〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d give_v the_o worship_n of_o dulia_n to_o a_o creature_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o creator_n not_o as_o though_o he_o look_v on_o the_o worship_n of_o dulia_n as_o distinct_a from_o latria_n but_o by_o use_v these_o word_n promiscuous_o he_o show_v that_o he_o understand_v by_o both_o of_o they_o that_o divine_a worship_n which_o be_v alone_o proper_a to_o god_n and_o which_o be_v give_v to_o a_o creature_n make_v it_o idolatry_n he_o far_o say_v that_o suppose_v what_o excellency_n we_o please_v in_o christ_n 387._o although_o derive_v from_o god_n yet_o if_o we_o withal_o suppose_v he_o to_o be_v a_o mere_a man_n if_o we_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o he_o we_o shall_v be_v find_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d worshipper_n of_o man_n i._n e._n such_o kind_n of_o idolater_n as_o the_o heathen_a be_v in_o the_o worship_n of_o deify_v man_n from_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o suppose_v the_o most_o real_a excellency_n in_o a_o creature_n to_o have_v be_v by_o participation_n from_o god_n do_v not_o take_v off_o from_o the_o guilt_n of_o idolatry_n when_o that_o worship_n be_v give_v to_o the_o creature_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o god_n s._n athanasius_n far_a argue_v that_o nothing_o but_o the_o divine_a nature_n be_v capable_a of_o adoration_n and_o not_o any_o create_a excellency_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o be_v 394._o for_o say_v he_o if_o the_o height_n of_o glory_n do_v deserve_v adoration_n than_o every_o inferior_a creature_n ought_v to_o worship_v the_o superior_a but_o it_o be_v no_o such_o matter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o one_o creature_n be_v not_o to_o worship_v another_o but_o a_o servant_n his_o lord_n and_o the_o creature_n god_n from_o hence_o peter_n forbid_v cornelius_n who_o will_v have_v worship_v he_o say_v for_o i_o also_o be_o a_o man._n and_o the_o angel_n s_o john_n say_v see_v thou_o do_v it_o not_o for_o i_o be_o also_o thy_o fellow_n servant_n worship_n god_n whence_o he_o infer_v nor_o that_o the_o angel_n complemented_a s._n john_n not_o that_o s._n peter_n only_o do_v it_o to_o show_v his_o humility_n but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o be_v proper_a only_a to_o god_n to_o be_v worship_v without_o any_o distinction_n of_o the_o nature_n kind_n or_o degree_n of_o worship_n but_o how_o many_o distinction_n will_v t._n g._n and_o his_o brethren_n make_v before_o they_o will_v grant_v that_o proposition_n it_o be_v true_a say_v they_o of_o latria_n sovereign_a and_o absolute_a worship_n which_o be_v proper_a only_o to_o god_n but_o not_o of_o a_o inferior_a kind_n of_o divine_a worship_n which_o may_v be_v give_v to_o a_o creature_n on_o the_o account_n of_o divine_a excellency_n communicate_v to_o it_o by_o god_n this_o we_o may_v suppose_v be_v the_o answer_n of_o the_o arian_n but_o s._n athanasius_n be_v not_o certain_o so_o weak_a a_o man_n to_o argue_v at_o this_o rate_n if_o he_o have_v suppose_v this_o a_o sufficient_a answer_n for_o he_o can_v not_o but_o foresee_v it_o and_o a_o man_n of_o so_o much_o understanding_n as_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o be_v will_v have_v prevent_v this_o answer_n if_o he_o have_v think_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n but_o instead_o of_o that_o he_o set_v himself_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o angel_n know_v themselves_o to_o be_v creature_n have_v on_o that_o account_n reject_v all_o divine_a worship_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o angel_n be_v command_v to_o worship_n christ_n and_o christ_n do_v receive_v divine_a worship_n therefore_o say_v he_o let_v the_o arian_n burst_v themselves_o they_o can_v never_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o christ_n will_v have_v be_v worship_v if_o he_o have_v be_v a_o creature_n and_o to_o prevent_v all_o subterfuge_n in_o this_o matter_n in_o his_o four_o oration_n â—64_n he_o argue_v against_o join_v christ_n together_o with_o god_n in_o our_o prayer_n to_o he_o if_o he_o be_v a_o creature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d no_o man_n will_v ever_o pray_v to_o receive_v any_o thing_n from_o god_n and_o angel_n or_o from_o god_n and_o any_o creature_n little_o do_v athanasius_n think_v of_o man_n join_v god_n and_o the_o saint_n or_o god_n and_o the_o b._n virgin_n in_o their_o prayer_n or_o praise_n little_a do_v he_o imagine_v that_o ever_o it_o will_v have_v be_v receive_v in_o the_o christian_a church_n to_o conclude_v their_o book_n with_o a_o doxology_n to_o god_n and_o the_o b._n virgin_n laus_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o b._n virgini_fw-la as_o many_o of_o the_o great_a reputation_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v do_v and_o as_o baronius_n have_v do_v it_o very_o solemn_o at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o tome_n of_o his_o annal_n as_o at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o first_o after_o the_o mention_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n he_o add_v fine_a nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o sanctissimae_fw-la virgini_fw-la dei_fw-la genitrici_fw-la mariae_fw-la ut_fw-la conciliatrici_fw-la divini_fw-la numinis_fw-la ipsi_fw-la namque_fw-la sicut_fw-la haec_fw-la omne_fw-la nostra_fw-la accepta_fw-la ferimus_fw-la ita_fw-la pariter_fw-la &_o offerimus_fw-la ut_fw-la ipsa_fw-la eadem_fw-la qualiacunque_fw-la sint_fw-la dilecto_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la porrigut_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o he_o have_v these_o word_n fin._n et_fw-la beneficii_fw-la memor_fw-la actura_fw-la gratias_fw-la oratio_fw-la ex_fw-la more_fw-it ad_fw-la sanctissimae_fw-la dei_fw-la genitricis_fw-la mariae_fw-la pedes_fw-la prona_fw-la se_fw-la sternat_fw-la ut_fw-la cui_fw-la accepta_fw-la fert_fw-la omnia_fw-la dono_fw-la offerat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la se_fw-la ejus_fw-la precìbus_fw-la intelligit_fw-la consecutam_fw-la be_v not_o this_o join_a god_n and_o the_o creature_n together_o which_o athanasius_n suppose_v no_o christian_n will_v ever_o do_v but_o suppose_v they_o do_v it_o he_o do_v not_o at_o all_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v excuse_v from_o idolatry_n in_o so_o do_v but_o athanasius_n go_v on_o show_v 468._o that_o if_o the_o arian_n confess_v christ_n to_o be_v god_n and_o to_o be_v of_o a_o distinct_a substance_n from_o his_o father_n they_o must_v bring_v in_o polytheism_n or_o at_o least_o worship_n two_o god_n the_o one_o uncreated_a and_o unbegotten_a the_o other_o create_v and_o beget_v and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o must_v oppose_v one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o can_v see_v one_o in_o the_o other_o because_o of_o their_o different_a nature_n and_o operation_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n i_o desire_v t._n g._n to_o consider_v the_o weight_n of_o he_o be_v prove_v that_o suppose_v christ_n to_o be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n from_o god_n although_o he_o have_v all_o imaginable_a excellency_n in_o he_o communicate_v from_o the_o father_n yet_o god_n can_v not_o be_v worship_v in_o the_o worship_v of_o the_o son_n but_o these_o two_o worship_n must_v be_v opposite_a to_o each_o other_o because_o the_o one_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o a_o create_v the_o other_o of_o a_o increated_a be_v how_o far_o be_v athanasius_n then_o from_o suppose_v that_o the_o worship_n give_v to_o any_o create_v be_v on_o the_o account_n of_o communicate_v excellency_n be_v at_o last_o carry_v to_o the_o supreme_a and_o terminate_v only_o upon_o he_o for_o he_o say_v that_o these_o two_o worship_n do_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d fight_v one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o who_o ever_o do_v give_v such_o different_a worship_n they_o must_v bring_v in_o more_o god_n than_o one_o which_o be_v a_o apostasy_n from_o one_o god_n where_o we_o still_o observe_v that_o polytheism_n be_v consistent_a as_o well_o as_o idolatry_n with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o one_o supreme_a be_v and_o that_o they_o be_v say_v to_o worship_v other_o god_n who_o do_v believe_v the_o true_a but_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o a_o creature_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v have_v the_o arian_n to_o reckon_v themselves_o together_o with_o the_o gentile_n and_o although_o they_o shun_v the_o reproach_n of_o the_o name_n yet_o they_o hold_v the_o same_o opinion_n with_o they_o and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o they_o to_o say_v that_o they_o do_v not_o worship_v two_o uncreated_a being_n for_o this_o be_v only_o to_o deceive_v the_o simple_a for_o although_o they_o do_v not_o worship_v two_o uncreated_a yet_o they_o worship_v two_o god_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n the_o one_o create_v the_o other_o uncreated_a for_o say_v he_o in_o these_o remarkable_a word_n 469._o if_o the_o heathen_n worship_v one_o uncreated_a and_o many_o create_v and_o they_o worship_v one_o uncreated_a and_o one_o create_v what_o difference_n be_v there_o between_o they_o and_o the_o gentile_n for_o that_o one_o who_o they_o worship_v be_v but_o as_o the_o many_o which_o the_o gentile_n be_v of_o the_o same_o create_a nature_n together_o with_o
