ADVERTISEMENT A Demonstration of the Messias In which the Truth of the Christian Religion is proved especially against the Jews By Richard Kidder in Octavo Printed for B. Aylmer A DISCOURSE AGAINST PURGATORY LONDON Printed for Brabazon Aylmer at the Three Pigeons against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill MDCLXXXV A DISCOURSE AGAINST Purgatory AMONG all the Errours of the Church of Rome the Superstructures she hath made of hay and stubble upon the substantial Doctrine of Christianity this Fable of Purgatory is one of the most notorious invented on purpose to encrease the treasury of the Church by putting the grossest abuses upon the ignorant and unwary People over whom she hath got such an absolute dominion as that she can make them believe what she pleases and then can impose her additions to the word of God as infallible decrees How easily are the multitude led into bye-paths when that light of Scripture is taken away from their eyes which God revealed on purpose that by the search thereof they might find Eternal Life For the Scriptures are the most full and complete systeme of God's Laws the most sufficient and certain means of Man's Salvation I cannot then but wonder how it came to pass that this middle state called Purgatory hanging thus between Heaven and Hell was not known to the Pen-men of God's word or if it were known that they should either be so envious of the Churches happiness or so forgetfull of the work they took in hand which was to write the whole Gospel of Christ as not so much as one of them should give us notice of this place But this new Doctrine with many others was introduced when the World was in the dark for in the ninth and tenth Centuries such a General ignorance and stupidity had seized the minds of Men that scarce any one knew what the Doctrine of Christ was when the Wolrd was thus stupid and Superstitious Men were inclined to believe strange things upon this fair opportunity some cunning Men drew the simple People into the Belief of the most absurd Doctrines under the notion of being great and profound Mysteries the gallantry of Faith they imagined was mightily shewn in swallowing downright Contradictions when this breach was once made upon the minds of Men then any errour might enter though as senseless and ridiculous as Purgatory it self Which Opinion I will first shew to have no foundation in the Canonical Scripture Secondly For what reasons it was introduted Thirdly What we are to believe in this matter Lastly I shall conclude with some reflexions upon the Authours of this and other new-invented Doctrines in the Church of Rome First I am to prove that this opinion hath no foundation in Scripture The Papists themselves are sensible enough of this therefore they put all the false glosses they can upon it so that the People may discern nothing in the Scripture it self though it be as clear as the Sun for by this craft they have their living as Demetrius and his Crafts-men had herefore But let them fairly and honestly lay open the Books of God to every one's eye without any unreasonable interpretations or spurious additions made to it and I doubt not but the vanity of asserting Purgatory will soon appear Now in Scripture there are matters of a different nature I. Ancient Records the History of former Times and these things were far better known than they are now at this distance of time II. There are things that are wholly expired and out of date and so of less use to us as the whole Mosaical Dispensation III. In Scripture there are matters of Prophecy fitted for those times which they then far better understood than we do now and wherein they were far more concerned than we are for they are transactions partly of things performed which when fulfilled were best understood IV. There are matters of deep Philosophy aswell as great Mysteries which do not belong to the business of Religion Lastly There is the moral part of Religion and our Savior's Doctrine in which two our Regilion consists and this is that Doctrine which hath brought life and immortality to light but hath not revealed any such thing as Purgatory which will appear if we consider what Bellarmine hath alledged in the defence thereof both out of the Old and New Testament According to him the Texts for Purgatory in the Old Testament are first the Fasting of David for Saul and Jonathan 2 King 1.12 and again 2. Sam. 3.35 for the death of Abner Which Fasting of David must be as he fansies for the obtaining of something for them at God's hands after their deaths and when nothing can be obtained for Mens Souls that are already in Heaven or Hell it follows that some Mens Souls are in neither of those places but must be in Purgatory We Answer that Mourning and Fasting were never practised upon a design of procuring thereby any benefit to the Deceased but they were customs onely and ceremonies made use of to testifie the honour and respect they had for their Friends departed and all Nations have had their particular ways of discharging their last Duty to their Friends when they have left this World without any thought of doing them any service thereby in the World to come The Cardinal is not contented with this Argument but he produces other places of the Old Testament to support his opinion in the behalf whereof he cites almost every Text wherein there is the word anger or fire or burning or purging or cleansing it were an infinite task to answer every thing he alledges and altogether needless because there is not so much as any shew or colour of proof in any one of them Therefore we will pass to those Texts of the New Testament which he says are for him First He alledges that of St. Matthew 12.32 Whosoever speaketh a word against the Son of Man it shall be forgiven him but whosoevrer speaketh against the Holy Ghost it shall not be forgiven him neither in this world nor that which is to come This world to come if you will believe him must needs be Purgatory Now by the world to come nothing else is meant in Scripture but that everlasting state which we shall enter upon after death in which all agree there shall be no middle state between that of Heaven and the other of Hell therefore the world to come and Purgatory are inconsistent for one Scripture is the best Comment upon another so that this way of Expression 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 neither in this World nor that which is to come is made easie and plain by St Mark c. 3. v. 29. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 now this manner of Expression in St. Matthew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it shall not be forgiven him neither in this world nor in that which is to come signifies just so much and no more as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hath never forgiveness but is in danger of Eternal Damnation as
to whom they make more Prayers than to our Saviour himself although her Name be not mentioned in all the Epistles of the Apostles although Christ himself as foreseeing the degeneracy of the Church in this thing did ever restrain all extravagant imaginations of honour due to her yet the adoration of her is the most considerable part od their Religion But why should a Man so prostitute himself as to Worship those I am sure God would not have me Worship for he would not have us adore any Creature as the Apostle argues Col. 2.18 it is but a shew of humility to worship Angels who are placed in the highest order of Creatures and if they are not to be Worshipped sure none below them are and God hath declared there is but one supreme self-existent Being and one Mediatour between God and Man the Man Christ Jesus IV. They withhold the use of Scripture from the People because they say Knowledge of the very Oracles of God will make them contentious and disobedient to Authority if this be true then the blame of all this must be laid upon our blessed Saviour for revealing such a Doctrine to the World as this is and thereby we should condemn the Apostles for making known such a Doctrine to Men in a Tongue they understand but I suppose the Papists are not willing to lay all the miscarriages of the World upon Christ and his Apostles Although Men may abuse the Knowledge of the Scripture yet the abuse of a thing that is usefull was never accounted a sufficient reason for the taking it away therefore Men are not to be hindred from the Knowledge of the Scriptures for fear they should become proud or rebellious for this would be as if one should put out a Man's eyes that he might the better follow him or that he might not loose his way for there is nothing in the whole Doctrine of our blessed Saviour which is unfit for any Man to know but what is plainly designed to promote holiness and the practice of a good life the Romanists do indeed pretend that the unity and peace of the Church cannot be maintained unless the People be kept in ignorance then the mischief will be that for the end of keeping Peace and Unity in the Church Church and Christian will be both lost which would be as if a Prince should knock all his Subjects on the Head to keep them quiet 'T is true this would be an effectual way to procure it but by these means he must lose his Kingdom and make himself no Prince into the bargain 'T is no doubt but if Men were ignorant enough they would be quiet but then the consequences of it would be that they would cease to be Men. Lastly They frustrate the effects of real Religion by their Pretences to extraordinary Power and Privileges that is they pretend to make that lawfull which is unlawfull Bellarmine saith that the Pope may declare vice to be vertue and vertue vice by this practice they attempt to change the reason of things which all Mankind agree to be unalterable By this pretended Power they can turn attrition into contrition that is they can make such a consternation of mind as fell upon Judas when he went and hanged himself to be contrition by the Priest's Absolution they can make bodily Pennance to be of equal validity with an inward change of mind and true Repentance they pretend they can produce by I know not what magical force strange spiritual effects by vertue of Holy Water and the Cross they are also much puff't up with a Power they assume of Absolving Men from solemn Oaths and Obligations they boast much of the Efficacy of Indulgences for the pardon of sin and for the delivery of Souls out of Purgatory by which Invention they detract from the efficacy of God's Grace as if it were not sufficient to prepare us for and at last to bring us to Heaven unless we pass through this imaginary Purgation after Death by which also they themselves are deceived whilst they couple Prayer for the Dead and Purgatory together as if the one did necessarily suppose or imply the other But they do not for though the sins of the Faithfull be privately and particularly forgiven at the day of Death yet the publick promulgation of their pardon is to come at the day of Judgment Christians then may be allowed to Pray for this consummation of Blessedness when the Body shall be reunited to the Soul so we pray as often as we say Thy Kingdom come or come Lord Jesus come quickly this is far enough from being a Prayer to deliver them out of Purgatory besides the Roman Church is not able to produce any one Prayer publick or private nor one Indulgence for the delivery of any one Soul out of Purgatory in all the