other mysteries they were darkely and emblematically as I may so speake hinted only in the Old Testament God thus ordering it that his people might more eagerly desire and pray for their fuller revelation But now to us under the New Testament these things are more cleerly layd open unto us so that we ought not to exspect farther revelation of them then what we have in the Word already for saith the Apostle All the Promises of God in him are yea and Amen that is they are throughly accomplish't and perfected in him and therefore they must needs be more plain and evident unto us now then they were unto the Fathers of old time the Old Testament then and the matter therein contained was not altogether so perspicuous unto the faithfull before Christ as now it is unto us after him and this shall suffice for the second point and so much also shall suffice briefely for the perspicuity of the Scriptures We shall now speake something concerning the perfection of them as the Scriptures are perspicuous so also they are most perfect that is necessary to be known of us in relation both to our faith manners this is plain from the end of them here set down Namely that the man of God may be made perfect throughly furnished unto all good workes from whence we may conclude that if the Minister of the Gospell for he is the man of God may out of the Scriptures furnish himselfe with all things necessary both for his Salvation his office it will follow that they are fully perfect for instruction of all men both in Doctrine and manners this will farther appeare from Ps 19. 7. The Law of the Lord is perfect converting the soule and Ps 119. 96. I have seen an end of all perfections but thy commandement is exceeding large and so Luk. 16. 29. Abraham there sheweth in the Parable that Moses and the Prophets were sufficient to keepe men from damnation even the doctrine of the Old Testament contains in it al things necessary for mans Salvation whoever denyeth the truth of this point must of necessity say that either first God did not perfectly and fully reveale his will to the Prophets and Apostles which how absurd it is the Scriptures teach for Joh. 14. 26. 't is said there that the spirit should teach them all things and Joh. 16. 13. the Spirit will guid you into all truth or else they must say that the Prophets and Apostles did not set down the full and perfect substance of what was revealed unto them which Saint Paul doth plainely seeem to contradict for Act. 20. 27. I have not shunned saith he to declare unto you all the counsell of God Or else thirdlly he must be forced to say that it seemed not good to the Spirit fully and perfectly to reveale the will of God and so in writing to transmit it unto posterity for thus the Papists say in defence of their traditions that God indeed did reveale to the Prophets and Apostles his whole will concerning our Salvation but yet all was not written but some things were communicated say they viva voce unto the rest of the Church which never were written but still were derived unto posterity but doth not this opinion plainely accuse the Scriptures of falsehood when it is said Deut. 12. 32. Whatsoever things I command you observe to do it thou shalt not adde thereto nor diminish from it Gal. 1. 9. If any man Preach any other Gospell unto you then that ye have received let him be accursed which two texts being compared with that of Exod. 24. 4. Where 't is said that Moses wrote all the words of the Lord and with that forementioned place of the Acts where Paul saith that he did not shun to declare unto them all the Counsell of God these places I say compared with one another do evidently shew that all things necessary for Salvation were written that this written word alone ought to be the rule canon of our faith for since by them we attaine unto Eternall Life we are made wise unto Salvation since by them also the man of God is made perfect and throughly furnished Without controversy they containe in them all things necessary to be knowne of us either in regard of our faith or manners all things necessary I say for otherwise many other things there might be traditionally conveyed unto the Church such as are the perpetuall virginity of Mary the names of Jannes and Jambres mentioned by Paul only the Prophesy of Enoch Jude 14. part of the Gencology of Christ Luk. 3 Sathan striving for Moses body Jude 9. and other the like which things they may be known or not known without any prejudice to our Salvation and being not doctrinall may very well be received from hand to hand and not mentioned in Scriptures but how say the Papists can ye know Canonicall bookes from Apocriphall but by the tradition of the Church We answer that these may be distinguish't from the other by that innate light majesty and truth that is in them besides though a new convert and beginner may first learne it from the Church yet afterwards they know it upon grounds of Scripture thus an ignorant man may be told of the Kings coine but it is not that telling but the Kings stampe that maketh it currant good coyn Again for the maintenance of their unwritten traditions they urge that of the 2 Thes 2. 15. Therefore brethren stand fast hold the traditions which ye have been taught whether by word or our Epistle then which saith Whitaker Nullum probabiliorem Papistae locum inveniunt but unto this we answer that they were the same things which Paul spoke and writ so that the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth not signify a diverse doctrine from that which afterwards was written and so also the particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is not alwayes a note of disjunction but sometimes also of conjunction as may appeare by comparing the Originall of the 1 Cor. 13. 8. Besides this it appeares that the Canon of the new Testament was not yet established Yea saith the same Whitaker I affirme that there was no book unlesse it were the Gospell of Mathew before the Epistles to the Thessalonians wherefore though the Apostle did bid the Thessalonians hold fast that Doctrine or those Traditions which he delivered unto them yet they might very well be indeed according to substance were set down in writing afterwards by the same Apostle wherefore briefely to conclude this point since these Scriptures are purposely written for our learning and to be are witnesse of Christ and to teach the way unto everlasting life doubtlesse God will have no Doctrine received of us but what is in them or consonant unto them Traditions then however in point of ceremony discipline or other lesse substantiall matters may be received yet in points of faith and Doctrine they are in no wise to be obtruded upon