obtain_v that_o good_a we_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o for_o a_o man_n may_v apprehend_v god_n to_o be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o all_o good_a and_o yet_o make_v no_o prayer_n to_o he_o nor_o use_v the_o act_n of_o religious_a worship_n because_o he_o may_v suppose_v that_o god_n may_v have_v commit_v the_o care_n of_o humane_a affair_n to_o inferior_a deity_n and_o therefore_o all_o our_o address_n and_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o they_o on_o this_o account_n the_o worship_n proper_a to_o god_n must_v lie_v in_o dependence_n upon_o he_o as_o the_o sole_a author_n of_o all_o good_a to_o we_o and_o this_o to_o be_v express_v by_o our_o solemn_a invocation_n of_o he_o for_o although_o the_o internal_a desire_n be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o god_n yet_o the_o necessity_n of_o external_a religious_a worship_n and_o own_v this_o dependence_n upon_o god_n to_o the_o world_n do_v require_v the_o expression_n of_o it_o by_o outward_a duty_n and_o office_n of_o religion_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o our_o sole_a dependence_n upon_o god_n be_v understand_v thereby_o now_o the_o question_n between_o t._n g._n and_o i_o be_v this_o 17._o whether_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n in_o the_o invocation_n of_o saint_n and_o angel_n be_v consistent_a with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o our_o sole_a dependence_n upon_o god_n for_o all_o our_o blessing_n the_o doctrine_n of_o their_o church_n be_v thus_o deliver_v by_o himself_o in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n it_o be_v good_a and_o profitable_a for_o christian_n humble_o to_o invocate_v the_o saint_n 334._o and_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o their_o prayer_n aid_n and_o assistance_n whereby_o to_o obtain_v benefit_n of_o god_n by_o his_o son_n our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n who_o be_v our_o only_a redeemer_n and_o saviour_n where_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o phrase_n suppliciter_fw-la invocare_fw-la to_o invocate_v they_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o suppliant_n and_o that_o not_o only_o voce_fw-mi but_o ment_fw-la with_o word_n but_o mental_a prayer_n as_o the_o council_n add_v which_o word_n seem_v to_o be_v put_v on_o purpose_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o office_n of_o kindness_n in_o one_o man_n to_o another_o when_o he_o desire_v he_o to_o pray_v for_o he_o for_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o they_o will_v use_v concern_v the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n pray_v to_o god_n that_o they_o do_v suppliciter_fw-la invocare_fw-la this_o phrase_n than_o do_v not_o limit_v the_o signification_n of_o this_o invocation_n to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o pray_v to_o the_o saint_n to_o pray_v for_o we_o for_o a_o man_n do_v i_o suppose_v answer_v the_o signification_n of_o that_o phrase_n by_o pray_v to_o they_o to_o give_v rather_o than_o by_o pray_v to_o they_o to_o pray_v for_o the_o one_o import_v more_o the_o humility_n of_o a_o suppliant_a than_o the_o other_o do_v and_o if_o there_o have_v be_v apprehend_v any_o danger_n of_o pray_v to_o they_o as_o the_o giver_n of_o blessing_n be_v be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v but_o so_o wary_a a_o council_n will_v have_v express_v it_o as_o it_o be_v most_o easy_a to_o have_v do_v and_o most_o necessary_a to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n if_o they_o have_v any_o regard_n to_o the_o good_a of_o man_n soul_n and_o that_o man_n must_v have_v a_o understanding_n indeed_o of_o a_o very_a common_a size_n that_o can_v apprehend_v that_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n disallow_v the_o pray_n to_o saint_n as_o the_o giver_n of_o blessing_n which_o be_v know_v to_o be_v practise_v in_o their_o church_n when_o they_o commend_v the_o humble_a invocation_n of_o saint_n without_o the_o least_o censure_n of_o that_o manner_n of_o pray_v to_o they_o nay_o far_o which_o put_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o dispute_n with_o all_o who_o do_v not_o wilful_o blind_v themselves_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n commend_v the_o make_v recourse_n not_o only_o to_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o saint_n but_o to_o their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n what_o do_v this_o aid_n and_o assistance_n signify_v as_o distinct_a from_o prayer_n and_o express_v somewhat_o beyond_o they_o or_o else_o those_o word_n be_v very_o weak_o insert_v in_o such_o a_o place_n where_o they_o be_v so_o liable_a to_o misconstruction_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o which_o they_o pray_v for_o to_o they_o viz._n that_o they_o will_v help_v comfort_n strengthen_v and_o protect_v they_o of_o which_o sort_n of_o prayer_n i_o produce_v several_a instance_n in_o their_o most_o authentic_a office_n and_o what_o say_v t._n g._n to_o this_o 399._o why_o true_o these_o form_n of_o prayer_n to_o saint_n can_v be_v deny_v to_o be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o but_o yet_o the_o sense_n of_o they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o pray_v to_o they_o to_o pray_v for_o they_o and_o this_o be_v only_o vary_v the_o phrase_n to_o say_v to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n pray_v for_o i_o or_o help_v i_o and_o comfort_v i_o and_o strengthen_v i_o o_o bless_a virgin_n but_o i_o ask_v he_o whence_o must_v people_n take_v the_o sense_n of_o these_o prayer_n if_o not_o from_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n he_o answer_v 407._o not_o mere_o from_o lily_n be_v grammar_n rule_n but_o from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n deliver_v in_o her_o council_n and_o catechism_n and_o from_o the_o common_a use_n of_o such_o word_n and_o expression_n among_o christian_n i_o be_o content_a with_o this_o way_n of_o interpret_n the_o sense_n of_o these_o prayer_n provide_v that_o a_o general_o receive_v practice_n never_o condemn_v by_o their_o council_n but_o rather_o justify_v by_o they_o and_o a_o doctrine_n agreeable_a to_o that_o practice_n allow_v and_o countenance_v in_o that_o church_n be_v think_v a_o sufficient_a mean_n to_o interpret_v the_o sense_n of_o these_o prayer_n and_o to_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o plain_a beside_o the_o prayer_n already_o mention_v i_o shall_v give_v only_o a_o taste_n of_o some_o few_o of_o those_o which_o be_v recommend_v to_o the_o use_v of_o the_o devout_a person_n of_o their_o church_n in_o the_o manual_n and_o office_n which_o be_v now_o allow_v they_o in_o our_o own_o language_n in_o which_o we_o may_v be_v sure_a they_o will_v be_v careful_a to_o have_v nothing_o they_o think_v scandalous_a or_o repugnant_a to_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o their_o church_n in_o the_o manual_a of_o godly_a prayer_n which_o have_v be_v often_o print_v and_o once_o very_o late_o i_o find_v these_o word_n under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o most_o devout_a commendation_n to_o our_o most_o bless_a lady_n o_o most_o singular_a most_o excellent_a most_o beautiful_a most_o glorious_a and_o most_o worthy_a mother_n of_o god_n most_o noble_a queen_n of_o heaven_n and_o most_o entire_o belove_v and_o most_o sweet_a lady_n and_o virgin_n mary_n so_o often_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o my_o heart_n i_o do_v salute_v thou_o as_o there_o be_v in_o number_n angel_n in_o heaven_n drop_n of_o water_n in_o the_o sea_n star_n in_o the_o firmament_n leave_v on_o the_o tree_n and_o grass_n on_o the_o earth_n i_o do_v salute_v thou_o in_o the_o union_n of_o love_n and_o by_o the_o bless_a and_o most_o sweet_a heart_n of_o thy_o most_o dear_a son_n and_o of_o all_o that_o love_v thou_o i_o do_v commend_v and_o assign_v myself_o unto_o thou_o as_o to_o my_o dear_a patroness_n to_o be_v thy_o proper_a and_o love_a child_n and_o far_o i_o humble_o beseech_v thou_o o_o bless_a lady_n that_o thou_o will_v vouchsafe_v to_o entertain_v and_o receive_v i_o and_o obtain_v of_o thy_o dear_a son_n that_o i_o may_v be_v whole_o thou_o and_o thou_o next_o unto_o god_n may_v be_v whole_o i_o that_o be_v my_o lady_n my_o joy_n my_o crown_n and_o my_o most_o sweet_a and_o faithful_a mother_n amen_n lilly_n grammar_n i_o confess_v will_v not_o help_v we_o out_o here_o nor_o the_o construe_v book_n neither_o i_o do_v not_o think_v any_o rule_n will_v do_v it_o it_o must_v be_v a_o special_a gift_n of_o interpret_n that_o can_v make_v any_o one_o think_v that_o no_o more_o be_v mean_v by_o all_o this_o but_o to_o pray_v to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n to_o pray_v for_o they_o in_o the_o same_o manual_a i_o find_v another_o recommendation_n to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n in_o these_o word_n o_o my_o lady_n holy_a mary_n i_o recommend_v myself_o into_o thy_o bless_a trust_n and_o singular_a custody_n and_o into_o the_o bosom_n of_o thy_o mercy_n this_o night_n and_o evermore_o and_o in_o the_o hour_n of_o my_o death_n as_o also_o my_o soul_n and_o my_o body_n and_o i_o yield_v unto_o thou_o all_o my_o hope_n and_o consolation_n all_o my_o distress_n and_o misery_n my_o life_n and_o the_o end_n thereof_o that_o by_o thy_o most_o holy_a intercession_n and_o by_o thy_o merit_n all_o
my_o work_n may_v be_v direct_v and_o dispose_v according_a to_o thou_o and_o thy_o son_n will._n amen_o i_o confess_v intercession_n be_v here_o mention_v but_o withal_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o be_v not_o the_o only_a thing_n rely_v upon_o for_o her_o merit_n be_v immediate_o add_v and_o whatever_o ground_n it_o be_v upon_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o a_o devout_a thing_n to_o commit_v soul_n and_o body_n to_o her_o trust_n and_o custody_n both_o in_o life_n and_o death_n what_o can_v have_v be_v say_v more_o to_o the_o eternal_a son_n of_o god_n than_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o commendation_n to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n in_o all_o the_o expression_n of_o it_o in_o another_o prayer_n to_o she_o which_o be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o manual_a but_o in_o the_o primer_n or_o office_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n and_o be_v too_o long_o to_o repeat_v we_o have_v this_o beginning_n i_o beseech_v thou_o o_o holy_a lady_n mary_n mother_n of_o god_n most_o full_a of_o pity_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o high_a king_n mother_z most_o glorious_a mother_n of_o orphan_n the_o consolation_n of_o the_o desolate_a the_o way_n of_o they_o that_o go_v astray_o the_o safety_n of_o all_o that_o trust_v in_o thou_o a_o virgin_n before_o child-bearing_a a_o virgin_n in_o child-bearing_a and_o a_o virgin_n after_o child-bearing_a the_o fountain_n of_o mercy_n the_o fountain_n of_o health_n and_o grace_n the_o fountain_n of_o consolation_n and_o pardon_n the_o fountain_n of_o piety_n and_o gladness_n the_o fountain_n of_o life_n and_o forgiveness_n i_o be_o now_o get_v from_o lilly_n grammar_n to_o aristotle_n threshold_n and_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o t._n g._n whether_o these_o expression_n be_v true_a or_o false_a be_v the_o bless_a virgin_n all_o these_o thing_n or_o not_o if_o they_o be_v not_o true_a they_o be_v horrible_a blasphemy_n if_o they_o be_v true_a to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o to_o talk_v of_o pray_v to_o she_o to_o pray_v for_o we_o for_o why_o may_v not_o i_o go_v direct_o to_o the_o fountain_n of_o mercy_n grace_n and_o pardon_v what_o needless_a trouble_n be_v it_o to_o pray_v she_o to_o pray_v for_o that_o which_o be_v in_o she_o on_o hand_n to_o bestow_v in_o another_o prayer_n follow_v that_o be_v these_o expression_n to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n bow_v down_o thy_o ear_n o_o mother_n of_o pity_n and_o mercy_n unto_o my_o poor_a prayer_n and_o be_v to_o i_o wretched_a sinner_n a_o piteous_a helper_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o present_o after_o to_o our_o lady_n and_o s._n john_n together_o o_o you_o two_o heavenly_a gem_n mary_n and_o john_n o_o two_o divine_a lamp_n ever_o shine_v before_o god_n drive_v away_o with_o your_o bless_a beam_n the_o dark_a cloud_n of_o my_o sin_n to_o you_o i_o most_o wretched_a sinner_n commend_v this_o day_n my_o body_n and_o soul_n that_o in_o every_o hour_n and_o moment_n inward_o and_o outward_o you_o will_v vouchsafe_v to_o