Selected quad for the lemma: scripture_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
scripture_n	according_a	sense_n	word_n	4,231	5	4.2547	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A25846	Logic, or, The art of thinking in which, besides the common, are contain'd many excellent new rules, very profitable for directing of reason and acquiring of judgment in things as well relating to the instruction of for the excellency of the matter printed many times in French and Latin, and now for publick good translated into English by several hands.; Logique. English. 1685	Arnauld, Antoine, 1612-1694.; Nicole, Pierre, 1625-1695.	1685 (1685)	Wing A3723; ESTC R7858	106,112	258

aristotle_n which_o he_o be_v persuade_v that_o aristotle_n mean_v and_o so_o if_o several_a believe_v that_o aristotle_n have_v a_o different_a opinion_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n these_o term_n the_o sense_n of_o aristotle_n in_o such_o a_o matter_n though_o singular_a in_o themselves_o can_v never_o be_v apply_v to_o many_o that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o all_o those_o thing_n that_o aristotle_n shall_v be_v say_v to_o have_v write_v upon_o such_o a_o subject_a for_o so_o they_o shall_v signify_v with_o every_o one_o what_o every_o one_o be_v persuade_v the_o philosopher_n think_v but_o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v where_o lie_v this_o equivocation_n of_o error_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o term_n of_o it_o be_v connotative_a either_o express_o or_o in_o sense_n now_o as_o i_o have_v say_v in_o connotative_a term_n may_v be_v consider_v as_o well_o the_o subject_a which_o be_v direct_o or_o confuse_o express_v as_o the_o form_n or_o mode_n which_o be_v direct_o and_o indistinct_o signify_v thus_o white_a confuse_o denote_v a_o body_n distinct_o whiteness_n thus_o the_o sense_n of_o aristotle_n confuse_o signify_v some_o sentence_n thought_n or_o doctrine_n of_o he_o distinct_o the_o relation_n of_o that_o doctrine_n to_o aristotle_n to_o who_o it_o be_v attribute_v however_o the_o equivocation_n which_o be_v find_v in_o these_o term_n do_v not_o proper_o arise_v from_o the_o form_n or_o mode_n which_o be_v distinct_a can_v never_o vary_v nor_o from_o the_o subject_a confuse_o consider_v as_o not_o be_v free_v from_o that_o confusion_n for_o example_n these_o word_n prince_n of_o philosopher_n can_v be_v equivocate_v in_o regard_n the_o idea_n of_o prince_n of_o philosopher_n can_v be_v distinct_o apply_v to_o no_o individual_a but_o equivocation_n consist_v only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o mind_n instead_o of_o the_o confuse_a subject_a substitute_n another_o which_o be_v distinct_a and_o determinate_a to_o which_o form_n or_o manner_n be_v apply_v but_o in_o regard_n man_n dispute_v about_o this_o matter_n they_o may_v ascribe_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n or_o chief_a to_o several_a person_n and_o signalise_v they_o afterward_o with_o what_o additional_a word_n they_o think_v most_o convenient_a thus_o former_o plato_n be_v call_v the_o prince_n of_o philosopher_n which_o title_n be_v now_o confer_v upon_o aristotle_n thus_o the_o word_n true_a religion_n not_o have_v any_o distinct_a but_o a_o confuse_a idea_n of_o any_o religion_n be_v no_o equivocate_v because_o they_o denote_v nothing_o but_o that_o religion_n which_o be_v absolute_o true_a but_o when_o the_o mind_n have_v annex_v the_o idea_n of_o true_a religion_n to_o the_o distinct_a idea_n of_o some_o particular_a worship_n distinct_o know_v they_o become_v egregious_a equivocate_v and_o signify_v that_o worship_n with_o every_o one_o which_o they_o account_v the_o true_a religion_n the_o same_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o these_o word_n that_o which_o such_o a_o philosopher_n hold_v of_o such_o a_o matter_n for_o while_o they_o abide_v in_o their_o general_a idea_n the_o general_a idea_n simple_o and_o general_o will_v signify_v the_o doctrine_n deliver_v by_o such_o a_o philosopher_n concern_v such_o a_o matter_n as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o aristotle_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n whereas_o the_o same_o word_n that_o which_o etc._n etc._n that_o be_v to_o say_v this_o doctrine_n while_o it_o be_v under_o a_o confuse_a idea_n apply_v to_o no_o distinct_a idea_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o equivocation_n but_o when_o the_o mind_n instead_o of_o that_o doctrine_n confuse_o conceive_v substitute_n a_o distinct_a doctrine_n &_o a_o distinct_a subject_n then_o according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o distinct_a idea_n that_o same_o that_o which_o etc._n etc._n may_v be_v liable_a to_o equivocation_n thus_o the_o doctrine_n of_o aristotle_n touch_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o