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scripture_n authority_n book_n canonical_a 4,448 5 10.7889 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A06606 A treatise of the iudge of controuersies. Written in Latin, by the R. Father Martinus Becanus of the Society of Iesus, Professour in Diuinity. And Englished by W.W. Gent; De judice controversiarum. English Becanus, Martinus, 1563-1624.; Wright, William, 1563-1639. 1619 (1619) STC 1707; ESTC S101284 69,267 198

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natural_a water_n for_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v call_v fire_n as_o in_o s._n luke_n he_o shall_v baptize_v 1●_n lue._n 3._o v._o 1●_n you_o in_o spirit_n and_o fire_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o understand_v of_o true_a fire_n therefore_o how_o can_v it_o appear_v that_o in_o the_o former_a place_n true_a water_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v or_o how_o will_v the_o lutheran_n prove_v it_o against_o the_o caluinist_n not_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n then_o by_o the_o practice_n order_n and_o tradition_n of_o the_o church_n another_o christ_n in_o his_o last_o supper_n do_v not_o only_o institute_v the_o bless_a sacrament_n but_o also_o he_o adjoin_v the_o wash_n of_o foot_n and_o in_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o bless_a sacrament_n he_o say_v eat_v and_o drink_v but_o in_o the_o wash_n of_o eete_a and_o you_o ought_v one_o to_o wash_v the_o foot_n of_o another_o here_o the_o adversary_n say_v that_o in_o the_o first_o word_n there_o be_v a_o precept_n but_o not_o in_o the_o last_o and_o so_o the_o faithful_a by_o god_n commandment_n be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v the_o bless_a sacrament_n in_o both_o kind_n but_o not_o so_o to_o the_o wash_n of_o foot_n now_o i_o ask_v how_o they_o be_v certain_a of_o this_o or_o by_o what_o pretence_n do_v they_o think_v themselves_o bind_v to_o the_o receive_n of_o both_o kynde_n and_o yet_o free_a from_o the_o wash_n of_o foot_n certain_o they_o can_v pretend_v the_o word_n of_o scripture_n for_o they_o seem_v rather_o to_o show_v the_o contrary_n for_o these_o word_n eat_v and_o drink_v seem_v to_o signify_v no_o more_o of_o themselves_o then_o if_o a_o housekeeper_n shall_v say_v to_o his_o guest_n eat_v and_o drink_v and_o be_v merry_a and_o if_o the_o housekeeper_n shall_v say_v so_o it_o will_v not_o be_v think_v that_o be_v mean_v thereby_o to_o bind_v they_o by_o a_o precept_n therefore_o see_v christ_n speak_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n how_o be_v it_o certain_a that_o he_o intend_v by_o that_o manner_n of_o 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lib._n post_fw-la collation_n cap._n 7._o church_n be_v that_o the_o son_n who_o be_v not_o partaker_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o his_o father_n shall_v not_o carry_v the_o iniquity_n of_o his_o father_n but_o if_o he_o be_v partaker_n of_o it_o he_o shall_v of_o necessity_n carry_v it_o but_o now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o adam_n posterity_n be_v partaker_n of_o his_o sin_n according_a to_o that_o of_o s._n paul_n in_o who_o all_o sin_v but_o in_o what_o manner_n 12_o rom._n 5._o 12_o all_o sin_v in_o adam_n be_v to_o be_v teach_v in_o another_o place_n yet_o here_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o say_v that_o all_o sin_v in_o adam_n because_o god_n condition_v with_o he_o as_o with_o the_o first_o origin_n common_a roar_v &_o head_n of_o his_o whole_a posterity_n that_o if_o the_o commandment_n which_o god_n have_v give_v he_o to_o wit_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o