that are to partake of that Bread thereby may feed upon the Body of Christ which is the true Bread and by him live for ever Then he breaketh the Bread pronouncing the words of Christ This is my Body c. willeth the People to receive it in remembrance of Christ and as shewing forth the Death of Christ till he come the second time without sin to Salvation In like manner he taketh the Cup after the People have received the Bread and with Prayer suitable to that great Mystery it being sanctified he poureth out of the Wine remembring the words of Christ This Cup is the New Testament in my Blood c. partakes of it himself as he did also of the Bread and gives it to the Deacons to Communicate to all the Congregation and they all drink of it Then some word of Exhortation is given to the People under the consideration of the unspeakable Mercy of God in the gift of his Son to dye for us that we might live Eternally with him all is concluded with Prayers to the Lord for all his Blessings in the most joyful manner that the Minister is able to express them and then usually something is given to the Poor as every mans heart maketh him willing being not constrained thereunto but as the love of Christ constraineth him TO say nothing here of the Roman Church denying to give the Cup to the People the Priests only drinking of it nor of the Priest only partaking of the Bread and Cup in divers of their Masses the People only looking on neither of their Adoration of the Elements of Bread and Wine in these words I Worship thee I Glorifie thee I Praise thee Nor yet of that Passage in the Communion of the Mass Let us Worship the Sign of the Cross which are things too large to be discoursed in a Letter It shall suffice to set down the manner of their Celebration 1. All is done in an unknown Tongue which the People understand not 2. The Benedicamus Domino is sung ten times together and Ite Missa est is sung thirteen times with long and tedious Notes 3. The Priest is to say divers Prayers privately to himself 4. He is taught by the Rubrick to make thirty several Crosses upon the Bread the Cup the Altar and his forehead 5. Their Gestures are as followeth The Priest boweth his Body and lifting up himself kisseth the Altar on the right side then he boweth again and looketh toward the Host that is the Bread he joyneth his hands wipeth his fingers lifteth up the Host then he lifteth up his eyes and boweth himself and lifteth up his eyes again he boweth again and lifteth up the Host above his forehead then he uncovereth the Cup and holdeth it between his hands keeping his thumb and his finger together Then he boweth and lifteth up the Cup a little then to his Breast or above his Head. He setteth it down again and wipeth his fingers then he spreadeth his Arms a-cross He boweth his Body rising up he kisseth the Altar on the right side He smiteth his Breast uncovering the Cup he makes five Crosses with the Host beyond the Cup twice on each side under the Cup and before it Then he layeth his hands upon the Altar the Deacon reaching him the Paten he putteth it to his right eye then to his left he maketh a Cross beyond his head with it he kisseth it and layeth it down Then he breaketh the Host in three holding two pieces in his left hand and one in his right over the Cup which with a Cross he letteth fall into it Then he kisseth the Corporas the Deacon taketh the Pax from the Priest giveth it to the sub-Deacon and he to the Quire. Then humbling himself he first taketh the Body and then the Blood so he goeth to the right horn of the Altar the sub-Deacon poureth in Wine and the Priest rinseth the Cup and washeth his hands turning himself to the People Cometh again to the Altar and turneth to the People the second time Then bowing his body and closing his hands he prayeth to himself he riseth again making the sign of the Cross and bowing again goeth from the Altar Thus Brethren I have given you a brief account of the Ceremonious Observations of those who would be thought the truest Church on Earth though they have assuredly changed the Ordinances of our Lord more than any sort of Christians I have also set before you the purity and simplicity and yet the great utility of these two great Ordinances that you may be more inwardly affected with them but especially with him whom they so excellently represent for to this end are they ordained to set forth Christ and him Crucified Of all the difficulties with which you are likely to be tried in respect of your Religious Profession that Question which concerns the Judge of these and other Controversies in Religion is like to be the most dangerous because you have been little exercised in it as also because many persons of great Eminency and Authority are deeply radicated and very expert in an opinion diametrically opposite to yours for they say that the living voice of the Church assembled in a General Council of her Bishops and Doctors is the only infallible Judge to determine all Controversies in matters of Faith and Religion On the other side We have been taught and have constantly believed that it is all Christians Duty to rely chiefly and before all things upon the Authority and sufficiency of the voice of God himself as he speaks in the Holy Scriptures as the best and only infallible Decider of all Questions that shall arise especially in the Christian Church and since the holy Scriptures were written and received about matters of Faith and Religion And indeed it seems very strange that any man should think there is a better Judge than God himself of what is true and what is otherwise in matters of Religion and to be sure he speaks to us with the greatest Certainty and Authority by the holy Pen-men of the Scriptures And it is as strange that the Church who must derive all her Light and Authority from God and his Word should appeal men to her self rather than to him methinks they should say to us as Caesar's Substitute said to St. Paul Hast thou Appealed to God as he speaks in his Scriptures to God and his Scriptures shalt thou go And especially when this is the question What sort of Christians are the true Church of Christ for it seems then the most unreasonable thing in the World that any Party contending for this Title The Church should be her own Judge and seeing the Church cannot by meerly avouching upon her own Testimony only that she is the Church make any proof or demonstration that she is so it remains then that we must have some Infallible Rule by which to find the Church And now if God himself does not reveal to us