equivocate_a with_o pomponatius_n who_o assert_n that_o aristotle_n believe_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v mortal_a and_o with_o several_a other_o of_o his_o interpreter_n who_o on_o the_o other_o side_n affirm_v that_o aristotle_n teach_v the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o well_o as_o plato_n and_o socrates_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o word_n of_o this_o nature_n most_o frequent_o signify_v the_o thing_n with_o which_o the_o form_n indirect_o express_v can_v agree_v suppose_v for_o example_n sake_n that_o philip_n be_v not_o the_o father_n of_o alexander_n as_o alexander_n himself_o endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o these_o word_n the_o son_n of_o philip_n denote_v generality_n any_o person_n beget_v by_o philip_n erroneous_o speak_v of_o alexander_n denote_v the_o person_n that_o be_v not_o real_o the_o son_n of_o philip._n in_o like_a manner_n these_o word_n the_o sense_n of_o scripture_n allege_v by_o a_o quaker_n to_o prove_v a_o sect_n quite_o contrary_a to_o scripture_n shall_v denote_v that_o very_a sect_n in_o his_o mouth_n which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o scripture_n and_o which_o he_o have_v therefore_o dignify_v with_o that_o name_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o scripture_n nor_o be_v the_o papist_n more_o in_o the_o right_n than_o they_o who_o pretend_v to_o adhere_v to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o among_o they_o the_o word_n of_o god_n signify_v that_o oglio_fw-it of_o superstition_n which_o they_o will_v obtrude_v upon_o the_o protestant_n instead_o of_o god_n word_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o clearness_n and_o distinction_n of_o idea_n as_o also_o of_o their_o obscurity_n and_o confusion_n in_o ideas_n clearness_n may_v be_v discern_v from_o distinction_n and_o obscurity_n from_o confusion_n for_o we_o may_v call_v that_o a_o clear_a idea_n when_o it_o imprint_n in_o we_o a_o lively_a as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o sense_n of_o itself_o whereas_o otherwise_o it_o may_v not_o be_v so_o distinct_a the_o idea_n of_o pain_n because_o it_o strike_v we_o so_o sensible_o may_v be_v call_v a_o clear_a idea_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v confuse_v because_o it_o represent_v pain_n to_o we_o as_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n when_o indeed_o it_o lie_v in_o the_o sense_n nevertheless_o we_o may_v call_v every_o idea_n clear_a so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v distinct_a for_o all_o obscurity_n arise_v out_o of_o confusion_n thus_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o pain_n that_o hurt_v we_o be_v clear_a and_o also_o distinct_a but_o what_o be_v confuse_v in_o the_o feel_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o pain_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v clear_a now_o because_o clearness_n and_o distinction_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o idea_n it_o will_v be_v very_o requisite_a to_o examine_v why_o some_o idea_n be_v clear_a other_o confuse_v but_o this_o will_v be_v more_o apparent_a by_o the_o help_n of_o example_n than_o any_o other_o way_n and_o therefore_o let_v we_o weave_v together_o a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o first_o idea_n as_o well_o clear_a and_o distinct_a as_o obscure_v and_o confuse_a the_o most_o clear_a idea_n be_v that_o which_o every_o man_n have_v of_o himself_o as_o of_o the_o thing_n that_o think_v as_o also_o the_o idea_n of_o those_o other_o appendix_n to_o our_o thought_n as_o to_o judge_n discourse_n deliberate_a perceive_v imagine_v idea_n of_o extend_a substance_n also_o be_v most_o chief_o clear_v to_o we_o as_o also_o the_o idea_n of_o their_o property_n as_o figure_n motion_n rest_v for_o though_o we_o may_v feign_v that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n no_o figure_n though_o we_o can_v feign_v any_o such_o thing_n of_o the_o think_v substance_n while_o we_o think_v yet_o we_o can_v say_v we_o clear_o perceive_v what_o be_v extension_n and_o figure_n we_o also_o clear_o apprehend_v duration_n order_n and_o number_n so_o that_o we_o consider_v the_o duration_n of_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v form_n under_o which_o we_o consider_v the_o thing_n so_o long_o as_o the_o form_n continue_v in_o it_o thus_o order_n and_o number_v no_o way_n differ_v in_o effect_n from_o thing_n order_v and_o number_v all_o these_o idea_n be_v so_o clear_a that_o we_o frequent_o render_v they_o more_o obscure_a while_o we_o endeavour_v to_o illustrate_v they_o with_o new_a observation_n and_o frame_v to_o ourselves_o other_o idea_n than_o those_o which_o we_o have_v from_o nature_n we_o may_v also_o say_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o god_n be_v clear_a in_o one_o respect_n though_o in_o another_o most_o obscure_a and_o imperfect_a it_o be_v clear_a because_o it_o suffice_v to_o discover_v the_o great_a number_n of_o attribute_n in_o god_n which_o we_o certain_o know_v be_v no_o where_o else_o to_o be_v find_v but_o in_o god_n but_o it_o be_v obscure_a in_o respect_n of_o that_o idea_n which_o the_o bless_a have_v of_o he_o in_o heaven_n and_o it_o be_v also_o imperfect_a in_o regard_n our_o mind_n be_v limit_v and_o finite_a can_v but_o most_o imperfect_o conceive_v a_o infinite_a be_v