Invisible things of him and since this Light of ours is further improved by the eye of an understanding soule let us not be as the Psalmist cals them Brutish Men that know not these things As Beasts which commonly looke upon this Palace and no more But when we view these Bodies of ours let us endeavour to see a God who covered us in our Mothers Wombe and who still upholdeth these Mud-wals of clay by the Power of his Word When we walke into the feilds there looke upon the corne the Herbs and the grasse let us meditate upon the God of them who once said let the earth bring forth grasse the herb yeilding flowers and the fruit-tree yeilding fruit after his kind and it did so and if so be God so cloth the grasse of the field which to day is and to morrow is cast into the Oven shall he not much more cloth thee O thou of little faith When thou lookest up into Heaven meditate upon that God which ordained the Moone and the Stars and which maketh Arcturus Orion and Pleiades and the Chambers of the south When thou viewest any Creature consider whose stamp it beares and whose goodnesse is shewne in the creating and preserving of it Lastly let us be exhorted to study God in his Workes of Providence and in his dispensations towards mankind there are many even amongst us Christians who seeing things happen contrary to their desires and Carnall Reasons as the godly to be dejected and the wicked advanced doe implicitely deny a God or at least wise with the Epicureans think that he sits idle in Heaven without any respect or care had unto Mankind whereas did we not measure the depth of Gods dispensations by our owne shallow carnall reasons we might even in the greatest huddle and confusion of things see a God steering and directing them all to his owne Glory Though then thou seest sinne every where even in the streets to abound know also that there is no evill in the City which the Lord hath not done though thou seest the ungodly to flourish like a green bay-tree and with David art puzled with the consideration of it yet with him enter into the House of God and then thou shalt see the end of these men namely how that there is a God who setteth them in slippery places and who onely feedeth them for the day of slaughter Well then to conclude both in the Workes of Creation and Providence we ought to study God because that in them we may read those invisible things of him both of them are as spectacles unto us to help us in the viewing of this Invisible God and though indeed in Christ and in the Scriptures we may read him farre more distinctly yet so long as wee are in these our Earthly Tabernacles we ought to make use of these Representations of his Majesty till the time come when wee shall not stand in need of these spectacles when this glaste of the Creatures shall vanish in the Generall Conflagration of all things and then we shall behold him face to face and enjoy a most glorious prospect of his Divinity in those new heavens for evermore FINIS 2 Tim. 3. 16 17. All Scripture is given by inspiration and is profitable for Doctrine for Reproofe c. WEE are now to speak concerning the perspicuity and perfection of the Scriptures concerning which I shall be more briefe as I told you because they have been so largely handled already by sundry learned men unto the substance of whose writings there can indeed scarce any thing be added unlesse perhaps farther illustration and a more practicall handling of them the perspicuity of Scripture may be inferred from the use of it here set down by the Apostle it is profitable for Doctrine saith he for Reproof for Correction for Instruction in Righteousnesse foure uses are here made mention of in Scripture the two Doctrinall teaching of truth and confuting errours the two last practicall correction of vice and instruction of holy conversation from whence I inferre that since it doth thus teach thus convince it must needs carry with it such a light and evidence of truth that neither its doctrines may be rejected through their obscurity nor its arguments gainsayd for want of cleerenesse and since also it is usefull for Reformation of manners and direction in a holy life needs must its rules for this purpose be so plainely set down that every one concerned in such dutys may be thereby instructed unto holinesse the Scriptures may be termed the first Elements of a Christian a Child may go to schoole unto them for saith the Apostle they are profitable 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is as the word implyes for instruction of Children even a Child may spell out the Scriptures what is his duty toward God and his neighbour and doubtlesse if a Child may read and understand the Scriptures they are not so obscure so intricate so perplexed as some conceive them to be in prosecution therefore of this point we shall shew 1. that the Scriptures are in themselves perspicuous 2. That they are more or lesse perspicuous according to the diversity of the subjects entertaining them 3. We shall endeavour to shew some reasons why God hath left some places more obscure then other 1. First that the Scriptures are in themselves perspicuous may appeare by severall texts Ps 19. 8. The commandement of the Lord is pure enlightning the eyes they are pure and therefore not alloy'd with any muddinesse or clouded with any obscurity they enlighten the eyes and therefore carry along with them such evident plainenesse that he who is not quite blinded may easily perceive the truth of them So Ps 119. 105. Thy Word is a Lamp unto my feet and a light unto my paths it doth that is by its perspicuity and clearenesse both as a lampe and light direct me in all my goings hence also it is that the Scripture is called 2 Pet. 1. 19. A light that shineth in darke places denoting out unto us that the word not only in its own nature is light but also that wheresoever it commeth it dispelleth darknes as the Sun at his appearance forceth away the night the foggs and mists as Solomon a man of the profoundest wisedome that ever lived said that he writ to give subtility to the simple to the young men knowledge and discretion Prov. 1. 4. there is in the Word of God such innate plainenesse and perspicuity that the simplest man may thereby be enlightned the youngest instructed but here when we say the Scriptures are plain and easy to be understood we must distinguish concerning fundamentalls and things necessary to be known and circumstantialls or such things whose exact knowledge is not so necessary unto salvation those matters which belong unto a saving knowledge of God are plainely set down such as are the commandements and the doctrine contained in the Apostles Creed but now there are some things which either relating
to some particular customes of the Jew or Gentile or unto the proper times wherein the Scriptures were severally writ may be accounted hard and not so plaine as that we may primâ fronte and without much learning and study understand them however a Christian may be saved without any knowledge of these though not so without the other A man may go to Heaven without knowing whether the Temple were built in such or such a yeare or whether Job lived before Moses or after him yet he cannot without understanding that he must believe in Christ that he is a sinner and the like thus in other sciences there are some indemonstrable principles so plainely set downe that no man can question them and other things againe not altogether so essentiall somewhat doubtfull and darkly proposed but what may some one say the Mystery of the Trinity and the distinction of the persons in the Godhead are fundamentall doctrines yet they are above the reach of reason and therefore obscure well 't is true these and the like Doctrines are obscure but then as in Geometry the same thing may be darke in its selfe and yet by a demonstration plainely set down unto us in holy writ and we ought to be contented with what that teacheth us concerning them and however the very fundamentalls of our Religion are by some disputed of and called into question yet this proceedeth rather from the perversenesse and crookednesse of mens minds then that they are obscure and doubtfully set down in Scripture neither are they lesse to be received of us because they question them then the doctrine of motion is in Phylosophy though a certaine foolish Phylosopher did once deny it So the Apostle saith 2 Pet. 3. 