things spoken by him were so 3. Nor can the Papists tell us what one Point of Necessary Instruction or Belief was delivered by Word of Mouth which is not now contained in the Holy Scripture if otherwise let them assign some necessary Point of Faith or Instruction such as without which we cannot know and serve God truly and fully and be saved eternally which is not contained in the Holy Scriptures But as this will hardly be attempted so let me exhort you Brethren to beware of all manner of Principles and Doctrins which have any tendency to weaken or invalidate the Authority and Sufficiency of the Scriptures which the Apostle avers to be of that sufficiency even before all the Books of Sacred Scriptures were extant as to furnish the Man of God throughly to every good Work. And then certainly he who is in all Points of Faith and Instruction a good Christian according to the Doctrine contained in the Holy Scriptures will be out of the reach of any just reprehension though he know nothing of the unwritten Tradition so much pretended and admired by the Papists or others Being thus secured in your Principles from the very concession of your Enemies and by the Authority of the best and most Sacred Antiquity even the Holy Scriptures you have no cause to fear the most important difficulties wherewith possibly we may be tried in these days And that we may the better see how the case stands between the Baptists and the Papists with respect to the two great Ordinances of Christ to wit Holy Baptism and the Holy Table of our Lord Jesus Christ we will here take a View of the one and of the other in a distinct Column by it self the better to discern their Disparity The Manner of Baptism among the Baptized Believers commonly called Anabaptists Baptist The Manner of Baptism among the Papists commonly called Roman Catholicks taken out of the Roman Ritual by a Learned Hand translated into English Papist THE Messenger or Elder being attired in comely Raiment not much different from the rest of his Brethren first Preaches the Gospel to every Creature that is capable and willing to hear and when by hearing they have received Faith the Minister explains the Doctrine of Repentance from dead Works and of Faith towards God for the further Illumination of the Disciples understanding in the knowledge of the only true God and our Lord Jesus Christ that they may obtain Eternal Life The Minister does oopen the Doctrine of Repentance in three parts especially i. e. as it consists in a due sense or knowledge of the sinfulness of sin In true Sorrow for sin committed especially against Almighty God. The necessity of forsaking the Conversation of sin and to walk righteously soberly and godly in this present Life The Doctrine of Faith is explained concerning the Object in respect of the God-head the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost into whose Name the Party is to be baptized and especially concerning Christ crucified buried and risen a-again and therewith is shewed that in Baptism we are to die unto Sin to be buried with him in Baptism to rise to a Holy Life and so to put on the Lord Jesus Christ in Baptism as to be born of Water and of the Spirit through the Word The Minister does open to the Party to be Baptized the whole Doctrine of Baptisms First That of Water which is the Baptism of Repentance for the Remission of sins in respect of the Power by which it is commanded the extent of it to every repenting Sinner the end of it to be a Pledge of the washing away of sin and to give us admission into the Church of Christ to draw near to God in Prayer with full assurance having the Heart sprinkled from an evil Conscience by Faith in the Blood of Christ and our Bodies washed with pure Water even the Water of the Baptismal Covenant called the washing of Regeneration 2. That of the Holy Spirit the Promise of the Spirit being made to all that our Lord doth call and therewith doth explain the fourth Principle of Christ's Doctrine Laying on of Hands with Prayers as the Means appointed of God to obtain that Blessing even the Promise of the Spirit through Faith in the Word of Promise 3. The Baptism of Affliction is also opened that the Sufferings of Christ called by himself a Baptism may not be feared but patiently endured according to the Will of God. This is the Sum of the Doctrine of Baptism taught by the Baptized Churches The 5th and 6th Principles of Christ's Doctrine are likewise particularly opened concerning the Resurrection of the Dead and chiefly of Christ's being raised Bodily from the Dead as the most sure pledge that the Dead shall be raised Bodily and the eternal Judgment in which every man shall receive according to the deeds done in the Body whether good or bad To all which the Party to be Baptized declares his assent in the best manâ—er he can shewing also his sense of Sin and sorrow for it his purpose to live holily his Faith in Christ his Saviour the only Son of God and that it is his desire to be Baptized according to the Will of God. And then the Minister with the Congregation or persons present do make Prayer and Supplication to Almighty God to receive the returning sinner and to bless and sanctifie his own Ordinance to him And then the Party to be Baptized being cloathed with convenient Garments for decency he is had to the Water where calling upon the Name of the Lord he is dipped into the River or Water by the Minister in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost And as in every thing Christians are to give thanks so this whole Service is concluded with farther prayer and thanksgiving to this effect That as it has pleased God to call his Servant or Servants out of their sinful state and to bring them into the way of Truth so it would please him to enable them to persevere to the end to his Glory and their own Eternal Comfort Nor do we put any Vow Covenant or Promise upon any Person save only what the very Nature of the Baptismal Covenant it self does in its own evidence carry along with it it being our greatest care neither to add to nor to diminish ought from the holy Ordinances of Christ but to keep them as they were delivered at first to the Church of God 1 Cor. 11. 2. AFter many preparatory Prescriptions the Priest being dressed in a Purple Robe calls the Infant to be Baptized by his Name and saith What askest thou of the Church of God the God-fathers answer Faith. The Priest saith again What shalt thou get by Faith The God-father replies Eternal Life Then adds the Priest If therefore thou wilt enter into Life keep the Commandments Thou shalt love