a_o idea_n which_o cover_v the_o obscenity_n and_o the_o other_o a_o idea_n that_o lay_v it_o open_a thus_o adultery_n interest_n male-copulation_n be_v no_o obscene_a word_n though_o they_o signify_v most_o obscene_a action_n because_o they_o represent_v they_o cover_v with_o a_o vail_n of_o abhorrency_n which_o show_v that_o we_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o crime_n so_o that_o those_o word_n rather_o signify_v the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o action_n themselves_o whereas_o there_o be_v certain_a word_n that_o express_v those_o act_n without_o any_o abhorrency_n and_o which_o describe_v they_o rather_o grateful_a and_o please_a withal_o add_v a_o idea_n of_o impudence_n and_o lasciviousness_n and_o those_o be_v the_o word_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v bawdy_a and_o dishonest_a there_o be_v also_o certain_a circumlocution_n by_o which_o certain_a action_n be_v chaste_o express_v which_o though_o lawful_a yet_o participate_v something_o of_o the_o corruption_n of_o nature_n for_o such_o circumlocution_n not_o only_o plain_o express_v the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o also_o the_o disposition_n of_o he_o who_o speak_v of_o they_o in_o that_o manner_n and_o which_o by_o his_o reservedness_n testify_v that_o he_o mention_n they_o with_o trouble_n and_o dislike_n and_o that_o it_o be_v his_o desire_n they_o shall_v be_v conceal_v as_o well_o from_o himself_o as_o from_o other_o whereas_o other_o utter_v the_o same_o thing_n more_o free_o and_o at_o random_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o they_o take_v delight_n in_o those_o kind_n of_o object_n which_o be_v a_o lascivious_a pleasure_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o word_n which_o imprint_n that_o idea_n shall_v be_v account_v contrary_a to_o modesty_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o sometime_o the_o same_o word_n be_v esteem_v modest_a at_o one_o time_n and_o immodest_a at_o another_o which_o have_v constrain_v some_o of_o the_o hebrew_n rabbi_n to_o place_v certain_a hebrew_n word_n in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o bible_n to_o be_v pronounce_v by_o those_o that_o read_v it_o instead_o of_o those_o which_o the_o scripture_n make_v use_v of_o which_o happen_v from_o hence_o that_o when_o those_o word_n be_v make_v use_n of_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o immodest_a because_o they_o be_v read_v with_o some_o certain_a idea_n that_o represent_v these_o word_n with_o reservedness_n and_o modesty_n but_o afterward_o that_o idea_n be_v separate_v and_o custom_n have_v add_v another_o of_o impudence_n and_o wantonness_n they_o become_v nauseous_a and_o uncivil_a and_o therefore_o the_o rabbi_n to_o prevent_v the_o mind_n from_o be_v amuse_v with_o that_o evil_a idea_n be_v solicitous_a that_o the_o people_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o other_o in_o read_v the_o bible_n which_o no_o way_n alter_v the_o text._n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o ill_a excuse_n of_o a_o author_n who_o the_o profession_n of_o religion_n oblige_v to_o a_o exact_a modesty_n and_o who_o be_v deserve_o tax_v to_o have_v make_v use_n of_o a_o undecent_a word_n to_o signify_v a_o infamous_a place_n to_o allege_v that_o the_o father_n have_v not_o scruple_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n jupanar_n a_o brothel-house_n and_o that_o he_o often_o find_v in_o their_o write_n the_o word_n meretri●e_v and_o leno_fw-la whore_n and_o pander_n and_o several_a other_o hardly_o to_o be_v endure_v in_o our_o language_n for_o the_o liberty_n which_o the_o father_n take_v to_o make_v use_n of_o those_o word_n aught_o to_o have_v convince_v he_o that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n account_v word_n of_o ignominy_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o custom_n have_v not_o add_v that_o idea_n of_o obscenity_n which_o render_v they_o infamous_a and_o therefore_o he_o draw_v a_o ill_a conclusion_n from_o thence_o that_o it_o be_v for_o that_o reason_n permit_v he_o to_o make_v use_n of_o term_n of_o debauchery_n so_o esteem_v to_o be_v in_o our_o language_n for_o that_o these_o word_n do_v not_o real_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n