16. that there are somethings in Pauls Epistles hard to be understood which they that are unlearned and unstastable wrest as they doe also the other Scriptures unto their own destruction marke here there are somethings 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not all things but some things only namely such as he speakes of here in this Chapter the last judgement and destruction of the world the time and manner of which things are not essentiall unto our salvation these things so hard are wrested by unlearned unstable men that is men ignorant of the Scriptures and not ballanced with the Spirit unholy ungodly men and therefore as the same sunne may be light and yet not appeare so to be unto a blind man the same booke plaine and legible and yet unto dull and dimme eyes darke and obscure in like manner the same things which are plaine and perspicuous unto the Godly Regenerate men whose eyes God openeth are for the most riddles and strange things unto the wicked whom the God of this world hath blinded we shall therefore in the Second place shew you that they are more or lesse perspicuous according to the diversity of the subjects entertaining them objective and in themselves they are perspicuous but subjective in respect of men they are more or lesse plaine according as men are Regenerated or Unregenerated the whole world you know is divided into the Regenerate and Unregenerate this is an adequate division of all men and therefore we shall 1. Enquire concerning the the plainnesse and obscurity of the Scriptures in relation unto irregenerate men and we shall lay downe this position that noe wicked irregenerate man can savingly know the Scriptures or thus that the Scriptures though plaine in their natures are yet darke and obscure unto irregenerate men If our Gospell be hid it is hid to them that are lost 2 Cor. 4. 3. our Gospel saith the Apostle is as cleare as the light but who can finde fault with the Sun if it gives not light to a blinde man it is hid indeed but then it is to those that are lost to ungodly men for the carnall man preceiveth not the things of the Spirit 1 Cor. 2. the Scriptures all throughout contain in them Spirituall things and therefore as a meer sensible Creature cannot judge of the discourses and reasonings of men so neither can a meer rationall man perceive or disscover the Mysteries of the Spirit which is only proper to him unto whom the Spirit revealeth them as the Apostle elsewhere speakes you know the Scripture is devided into the Law and the Gospell and unregenerate men are said to be either within or without the Church now an unregenerate man a Gentile without the Church may have an historicall knowledge of the Law for saith the Apostle Rom. 2. 14. they doe by nature the things contained in the Law but as from an old eaten manuscript a man may gather a word or sentence or two when yet notwithstanding he is not able to find out the drift scope and end of it because through its ancientnesse it is much worne and perished in like manner from those old reliques and vestigies of that Law written in the hearts of the Gentiles they might discover some things which pertained unto their dutyes towards God and their Neighbour but then they could not know therefrom the intent of the Law which was to drive them to a Christ they could not know that by it they could not be justifyed they understood not the end and drift for which God wrote this Law in their hearts therefore though they might have an Historicall yet they could not have a Saving knowledg thereof But Secondly as for the Gospell a Gentile cannot have either an Historicall or saving knowledge of it without it be preached unto them or by some extraordinary way unknown unto us infused into them for Faith ordinarily that is commeth by hearing and hearing by the word of God therefore the opinion of those who think that by the light of nature a man may come to the knowledge of Christ and the Gospell is to be rejected 2. Secondly a Christian unregenerate man within the Church may have an Historicall contemplative knowledge of the Law and Gospell but no saving particular knowledge of either for it is to them foolishnesse 1 Cor. 2. 14. and therefore it is rather a scandall and stumbling block unto them then a light and saving rule it cannot be expected therefore that the Scriptures should seem plain unto them whose noysome lusts doe cast a mist and a cloud before their understandings and whose interests and prejudices against the Doctrine of them suffereth them not to behold their purity and cleernesse Secondly as ungodly irregenerate men cannot have any saving cleer knowledge of the Scriptures so on the contrary Godly regenerate Christians may have it for unto them alone it is given to know the secrets of the Kingdome of God but to others in parables that when they see they should not see and when they heare they should not understand and so 2 Cor. 3 15 16. t is said untill this day when Moses is read the vaile is laid over their hearts neverthelesse when they shall turne unto the Lord the Vaile shall be
taken away Repentance and the Spirit of regeneration doth remove all obstacles and dispell all clouds which doe otherwise overcast the understandings of naturall men there are many things contained in Scripture there is History which in generall though not in each particular circumstance may easily be understood of an enlightned Christian there are Prophesyes which are either fulfilled or yet remain unaccomplished the former may be known by applications of their events the latter we may assure our selves will be fulfilled in their appointed time there are commands of God which being a declaration of his will are plainely set down and are as plainely understood for a Christian knoweth the mind of Christ and the will of his Father there are also Promises which being made only to Gods Children are by them only rightly apprehended for unto Abraham and his seed were the Promises Gal. 3. 16. There are lastly threatnings which being denounced against sinne are truely feared of those alone who make conscience of sinning as a strange language doth seem very uncouth and ridiculous unto such as have no experience of it whereas on the contrary it is most acceptable and delightfull to such as understand it in like manner the language of the Scriptures however they may seem strange and unreasonable to such as are not acquainted with God and his holy Word yet to a Regenerate Child of God and such an one as rightly understands them they are had in great esteeme yea and are more precious to them then the hony or the hony-combe now we delight only in such things which we understand for Knowledge according to Aristotle is the rest of the Soule a man may pore and reade all day in a Booke yet if he understandeth not 't will minister little comfort or pleasure to him and therefore the Scriptures being so great a delight unto the Godly for saith David My delight is in thy Law and my study therein day and night it will follow that they doe easily understand the meaning of them but may some one say doth not David pray also unto God to give him understanding that he may learne his Commandements how are they then so easily to be understood of an Elect Child of God wee answer that in this place Ps 119. 