be_v my_o sure_a keeper_n and_o pitiful_a intercessor_n to_o god_n for_o i_o here_o we_o have_v intercession_n again_o but_o that_o be_v not_o all_o nor_o the_o main_a thing_n for_o custody_n be_v more_o than_o intercession_n and_o that_o be_v first_o beg_v and_o then_o intercession_n so_o that_o if_o ever_o any_o prayer_n be_v make_v to_o creature_n for_o those_o thing_n which_o god_n alone_o can_v give_v these_o be_v and_o so_o as_o to_o imply_v our_o dependence_n on_o they_o for_o the_o obtain_n of_o they_o these_o may_v suffice_v for_o a_o taste_n of_o their_o present_a and_o allow_v devotion_n among_o they_o here_o at_o home_n in_o book_n of_o daily_a use_n and_o now_o i_o beseech_v t._n g._n to_o tell_v i_o what_o there_o be_v in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o make_v it_o necessary_a for_o i_o to_o put_v so_o force_v a_o sense_n upon_o all_o these_o expression_n that_o they_o do_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o pray_v to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n to_o pray_v for_o they_o as_o lilly_n grammar_n will_v not_o explain_v the_o sense_n so_o no_o rhetoric_n i_o ever_o see_v will_v make_v i_o understand_v the_o figure_n how_o often_o have_v we_o be_v rail_v at_o for_o understand_a word_n in_o a_o figurative_a sense_n which_o can_v be_v literal_o understand_v without_o overthrow_v the_o plain_a evidence_n of_o sense_n and_o reason_n and_o which_o by_o the_o customary_a mode_n of_o speak_n among_o all_o nation_n attribute_v the_o thing_n signify_v to_o the_o sign_n and_o by_o other_o place_n of_o scripture_n and_o father_n we_o prove_v aught_o to_o be_v no_o otherwise_o understand_v but_o here_o be_v a_o strange_a figure_n invent_v against_o the_o plain_a and_o natural_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o by_o pray_v to_o bestow_v must_v be_v understand_v only_o pray_v to_o pray_v and_o that_o when_o those_o title_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n give_v which_o suppose_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o give_v and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o imaginable_a necessity_n from_o any_o doctrine_n of_o their_o church_n to_o put_v this_o sense_n upon_o those_o word_n for_o what_o article_n of_o their_o creed_n what_o decree_n of_o their_o church_n what_o doctrine_n of_o their_o divine_n do_v it_o contradict_v for_o any_o man_n to_o pray_v direct_o to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o heresy_n support_v under_o trouble_n grace_n to_o withstand_v temptation_n and_o reception_n to_o glory_n and_o what_o can_v we_o beg_v for_o more_o from_o god_n himself_o yet_o i_o challenge_v t._n g._n to_o show_v which_o of_o all_o these_o such_o prayer_n be_v repugnant_a to_o and_o if_o to_o none_o of_o they_o why_o shall_v not_o the_o word_n be_v understand_v as_o they_o proper_o signify_v nay_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v that_o such_o prayer_n be_v very_o agreeable_a not_o only_o to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n but_o of_o their_o most_o eminent_a divine_n both_o before_o and_o after_o it_o but_o this_o be_v to_o go_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o general_a discourse_n which_o be_v design_v only_o to_o state_n the_o nature_n of_o divine_a worship_n between_o we_o and_o they_o yet_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o way_n t._n g._n say_v 407._o the_o people_n be_v instruct_v by_o to_o make_v this_o to_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o pray_v to_o give_v i._n e._n pray_v to_o pray_v 1._o he_o say_v the_o common_a doctrine_n of_o christianity_n by_o which_o they_o be_v teach_v that_o god_n alone_o be_v the_o giver_n of_o all_o good_a thing_n and_o do_v not_o the_o same_o common_a doctrine_n of_o christianity_n teach_v man_n to_o pray_v to_o he_o alone_o for_o what_o he_o only_o can_v give_v and_o not_o to_o use_v such_o bold_a and_o absurd_a figure_n in_o prayer_n who_o plain_a sense_n be_v contrary_a to_o this_o common_a doctrine_n of_o christianity_n but_o i_o wonder_v that_o t._n g._n shall_v think_v this_o a_o effectual_a way_n to_o make_v they_o understand_v the_o prayer_n in_o this_o sense_n when_o himself_o have_v show_v they_o the_o way_n to_o reconcile_v this_o common_a doctrine_n to_o their_o practice_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o word_n for_o may_v not_o give_v be_v distinguish_v as_o well_o as_o worship_v it_o be_v true_a god_n alone_o be_v the_o original_a giver_n of_o all_o good_a thing_n and_o this_o be_v a_o sovereign_a way_n of_o give_v peculiar_a to_o god_n but_o there_o be_v a_o inferior_a and_o subordinate_a way_n of_o give_v by_o a_o power_n derive_v from_o god_n and_o this_o be_v all_o say_v they_o we_o attribute_v to_o the_o saint_n and_o how_o now_o do_v the_o common_a doctrine_n of_o christianity_n teach_v people_n more_o effectual_o that_o god_n alone_o be_v the_o giver_n of_o all_o thing_n than_o that_o god_n alone_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v i_o be_o sure_a the_o scripture_n say_v one_o as_o often_o and_o in_o as_o plain_a term_n as_o it_o can_v do_v the_o other_o but_o 2._o he_o say_v their_o sermon_n catechism_n and_o explication_n both_o by_o word_n and_o writing_n do_v it_o suppose_v some_o person_n do_v it_o i_o ask_v by_o what_o authority_n their_o church_n have_v never_o declare_v against_o a_o inferior_a way_n of_o give_v in_o the_o saint_n and_o have_v express_o own_v the_o make_v recourse_n to_o they_o for_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n as_o well_o as_o their_o prayer_n i_o desire_v t._n g._n in_o good_a earnest_n to_o tell_v i_o what_o make_v he_o so_o concern_v to_o have_v all_o the_o prayer_n understand_v in_o that_o sense_n of_o pray_v to_o the_o saint_n to_o pray_v for_o they_o against_o the_o express_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v there_o any_o harm_n in_o the_o other_o sense_n or_o not_o if_o there_o be_v no_o harm_n why_o may_v they_o not_o be_v so_o understand_v without_o so_o much_o
life_n on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o intercession_n for_o they_o and_o that_o they_o trust_v more_o to_o they_o especial_o to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n than_o to_o christ_n himself_o and_o that_o what_o interpretation_n soever_o some_o man_n put_v upon_o those_o title_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o heaven_n mother_n of_o mercy_n etc._n etc._n the_o common_a people_n do_v not_o understand_v they_o according_a to_o their_o sense_n of_o they_o nay_o erasmus_n go_v far_o 2._o say_v that_o their_o very_a preacher_n worship_v the_o bless_a virgin_n with_o more_o religion_n or_o devotion_n than_o they_o do_v christ_n himself_o or_o his_o holy_a spirit_n call_v she_o the_o mother_n of_o grace_n by_o all_o which_o we_o see_v that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o divine_a worship_n be_v not_o so_o clear_o state_v by_o they_o but_o that_o the_o more_o ingenuous_a man_n who_o have_v live_v and_o die_v in_o the_o communion_n of_o that_o church_n have_v think_v not_o only_o the_o people_n but_o the_o teacher_n very_o much_o to_o blame_v in_o it_o 19_o 2._o my_o business_n now_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o father_n in_o this_o dispute_n about_o the_o notion_n of_o divine_a worship_n not_o to_o handle_v particular_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o father_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o question_n of_o invocation_n of_o saint_n but_o to_o show_v that_o they_o go_v upon_o the_o same_o principle_n i_o have_v here_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o distinction_n between_o the_o honour_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o and_o while_o they_o speak_v most_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o saint_n they_o deny_v any_o religious_a worship_n to_o be_v perform_v to_o they_o origen_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o book_n against_o celsus_n 10._o make_v that_o to_o be_v the_o property_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n that_o god_n only_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v but_o that_o other_o may_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d worthy_a of_o honour_n but_o not_o of_o worship_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o speak_v as_o plain_o as_o word_n can_v express_v his_o meaning_n although_o say_v he_o we_o shall_v believe_v that_o 416._o angel_n be_v set_v over_o these_o thing_n below_o yet_o we_o only_o praise_v and_o magnify_v they_o but_o all_o our_o prayer_n be_v only_o to_o be_v make_v to_o god_n and_o not_o to_o any_o angel_n and_o only_o jesus_n christ_n be_v to_o offer_v up_o our_o prayer_n to_o god_n 233._o and_o lest_o any_o shall_v imagine_v he_o mean_v only_o some_o kind_n of_o prayer_n he_o say_v express_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o prayer_n and_o supplication_n and_o intercession_n 238._o and_o say_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o pray_v to_o they_o who_o pray_v for_o we_o but_o now_o what_o say_v t._n g._n to_o these_o place_n which_o except_v the_o first_o i_o have_v object_v against_o the_o practice_n of_o invocation_n of_o saint_n and_o angel_n in_o my_o former_a discourse_n why_o true_o he_o say_v 361._o that_o origen_n meaning_n be_v partly_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o pray_v to_o they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o we_o do_v to_o god_n but_o we_o may_v pray_v to_o they_o after_o another_o manner_n but_o be_v that_o inferior_a sort_n of_o prayer_n prayer_n or_o not_o when_o we_o desire_v they_o to_o pray_v for_o we_o be_v not_o that_o desire_v their_o intercession_n for_o we_o but_o origen_n deny_v that_o any_o prayer_n be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o they_o or_o any_o one_o to_o be_v pray_v to_o although_o it_o be_v only_o to_o intercede_v with_o god_n for_o we_o but_o only_o the_o son_n of_o god_n i_o remember_v a_o answer_n of_o a_o devout_a servant_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n much_o like_o this_o of_o t._n g._n for_o when_o it_o be_v object_v that_o she_o can_v not_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o redemption_n for_o mankind_n because_o it_o be_v say_v isa._n 63.3_o i_o have_v tread_v the_o wine-press_n alone_o and_o of_o the_o people_n there_o be_v no_o man_n with_o i_o true_o say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o man_n with_o thou_o 2._o but_o there_o may_v be_v a_o woman_n for_o all_o that_o so_o do_v t._n g._n deal_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o father_n let_v they_o be_v never_o so_o express_v against_o all_o sort_n of_o prayer_n and_o invocation_n they_o hold_v only_o of_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o prayer_n but_o there_o may_v be_v another_o and_o inferior_a sort_n notwithstanding_o but_o be_v there_o any_o sort_n that_o be_v not_o comprehend_v under_o all_o and_o that_o origen_n can_v be_v understand_v in_o these_o passage_n of_o such_o prayer_n only_o