question be about Christ and his Church there must we find them both or no where If any Man like not this Doctrine let him shew me if he can these lovely Objects without being beholden to the Scripture Some I have known to attempt this but with lamentable success being soon driven to a shameful silence and indeed the whole World must depart into utter silence as touching this great Mystery Christ and his Church unless the Word of God as it is delivered in the Holy Scriptures through Faith makes us wise in these great Concernments of Salvation 2 Tim. 3. 14. Let men alledge all the Authors in the World and all the Tradition that ever was if the Holy Scriptures must not be their own Evidence and so capable to command our Belief of them then for the same or rather more forcible Reasons then any Man can bring against the Scriptures all Authors and all Traditions shall be dumb and useless as to the production of the least iota of Divine Faith so that the Papists at the long-run must if they know how shew us their Church without Scripture or any Author and without Tradition also as I have formerly written unto you being provoked thereunto by seven Queries sent by a Learned Papist who in his last to me does undertake to deliver himself from this difficulty after this manner We may saith he prove the Church by the Holy Scripture and the Scripture by the Church and this by a Regressus Demonstrativus without a vicious Circle because we suppose them both sufficiently proved and prudently accepted for such by all the Motives of Credibility as Miracles Holiness c. by which Christ proved himself and his New Gospel But as for the Sense of the Scripture I have more than sufficiently demonstrated that the Scripture it self cannot bear witness for it but that this must be had from a Living Judge viz. the Church the Infallible Interpreter of Gods Word To this I answer briefly That is a vicious Circle out of which no man can lawfully deliver himself but must run in a Round without end and truly such is this Circular Argumentation of my Adversary he will prove his Church by the Scripture 2. He will prove the Scripture to be true by his Church and he will prove his Church true by the Scripture before the Scripture be proved true and he will prove the Scripture to be true after it hath proved his Church true This Meander is no way to be avoided that I can see but by suffering either the Scripture or the Church to be its own Evidence for his Demonstrative Regress makes his Case worse for by it they be both sufficiently proved before either of them be proved and both prudently accepted before either of them be accepted and which is most strange of all the rest these things are all done before the Scripture hath any sense known for of this he is the most of all confident that the Sense of the Scripture must be had from a living Judge viz. the Church the Infallible Interpreter of God's Word So that this is the Conclusion of the whole Matter The Scripture without Sense must prove the Roman Church and the Roman Church must then give the Sense of that Scripture which had no Sense before when it proved Her to be the Church here is indeed a Regressus but no such thing as a Demonstrativus Methinks wise men should consider that the Holy Scripture is its own Interpreter in a great if not the greatest part of it the New Testament being the best Interpreter of the Old Testament and of it self also in many places for Example It tells us in one place that the Heavens must receive Christ from the time of his Ascension till the times of refreshing shall come from the Presence of the Lord. Act. 3. 21. And hence we hold that no Christian must say that the real Body of of Christ which ascended to Heaven is upon the Earth till he shall be sent the second time for God shall send Jesus saith St. Peter because the Scripture tells us in another place That if Jesus were on Earth he should not be a Priest Heb. 8. 4. It is therefore as plain as plain can be that the Papists make void the Priesthood of Christ and contradict St. Peter himself when they tell the World that the real Body of Christ which ascended into Heaven is now really carnally corporally present upon the Earth that is upon their Altars and in the Hands and Mouths of their Priests and People as often as they celebrate Mass and consequently he is so far from being received into Heaven till the time of his second coming that he is according to their own Opinion received bodily upon Earth ten thousand times and in ten thousand places to his being once received bodily into Heaven Sure their Opinion is directly against the Scripture as sure as their Transubstantiation is directly against the best Sense and the best Reason with which Almighty God hath endowed the best of Men as has been clearly evidenced by many learned Discourses among which I would commend to your Perusal one lately published under the Title of A Discourse against Transubstantiation Printed this Year and sold by Mr. Aylmer at the Three Pigeons against the Royal Exchange Price Six Pence My Learned Adversary and indeed the Papists generally do urge us vehemently after this manner admitting that the Church is to follow the Rule of God's revealed Word in all her Definitions yet they hold it extreamly irrational that all that can read it should be his own Interpreter of it for so say they He will be his own Judge And as in a Nation where no Judge of the Law is appointed there can be no Justice but every man will be his own Judge so likewise unless there be a Supream Judge in Matters of Faith to wit the Church from whom no Appeal may be allowed there can be no end of Controversies c. This Objection is considerable to which I say 1. What my Adversary means by God's revealed Word I do not very well understand but I doubt he extends that Term farther than the Holy Scripture else I am sure enough the Church of Rome has no revealed Word of God to follow in very many of her Observations but to let this pass at present I answer to the Objection thus 2. It seems to be built upon many dangerous Suppositions such as these That we ought to rest upon the Sentence of a Priest for we must hear the Church out of his Mouth for the state of our Soul as on the Sentence of a Judge in a Civil Court for a matter of Debt c. and that we are no more bound to search the Scriptures for Eternal Life than to search the Statute-Book for our Temporal Life nay here I do them no wrong for they will permit us to read the Statute-Book but they forbid us to read the Holy Scripture It supposes