73. the Prophet doth not speake of an outward understanding of the Scriptures for who doubteth but that a Grammaticall and Historicall knowledge he had of them but he prayeth for an inward assurance comfort from them which ought continually to be the prayers of every one who intends to benefit by the reading of them besides this availeth nothing for we do not say that the Scriptures are plaine unto any without Gods opening their eyes and revealing unto them the mysteryes of his Kingdome farther a man may say that if the Scriptures are thus plaine as you will have them what need you then take all this paines in expounding of them to what purpose are so many Commentators and Interpreters of them We answer that though the Doctrine of Faith be plainely set down yet other things there be in the Scripture which may by reason of our ignorance stand in need of a Commentary which also may be farther usefull for the more largely opening of the Scripture which a new beginner cannot doe himself thus the Elements of Euclide are very plaine perspicuous in themselves though notwithstanding for the benefit of young beginners they are farther illustrated and demonstrated by those that write on him thus you see then that the Scriptures are plain and perspicuous unto a Regenerate Child of God though unto wicked Unregenerate men of the world they may appeare otherwise not through any defect of light in themselves but through the muddinesse and darkenesse of their own minds As unto diseased and ill affected eyes all things even the brightest will appeare of the same yellow colour that they at present are affected with But here I had almost forgotten to put you in mind of this caution viz. That though all things necessary unto Salvation are plainely delivered in Scriptures yet that they were not so plainely held forth unto the Faithfull under the old Testament us now they are unto them under the New for we must know that the Promises under the Law were either Clouded and Mufled up in Types and Figures or else couched and implyed only in Symbolicall figurative expressions for the Prophets of old did seldome speake but in figures Moses his face did shine indeed but then there was a vaile over it and so Christ was represented indeed under the Old Testament but through a cloud and mist hence the Apostle saith that the mystery of the Gospell was kept secret since the world began but now 't is made manifest that is compare the times of the Old Testament with these of the New the Gospell then will seeme quite to have been hid in comparison of what it is now for so we must understand the words it being the manner of the Scriptures when they compare two things together to expresse the lesse negatively a knowledge of Christ without doubt the ancient Jewes had for otherwise to what purpose would it be said Joh. 8. 56. Your Father Abraham rejoyced to see my day he sow it was glad that they dranck of that Spirituall Rock that followed them and that rock was Christ 1 Cor. 10. 4. to what purpose also would those Promises Prophesys of Christ be unles they had had some knowledg of him a knowledg then they had of him that 's certain but then this was only a confused implicite knowledg of him not a distinct particular explicite one as now we know in general that great will be the Glory that shall be revealed upon us in Heaven both in body and soule but yet we cannot define certainely what kind of Glory it will be untill this Mortall shall have put on Immortallity this Corruption that Incorruption so likewise the Patriarchs of old knew and believed in a Christ to come but then they did not explicitely and distinctly understand his particular Offices his Death and Resurrection and the like for of these the Apostle tels us for a time because the fuller manifestation of these mysteryes was reserved untill the fullnesse of time and the accomplishment of them hence the Apostle saith that the Fathers of Old did not actually receive the Promises but saith he they saw them afarre off and were perswaded of them and embraced them Heb. 11. 13. As therefore a man by the help of a glasse may discover another at three or four miles distance and not be able distinctly and throughly to view him all over so likewise the faithfull in old time thorough the glasse of the Law did know Christs comming but then they saw him afarre off saith the Apostle and therefore he could not circumstantially and cleerly be manifested unto them and so likewise it is in relation unto the knowledge of the Trinity and
us or entertained by us And thus much briefely for the Authority Perspicuity and Perfection of the Scriptures concerning which I might have spoken far more largely out of the Fathers Common-places Catechists and Polemicall Divines but intending brevity upon this point I thought it more usefull for you and my selfe wholy to examine the aforesaid points by Scripture yet so that I have given you a short glance and view of what they have said too I shall only now shut up all with a use or two of what hath been now and heretofore spoken Hence then 1. We may learne the excellency Vse 1 of holy Scriptures above all other bookes and writings whatsover we usually esteem of writings according to the eminency and worth of their Authors why now all Scripture is given by inspiration of God and therefore we should have them in so much account by how much the nobler the contriver of them is for as David said of Goliah his sword there is none to that 1 Sam. 21. 9. So may we say of the Scriptures there is none to them the word of God is as a two edged sword dividing between the Joynts and the Marrow so that what Aristotle said of the knowledge of the soul that a little of it was better then a great deal of another science We may also say of the knowledge of the holy Scriptures a little knowledge of them will stand us in more steed then all the vaine and perishing knowledge of prophane Writers Could the time and shortnesse of our lives suffer us to swallow up and devoure whole Libraries as bigge as that of Alexandria or this of our own were it possible for us critically to go over and examine all those elaborated pieces of humane invention could we perfectly Anatomize and trace nature in all her secret windings and operations yet all this knowledge in it selfe however it may place us above the clouds in mens opinions may for all that be an occasion for God to hurle us deeper into Hell But behold here a Book that is able to make us wise unto Salvation that directs and points us out a way unto eternall Life yea which raiseth our minds up unto the contemplation of those mysteries which the Angels themselves did desire to peep into a Book that unlocks unto us the very Cabinetand secret Counsells of God himselfe that revealeth and layeth open those mysteries of Godlinesse those hidden things of God which were before from all eternity clasped up in the hosome of the Almighty that gives a landskip as 't were and map of Heavenly Joy that out of darkenesse brings us into marvellous light that maketh us from Children of wrath to become heires of Heaven from slaves freeborne from Divells to become Saints All other bookes either by the teeth of time are worne out of memory or in the ruines of Kingdomes receive their graves but not one jot or tittle of this shall passe away 'till all things be fulfilled It hath been hitherto for some thousand yeares preserved amid'st the hatred of all the world against it the persecutions of Tyrants the malice and fury of Divells and shall so unto the end of the world continue though wicked men Tyrants and Divels should all combine their joynt forces to extinguish it they may with more successe and easinesse goe about to blot the Sunne out of the Firmament then to take this glorious Light from the Church