Principalitie of Cattelogne and Earldome of Barcelona to enioy it from that time in full proprietie and Soueraignty without acknowledging themselues any more vassals to the Kings of France the which was done at Clermont in Auuergne whereas both Kings met in the yeare 1260. In recompence the King of Arragon did also quit for his part the rights of Soueraigntie which he pretended to Carcassone Rhodes Beziers Locate Albi Amillaire Nismes Saint Giles and other lands in France Dowry of Q. Isabell. the which he assigned in dowrie to his daughter D. Isabel with the reuenues of Carcassone and Beziers and moreouer he quit all right which he could pretend to the Earledome of Prouence Folquaquier Arles Auignon and Marseilles in fauour of Queene Marguerite of France The death of D. Sancho king of Nauarre the beginning of the warre of Valencia and the second marriage of D. Iames King of Arragon happened all in the yeare 1234. by reason whereof Accord betwixt the kings of Castile and Arragon for the diuorâ—e of Q. Elenor. and to giue order for the affaires of the Infanta D. Elenor whom he had put away by reason of the strict allyance which was betwixt them according to the Popes decree there was an interview of this King of Arragon and of Don Fernand king of Castile in the Monasterie of Huerta vpon the confines of Castile where it was accorded that the Infant Don Alphonso whom Don Iames had by Donna Elenor named King of Arragon if he had liued should remaine in the custodie of the Queene his mother to whom for an increase of her dowrie The King of Arragon askâ—â—â— pardâ—n of the Pope the towne of Hariza was giuen to enioy it during her life but in case shee should marry againe then should it returne to Arragon These and other things being friendly accorded betwixt the two kings they parted with great loue to make warre against the Moores euery one apart Some haue left in writing that D. Theresa of Bidaure with whom the King D. Iames had had familiar acquaintance before he married the Queene D. Yolant and had children by her sued him vppon a promise of marriage before the Pope where she lost it for want of proofes and D. Yolant was declared his lawfull wife There the Bishop of Girone then the kings Confessor hauing vnderstood by his confession of this matrimoniall promise had reuealed it vnto Pope Innocent the fourth but to what end he did it it is vncertaine but his testimonie alone was not allowed The king beeing wonderfully incensed against the Bishop hauing sent for him into his chamber caused his toung to be cut out For this outrage committed vpon the Bishop notwithstanding that he were faultie hauing reuealed the Kings confession the Pope made great complaints being at the Councell of Lyons and in the end did interdict all the Realme of Arragon and excommunicate the king D. Iames. To free them from this interdiction and to get absolution the king sent the Bishop of Valencia vnto the Pope to carry his excuse and to make an humble petition wherewith the Pope beeing somewhat pacified he yeelded to send two Legates into Arragon with full power Hauing assembled a Synode of Bishops at Lerida they caused the king to come thither who confessed his fault vppon his knees before these Fathers with great submission and teares who gaue him absolution vpon condition that he should cause the Monastery of Bienface neere vnto Tortosa to be built the which hath beene since a Conuent of Chartrous Monkes and to indow it with and hundred and forty pounds of siluer of annuall rent And moreouer that he should endow the hospitall of Saint Vincent of Valencia with foure hundred pounds waight of siluer by the yeare for the nourishment of the poore and that he should giue a Prebendarie to the great Church of Girone for the maintenance of a Masse-priest Then fell he to the loue of this ladie againe and entertayned her during the life of his Queene D. Violant 23 As for the king D. Fernand Castile and Moores he was affronted with the power of king Aben-Hut who was mightie but seeing his forces increased by the succession of the Realmes of Leon which were fallen vnto him he was in hope to effect his desseignes Wherefore he assayled him towards Baeça which he held and went and layed seege to Vbeda a neere towne strong and well fortified yet he prest them in such sort as the Garrison compounded to depart with their liues into the which the king D. Fernand entred the same yeare 1234. in the which his fortunes were seasoned with some bitternesse according to the condition of humane things for he lost the Queene D. Beatrix his wife who died in Toro in the kingdome of Leon her body was carryed to the Monasterie of las Huelgas of Burgos and buried neere vnto the king D. Henry Vpon this subiect the king D. Fernand came into the territories of Leon during his absence the garrisons vppon the fronter tooke certaine Moores Almogaueres for so they call their Mortepaiez of the cittie of Cordoua Cordoua surprised by the Christians and for that they were in quarrell with the Inhabitants thereof they were easily corrupted promising to giue entry to the Christians into the cittie of Cordoua The plot beâ—ing layd and all things disposed accordingly there came a good troupe of Christians in the night with ladders the which they planted vnto the wall neere vnto the tower and Bourg called Axarquia where by the helpe and fauor of those Moores whom they had wonne Aluaro Colodro and Benoist of Bagnos entred first beeing well followed by their companions without any discouerie of them of the towne who slept without feare or apprehension vntill the morning when as they saw the Christians had seazed vpon the tower and there did fortifie themselues attending succors from Don Aluar Perez whom they had sent vnto beeing at Martos vppon their entry and as men expecting some great resistance they had also sent to aduertise the King Don Fernand of their enterprize and happie successe to the end he should approch neere to fauour them The Moores of Cordoua seeing themselues surprized went to armes and beseeged the Christians in this tower where they defended themselues the combate was furious and often renewed euery one doing his best indeauour wherein they spent some dayes yet could they not chase the Christians out of the tower which they had intrenched from the rest of the towne In the meane time the king D. Fernand aduanced with all speed giuing order for the rest of his forces to follow and passing by Extremadura neere vnto Bienguerencia the Gouernor a Moore furnished the kings armie with victuals as it past yet beeing summoned to deliuer the fort vnto the king he made answer that when he had taken Cordoua it should be at his commandement and in the meane time he would keep it Wherefore the king of Castile passed on
horse and as many chosen foote-men King Fernand promiseth the Moores liberty of their conscience Those of Alozagra yeelded vpon condition they might bee mayntayned in their consciences and religon the which the King graunted then they beseeged the towne of Caçaranouelle where the Moores made incredible resistance killing in diuers skirmishes greate numbers of Christians as namely Don Guttires de Sottomajor Earle of Benalcaçar a young Noble-man of foure and twenty yeares of age hardy and valiant who was shot throw the body with a poysoned arrow for whose death the king and the whole army were very sorry because these braueries of the Moores did make them become obstinate and encouraged others which would haue yeelded to make resistance The Army A couragious woman and constant in her enterprises with this losse without performing any other exploit then burning the country did returne backe to Antiqera where the King receaued letters from the Queene his wife which caused the whole army to blush for shame for shee let them vnderstand how that so goodly an army ought not to liue vnprofitably nor returne without doing some notable exployt wherefore being incourraged by a woman they retired againe into the enemies country and spoyled it euen to the mountaine called Sierra Neuada the King beeing lodged with a great body of an army within halfe a mile of the Citty of Granada to oppose him-selfe against the sallies which they of the towne might make vpon those that did forrage the Duke of medina and the Earle of Cabra being in an other place where as much as in them lay they spoyled the country and made it vnfit to beare frute the sooner therby to starue them The Queene had laden 5000. beasts of carriage with victualls which by the helpe of this army entred into Alhama where the King left Don Guttiere de Padilla gouernour who was nephew to Don Garcia Lopes de Padilla Maister of Calatraua in regard the Maister had promised to defend that place with the forces of his iurisdiction After-wards the army returned to Cordoua where the Queene being demaunded if shee were pleased with what they had donne shee answered that it was not fit they should spend the rest of the yeare in idlenesse where-vpon the King returned and marched against Septenil which for three daies space was batered and afterwards the Moores yeelded it vpon composition that they might depart with their liues goods and liberty the place was committed to the keeping of D. Francisco Henriques from thence the army went to ruine the country of Ronde and because winter did draw neere it did attempt nothing else and was brought backe to Siuill whether the Queene came The garrisons of Alhama Alora and Septenill were commanded by the King and Queene to aide King Mahomet the little with all their power against Muley Albohacen his father Portugal King Iohn a greâ—te iusticer namely against the nobillity with other of his qualities Wee will here for a while lay by the affaires of Castile and Arragon and speake of Portugall and of the raigne of Iohn the 2. who succeeded Alphonso 1481. beeing sixe and twenty yeares of age This Prince was a great Iusticer and it may be ouer rigorous in the execution thereof especially against the Nobilitie and great Lords of his kingdome whome he did punish and reclaymed from many oppressions which his father had tolerated this caused him to be hated and gaue cause vnto some who were very neere