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scripture_n bishop_n call_v presbyter_n 3,421 5 11.0026 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A56811 The conformist's third plea for the nonconformists argued from the king's declaration concerning ecclesiastical affairs : grounded upon the approved doctrine and confirmed by the authorities of many eminent fathers and writers of the Church of England / by the author of the two former pleas. Pearse, Edward, 1631-1694. 1682 (1682) Wing P981; ESTC R11263 89,227 94

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same_o power_n and_o authority_n to_o preach_v which_o they_o have_v etc._n etc._n if_o these_o answer_n of_o the_o learned_a defender_n of_o the_o protestant_a cause_n be_v not_o true_a and_o catholic_a they_o be_v not_o good_a nor_o sufficient_a if_o they_o be_v good_a against_o the_o papist_n they_o be_v strong_a for_o our_o protestant_a dissenting-preacher_n who_o if_o they_o be_v but_o layman_n shall_v be_v ordain_v but_o the_o very_a word_n re-ordination_a do_v imply_v a_o ordination_n and_o ordination_n be_v not_o to_o be_v repeat_v 283._o praelection_n de_fw-fr ecclesiâ_fw-la c._n 11._o p._n 283._o although_o it_o be_v disorderly_a and_o out_o of_o course_n any_o more_o than_o baptism_n in_o the_o catholic_n church_n say_v the_o same_o reverend_a bishop_n carlton_n i_o must_v keep_v myself_o to_o general_n for_o i_o do_v not_o know_v the_o particular_a case_n scruple_n and_o reason_n of_o particular_a person_n some_o have_v take_v episcopal_a ordination_n that_o can_v conform_v 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teach_v premonish_v feed_v provide_v for_o the_o lord_n family_n to_o seek_v christ_n sheep_n that_o be_v disperse_v abroad_o and_o for_o his_o child_n who_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o naughty_a world_n that_o they_o may_v be_v save_v through_o christ_n for_o ever_o have_v always_o print_v in_o your_o memory_n how_o great_a a_o treasure_n be_v commit_v to_o your_o charge_n the_o sheep_n of_o christ_n conventicle_v covetous_a non-residents_a and_o negligent_a resident_n be_v hereby_o condemn_v and_o a_o personal_a inspection_n require_v which_o some_o of_o our_o brethren_n call_v gossip_v other_o conventicle_v buy_v with_o his_o death_n the_o congregation_n which_o you_o serve_v be_v his_o spouse_n and_o his_o body_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v any_o member_n of_o that_o church_n take_v any_o hurt_n by_o your_o negligence_n you_o know_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o fault_n and_o also_o the_o horrible_a punishment_n that_o will_v ensue_v see_v that_o you_o never_o cease_v your_o labour_n your_o care_n and_o diligence_n until_o you_o have_v do_v all_o that_o lie_v in_o you_o to_o bring_v all_o under_o your_o charge_n to_o agreement_n in_o faith_n and_o ripeness_n of_o age_n in_o christ_n that_o there_o be_v no_o error_n in_o religion_n or_o viciousness_n of_o life_n you_o ought_v to_o pray_v earnest_o for_o his_o holy_a spirit_n consider_v how_o studious_a you_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o read_v and_o learn_v the_o scripture_n and_o frame_v your_o manner_n and_o of_o you_o according_a to_o the_o scripture_n and_o for_o this_o cause_o you_o ought_v to_o lay_v aside_o all_o worldly_a care_n and_o study_n we_o have_v good_a hope_n that_o you_o have_v clear_o determine_v by_o god_n grace_n to_o give_v yourselves_o whole_o to_o this_o office_n whereunto_o it_o have_v please_v god_n to_o call_v you_o etc._n etc._n this_o be_v enough_o to_o prove_v their_o fitness_n and_o their_o call_n to_o the_o ministry_n and_o such_o as_o be_v