which_o those_o do_v of_o which_o the_o father_n make_v use_v see_v that_o beside_o the_o principal_a idea_n in_o which_o they_o agree_v they_o also_o exhibit_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o debauch_a mind_n and_o contain_v a_o mixture_n of_o licentious_a impudence_n see_v then_o these_o accessary_a idea_n be_v of_o so_o great_a importance_n and_o dissolve_v the_o primarie_a notion_n into_o so_o many_o various_a idea_n they_o will_v do_v well_o who_o compile_v vocabulary_n or_o dictionary_n to_o mark_v out_o those_o signification_n and_o make_v a_o distinction_n to_o the_o reader_n between_o word_n contumelious_a and_o civil_a tart_a chaste_a and_o immodest_a or_o rather_o absolute_o to_o obliterate_v the_o latter_a which_o it_o will_v be_v much_o better_a to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o then_o to_o understand_v the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o part._n logic_n or_o the_o art_n of_o think_v contain_v consideration_n of_o man_n about_o proper_a judgement_n part_n ii_o chap._n i._n what_o a_o proposition_n be_v of_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o proposition_n after_o we_o apprehend_v the_o thing_n themselves_o by_o the_o help_n of_o idea_n we_o compaer_fw-mi the_o idea_n together_o and_o observe_v they_o as_o they_o agree_v or_o differ_v one_o among_o another_o and_o in_o that_o manner_n join_v or_o separate_v they_o which_o be_v call_v to_o affirm_v or_o deny_v and_o by_o a_o general_a name_n to_o judge_v this_o judgement_n be_v otherwise_o call_v a_o proposition_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v two_o term_n the_o one_o of_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v which_o be_v call_v the_o subject_a the_o other_o which_o be_v affirm_v and_o deny_v which_o be_v call_v the_o attribute_n or_o predicate_v nor_o do_v it_o suffice_v to_o have_v apprehend_v these_o two_o term_n but_o they_o must_v be_v conjoin_v or_o separate_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v note_v in_o the_o proposition_n by_o the_o worst_a est_fw-la it_o be_v when_o it_o be_v alone_o it_o be_v affirmative_a but_o when_o we_o deny_v we_o add_v the_o participle_n non_fw-fr or_o not_o thus_o when_o i_o say_v god_n be_v just_a god_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o proposition_n just_o the_o predicate_a the_o verb_n be_v denote_v the_o action_n of_o the_o mind_n affirm_v that_o be_v conjoin_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o just_a as_o agree_v together_o but_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v god_n be_v not_o unjust_a the_o verb_n be_v with_o the_o adverb_n join_v denote_v a_o action_n contrary_a to_o affirmation_n by_o which_o i_o affirm_v those_o idea_n do_v not_o agree_v together_o for_o that_o there_o be_v something_o in_o the_o idea_n of_o unjust_a which_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o idea_n of_o god_n but_o though_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o every_o proposition_n shall_v consist_v of_o these_o three_o word_n yet_o it_o may_v consist_v of_o two_o and_o sometime_o only_o of_o one_o for_o man_n for_o the_o more_o succinct_a way_n of_o speak_v have_v invent_v several_a word_n which_o signify_v both_o the_o affirmation_n that_o be_v the_o substantive_n and_o the_o attribute_n which_o be_v affirm_v of_o this_o number_n be_v all_o those_o word_n that_o be_v call_v substantive_n as_o god_n exist_v that_o be_v be_v existent_a god_n love_v man_n that_o be_v he_o be_v a_o lover_n of_o man_n but_o the_o substantive_n when_o it_o be_v single_a cease_v to_o be_v pure_o substantive_n for_o that_o then_o the_o most_o general_a of_o the_o attribute_n be_v join_v to_o it_o which_o be_v ens_fw-la or_o be_v and_o so_o non_fw-la ego_fw-la sum_fw-la i_o be_o not_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o be_o not_o a_o be_v or_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n at_o other_o time_n the_o subject_a and_o the_o affirmation_n be_v include_v in_o the_o same_o word_n as_o in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o person_n among_o the_o latin_n as_o when_o i_o say_v sum_n christianus_n i_o be_o a_o christian_n for_o ego_fw-la be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o proposition_n include_v in_o the_o word_n sum_n hence_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o one_o word_n among_o the_o latin_n constitute_v a_o proposition_n in_o first_o and_o second_o person_n of_o those_o verb_n which_o before_o contain_v the_o affirmation_n with_o the_o predicate_a so_fw-mi veni_fw-la vidi_fw-la vici_fw-la be_v three_o entire_a proposition_n hence_o it_o may_v also_o be_v conclude_v that_o every_o proposition_n be_v either_o negative_a or_o affirmative_a and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o be_v contain_v either_o in_o the_o affirmation_n or_o the_o denial_n but_o there_o be_v another_o difference_n of_o proposition_n deduce_v from_o the_o universality_n particularity_n or_o singularity_n for_o the_o term_n as_o be_v say_v in_o the_o first_o part_n be_v either_o singular_a particular_a or_o universal_a universal_a term_n may_v be_v

