and_o they_o once_o think_v themselves_o sure_a when_o they_o have_v get_v wittericus_fw-la of_o their_o party_n to_o the_o throne_n but_o his_o short_a reign_n put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o their_o hope_n i_o find_v some_o of_o the_o latter_a spanish_a historian_n much_o trouble_v to_o see_v all_o do_v in_o this_o reformation_n by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o bishop_n and_o great_a man_n without_o the_o least_o mention_n of_o the_o pope_n authority_n lucas_n tudensis_n therefore_o say_v that_o leander_n be_v the_o pope_n legate_n but_o mariana_n confess_v 1._o that_o the_o very_a act_n of_o the_o council_n contradict_v it_o he_o will_v have_v it_o believe_v that_o they_o send_v legate_n to_o the_o pope_n afterward_o to_o have_v the_o council_n confirm_v by_o he_o but_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o nothing_o appear_v in_o history_n to_o that_o purpose_n and_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n have_v be_v it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v omit_v in_o the_o epistle_n of_o gregory_n 41._o who_o write_v to_o leander_n a_o letter_n of_o congratulation_n for_o the_o conversion_n of_o reccaredus_n but_o then_o national_a church_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v power_n enough_o to_o reform_v themselves_o provide_v that_o they_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o four_o general_a council_n and_o this_o be_v that_o we_o maintain_v in_o behalf_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n that_o it_o receive_v all_o the_o creed_n which_o be_v then_o receive_v and_o have_v reform_v those_o abuse_n only_o which_o have_v creep_v into_o the_o church_n since_o that_o time_n this_o my_o lord_n be_v the_o cause_n which_o by_o command_n of_o my_o superior_n i_o be_v first_o engage_v to_o defend_v among_o who_o your_o lordship_n predecessor_n who_o constant_a friendship_n and_o kindness_n i_o must_v never_o forget_v be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a since_o that_o time_n i_o have_v have_v but_o little_a respite_n from_o these_o not_o so_o please_v to_o i_o as_o sometime_o necessary_a polemical_a exercise_n and_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o rage_n and_o malice_n of_o the_o adversary_n of_o our_o church_n against_o i_o i_o sit_v down_o with_o that_o contentment_n that_o i_o have_v defend_v a_o righteous_a cause_n and_o with_o a_o honest_a mind_n and_o therefore_o i_o little_o regard_v their_o bitter_a censure_n and_o reproach_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o such_o a_o crowd_n of_o adversary_n it_o be_v no_o unpleasant_a entertainment_n to_o i_o to_o see_v the_o various_a method_n with_o which_o they_o have_v attack_v i_o some_o with_o piteous_a moan_n and_o outcry_n other_o grin_v and_o only_o show_v their_o tooth_n other_o rant_a and_o hector_v other_o scold_v and_o revile_v but_o i_o must_v needs_o say_v the_o adversary_n i_o now_o answer_v have_v show_v more_o art_n and_o cunning_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n put_v together_o and_o have_v say_v as_o much_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o cause_n as_o wit_n and_o subtilty_n can_v invent_v i_o wish_v i_o can_v speak_v as_o free_o of_o his_o fair_a deal_n and_o ingenuity_n he_o therefore_o i_o reserve_v to_o be_v answer_v by_o himself_o after_o i_o have_v shake_v off_o the_o lesser_a and_o more_o bark_a creature_n what_o i_o have_v now_o do_v i_o humble_o present_a to_o your_o lordship_n hand_n and_o i_o be_o very_o glad_a of_o this_o opportunity_n to_o declare_v what_o satisfaction_n the_o member_n of_o your_o own_o church_n and_o the_o clergy_n of_o this_o great_a city_n have_v to_o see_v a_o person_n of_o so_o noble_a birth_n so_o much_o temper_v and_o prudence_n so_o firm_a a_o assertor_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n and_o church_n of_o england_n appoint_v by_o his_o majesty_n to_o have_v the_o conduct_n and_o government_n of_o they_o that_o god_n almighty_a will_v assist_v and_o direct_v your_o lordship_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o peace_n and_o welfare_n of_o this_o church_n be_v the_o hearty_a prayer_n of_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n most_o dutiful_a and_o obedient_a servant_n ed._n stillingfleet_n may_v 30._o 1676._o to_o the_o reader_n it_o have_v be_v long_o expect_v that_o i_o shall_v have_v publish_v a_o answer_n to_o t._n g._n as_o the_o most_o considerable_a adversary_n that_o appear_v against_o i_o but_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o before_o his_o book_n come_v out_o i_o have_v undertake_v the_o answer_n of_o several_a other_o which_o when_o i_o have_v set_v forth_o a_o person_n of_o honour_n who_o have_v be_v please_v to_o defend_v i_o against_o one_o of_o my_o keen_a antagonist_n be_v assault_v by_o he_o who_o i_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n oblige_v in_o gratitude_n to_o ease_v of_o any_o far_a trouble_n since_o that_o time_n i_o have_v apply_v myself_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o t._n g.'s_n book_n as_o much_o as_o health_n and_o other_o business_n will_v permit_v and_o find_v such_o confusion_n in_o most_o discourse_n about_o idolatry_n and_o that_o till_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v full_o and_o clear_o state_v man_n will_v still_o dispute_v in_o the_o dark_a about_o these_o matter_n in_o my_o last_o summer_n retirement_n i_o set_v myself_o to_o the_o strict_a examination_n of_o it_o by_o search_v with_o my_o utmost_a diligence_n into_o the_o idolatry_n practise_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o best_a author_n i_o can_v