taste_v of_o the_o fruit_n forbid_v both_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n shall_v remain_v in_o paradise_n but_o if_o not_o 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what_o signify_v this_o whosoever_o shall_v ibidem_fw-la gen._n 4._o 15._o epist_n 124._o 125._o inter_fw-la epist_n hiero._n ibidem_fw-la kill_v cain_n shall_v be_v punish_v seven_o fold_n 2._o if_o all_o thing_n which_o god_n have_v make_v be_v very_o good_a to_o what_o end_n do_v he_o command_v noë_n to_o take_v into_o the_o ark_n as_o well_o those_o beast_n which_o be_v unclean_a as_o those_o which_o be_v clean_o since_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v good_a which_o be_v unclean_a 3._o wherefore_o do_v abraham_n receive_v circumcision_n for_o a_o sign_n or_o seal_n of_o his_o faith_n and_o wherefore_o do_v isaac_n though_o ibid._n ibid._n a_o just_a man_n and_o dear_a to_o god_n deceive_v by_o error_n bless_v not_o who_o he_o will_v but_o who_o he_o will_v not_o 4._o what_o be_v the_o interpretation_n of_o isay_n 142._o epist_n 142._o the_o prophet_n
a_o treatise_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o controversy_n write_a in_o latin_a by_o the_o r._n father_n martinus_n becanus_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n professor_n in_o divinity_n and_o english_v by_o w._n w._n gent._n ihs_n permissu_fw-la superiorum_fw-la m._n dc_o xix_o the_o printer_n to_o the_o reader_n gentle_a reader_n have_v peruse_v this_o short_a treatise_n translate_v into_o english_a and_o send_v unto_o i_o by_o a_o friend_n i_o be_v straight_o move_v with_o earnest_a desire_n to_o set_v the_o same_o forth_o in_o print_n hope_v that_o many_o will_v reap_v great_a benefit_n by_o read_v it_o &_o come_v to_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o may_v nest_n of_o the_o controversye_n that_o now_o disturb_v the_o christian_a world_n yea_o such_o a_o controversy_n as_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o all_o truth_n &_o contrariwise_o error_n therein_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o contention_n for_o if_o both_o side_n protestant_n as_o well_n as_o catholic_n will_v admit_v 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headstrong_a even_o in_o gross_a &_o palpable_a error_n that_o a_o man_n who_o capacity_n will_v scarce_o serve_v he_o to_o utter_v five_o word_n in_o sensible_a manner_n blush_v not_o in_o any_o doubt_n concern_v matter_n of_o scripture_n to_o think_v his_o own_o bare_a yea_o as_o good_a as_o the_o nay_o of_o all_o the_o wise_a grave_a and_o learned_a judgment_n that_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a world_n which_o insolency_n must_v be_v repress_v or_o it_o will_v be_v the_o bane_n of_o christian_a religion_n thus_o he_o this_o insolent_a doctrine_n be_v in_o this_o treatise_n solide_o brief_o &_o perspicuous_o confute_v and_o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o live_a judge_n assist_v by_o god_n special_a providence_n infailible_o to_o decide_v the_o controversye_n of_o religion_n be_v so_o clear_o demonstrate_v that_o i_o conceive_v great_a hope_n that_o many_o by_o the_o perusal_n thereof_o will_v cast_v off_o the_o foresay_a proud_a heretical_a persuasion_n which_o themselves_o be_v force_v to_o 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isa_n 8._o 20_o in_o the_o prophet_n isaias_n to_o the_o law_n and_o testimony_n the_o same_o also_o do_v christ_n in_o the_o 39_o joan._n 5._o 39_o new_a when_o he_o say_v search_v the_o scripture_n and_o the_o man_n of_o beroea_n follow_v this_o counsel_n of_o christ_n of_o who_o it_o be_v write_v that_o they_o be_v daily_o search_v the_o 11._o act._n 17._o 11._o scripture_n if_o