Primitive times or out of their own ancient Missals or Records All these things before mentioned are not to be justified but thus the Papists have endeavoured to spoil the best Religion that ever was made known unto Men. Whereas the Christian Religion as it is professed in the Reformed Church is quite another thing for it doth neither persecute nor hold any principles of faction or disturbance but onely those of peace and obedience to the Laws of God and Man if there be any agitatours of Mischief and Treason it is the fault of particular Parties and not to be charged upon the Reformed Church which Church holds the Worship of God and all other offices of Religion to be performed in the Vulgar Tongue so that Knowledge may be thereby had and promoted which Knowledge of Religion if any Man doth abuse for the ends of Pride Rebellion or Heresie he doth it at his own peril and God will judge him for it But St. Paul is so far from allowing any Service to God in an unknown Tongue that he calls it a piece of madness 1 Cor. 14.23 If the whole church be come together into one place and all speak with divers tongues and there come in the unlearned will not they say that you are mad that is they may justly say so Now a Man would wonder that any society of Men retaining the Name of Christians should zealously press that to be necessary for the Christian Church which St. Paul hath said to be a piece of madness The same Reformed Church owns the free use of the Scriptures both in publick and private calls upon Men as our Saviour did to search them for these make the man of God perfect and do richly furnish him for every good work and by their help we are able to render a reason of the hope that is in us We do declare that the Preachers of the Church ought not to take away the Key of Knowledge from the People as our Saviour charges the Pharisees or as St. Augustine saith They do not command Faith in Men upon peril of Damnation to shew their superiority but they appear as Officers to
direct and give Counsel not with Pride to rule but in Compassion to lead others into the way of Truth and to recover them out of mistakes In short we tell the People that the Scripture is the onely rule of their faith that it is full and perspicuous in all matters necessary for good life and practice so that if the use diligence and mind them well they may easily understand them and be satisfied we never demand any implicâ—te Faith from them neither do we expect that they should resign up their Faculties as others believe blindfold and without Reason Therefore the Reformed Church is honest in all its dealings doth not deceive Men by any ways of fraud or falshood such as the whole Doctrine of Merit is and the Relieving of Souls out of Purgatory by Masses But there is a place in the World where coelum est venale Deusque Heaven and God himself is set to sale The premisses considered we may conclude that the Church of England had good reason to declare in her twenty second Article that The Romish Doctrine concerning Purgatory Pardons Worshipping and Adoration aswell of Images as of Reliques and also Invocation of Saints is a fond thing vainly invented and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture but rather repugnant to the word of God For the whole Scripture is against Purgatory wherein we reade 1 Joh. 1.7 That the bloud of Jesus Christ cleanseth us from all sin that the Children of God who dye in Christ do rest from their labours that as they are absent from the Lord while they body they are present with the Lord Joh. 5.24 they come not into Judgment but pass from Death to Life The same Doctrine is taught by the ancient Fathers of the Church Tertullian says it is an Injury to Christ to maintain that such as be called from hence by him are in a state that should be pitied Thus St. Cyprian affirms the Servants of God to have Peace and Rest assoon as they are withdrawn from the storms of this lower World And Hilary observes in the Gospel of the Rich Man and Lazarus that every one is sent either to Abraham's bosome or to torments assoon as this Life is ended St. Basil declares this World to be the time of Repentance the other of Retribution this of Working that of receiving a Reward So Nazianzen in his Funeral Orations plainly denies that after this Life there is any purging to be expected and therefore he tells us that it is better to be purged now than be sent into torments where the time of punishing is and not of purging St. Hierome also comforts Paula for the Death of her Daughter after this manner let the Dead be lamented but let us whom Christ cometh forth to meet after our departure be the more grieved because so long as we remain here we are Pilgrims from God I could cite more Fathers to this purpose but the Testimonies of these may suffice to shew that all were not of Bellarmine's mind as he pretends by his precarious assertion that Antiquity constantly taught there was a Purgatory Whereas the Grecians are so far from being of his Faith that they do not believe it at this day The oldest and best Authours that I know to be on his side are Plato in his Gorgias and Phaedo Tully in the end of the Dream of Scipio and Virgil in his sixth Eneide Tertullian likewise when he was an Heretick seemed to favour his opinion and Origen was very much of that Belief who acknowledges no other punishment after this life but Purgatory-pains onely Notwithstanding the Romish Clergy have the confidence to impose this extravagant Doctrine upon the World now it was never heard of in the Church for the space of a thousand years after the Birth of our Saviour when Thomas Aquinas and other Fryars had framed the cheat the Doctours of the Greek Church did