ancient_a philosopher_n except_o that_o of_o the_o platonic_n have_v acknowledge_v god_n to_o be_v incorporeal_a where_o two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v 1._o that_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n believe_v god_n to_o be_v corporeal_a 2._o that_o the_o platonic_n believe_v the_o contrary_a the_o covetous_a man_n do_v nothing_o well_o but_o when_o he_o die_v no_o man_n miserable_a unless_o compare_v no_o man_n be_v mischeif_v but_o by_o himself_o except_o the_o wise_a man_n say_v the_o stoic_n all_o man_n be_v true_o fool_n these_o proposition_n be_v contradict_v as_o many_o way_n as_o the_o exclusive_a 1._o by_o affirm_v that_o the_o stoic_n wise_a man_n be_v as_o much_o a_o fool_n as_o other_o men._n 2._o by_o maintain_v there_o be_v other_o beside_o the_o stoic_n wise_a man_n that_o be_v no_o fool_n 3._o by_o allege_v that_o the_o stoic_n wise_a man_n be_v a_o fool_n and_o that_o other_o be_v wise_a men._n we_o be_v far_a to_o observe_v that_o the_o exclusive_a and_o exceptive_a proposition_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n only_o express_v after_o a_o different_a manner_n so_o that_o with_o little_a difficulty_n they_o may_v be_v change_v the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o and_o thus_o we_o see_v that_o this_o exceptive_a of_o terence_n the_o ignorant_a think_v nothing_o well_o do_v but_o what_o he_o do_v himself_o be_v change_v by_o cornelius_n gallus_n into_o this_o exclusive_a that_o only_o right_a he_o think_v which_o he_o do_v himself_o of_o comparative_n proposition_n where_o a_o comparative_a be_v design_v include_v two_o judgement_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o say_v a_o thing_n be_v such_o a_o thing_n and_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v more_o or_o less_o than_o another_o by_o which_o mean_v these_o proposition_n become_v compose_v in_o sense_n the_o great_a of_o loss_n be_v to_o lose_v a_o friend_n many_o time_n a_o please_a raillery_n make_v a_o deep_a impression_n in_o the_o most_o important_a affair_n than_o the_o best_a of_o reason_n less_o hurtful_a be_v the_o wound_n of_o a_o friend_n than_o the_o deceitful_a kiss_n of_o a_o enemy_n these_o proposition_n be_v contradict_v several_a way_n as_o that_o maxim_n of_o epicurus_n pain_n be_v the_o great_a of_o evil_n be_v contradict_v one_o way_n by_o the_o stoic_n and_o after_o another_o manner_n by_o the_o peripatetic_n while_o the_o peripatetic_n aver_v that_o pain_n be_v a_o evil_a but_o they_o likewise_o maintain_v that_o vice_n and_o other_o irregularity_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v far_o great_a evil_n than_o pain_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o stoic_n will_v not_o allow_v pain_n to_o be_v a_o evil_a so_o far_o be_v they_o from_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o evil_n but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v dispute_v whether_o it_o be_v always_o necessary_a that_o in_o these_o proposition_n the_o positive_a of_o the_o comparative_a shall_v agree_v with_o both_o the_o member_n of_o the_o comparison_n for_o example_n whether_o we_o ought_v to_o suppose_v two_o thing_n to_o be_v good_a that_o we_o may_v aver_v the_o one_o to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o other_o it_o seem_v at_o first_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o but_o we_o find_v it_o otherwise_o in_o practice_n for_o we_o see_v the_o scripture_n make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n better_o not_o only_o in_o compare_v two_o good_a thing_n together_o better_a be_v wisdom_n than_o strength_n and_o a_o prudent_a man_n then_o a_o strong_a man._n but_o also_o in_o compare_v a_o good_a with_o a_o evil_a better_a be_v the_o patient_a then_o the_o proud_a man._n and_o sometime_o in_o compare_v two_o evil_a thing_n together_o better_a be_v it_o to_o live_v with_o a_o dragon_n then_o a_o scold_a woman_n and_o in_o the_o gospel_n it_o be_v better_a for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o millstone_n about_o his_o neck_n then_o to_o hurt_v one_o of_o the_o faithful_a the_o reason_n of_o this_o practice_n be_v because_o a_o great_a good_a be_v better_a than_o a_o lesser_a and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n we_o may_v say_v though_o less_o proper_o that_o a_o benefit_n be_v better_a than_o a_o evil_a for_o that_o whatever_o have_v some_o goodness_n have_v more_o than_o that_o which_o have_v none_o at_o all_o we_o may_v also_o say_v that_o a_o lesser_a evil_n be_v better_a