vnto him in bloud to practise against his life and state He was of a quicke and sharpe iudgement and of an excellent memorie he could discourse eloquently of all matters and would haue those that did talke with him to consider how and what to speake and he would ordinarily say that it was impossible but that Kings should be wise men because euery one that spake to them whether they were foolish or wise did striue to speake well and wisely He shewed great wisedome in all his actions not suffering himselfe to be carried away by Court-flatterers and if hee did fauour any one Mediocâ—itie is to be obserued in the aduancement of Princes seruants hee would aduance him but to a certaine meane and no further giuing authoritie to no man more than was needfull hee was a louer of good councell very true firme and constant in whatsoeuer he graunted or denyed liberall aswell to strangers as to his owne seruants he was religious according to those times and charitable towards the poore for whose ease and comfort hee builded the royall Hospitall of Lisborne in the honour of all Saints he shewed himselfe very obedient towards his father and had the good hap Discouery of Manicongo to haue the kingdome of Manicongo discouered in his raigne at which time with great care and diligence the nauigation for spices did beginne for which things hee was surnamed the Great When hee beganne to raigne hee was already father to the Infant Don Alphonso begotten on Queene Elenor daughter to Don Fernand Duke of Viseo his Vncle and to the Infanta Donna Beatrix shee who had procured the peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall Genealogie of Portugal the Infant was seauen yeares old when his father came to the Crowne who the yeare 1481. had a sonne by a Mistris of his called Donna Anne de Mendoza whose name was George Master of Saint Iames and Auis Duke of Coimbra Lord of Auero and Montemajor the old who was brought vp openly as the Kings sonne by his Aunt the Infanta Donna Ioane a Nunne in the Monasterie of Iesus d'Auero hee was father to Don Iohn Duke of Auero a worthie Prince in our age This King Iohn of whome wee speake was the first King of Portugall that entitled himselfe Lord of Guiney the nauigation into which countrey hee mayntained and continued and builded the Cittie and Castle of Saint George the fort of Tanger and others Hee called a Parlament in the Cittie of Ebora there to receiue the oath of fealtie and homage due to the Kings his progenitors at the same time it happened that Don Fernand Duke of Bragança beeing at his house of Villa-viciosa did search for certaine records and titles of lands with other letters of priuiledge to haue them renewed and confirmed by the new king his Secretarie whome hee employed in this businesse found certaine letters of intelligence and practise in a chest betwixt the Duke his master and the King and Queene of Castile contrarie to his allegeance to King Iohn Wherefore this Secretarie The Duke of Braganzaes practises discouered by his Secretarie whose name was Lope de Figueredo beeing mooued either with zeale towards his Prince or with hope of some good reward did embezil those writings and gaue them to the King who hauing copied them re-deliuered the originall to Figuereda who layd them among the rest of the papers which hee had found his Lord not perceyuing it the Duke neuerthelesse was still fauoured and welcommed by the
in Portugall These fruites did the two vnchast and lasciuious sisters reape beeing Daughters to king Alphonso the sixth and in a manner at the same time D. Alphonso the 7. left raigning in Castile where he had some places at his deuotion casfile held by a Nauarrois garison during whose raign dyed S. Dominike of Calçada in Rioje who was reputed a Saint hee was buried in the tombe which hee had made in his life time He had beene a Monke of the Order of Saint Benet at Valbanera and after in the Monasterie of Saint AEmylian where they did not much esteeme him wherefore he gaue himselfe to a solitariâ— life and to follow the doctrine of Gregorie bishop of Ostia for he was a man without any learning At the place of his Sepulcher there is at this present a towne built with a Cathedrall church and Episcopall see carrying his name vnited at this present to that of Calaorra He was much honoured in his life time and after his death his memorie was reuerenced Monkes beeing then admired which gaue themselues to a monasticke and solitarie life At that time there was giuen by the king D. Alphonso to the Monasterio of Saint Mary of Valbanera the church of Leuador to that of Saint Saluadour of Leyre halfe the towne of Arascues in imitation of whome other Noblemen gaue gifts vnto Churches where they had speciall deuotion euery one choosing for his Patron Aduocate and Protector that Saint of whom the churches and Monasteries were named This was the ordinarie doctrine of that age to win Paradise In the meane time the Bishops intruded themselues into the Councels of Kings to mannage affayres of State The exercise of Bishops of that age and to maintaine their Ecclesiasticall priuiledges rights and reuenues they led armies and were many times too forward to fight as wee reade of D. Pedro of Roda Bishop of Pampelone who about the yeare 1115. medling with the quarrels of some souldiers in the Towne of Tholousa receiued a blow on the head with a stone whereof he died a Martyr as the Spaniards say an aduertisement for the rest to containe themselues in their vocations D. Mayor Garcia daughter to the Earle D. Diego Ordognes and of D. Vrraca Garcia daughter to the king D. Garcia gaue vnto the Monasterie of Nagera about that time certaine possessions which she had in Calaorra D. Fortun Velez a knight at that time one of the most renowned in the Kingdome of Nauarre gaue vnto the same Monasterie the place of Aleçon to furnish lights at the Altar of the Virgin Mary so great and so constant was the opinion of men in that age that by gifts vnto the Clergie they might redeeme their soules from eternall damnation as they did not spare the principall townes of their Estates D. Raymond Arnold Earle of Barcelone at the same time gaue vnto D. Alderic the Archbishop the cittie it selfe of Tarragone The citty of farragone giuen in propriety to the Archbishop of that plaâ—e which the Archbishops did enioy in full proprietie for the space of foure and thirtie yeares The foundation of the Hospitall vppon the Pyrenee mountaines at the passage of Ronceual seemes to be a godly worke the which was done by D. Sancho de Rosas Bishop of Pampelone about the yeare 1122. but it was onely for Pilgrimes going our of France to Saint Iames wherein King D. Alphonso assisted him with money This Hospitall was built neare vnto the place which was called Charlemagnegs Chappell a place which was much subiect to winds and continuall stormes whereupon it was afterwards built lower in Ronceuall where it is now As soone as D. Alphonso Raymond was crowned King of Castile and Leon by the meanes and direction of D. Pedro de Trauas a Nobleman who was allyed in Cattelogne to the Earles of Vrgel Accord betwixt the king of Castile and his mother and had bred and gouerned that Prince hee beganne to pursue his mother and D. Pedro de Laya her minion D. Vrraca fortified her selfe in the tower of Leon where he beseeged her but by the mediation of some Noblemen who were al of the new Kings partie a peace was made vpon condition that she should giue ouer all gouernement of affaires and be content to liue a priuate life hauing a pension fit for her estate and calling As for D. Pedxo de Lara after that hee had wandred long vp and downe in the end he left the countrie and beeing as coldly entertayned in Nauarre and Arragon as in Castile he made his retreate into Barcelone D. Alphonso the 8. of that name and the 27. King of Leon and the fifth of Castille 7. D. Vrraca being thus dispossessed An. 1122. D. Alphonso Raymond carryed himselfe for king of Castile and Leon. Castile and Leon. After which he thought vpon the recouerie of the forts of Castille which his father-in-law D. Alphonso King of Nauarre detayned from him wherefore he raysed a mightie armie to vse it if hee might not recouer that which hee pretended without armes with these forces he marched towards Nauarre and Arragon which were not vnprouided for the King had also taken armes to crosse him if he should proue insolent and was alreadie entred into Castile by Rioje when as the Prelates of both kingdomes foreseeing the great miseries which would insue if these two great Princes should once enter into warre they laboured to make a peace and vnitie betwixt them and they preuayled so as they perswaded the new king of Castile to make request vnto the king of Nauarre and Arragon Modestie of greater force then armes to restore him his townes and forts the which was of such force as without any difficulty King D. Alphonso beeing glad that he had taken â—o modest a course did louingly restore vnto him all that he held in Castile retayning onely the countrie which is from Villorado to Calaorra for that sayd he those lands were of the ancient patrimonie of Nauarre vsurped by king D. Alphonso his father-in-law since the decease of Don Sancho Garcia king of Nauarre and by the same reason the Prouinces of Guipuscoa and Alaâ—a remained to the crown of Nauarre Thus they layed downe armes of â—ther side and retired into their countries Alphonso Raymond King of Castile seeing himselfe setled in peace he beganne to make warre against the Moores Exploits of K. D. Alphonso the 8. against the Moores his first enterprise was vpon Coria which towne had beene surprized during the inter-regne or absence of the king of Nauarre and Arragon after the decease of King D. Alphonso the Braue his grandfather This was a worke of few dayes for he easily recouered it but not content herewith hee past on into the countries of Extremadura and Portugal held by the Moores the which he wasted and brought away the spoyles not any Moore appearing to make head against him This good successe of his affaires gaue him courage to greater attempts and