meet_v with_o either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a when_o i_o have_v do_v this_o i_o compare_v those_o observation_n i_o have_v make_v with_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o several_a age_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n who_o have_v manage_v the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n against_o heathen_n or_o heretic_n from_o hence_o i_o frame_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o follow_a book_n wherein_o i_o have_v not_o only_o examine_v and_o confute_v t._n g.'s_n false_a notion_n of_o it_o but_o endeavour_v to_o settle_v the_o true_a one_o in_o its_o place_n which_o be_v dispatch_v and_o the_o main_a principle_n of_o his_o whole_a book_n thereby_o weaken_v and_o overthrow_v i_o betake_v myself_o to_o the_o particular_a defence_n of_o the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n practise_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n and_o i_o apprehend_v nothing_o of_o great_a consequence_n in_o this_o debate_n than_o to_o give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n between_o we_o which_o t._n g_o endeavour_v with_o all_o his_o art_n to_o blind_v and_o confound_v after_o which_o i_o have_v give_v a_o distinct_a answer_n to_o every_o thing_n material_a or_o plausible_a in_o that_o part_n of_o his_o book_n which_o swell_v this_o discourse_n beyond_o my_o expectation_n i_o must_v respite_v the_o other_o part_n to_o a_o far_a opportunity_n which_o i_o may_v the_o better_a do_v because_o the_o remainder_n of_o t._n g_n book_n have_v already_o receive_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n from_o a_o learned_a and_o worthy_a person_n the_o content_n part_n i._n a_o general_n discourse_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o idolatry_n chap._n i._n t._n g's_o notion_n of_o idolatry_n examine_v and_o confute_v page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a worship_n p._n 184_o part_n ii_o be_v a_o particular_a defence_n of_o the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n against_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n chap._n i._n the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n about_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n between_o christian_n and_o heathen_n p._n 349_o chap._n ii_o the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n about_o image_n in_o the_o christian_a church_n p._n 487_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o second_o commandment_n p._n 670_o chap._n iu_o a_o answer_n to_o t._n g_o be_v charge_n of_o contradiction_n paradox_n reproach_v of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a school_n dispute_v and_o to_o his_o parallel_a instance_n p._n 784_o part_n i._o a_o general_n discourse_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o idolatry_n chap._n i._o t._n g's_o notion_n of_o idolatry_n examine_v and_o confute_v to_o make_v good_a the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n against_o the_o roman_a church_n 1._o which_o be_v my_o present_a business_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n necessary_a to_o be_v do_v 1._o to_o lay_v down_o the_o right_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n 2._o to_o examine_v what_o t._n g._n and_o other_o have_v say_v to_o justify_v themselves_o from_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o charge_n i_o begin_v with_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o idolatry_n not_o only_o because_o my_o adversary_n call_v i_o to_o it_o in_o these_o word_n 203._o here_o the_o axe_n be_v lay_v to_o the_o root_n and_o if_o ever_o the_o dr._n will_v speak_v home_o to_o the_o purpose_n it_o must_v be_v upon_o this_o point_n he_o must_v speak_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n etc._n etc._n but_o because_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n in_o debate_n depend_v upon_o it_o and_o whosoever_o read_v through_o t._n g_o be_v answer_v to_o i_o will_v find_v the_o only_a strength_n of_o it_o to_o lie_v in_o a_o very_a different_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n which_o he_o set_v up_o which_o if_o it_o prove_v true_a the_o main_a of_o my_o charge_n must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n although_o however_o by_o his_o way_n of_o writing_n he_o can_v hardly_o answer_v the_o character_n i_o have_v give_v he_o either_o of_o a_o learned_a or_o ingenuous_a adversary_n the_o