than_o a_o great_a evil_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o kind_n of_o good_a in_o respect_n of_o evil_a and_o therefore_o the_o lesser_a evil_n have_v more_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o goodness_n than_o the_o great_a evil._n but_o we_o be_v to_o take_v care_n lest_o the_o overheat_v of_o dispute_n carry_v we_o unaware_o into_o vain_a brangle_v about_o these_o form_n of_o speech_n as_o they_o do_v cresconius_n the_o donatist_n grammarian_n dispute_v against_o st._n austin_n for_o that_o same_o father_n have_v say_v that_o the_o catholic_n have_v more_o reason_n to_o upbraid_v the_o donatist_n with_o tradition_n than_o the_o donatist_n to_o reproach_v the_o catholic_n cresconius_n think_v he_o may_v from_o those_o word_n traditionem_fw-la nos_fw-la vobis_fw-la probabilius_fw-la objicimus_fw-la conclude_v that_o st._n austin_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o donatist_n have_v reason_n to_o tax_v the_o catholic_n for_o if_o you_o say_v he_o more_o probable_o we_o therefore_o probable_o for_o the_o degree_n augment_v what_o be_v place_v before_o it_o do_v not_o impugn_v or_o deny_v what_o be_v say_v before_o it_o but_o st._n austin_n refute_v this_o vain_a subtlety_n first_o by_o example_n of_o scripture_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n by_o that_o passage_n of_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n where_o st._n paul_n have_v say_v that_o the_o earth_n bear_v only_a thorn_n be_v curse_v and_o be_v only_o to_o expect_v to_o be_v burn_v he_o add_v but_o we_o hope_v better_a thing_n of_o you_o dear_a brethren_n not_o say_v the_o father_n that_o they_o be_v good_a thing_n which_o he_o have_v rehearse_v before_o to_o bring_v forth_o thorn_n and_o brier_n and_o to_o deserve_v burn_v but_o rather_o because_o they_o be_v evil_a that_o those_o be_v avoid_v they_o may_v choose_v and_o wish_v for_o better_a that_o be_v benefit_n contrary_a to_o such_o great_a evil_n and_o afterward_o he_o show_v from_o the_o most_o famous_a grammarian_n the_o falsehood_n of_o his_o consequence_n in_o regard_n that_o virgil_n may_v have_v be_v tax_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o have_v take_v for_o a_o good_a the_o violence_n of_o a_o distemper_n that_o enrage_v man_n to_o tear_v their_o own_o member_n because_o he_o wish_v better_a may_v befall_v good_a men._n dii_fw-la meliora_fw-la piis_fw-la erroremque_fw-la hostibus_fw-la illum_fw-la discissòs_fw-la nudis_fw-la laniabant_fw-la dentibus_fw-la artus_fw-la how_o then_o meliora_fw-la piis_fw-la say_v the_o holy_a father_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v blessing_n and_o not_o rather_o extreme_a evil_n to_o tear_v their_o bowel_n with_o their_o own_o tooth_n of_o inceptives_n and_o desitives_n when_o we_o say_v that_o any_o thing_n begin_v or_o cease_v to_o be_v there_o be_v two_o judgement_n make_v one_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v before_o the_o time_n that_o we_o talk_v of_o the_o other_o what_o it_o be_v afterward_o and_o so_o these_o proposition_n of_o which_o the_o one_o be_v call_v inceptive_a the_o other_o desitive_a be_v compose_v in_o sense_n and_o they_o be_v so_o like_a that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o make_v but_o one_o sort_n of_o they_o and_o to_o handle_v they_o both_o together_o the_o jew_n do_v not_o begin_v till_o their_o return_n from_o the_o captivity_n of_o babylon_n to_o make_v no_o long_o use_v of_o their_o ancient_a character_n which_o be_v those_o that_o be_v now_o call_v the_o samaritan_n 1._o the_o latin_a cease_v to_o be_v vulgar_o speak_v in_o italy_n about_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o 2._o the_o jew_n do_v not_o begin_v till_o the_o first_o century_n after_o jesus_n christ_n to_o make_v use_n of_o point_n for_o vowel_n these_o proposition_n be_v contradict_v as_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o relate_v to_o the_o two_o different_a time_n so_o there_o be_v some_o who_o contradict_v the_o latter_a proposition_n allege_v though_o false_o that_o the_o jew_n always_o use_v point_n at_o least_o to_o read_v by_o and_o that_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o temple_n which_o be_v contradict_v by_o other_o who_o affirm_v that_o point_n be_v never_o use_v till_o after_o the_o first_o century_n a_o general_n reflection_n though_o we_o have_v show_v that_o these_o proposition_n exclusive_a exceptive_a etc._n etc._n may_v be_v contradict_v several_a way_n yet_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o when_o they_o be_v bare_o deny_v without_o any_o far_a explanation_n the_o negation_n fall_v natural_o upon_o the_o exclusion_n or_o the_o exception_n or_o the_o comparison_n or_o the_o alteration_n denote_v by_o the_o word_n of_o beginning_n or_o cease_v therefore_o if_o any_o one_o