renounce_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n without_o any_o reasonable_a cause_n but_o let_v we_o see_v wherein_o our_o brethren_n be_v to_o be_v blame_v or_o do_v any_o thing_n but_o what_o our_o king_n and_o governor_n may_v allow_v the_o primitive_a bishop_n of_o our_o reformation_n be_v judge_n the_o religion_n of_o our_o brethren_n be_v thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v it_o be_v the_o religion_n of_o christ_n and_o not_o of_o anti-christ_n i_o reckon_v it_o can_v stand_v with_o the_o prince_n duty_n to_o reverse_v this_o heavenly_a decrce_n thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n etc._n etc._n with_o establish_v two_o religion_n in_o one_o realm_n the_o first_o authorize_v by_o christ_n 4o._o bishop_n bilson_n of_o subjection_n part_v 1._o p._n 21._o edit_fw-la 4o._o and_o bequeath_v in_o his_o testament_n to_o the_o church_n the_o next_o invent_v of_o antichrist_n and_o flat_o repugnant_a to_o the_o prophetical_a and_o apostolical_a scripture_n our_a brethren_n endeavour_v to_o keep_v strict_o to_o the_o scripture_n and_o christ_n as_o lawgiver_n then_o as_o the_o minister_n must_v dispense_v the_o word_n of_o truth_n be_v therewith_o offend_v and_o grieve_a who_o list_n so_o the_o magistrate_n may_v draw_v the_o sword_n of_o justice_n to_o compel_v and_o punish_v such_o as_o be_v blind_o lead_v 33._o part_n 1._o pag._n 33._o and_o malicious_o bend_v to_o resist_v sound_a doctrine_n who_o then_o shall_v be_v punish_v preacher_n or_o they_o or_o those_o officer_n that_o trouble_v they_o object_n but_o the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v in_o all_o lawful_a thing_n and_o every_o particular_a church_n have_v power_n to_o ordain_v ceremony_n so_o they_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o god_n word_n answ_n no_o man_n dispute_v the_o magistrate_n power_n in_o command_a thing_n good_a and_o necessary_a the_o doubt_n be_v concern_v thing_n which_o be_v indifferent_a as_o some_o suppose_v but_o not_o indifferent_a as_o the_o dissenter_n suppose_v of_o thing_n indifferent_a hear_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o same_o learned_a bishop_n we_o may_v not_o for_o thing_n indifferent_a trouble_n the_o weak_a mind_n of_o our_o brethren_n yet_o this_o rule_n bind_v no_o magistrate_n to_o remit_v the_o punishment_n of_o error_n and_o infidelity_n 33._o ibid._n pag._n 33._o because_o god_n have_v charge_v to_o suffer_v no_o kind_n of_o evil_a unrevenged_a and_o this_o be_v the_o great_a who_o voice_n they_o must_v hear_v who_o will_v they_o must_v obey_v though_o they_o be_v sure_a thereby_o to_o scandalize_v never_o so_o many_o both_o alien_n and_o subject_n if_o they_o be_v thing_n true_o indifferent_a than_o governor_n may_v forbear_v to_o command_v they_o whereas_o many_o do_v rational_o scruple_n the_o observation_n of_o they_o and_o can_v without_o sin_n observe_v they_o condescension_n and_o selfdeial_n will_v rid_v man_n conscience_n out_o of_o this_o straight_a between_o the_o magistrate_n command_n and_o the_o dictate_v of_o conscience_n object_n but_o by_o their_o preach_v and_o separate_v meeting_n they_o break_v the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n and_o be_v guilty_a of_o schism_n and_o to_o tolerate_v they_o be_v to_o tolerate_v a_o schism_n answ_n this_o be_v the_o great_a clamour_v of_o the_o accuser_n but_o let_v we_o see_v wherein_o communion_n of_o saint_n and_o church_n do_v consist_v and_o then_o we_o shall_v see_v what_o schism_n i_o can_v quote_v a_o more_o learned_a doctor_n of_o this_o church_n 224._o ibid._n part_n 2._o p._n 223_o 224._o or_o of_o great_a authority_n than_o the_o same_o reverend_a bishop_n bilson_n he_o shall_v decide_v this_o case_n it_o be_v a_o most_o pernicious_a