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A37246 The history of the civil wars of France written in Italian, by H.C. Davila ; translated out of the original.; Historia delle guerre civili di Francia. English Davila, Arrigo Caterino, 1576-1631.; Aylesbury, William, 1615-1656.; Cotterell, Charles, Sir, d. 1701.; L'Estrange, Roger, Sir, 1616-1704. 1678 (1678) Wing D414; ESTC R1652 1,343,394 762

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the Duke of Mayenne and imputed it to his ambition and malignity that the Infanta and the Duke of Guise were not elected yet he affirmed he had tyed him up in such a manner that he should never conclude an agreement with the King of Navarre and that he had taken a secret Oath to that purpose in a Writing signed by him the Dukes of Aumale and Elboeuf the Count of Brissac the Mareshals of Rosne and St. Paul and many others of the principal men a Copy of which Writing was inclosed in the same Letters wherefore Villeroy going to the King to treat on still about the Peace he would do nothing else but shew him the Letters and the Writings whereof he also gave him a Copy to shew the Duke of Mayenne who not being able to deny but that the Oath was true excused himself yet for it with saying that he had always intended to conclude the Peace with a reservation of the Popes consent and if he should approve it he was then immediately loosened from the obligation of that Oath nor did the sight of the evil which the Legat wrote concerning him at all withdraw him from his resolution for he interpreted those to be old opinions and that the new orders from Spain had varied all things wherefore applying himself to join close with the Spanish Ministers from the Treaty of Peace he came to negotiate the prolonging of the Truce to give things time to ripen nor was it hard to obtain the lengthening of it for the other two months November and December because the King also desired before he moved any farther to know the event of the Duke of Nevers Embassy and the Popes resolution But this accommodation made up betwixt the Duke of Mayenne and the Spaniards made the Pope more wayward to the Kings entreaties not being willing to admit his reconciliation whilst he doubted the French of the League would not follow his judgment but continue the War being united with Spain it being fit for the reputation of the Apostolick See for the security of Religion and for the satisfaction of the World that he should be the most wary the most constant and the last man that should approve the King's conversion lest those mischiefs which might proceed from the establishment of a K. not yet well setled in his Religion should be imputed to his lightness and cred●lity wherefore the Duke of Nevers being come ●ear to Rome he sent Possevi●o to him again to let him know he intended not he should s●ay above ten dayes in the City and that he had forbidde● all the Cardinals either ●o see him or treat with him which things though they seemed wonderful hard to the Duke yet being resolved to prosecute the business to the utmost and believing all these were but shews to set a higher price upon his favour he went on and ent●red privately into Rome at Porta del Borgo upon the twentieth day of November He went the same evening privately to kiss the Pope's feet and at the first audience desired only that his time migh● be prolonged the term of ten dayes being too short to treat of a matter of so great moment and that he might have leave to visit the Cardinals and to deliver the Letters he had to them from the King offering to treat of that business in the presence of the King of Spain's Ambassadors and of the Duke of May●nne's Agents and to shew them that a King of France could not but be received who humbly suing and being converted desired to return unto the obedience of the Church He had no other answer from the Pope but that he would consult with ●he Cardinals and with ●heir Council would resolve but in his following audiences the Duke endeavoured with many reasons and great eloquence to perswade the Pope first of all that as being Pope and the Vicar of Christ he could not reject one who being conver●ed return●d into the bosome of the Church and then that as a prudent experienced Prince he ought not to refuse the obedience of the stronger and more powerful party and finally that as a Protector of the Common liberty he ought not to permit that the Kingdom of France by the continuance of a rui●●●● desperate War should run the hazard of being divided and dismembred with manifest danger of the libe●ty of all Christian Princes and particularly of the See of Rome He enlarged himself upon the first ●oint with proofs of Scripture and with many examples and authorities of the Primitive Church and the Fathers but knowing the difficulty did not consist in that he enlarged hi●self much more in the other two and thinking the Pope persisted to be so obd●rate particularly because he doubted of the King's Forces and that the Catholicks of the League united with the King of Spain were strong enough to suppress him he took much pains to shew that the major part of th● Parliaments of France all the Princes except those of the House of Lorain the flower of the Nobility and two thirds of the Kingdom followed his party that his adversaries were few and of mean quality disagreeing among themselves and full of desperation so that to the King 's perfect establishment and the total quiet of the Kingdom there wanted nothing but the consent of the Apostolick See and the benediction of his Holiness He reckoned up all the King's Victories which did indeed proceed from his valour but also from the power and strength of the Nobility and people that followed him he exaggerated the weakness of the Spaniards who might well keep the Civil dissentions alive by art and industry but could not sustain them by force of Arms. He strove to shew the articles and artifices they used and that their aim was to usurp the Kingdom as they had lately discovered their secret in the proposition of the Infanta he excited the piety and justice of the Pope not to make himself author of violating the Salique-Lam and the other fundamental ones of the Kingdom not to assist those who laboured to dispoile the lawful blood of the Crown and finally not to permit that discords should be sowed under his name to the utter ruine of the foundations of a most Christian Kingdom and first born of the Holy Church Last of all he concluded that he brought along with him some of those Prelates who had given the King absolution and who desired to present themselves at his feet to give him an account of what had been done their mindes giving them that they should make him clearly see they had not swerved from the obedience of the Apostolick See nor from the rites and customes of it and that what they had done was conformable to the Sacred Canons and the mind of the Holy Church The Pope was constant in his determination and though the Dukes reasons moved him yet being resolved howsoever not to be too hasty and so much the rather because the Duke