and these things come not lawfully but because they walk in the business of Darkness Behold now in Peace my bitterness is most bitter It hath been before bitter in the Death of Martyrs afterwards more bitter in Controversie with Hereticks now it is most bitter in the manners of those of our own House We can neither chase them away they are so mighty and multiplied without Number the Sores and Plagues of the Church are entred into the inward parts and are incurable and therefore is her Bitterness most bitter And in Psal 90. 6 11. O Lord Jesus thou hast multiplied the People but not encreased their Joy all the Christians almost do seek their own Profit they have removed the Offices to shameful Gain and into Works of Darkness and the Health of Souls is not searched for but the Pleasure of Vices Therefore are they shorn Therefore do they frequent Churches and sing Psalms They contend most impudently daily by Process for Bishopricks Arch-Bishopricks c. There remaineth nothing but that the Man of Sin the Son of Perdition be revealed And on the Conversion of St. Paul. Alas O Lord God for these are the first which do persecute thee whom we do see to love the highest Places in thy Church and do hold the Principality and by Power and strength have taken the Arches of Sion and afterward freely have set all the City on fire Their Conversation is miserable the Subversion of thy People is pitiful And speaking to the Pope he saith This Mortal Corruption hath not begun in thy days but I pray God it may end in thy time In the mean time thou art apparelled and decked up very gorgeously If I durst speak thy Seat is rather a Pack of Devils then of Sheep Did St. Peter do so Did St. Paul mock after that sort Behold the murmuring and complaint of all Churches they do cry out that they are cut in pieces and dismembred There are very few or almost none that do not fear the streak or Wound Thus far Bernard Let not then the Papists contemn or despise us because of some Defects in respect of Unity neither let us despise them because of the Discords which have been or are among them Let us beware of the cause of those Calamities and strive only for the true Form and due Power of Godliness then shall the Spirit of Hatred which hath inserted it self amongst Christians be rooted out and then shall that great Badge of Christianity unfeigned Love even the Love of God shed abroad in our Hearts by the Holy Ghost possess the Room of all our bitter Contentions That thus it may be is the Prayer of Your Loving Brother Thomas Grantham Written in the Year 1685. Post-Script Concerning the Original Manuscripts of the Holy Scriptures BRETHREN BEcause our Learned Adversaries are wont to amuse weak Christians by telling them they knew not the Originals c. I thought fit to transcribe part of what I have formerly printed in Answer to this specious Objection In the Introduction of my Book of Primitive Christianity how vain and pernicious this Talk is about the Original will appear when you consider That no man living ever saw the very Papers in which the Prophets and Apostles did write the first Draughts of the Holy Scriptures and therefore none have the Originals but only Copies of Scripture And let not this offend any Man for It seems to have been the best for all Christians that after many Copies are taken and spread in many Nations these first Draughts should not continue long for had any now but so much Confidence as to say they have these very first Sheets of Paper to show how might they trouble the whole World with such a Report and how might they abuse the World and all the Churches in the World at pleasure as by adding or taking away and who should correct the Original Suppose the Roman Church had those Manuscripts in their Hands what Mists might they cast upon the Nations and who could come to the sight of them to discover any such abuse and the same may be said of any other potent Party But now the Originals being no where to be found but yet a multitude of Copies extant and the same translated by multitudes of Men into several Languages by this means all are forced to be more peaceable than perhaps they are willing to be since they have only Copies of the Divine Oracles and others have Copies as well as they so that they can none of them pretend to have ever seen the Original and therefore can they less quarrel about their Copies Thus hath God's Wisdom disposed herein better for his Church than She could have thought or desired And it is worth observation that scarce any of the Churches to whom St. Paul wrote had the Original sent to them except the Galatians but had only certain Copies written by divers Hands For Instance The Epistle to the Hebrews was written by Timothy as 't is said in the Post-Script The Epistle to the Romans was written by Tertius Four Persons wrote the first Epistle to the Corinthians Post-Script Two Brethren wrote the Second Epistle Post-Script Tichicus and Onesimus wrote that to Colossus All these Churches had only Copies and for ought appears never saw the Originals And what if some of these Copies did accidentally vary some Word or Tittle are the Sacred Epistles ever the worse so long as the Holy Doctrine therein contained was not injured Can we think that when the Holy Apostles preached that they had still the very self-same Phrases This were idle to imagine and yet they had the self-same Gospel to preach in every Place I speak not this as if I approved of altering the Holy Writings no not in the least iota yet if accidentally in Transcribing or Printing there should be some such Failure I do not think that by and by that Copy were to be rejected or the Authority of the Scriptures therefore to be called in question that men might set up themselves above it Some under pretence of being the Church and others pretending the Spirit whilst they both reject the Church and the Spirit as held forth in and speaking by the Holy Scriptures A plain Instance of this we have in the Papists and most Paedo-Baptists who whilst they seem to admire General Councils Fathers c. they regard not the Decrees of the best Councils and Fathers which were held by the Apostles and Elders and Brethren at Jerusalem who among other things forbid the eating of things strangled and Blood which the Church observed for several hundred of years after for indeed they were delivered to the Churches to be kept not to be broken Acts 16. 1 2. and yet without all Conscience of these Decrees they feed upon Blood c. And on the other side how ridgidly do they impose the Decrees of the Trent Councils in the Case of Transubstantiation though never heard of before it was there invented insomuch as