had finished Hee left it to bee Abbot of Montarragon King D. Alphonso had three daughters also by the Queene D. Sancha that is D. Constance who was married first to the King of Hongarie and afterwards to the Emperour Frederic the second D. Elcnor and D. Sancha both Countesses of Tolousa the one married to Cont Raymond the father and the other to Cont Raymond the sonne This Queene D. Sancha was verie deuout after the manner of that age wherefore as soone as she was married she built the Monastery of Sixena of the Nuns of Saint Iean 9 This age was as the rest full of deuotions Castilleâ— and inuentions of new seruices for Cardinall Hyacinthe beeing Legate a Latere for the Pope in Spaine the order of knights or men at armes Order of Saint Iames. of Saint Iames had his beginning in the realme of Galicia by an emulation betwixt some knights Monkes of Saint Eloy a Monastery in the same Kingdome These good religious fathers seeing the great concourse of people which came from all parts of Christendome to the sepulcher of Saint Iames they beganne to build Hospitals out of their reuenues which were very great vpon the passage which in Spaine they doe commonly call the French way to lodge and feed Pilgrimes and to supplie all their necessities in sicknesse or in health wherein they imployed themselues honestly and the first Hospitall of their foundation was that of Saint Marke the Euangilists without the walles of the city of Leon afterwards they built another vpon the passage of Castille called de las Tiendas In imitation of these Monkes vsing such courtesie to strangers which went to Saint Iames there were thirteene Knights very deuout to this Apostle taking him for their particular Patron and aduocate according to their instruction vowed themselues to gard and assure the way for pilgrimes against the incursions of the Moores and other theeues which troubled Spaine and hauing imparted their deseigne to the Monkes of Saint Eloy they agreed to make one body amongst them and to make the patrimonie of the Monastery of Saint Eloy common with that of these Knights and others which should ioyne with them at that time they did enioy about twenty castles which made the Monkes more willing to allow of this communion al these holy souldiars were married from their first institution wherefore they did onelie vow coniugal chastetie and as for pouerty it was not very great they onelie renounced the propertie of their goods for the seruice of the order enioying the fruites whereof they payed tithe vnto the Monkes for the diuine seruice wherein they were imployed they did vowe obedience to their Prior and Maister by such an order as the Monkes should bee subiect to their Priors both for spirituall and temporall and the Knights to the same Prior touching the spiritualty but in regard of the temporall they should obay the maister of the order Whereof the first was named D. First conuent of Knights of Saint Iames. Pedro Fernandes de Puente Encalada The first conuent which was built for these Knights was neere vnto Saint Markes Hospitall without the walles of Leon on a peece of ground belonging to the Monkes of Saint Eloy which they gaue into the which they all retired taking vpon them a modest kinde of habit fit for the warre carrying upon a white cloake a red-crosse in forme of a sword for a marke of their order and for an argument of humilitie they had haire powled which was no smal abasement in those times Their Order was vnder Saint Augustin according to that of the Monkes of Saint Eloy and all these things were ordred in the presence of Cardinal Hyacinthe the Legat and allowed by him hauing especiall authority for it A while after D. Pedro the Master of the Order accompanied with certaine Knights this order beeing wonderfully increased went to Rome to present himselfe to Pope Alexander who confirmed the order in the yeare of our Lord 1175. according to the disposition of Cardinal Hyacinthe his Legat who was afterwards Pope Many have beleeued and some haue written that this order of Knights of Saint Iames is more ancient grounding it vpon a certaine priuiledge which is found at Salamanca in the Monasterie of the Holie Ghost where at this present the relligious women of that order are for besides the moderne Castillan Language in the which this priuiledge is written with the date and yeere thereof counted from the natiuity of our Lord Iesus Christ discouers the falshood for that in those daies all Instruments titles and letters were in written in Latin and that they did account the yeeres from the Aera of Caesar there is not any mention found in Authors of the Institution of this Order nor of any exploit of the Knights thereof before this time besides other makes of falshood which may bee discouered in this priuiledge as to intitle the King D. Fernand the Great Lord of Biscay and King of Leon which hee was not and by consequence had no cause to grant priuiledges to that Monastery of the citie of Salamanca which hath been alwaies of the iurisdiction of Leon Whereas in the yeere 1034. which is the date thereof there raigned D. Bernard the third of that name so as it is not without cause if they doubt of the truth of the priuiledges granted to churches and conuents These Knights newly instituted being fallne into some dislike with D. Fernand King of Leon raigning at that time they left their Conuent of Saint Marke at Leon and retired into Castille where they were courteously receiued by the King D. Alphonso who gaue them the towne and Castle of Vcles called in old time Vrcesia where they built that renowned conuent which is the chiefe seate of their religion and order yet they sent some of their brethren to dwell in their first conuent of Saint Marke at Leon after the decease of the King D. Fernand vpon condition that the superioritie should belong to that of Vcles but it is not obserued for the conuent of S. Marke doth not acknowledge that of Vcles in any thing but doth keep their first reuenues the which were since augmented in Estremadura after the conquest thereof by them of Leon. In time this order did extend farre into Portugal where it got great reuenues vnder the obedience of the conuent of Vcles vnto the King D. Denis who put the Knights out of his country This order of the Knights of Saint Iames did so grow in wealth and number by the bountie of Kings A thousand launces of the Order of Saint Iames. and indulgences of Popes as they were able to arme a thousand launces compleat in both conuents of Vcles and Saint Marke and before that by the authority of Pope Adrian the sixth the masters place was incorporate to the crowne of Castille the Maisters of the Order were chosen and displaced if there were cause by the suffrages of thirteene brethren who had that
authoritie and power from the whole Order the which doth enioy more dignities conuents monasteries colleges Two chiefe 〈◊〉 and other lands then any Order that is in Spaine first there are those principal conuents which are the chiefe of all the rest which bee Vcles and Saint Marke under the which are foure Hermitages Saint Marie de la Pegna neere vnto the Towne of Segure of the Mountaine Saint Saluator of Munstiers neere to Almesca Saint Mary of Cagnamanes in the fields of Montiel and Saint Anthony about Alhambra Besides one Conuent in the Cittie of Seuille two Colledges in the Vniuersitie of Salamanca Colledges sixe Monasteries of Religious women which were the holy Ghost at Salamanca S. â—oy at Toledo Saint Croix at Vailledolit Saint Iames at Granado S. Olalia at Merida and Saint Iames in Iunguera of Barcelone Religious commandâ—ries of women They haue also fiue Hospitals S. Iames of Toledo where they go to be cured which haue the poxe or French disease and all other infirmities which depend thereon S. Iames at Cuença las Tiendas in Castile the old Hospitalâ— the hospitall neere vnto the Coâ—â—ent of Saint Mark at Leon and the hospitall of the Conuent at Vcles Moreouer this Order hath many commanderies the which are bound to serue in time of warre against the Moores and to furnish 368. lances those which belong to the iurisdiction of Vcles are the great Commanderie of Castille that of Paracuellos Monthernand Mora dos Barrios Monreal Horcajo el Corral of Almaguer el Campo de Critana Alhambra Membrilla Montizon Bedmar Vacas Segura de la Sierra which is the best Commanderie of all Spaine Yeste Moratallal Carauaca Aledo Ricote Biedma Cieça Soconos Torres and Cagnamares Montiel Socuellamos Villamaior Carrizoja Vilhermosa Vallanoua de la Fuente the buildings del campo de Montiel Villa Escusa de Haro the buildings of Mancha and the riuer of Tayo Huelamo Orria Estremera Saint Croix de Sarça Villoria Villarubia Alpages and the Priorie of Vcles the Chamber of the Priuiledges of the Order and Alorqui These bee those which acknowledge Vcles Now those follow which are of the Iurisdiction of Saint Mark of Leon the great Commanderie Aquilarejo Calçadilla la Puebla de Sancho Peres el Santo Villafrancha la Fuente del maestre Almendralegio Lobon Montijo Merida Alcuescar Riuera and Azebucha Hallame Ellotiua Palomas Ornachos Reyna Hinojosa Medina de la Torres Valencia ventoso Monasterio Montemolino Vsagre Azuaga Guadalcanal Mures Benaçuça Estepa the houses of Corduba the buildings in the Prouince of Leon the Prouince of the conuent of Leon Villauoua of Alisdar Vena Mexi the Prouostship of Bienuenida In Castile the old are Pegna Vsende Estriana Castrotoraua Besides all these there are the commanderies of la Torre d' Ocague Sarça Mirauel Castelleja de la Cuesta Barra Castroverdé And in the Realme of Valencia are the commanderies of Museros Enguerra Orcheta Sagra Zenet and Fradel Besides these Commanderies this Order hath at this day aboue fixe hundred Knights of the habit aboue two hundred Clerkes breethren which remaine in the conuents with Vicarages and other Benefices so as it is wonderfull great and rich And although it were first instituted to make warre against the Infidels yet there are few at this day which affect these commanderies or the habit to that end but only to increase their reuenues or to be in greater reputation among souldiers by meanes of this habit Such was the iurisdiction of this Order of Knights During the raigne of this King Don Alphonso the Noble the