these_o thing_n be_v so_o second_o because_o god_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n have_v command_v that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v add_v to_o the_o scripture_n 2._o deut._n 4._o 2._o you_o shall_v not_o add_v to_o the_o word_n say_v he_o that_o i_o speak_v to_o you_o and_o again_o what_o i_o command_v 32._o deut_n 12._o 32._o thou_o that_o only_o do_v to_o our_o lord_n neither_o add_v any_o thing_n nor_o diminish_v likewise_o christ_n himself_o and_o his_o apostle_n in_o the_o new_a law_n do_v condemn_v all_o tradition_n &_o will_v have_v we_o to_o be_v satisfy_v with_o scripture_n only_o as_o in_o s._n matthew_n you_o have_v 6._o mat._n 15._o 6._o make_v frustrate_v the_o commandment_n of_o god_n for_o your_o tradition_n and_o again_o i_o persecute_v the_o 13._o galat._n 1._o 13._o church_n of_o god_n say_v s._n paul_n be_v more_o abundant_o a_o emulatour_n of_o the_o tradition_n of_o my_o sorefathers_n and_o also_o beware_v lest_o any_o 8._o colloss_n 2._o 8._o man_n seduce_v you_o by_o philosophy_n and_o vain_a fallacy_n according_a to_o the_o tradition_n of_o man_n three_o because_o s._n paul_n plain_o do_v confess_v that_o only_a scripture_n by_o itself_o be_v sufficient_a when_o he_o say_v all_o 16._o 2._o tim._n 3._o 16._o scripture_n inspire_v of_o god_n be_v profitable_a to_o teach_v to_o argue_v to_o convert_v to_o instruct_v in_o justice_n that_o the_o man_n of_o god_n may_v be_v perfect_a instruct_v to_o every_o good_a work_n and_o the_o same_o apostle_n accurse_v they_o who_o think_v that_o any_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o scripture_n if_o any_o say_v he_o 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c._n 16._o §._o 10._o 11._o &_o catechism_n hidelberg●_n quaest_n 44._o they_o take_v the_o latter_a in_o this_o sense_n thou_o shall_v not_o leave_v my_o carcase_n in_o the_o grave_n what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v here_o to_o what_o judge_n shall_v we_o appeal_v if_o we_o ask_v counsel_n of_o the_o scripture_n it_o will_v say_v the_o same_o that_o it_o say_v before_o it_o will_v not_o add_v so_o much_o as_o any_o one_o jot_n to_o that_o set_v down_o now_o of_o that_o which_o be_v say_v before_o be_v the_o controversy_n which_o can_v never_o be_v end_v by_o that_o which_o be_v say_v before_o if_o then_o after_o the_o controversy_n begin_v the_o scripture_n say_v no_o new_a thing_n at_o all_o but_o remain_v still_o in_o the_o same_o ancient_a term_n true_o by_o it_o the_o contention_n can_v be_v decide_v but_o of_o necessity_n we_o must_v either_o go_v to_o some_o other_o judge_n or_o one_o of_o the_o party_n contend_v must_v yield_v voluntary_o or_o else_o they_o be_v force_v still_o to_o continue_v in_o their_o endless_a strife_n and_o contention_n the_o other_o argument_n be_v this_o there_o be_v many_o testimony_n of_o the_o scripture_n which_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v interpret_v according_a to_o the_o true_a sense_n but_o by_o the_o authority_n and_o tradition_n of_o the_o church_n therefore_o if_o a_o controversy_n shall_v arise_v about_o these_o testimony_n the_o scripture_n only_o can_v be_v judge_n but_o we_o ought_v to_o fly_v to_o the_o tradition_n &_o authority_n of_o the_o church_n as_o for_o example_n christ_n say_v teach_v you_o all_o nation_n baptise_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n and_o of_o the_o son_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n the_o true_a and_o lawful_a sense_n be_v that_o in_o baptism_n we_o be_v to_o pronounce_v these_o word_n i_o baptize_v thou_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n and_o of_o the_o son_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o