they have punished with the cruelest Death such as in Conscience could not subscribe unto it God give them a better Vnderstanding and more Moderation for the future But ye Brethren as you have received these Holy Decrees among the rest of the Heavenly Rules left unto us by the most Antient Fathers even the Apostles of our Lord so walk in them and keep the Ordinances as they were delivered by them who received them of the Lord. Now the Lord increase our Faith that we may be able to stand fast in the Truth and to overcome all Difficulties So prays your Brother Thomas Grantham Hear the Church c. OR AN EPITOME OF THE CHIEF CONTROVERSIES BETWEEN THE PAPISTS AND THE Baptized Believers By THOMAS GRANTHAM Let that therefore abide in you which you have heard from the Beginning if that which ye have heard from the Beginning shall remain in you ye also shall continue in the Son and in the Father and this is the Promise which he hath Promised us even Eternal Life 1 John. Unto the perfect Words of the New-Testament nothing may be added and from which nothing may be taken away by him that will lead a Life agreeable to the Gospel Apollinar l. 5. c. 14. LONDON Printed in the Year 1687. THE EPISTLE TO THE READER Christian Friend IT is now about six and twenty years since it pleased a Learned Papist to send seven Queries to the People commonly called Anabaptists in the County of Lincoln about which many Papers were exchanged and in the Year 1662 some part of them were Printed under the Title of the Baptist against the Papist or the Scripture and Rome in Contention about the Supreme Seat of Judgment in Controversies of Religion To which the Querist never replied in Print but only sent me a few Notes in Manuscript which seven Queries with my seven Anti-queries I shall annex to this Epistle The Truth is I did then and do still look upon this sort of Christian-Adversaries so I call them to be the most subtil as well as coherent with their Principles keeping close to their Arguments and using all very much the same Mediums and were the Truth with them as in many things I am satisfied it is not this very thing would be their high Commendation But missing the Heavenly Mark more is the pity they must needs be the more dangerous wherein they stand opposed to the Truth of which being very sensible I cannot as I love plain Truth and the Souls of all Men but indeavour as much as in me is after a Christian sort to undeceive if it may be some of them and to prevent others from being deceived by them I speak not this as fearing them but as truly loving them as they bear the name of Christians and doubtless are as zealous in their way as any tho I do verily believe they are under the greatest mistakes of any that profâ—ss the Christian Religion except professed Enthusiasts That I treat them in Love is no new thing let my Words written more than twenty years since witness now in my Epistle to the Reader thus you find them Not that I envy those of the Papal Church or desire them any evil Not that I desire they should be exposed to a Suffering Condition for matters of Religion or that they should be denied any liberty in that Respect which I desire my self nor for any other prejudice God knoweth do I publish this small Treatise c. And what I said then I say now being verily perswaded by the Scripture and all good Principles which I could ever meet with that they and all men living soberly and quietly under the Government ought to have at least a friendly connivance under our differing sentiments from the established Form or Order of Worship c. But I am no Dictator I must leave these things to the pleasure of God and the prudence of our Governors only this is my Determination in Christ's strength to live and die faithful to what I know of the ways of Truth and to my own Conscience Praying constantly for the happiness of my Prince and all his peaceable Subjects Tho. Grantham Hear the Church The Third PART CONTAINING AN EPITOME OF THE Controversies depending between those who are commonly called PAPISTS and those commonly called ANA-BAPTISTS Occasioned by Seven Queries propounded by a Learned PAPIST LET the Christian Reader know that it is no idle Conceit of the Parts of the Author above his Brethren nor yet above his Adversaries many of whom are undoubtedly Men of very rare Parts and Accomplishments which moveth him thus to appear and to call forth all the Strength of Rome in Argument to defend their Church and Religion against the poor Baptized Churches in this Nation But it is only the Clear Evidence of Truth on their side as contained in the holy Oracles of God which gives Boldness to this great Undertaking Which in all due Humility Christian Love and yet with holy Confidence is thus attempted for a fair Trial of the Case or Cases depending between the Parties above mentioned In the Name of God therefore let us proceed to the Particulars of the Seven Queries sent to the Baptists by a Learned Papist which indeed contains the Sum of the Controversies between the said Parties Papist Query 1. Baptist Anti-query 1. Whether we are to resolve all Differences in point of Religion only out of the Written Word of God What Controversie in point of Religion can you resolve without the Written Word of God And whether the written Word of God be a perfect Rule for Matters of Religion The first Part of this Anti-query concludes in the Negative the latter Part in the Affirmative and affords as I think this undeniable Argument That which is the only perfect Rule to all Christians in the greatest Matters of Religion and that without which neither Christ the Church nor Christian Religion can be known is the only infallible Rule by which all Controversies in point of Religion are to be resolved But the Holy Scriptures are the only perfect Rule to all Christians in the greatest Matters of Religion and that without which neither Christ the Church nor Christian Religion can be known Ergo The Holy Scriptures are the only infallible Rule by which all Controversies in point of Religion among Christians are to be resolved Papist Query 2. Baptist Anti-query 2. How know you precisely what is the true Word of God Whether some Book must not of necessity speak for it self or be received for God's Word upon its own Evidence and whether the Holy Scriptures do not best deserve that privilege And whether it be not too great presumption to say There are no Holy Books but those which you and we have received for such seeing those which we have tell us there were other Holy Writings which never yet came to our Hands nor to yours Forasmuch as no Society of Christians in these days can bear witness to the truth of any