and believing after their own fashion and now the most Christian Kingdom and first-born of the Church was ready to turn Schismatick to separate it self from the obedience of the Apostolick See and the Faith of Christ only to satisfie the capritious humours of a few seditious persons Upon this subject he so enlarged himself with his wonted eloquence by which he used to prevail in all disputes that not any of the Hugonots favourers being able to answer the reasons he alledged but the King of Navarre holding his peace the Queen-mother not replying a word and the Chancellor startled and confounded it was resolved with great alacrity of all the Council who were exceedingly scandalized at the excessive license of the Hugonots that forthwith all the principal Officers of the Crown should assemble at the Parliament at Paris there in the Kings presence to debate these matters and resolve upon such remedies as were most necessary for the future It was impossible to hinder them from coming to the Parliament which was appointed upon the thirteenth day of Iuly for the King of Navarre durst not openly oppose it lest by declaring himself a Hugonot he should gain many Enemies and the Queen-Mother although she desired not to see the Catholick party increase in strength yet she was very much perplext in mind and above all things apprehensive lest the advancement and establishment of heresie should be imputed to her The contestations in the Parliament were very great and although the Protectors of the Hugonots employed their uttermost endeavours to obtain them a Decree for Liberty of Conscience by which Declaration they pretended that these stirs and dissentions would cease yet all was in vain For indeed it being clearly not only against the intention and authority of the Catholick Church but also contrary to the ancient customs of the Kingdom and the Councellors of the Parliament being exasperated by the continual complaints which were brought them from all parts against the insurrection of the Hugonots It was with a general consent expresly ordered that the Ministers should be expelled out of the Kingdom with a prohibition to use any other rites or ceremonies in Religion than what were held and taught by the Roman Church and all Assemblies and Meetings forbidden in any place either armed or unarmed unless in the Catholick Churches to hear Divine Service according to the usual ●ustom And to give some balance to the other party the same Edict contained that all Delinquencies found in matter of Religion before the publication thereof should be pardoned and that for the future all accusations or complaints of Heresie should be brought to the Bishops their Vicars or Surrogates and the Civil Magistrates to be assisting to them upon all occasions and that they should not proceed against those convict of Heresie further than banishment but abstain from any corporal punishment or effusion of blood This Deliberation comprehended in a solemn Edict approved and subscribed by the King the Queen and all the Princes and Lords of both Factions absolutely restrained the liberty of Religion and gave heart to the Catholick party which was not a little dejected But the Prince of Conde and the Admiral grieving at the depression of the Hugonots in whose number and force they had founded the strength of their Faction not able other ways to hinder the execution of the Edict which being imbraced with great affection by the Parliaments and the greater parts of the inferiour Magistrates they durst not oppose they advised to procure that the Calvinist Ministers should desire a conference in the Kings presence accompanied with his Prelates to propose and examine the Articles of their Doctrine hoping by indirect ways to bring it so about as again to introduce a liberty of Religion This demand of the Hugonots was opposed by many of the Catholick Prelates and in particular by the Cardinal of Tournon shewing that it was useless to dispute matters of Faith with men so extreamly obstinate and who persisted in opinions condemned by the Holy Church yet if they had a mind to have their reasons heard they might address themselves to the General Council at Trent where under safe conduct they should be permitted to propose and dispute their opinions But the Cardinal of Lorain was not against it either moved through hope by evident reasons to convince the Doctrine of the Hugonots and by that means disabuse the Consciences of simple people or set on as those that were emulous said with the vanity to shew his learning and eloquence and to render himself in such a publick Assembly so much the more eminent and renowned Howsoever his intentions were certain it is that he not contradicting the Ministers demand drew to his opinion the other Prelates and finally they all consented to the King of Navarre who being desirous to hear a solemn dispute for the setling of his own Conscience sollicited it with great earnestness in favour of the Hugonots Safe conducts then being sent to the Ministers that were retired to Geneva and Poissy a Town five leagues from Paris appointed the place for the conference besides the King and the Court there came thither on the Catholick party the Cardinals of Tournon Lorain Bourbon Armagnac and Guise and with the Bishops and Prelates of best esteem many Doctors of the Sorbon and other Divines sent for from the most famous Universities of the Kingdom There appeared for the Hugonots Theodore Beza head of all the rest Peter Martyr Vermeilo Francis de St. Paul Iohn Raimond and Iohn Virelle with many other Preachers which came some from Geneva some out of Germany and other neighbouring places There Theodore Beza with great flourishes of Rhetorick having first proposed his opinions and the Cardinal of Lorain with strength of Reason and authority of Scripture and of the Fathers of the holy Church strongly opposed him The Council of State thought it not fit that the King who being but young and not yet able to judge or discern of the truth should come any more to the Disputation lest he should be infected with some opinions less exact or less conformable to the Doctrines of the Catholick Church Wherefore the Dispute from being publick by degrees grew more private and finally after many meetings brake off without any conclusion or benefit at all The Catholick party got only this advantage that the King of Navarre himself remained little satisfied with the Hugonots having discovered that the Ministers agreed not amongst themselves about that Doctrine which they too unanimously preached but that some followed strictly Calvin's Opinions others inclined to the Doctrine of Ecolampadius and Luther some adhering to the Helvetian Confession others to the Augustan at which uncertainties being very much troubled from thence forward he began to leave them and incline to the Roman Religion But the Hugonots got much greater advantage by the Conference to which end only they desired it For being departed from the Diet they