that_o baptism_n without_o such_o a_o verbal_a and_o express_a pronunciation_n of_o those_o word_n be_v no_o true_a baptism_n we_o and_o our_o adversary_n agree_v in_o this_o but_o if_o one_o shall_v deny_v this_o to_o be_v the_o sense_n and_o shall_v say_v that_o these_o word_n be_v not_o needful_a in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n and_o the_o holy_a ghost_n but_o that_o a_o inward_a will_n and_o intention_n of_o baptise_v he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n be_v sufficient_a how_o shall_v he_o be_v confute_v only_o out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o scripture_n nothing_o less_o see_v the_o word_n be_v these_o baptise_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n etc._n etc._n where_o there_o be_v not_o any_o vocal_a invocation_n of_o the_o bless_a trinity_n insinuate_v to_o be_v of_o necessity_n from_o whence_o have_v we_o then_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o from_o the_o practice_n and_o tradition_n of_o the_o church_n if_o thou_o do_v reject_v this_o thou_o shall_v not_o have_v help_n against_o the_o adversary_n who_o shall_v deny_v the_o pronounce_v of_o these_o word_n to_o be_v necessary_a another_o example_n be_v this_o christ_n say_v unless_o a_o man_n be_v bear_v again_o of_o water_n and_o spirit_n he_o can_v enter_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n this_o place_n according_a to_o the_o true_a and_o lawful_a sense_n be_v understand_v of_o the_o necessity_n of_o baptism_n with_o water_n as_o the_o lutheran_n themselves_o do_v confess_v yet_o the_o caluinist_n notwithstanding_o deny_v it_o how_o therefore_o can_v they_o be_v confute_v of_o the_o lutheran_n true_o not_o out_o of_o the_o word_n allege_v for_o although_o water_n be_v name_v there_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o express_o name_v as_o though_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o true_a and_o
a_o sacrament_n luther_n indeed_o do_v thus_o define_v it_o a_o sacrament_n be_v a_o promise_n annex_v to_o a_o external_a sign_n melancthon_n thus_o a_o sacrament_n be_v a_o rite_n which_o have_v the_o commandment_n of_o god_n to_o which_o be_v adjoin_v a_o promise_n of_o grace_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o free_a reconciliation_n or_o remission_n of_o sin_n as_o he_o explicate_v himself_o caluin_n in_o this_o manner_n a_o sacrament_n be_v a_o outward_a sign_n by_o the_o which_o ●_o calu._n l._n 4._o instit_fw-la cap._n 14._o §._o ●_o our_o lord_n do_v seal_v to_o our_o conscience_n the_o promise_n of_o his_o good_a will_n to_o underprop_v the_o weakness_n of_o our_o faith_n but_o very_o none_o of_o all_o these_o definition_n be_v in_o the_o scripture_n nay_o one_o of_o they_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o another_o for_o luther_n in_o his_o definition_n say_v that_o the_o promise_n be_v of_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o sacrament_n melancthon_n hould_v that_o it_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o sacrament_n but_o caluin_n insinuate_v in_o his_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o sacrament_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v annex_v and_o add_v to_o the_o promise_n and_o not_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o god_n good_a will_n towards_o us._n therefore_o according_a to_o melancthon_n thus_o the_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v express_v if_o any_o shall_v receive_v the_o sacrament_n of_o baptism_n or_o of_o the_o eucharist_n he_o i_o promise_v the_o remission_n of_o his_o sin_n but_o according_a to_o caluin_n in_o this_o manner_n god_n have_v promise_v to_o you_o remission_n