false_a though_o we_o may_v oppose_v certain_a instance_n wherein_o they_o may_v stray_v from_o the_o truth_n but_o to_o be_v satisfy_v if_o they_o may_v be_v extend_v from_o other_o beyond_o their_o just_a limit_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v too_o rigorous_o according_a to_o the_o letter_n 2._o observation_n there_o be_v some_o proposition_n that_o ought_v to_o pass_v for_o metaphysical_o universal_a though_o they_o may_v admit_v of_o exception_n that_o be_v when_o those_o exception_n be_v exotic_a and_o such_o as_o according_a to_o common_a use_n be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o those_o universal_a term_n as_o when_o i_o say_v all_o man_n have_v two_o arms._n this_o proposition_n ought_v to_o pass_v for_o true_a according_a to_o ordinary_a use_n and_o it_o will_v be_v but_o mere_a brangle_v to_o oppose_v against_o it_o that_o there_o have_v be_v monster_n who_o be_v man_n though_o they_o have_v four_o arms._n it_o being_n plain_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o intend_v concern_v monster_n in_o these_o general_a proposition_n and_o that_o the_o only_a meaning_n of_o the_o assertion_n be_v that_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n all_o man_n have_v two_o arms._n in_o like_a manner_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o all_o man_n make_v use_v of_o word_n to_o express_v their_o thought_n but_o that_o all_o man_n do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o writing_n nor_o will_v it_o be_v a_o rational_a objection_n to_o contradict_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n by_o instance_v dumb_a people_n because_o it_o be_v evident_a though_o the_o sense_n be_v not_o express_v in_o word_n that_o it_o be_v not_o mean_v of_o such_o as_o have_v a_o natural_a impediment_n to_o make_v use_n of_o sound_n either_o clude_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o speak_v of_o another_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n which_o ofttimes_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a nor_o less_o evident_a in_o its_o manner_n then_o that_o which_o we_o draw_v from_o authority_n for_o there_o be_v two_o general_a way_n by_o which_o we_o know_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a the_o first_o be_v the_o knowledge_n which_o we_o have_v by_o ourselves_o whether_o we_o have_v attain_v it_o by_o observation_n or_o ratiocination_n whether_o by_o our_o sense_n or_o by_o our_o reason_n which_o may_v be_v general_o term_v reason_n in_o regard_n the_o sense_n themselves_o depend_v upon_o the_o judgement_n of_o reason_n or_o knowledge_n the_o word_n be_v here_o more_o general_o take_v than_o in_o the_o school_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o knowledge_n of_o a_o object_n draw_v from_o the_o same_o object_n the_o other_o way_n be_v the_o authority_n of_o person_n worthy_a of_o credit_n who_o assure_v we_o that_o a_o thing_n be_v so_o though_o of_o ourselves_o we_o know_v nothing_o of_o it_o which_o be_v call_v faith_n or_o belief_n according_a to_o the_o word_n of_o st._n austin_n for_o what_o we_o know_v we_o owe_v to_o reason_n for_o what_o we_o believe_v to_o authority_n but_o as_o this_o authority_n may_v be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o from_o god_n or_o man_n so_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o faith_n divine_a and_o human._n divine_a faith_n can_v be_v subject_a to_o error_n because_o that_o god_n can_v neither_o deceive_v we_o nor_o be_v deceive_v human_a faith_n be_v of_o its_o self_n subject_n to_o error_n for_o all_o man_n be_v liar_n according_a to_o scripture_n and_o because_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o he_o who_o shall_v assure_v we_o of_o the_o certainty_n of_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v deceive_v himself_o nevertheless_o as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o we_o know_v not_o but_o by_o a_o human_a faith_n which_o nevertheless_o we_o ought_v to_o believe_v for_o as_o certain_a and_o unquestionable_a as_o if_o they_o be_v mathematical_o demonstrate_v as_o that_o which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o constant_a relation_n of_o so_o many_o person_n that_o it_o be_v moral_o impossible_a they_o shall_v ever_o have_v conspire_v to_o affirm_v the_o same_o thing_n if_o they_o be_v not_o true_a for_o example_n man_n have_v be_v natural_o most_o averse_a from_o conceive_v any_o antipode_n nevertheless_o though_o we_o never_o be_v in_o those_o place_n and_o know_v nothing_o of_o any_o antipode_n but_o by_o human_a faith_n he_o must_v be_v a_o fool_n that_o do_v not_o believe_v '_o they_o and_o he_o must_v be_v out_o of_o his_o wit_n who_o question_n whether_o ever_o there_o be_v any_o such_o person_n as_o caesar_n pompey_n cicero_n or_o virgil_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v