as_o suppose_v the_o supreme_a excellency_n in_o god_n most_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o dispute_n between_o celsus_n and_o he_o which_o be_v not_o about_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n but_o of_o inferior_a spirit_n and_o minister_n to_o he_o as_o have_v be_v full_o prove_v already_o the_o church_n of_o philomelium_n in_o that_o noble_a testimony_n concern_v the_o martyrdom_n of_o polycarp_n 15._o make_v the_o same_o distinction_n between_o honour_n and_o worship_n for_o they_o utter_o deny_v give_v any_o worship_n to_o a_o creature_n as_o inconsistent_a with_o christianity_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o confess_v the_o honour_n and_o esteem_v they_o have_v for_o the_o martyr_n which_o they_o express_v by_o meeting_n at_o the_o place_n of_o their_o martyrdom_n keep_v their_o anniversary_n day_n and_o recommend_v their_o example_n to_o the_o imitation_n of_o other_o in_o the_o former_a discourse_n i_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o justin_n martyr_n theophilus_n antiochenus_fw-la and_o mention_v many_o other_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n viz._n that_o all_o religious_a worship_n be_v due_a only_o to_o god_n and_o with_o this_o double_a caution_n to_o prevent_v cavil_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v without_o make_v any_o distinction_n of_o absolute_a and_o relative_a worship_n which_o they_o must_v have_v be_v drive_v to_o in_o case_n they_o have_v give_v religious_a worship_n to_o any_o beside_o 2._o that_o when_o the_o christian_n refuse_v to_o give_v adoration_n to_o the_o emperor_n it_o can_v not_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o adoration_n proper_a to_o the_o supreme_a god_n for_o none_o can_v be_v so_o senseless_a to_o imagine_v they_o require_v that_o but_o such_o kind_n of_o religious_a worship_n as_o they_o give_v to_o the_o image_n of_o their_o go_n to_o all_o this_o t._n g._n reply_n 340._o i._o that_o these_o testimony_n be_v impertinent_a because_o they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o that_o divine_a worship_n which_o be_v due_a to_o god_n alone_o and_o not_o of_o the_o inferior_a worship_n which_o belong_v to_o saint_n or_o angel_n may_v he_o not_o as_o well_o have_v say_v that_o they_o prove_v that_o no_o man_n may_v be_v worship_v but_o a_o woman_n may_v for_o the_o force_n of_o the_o testimony_n do_v not_o lie_v mere_o in_o this_o that_o they_o attribute_v divine_a worship_n only_o to_o god_n but_o that_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o most_o general_a term_n which_o signify_v worship_n without_o any_o distinction_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o kind_n of_o that_o worship_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v on_o a_o religious_a account_n for_o no_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n will_v have_v write_v as_o they_o do_v if_o they_o have_v believe_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o religious_a worship_n be_v lawful_a to_o be_v give_v and_o another_o not_o do_v t._n g._n think_v that_o he_o shall_v ever_o escape_v censure_n in_o his_o church_n if_o he_o shall_v say_v peremptory_o that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o give_v any_o kind_n of_o religious_a worship_n to_o a_o creature_n when_o the_o very_a indices_fw-la of_o the_o father_n can_v escape_v the_o index_n expurgatorius_fw-la for_o blab_a so_o great_a a_o truth_n no_o we_o shall_v have_v t._n g._n present_o out_o with_o his_o distinction_n worship_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n supreme_a call_v latria_n inferior_a call_v dulia_n religious_a may_v be_v take_v in_o two_o sense_n 1._o that_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o virtue_n of_o religion_n and_o that_o be_v proper_a to_o god_n 2._o that_o which_o tend_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o religion_n and_o that_o may_v be_v give_v to_o creature_n and_o thus_o will_v the_o father_n have_v write_v if_o they_o have_v ever_o look_v over_o aristotle_n threshold_n and_o be_v of_o t._n g_n mind_n and_o therefore_o my_o argument_n which_o proceed_v upon_o the_o general_a term_n of_o the_o father_n without_o intimate_v any_o such_o distinction_n do_v hold_v good_a that_o either_o they_o do_v not_o write_v like_o understand_a man_n or_o they_o know_v no_o such_o distinction_n as_o these_o 2._o that_o although_o justin_n martyr_n and_o theophilus_n deny_v divine_a worship_n to_o be_v give_v to_o emperor_n yet_o they_o both_o imply_v 342._o that_o lawful_a worship_n
thing_n with_o much_o ceremony_n but_o we_o do_v not_o believe_v these_o statue_n to_o be_v brahma_n or_o bechen_a etc._n etc._n themselves_o but_o only_o their_o image_n and_o representation_n and_o we_o do_v not_o give_v they_o that_o honour_n but_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o what_o they_o represent_v they_o be_v in_o our_o temple_n because_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o pray_v well_o to_o have_v something_o before_o our_o eye_n that_o may_v fix_v the_o mind_n and_o when_o we_o pray_v it_o be_v not_o the_o statue_n we_o pray_v to_o but_o he_o that_o be_v represent_v by_o it_o for_o the_o rest_n we_o acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v god_n that_o be_v absolute_a and_o the_o only_a omnipotent_a lord_n and_o master_n this_o say_v he_o be_v his_o answer_n without_o add_v or_o substract_v any_o thing_n and_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v resolve_v by_o t._n g._n whether_o upon_o these_o principle_n they_o be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n or_o no_o i_o be_o sure_a their_o church_n account_v they_o so_o and_o yet_o they_o neither_o believe_v their_o image_n to_o be_v god_n nor_o terminate_v their_o worship_n upon_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v guilty_a upon_o these_o principle_n t.g._n can_v never_o clear_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o beside_o they_o have_v another_o way_n of_o defend_v themselves_o which_o the_o same_o author_n give_v this_o account_n of_o viz._n that_o god_n or_o that_o sovereign_n be_v who_o they_o call_v achar_n immutable_a have_v produce_v or_o draw_v out_o of_o his_o own_o substance_n not_o only_o soul_n 178._o but_o also_o whatever_o be_v material_a and_o corporeal_a in_o the_o universe_n so_o that_o all_o the_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o be_v god_n himself_o as_o all_o number_n be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o unity_n repeat_v if_o this_o principle_n of_o they_o be_v true_a i_o hope_v they_o may_v stand_v upon_o even_a term_n with_o t._n g._n as_o to_o the_o adoration_n of_o the_o host._n for_o if_o the_o belief_n on_o one_o side_n will_v justify_v his_o church_n from_o idolatry_n a_o sufficient_a object_n of_o adoration_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v present_a i_o hope_v the_o same_o supposition_n on_o their_o side_n may_v do_v it_o too_o so_o that_o if_o man_n can_v be_v but_o foolish_a and_o extravagant_a enough_o in_o their_o opinion_n about_o a_o thing_n they_o need_v not_o doubt_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o worship_n they_o pay_v to_o it_o and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o mere_a supposition_n not_o only_o appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o this_o inquisitive_a person_n but_o by_o what_o trigautius_n say_v of_o the_o chinese_n 10._o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v very_o prevalent_a among_o the_o learned_a man_n there_o that_o make_v the_o world_n and_o god_n to_o be_v one_o substance_n of_o which_o all_o particular_a thing_n be_v member_n and_o by_o what_o alexander_n valignanus_n 2._o provincial_a of_o the_o jesuit_n in_o the_o indies_n for_o thirty_o year_n have_v say_v upon_o this_o subject_n in_o his_o discourse_n about_o the_o best_a mean_n of_o convert_v the_o japonese_n print_v by_o possevine_n he_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o sect_n among_o they_o who_o hold_v but_o one_o principle_n which_o they_o call_v the_o first_o reason_n and_o the_o true_a opinion_n and_o the_o divine_a truth_n and_o that_o this_o principle_n be_v all_o thing_n and_o all_o thing_n be_v nothing_o but_o it_o extend_v now_o and_o do_v return_v into_o it_o again_o upon_o their_o dissolution_n that_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v the_o same_o with_o it_o that_o man_n by_o inward_a contemplation_n may_v now_o attain_v to_o a_o knowledge_n of_o and_o union_n with_o this_o first_o principle_n and_o as_o one_o of_o the_o japonese_n convert_v say_v after_o a_o man_n have_v spend_v thirty_o year_n in_o this_o contemplation_n he_o be_v then_o fit_a to_o be_v canonize_v and_o to_o be_v worship_v among_o their_o cami_n and_o fotoques_fw-la this_o first_o principle_n they_o grant_v to_o be_v one_o absolute_o perfect_a and_o wise_a but_o not_o thoughtful_a but_o live_v in_o perfect_a ease_n and_o happiness_n this_o say_v bernier_n be_v the_o great_a cabala_n of_o the_o brahmin_n and_o persian_n and_o if_o valignanus_n may_v be_v credit_v be_v so_o of_o the_o japonese_n too_o and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o very_a same_o which_o orpheus_n have_v from_o the_o egyptian_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o most_o plausible_a reason_n of_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o any_o thing_n which_o be_v propose_v for_o adoration_n valignanus_n offer_v a_o great_a many_o argument_n against_o this_o opinion_n but_o i_o dare_v say_v not_o one_o of_o they_o strong_a or_o plain_a than_o those_o which_o be_v daily_o bring_v against_o transubstantiation_n and_o yet_o t._n g._n will_n by_o no_o mean_n allow_v any_o idolatry_n therein_o because_o the_o object_n suppose_v to_o be_v present_a deserve_v our_o adoration_n but_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n valignanus_n confess_v do_v acknowledge_v a_o supreme_a be_v who_o they_o call_v tento_fw-la and_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o world_n and_o to_o he_o in_o their_o great_a distress_n they_o make_v supplication_n believe_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v well_o know_v by_o he_o but_o under_o he_o they_o suppose_v many_o cami_n and_o fotoques_fw-la to_o be_v who_o they_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v have_v a_o beginning_n such_o as_o xaca_n and_o amida_n and_o canon_n and_o toranga_n and_o many_o other_o to_o who_o they_o make_v their_o daily_a address_n in_o their_o temple_n and_o the_o reason_n which_o valignanus_n give_v against_o this_o way_n of_o worship_n among_o they_o deserve_v our_o consideration_n 1._o because_o god_n only_o have_v the_o power_n of_o confer_v the_o blessing_n of_o this_o life_n or_o another_o upon_o we_o 5._o and_o his_o argument_n must_v hold_v as_o to_o both_o or_o else_o it_o do_v not_o reach_v home_o for_o the_o japonese_n be_v observe_v more_o to_o pray_v to_o their_o saint_n or_o deity_n for_o riches_n and_o health_n and_o honour_n than_o for_o what_o belong_v to_o