people of God so that it was not without much reason that a holy Man once said That he had rather all the books beside in the world should be burnt than that one leafe of Gods Word should be destroyed for doubtlesse the least sentence therein comprised is more worth then all the voluminous Ofsprings and workes of mans braine Wherefore 2. This should exhort every one Vse 2 of us to a diligent reading and studying these holy Scriptures search the Scriptures saith our Saviour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the word implyes a kind of a â—â—nting after them or a narrow and painfull seeking into them as men doe for Gold and Silver and let the word of God dwell in you that is let it be as familiar unto you as he that dwells under the same roofe with you and not only so but dwell in you richly let your minds be as throughly adorned with them as a great mans house is with rich utensills hangings and now let us examine our selves whether we do thus earnestly search after them whether our hearts be thus furnished with them are we not rather like those Canonists of the Church of Rome who some say will confirm their Law text this too taken upon trust from others or like that Bishop mentioned in the booke of Martyrs who thanked God he never knew what was meant by the Old or New Testament doubtlesse there is no greater folly or madnesse in the world if we rightly consider it then to hanker after humane knowledge and to be carelesse of divine understanding greedily to devoure huskes and yet to loath Manna and like those Indians to preferre toyes and baubles before Gold pretious treasure But I need not I hope accuse any here of any such ignorance or neglect all that I desire is a more diligent studying of the word and more conscionable practice of it for reading knowing without practice will but aggravate our damnation however we ought to be stirred up to so necessary a duty as this is especially in such times wherein the meanest sort of people will upbraide our neglect of it amongst many of whom to our shame be it spoken the Bible according to the letter is better known then ever Aristotle was amongst us and will it not then much redound unto our disgrace if the Apron shoud pose the Gown in those things which most concerne them if poore illiterate Mechanicks should in the Doctrine of the Scripture confound a Learned Rabbi My Brethren you cannot be ignorant what prejudices some of the meaner sort of people have against us in this respect and therefore besides the Salvation of our soules which should be the main end of all even politick respects should engage us to double our diligence in studying of the Holy Scriptures for believe me however easy they may seem to some yet the full and clear understanding of them may very well take up our whole care and studyes there are Originalls to be known consulted withall antiquity to be searcht into and discussed severall places to be reconciled various acceptations of words and phrases to be weighed and compared together there are besides these many things without the Scriptures very needfull Grammer to know the propriety of words Rhetorick to understand the severall Tropes and figures contained therein Logick to deduce consequences and artificially to open places of Scripture and all three together properly and distinctly to analyse resolve and open the particular chapters and Bookes thereof which I conceive to be the nearest and most
compendious way for the understanding the drift and scope of Holy writ now all these should be as so many severall tyes and engagements upon us continually to strike upon this anvile night and day to study read and meditate upon the Holy Scriptures especially for us who either actually are in or else intend the calling of the Ministry But what may some of the younger sort here say if the Scriptures be so hard as you make them your exhortation will little prevaile with us you will rather deterre us from reading them to such I answer that though many things in Scriptures be hard yet the maine Doctrines thereof which concerne our Salvation are plainly set down and as easily to be understood besides as the Oratour notes of the Elements of Sciences and Sciences themselves that they seem hard and difficult only to the first undertakers of them so may we say of the Holy Scriptures their seeming difficulties will easily be conquered and made unto those that familiarly use read them as a strange language by use and custome becomes easy and familiar there are many things indeed in holy writ foulded up in obscurity but this is to make us more earnestly pray unto God to open our eyes that we may behold the wondrous things of his Law this is to tame the pride and arrogance of our nature which is apt to spurne and undervalue things obvious this is to enflame and raise up a generous holy minde unto a continuall reading and studying of them for as we count that man most valiant who will venture upon hard and difficult enterprizes in like manner may we esteem that man most holy and best minded who will as I may so speake dare to be pious and conquer all the seeming difficulties of the Holy Scriptures with his desire to know them and his industry to find them out wherefore as the voice once said unto Austin so let me say unto you all tollite legite take up the word read it perhaps you may find something therein that may dampe and frighten your wild lusts as they say that holy Father was presently converted upon the reading of that text Rom. 13. 12. The night is farre spent the day is at hand let us therefore cast off the workes of darkenesse and put on the armour of light tollite legite perhaps you may finde there something that may strike into your soules an holy amazement and sacred horrour for your sins past as Junius saith of himselfe that he was strucken with amazement by a divine kind of Authority and so turned from his Atheisme upon the reading of the 1 Chapter of John Againe tollite legite perhaps you saw light through some temptations answered some grievances of Conscience pacifyed upon thy diligent observance of his word some judgement denounced against thy sinnes some good thing or other that may either comfort thee or encourage thee in thy farther reading of them tollite legite take it up and read it but read it with reverence it is the Word of God read it with discretion and judgements by marking the connexion of them by comparing one place with another and by examining all things according to the Analogy of Faith and by applying that which thou readest unto thy own particular use and estate read it lastly with method and order distinctly going over that Booke which thou undertakest least thou be always learning and never come to the knowledge of the truth Oh but read it I doe perhaps two Chapters a day besides I heare it read twice a day in this very place but yet I can find no Spirituall comfort from it it doth not move me for all that what shall I doe then to have comfort from it The answering of this case will be very proper for us for many of us I doubt not doe heare and read the word but then I feare we are as little moved with it as the benches we sit upon or the ground we tread on but let such a man consider his fearfull estate who can thus heare judgements denounced and yet not be shaken mercies promised and yet not be melted let him consider what a fearfull thing it is to heare or read God speaking and he to have his mind another way for God to thunder out in his Word and yet he to sleep all the while securely in his sinne how can he expect Heaven who is thus carelesse of the instrument of his Salvation doubtlesse that God who commanded the Jewes in the 6. Deut. 8. To bind his Laws for a signe upon their hands and that they should be as frontlets between their eyes and that they should write them upon the posts and gates of their houses must needs be mightily provoked at their contempt who will not give his word any admission into their hearts or eares wherefore if such men doe desire to be moved or to receive any comfort from their reading or hearing the word 1. They must continually pray unto God to take from them their heart of stone and give unto them an heart of flesh bestow upon them likewise the Spirit of wisedome and revelation of the knowledge of him that the eyes of their understanding being enlightned they may know what is the hope of their calling Ephes 1. 