Monasterie of religious women of Balbuena was built by Peter of Balbuena an Hermite in like manner one Iohn of Ortega borne at Quintana in Ortugno in the Diocesse of Burgos was sanctified I know not for what holines and his bodie was buried in the yeare 1173. in the Monastery which carries his name where the Spanish Authors say hee did many miracles There were infinit donations made vnto Monasteries Conuents and Orders of Knights by the King and the Nobility of Spaine for the redemption of their soules and of their kindred and friends deceased as their letters report 10 The Order of the Knights of Calatraua whose beginning wee haue described in the life of the king D. Sancho the desired was much augmented at that time Order of Calatraua and was only gouerned by masters whereof the first was called D. Garcia to whom succeeded D. Martin Peres of Syon and the third master which gouerned at that time was D. Nugno Peres of Quignones The first Conuent of this Order was at Calatraua but since the Knights made diuers changes as appeares by their Histories as to Ciruelos Buxeda Corcoles and castel of Saluatierra and since the chiefe seate of their Order was translated to the castell of Couo in the time of D. Nugno Hernandes the twelfth Master where it now remaines The rents and reuenues of this holy company of Warriours haue so increased from time to time by the bountie of the Kings of Castile as they haue beene seene to serue against the Moores with 300 Lances well appointed whereunto those Commanderies are ordinarily bound whose names be first the great commanderie Clauerra Obreâ—â—a and Argamaâ—illa the commanderies of Malagon Mançares Almagro Montancheulos Daymiel Villarubia val de pegnas Eluico and Saint Croix Fuenteel Moral and the houses of Citte Real Castellanos Almedouar del campo Puerto Llano Corral of Caracuel Piedra Buena Herrera Fuente del Imperador Carrion Guadalerza Mestança Castilsers Balestreros Alcolea Possuelo Torroua Bolagnos Morall Almiradiel Hauanilla the houses of Seuile the houses of Corduba Belmer Villafranca Lopera Canaueral Ximena and Recena Pegna de Martos Biuoras Moratalaz Tores and Canena Vallaga Sorita Almoguera Auignon and Verniches the houses of Talauera those of Toledo Huerta Val de Carauanes the houses of Plaisance Ateca Carezuela Ortas Calatraua the old And in the realme of Arragon are the commanderies of Alcaâ—is Mouroijo Penna Roija Faraxneda Ralfas Castelseras Laguna rotta Molinos In that of Valencia there are also other commanderies In Castile are the Priories of Seuile Granado Iaen Alhama Fuencaliente Porcuna Sugueca and Villatoro besides other dignities ecclesiasticall reuenues This Order was confirmed Pope Alexander the third and receiued into the protection and tuition of the Apostolike Sea and had vnder it Knights of the Alcantara for a time About the year 1176. Nauarre was founded the Monasterie of our Ladie of Irançu by Don Pedro de Paris An. 1176. bishop of Pampelone who notwithstanding he called himselfe so was of Nauarre It is very likely that the Prelates in those dayes had a great desire to build Monasteries and such like houses that they might leaue markes and memorie after their death of their diligence in the estate whereunto they were called for otherwise they could leaue no subiect to speake of them that age beeing vnlearned and full of ignorance so as not knowing in a manner any other duties they
either of his other three children 10000. Marauidis of gold and 250. Markes of siluer to his Bastards 7000. Marauidis of gold and certaine Markes of siluer The rest he ordained shold be employed to charitable vses as to build and indow Monasteries and Hospitals to redeeme captiues and to make Chalices Crosses and such like ornaments He also ordained to haue the bridge of Coimbra and the house of Saint Ladre built neither did hee forget the Apostolike Romaine Sea for he did bequeath vnto Pope Innocent the third an hundred Markes of gold and there was not any Church in his Kingdom but tasted of his bountie He was interred in the chappell of Saint Croix of Coimbra neere vnto the Queene Donna Aldoncia his wife from whence he was afterwards remoued into the Arch of the great chappell In the same Monastery are buried D. Henry D. Sancha Donna Blanca D. Berenguela and D. Constance his children D. Alphonso the 2. of that name the third King of Portugall AFter him D. Alphonso his son held the scepter of Portugal who was then about 27. yeares old 1212. Gencalogic of Portugall and was crowned in the citty of Coimbra And for that he was big fat and vnweldie of his person they surnamed him the Grosse he was alreadie father of two children D. Sancho and D. Alphonso whereof the second married Matilda heire to the Earle of Bologne in France besides these he had by his wife D. Vrraca of Castile Don Fernand who was Lord of Serpa and married to the daughter of the Earle D. Frenand of Lara of Castile called D. Sancha Fernandes from whom issued a daughter which was Queene of Denmarke into which Realme D. Elenor daughter to this king D. Alphonso was first married Besides these lawfull children the king had company with a Moore of whome he begot D. Alphonso Martines D. Alphonso at his first entrance had great lars with his sisters for the hee would haue taken from them the lands which his father had giuen them for their portions whose quarrell D. Alphonso king of Leon did imbrace and sent his sonne D. Fernand accompanied by D. Martin Sanches brother to these Ladies for his guide being very young with an armie who took from the king of Portugal Valencia of Minio Melgaçon Hulgoso Frexo and other places this war was afterwards ended by the commandement of Pope Innocent who threatened to censure the kings of Portugal and Leon if they made not a peace to take armes against the Mores who were enemies to the true Catholike Religion from whom about that time and as the armie of Castile was dissolued after the battell of Muradal D. Pedro king of Arragon tooke Castelfabid and Ademus which are in the Realme of Valencia 37 Wee haue sayd before Arragon that this king had a sonne by his wife vnthought of who was called Iaime this Infant was much enuied and his life sought by his Vncles of either side who wished there had issued no heire from Don Pedro and Donna Mary Countesse of Montpellier that they might haue succeeded to their Estates a murtherous and couetous desire which did chiefly possesse Don Fernand Abbot of Montarragon Wherefore they did breed vp Don Iayme carefully and as much as they could out of danger the king his father was aduised to send him into France to bee kept by some Noble man his friend where hee might be more safe then in Spaine wherefore hee gaue him to Simon Earle of Montfort to bring vp in whome he had great confidence but hee abused him for warre beeing attempted against the Albigeois in the which the Earles of Tholousa were ingaged Don Pedro king of Arragon and the Earle of Montfort grew enemies and were in armes one against another the Earle beeing made Generall against them of Albi and their adherents and the king Don Pedro fauouring the Earles of Tholousa father and sonne who had married his sisters The euent was as the Histories of Spaine report that the Earle of Montfort who had conceiued a great hatred against the Earles of Tholousa hauing then great forces from the French king vnder colour of making warre against the Albigeois which were fallen from the Church of Rome hee entred in hostile manner into the Earles countrie whereof the king of Arragon beeing aduertised by his brother-in-law hauing vntill then taken part with the Earle of Monfort in this quarrell of the Albigeois he turned against him hauing first aduised him but in vaine and caused the Pope to admonish him that vnder the pretext of warre against the Albigeois who were declared Heretickes he should not reuenge his priuate quarrels D. Pedro beeing passed into France and meaning to beseege Symon of Montfort in the castle of Muret which place he meant to abandon there happened a furious skirmish among them where as the king of Arragon was slaine vpon the place and with him Don Aznar D. Pedro king of Arragon slain in France 1213. and Pedro Pardo father and sonne Don Games de Luna Don Michel Luesia Michel Rada and many other Noblemen of Arragon the Earle of Montfort retired safe with his men Such was the pittifull end of this King Don Pedro in September 1213. hauing raigned happily and in great reputation eighteene yeares three moneths and 20. dayes his bodie has carried to the Monasterie of Sixena founded by the Queene his mother The Albigeois warre continued the end whereof you may see in the Histories of France They were people which opposed themselues against the Popes Supremacie and hunane inuentions brought in to the Christian Religion taught first by one called Amaulry in the towne of Alby and thereabouts against whom the Pope incensed Christian Princes In this action Dominicke a Chanoine of Osma did great seruice to the Romish Church Dominicke of Osma author of the Order of lacobins beeing brought into France by D. Diego his Bishop whom the Pope did send his Legat for the effect The Vniuersitie of Paris did also condemne the opinion of the Albigeois but Dominick relying not much vppon disputations and reasons perswaded all Princes and their subiects to armes as beeing the most expedient meanes for the which he was canonized and put in the catalogue of Saints It was he which brought in the Order of preaching Friars Our French Histories say that Don Pedro fauoured the Albigeois and yet those of Spaine giue him the title of Catholike In his time beganne the Impost for Beeues and other cattell in Cattelogne which was after his returne from the battaile of Muradal as well by reason of the great expences of the warre as for the great summes disbursed for the marriages of Don Pedro's three sisters Don Iames the first of that name the eighth King of Arragon 38 DOn Iames or Iaime his sonne was then in the power of the Earle of Montfort in the towne of Carcassone the which did much trouble the Arragonois and Castellans who laboured all they could to haue their Prince but it auayled