fancy_n to_o think_v the_o communion_n of_o christ_n church_n depend_v upon_o the_o pope_n person_n or_o regiment_n let_v they_o that_o imagine_v one_o universal_a sovereign_a power_n over_o the_o church_n in_o our_o day_n whether_o one_o or_o many_o observe_v this_o doctrine_n and_o that_o divers_a nation_n and_o country_n differ_v by_o custom_n law_n and_o manner_n so_o they_o hold_v one_o and_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o bond_n of_o peace_n can_v be_v part_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n communicant_a one_o with_o another_o and_o perfect_o unite_v in_o spirit_n and_o truth_n each_o to_o other_o and_o fie_o on_o your_o folly_n that_o rack_v your_o creed_n and_o rob_v christ_n of_o his_o honour_n and_o the_o church_n of_o all_o her_o comfort_n and_o security_n whilst_o you_o make_v the_o unity_n of_o christ_n member_n to_o consist_v in_o obedience_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o not_o in_o coherence_n with_o the_o son_n of_o god_n the_o communion_n of_o saint_n and_o near_a dependence_n of_o the_o godly_a each_o on_o other_o and_o all_o of_o their_o head_n stand_v not_o in_o external_a rite_n custom_n and_o manner_n as_o you_o will_v fashion_v out_o a_o church_n observe_v the_o pope_n canon_n but_o in_o believe_v the_o same_o truth_n taste_v of_o the_o same_o grace_n rest_v on_o the_o same_o hope_n call_v on_o the_o same_o god_n rejoice_v in_o the_o same_o spirit_n whereby_o they_o be_v seal_v sanctify_a and_o preserve_v against_o the_o day_n of_o redemption_n the_o communion_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n be_v not_o break_v by_o diversity_n and_o variety_n of_o rite_n custom_n law_n and_o fashion_n which_o many_o place_n and_o country_n have_v different_a each_o from_o other_o except_o they_o be_v repugnant_a to_o faith_n and_o good-manner_n as_o st._n augustine_n ad_fw-la januarium_fw-la irenaeus_n etc._n etc._n eusebius_n l._n 5._o c._n 23._o socrates_n l._n 5._o c._n 22._o simple_a verity_n be_v the_o band_n of_o unity_n jewel_n ecclesiâ_fw-la defence_n p._n 460._o praelection_n de_fw-fr ecclesiâ_fw-la bishop_n carlton_n make_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n to_o consist_v in_o one_o head_n christ_n one_o body_n one_o spirit_n one_o faith_n or_o one_o rule_n of_o faith_n and_o if_o unity_n consist_v in_o uniformity_n in_o the_o same_o form_n of_o prayer_n liturgy_n and_o ceremony_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o unity_n there_o be_v as_o great_a schism_n in_o the_o apostle_n day_n as_o among_o our_o brethren_n according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o same_o learned_a bishop_n bilson_n etc._n ibid._n four_o part_n p._n 619_o 620_o etc._n etc._n some_o of_o their_o own_o may_v be_v so_o vain-glorions_a as_o in_o make_v their_o prayer_n at_o the_o lord_n table_n which_o be_v then_o do_v by_o heart_n and_o not_o after_o any_o prescribe_a order_n or_o form_n to_o show_v the_o gift_n of_o tongue_n in_o the_o public_a service_n of_o the_o church_n the_o minister_n and_o elder_n which_o be_v many_o both_o traveller_n and_o there_o dweller_n have_v every_o man_n his_o psalm_n his_o instruction_n his_o tongue_n revelation_n or_o interpretation_n as_o the_o spirit_n of_o grace_n think_v most_o expedient_a and_o other_o order_n in_o the_o divine_a service_n in_o the_o apostolic_a or_o primitive_a church_n we_o read_v for_o certain_a of_o none_o beside_o the_o action_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n which_o the_o apostle_n and_o so_o no_o doubt_n all_o their_o church_n always_o use_v in_o the_o end_n of_o their_o public_a meeting_n but_o with_o no_o set_a prayer_n save_v only_o the_o lord_n prayer_n as_o gregory_n