16 17. 2. They must examine themselves what worldly cares doe distract their minds what prejudices and temptations doe enter into their hearts at the reading of the Word which are like the thornes in the parable choaking the good seed of the Word 3. They must seriously meditate upon the Word read and endeavour to remember it for as meat doth that man little good whose stomacke hath not a retentive faculty in it to retaine and disgest it in like manner the Word of God being not chewed upon as 't were by meditation and well remembred doth become uselesse and unprofitable to us so then we must not only read the Word but we must practice it also we must lay it up in our hearts and bring forth the fruits of it in a holy and Godly Conversation I might here farther enlarge upon this point and confirme my exhortation of reading the holy Scriptures from their plainnesse and perfection their subject and matter of them altogether divine from their end the Glory of God and mans Salvation from their principall Author GOD and from many other Arguments but I shall crave leave here abruptly to break off and conclude 2 Tim. 3. 16 17. All Scripture is given by inspiration and is profitable for Doctrine for Reproofe for Correction for Instruction in Righteousness that the man of God may be perfect throughly furnished unto all good workes COncerning the Booke of Nature and the Creatures we have already spoken we are to speake Concerning the Booke of the Scriptures by the two former I told you we had only a confused ineffectuall knowledge of God by this latter we have a more cleare distinct and saving knowledge of him should we have
been left only to the light of nature within us and the conduct of the Creatures without us we might have eternally groped in darknesse and never have come unto Salvation for though these may direct us unto a God yet they do not properly unto a Christ nature can never throughly discover the will of God and the right meanes unto Salvation and though God be delineated and drawn out as 't were in his Creatures yet it is but in darke colours seen he may be and understood in them but never exactly worshipped and served through them there must be then some higher Principle and fountaine from whence we may draw the knowledge of his will his grace and goodnesse towards mankind his love unto us from all Eternity in designing his Sonne to dye for us and to reveale unto us all those high mysteries of Religion which otherwise nature can never reach unto now that which doth these things must needs be the Word of God which instructing heretofore the old Patriarchs either by Oracles or Vision was at length by Moses proclaimed unto the Church and set down in writing that so all might plainly see who he was what kind of worship he did approve of and by what meanes he would bring them unto Heaven so that as Christ said unto the woman of Samaria Ioh. 4. 22. That both shee and her nation worshipped they knew not what we say likewise of the Gentiles they worshiped they knew not what God or the true one in a false manner for before Christs time Gods words being consined closetted within the Church of the Jewes no wonder that the Gentiles without the pale became vaine in their imaginations and worshiped the Creature more then the Creator and now after Christ many Nations either through malice rejecting the Scriptures or through negligence being ignorant of them no wonder that they are given up to worship the Host of Heaven and to follow after Idolls and lying vanityes for as old and dimme eyes though they may behold a faire volume yet they cannot speak or read perhaps two words together without the help of spectacles or some other glasse in like manner though a purblind naturall man a Gentile may see God in the large volume of his creatures yet without the light and helpe of holy Scriptures he can never discover his will and the true manner wherein he will be worshiped the Scriptures alone are the Cannon and Rule unto which we must square our selves in the service of God the principium cognoscendi that instrument and ladder whereby we may climbe up into Heaven and have a more intimate and cleere knowledge of God then possibly we can attaine unto either by the light of nature or conduct of the Creatures Wherefore leaving the two former Bookes of Nature and the Creatures we must enter now into a higher forme as it were and learne the booke of the Scriptures it shall be my taske therefore at present to open unto you the Doctrine of the Holy Scriptures out of these words in prosecution of which as of all other heads ensuing I shall as I have told you endeavour to couch my matter in as short a roome as I can that so I may the more speedily goe over the summe and substance of Christian Religion which is the intent of this exercise and then I shall with all plainnesse perspicuity and method both open and apply the Doctrine familiarly illustrating those things that are knotty and hard without rambling and fetching in of things wich will not consist with my intended brevity and method As for the Doctrine of the holy Scriptures which being a beaten path I shall with lesse paines goe over These words as I conceive are the most pertinent whereon I may build it which are brought in as an argument to strengthen and confirme the Doctrine which Timothy had suckt in even from his youth and received from Paul for he shewing in the beginning of this Chapter the dangers of the latter times and the errours of evill men and seducers doth give his Sonne Timothy an antidote aginst their poyson exhorting him in the 14. verse to continue in the Doctrine which he had received the times indeed are very evill errours very rife persecutions every where offered to the professours of the Gospell but saith he continue thou in the things which thou hast learned c. this exhortation he seems to presse by severall arguments thou must continue in sound Doctrine 1. Because thou hast learnt it it was to that purpose deposited with thee and instilled into thee that thou mightest continue in it 2. Because thou hast been assured of it and therefore 't would argue want of Judgement and folly in thee to fall from it and because thou knowest of whom thou hast learn'd it not from any impostor or seducer but from a Paul an Apostle acted by the Spirit teaching nothing but what he hath from Christ and the Holy Ghost and therefore whose authority ought to binde thee to persevere in the things thou hast learned 3. O Timothy thou must continue in those things thou hast learned because from a child thou hast known the holy Scriptures v. 15. thou hast been so long versed in the sacred truth so long learnt and received it