another_o life_n 2._o because_o xaca_n and_o amida_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cami_n and_o fotoque_fw-la be_v once_o man_n and_o therefore_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o world_n can_v be_v commit_v to_o they_o be_v a_o thing_n above_o humane_a understanding_n very_o well_o again_o and_o if_o this_o argument_n signify_v any_o thing_n it_o must_v extend_v to_o their_o incapacity_n of_o receive_v their_o address_n for_o want_n of_o divine_a knowledge_n otherwise_o they_o may_v pray_v to_o amida_n and_o xaca_n still_o as_o mediator_n at_o least_o between_o god_n and_o they_o 3._o because_o the_o world_n be_v before_o they_o have_v a_o be_v and_o consequent_o be_v govern_v by_o that_o wise_a be_v which_o make_v it_o and_o he_o that_o dispose_v of_o thing_n then_o do_v so_o still_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o absurd_a thing_n to_o pray_v to_o and_o adore_v such_o being_n which_o do_v not_o make_v the_o world_n all_o which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v reasonable_o and_o true_o say_v and_o only_o desire_v they_o may_v be_v remember_v against_o another_o day_n and_o what_o he_o add_v about_o the_o great_a affront_n which_o be_v offer_v to_o god_n when_o the_o honour_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o be_v give_v to_o any_o creature_n 6._o either_o dead_a man_n or_o image_n or_o devil_n and_o yet_o he_o make_v no_o scruple_n notwithstanding_o the_o former_a pretence_n to_o charge_v these_o gentile_n with_o idolatry_n 15._o it_o remain_v now_o that_o i_o consider_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o chinese_n that_o i_o mean_v which_o be_v proper_o they_o and_o be_v by_o writer_n common_o call_v the_o first_o sect_n among_o they_o and_o by_o martinius_n the_o philosophical_a sect._n 7._o although_o he_o admire_v they_o for_o their_o morality_n yet_o he_o say_v although_o ancient_o they_o do_v believe_v and_o worship_v one_o god_n yet_o that_o now_o they_o have_v leave_v off_o to_o worship_v he_o because_o they_o do_v not_o know_v how_o to_o do_v it_o but_o greuber_n 6._o who_o come_v late_a from_o thence_o say_v that_o they_o do_v profess_v to_o worship_v one_o supreme_a be_v which_o they_o call_v sciax-ti_a and_o adore_v he_o by_o certain_a sacrifice_n of_o paper_n and_o incense_n they_o worship_v no_o pagod_n or_o idol_n say_v semedo_n 18._o but_o acknowledge_v a_o superiority_n or_o deity_n who_o be_v able_a to_o chastise_v or_o reward_v but_o they_o have_v no_o church_n wherein_o they_o worship_v he_o nor_o any_o divine_a service_n which_o they_o celebrate_v nor_o any_o prayer_n that_o they_o rehearse_v nor_o any_o priest_n or_o minister_n which_o officiate_n at_o his_o service_n yet_o they_o speak_v and_o write_v very_o honourable_o of_o he_o neither_o do_v they_o attribute_v any_o undecent_a thing_n to_o he_o as_o our_o ancestor_n do_v
the_o brazen_a serpent_n stand_v to_o excite_v the_o devotion_n of_o the_o people_n towards_o god_n in_o remembrance_n of_o what_o he_o do_v to_o the_o people_n of_o old_a by_o the_o mean_n of_o it_o but_o it_o seem_v hezekiah_n have_v not_o look_v over_o aristotle_n threshold_n so_o far_o as_o to_o know_v that_o act_n go_v whither_o they_o be_v intend_v and_o therefore_o he_o take_v the_o give_v of_o that_o part_n of_o worship_n which_o god_n have_v appropriate_v to_o himself_o to_o the_o brazen_a serpent_n to_o be_v sufficient_a ground_n for_o the_o demolish_n of_o it_o without_o particular_a enquiry_n into_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o person_n yet_o i_o must_v say_v for_o t._n g._n that_o he_o do_v not_o seem_v so_o confident_a of_o the_o indifferency_n of_o this_o ceremony_n under_o the_o law_n for_o he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o appropriate_v at_o least_o in_o the_o new_a law_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v in_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o church_n to_o determine_v how_o and_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v use_v if_o he_o mean_v by_o the_o new_a law_n the_o rubric_n or_o practice_v of_o their_o church_n he_o say_v true_a for_o incense_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v burn_v to_o image_n and_o crucifix_n 13._o and_o relic_n out_o of_o religious_a honour_n to_o they_o but_o if_o by_o the_o new_a law_n he_o mean_v the_o law_n of_o christ_n that_o do_v not_o that_o i_o can_v find_v make_v any_o thing_n that_o god_n have_v appropriate_v to_o himself_o as_o a_o sign_n of_o his_o own_o worship_n to_o be_v common_a to_o any_o creature_n with_o he_o but_o i_o be_o sure_o before_o that_o burn_v of_o incense_n before_o image_n 11._o be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o abomination_n of_o israel_n 5._o solemn_a invocation_n be_v a_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n appropriate_v to_o god_n himself_o 11._o my_o house_n be_v the_o house_n of_o prayer_n say_v our_o saviour_n of_o the_o temple_n 19.48_o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o solemn_a invocation_n be_v then_o look_v on_o as_o a_o peculiar_a part_n of_o divine_a worship_n but_o i_o need_v not_o prove_v this_o since_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o our_o adversary_n that_o one_o sort_n of_o invocation_n be_v so_o proper_a to_o god_n that_o to_o give_v it_o to_o any_o beside_o he_o be_v idolatry_n which_o be_v as_o t._n g._n express_v it_o 288._o the_o prayer_n we_o make_v to_o god_n as_o the_o author_n and_o giver_n of_o all_o good_a but_o a_o low_a sort_n of_o invocation_n he_o contend_v may_v be_v give_v to_o saint_n and_o angel_n my_o business_n here_o be_v not_o to_o discuss_v the_o point_n of_o invocation_n which_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v at_o large_a in_o its_o proper_a place_n but_o to_o show_v in_o what_o sense_n it_o be_v understand_v among_o those_o to_o who_o god_n give_v the_o law_n of_o his_o worship_n and_o whether_o this_o inferior_a sort_n of_o invocation_n be_v think_v consistent_a with_o the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n we_o will_v then_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o jerusalem_n at_o the_o hour_n of_o prayer_n the_o jew_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o with_o the_o same_o outward_a solemnity_n of_o worship_n shall_v make_v their_o prayer_n first_o to_o god_n to_o have_v mercy_n upon_o they_o and_o then_o immediate_o to_o make_v their_o address_n to_o abraham_n and_o sarah_n isaac_n and_o rebecca_n jacob_n and_o joseph_n and_o moses_n and_o the_o prophet_n to_o pray_v for_o they_o whether_o will_v this_o have_v be_v think_v agreeable_a to_o the_o command_n of_o worship_v god_n alone_o especial_o if_o these_o prayer_n be_v say_v before_o the_o image_n of_o those_o person_n set_v up_o in_o the_o temple_n for_o if_o the_o law_n do_v only_o forbid_v the_o worship_n of_o heathen_a idol_n there_o will_v be_v no_o repugnancy_n to_o the_o law_n in_o all_o this_o what_o course_n can_v we_o now_o take_v to_o resolve_v this_o question_n i_o know_v but_o three_o way_n of_o do_v it_o 1._o by_o compare_v this_o practice_n with_o the_o precept_n of_o worship_n for_o god_n be_v to_o appoint_v the_o law_n and_o rule_n of_o it_o we_o be_v to_o inquire_v in_o the_o first_o place_n what_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n be_v as_o to_o this_o matter_n for_o he_o best_o know_v what_o worship_n be_v please_v to_o he_o if_o he_o have_v therefore_o appropriate_v all_o act_n of_o religious_a worship_n to_o himself_o as_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o have_v do_v by_o that_o law_n thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v than_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o give_v it_o to_o any_o other_o if_o it_o be_v say_v they_o do_v not_o give_v the_o worship_n proper_a to_o god_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v who_o shall_v judge_v what_o be_v the_o worship_n proper_a to_o god_n he_o by_o his_o law_n or_o we_o by_o distinction_n of_o our_o own_o make_n have_v god_n himself_o make_v any_o such_o distinction_n as_o this_o be_v have_v he_o bid_v man_n to_o pray_v to_o he_o as_o the_o author_n and_o giver_n of_o all_o good_a but_o to_o angel_n or_o saint_n as_o mediator_n and_o intercessor_n to_o he_o nay_o have_v he_o not_o forbid_v it_o when_o he_o command_v that_o all_o religious_a worship_n without_o distinction_n be_v give_v to_o himself_o and_o where_o the_o law_n do_v not_o distinguish_v what_o presumption_n be_v it_o in_o we_o to_o do_v it_o 2._o by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o jewish_a church_n and_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o our_o adversary_n 10._o that_o there_o be_v no_o invocation_n of_o saint_n then_o use_v because_o say_v they_o the_o saint_n be_v then_o only_o in_o limbo_n and_o not_o in_o their_o perfect_a happiness_n nor_o place_v over_o the_o church_n as_o they_o be_v now_o but_o the_o jew_n know_v of_o no_o such_o reason_n as_o this_o to_o hinder_v they_o for_o they_o believe_v those_o great_a saint_n to_o be_v in_o a_o state_n of_o perfect_a felicity_n therefore_o this_o can_v be_v no_o ground_n to_o hinder_v they_o and_o withal_o they_o have_v so_o mighty_a a_o veneration_n for_o the_o patriarch_n and_o so_o great_a a_o dread_n of_o the_o divine_a majesty_n that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v lawful_a none_o will_v have_v be_v more_o ready_a to_o have_v make_v use_n of_o they_o as_o mediator_n than_o they_o for_o we_o see_v how_o ready_a they_o be_v to_o entreat_v moses_n to_o be_v a_o mediator_n between_o god_n and_o they_o 5.27_o why_o shall_v not_o they_o have_v continue_v this_o after_o his_o death_n if_o they_o have_v believe_v one_o to_o be_v as_o lawful_a as_o the_o other_o but_o although_o they_o do_v not_o invocate_v saint_n they_o may_v do_v angel_n and_o some_o have_v attempt_v to_o prove_v they_o do_v although_o the_o jew_n know_v of_o no_o such_o practice_n among_o they_o albeit_o they_o attribute_v so_o much_o to_o the_o power_n of_o angel_n 17._o that_o nothing_o but_o the_o fear_n of_o idolatry_n can_v restrain_v they_o for_o they_o believe_v one_o to_o be_v a_o spirit_n set_v over_o fire_n and_o another_o over_o water_n another_o over_o cloud_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o eastern_a idolater_n do_v but_o do_v not_o jacob_n pray_v to_o the_o angel_n gen._n 48.16_o the_o angel_n that_o redeem_v i_o from_o all_o evil_a bless_v the_o lad_n no_o say_v abarbinel_n 2._o it_o be_v only_o a_o prayer_n to_o god_n that_o have_v make_v use_n of_o his_o angel_n for_o he_o say_v god_n before_o who_o my_o father_n do_v walk_v the_o god_n which_o feed_v i_o all_o my_o life_n long_o unto_o this_o day_n the_o angel_n which_o redeem_v i_o etc._n etc._n if_o this_o be_v a_o invocation_n of_o the_o angel_n it_o be_v a_o invocation_n of_o he_o as_o the_o author_n and_o giver_n of_o all_o good_a which_o t._n g._n confess_v to_o be_v idolatry_n but_o abravanel_n parallel_v it_o with_o that_o say_n of_o abraham_n the_o lord_n god_n of_o heaven_n which_o take_v i_o from_o my_o father_n house_n 24.7_o he_o shall_v send_v his_o angel_n before_o thou_o but_o we_o need_v not_o run_v to_o the_o jew_n to_o clear_a this_o place_n for_o s._n athanasius_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o invocation_n 464._o from_o thence_o prove_v that_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o eternal_a son_n of_o god_n for_o say_v he_o jacob_n will_v never_o have_v join_v a_o creature_n together_o with_o god_n in_o his_o prayer_n and_o s._n cyrill_n 2._o more_o general_o who_o will_v ever_o pray_v in_o the_o name_n of_o angel_n and_o s._n hierome_n in_o term_n as_o large_a and_o express_a as_o may_v be_v nullum_fw-la invocare_fw-la i._n e._n in_o nos_fw-la orando_fw-la vocare_fw-la nisi_fw-la deum_fw-la debemus_fw-la we_o ought_v to_o invocate_v none_o by_o pray_v to_o they_o but_o god_n himself_o and_o from_o thence_o he_o prove_v the_o wisdom_n there_o speak_v of_o