the yere he caused both gold and siluer to be coyned of a good Standard His residence at his first comming to the crowne was at Belin there his brother the Infant D. Pedro the Traueller duke of Coimbra came and kist his hands and sware vnto him fealty and homage The first yeare of his raigne and the second of the age of his sonne Don Alphonso hee caused him to be sworne the lawfull heire of the Crowne by the assembled at Sintra and would haue him called Prince Title of Prince first vsurped by the eldest sonne 〈◊〉 Portugall a title first vsurped by him in Portugall following the example of the eldest of other Christian kings his neighbors in Spaine After this solemnitie he caused the bodie of the king his father to be transported whose obsequies were the most royall and stately that euer were made for any king of Portugall For two moneths space that he lay in the cathedrall Church there were thirtie Masses sayd euery day and an aniuersarie once a weeke the bodie beeing accompanied and watched euery night by a great number of clerkes and religious men Stately funerals of King Iohn of Portugal singing diuers suffrages for the soule of the deceased The bodie beeing to be transported it was layed vpon an high bed garnished with many banners and trophees and it was watched in the night by the Infant Don Pedro beeing accompanied by a great number of gentlemen Don Fernand Arch-bishop of Braga the kings nephew doing the seruice who the next day sung Masse in his pontificall habit with great state ceremonie after which and the Sermon made by Friar Giles Lobo the kings Confessor the bodie was layed vpon a chariot and conducted by the new street where there was another Sermon made a third in S. Domingo after which it was accompanied with a great procession out of the towne and conducted by the king and the Princes to the Monasterie of S. Denis of Oduiella distant a league and an halfe from Lisbon where it rested that night where as the Infant Don Henry Master of the Order of Christ with his commanders watched from thence it was carried to Villafranca where they made another pause the Infant Don Iohn Master of Saint Iames with his Commanders watching that night Passing on the next day with the like pompe they came to Arcoentre where it rested againe and the bodie was watched by the Infant D. Fernand Master of Auiz with his commanders Continuing the next day they came to Alcouaça where they made the fourth pause and there watched D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos brother to the Infants aboue-named accompanied by his two sonnes Don Diego Earle of Oren and Marquis of Valencia and Don Fernand Earle of Arroyolos and Marquis of Villavitiosa in all which places there was Euensong and vigils sayd at night when it arriued and in the morning before it parted Masse being sung pontifically by the abbot of Alcouaça and the Bishops of Ebora and la Garde in all places in the end they came to the Hermitage of Saint George in the place of battel with the like procession pompe and ceremonie as they came out of Lisbone The Hermite came foorth to meet it and did accompanie it to the royall Monasterie of the battell where it was receiued and layd in a royall sepulchre with great and sollemne Masses and other ceremonies Modesty of the Infant D. Pedro and his â—â—her vertues and very rich offerings where as aboue all others the pietie and filiall duty of the Infant D. Pedro was remarkable in which good and kind offices hee continued towards king Edward his brother in the gouernement of the affaires of the realm committed vnto him This Prince is much commended by the Portugals for his modestie affirming that he would neuer suffer any one to kisse his hand nor to speake to him kneeling nor to vse any other tearmes of submission accustomed to great men Hee loued learning and learned men greatly and himselfe did write some Treaties of the gouernement of Princes and made some traductions out of the Latine tongue into the vulgar Portugal not without learning and iudgement He had a particular deuotion to Michael the arch-angell as he was instructed by the Diuines of that age wherefore he carried a ballance for his deuice and was a great builder of Temples and holy places He caused Saint Michael of Penela and Auero to be built and in the same towne he was the founder of the Monasterie of Piety of the preaching Friars and of the church of Tentuble and of the hospitall of Saint Eloy he made a collegiall Monasterie as it is at this present Besides which buildings hee caused the Estates to be built in the city of Lisbon to lodge Courtiers to ease the inhabitants of that troublesome and many times preiudiciall subiection This Prince was husband to Donna Izabella of Arragon daughter to Don Iames Earle of Vrgel and of D. Izabella Infanta of Arragon daughter to Don Pedro the fourth of that name Of D. Iames I say who thinking to raigne in Arragon after the decease of D. Martin rebelled against the determination of the arbitrators who had chosen Don Fernand of Castile for King the which cost him his libertie and estates goods and dignities whereof being depriued he dyed a prisoner The Infant Don Pedro had by this Ladie Donna Izabella Don Pedro who was third Constable of Portugall who in the warres which the Cattelans had against Don Iohn king of Nauarre heire to his brother Don Alphonso King of Arragon he was chosen King of Arragon and dyed in that warre with that title Moreouer he had Don Iohn future king of Cypres husband to Donna Izabella whome Don Alphonso the fifth of that name her cousin germaine married a princesse hauing her deuotion and hope directed to Saint Iohn the Euangelist in whose honor shee caused the Monasterie at Lisbon to be built dedicated to him on the toppe of Euxobregas With these two sonnes he had D. Philippe who liued a religious woman in the Monasterie of Odiuelas and was so giuen to studie as she translated into the Portugal tongue a worke of Laurence Iustinians Patriarke of Venice and of Aquilea founder of the Order of S. George of Alaga moreouer Don Iames and Donna Beatrix who were retired after their fathers decease by Donna Izabella Dutchesse of Bourgondie their aunt Don Iames was aduanced to spirituall liuings afterwards made a Cardinall and Arch-bishop of Lisbone and Donna Beatrix was married to the Lord of Rauestein nephew to the Duke of Bourgondie Cardinall dyes a virgin This Cardinall dyed a Virgin as they say at Florence where he was buried in the time of Pius the second In the beginning of the yeare 1431. there had beene a generall councell called Councel of Basil the which was continued by Pope Eugenius Successor to Martin the fifth in the cittie of Basill this yeare 1433. but afterwards the fathers were diuided and the Pope
wherefore hee did inuite both of them to come to victoria and to refere their controuersies to his arbitrement with these holy speeches hee gaue content and admiration to the Knights of Nauarre at whose returne the Earle of Lerin and the Constable came to Victoria where if King Fernand could not wholy reconcile them yet he procured a truce betwixt them putting each of them in mind with great meekenesse mixed with grauity of their errors with the amendement thereof to the good of the Kingdome their own particular proffit and for the seruice of King Iohn their maister The King of Arragon afterwards perceiuing him-selfe at the graues brinke and desiring to leaue quietnesse in that miserable kingdome where the factions had bred such confusions as neither the feare of God nor the respect of iustice nor the loue of honesty was able to containe men from executing all kinds of mischeefes murthers sacrileges robberies burnings and horrible desolations ouer the whole country which were followed with the terrible and fearefull iudgements of God as plagues famines and other scourges of his wrath all which were not onely encreased but procured by the Kings second marriage King Iohns second marriage 〈◊〉 to the realme of Nauarre King Iohn I say beeing mooued with these things sent the Earle of Lerin such assurances as hee caused him to to come to Saragossa being well accompanied where the King did gently receaue him graunted him peace and gaue a generall pardon to all offences past proceeding from both factions and for a greater confirmation of the whole he gaue the Earle a bastard daughter of his in marriage called Donna Leonora of Arragon by these meanes the Princesse Leonora widdow to the Earle of Foix The Earle of Lerin marrieth a bastard daughter of Arragon and becomes obedient to King Iohn and future Queene of Nauarre recouered without force her townes and fortresses and was euery where obeyed except in the Citty of Caseda which was battered at the taking whereof dyed that Valiant Captaine Sancho of Eruiti surnamed the obstinate in the seruice of the Princesse Leonora about which time Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Pampelona called a Sinode at Estella wherein they treated of ceremonies and other matters After all these things King Iohn beeing at rest and quietâ— in the Citty of Barcelona notwithstanding hee was very aged and full of sicknesse fell in loue with a yong Gentlewoman called Francina Rosa with whose beauty and comlinesse hee did comfort by imbraces and frutelesse kisses the waywardnesse of his old age leauing her concerning other matters free and vntouched to him who after-ward married her King Fernand hauing as hath beene already saide made the pacification of Nauarre at Victoria Iohn King of Arragon falls in loue in his extreme old age and by the renowne of his power deliuered the country of Guipuscoa from the French army would in like manner order the affaires of Alua Biscaie and other places neere adioyning where were many factions and other disorders hee therefore entred Bicay beeing attended on by Don Alphonso Carisso Bishoppe of Pampelona Pedro Lopes de Padilla great gouernor of the Frontiers of Castile Don Henry Henriques the Kings Vncle brother to the Admirall Don Pedro de Estuniga eldest Sonne to the Earle of Miranda Doctor Iohn Dias de Alcocer one of the Kings Councell Roderigo Vlloa his great Tresorer and Councellour Don Diego de Acugna sonne to the Bishop of Burgos Don Fernand