notion_n of_o idolatry_n which_o t._n g._n lay_v down_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o these_o assertion_n of_o he_o 64._o that_o god_n be_v the_o only_a supreme_a and_o superexcellent_a be_v above_o all_o and_o over_o all_o to_o he_o therefore_o sovereign_a honour_n be_v only_o to_o be_v give_v and_o to_o none_o beside_o he_o that_o as_o no_o command_n of_o god_n can_v make_v that_o to_o be_v not_o idolatry_n which_o be_v so_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o no_o prohibition_n if_o there_o be_v any_o can_v make_v that_o to_o be_v idolatry_n which_o have_v not_o in_o it_o the_o true_a and_o real_a nature_n of_o idolatry_n that_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n forbid_v in_o the_o commandment_n 203._o be_v the_o worship_a image_n instead_o of_o god_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o people_n in_o their_o duty_n of_o give_v sovereign_a worship_n to_o god_n alone_o 39_o by_o restrain_v they_o from_o idolatry_n 63._o that_o this_o law_n be_v make_v particular_o to_o forbid_v sovereign_a worship_n to_o be_v give_v as_o he_o say_v it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n give_v by_o the_o heathen_a to_o grave_v image_n 67._o i._n e._n representation_n of_o imaginary_a being_n or_o to_o any_o similitude_n i._n e._n the_o likeness_n of_o any_o thing_n which_o although_o it_o have_v a_o real_a be_v yet_o be_v not_o god_n that_o 99_o the_o image-worship_n condemn_v by_o s._n paul_n be_v the_o worship_a image_n for_o god_n or_o as_o the_o image_n of_o false_a god_n that_o 103._o evil_a spirit_n or_o false_a god_n do_v reside_v in_o their_o image_n by_o magical_a incantation_n 349._o that_o the_o supreme_a god_n of_o the_o heathen_n be_v not_o the_o true_a god_n but_o a_o devil_n and_o that_o the_o poet_n who_o call_v he_o the_o father_n of_o god_n and_o man_n 348._o be_v those_o who_o horace_n confess_v that_o they_o take_v the_o privilege_n to_o dare_v to_o feign_v and_o say_v thing_n from_o these_o assertion_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o form_v t._n g_o be_v notion_n of_o idolatry_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v the_o giving_z the_o sovereign_a worship_n of_o god_n to_o a_o creature_n and_o among_o the_o heathen_n to_o the_o devil_n and_o now_o who_o dare_v charge_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n with_o idolatry_n i_o do_v not_o wonder_v that_o he_o call_v this_o so_o foul_a so_o extravagant_a so_o unjust_a a_o charge_n and_o parallel_v i_o with_o no_o mean_a a_o person_n than_o julian_n the_o apostate_n say_v that_o sure_o a_o more_o injurious_a calumny_n scarce_o ever_o drop_v from_o the_o pen_n of_o the_o great_a enemy_n of_o christianity_n 350._o except_o that_o of_o julian_n the_o apostate_n but_o i_o be_o so_o use_v to_o their_o hard_a word_n that_o i_o can_v easy_o pass_v they_o over_o and_o immediate_o apply_v myself_o to_o the_o debate_n of_o these_o thing_n which_o will_v tend_v very_o much_o to_o the_o clear_v the_o true_a notion_n of_o idolatry_n 1._o whether_o idolatry_n be_v not_o consistent_a with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o one_o supreme_a be_v 2._o wherein_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o divine_a worship_n lie_v which_o be_v give_v to_o a_o creature_n make_v it_o idolatry_n for_o if_o those_o who_o acknowledge_v one_o supreme_a be_v the_o creator_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o world_n be_v notwithstanding_o this_o guilty_a of_o idolatry_n and_o that_o idolatry_n be_v as_o t._n g._n confess_v 27._o the_o give_v the_o worship_n due_a to_o god_n to_o a_o creature_n then_o if_o we_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v give_v any_o part_n of_o that_o worship_n which_o be_v due_a to_o god_n to_o any_o thing_n beside_o he_o we_o may_v still_o just_o charge_v they_o with_o idolatry_n although_o they_o believe_v one_o supreme_a god_n and_o reserve_v some_o worship_n which_o he_o call_v sovereign_a to_o he_o 1._o whether_o idolatry_n be_v not_o consistent_a with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o one_o supreme_a be_v creator_n 2._o and_o governor_n of_o the_o world_n who_o i_o suppose_v t._n g._n will_v not_o deny_v to_o be_v the_o true_a god_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o he_o that_o the_o whole_a heathen_a world_n be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n without_o except_v the_o more_o intelligent_a and_o wise_a person_n among_o they_o therefore_o our_o only_a business_n as_o to_o they_o be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o they_o do_v acknowledge_v this_o supreme_a be_v and_o it_o be_v without_o dispute_n that_o all_o christian_n do_v acknowledge_v the_o true_a god_n if_o i_o can_v then_o prove_v that_o such_o have_v notwithstanding_o be_v charge_v with_o idolatry_n by_o those_o who_o judgement_n t._n g._n dare_v not_o refuse_v i_o hope_v these_o two_o thing_n be_v make_v out_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o those_o may_v be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n