that_o only_o reads_z t._n g._n and_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n will_v imagine_v all_o the_o dispute_n between_o he_o and_o i_o be_v whether_o the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v any_o honour_n from_o man_n and_o whether_o that_o honour_n be_v give_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n may_v be_v call_v religious_a honour_n or_o no_o this_o be_v indeed_o to_o wrangle_v about_o word_n which_o i_o perfect_o hate_v i_o will_v therefore_o free_o tell_v he_o how_o far_o i_o yield_v in_o this_o matter_n that_o he_o may_v better_o understand_v where_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v 1._o i_o yield_v that_o the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n do_v deserve_v real_a honour_n and_o esteem_v from_o we_o and_o i_o do_v agree_v with_o mr._n thorndike_n who_o word_n he_o cite_v therein_o that_o to_o dispute_v whether_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o honour_v the_o saint_n be_v to_o dispute_v whether_o we_o be_v to_o be_v christian_n or_o whether_o we_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v saint_n in_o heaven_n for_o on_o supposition_n that_o we_o believe_v that_o the_o great_a excellency_n of_o man_n mind_n come_v from_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n communicate_v to_o man_n through_o jesus_n christ_n and_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o such_o person_n now_o in_o heaven_n be_v possess_v of_o those_o excellency_n it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o than_o esteem_n and_o honour_v they_o for_o honour_v in_o this_o sense_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o due_a apprehension_n of_o another_o excellency_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o degree_n of_o those_o excellency_n since_o therefore_o we_o believe_v the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n be_v possess_v of_o they_o in_o a_o high_a degree_n than_o they_o be_v on_o earth_n our_o esteem_n of_o they_o must_v increase_v according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o perfection_n 2._o that_o the_o honour_n we_o have_v for_o they_o may_v be_v call_v religious_a honour_n because_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o we_o may_v call_v religious_a excellency_n as_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o mere_a natural_a endowment_n and_o civil_a accomplishment_n on_o which_o account_n i_o will_v grant_v that_o be_v not_o proper_o civil_a honour_n because_o the_o motive_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o one_o be_v real_o different_a from_o the_o other_o and_o although_o the_o whole_a church_n of_o christ_n in_o heaven_n and_o earth_n make_v up_o one_o body_n yet_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o society_n be_v so_o different_a from_o a_o civil_a society_n that_o a_o different_a title_n and_o denomination_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o honour_n which_o belong_v to_o either_o of_o they_o and_o the_o honour_n of_o those_o of_o the_o triumphant_a church_n may_v the_o better_o be_v call_v religious_a because_o it_o be_v a_o honour_n which_o particular_o descend_v from_o the_o object_n of_o religion_n viz._n god_n himself_o as_o the_o fountain_n of_o it_o as_o civil_a honour_n do_v from_o the_o head_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n 3._o that_o this_o honour_n may_v be_v express_v in_o such_o outward_a act_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o and_o herein_o lie_v a_o considerable_a difference_n between_o the_o honour_n of_o man_n for_o natural_a and_o acquire_v excellency_n and_o divine_a grace_n that_o those_o have_v more_o of_o humane_a nature_n in_o they_o the_o honour_n do_v more_o direct_o redound_v to_o the_o possessor_n of_o they_o but_o in_o divine_a grace_n which_o be_v more_o immediate_o convey_v into_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n through_o a_o supernatural_a assistance_n the_o honour_n do_v proper_o belong_v to_o the_o giver_n of_o they_o therefore_o the_o most_o agreeable_a expression_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o saint_n be_v solemn_a thanksgiving_n to_o god_n for_o they_o for_o thereby_o we_o acknowledge_v the_o true_a fountain_n of_o all_o the_o good_a they_o do_v or_o receive_v however_o for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o man_n to_o follow_v their_o example_n and_o to_o perpetuate_v their_o memory_n the_o primitive_a christian_n think_v it_o very_o fit_v to_o meet_v at_o the_o place_n of_o their_o martyrdom_n there_o to_o praise_n god_n for_o they_o and_o to_o perform_v other_o office_n of_o religious_a worship_n to_o god_n and_o to_o observe_v the_o anniversary_n of_o their_o suffering_n and_o to_o have_v panegyric_n make_v to_o set_v forth_o their_o virtue_n to_o excite_v other_o the_o more_o to_o their_o imitation_n thus_o far_o i_o free_o yield_v to_o t._n g._n to_o let_v he_o see_v what_o pitiful_a cavil_v those_o be_v that_o if_o man_n deserve_v honour_n for_o natural_a or_o supernatural_a endowment_n sure_o the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n much_o more_o do_v so_o who_o deny_v it_o we_o give_v the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n the_o utmost_a honour_n we_o dare_v give_v without_o rob_v god_n of_o that_o which_o belong_v only_o to_o he_o which_o be_v that_o of_o religious_a worship_n and_o consist_v in_o the_o acknowledgement_n we_o make_v of_o god_n supreme_a excellency_n together_o with_o his_o power_n and_o dominion_n over_o we_o and_o so_o religious_a worship_n consist_v in_o two_o thing_n 1._o such_o external_a act_n of_o religion_n which_o god_n have_v appropriate_v to_o himself_o 2._o such_o a_o inward_a submission_n of_o our_o soul_n as_o imply_v his_o superiority_n over_o they_o and_o that_o lie_v as_o to_o worship_n 1._o in_o prayer_n to_o he_o for_o what_o we_o want_v 2._o in_o dependence_n upon_o he_o for_o help_n and_o assistance_n 3._o in_o thankfulness_n to_o he_o for_o what_o we_o receive_v prayer_n be_v a_o signification_n of_o want_n and_o the_o expression_n of_o our_o desire_n of_o obtain_v that_o which_o we_o need_v and_o whosoever_o beg_v any_o thing_n of_o another_o do_v in_o so_o do_v not_o only_o acknowledge_v his_o own_o indigency_n but_o the_o other_o power_n to_o supply_v he_o therefore_o suarez_n true_o observe_v from_o aquinas_n 3._o that_o as_o command_n be_v towards_o inferior_n so_o be_v prayer_n towards_o superior_n now_o to_o this_o say_v he_o two_o thing_n be_v requisite_a 1._o that_o a_o man_n apprehend_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o superior_a to_o give_v what_o we_o ask_v 2._o that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v it_o if_o it_o be_v ask_v of_o he_o the_o expectation_n of_o the_o performance_n of_o our_o desire_n be_v that_o we_o call_v dependence_n upon_o he_o for_o help_n and_o assistance_n and_o our_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o do_v it_o be_v thankfulness_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v prayer_n as_o a_o part_n of_o religious_a worship_n we_o be_v to_o inquire_v on_o what_o account_n it_o come_v to_o be_v so_o not_o as_o though_o thereby_o we_o do_v discover_v any_o thing_n to_o god_n which_o he_o do_v not_o know_v before_o nor_o as_o though_o we_o hope_v to_o change_v his_o will_n upon_o our_o prayer_n but_o that_o thereby_o we_o profess_v our_o subjection_n to_o he_o and_o our_o dependence_n on_o he_o for_o the_o supply_n of_o our_o necessity_n for_o although_o prayer_n be_v look_v on_o by_o we_o as_o the_o mean_n to_o obtain_v our_o request_n yet_o the_o consideration_n upon_o which_o that_o become_v a_o mean_n be_v that_o thereby_o we_o express_v our_o most_o humble_a dependence_n upon_o god_n it_o be_v the_o difference_n observe_v by_o gul._n parisiensis_fw-la between_o humane_a and_o divine_a prayer_n 2._o that_o prayer_n among_o man_n be_v suppose_v a_o mean_n to_o change_v the_o person_n to_o who_o we_o pray_v but_o prayer_n to_o god_n do_v not_o change_v he_o but_o fit_v we_o for_o receive_v the_o thing_n pray_v for_o this_o one_o consideration_n be_v of_o great_a importance_n towards_o the_o resolution_n of_o our_o present_a question_n than_o have_v be_v hitherto_o imagine_v for_o the_o question_n of_o invocation_n do_v not_o depend_v so_o much_o upon_o the_o manner_n of_o obtain_v the_o thing_n we_o desire_v i._n e._n whether_o we_o pray_v to_o the_o saint_n to_o obtain_v thing_n by_o their_o merit_n and_o intercession_n which_o be_v allow_v and_o contend_v for_o by_o all_o in_o the_o roman_a church_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o do_v bestow_v the_o thing_n themselves_o upon_o we_o which_o they_o deny_v but_o the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n be_v this_o whether_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o invocation_n of_o saint_n which_o be_v allow_v and_o practise_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n they_o do_v not_o give_v that_o worship_n to_o saint_n which_o be_v only_o peculiar_a to_o god_n now_o we_o be_v far_a to_o consider_v wherein_o that_o act_n of_o worship_n towards_o god_n do_v lie_v which_o be_v not_o in_o a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o we_o apprehend_v god_n to_o be_v the_o first_o and_o independent_a cause_n of_o all_o good_a but_o in_o a_o act_n of_o dependence_n upon_o he_o for_o the_o