confess_v the_o rest_n of_o their_o prayer_n blessing_n and_o thanks-givings_a be_v in_o every_o place_n make_v by_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n inspire_v such_o as_o be_v set_v to_o teach_v and_o govern_v the_o church_n and_o you_o have_v long_o since_o their_o time_n frame_v a_o liturgy_n in_o james_n name_n 620._o pag._n 620._o yet_o for_o so_o much_o as_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n do_v not_o acknowledge_v it_o your_o main_a foundation_n be_v a_o dream_n of_o your_o own_o that_o the_o church_n of_o gorinth_n have_v a_o prescribe_a number_n and_o order_n of_o prayer_n pronounce_v by_o some_o one_o chaplain_n ☜_o pag._n 621_o ☜_o that_o say_v his_o lesson_n within-book_n or_o may_v not_o go_v one_o line_n beside_o his_o missale_n for_o any_o good_a where_o the_o christian_n under_o the_o apostle_n have_v in_o their_o assembly_n first_o prophesy_v i._n e._n declare_v of_o god_n will_n and_o reveal_v of_o his_o word_n at_o which_o the_o insidel_n and_o new_a convert_v unbaptise_v may_v be_v present_a and_o next_o prayer_n and_o psalm_n to_o celebrate_v the_o goodness_n and_o kindness_n of_o god_n and_o to_o prepare_v their_o mind_n for_o the_o lord_n table_n to_o which_o all_o the_o faithful_a come_v with_o one_o consent_n of_o heart_n and_o voice_n give_v thanks_o to_o god_n for_o their_o redemption_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o mouth_n of_o such_o pastor_n and_o minister_n as_o it_o please_v the_o holy_a ghost_n to_o direct_v and_o inspire_v for_o that_o function_n and_o action_n the_o people_n hear_v understand_a 622._o pag._n 622._o and_o
ought_v to_o be_v restrain_v nor_o ungodliness_n and_o dishonesty_n for_o which_o they_o shall_v be_v punish_v any_o more_o than_o the_o best_a of_o man_n but_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n in_o christ_n by_o the_o spirit_n according_a to_o his_o word_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o forego_n doctrine_n they_o be_v to_o be_v encourage_v and_o protect_v there_o be_v but_o one_o thing_n to_o their_o prejudice_n their_o disobedience_n to_o some_o temporal_a ecclesiastical_a law_n require_v subscription_n etc._n etc._n hear_v a_o little_a further_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o doctor_n to_o devise_v rite_n and_o ceremony_n for_o the_o church_n be_v not_o the_o prince_n vocation_n but_o to_o receive_v and_o allow_v such_o as_o the_o scripture_n and_o canon_n commend_v and_o such_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o pastor_n of_o the_o place_n shall_v advise_v not_o infringe_v the_o scripture_n or_o canon_n and_o for_o all_o other_o ecclesiastical_a thing_n and_o cause_n prince_n be_v neither_o the_o deviser_n non_fw-fr director_n of_o they_o but_o the_o confirmer_n and_o establisher_n of_o that_o which_o be_v good_a 252._o bilson_n pag._n 252._o and_o displacer_n and_o avenger_n of_o that_o which_o be_v evil_a the_o ceremony_n in_o divers_a particular_a church_n be_v of_o divers_a sort_n and_o that_o without_o any_o inconvenience_n at_o all_o so_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o those_o unchangeable_a law_n give_v by_o the_o universal_a head_n christ_n the_o reverend_a dr._n nowel_n reproof_n of_o dorman_n p._n 25._o see_v homil._n of_o fast_v second_o part._n how_o easy_a may_v the_o bishop_n if_o they_o please_v take_v away_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o decry_v schism_n or_o without_o any_o crime_n of_o schism_n permit_v a_o diversity_n to_o they_o that_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o unchangeable_a law_n of_o josus_fw-la christ_n and_o only_o differ_v from_o their_o particular_a and_o changeable_a law_n to_o conclude_v