that now it would be a most base thing for thee to recede from it read it thou hast from thy Child hood and therefore hold it fast thou shouldest in thy riper yeares this argument he backs on 4. From the perfection and profitable effect of the Sacred Scriptures they are able to make thee wise unto Salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus thou must therefore continue in the Doctrine and Word of God because if thou believest in that 't is able to instruct thee unto Heaven and eternall Salvation these arguments he puts down in the 14 15. verses now he goes on in these words read unto you to perswade him to persevere in the faith and Doctrine of the Scriptures for saith he all Scripture is given by inspiration of God the Authority therefore of it should bind thee to continue in the maintenance of it and 't is profitable for Doctrine for Reproofe for Correction for instruction in righteousnesse and therefore the great profit of it in instructing thee in all things which tend to Religion or well living and also its perspicuity in laying down all manner of things plainly which make either for Doctrine or for decision of controversies or for regulating mens manners either in publicke or private and then in the 17. verse the Apostle confirmes his exhortation from the end of the Holy Scriptures which is that the man of God may be perfect c. it is perfect in it self and therefore it doth make men perfect and throughly instructed unto all good workes since then saith Paul the Doctrine which thou hast learnt hath so noble an Author of it as God hath so profitable an use as to make men wise unto
Salvation to instruct to reprove to correct and since it hath so admirable perfection in it as to make the man of God perfect throughly furnished unto all good workes good reason then my sonne Timothy that be the times what they will be errours never so plausibly entertained and truth never so violently opposed that thou notwithstanding shouldest continue in the things which thou hast learned in the Doctrine of the Scriptures which thou hast received And this is the drift of the Apostle in this Chapter The well understanding of which together with the words read unto you will much conduce to the opening of this my present Doctrine of the Scriptures I shall therefore expound the words themselves more distinctly and in the opening of them briefely touch upon some things which I cannot handle at large and then I shall come to what I mainely intend well then here is the subject spoken of the Scripture set forth by its Author GOD by its use 't is profitable for Doctrine c. by its end which is that the man of God may be perfect c. All Scripture 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 all writing for so the Word of God is called Scripture by way of eminency it is the chiefest of al other writings which are so far accounted good or bad as they come neere to or decline from this but here saith Beza when the Apostle saith all Scripture we must take heed least we understand any besides that which we call Canonicall that is such bookes which by reason of their Antiquity their argument and divine doctrine they treat of their efficacious and lively manner and method of their discourses are the Canon yea rule and touchstone by which all Doctrines and Writings whatever are to be tryed for there are other Books which either because the names of their Authors were unknown to the Prophets and Apostles are called Apocryphall or hidden which though otherwise containing many usefull profitable instructions are yet notwithstanding to be hid and laid aside when any truth comes to be tryed And therefore when our Apostle saith that all Scripture is given by inspiration of God we must exclude those Apocryphall Bookes for since they are neither written in the Hebrew tongue nor by any Prophet of which Malachy was the last nor taken notice of by Christ and his Apostles since also they containe many things absurd and contrary one to another we have reason to suspect that they were never given by inspiration of God 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 all Scripture is inspired of God or as the word implyes breathed from God those notions words and phrases which may every where occurre in holy Writ were dictated unto the pen-men thereof by the Holy Ghost himselfe so that Prophesy came not of old time by the will of men but holy men of God spake as they were moved 2 Pet. 1. 21. wherefore we read not thus saith Jeremiah or thus saith Isaiah but thus saith the Lord and the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it but what may some say is all that is contained in the Scripture the Word of God Why then those impostures and calumnies of Sathan set down in the 3. of Gen. and 4. of Mathew those erroneous sayings of Jobs Wife unto him to curse God and dye with the like are the Word of God We answer that these and the like sayings only historically set down being abstractedly in themselves considered are not from God but then consider the truth of them and the end for which they are set down so they are As we may say that Tacitus is the Author of that whole Booke though many things in it are supposed to be spoken from other men and as the same wax though of litte worth in it selfe yet sealed and put in a bond may be of great concernement and value in like manner those speeches of Heathen Authors cited by the Holy Ghost as that of Aratus Act. 17. 28. and that of Epimenides Titus 1. 12. though of little worth as they came from such men yet being inserted into holy writ receive divine Authority and may be of great moment unto our Salvation many things there be also in Scripture which quoad praeceptum may have greater Authority then other but ratione Authoris are equall As the Commandements of the first Table are more severely enjoyned then those of the second yet the same God writ them both thus gold may be more precious then gold in weight and shape though not in purity it remaines then that all Scripture some way or other is given by inspiration of God and therefore it is all one to say the Scripture saith and God saith as may farther appeare from the 9. of the Romans 25. verse and Gal. 4 30. All Scripture is given by inspiration of God and is profitable many are the commodities of the written Word for besides that it is a standing rule whereby we may try all other Doctrines as the Bareans tryed Pauls Doctrine by searching the Scriptures whether those things were so Act. 17. 11. and therefore as those that carry false and Adulterate coine about them cannot endure to heare of a touchstone so likewise those cheates in Religion the Papists will not suffer the Scriptures to be read least thereby their impostures should be laid open and their folly appeare unto all men besides this commodity I say the Apostle saith that 't is profitable 1. For Instruction 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for the discovering that is of such things unto us which without it we could never have known there are Mysteries of Godlinesse and abscondite hidden things of God which humane reason can never unvaile or fathome that an infinite God should be cloystered up in a Virgins wombe that he should leave Heaven and lye in a Manger for the Redemption of his enemies and the like is above the reach and disquisition of a naturall understanding and therefore we must of necessity be farther enlightned by the Word of God before we attaine unto the knowledge of these things it is profitable also for instruction of us in the fall restauration of man in the Sacraments yea in all things necessary unto Salvation it instructeth and teacheth us how wretched we are by nature how happy by Grace how to beat downe principalities and powers how to want and how to abound how finally to be wise unto Salvation 2. 'T is profitable saith he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for reproofe there is no errour so plausibly broached so strongly fortifyed and maintained by humane reason but may be beat down and vanquish't by Scripture and therefore saith the Apostle He that is Spirituall judgeth all things yet he himselfe is judged of no man 1 Cor. 2 18. He that is rightly informed in the holy Scriptures he to whom the Spirit hath revealed the will of God and who knoweth the minde of Christ may without the assistance of forraine traditions testimonies of the Fathers and the like not