thing upon their own knowledg sight or hearing as the Apostles did 1 John 1. 2 Pet. 1. 16. for scarce so much as one hundred years and this their Testimony also being but of human Authority it remaineth of necessity that some Books of Record must be received upon the Authority of the Author in whose Name they speak and the Divine Evidence of the Matter contained in them and hence we argue the Sufficiency of the Scriptures own Authority to command our reception of them speaking to us in the Name of God and carrying in themselves Divine Evidences in respect of the matters therein contained Papist Query 3. Baptist Anti-query 3. How know you that your Copies and Translations of the Bible are the true Word of God since the Original Writings are not come to your Hands What Copies and Translations of the Scriptures have you that are more true than ours And where are the Original Manuscripts of the Prophets and Apostles Seeing it was not the Pleasure of the Divine Wisdom to preserve and present to all Nations the very first Pieces of Paper in which the Divine Oracles were written but rather to preserve many Copies and cause them to be spread throughout the World. And seeing no sort of Christians dare pretend to have Translated any of those Copies by an infallible Pen but only according to the best Skill they have acquired or learned in the Original Tongues It would better become all Learned Christians to bend their Minds to rectifie what they may any Imperfection or Mistake that may be in any of the Translations rather than by such Queries as this to open a Gap to Vnbelief and Irreligion And though much might be said by a captious Person against the English Translation of the Papists yet to prevent vain Jangling we refuse not to be tried in the Cases depending in these Queries and Anti-queries either by their Translation of the Bible or by that which is allowed by Authority And seeing no Papist is able to produce the prime Originals let them beware how they quarrel with our Copies lest some quarrel with theirs and â—so instead of Edification they bring forth nothing but vain Contention and show themselves ungrateful to God and mischievous to men For what man of any Modesty would upbraid another because he never saw the Original Writings when neither himself nor any man living ever saw them nor is ever like to see them Papist Query 4. Baptist Anti-query 4. Where we differ about the Sense of the Word by whom must we be tried The dead Letter cannot explain it self When we differ about the true Church or the Meaning of Authors be they Fathers or Councils by whom must we be tried These cannot speak for themselves more than the Scriptures And whether the Scriptures being compared together do not explain themselves Also whether this be not an opprobrious and ignominious Speech for you to call the Scripture a dead Letter And whether the true Lovers of the Scriptures ever vouchsafed them such ill and indeed improper Language Of all the Seven Queries this is the most difficult see what we have said to this Difficulty in our precedent Epistle Let the Papists prove themselves to be the true Church and the Contention about the Power of the Church to decide Differences which may arise about the Meaning of the Scriptures will with more ease be brought to a period In the mean time as we must every one give an account of our selves to God so it is the Duty of every Christian to labour to understand the Scriptures Mat. 24. 15. Pro. 22. 20 21. Papist Query 5. Baptist Anti-query 5. What clear Text have you out of the Scriptures for the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father and the Son Or for changing the Sabbath from Saturday to Sunday Or for prohibiting Poligamy or Infant-Baptism And whether there be not as clear Texts to prove unwritten Traditions Purgatory and the Real Presence Whether the Baptism of the true Church be not One And whether the one Baptism be not expresly found in the Scriptures and whether the Scriptures do not prohibit all Baptism of Water beside that one And whether the Papists have not confessed in many of their Books that Infant-Baptism is not found in nor grounded upon the Scripture And then whether it be not clear that all the Texts which speak of Baptism in Water do prohibit Infant-Baptism Also whether John 15. 26. 14. 26. 16. 7. be not clear Texts that the Holy Spirit proceedeth from the Father and the Son Also whether 1 Cor. 7. 1 2 3. do not as much prohibit one Man for having two Wives as one Woman for having two Husbands And whether it do not clearly prohibit the latter Also whether there be any thathold the First Day of the Week under the Notion of a Sabbath among the Baptized Churches and yet whether there be not clear proof for the Religious Observation of it Acts 20. 7. 1 Cor. 16. 2. Also whether it be not absurd for you to ask for clear Texts to prove unwritten things Also whether Purgatory and the Real Presence as you hold them are not plainly destructive to some Articles of the Christian Faith. For is not this the Faith of all sound Christians 1. That Almighty God does love no Creature in this World so much as the Creature Man nor does he take any Creature on Earth into that nearness of Vnion with himself as the Souls and Bodies of those that shall be saved 2. That the blessed Body of Christ after his Ascension into Glory admits of no Change either by Addition to his Substance of his Flesh and Blood or Diminution of any part thereof from either Now it is most certain that the Opinion of the Real Presence by Transubstantiation of Bread and Wine into the very Body and Blood of Christ God-Man doth evidently militate against these clear Truths with the greatest opposition as will appear by these Considerations following 1. Though the Love of God to Mankind especially to all that shall be saved is exceeding great yet it is certain he never died nor ever will SO take them into Union with himself AS to Transubstantiate their Bodies into the Divine Substance of Christ and so make their Flesh of the same Essence with himself as he is God Blessed for ever And therefore it is in no wise to be believed That God Almighty so loves the Creatures Bread and Wine as to turn or transubstantiate the very Substance of them into the very Substance of the only Son of God whom we believe to be of one Substance with the Father It is also further to be considered That though the two Natures in Christ i. e. the Divine and Human are united after an unspeakable manner yet no Christian does believe that God did transubstantiate the Substance of the Humane Nature into the Substance of the Divine Nature and that the Forms of Flesh and Blood only does remain How then is