if_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o nonconformist_n be_v the_o catholic_n faith_n as_o it_o be_v in_o all_o and_o every_o point_n and_o article_n even_o the_o same_o which_o be_v profess_v in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n contain_v in_o the_o scripture_n if_o they_o be_v good_a man_n and_o honest_a subject_n then_o we_o be_v teach_v and_o exhort_v to_o pray_v that_o the_o king_n and_o all_o in_o authority_n under_o he_o may_v have_v wisdom_n strength_n justice_n clemency_n and_o zeal_n to_o god_n glory_n to_o god_n verity_n to_o christian_a soul_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n let_v we_o pray_v they_o may_v right_o use_v their_o sword_n and_o authority_n for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o catholic_n faith_n contain_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n 1673._o the_o 3d_o part_n of_o the_o homily_n of_o obedience_n p._n 69._o lond._n edit_n 1673._o and_o of_o their_o good_a and_o honest_a subject_n for_o the_o fear_n and_o punishment_n of_o the_o evil_a and_o vicious_a people_n object_n but_o they_o transgress_v the_o law_n therefore_o be_v not_o good_a and_o honest_a subject_n break_v the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n etc._n etc._n answ_n preach_v and_o hear_v the_o catholic_n faith_n be_v i_o hope_v no_o transgression_n of_o the_o law_n if_o it_o be_v then_o you_o do_v in_o effect_n say_v the_o law_n be_v against_o godliness_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o catholic_n faith_n they_o be_v good_a and_o honest_a subject_n that_o pray_v for_o the_o king_n pay_v tribute_n live_v in_o godliness_n and_o honesty_n therefore_o they_o be_v to_o be_v protect_v and_o encourage_v which_o be_v the_o proposition_n to_o be_v prove_v i_o suppose_v no_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v construe_v or_o execute_v which_o in_o construction_n and_o execution_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o catholic_n doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n establish_v by_o law_n the_o faith_n they_o profess_v be_v catholic_n their_o worship_n be_v according_a to_o the_o scripture_n and_o they_o corrupt_v the_o people_n neither_o with_o sedition_n or_o disobedience_n the_o condition_n of_o liberty_n which_o they_o refuse_v be_v no_o article_n of_o catholic_n faith_n or_o practice_n therefore_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n the_o second_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o nonconformist_a protestant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v indulge_v and_o permit_v the_o former_a discourse_n answer_v this_o question_n if_o they_o do_v not_o deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v but_o protect_v and_o encourage_v then_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v permit_v and_o indulge_v while_o they_o design_v and_o act_v nothing_o inconsistent_a with_o or_o contrary_a to_o the_o duty_n of_o good_a honest_a peaceable_a subject_n 2._o permission_n and_o indulgence_n be_v the_o low_a degree_n of_o favour_n that_o can_v be_v show_v to_o catholic_n christian_n and_o protestant_n in_o a_o christian_n protestant_n kingdom_n 1._o if_o more_o be_v due_a to_o the_o profession_n of_o christian_a religion_n yea_o of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n then_o a_o permission_n or_o indulgence_n be_v the_o least_o respect_n and_o favour_n due_a to_o it_o but_o more_o be_v due_a to_o it_o than_o permission_n therefore_o that_o be_v the_o least_o 2._o if_o permission_n be_v due_a to_o godliness_n and_o honesty_n from_o adverse_a power_n both_o jewish_a and_o heathen_a and_o if_o it_o be_v due_a to_o reform_v christian_n in_o popish_a country_n