of_o sin_n and_o life_n everlasting_a and_o this_o promise_n he_o declare_v and_o seal_v by_o the_o sacrament_n three_o whatsoever_o be_v to_o be_v think_v of_o these_o definition_n which_o our_o adversary_n have_v new_o invent_v how_o will_v they_o show_v out_o of_o the_o scripture_n that_o they_o agree_v to_o baptism_n and_o the_o eucharist_n i_o for_o my_o part_n see_v not_o but_o let_v we_o try_v one_o definition_n be_v this_o a_o sacrament_n be_v a_o rite_n which_o have_v a_o commandment_n of_o god_n to_o which_o be_v annex_v a_o promise_n of_o remission_n of_o sin_n let_v our_o adversaries_n prove_v out_o of_o scripture_n that_o this_o definition_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o eucharist_n let_v they_o prove_v i_o say_v this_o out_o of_o scripture_n that_o the_o eucharist_n have_v a_o promise_n of_o remission_n of_o sin_n annex_v unto_o it_o or_o that_o which_o be_v all_o one_o that_o god_n in_o the_o scripture_n do_v promise_v we_o remission_n of_o our_o sin_n if_o we_o receive_v this_o sacrament_n they_o can_v never_o prove_v it_o for_o this_o sacrament_n be_v not_o ordain_v of_o god_n to_o remit_v a_o man_n his_o sin_n or_o to_o make_v of_o a_o wicked_a man_n or_o a_o sinner_n a_o just_a &_o holy_a man_n but_o rather_o it_o be_v institute_v to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v nourish_v confirm_v and_o increase_v that_o justice_n grace_n and_o sanctity_n which_o be_v in_o he_o before_o he_o receive_v this_o sacrament_n nay_o rather_o it_o be_v so_o far_o off_o from_o remit_v of_o sin_n as_o it_o be_v pernicious_a to_o a_o sinner_n if_o he_o come_v to_o it_o know_v himself_o guilty_a of_o deadly_a sin_n hence_o it_o be_v of_o the_o apostle_n to_o the_o corinthian_n but_o let_v a_o man_n prove_v himself_o and_o so_o let_v he_o eat_v of_o that_o bread_n and_o drink_v of_o that_o chalice_n for_o he_o that_o eat_v and_o drink_v unworthy_o eat_v &_o drink_v judgement_n to_o himself_o and_o christ_n in_o his_o last_o supper_n will_v not_o give_v the_o eucharist_n to_o his_o apostle_n before_o he_o have_v wash_v their_o foot_n to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o none_o unless_o they_o be_v wash_v pure_a and_o free_a from_o all_o mortal_a sin_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o holy_a table_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o sacrament_n for_o what_o be_v the_o eucharist_n but_o a_o kind_n of_o spiritual_a meat_n and_o drink_v by_o the_o which_o our_o soul_n be_v refresh_v and_o make_v strong_a for_o my_o flesh_n say_v christ_n be_v true_o meat_n and_o my_o blood_n be_v true_o drink_v and_o therefore_o as_o corporal_a meat_n and_o drink_n do_v not_o profit_v the_o body_n unless_o it_o be_v alive_a even_o so_o neither_o the_o eucharist_n do_v help_v the_o soul_n unless_o it_o be_v void_a of_o sin_n which_o be_v the_o death_n of_o the_o soul_n the_o three_o controversy_n be_v whether_o exorcism_n and_o other_o ceremony_n use_v in_o the_o catholic_a church_n may_v be_v admit_v in_o baptism_n that_o lutheran_n admit_v they_o the_o caluinist_n reject_v they_o yet_o neither_o of_o they_o both_o can_v confirm_v their_o opinion_n out_o scripture_n not_o the_o lutheran_n because_o the_o scripture_n in_o no_o place_n make_v mention_v that_o such_o ceremony_n ought_v to_o be_v use_v but_o only_o we_o receive_v they_o from_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o church_n of_o the_o which_o thus_o s._n augustine_n write_v by_o the_o most_o ancient_a tradition_n of_o the_o church_n say_v he_o child_n be_v exercise_v 29._o aug_n l._n 2._o the_o nupt_a &_o concup_n cap._n 29._o and_o breathe_v upon_o that_o they_o may_v be_v translate_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o