price or value then really it is in it selfe and this is all the true power that the Church can challenge in relation unto the holy Scriptures wherefore the true Church we honour in respect of these things but we doe not adore it and make it of greater Authority then the Scriptures themselves Wherefore 3. We say that the Authority of them doth not so much depend on the Church as on their own innate light and testimony of the Holy Spirit within us their own innate light I say for saith Chamier there is in the Scriptures a peculiaris genius and strein whereby they may upon examination be easily discovered to be the Word of God as a Critick will know by the phrase and stile and the like that such a book is Lyvies such an one Juvenalls so also will a Christian upon the due search triall of the holy Scriptures by their matter Heavenly by their stile deep and by their divine phrase mysticall presently conclude that they are the Word of God and that they can have no other Author then the King of Heaven and then farther I say there is required a Testimony of the holy Spirit within us which Spirit is as I may so speake the seale unto all the rest and peculiar only to Gods Children a man may by the hearsay of the Church historically know the Scriptures but this will no more comfort his heart then the discourses concerning honey and sweet-meates will the stomacke a man may also be convicted of the truth of the Word from those arguments I pressed even now and yet he may be no more converted by them then the Jewes were at the Miracles of Christ which they knew were wrought by a divine power well then what is it that must ultimately perswade us and assure a child of God certitudine fidei with an assurance of faith that the Scriptures are the Word of God the Church that cannot for how can that infuse faith which the Scriptures every where set forth to be the Gift of God what then is it that assures us doubtlesse the Spirit of God co-working with us and upon our prayers and diligent reading and examining of the Word assuring us that this Word which was thus confirmed by miracles thus verifyed by the truth of the Prophesyes contained in it this Word that hath so perfect a consent within its self that hath so admirable efficacy upon the hearers and readers thereof that hath been so wonderfully preserved in all ages that this Word and this Word only is the Word of God and of divine authority so then the Church that can only report unto us the Spirit that doth firmely perswade us the Church that can ministerially only ingenerate an opinion in us the Spirit a Faith and certainty of the Scriptures as then men may heare a very great report of anothers worth learning and counsell and yet be never fully satisfied concerning it till they find it so to be by their own experience or as those Samaritans who did believe in part on Christ for the saying of the woman were yet notwithstanding further confirmed established in the faith of him when they heard his own words John 4. 24. in like manner though we may historically believe that the Scriptures are the Word of God because the Church saith so yet this testimony of the Church doth minister little assurance or satisfaction unto a child of God untill it be farther back't on and established by a farther testimony of the Spirit which undoubtedly must be the firmest assurance a man can have because it is that alone which doth open the eyes to behold the wondrous things of the Law Psal 119. 18. 't is that alone which leadeth into all truth Joh. 16. 13. 't is that alone which inseparably accompanys the faithfull in the Scriptures My Spirit which is upon thee and my words which I have put in thy mouth shall not depart out of thy mouth Isa 59. 21. and therefore 't is that alone which gives strongest evidence unto its selfe speaking in the Scriptures if yee receive the witnesse of men the witnesse of God is greater saith S. Paul the witnesse of the Church is but the witnesse of men therefore the witnesse of the Spirit is greater but say they the Spirit speaketh by the Church and therefore we must believe the Church only when it testifyes of the Scriptures Whitaker answers for me that if so be the Spirit doth thus speak by the Church from whence then hath the Church this assurance but from the Spirit and so our beliefe of the Scriptures must ultimately resolve of necessity into the Testimony of the Spirit againe they say that the Church was before the Scriptures we answer no by no meanes for then how can the Word be called the everlasting wisedome of God and the immortall seed of which the Church is borne the Church was before the written Word but not before the unwritten Aske a Papist how they know that the Church is of such authority and they will prove it by the Scriptures and therefore the authority proving must needs be of greater esteem and before the authority proved but is not the Church called the pillar and ground of truth yes but what doth a candle receive any light from the candlesticke because it stickes in it what though the Church is the seat and mansion place of the Scriptures yet were it possible that there were no Church in the World yet is not the Scripture of lesse authority then now it is the Church then is only a ministeriall pillar to preserve keep and set forth the word not a fundamentall one to uphold and give being unto it and here I might wade farther into a Discourse concerning the authority of the Church and the Scriptures but it having been so fully handled already and answered by multitudes of eminent men I shall goe no farther it remaines that I should practically apply what hath been already spoken but this together with the other propertyes of Scriptures their perspicuity and perfection I shall leave to the next part This is the AVTHOVRS last Sermon that ever He preacht which was at S. Maries in Oxon. March 20. 1655. Phil. c. 3. v. 8. first part Yea doubtlesse and I count all things but losse for the excellency of the Knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord. IN this Chapter the Apostle armes his Philippians against their false teachers by opposing his own judgement and example to their erroneous and lying suggestions There were a company of prophane persons started up in the Church of Philippi whom Paul counts no better then doggs evill workers and of the concision verse 2. who instead of circumcising their hearts went about rather to cut and rend asunder the Church these men now being left to be brought from their old fleshly confidences the workes of the Law did vaunt much of their outward priviledges and would fain slink into circumcision and other ceremoniall performances and joyne