unto this Church or the Guides of it unto whom our Blessed Saviour delivered that Mystical Doctrine which offended so many of his Disciples John 6. 53. Verily verily I say unto you Except ye eat the Flesh of the Son of Man and drink his Blood ye have no Life in you which yet cannot be rightly understood of a corporal eating his Flesh and drinking his Blood because he expresly says Verily verily I say unto you He that believeth on me hath everlasting life Verse 47. And it is certain there were many that did truly believe on him at that time among whom S. Peter and the rest that stood by him when so many forsook him Now these things must all be true 1. That none of Christ's Disciples had Life in them at that time but such as did eat the Flesh and drink the Blood of Christ 2. That S. Peter and the rest of the Faithful had eternal Life in them at that time 3. That the Lord's Table was not yet instituted And therefore from these Premises it follows that our Saviour speaks not here of his Disciples now eating and drinking his Flesh and Blood in the Lord's Table and therefore cannot with any shew of Truth or Reason be understood of eating his Flesh and drinking his Blood carnally or corporally but spiritually even by believing in him Of the several Orders of Ministry in this Mother-Church This Church was endowed with a three-fold Order of Ministry 1. Messengers or Apostles whose work was more especially to gather constitute and take care for the Church in general 2. Elders whose work was especially to feed the Flock committed to them in particular 3. Deacons whose work more especially was to take care of the Poor and to distribute the Alms of the Church to the ends for which they were given and consequently all Churches ought to maintain this Order of Ministry unless they can shew that God has repealed this Ministery in part or in whole 'T is true some things were pertinent to the Apostles here which were temporary and extraordinary which Churches in after-Ages are not to expect but it is also true that some things were ordinary and fixed in that Office for the continual use of the Church and therefore to remain for ever viz. Their care for all Churches their travels and labours to plant and settle new Churches their withstanding false Apostles as themselves are true Apostles Their authority to appease strife and contention which may arise among particular Pastors and Churches which things being demonstrated in our Christianismus Primitivus to which we refer we shall not here enlarge This part of the Apostolical Office was conferred on many in the Apostles days who were also entituled the Angels of the Churches Rev. 2. 1 c. which in English is Messenger of the Churches Of this Order was James the Lord's Brother in this Church at Jerusalem and such were Timothy Titus Sylvanus Andronicus and Junia with others A Ministry as needful as any both for the unity of Churches and the management of the most important affairs of the Gospel both in the Church and in the World as experience may convince men if nothing else will do it And here it were easie to bring in the full Test of the best Antiquity but this Letter will not bear it Of the Discipline or Government of this Mother-Church It was unto the Guides of this Cuhrch to whom our Blessed Lord first gave Rules for the Government of his Church Mat. 18. whence we learn that in cases of personal Trespasses and sins of Infirmity or Weakness all possible Love Patience and Charity should be exercised by one Christian towards another and the Offender upon confession of his fault forgiven unto seventy times seven Offences so abundantly should Charity appear among the Members of Christ But it was also in this Church where wilfull Iniquity was punished with great severity as the Hypocrisie and Deceit of Ananias and Saphira and the like severity was shewed against Simon Magus for his Pride and Covetousness in aspiring to a Ministry for which he was not qualified and to which he was not called by Heaven's Donation and due vocation from the Church without which woful experience hath taught the Chrian Nations that it is in vain by Money or for Mony to make Men Ministers in the Christian Church In this Church was held the first and best of General Councils for setling the Churches in peace when troubles did arise among themselves by means of false Teachers c. And because the Churches in all Ages and Nations may have perpetual need of such helps it shall not be amiss that we consider the Quality and Authority of such Assemblies lest otherwise we be abused by Usurpation and Tyranny and first of the occasion of the calling this present Assembly Acts 15. This Assembly was called upon the greatest occasion that ever was namely the Repealing or rather shewing the Repeal of many Divine Ordinances and freeing the Christian Church from their Obligation because they were either fulfilled or too burthensome for his Church as indeed St. Peter avers they were so heavie that neither they nor their Fathers were able to bear them And the endeavours of this Council was successful to the removal of them and the settlement of the Churches in the Faith and to the great encrease of their number Asts 16. From whence we may safely conclude that if Moses's Ceremonies which were from Heaven were a hindrance to Peace and growth in the Christian Church much more must all Ceremonies devised and imposed by Human Force and Power only be an obstruction to it Let us therefore stand fast in the Liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free and not be entangled in the Yoak of Bondage whether of Legal or other devised Ceremonies As for the quality of the persons of whom this Assembly did consist 't is plain they were Messengers Elders and Brethren and these did all freely deliberate upon the matters in question offering their Reasons pro contra and the Dicision was made not by the interposition of Power Apostolical but by the clear evidence of Truth and Reason to which they all agreed The Apostles acting here as Grave Fathers giving free Audience and faithful Advice to which when all agreed the conclusion was made in all their names as appears Acts 15. 22 23. Then pleased it the Apostles and Elders with the whole Church to send chosen men of their own Company to Antioch and wrote Letters by them after this manner The Apostles Elders and Brethren send greeting unto the Brethren which are of the Gentiles c. From the sweet concord here we suppose all Churches should do well to constitute their general Consistories of such seeing such helps she may have still in things ordinary to each Office if she render not her self unworthy of them Now for the quality and authority of the Decrees made by this or succeeding Assemblies the case is clear of