de Ayala sonne to the Marshall Don Garcia de Ayala and by other Knights and Ecclesiasticall persons The Biscains had an ancient custome which was not to suffer any Bishop to come within their country Bishops exclaued out of the Country of Bisay by reason perhaps of the attempts and wrongs which they had in time before susteined by the prelats and Churchmen the which was vnknowne to King Fernand who riding on with the Bishop hee was aduertized of their custome and was constrained to send him backe the peasants and poore country people thinking the ground to bee infected wherevpon this Prelat and his Mule did tread were busied many daies after in scraping together the dust of the high-waies Strange opinions of the Biscaines concerning Bishops which they laide vp in heapes and threw it afterwards with curses and imprecations into the sea the which certainely was not done without some mistery those people not beeing voide of religion but superstitiously deuout as the rest of the Spaniards are The King visited Bilboa and afterward hee came to Guernica where hee was receiued and reuerenced with all ceremonious duty Hee called the Nobility of the country thither and confirmed all their priuiledges by his letters patents written by Gaspar Arin his secretary dated the thirtith day of Iuly the yeere 1476. in the presence of diuers Noble personages of name The King beeing busied about these matters a famous French Pirate named Colora came with foure vessels to a place called the figge-tree of Fontarabie to whom after that fiue more ioyned these nine shippes did ride there at an ankor for the space of eleuen daies in the view of the towne of Fontarabie and sundry times they landed their souldiars who ranne vp and downe the country burning and spoyling all they met with against whom the Garrison went forth and flew more then a hundred of them wherevpon they set saile towards Galicia where they burned the suburbes of the City of Ribadeo then sayling along the coast of Portugall they met with certaine Carrakes of Genoa Combate at sea be wiâ—t the frenchmen Genoueses with whom they grapled and the fight betwixt them was so furious as seuen vessells were there burned to weet two Genoueses and fiue of the Pirates who with the other foure which remained were repared at Lisbone The report of this Pirate caused thirty ships of warre to bee set forth as well from Saint Sebastians as from other places on the coast of Biscay who met altogether at Laredo and this sea-army parted from Conserua and sailed towards Galicia where they tooke partly by force and partly by composition certaine places vpon the sea coast next to Portugall which were reuolted from the Kings of Castile Herevpon truce was granted and agreed vpon betwixt the French men and Guipuscoans by land onely for the space of three monthes leauing the sea free for euery man to doe the best hee could the army aboue mentioned hauing done that exploite on the marches of Galicia returned laden with spoiles Amongst other things those of Saint Sebastian brought away two yron peeces of ordonance whereof one did carry a stone-bullet of a hundred and threescore pound waight taken from Bayon de Minio The charges of this warre of Guipuscoa was heauy to the whole Prouince with great discommodity and losse of their bloud which warre after the retreat of the French did continue still at sea where the French lost more then they did winne King Fernand hauing discharged honored and praised
enemies as entring into the suburbes they made a pittifull slaughter of all those which could not soone enough get into the city against the which the cannon beeing planted the flankes and curtines were soone ouerthrowne and infinite numbers of houses perced thorow so as the Moores fearing to bee sooner forced by the enemies then succoured by their friends yeelded themselues and went forth of the towne with bagge and baggage Illora yeeldeth to King Fernand and without their armes The King gaue the garrison of Illora to Don Gonçalo Hernandes de Cordoua brother to Don Alphonso d'Aguilar who was afterward surnamed the great captaine The army after that marched to Moclin whether Queene Isabella came to ioyne with the campe at Loxa The towne had beene newly fortified with towers and bulwarkes more then in former times but the battery was made with such store of ordinance as nothing could resist it the Christians besides did vse diuers kindes of artificiall fiers the which did great hurt to the beseeged and burnt all their store of gunpoulder by meanes of a pot of this wild fire which flew in the ayre and did stick fast in a tower where the said poulder lay which was blowne vp into the ayre wherewith the Moores being amazed Moclin taken they did compound to depart with their liues and goods saued Moclin being taken part of the army was sent to beate Montefrio they were the troupes of Siuill Xeres and Carmona whilest the King with the residew thereof made spoile vpon the confines of Granado not without diuers incounters and sharpe skirmishes with the Moores who came forth of the head city The King being returned to Moclin the captaines of Montefrio and Colomera presented themselues vnto him demanding composition which was granted them and the Moores went forth of those two places to Granado with their goods but they left their armor weapons and victuals behind them All these places which were taken were rampired and fortified with good garrisons victuals and other necessaries and hauing left D. Frederike de Toledo sonne to D. Garcy Aluares of Toledo Duke of Alua captaine generall of the who country newly conquered the King and Queene returned to Cordoua Not long after they marched towards Leon to order the affaires of Galicia which was greatly troubled by the insolency of the Earle of Lemos who neuerthelesse appearing before the Kings did humbly craue his pardon and obtained it being fauoured by diuers great Lords of the Court Hee was notwithstanding enioyned not to enter into Galicia for a certaine time and the places of Ponferrada Sarria and Castro-real were taken from him and were applied to the crowne the Kings neuerthelesse giuing a certaine summe of money for the marriage of his aunts The Hospitall of Saint Iameâ— built by King Fernand and Queene Isabel for the releese of pilgrims These things thus ordered the Kings went to visit Saint Iames his Church in the which city they builded a goodly Hospitall for the releefe of the poore and of pilgrims from thence fetching a circuit round about the country of Galicia they redressed diuers tyranies which were there committed restoring diuers monasteries and Churches which were by force dispossessed of their goods lands and reuenewes by certaine Knights and Gentlemen To containe whom and all others in their duties they established a Iudgement seate of foure Auditors which was the beginning of the Royall Audience of Galicia and they confirmed Don Diego Lopes Earle of Haro in his dignity of Viceroy of the country as he had beene in time before And the better to procure the peace of the countrey Mâ—tinous and quaâ—re some 〈◊〉 sent forth of the Country vnder coâ—tlar of other imployment they caused diuerse strong houses to be ouer-throwne and razed to the ground which serued for the repaire of theeues and robbers and carried away with them out of Galicia diuerse mutinous and quarrellous Gentlemen to the end they should employ their strength and courage in the warre against the Moores The Court beeing returned to Benauent the Earle shewed himselfe very liberall and magnificent in the entertainment of the Kings and the great Lords from thence they came to Salamanca where they spent the remainder of this yeare 1486. It hapned this yeare in the towne of Trugillo that the Iudge or Corrigidor of the place hauing laide hands vpon a Priest for committing some notorious crime and not sending him so one enough to his ordinary Iudge Mutiny vnder shâ—w of religion the prisoners kins folke hauing taken a Crosse in their hands ranne vp and downe the Citty crying out for helpe and said that the holy Catholicke faith was trodden vnder foote the which did so stirre vp the brutish multitude as they ranne to take Armes and came in tumultuous manner to the Corrigidors lodging who was glad to make hast to deliuer the prisoner whereof the King and Queene had notice who were greatly displeased with such seditions and sent certaine Iudges and Commissioners to Trugillo with forces who executed diuerse of the mutiners according to lawe This yeare Christopher Colombus borne at Cugurco vpon the riuer of Genoa came to the Court of Castile The first comming of Christopher Colombus to the King and Queene of Castile who made offer to search the Occidentall Ocean where hee did vndertake to discouer a great land riche and aboundant in gold and other commodities crauing ayde of the King and Queen of money and shippes to furnish him out on such a voyage Colombus was a man very expert in Nauigation and vntill that time hee had gotten his liuing by making Sea Cardes Hee beeing married and dwelling in the Isle of Madera a shippe of Biscay which had for many dayes beene driuen vp and downe by tempests and cast vpon the same coasts whereof hee did then speake did happen to arriue in the Island Colombus brought the Pilot thereof and three other Marriners home to his house who hauing endured much misery at sea did there dye and in recompence of their kinde entertainment they did amply informe their hoast whereabout these lands lay and with what windes a man might saile thether Colombus being a man of a quick apprehension and great courage came to King Iohn of Portugall hoping to perswade him to vndertake that Nauigation offering him his seruice therein and after that to King Henry the seauenth of England in the end to Don Henriques de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia and to Don Lewis de la Cerde Duke of Medina Celi who held commodious Hauens in Castile beseeching them to ayde him in so worthy an enterprise but all his trauaile was to no purpose for they esteemed him as an Italian who by bragges and vaunts of matters which hee knew not endeuoured to releeue his pouerty Now this yeare hee came to Court with letters from Frier Iohn Peres de Marchena one excellently learned in all humane learning who dwelt at Rauida which gaue good testimony of Colombus