force_n and_o violence_n offer_v to_o they_o if_o there_o be_v any_o harm_n what_o be_v it_o idolatry_n or_o not_o if_o only_a scandal_n why_o be_v they_o not_o put_v in_o other_o word_n if_o idolatry_n then_o t._n g._n himself_o charge_v they_o with_o idolatry_n that_o understand_v their_o prayer_n by_o lilly_n grammar_n unless_o he_o think_v it_o much_o better_o for_o they_o not_o to_o understand_v they_o at_o all_o but_o i_o shall_v beg_v the_o favour_n of_o one_o of_o their_o church-dictionary_n to_o interpret_v this_o late_a ode_n of_o rapine_n to_o the_o lady_n of_o loretto_n so_o as_o to_o make_v i_o construe_v it_o to_o be_v only_o pray_v to_o she_o to_o pray_v for_o they_o 1670._o ad_fw-la divam_fw-la virginem_fw-la lauretanam_fw-la diva_n quam_fw-la rebus_fw-la trepidis_fw-la benignam_fw-la rure_n piceno_n veneratur_fw-la orbis_n cui_fw-la suos_fw-la sternit_fw-la facilis_fw-la moveri_fw-la adria_n fluctus_fw-la si_fw-la qua_fw-la pastoris_fw-la tibi_fw-la vaticani_fw-la cura_fw-la vel_fw-la sacri_fw-la superest_fw-la ovilis_fw-la italis_n thracem_fw-la procul_fw-la inquietum_fw-la finibus_fw-la arce_fw-la si_fw-mi fave_v totis_fw-la trepidabit_fw-la undis_fw-la bosphorus_n rupes_fw-la scyticae_fw-la pavebunt_fw-la turca_fw-la pallebit_fw-la timidumque_fw-la cornu_fw-la luna_fw-la recondet_fw-la namque_fw-la te_fw-la dudum_fw-la pelagi_fw-la potentem_fw-la non_fw-la semel_fw-la verso_fw-it tremuere_fw-la ponto_fw-la mersa_fw-la threissi_n rate_n dissipata_fw-la arma_fw-la tyranni_fw-la ne_fw-fr tibi_fw-la fidam_fw-la pavor_fw-la ille_fw-la gentem_fw-la angat_fw-la aut_fw-la saevis_fw-la male_a turbet_fw-la armis_fw-la quos_fw-la tuis_fw-la laeti_fw-la meditamur_fw-la aris_fw-la ponere_fw-la honores_fw-la if_o this_o be_v not_o make_v a_o goddess_n of_o she_o sure_o the_o heathen_a poet_n never_o make_v one_o of_o minerva_n and_o yet_o i_o hope_v rapine_n a_o jesuit_n and_o a_o scholar_n do_v well_o enough_o understand_v what_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n yet_o suppose_v t._n g's_o sense_n be_v all_o that_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o this_o matter_n 18._o it_o do_v not_o acquit_v they_o from_o give_v that_o religious_a worship_n which_o invocation_n import_v to_o something_o else_o beside_o god_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o arrian_n only_o look_v on_o christ_n as_o a_o powerful_a intercessor_n with_o god_n and_o on_o that_o account_n do_v in_o their_o public_a office_n of_o religion_n make_v their_o solemn_a address_n to_o he_o to_o intercede_v and_o pray_v for_o they_o to_o god_n be_v this_o give_v he_o any_o part_n of_o divine_a worship_n or_o no_o especial_o when_o perform_v with_o all_o the_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o god_n if_o this_o be_v not_o any_o part_n of_o divine_a worship_n the_o father_n be_v extreme_o out_o in_o their_o proof_n that_o christ_n can_v be_v no_o creature_n because_o the_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n be_v give_v to_o he_o if_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o divine_a worship_n than_o those_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v give_v it_o to_o a_o creature_n when_o with_o all_o the_o solemn_a act_n of_o devotion_n they_o pray_v to_o saint_n which_o they_o use_v to_o god_n himself_o although_o it_o be_v only_o to_o be_v intercessor_n with_o god_n for_o they_o especial_o when_o they_o do_v not_o only_o pray_v thus_o to_o they_o but_o rely_v upon_o they_o for_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n and_o return_v thanks_o to_o they_o when_o they_o receive_v the_o blessing_n they_o pray_v for_o will_v not_o the_o father_n have_v call_v this_o bring_n in_o polytheism_n and_o revive_v the_o ancient_a idolatry_n of_o the_o heathen_n since_o the_o great_a principle_n of_o christianity_n they_o say_v be_v the_o reserve_v all_o part_n of_o religious_a worship_n to_o god_n alone_o nay_o some_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v be_v so_o ingenuous_a in_o this_o matter_n to_o confess_v that_o if_o the_o modern_a practice_n of_o invocation_n of_o saint_n have_v be_v introduce_v in_o the_o apostolical_a time_n it_o will_v have_v look_v too_o like_o the_o introduce_v of_o gentilism_n again_o franciscus_n horantius_fw-la in_o his_o answer_n to_o calvin_n institution_n ven._n confess_v that_o invocation_n of_o saint_n be_v not_o express_o command_v under_o the_o gospel_n nè_fw-la gentile_n conversi_fw-la crederent_fw-la se_fw-la iterum_fw-la ad_fw-la cultum_fw-la terrigenarum_fw-la trahi_fw-la lest_o the_o gentile_a convert_v shall_v believe_v that_o they_o be_v again_o draw_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o creature_n which_o word_n he_o have_v borrow_v from_o eccius_n and_o the_o same_o be_v repeat_v by_o harpsfield_n martinus_n peresius_n ayala_n a_o learned_a spanish_a bishop_n assign_v this_o for_o the_o reason_n 105._o why_o he_o can_v meet_v with_o no_o footstep_n either_o of_o the_o invocation_n or_o intercession_n of_o saint_n before_o the_o time_n of_o cornelius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n viz._n that_o the_o apostle_n will_v have_v be_v think_v to_o have_v make_v themselves_o god_n if_o they_o have_v deliver_v the_o doctrine_n of_o invocation_n and_o intercession_n of_o saint_n by_o which_o we_o see_v these_o person_n do_v true_o apprehend_v a_o great_a affinity_n between_o their_o practice_n of_o invocation_n of_o saint_n and_o the_o heathen_a idolatry_n or_o else_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n one_o shall_v be_v mistake_v for_o the_o other_o and_o although_o t._n g._n tell_v we_o 399._o he_o never_o meet_v with_o any_o catholic_n so_o ignorant_a as_o not_o to_o understand_v the_o sense_n of_o their_o prayer_n to_o be_v to_o desire_v the_o saint_n to_o help_v they_o with_o their_o prayer_n yet_o i_o meet_v with_o some_o man_n who_o understand_v catholic_n as_o well_n as_o t._n g._n and_o yet_o do_v give_v a_o quite_o different_a account_n of_o they_o for_o the_o same_o spanish_a bishop_n think_v the_o people_n have_v great_a need_n to_o be_v better_o instruct_v in_o this_o matter_n of_o worship_n lest_o say_v he_o they_o make_v god_n of_o the_o saint_n nam_fw-la multos_fw-la inveni_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la non_fw-la satis_fw-la christianè_fw-la institutos_fw-la i_o have_v find_v many_o not_o well_o instruct_v in_o this_o matter_n it_o seem_v not_o only_o the_o people_n commit_v idolatry_n but_o their_o teacher_n do_v not_o instruct_v they_o well_o enough_o to_o avoid_v it_o and_o ludou._n vives_n be_v not_o so_o lucky_a a_o man_n as_o t._n g._n for_o he_o say_v that_o many_o christian_n do_v most_o time_n offend_v in_o a_o good_a thing_n i._n e._n give_v honour_n to_o saint_n for_o 27._o he_o say_v they_o worship_v they_o no_o otherwise_o than_o they_o do_v god_n neither_o do_v i_o find_v in_o many_o thing_n any_o difference_n between_o their_o opinion_n of_o the_o saint_n and_o the_o heathen_n of_o their_o go_n t.g._n take_v notice_n of_o this_o passage_n of_o vives_n 436._o and_o blame_v i_o for_o leave_v out_o in_o re_fw-mi bona_fw-la in_o a_o thing_n good_a in_o itself_o let_v he_o make_v as_o much_o of_o this_o as_o he_o please_v for_o it_o only_o show_v that_o he_o be_v a_o through_o papist_n although_o he_o charge_v the_o people_n with_o the_o downright_a practice_n of_o idolatry_n and_o if_o it_o only_o imply_v a_o error_n and_o abuse_n in_o practice_n yet_o he_o show_v both_o these_o be_v too_o common_a among_o they_o and_o that_o the_o catholic_n in_o his_o time_n be_v not_o so_o wise_a as_o those_o t._n g._n have_v meet_v with_o but_o it_o may_v be_v he_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o that_o if_o they_o be_v ask_v the_o question_n in_o their_o catechism_n they_o answer_v it_o as_o he_o say_v which_o be_v as_o good_a a_o way_n to_o free_v they_o from_o the_o practice_n of_o idolatry_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v suspect_v of_o adultery_n and_o t._n g._n shall_v answer_v for_o he_o that_o can_v be_v for_o he_o understand_v better_a than_o so_o for_o when_o i_o ask_v he_o the_o commandment_n he_o say_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o commit_v adultery_n polydore_v virgil_n be_v not_o so_o happy_a as_o t._n g._n for_o speak_v of_o the_o solemn_a rite_n of_o supplication_n when_o the_o image_n of_o saint_n be_v carry_v in_o procession_n he_o say_v i_o fear_v 1._o i_o fear_v we_o rather_o please_v the_o heathen_a god_n than_o christ_n by_o such_o practice_n which_o without_o all_o question_n he_o say_v be_v take_v from_o the_o heathen_a custom_n and_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n 13._o be_v as_o true_a of_o that_o of_o saint_n that_o the_o people_n be_v arrive_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o madness_n that_o their_o worship_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o idolatry_n cassander_n say_v 21._o that_o the_o people_n trust_v so_o much_o to_o the_o patronage_n and_o intercession_n of_o the_o saint_n who_o they_o worship_v with_o dull_a not_o to_o say_v profane_a ceremony_n that_o they_o hope_v for_o the_o pardon_n of_o their_o sin_n although_o they_o do_v not_o amend_v their_o
ancestor_n to_o who_o we_o give_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o second_o honour_n next_o to_o the_o god_n as_o celsus_n call_v those_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o due_a honour_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o low_a daemon_n 414._o which_o he_o contend_v aught_o to_o be_v give_v to_o they_o from_o which_o we_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o heathen_n do_v not_o confound_v all_o degree_n of_o divine_a worship_n give_v to_o the_o low_a object_n the_o same_o which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v due_a to_o the_o celestial_a deity_n or_o the_o supreme_a god_n so_o that_o if_o the_o distinction_n of_o divine_a worship_n will_v excuse_v from_o idolatry_n the_o heathen_n be_v not_o to_o blame_v for_o it_o 2._o if_o this_o pretence_n do_v excuse_v from_o idolatry_n the_o carpocratian_a heretic_n be_v unjust_o charge_v by_o irenaeus_n epiphanius_n and_o s._n augustin_n 7._o for_o they_o be_v say_v to_o worship_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n together_o with_o the_o philosopher_n pythagoras_n plato_n and_o aristotle_n wherein_o lie_v the_o fault_n of_o these_o heretic_n be_v it_o only_o in_o join_v the_o philosopher_n together_o with_o christ_n if_o that_o have_v be_v all_o it_o have_v be_v easy_a to_o have_v say_v that_o they_o worship_v the_o philosopher_n together_o with_o christ_n but_o they_o take_v particular_a notice_n of_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n unusual_a and_o blame-worthy_a that_o they_o worship_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o have_v have_v from_o pilate_n which_o have_v be_v no_o wonder_n if_o there_o have_v be_v as_o many_o image_n of_o christ_n then_o extant_a as_o fevardentius_n pretend_v viz._n the_o image_n of_o christ_n take_v by_o nicodemus_n not_o i_o suppose_v when_o he_o come_v by_o night_n to_o our_o saviour_n that_o at_o edessa_n beside_o those_o which_o s._n luke_n draw_v of_o he_o if_o there_o have_v be_v so_o many_o image_n abroad_o of_o he_o in_o veneration_n among_o christian_n why_o shall_v this_o be_v pitch_v upon_o as_o a_o peculiar_a thing_n of_o these_o gnostic_n that_o they_o have_v some_o image_n paint_v other_o make_v of_o other_o matter_n which_o they_o crown_v and_o set_v forth_o or_o worship_v as_o the_o heathen_n do_v among_o which_o be_v a_o image_n of_o christ_n as_o irenaeus_n report_v it_o and_o suppose_v they_o have_v worship_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n as_o the_o gentile_n do_v worship_v their_o image_n wherein_o be_v they_o to_o blame_v if_o the_o honour_n give_v to_o the_o image_n