publickly oppose it afterwards the Pope and his Agents prevailed so far in the Council at Florence that for Peace sake they were contented to yield That the middle sort of Souls were in a place af Punishment but whether that were Fire Darkness and Tempest or something else they would not contend But as I have said the Greek Church the Muscovites and Russians the Cophtites and Abassines the Georgians and Armenians could never be brought to submit to it But this opinion with some others no less absurd and ridiculous came into the World when Ignorance and Interest had fatally depraved the Primitive purity of the Christian Faith and Worship The Broachers of these Fictions are very crasty and industrious in contriving ways how they may fasten them upon credulous People and although it is more than an hundred years since our Ancestours threw off the Pope's Tyranny yet if he doth not meet with a proportionable zeal in their Posterity to oppose his designs it will not be hard to conjecture the success of a vigorous attacque and a faint defence As therefore we are Members of a Christian Church in which we may assuredly find Salvation if we continue in it let us be firmly united among our selves against all innovatours in Religion As we have no other rule of Faith and practice than the Holy Scripture let us reject all notorious innovations that are obtruded upon us for fundamentals As we are taught to be obedient to the supreme Magistrate not onely for Wrath but Conscience sake so we are bound to avoid the Communion of that Church which claims a Power of deposing him and of knocking those on the head who keep close to the Faith once delivered to the Saints What obligations then have we to the Church we are of and to the Religion we profess which hath deliverd us from the Laws of the Roman Religion that are written in Bloud that hath recovered us from the Idolatrous practice of the heathen World that will not suffer us to Worship Images or fall down to the stock of a Tree that doth not rob us of the benefit of publick Prayers by putting them into an unknown tongue that doth not enjoin an implicite Faith or blind obedience but allows to every Christian a judgment of Discretion who keeps within the bounds of due obedience and submission to his lawfull Superiours that he may prove all things hold fast That which is good a Church that hath no pardons at a set price for guilty persons no forged miracles to amuse the credulous and ignorant no pompous shews Beads Tickets Agnus Dei's Rosaries to please the Vulgar or to gratifie the Superstitious If therefore we have any love of our Religion or any concern for the happiness of our Church and Nation if we have any desire to hold the freedom of our Consciences or any care for the eternal safety of our Souls it behoves us to beware of the Emissaries of Rome in whose success we must expect to forfeit all these interest every one of which ought to be dearer to us than our lives Let us not be imposed upon by the specious Name of Roman Catholick it is a mere contradiction one of the Pope's Bulls as if he should say universal particular a Catholick Schismatick Let us not be afraid to encounter this pretended Catholick with the Councils and Fathers though these are a Labyrinth an intangled Wood which Papists love to fight in not so much with hope of victory as to hide the shame of an open overthrow which in this kind of combat many of our Divines have given them But let them bound their Disputations on the Scripture onely and an ordinary Protestant well read in the Bible may turn and wind their ablest Doctours for as among Papists their ignorance in the Scripture chiefly upholds Popery so among Protestants the frequent and serious reading thereof will soonest baffle it And we need not doubt of an entire conquest if we add to this the amendment of our lives with all speed lest through impenitency pride luxury bold and open Atheism uncharitable jarring and pelting at one another through stubborn disobedience to the Laws of God and Man we run into that sottishly which we seek so warily to avoid the worst of Superstitions that enervates and destroys the whole design of Christianity FINIS Advertisement of Books A Learned Treatise of the Pope's Supremacy To which is added a Discourse Concerning the Unity of the Church By Isaac Barrow D.D. late Master of Trinity College in Cambridge may be had alone In Folio Now in the Press Five Sermons of Contentment one of Patience and one of Resignation to the Divine Will By Isaac Barrow D. D. Never before Published In Octavo A Discourse against Transubstantiation Printed for Brabazon Aylmer in Cornhil Tertul. lib. de patien ch 9. Cyprian de Mortali sect 2. edit Goulart Hilar. in Psal 2. St. Basil Prooem in Regulas c. Nazianz. orati 9. ad Julianum Hierom. Epist 25. Concil Florentin Sess 25.
as little in the principles of God's Creation or in that which we call Natural Religion If this be so I wonder with what face they can still stand up for Purgatory or imagine such a state in which the Souls of Men are for a time shut up untill they are set at liberty by the Prayers of the Living or a Pope's Indulgence but to justifie themselves in this unpardonable abuse of the Christian Religion they tell us that some Christians in Old Time did make use of Prayers and Commemorations for those who died in the true Faith of our Saviour Jesus Christ Now the question is whether the Suppplicants that used this kind of Devotion intended by these means to obtain a pardon for the Criminals that were condemned to this Prison The right understanding of this Custome will put an end to the Controversie and who can better inform us of their meaning than they themselves or those that