not_o feign_a name_n as_o amadis_n de_fw-fr gaul_n true_a it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o know_v when_o human_a faith_n have_v attain_v to_o this_o same_o assurance_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o lead_v man_n astray_o into_o two_o such_o opposite_a deviation_n so_o that_o some_o believe_v too_o slight_o upon_o the_o least_o report_n other_o ridiculous_o make_v use_v of_o all_o the_o force_n of_o their_o wit_n to_o annul_v the_o belief_n of_o thing_n attest_v by_o the_o great_a authority_n when_o it_o thwart_v the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o understanding_n and_o therefore_o certain_a limit_n be_v to_o be_v assign_v which_o faith_n must_v exceed_v to_o obtain_v this_o assurance_n and_o other_o beyond_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o uncertainty_n leave_v in_o the_o middle_a a_o certain_a space_n where_o we_o shall_v meet_v with_o certainty_n or_o uncertainty_n as_o we_o approach_v near_o to_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o these_o bound_n now_o than_o if_o we_o do_v but_o compare_v the_o two_o general_a way_n by_o which_o we_o believe_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a reason_n and_o faith_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o faith_n always_o suppose_v some_o reason_n for_o as_o st._n austin_n say_v in_o his_o 122._o epistle_n and_o in_o several_a other_o place_n we_o can_v never_o bring_v ourselves_o to_o believe_v that_o which_o be_v above_o our_o reason_n if_o reason_n itself_o have_v not_o persuade_v we_o that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o we_o do_v well_o to_o believe_v though_o we_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o apprehend_v they_o which_o be_v principal_o true_a in_o respect_n of_o divine_a faith_n for_o true_a reason_n teach_v we_o that_o god_n be_v truth_n itself_o he_o can_v deceive_v we_o in_o what_o he_o reveal_v to_o we_o concern_v his_o nature_n and_o his_o mystery_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o though_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o captivate_v our_o understanding_n in_o obedience_n to_o faith_n as_o say_v st._n paul_n yet_o we_o do_v it_o neither_o blind_o nor_o unreasonable_o which_o be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o false_a religion_n but_o with_o a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o for_o that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o reasonable_a act_n to_o captivate_v ourselves_o to_o the_o authority_n of_o god_n when_o he_o have_v give_v we_o sufficient_a proof_n such_o as_o be_v his_o miracle_n and_o other_o prodigious_a accident_n which_o oblige_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o he_o himself_o have_v discover_v to_o man_n the_o truth_n which_o we_o be_v to_o believe_v as_o certain_a it_o be_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o divine_a faith_n ought_v to_o have_v a_o great_a power_n over_o our_o understanding_n then_o our_o own_o reason_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o dictate_v of_o reason_n itself_o that_o the_o more_o certain_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o less_o certain_a and_o that_o be_v more_o certain_a which_o god_n assure_v we_o to_o be_v true_a then_o that_o which_o reason_n persuade_v we_o when_o it_o be_v more_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n to_o deceive_v we_o than_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o own_o reason_n to_o be_v deceive_v chap._n xiii_o certain_a rule_n for_o the_o guidance_n of_o reason_n the_o belief_n of_o event_n that_o depend_v upon_o human_a faith_n the_o most_o customary_a use_n of_o sound_a judgement_n and_o that_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n by_o which_o we_o discern_v truth_n from_o falsehood_n be_v not_o employ_v in_o speculative_a science_n about_o which_o so_o few_o person_n be_v oblige_v to_o spend_v their_o time_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o occasion_n wherein_o it_o be_v more_o frequent_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o where_o it_o be_v more_o necessary_a than_o in_o that_o judgement_n which_o we_o ought_v to_o make_v of_o what_o pass_v every_o day_n among_o men._n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o judge_v whether_o a_o action_n be_v good_a or_o bad_a worthy_a of_o applause_n or_o reproof_n for_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o regulation_n of_o morality_n but_o of_o judge_v of_o the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n of_o human_a event_n which_o may_v only_o be_v refer_v to_o logic_n whether_o we_o consider_v they_o as_o past_a as_o when_o we_o only_o endeavour_v to_o know_v whether_o we_o ought_v to_o believe_v they_o or_o not_o or_o whether_o we_o consider_v they_o as_o be_v to_o come_v