than_o it_o be_v much_o more_o due_a to_o protestant_a professor_n in_o protestant_a kingdom_n and_o state_n but_o the_o former_a be_v true_a therefore_o much_o more_o the_o latter_a of_o these_o in_o particular_a 1._o the_o jewish_a power_n ought_v to_o have_v permit_v the_o preach_n of_o the_o gospel_n to_o our_o saviour_n and_o his_o apostle_n because_o it_o be_v of_o god_n and_o god_n have_v sovereign_a power_n in_o all_o the_o world_n to_o set_v up_o his_o kingdom_n and_o law_n it_o be_v the_o sin_n of_o the_o jew_n to_o forbid_v the_o preach_n of_o the_o gospel_n it_o be_v a_o duty_n in_o the_o apostle_n to_o preach_v it_o even_o when_o forbid_a if_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n in_o the_o jew_n to_o forbid_v it_o they_o ought_v certain_o to_o permit_v it_o yea_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v receive_v and_o obey_v it_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o duty_n and_o no_o sin_n in_o the_o jew_n to_o forbid_v the_o preach_n of_o christ_n it_o have_v be_v a_o sin_n in_o the_o apostle_n notwithstanding_o and_o against_o that_o prohibition_n to_o preach_v it_o but_o it_o be_v a_o obedience_n to_o god_n the_o high_a power_n to_o preach_v it_o therefore_o they_o who_o forbid_v it_o aught_o to_o permit_v it_o yea_o much_o more_o it_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o believe_v it_o 2._o the_o same_o reason_n will_v hold_v all_o the_o world_n over_o because_o christian_a religion_n be_v from_o god_n and_o teach_v the_o knowledge_n and_o obedience_n and_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o the_o way_n to_o life_n therefore_o god_n may_v send_v it_o all_o over_o the_o world_n by_o man_n call_v and_o send_v by_o he_o without_o the_o commission_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o world_n and_o if_o man_n know_v the_o gift_n of_o god_n they_o ought_v to_o esteem_v it_o the_o great_a mercy_n and_o manifestation_n of_o grace_n that_o be_v ever_o show_v to_o the_o son_n of_o men._n our_o saviour_n command_v his_o apostle_n to_o go_v into_o all_o the_o world_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o every_o creature_n it_o come_v among_o they_o without_o their_o knowledge_n and_o against_o their_o will_n ought_v it_o to_o be_v receive_v or_o not_o if_o not_o than_o god_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v according_a to_o his_o reveal_v will_n which_o no_o man_n dare_v affirm_v if_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v receive_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v permit_v and_o indulge_v with_o a_o overplus_n of_o reverence_n and_o honour_n godliness_n and_o honesty_n be_v to_o be_v privilege_v and_o protect_v to_o be_v cherish_v ard_n not_o extinguish_v in_o heathen_a kingdom_n 1_o tim._n 2.2_o they_o desire_v to_o lead_v quiet_a life_n free_a from_o trouble_n and_o persecution_n the_o use_n they_o be_v to_o make_v and_o do_v make_v of_o their_o quietness_n be_v the_o exercise_n of_o godliness_n and_o honesty_n to_o this_o end_n they_o be_v to_o pray_v for_o king_n and_o all_o in_o authority_n and_o king_n and_o all_o in_o authority_n may_v venture_v and_o not_o fear_v to_o give_v protection_n and_o security_n to_o all_o that_o pray_v for_o they_o and_o that_o live_v in_o godliness_n and_o honesty_n under_o they_o if_o protection_n and_o quietness_n may_v be_v expect_v from_o heathen_n much_o more_o from_o christian_n 3._o if_o refermed_a christian_n ought_v to_o be_v permit_v in_o popish_a kingdom_n and_o state_n then_o christian_n profess_v the_o reformation_n may_v be_v much_o more_o permit_v in_o protestant_a kingdom_n and_o state_n and_o by_o consequence_n in_o this_o kingdom_n popish_a king_n and_o ruler_n