christ_n from_o the_o power_n of_o darkness_n not_o the_o caluinist_n without_o it_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n no_o ceremony_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o church_n but_o those_o of_o the_o which_o there_o be_v express_a command_n in_o the_o scripture_n but_o there_o be_v no_o command_n of_o the_o ceremony_n which_o the_o catholic_n use_v in_o baptism_n therefore_o such_o ceremony_n be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v but_o the_o mayor_n be_v both_o false_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o caluinist_n themselves_o for_o the_o caluinist_n do_v use_v many_o ceremony_n in_o baptism_n of_o the_o which_o there_o be_v no_o command_n in_o the_o whole_a suripture_n such_o be_v these_o 1._o that_o the_o infant_n must_v be_v baptize_v before_o all_o the_o people_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v on_o a_o sunday_n or_o some_o other_o day_n when_o the_o people_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v together_o 2._o that_o they_o who_o bring_v the_o infant_n to_o be_v baptize_v shall_v be_v ask_v whether_o they_o will_v promise_v to_o instruct_v the_o child_n in_o faith_n and_o manner_n after_o he_o shall_v grow_v to_o perfect_a age_n 3._o that_o a_o name_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o infant_n who_o be_v baptize_v 4._o that_o the_o form_n of_o baptism_n shall_v be_v pronounce_v in_o their_o country_n language_n 5._o that_o the_o creed_n our_o lord_n prayer_n &_o other_o also_o shall_v be_v recite_v which_o ceremony_n caluin_n prescribe_v in_o a_o little_a book_n treat_v of_o the_o form_n of_o minister_a the_o sacrament_n but_o where_o i_o pray_v you_o be_v command_v in_o scripture_n baptism_n ought_v to_o be_v minister_v certain_o in_o no_o place_n hence_o therefore_o follow_v that_o either_o they_o must_v reject_v all_o those_o their_o ceremony_n or_o else_o grant_v that_o all_o those_o which_o we_o use_v be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v condemn_v because_o they_o be_v not_o express_o command_v in_o scripture_n the_o four_o controversy_n whether_o those_o who_o be_v baptize_v of_o heretic_n be_v to_o be_v baptize_v again_o s._n crprian_n in_o time_n past_o who_o be_v bishop_n of_o carthage_n do_v affirm_v it_o with_o some_o other_o but_o s._n augustine_n do_v deny_v it_o and_o follow_v that_o doctrine_n which_o be_v more_o true_a the_o which_o he_o do_v defend_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n then_o by_o the_o apostolical_a tradition_n &_o practice_v of_o the_o church_n for_o so_o he_o write_v against_o the_o donatist_n which_o custom_n say_v he_o to_o wit_v that_o baptism_n may_v not_o be_v iterate_v i_o believe_v to_o have_v proceed_v 7._o aug._n l._n 2._o cont_n donat_n c._n 7._o out_o of_o the_o apostolical_a tradition_n and_o again_o that_o custom_n which_o be_v oppose_v against_o cyprian_a be_v to_o be_v believe_v to_o have_v receive_v it_o beginning_n from_o the_o apostolical_a tradition_n to_o the_o which_o cyprian_n do_v not_o yield_v because_o it_o seem_v to_o he_o utter_o destitute_a of_o any_o authority_n from_o the_o scripture_n there_o be_v many_o other_o such_o like_a controversy_n which_o can_v be_v decide_v out_o of_o scripture_n alone_o but_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n have_v some_o other_o judge_n which_o here_o i_o will_v brief_o point_v to_o 1._o whether_o baptism_n may_v be_v give_v by_o one_o dip_v 2._o whether_o christian_n may_v worship_n sunday_n in_o place_n of_o the_o sabboath_n 3._o whether_o our_o lady_n remain_v a_o virgin_n after_o her_o childbirth_n 4._o whether_o s._n peter_n the_o apostle_n be_v bishop_n