aboue foure thousand and about fiue thousand prisoners or eight thousand as Ierosme Iulien the cardinalls Secretary writes and of the Christians only thirtie The spoile of that citie was esteemed to be worth aboue 500000 crownes the which is credible for they hold that there were fifteene hundred store-houses or marchants shoppes To conclude all men made themselues rich there yea the verie horse boyes The cardinall being in the fort of Mersalcabir hauing had intelligence of the winning of the citie of Oran caused himselfe to be conducted thither in the gallies where hee entred with great acclamations causing a crosse to be carried before him there hee receiued the keyes of the Alcazaua that is to say of the chiefe fort from whence there were drawne aboue 300 poore Christian prisoners and set at libertie The spoyle being all gathered together and kept to be presented vnto him that he might dispose thereof as generall of the army Distribution of the spoyle at Oran hee retained nothing for himselfe but onely caused certaine things to be layd a part for the king he did seperate also a part for the commoditie and vse of the army in generall leauing the rest to the captaines and souldiers many of the which who had shewed themselues most valiant he honoured with presents It was no small difficultie to cleanse the towne of dead bodies which did already stinke and were likely to corrupt the ayre for the number beeing great after that they had buried many in great and deepe pittes and burnt many yet did they many dayes after finde some in the streetes and houses besides there were few men that would busie themselues to bury the dead for there was not so great gaine as in killing them that were liuing They found aboue threescore peeces of ordonance and an infinite number of other engins for defence so as it is admirable that a towne so well peopled and so well fortified made no defence being assured of succours from the Alarabes vagabonds and mercenaries of Afrike whereof they had means to entertaine good numbers True it it is that some say this city was taken by practise and treason plotted by the Cardinall and by the ministerie of Martin Argoto of Cordoua and Alphonso of Martos prisoners in Oran Oran taken by practise as some hold since the defeat of D. Diego Fernandes gouernor of Mersalcabir and that these two did corrupt Hamet Acanix or Aben Canex and Isael Otaybi receiuers of the reuenue which the king of Tremessen had there and a Iew dwelling at Oran called Cetora who were the cause that the ports were shut against the Alarabes which were repulsed from the passage of the mountaine of the watch and gaue entrie to the Spaniards the cardinall hauing had aduice by these traitors that he must assaile the towne the day after his ariuall for if he delayed it he should be deceiued of his expectation for that the king of Tremessen had a mighty army which marcht to succour the city And they say that he that was captaine of the Alcazaua or fort of Oran called Cedrin was kinseman to Acanix and a partisan of his treason the which is probable for in trueth the Spaniards did first enter into Oran by the fort The cardinall hauing cleansed the Mesquites the chiefe of them was dedicated to the Annunciation and an other to Saint Iaques hee made an hospitall called Saint Bernard and two Couents one of Franciscan Friars and the other of Iacobins and hauing ordered all things concerning religion the best he could he left the care of state and warre to Pedro Nauarro and so returned into Spaine for there was no good agreement among them The cardinall spent a whole yeere in these matters for he arriued in Spaine the same day that he parted He did erect a dignitie with the title of an Abbot in regard of this victorie to the which hee assigned a seate in his church of Toledo 18 This yeere one thousand fiue hundred and nine D. Catherine Infanta of Castille widow to Arthur prince of Wales was married to Henrie king of England the eight of that name brother to her deceased husband who was that yeere come to the crowne by the decease of their father Henrie the seuenth and was crowned on Saint Iohn Baptists day which by reason thereof was solemnized with extraordinarie pompe in Castille by king Ferdinand who to perform the articles of the league made at Cambray sent at the same time a sea-army to the realme of Naples wherefore the Viceroy of Naples beganne to shew himselfe vpon the coast of Apulia in shew of an enemy Army of Spaine sent to annoy the Venetians to force the Venetians to yeeld vnto the king his master the townes of Manfredonia Trani Monopoli Brindez and Otranto which had beene ingaged vnto them during the precedent warres with France The Pope the Emperour and the French King did likewise inuade them the euent whereof I will forbeare to relate it belonging not to this Historie of Spaine During the warre against the Venetians there was a controuersie reconciled betwixt the emperour Maximilian and king Ferdinand touching the gouernement of Castille after the death of king Philip. The emperour thought that being grandfather by the fathers side vnto prince Charles the heire of that realme and of his brother and sisters D. Ferdinand D. Leonora D. Maria D. Isabella and D. Catherina issued of his sonne and D. Ioane and therefore pretending right in Castille it was more fit that hee should haue the gouernment than the king D. Ferdinand their grandfather by the mothers side but king Ferdinands title seemed to be the better Controuersie betwixt the emperour Maximilian king Ferdinand reconciled for that D. Ioane his daughter the proprietarie Queene of Castille was yet liuing and that it was an vnwoorthy thing that the gouernement of a realme which had beene honored and inlarged by him with such great conquests should be taken from him to giue it vnto strangers This controuersie was ended by the mediation of the French king vpon these conditions That the king D. Ferdinand should gouerne the realme of Castille Leon c. in case hee had no sonne by queene Germaine vntill that prince Charles should come to the age of fiue and twentie yeares at which time hee should resigne the gouernement vnto the prince with this charge that during the life of queene Ioane his mother hee should not intitle himselfe king of Castille That during this time king Ferdinand should pay vnto the emperor fifty thousand ducats yearely and to prince Charles other great summes of money and that persisting in the accords of the league made at Cambray hee should contribute to the warre of Lombardie against the Venetians After this accord the Emperour and the French King vnderstood to their great griefe what the Pope and King Ferdinand had done with the Venetians 19 The pope doubting that the French king who was mighty in Italie Practises of
kinde of plant in the church he was taken vp and his life preserued He was sonne to Bertrand of Loyola and Ognez in the prouince of Guipuscoa Inigo of Loyola and his familie in the iurisdiction of Aspeytia which in old time was called Miranda of Yraurgui After this mischance he was carried to his fathers house at Loyola 1521 which is in the middest of the prouince of Guipuscoa where seeing himselfe maimed and vnable euer after to beare armes he changed his mind and profession and quitting the world he gaue himselfe to spirituall things following the direction which he had according to the religion which was then esteemed amongst men His first religious exploit was to goe and visit the place of Monserrat where hee spent nine days then he gaue all his goods vnto the poore and retired himselfe into the mountaines of Manresa where hee began to lead a solitarie life for the space of seuen months Afterwards he went to Barcelona from whence he past by sea to Venice and finding the pilgrims ship ready to depart he put himselfe into it went to Palestina to seek the places of that land whereof mention is made in the holy Scripture but the father gardian of the Franciscans of mount Sion forced him to returne Studies of Inigo of Loyola and for that hee was but ignorant he began to study his Grammar at Barcelona after which he frequented the vniuersitie of Alcala of Henares going always bare footed although he were lame which maner of liuing many did interpret to be very superstition wherefore he was apprehended and let goe againe by the iudgement of doctor Iohn of Figueroa with charge that he should goe no more bare footed this made him leaue Alcala and goe to Salamanca where he was more derided wherfore seeing himselfe crost in his studies by these persecutions he left Spaine and came to Paris where he heard master Peter Faber and there he remained not long being vext by some and supported by others in the end allowed by master Orâ— they held an opinion that he was a holy man and of a scholer he became a master hauing for his followers his master Peter Faber First Iesuits Diego Laynes Iohn Coduri Claude Gay Pasqual Brouet Francis Xauierre Alphonso Sameron Simon Rodrigues and Nicholas of Bouadilla students in diuinitie all which submitted themselues to an Order set downe by Inigo and did vow perpetuall pouertie chastitie Hauing wrought this in France he returned into Spaine honored with the degree of Master in the vniuersitie of Paris and retired himselfe to the place of his birth not to his fathers house of Loyola but to the hospitall of Aspeytia and would not be knowne there he began to preach as well in the church of Saint Sebastian of Soreasu as in other places of that countrey with so great a concourse and repution as it was said they wonderfull so as in the end being discouered by a clerke of Nauarre who had studied at Paris he was made knowne vnto his parents who sought by all means possible to retire him from that begging kind of life but in vaine Hee had concluded with his companions abouenamed to make a voyage with them to the holie Land wherefore he went to meet them at Venice where the Rendez-vous was from whence they went to Rome and stayed there all Lent in the yeare 1537 and