lived in the same Age with them amongst whom may be reckoned Dionysius the Areopagite who treats particularly of the Rites used in their Burials of the Death this Authour tells us that the Bishop was wont in the midst of the Congregation to make a Prayer of Thanksgiving unto God for his restraining the power of the Devil over Mankind as also for his mercifull admittance of sincere Penitents into his Grace and Favour And farther prays that God would place them in the Land of the Living seat them in Abraham's Bosome where now they rest from their Labours here they may be received into a place of Light Peace and Joy everlasting this was the end of their Prayers for those that Rest in the Lord. Now lest by mistake we should infer from hence as some have done that the Souls of good Men departed this Life are not yet in Paradise but remain for some time in a condition of darkness loss and pain there to be prepared for Heaven by certain Purgations and thence to be discharged by the satisfactions and prayers of the Living the same excellent Write hath mentioned onely two divisions of the Dead of those that have lived well and of those that have lived ill whereas the upholders of Purgatory have lodged them in three distinct Apartments But the Primitive Church knew but two places of entertainment for the Dead after this Life Heaven and Hell the first for good the latter for evil Men one for the Believer the other for the Infidel Heaven is for him whose sins are remitted and Hell is for him whose sins are retained Indeed some Ancient Doctours did seem to doubt what that place was which the Souls of Men did abide in till they should be reunited to their Bodies in the Resurrection supposing for a while they lay under the Altars But afterwards the Church of Rome found it more profitable to build for them this place of Purgatory a place wherein she pretends the Souls of Men are cleansed by Burning and made fit for Heaven For as soon as the World was put into a great Fright about Purgatory then came in the sale of Indulgences which the subtile Priest put off for securities against the vain fears and dangers to be met withall in this place this indeed is a Doctrine of good advantage to the Churh of Rome but most disgracefull to the Christian Religion for what can be more so than to defraud Christ himself of the Title and Merit which he ever had of being The onely Redeemer of Mankind as if he had not by his Sacrifice on the Cross fully satisfied the Divine Justice but that this great work was to be done by Pope's Bulls Indulgences and Masses But for all this we will oblige our selves to believe the Roman Confessours if they can from Scripture Reason or untainted Tradition shew us where God hath told Men that he is pleased with these things and is resolved to accept of them instead of a good and Christian Life For this was always the Faith of the Primitive Church that the state and condition of a Man into which he passeth after Death shall never be changed this I could prove out of Justin Martyr ad Orthodoxos and out of St Cyprian ad Demetrianum but my Design is not to fill this brief Discourse with Quotations and indeed there is no necessity for it because we have Scripture the common sense of Mankind and the Faith of the best and purest Ages on our side Wherefore in the third place I will shew what our Belief ought to be in this matter We all know very well that we are to believe as the Scripture directs and herein we are taught that Heaven and Hell are fixed for the two eternal states of good and bad Men who if after this Life they had any hopes of gaining the first or escaping the latter by the Prayers or the Gifts of their surviving Friends this expectation would in a great measure frustrate the intend of Christ's coming into the World which was to teach Men how in this present life they must work our their Salvation how through patient continuance in well-doing they must here be brought to goodness and real vertue the practice whereof in all probability would be quite laid aside if they should depend upon such foolish hopes as these are If we do but consider the reason of those promises and threatnings which God makes use of in Scripture to reclaim the Disobedient we must be convinced that there can be no such place as Purgatory For promises and threatnings are made use of in Scripture to work upon our hopes and fears two the most prevailing passions of the mind we have the promise of present assistance to encourage our endeavours in a vertuous life and to make this work the more easie we have the assurance of a future reward Whereas Religion would be thought in its strictest duties to be a burthen too heavy for Men to bear if so be they should once entertain the hopes of getting Heaven by such cheap and easie methods as the Church of Rome prescribes persons that are her Proselytes will not be wrought upon by that fear which is the proper product of the threatnings of the Gospel when the most dreadfull condition that can be feared hereafter may be avoyded as they think by the charmes of Masses or some legacy to the Church But these are cunningly devised Fables which the Scripture warns us of which Gospel because of the terrours of it is said to be the mighty power of God to salvation for great fear makes difficulties easie it awakens all our powers and quickens all our motions it turns our feet into wings and enables Men to doe many things with ease which without so strong a motive they would never be perswaded to attempt The lively apprehension of the danger of their Souls and the sad issues of a wicked life is enough to make the most profane Man stop his course it will incite him to summon all his powers to resist so