be_v not_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o image_n but_o of_o that_o which_o be_v represent_v by_o it_o and_o since_o christ_n deserve_v our_o high_a worship_n on_o this_o pretence_n they_o deserve_v no_o blame_n at_o all_o in_o give_v divine_a worship_n of_o the_o high_a degree_n to_o the_o image_n of_o christ._n 3._o the_o primitive_a christian_n do_v utter_o refuse_v to_o worship_v the_o image_n of_o emperor_n although_o they_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v god_n creature_n therefore_o i_o say_v according_a to_o their_o sense_n acknowledge_v the_o saint_n to_o be_v god_n creature_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o excuse_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n of_o saint_n from_o idolatry_n as_o in_o pliny_n epistle_n to_o trajan_n mention_v before_o one_o of_o the_o trial_n of_o christian_n be_v whether_o they_o will_v imagini_fw-la tuus_fw-la sure_fw-mi ac_fw-la vino_fw-la supplicare_fw-la use_v the_o religious_a rite_n that_o be_v then_o customary_a of_o incense_n libation_n and_o supplication_n before_o the_o emperor_n image_n this_o minucius_n call_v ad_fw-la imagine_v supplicare_fw-la to_o pray_v before_o their_o image_n which_o pliny_n say_v no_o true_a christian_n can_v ever_o be_v bring_v to_o but_o will_v rather_o suffer_v martyrdom_n than_o do_v it_o s._n hierome_n speak_v of_o nebuchadnezar_n image_n say_v daniel_n statuam_fw-la seu_fw-la imaginem_fw-la cultores_fw-la dei_fw-la adorare_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la the_o worshipper_n of_o god_n ought_v not_o to_o worship_v a_o image_n let_v say_v he_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n take_v notice_n of_o this_o that_o worship_v the_o emperor_n statue_n that_o they_o do_v that_o which_o the_o three_o child_n please_v god_n by_o not_o do_v by_o which_o we_o see_v it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o statue_n of_o heathen_a emperor_n which_o the_o christian_n refuse_v to_o give_v religious_a worship_n to_o but_o of_o the_o most_o pious_a and_o christian_n which_o out_o of_o the_o flattery_n of_o prince_n those_o who_o expect_v or_o receive_v honour_n be_v willing_a to_o continue_v under_o christian_a emperor_n but_o it_o be_v at_o last_o absolute_o forbid_v by_o a_o constitution_n of_o theodosius_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v already_o in_o the_o discourse_n about_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a worship_n but_o upon_o what_o reason_n come_v this_o to_o be_v account_v unlawful_a among_o christian_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o worship_v the_o image_n of_o saint_n suppose_v they_o to_o be_v god_n creature_n be_v it_o possible_a they_o shall_v think_v the_o emperor_n to_o be_v otherwise_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o soldier_n who_o be_v trepan_v by_o julian_n to_o offer_v incense_n to_o his_o image_n at_o the_o receive_v the_o donative_n and_o after_o they_o understand_v what_o they_o do_v be_v ready_a to_o run_v mad_a with_o indignation_n at_o themselves_o cry_v out_o in_o the_o street_n we_o be_v christian_n and_o run_v to_o the_o emperor_n desire_v they_o may_v suffer_v martyrdom_n for_o the_o christian_a faith_n which_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o deny_v by_o that_o act_n of_o they_o as_o gregory_n nazianzen_n and_o theodoret_n relate_v the_o story_n do_v imagine_v that_o julian_n be_v any_o other_o than_o one_o of_o god_n creature_n 17._o or_o that_o they_o have_v any_o belief_n of_o his_o be_v a_o god_n but_o the_o christian_n look_v on_o the_o act_n itself_o of_o offer_v incense_n as_o unlawful_a to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o image_n of_o any_o creature_n or_o to_o the_o image_n itself_o because_o it_o be_v a_o creature_n and_o that_o of_o the_o mean_a sort_n viz._n the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n 4._o it_o be_v not_o enough_o for_o any_o of_o god_n creature_n to_o be_v worship_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o saint_n if_o any_o worship_n be_v give_v to_o they_o which_o be_v above_o the_o rank_n of_o creature_n i._n e._n any_o of_o that_o worship_n which_o belong_v to_o god_n for_o none_o can_v have_v great_a confidence_n of_o the_o saintship_n of_o any_o person_n who_o image_n they_o worship_v those_o except_v which_o be_v reveal_v in_o scripture_n than_o many_o of_o the_o heathen_n have_v of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o deity_n which_o they_o worship_v and_o if_o we_o observe_v the_o method_n which_o origen_n s._n cyril_n s._n augustin_n and_o other_o christian_a writer_n take_v to_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v evil_a spirit_n which_o they_o worship_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o great_a argument_n be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o worship_n give_v to_o they_o for_o say_v they_o we_o find_v in_o scripture_n that_o good_a angel_n have_v refuse_v that_o worship_n which_o they_o seem_v so_o desirous_a of_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v just_a reason_n to_o suspect_v that_o these_o be_v not_o good_a angel_n although_o they_o firm_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v so_o and_o hierocles_n say_v carm._n god_n forbid_v we_o shall_v worship_v any_o other_o and_o the_o heathen_n in_o s._n augustin_n 96._o say_v peremptory_o they_o do_v not_o worship_v devil_n but_o angel_n and_o the_o servant_n of_o the_o great_a god_n so_o say_v i_o as_o to_o those_o who_o be_v worship_v under_o the_o name_n of_o saint_n or_o angel_n if_o in_o or_o at_o their_o image_n such_o thing_n be_v speak_v or_o do_v which_o tend_v to_o the_o encourage_v that_o worship_n which_o the_o primitive_a christian_n refuse_v as_o idolatry_n there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n still_o to_o suspect_v those_o be_v not_o good_a but_o evil_a spirit_n under_o who_o name_n or_o representation_n soever_o they_o appear_v for_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a for_o they_o to_o play_v the_o same_o trick_n among_o christian_n which_o they_o do_v among_o heathen_n for_o than_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v good_a spirit_n and_o why_o may_v they_o not_o do_v the_o same_o still_o if_o we_o have_v a_o full_a discovery_n of_o their_o design_n to_o impose_v upon_o the_o world_n the_o folly_n of_o man_n be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a to_o be_v abuse_v by_o they_o and_o the_o gentile_n be_v in_o that_o respect_n far_o more_o excusable_a than_o christian_n because_o god_n have_v not_o discover_v the_o cheat_n and_o artifices_fw-la of_o evil_a spirit_n to_o they_o so_o as_o he_o have_v do_v to_o we_o by_o the_o christian_a religion_n whatever_o pretence_n of_o miracle_n or_o vision_n or_o appearance_n there_o be_v if_o the_o design_n of_o they_o be_v to_o advance_v a_o way_n of_o
of_o which_o image_n be_v pray_v to_o abundance_n of_o infirm_a person_n be_v heal_v and_o he_o say_v of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o spain_n that_o he_o do_v most_o devout_o worship_v a_o certain_a image_n of_o god_n which_o he_o carry_v about_o with_o he_o ab_fw-la eâ_fw-la itaque_fw-la quicquid_fw-la &_o necessario_fw-la &_o honestè_fw-fr petebat_fw-la facile_fw-la semper_fw-la assequebatur_fw-la he_o obtain_v easy_o and_o always_o what_o ever_o he_o due_o pray_v for_o to_o the_o image_n another_o divine_a image_n of_o christ_n which_o have_v solemn_a supplication_n make_v to_o it_o be_v that_o imprint_v on_o the_o sacred_a sindon_n or_o shroud_v at_o besancon_n which_o be_v show_v twice_o a_o year_n upon_o a_o mountain_n near_o the_o city_n where_o vast_a number_n of_o people_n meet_v to_o adore_v it_o and_o the_o devil_n roar_v at_o the_o open_n of_o it_o and_o the_o sky_n of_o a_o sudden_a clear_a although_o it_o rain_v before_o when_o it_o be_v show_v and_o do_v such_o mighty_a wonder_n that_o chiffletius_n say_v 15._o presenti_fw-la divinâ—_n numine_fw-la semper_fw-la affulget_fw-la it_o have_v always_o a_o divine_a presence_n with_o it_o forty_o hour_n prayer_n he_o say_v be_v often_o make_v to_o it_o and_o in_o extraordinary_a necessity_n it_o be_v carry_v in_o procession_n like_o the_o ark_n but_o more_o holy_a than_o the_o ark_n and_o in_o a_o time_n of_o general_a pestilence_n 14._o he_o say_v they_o find_v no_o other_o remedy_n do_v fly_v in_o s._n sudarii_fw-la asylum_fw-la &_o clientelam_fw-la into_o the_o sanctuary_n and_o protection_n of_o this_o divine_a image_n and_o thereupon_o the_o city_n institute_v a_o society_n and_o solemn_a procession_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o it_o every_o year_n on_o the_o three_o of_o may_n to_o which_o other_o city_n of_o burgundy_n as_o dole_n and_o salines_n join_v themselves_o and_o gregory_n 13._o grant_v a_o indulgence_n to_o the_o altar_n erect_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o image_n which_o be_v call_v altar_n saint_n sindonis_fw-la the_o like_a may_v be_v show_v concern_v other_o image_n but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o my_o purpose_n to_o prove_v the_o common_a and_o allow_a practice_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n as_o to_o the_o rite_n of_o supplication_n and_o adoration_n to_o be_v as_o extravagant_a as_o ever_o be_v among_o the_o heathen_n 3._o for_o solemn_a procession_n with_o image_n we_o have_v as_o great_a instance_n as_o ever_o be_v among_o they_o witness_v the_o procession_n with_o the_o image_n of_o s._n roch_n by_o the_o grave_a father_n of_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n which_o be_v do_v say_v baronius_n 16._o by_o a_o decree_n of_o that_o council_n when_o upon_o the_o plague_n rage_v there_o his_o image_n be_v carry_v through_o the_o city_n in_o solemn_a pomp_n upon_o which_o the_o plague_n stay_v from_o this_o example_n say_v he_o his_o image_n be_v every_o where_o set_v up_o and_o altar_n chapel_n and_o temple_n erect_v to_o he_o witness_v the_o procession_n at_o rome_n by_o paul_n 2._o wherein_o the_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n go_v barefoot_a the_o image_n of_o s._n maria_n de_fw-fr populo_fw-la and_o the_o image_n of_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o lateran_n be_v solemn_o carry_v to_o gain_v a_o victory_n over_o the_o turk_n cardinal_n rasponi_n say_v 19_o that_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o obtain_v favour_n and_o mercy_n of_o god_n to_o carry_v the_o image_n of_o our_o saviour_n from_o the_o lateran_n church_n in_o a_o solemn_a procession_n to_o s._n maria_n major_n for_o than_o they_o think_v their_o prayer_n be_v most_o sure_a to_o be_v hear_v when_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n stand_v by_o that_o of_o the_o b._n virgin_n who_o authority_n and_o favour_n be_v so_o great_a with_o her_o son_n so_o stephen_n 3._o find_v when_o he_o carry_v the_o image_n on_o his_o own_o shoulder_n barefoot_a the_o people_n follow_v he_o when_o he_o be_v much_o distress_v by_o aistulphus_n upon_o 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