obtayned leaue of pope Paul the third to performe their pilgrimage whereupon they returned to Venice but finding that the passage was stopt by reason of the warre betwixt that commonweale and the Turke they were forced to stay there and by that means the Iesuits were first knowne in Italie not without great crosses from the which they were deliuered by the iudgement of Gaspar of Ottis who disputed in their cause Desirous to be of greater fame they got leaue to heare in Confession and some of them receiued Orders to say masse then they dispersed themselues in the Venetians terriorie preaching and doing other workes of their profession purchasing great fame especially with the ignorant so as in the yeare 1538 they came all to Rome whereas they obtayned from pope Paul confirmation approbation of their maner of liuing Sect of Iesuits confirmed at Rome and of the statutes and orders of their â—ect by the aid and fauor of cardinall Contareno and they were receiued vnder the protection of the sea of Rome but only viuae vocâ— or aculo referring them for the expedition of the perpetuation of their sect to cardinall Guidiccion of Luca the which was effected with the more ease forasmuch as there were at that time in Rome doctor Iohn of Figueroa master Ori and Gaspar of Ottis who gaue ample information of the life manners and intention of Inigo of Loyola whom they had knowne at Alcala Paris and Venice Cardinall Guidiccion notwithstanding that hee had a little before set forth a booke De non multiplicandis religionibus not only imbraced and allowed them but became theâ—â— solicitor Cardinall Guidiccion first patron to the Iesuits wherefore they were confirmed and allowed by letters and bulles the first of October 1540 giuen at Tiuoli vnder the name and title of the company of Iesus with liberty to receiue into their company being then but tenne to the number of threescore by prouision The eleuenth which was retayned into this Order was called Anthony of Araos borne at Vergara in Guipuscoa D. Iohn the third king of Portugall being aduertised of this new brood by his embassador D. Pedro Mazcaner as desired to haue some into his countrey wherefore he caused suit to bee made vnto the Pope to send some vnto him For this cause there were sent into Portugall Francis Xauierre a Nauarrois and Simon Rodrigues a Portugall brothers of this Company of Iesus Simon Rodrigues remained in Portugall Xauierre past to the East Indies to preach and there died In the yeare 1543 they had leaue from pope Paul to increase their number as much as they would and to receiue all that would enter into the Order and then in the yeare 1545 hee graunted them all the priuiledges faculties and graces which they now enioy Afterwards Peter Fabri and Anthony of Araos came into Castille and consequently the rest so as Spaine hath neuer wanted of this brood After the death of Paul the third pope Iulio de Monte his successor did in a manner beginne the first Acts of his papacie by a confirmation of this Order in the yeare 1550. Duke of Gandie becomes a Iesuite By the conuersation of doctor Anthony of Araos D. Francisco Borgia and of Arragon Duke of Gandie and Marquesse of Lombay conceiued a great loue to this sect in the which he was the more confirmed by the persuasion of his wife D. Leonora de Castro a Portugall much deuoted to the Iesuits so as D. Francisco went out of Spaine with this doctor who was the first Prouinciall of Castille towards Rome where he
carried their wiues at the comming of the English They had drawne many Indians vnto them all bow-men with poysoned arrowes them they had placed in corners of aduantage so as if they did but breake the skinne of any one he dyed The armie stayd here sixe weekes and burnt the out-parts of it but in the end there was a composition made by the which they should pay an hundred and ten thousand duckets for the ransome of the rest They had beene aduertised of this Fleet 20. daies before their arriuall which had made them fortifie in that manner for their defence and to conueygh away their wealth Hauing made this composition they left the towne and lodged in an Abbey within a quarter of a mile of it demanding a new composition for it and a fort which stood at the mouth of the harbor but not able as they sayd to ransome the fort it was blowne vp From thence the Fleet went to Cape Saint Anthony and then to the Cape of Florida where they found a fort held by the Spaniards the which vppon their approach they abandoned They found in it thirteene peeces of brasse Ordinance and a chest of some 2000. pounds sterling to pay the Kings Garrison which consisted of a hundred and fiftie men This fort was called Saint Iohns from whence they went vp the maine riuer to a towne called S. Augustines And then the Fleet returned into England They tooke in this action 200. peeces of brasse Ordinance and 40. of Iron In Saint Iago two or three and fiftie peeces In S. Domingo foure score whereof most was Cannon Demi-cannon Culuerin and such like In Carthagena sixtie three peeces and in Saint Augustines fort fourteene the rest was Iron Ordinance There was such excesse in their styles and in their speaking and writing one vnto another as vpon petition made vnto the King he made an Edict and set downe a forme what termes they should vse both in their speaking and writing as followeth Pragmatica or an Edict In the which is set downe a forme which is to be kept and obserued in their entertainments and courtesies of word and writing and in carrying of Coronets vpon their Armes DOn Philip by the Grace of God King of Castile Leon Arragon the two Sicilies Ierusalem Portugall Nauarre Granado Toledo Valencia Gallicia Maiorca Seuile Sardinia Cordoua Corsica Murcia Iaen the Algarues Algezire and Gibraltar of the Ilands of the Canaries of the East and West Indies and the Ilands and firme land of the Ocean sea Arch-duke of Austria Duke of Bourgondie Brabant and Milan Earle of Ausbourg Flanders Tirol and Barcelona Lord of Biscay Molina c. To the Prince Don Philip our most deere and welbeloued Sonne and to the Infanta's Prelates Dukes Marquises Earles Barons Priors of Orders Commaunders and sub-Commaunders Captaines of Castles and places of strength and to those of our Councell Presidents and Iustices of our Courts Commissioners and Prouosts of our House Court and Chancerie and to all Corrigidors Assistants Gouernours chiefe Iâ—stices c. and to all other our Officers and naturall subiects of what estate preheminence or dignitie soeuer they be or may be in all the citties townes places and Prouinces of our Realmes and Seigniories both present and to come and to euery one of you whom the contents of this our Edict may concerne health and peace You shall vnderstand that at the sute of the Atturneys of Courts of the Citties and Townes of these our Realmes we haue beene forced to prouide a necessarie and conuenient remedie concerning the disorder and abuse which is in the entertainements by word and writing the excesse whereof was growne so great and come to passe as it had caused some inconueniences and daily more might be expected if it were not reformed and reduced to some good auncient order seeing that true honour doth not consist in vanities or titles giuen by word or writing but in greater matters whereunto these do neither adde nor diminish And hauing often treated thereof with our Councell Wee haue ordayned as followeth in this our present Edict First although it be not necessarie to treate herein of our selfe nor of the persons of Kings yet to the end that it may be the better obserued and kept which doth concerne them We will and command that from hencefoorth on the toppe of the letter or paper that shall be written vnto vs there shall bee no other title put but Seignior or My Lord nor in the end of the letter any thing but God preserue the person of your Catholike Maiestie nor the subscription below any thing but his name that writes it and vpon the superscription there shall be onely set To the King our Lord. That to the Princes heires and successors of these our Realmes they shall write in the same forme changing only Maiestie into Highnes and that of King into Prince and in the end of the letter God preserue your Highnesse The same forme and style shall be obserued with the Queenes of these our realmes as with their Kings and likewise with the Princesses of the sayd Queenes as with their Princes That the Infants and Infanta's of these our Realmes shall onely haue the title of Highnesse In the top of the letter they shall write My Lord and in the end God keepe your Highnesse without any other ceremonie and vppon the Superscription To my Lord the Infant D. N. or To my Lady the Infanta Donna N. Wherefore when they do speake or write Highnesse without any other addition it is onely to bee vnderstood of the Prince the heire and successor of these our Realmes Declaring that it is not our will nor intent that the contents of this Edict shall extend to Donna Maria the Empresse my most deare and welbeloued sister although she be an Infanta of Castile beeing certaine that she is to be called and written Maiestie and vpon the superscription To my Ladie the Empresse and her sonnes brothers to the Emperour our most deare and welbeloued Nephew shall haue the same titles that are giuen to the Infants of these Realmes and in like manner to the Arch-dukes his Vncles That to the sonnes-in-law and brothers-in-law of the kings of these Realmes shall be giuen the same titles that their wiues haue and daughters in law to the sayd Kings shall be vsed like vnto their husbands And as for the entertainment which the sayd royall persons are moreouer to haue our meaning is not to innouate any thing of that which hath beene accustomed That the style vsed in the petitions which are presented to our Councell and in the other Councels Chanceries and Tribunals and the words which they vse when they are in Councell shall be obserued as hath beene hitherto vnlesse it be contrarie to this our prouision and on the toppe they may set Most mightie Lord and no more That in the signing of all our letters scedules and prouisions our Secretaries shall set By the King our Lord in the stead of