it self These were such things as seemed good to the Holy Ghost not that the Holy Ghost now revealed them but brought to remembrance what the Scriptures had said concerning them and partly by what before that time had been shewed unto St. Peter by a certain Vision of God's accepting the Gentiles though not cleansed according to Legal Purification And therefore till the Holy Ghost reverse those Decrees they are to oblige all Churches to keep them inviolable And in this point as indeed in all the rest the Baptized Churches in this Age do stand a witness against the disorder and disobedience of most of the Christian Nations in the World who make no Conscience of abstaining from Blood c. though they know the true Churches did Religiously observe these Decrees for several hundreds of years after Tertullian tells us The custom of Christians is to abstain from all Blood and things Strangled so that it is not lawful for them when they feed at their Tables to meddle with the Blood of any Beast It is further safely concluded from hence that all decrees of General Councils are so far obliging only as the things decreed are proved to be true and not because they are decreed in Council only for here St. Peter proves that Churches are free from the obligation of Legal Ceremonies because they wear a Burthen too heavy to be born 2. Because God had accepted them already without them And James the Angel of this Church proves or confirms the same by the Scriptures and these Arguments and Probations satisfied the Assembly And it 's certain the things prohibited by these decrees were always forbidden even to Noah and his perpetual Generations Gen. 9. 12 c. Nor does this Assembly excommunicate or anathematize all that shall doubt of the Necessity of their Determination but very sweetly tells the Brethren they shall do well to comply with their advice for they knew that every Church had Power to punish offenders and to them they seem to leave that Care and not to take the Power of any Church out of their Hands as the manner of some is Of the Case of Infants or whether they were admitted to Baptism in the Mother-Church In all that is said of the Plantation and growth of this famous Church or in that excellent Epistle which was a long time after written to them there is not one Word to be found of any one Infant being brought to Baptism and therefore we hold to the Negative of this Question and it is observable that though here Infant-Circumcision was absolutely excluded yet is there no Argument urged for it from their Baptism which had been very considerable had there been any such usage in this or the Gentile Churches And because it is granted now by many and these the most Learned too among whom the Papists that there is no Scripture for Infant-Baptism c. But that it stands upon the Authority of Ecclesiastical Tradition all that we shall say to that Plea in this place is to desire any Man to shew who delivered this thing to the Churches and by what Authority whether divine or human For seeing Tradition signifies a thing delivered it is fit the Person or Persons delivering such a thing should be known to be Persons lawfully impowered to deliver such a Tradition before we can with safety receive it But how then shall Infants be saved if Baptism belong not to them I answer out of the mouth of St. Peter Verse 11. By the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ they shall be saved And sure a man might as well ask how can Infants be saved without Faith and Repentance seeing it is said he that believeth not shall be damned and except ye repent ye shall all perish c. And what answer could any wise man make save this the grace of God sufficeth them having Christ's express word for it that to them belongs the Kingdom of Heaven and this he spake to unbaptized Infants too which is therefore so satisfactory that we need no other evidence If any man say the words which St. Peter spake in Council Acts 15. 11. are not meant of Infants and therefore not pertinent to my purpose I shall only desire him to consider that those words were spoken in opposition to this position That without Circumcision after the manner of Moses the Gentiles could not be saved Now we know it was after the manner of Moses to Circumcise Infants and therefore doubtless these false Teachers did question the salvation of Infants dying without Circumcision Therefore these words of St. Peter which teaches that by the Grace of our Lord Jesus Christ both Jew and Gentile shall be saved have their clear extent to Infants as well as to any other persons whatsoever I shall here only refer the Reader to what we have farther written in a Treatise upon this Subject entituled The Controversie about Infant-Church-Member-ship and Baptism epitomized Of the Reverence due to Saints Angels and to the Blessed Virgin in particular according to the usage of this Mother-Church It was in this Church where the Holy Virgin Mother of our Lord had her Conversation and Society being with that select Company consisting of an hundred and twenty names Acts 1. 15. among whom this most blessed Woman is expresly named and by whose Presence this Mother-Church was honoured above all others And here is the last mention that is made of her in the holy Scriptures And this honourable mention of her by name and as the Mother of our Lord which doubtless calls for great Reverence in the hearts of all God's People is all the honour that the Word of God does here confer upon her This Church makes no Prayers to her nor to Christ in her name nor taught the succeeding Churches to do so yet surely she was the greatest Saint that ever was and if we have no ground from any direction nor President in the Scripture to perform such Devotion to Her we cannot with any shew of Reason or pretence of Truth do it to any other Creatrue Saint or Angel whatsoever And it is remarkable that though this Church had occasion to make express mention of David in their Prayers Acts 4. 25. yet do they not use his Intercession at all But this Honour they give to Jesus Christ that through his Name such things might be done as might confirm the Truth against all Opposers Nor does the Holy Ghost give any notice of the Worshipping of Angels Saints nor the Holy Virgin in particular in that Sacred Epistle which was sent to this Church after the death of Blessed Mary the Mother of Jesus so that this Mother-Church seems altogether unacquainted with such Devotions And much more may we assure our selves they paid no such Devotion to the Images of these or of any of them If any affirm the contrary we answer them in the words of Jerom Non Credimus quia non Legimus And with Apollinarius we dare add nothing to