Princes The Relation of the Conquests and Settlement of the Normans in Italy The Voyage of Bohemond Prince of Tarentum and the Princes that went along with him The Voyage of Raymond de Tholose of Aymar de Monteil Bishop of Pavia and the other Princes and Lords which accompanied them The Charaâ—ter of that Earl his Conference with the Emperor and the Treachery of that Prince The Voyage of Robert Duke of Normandy his Character and Treaty with the Emperor Page 1. BOOK II. The Description of the City of Nice in Bithynia and the Siege thereof by the Princes of the Crusade The Second and third Battle of Nice where the young Solyman was beaten The taking of that City and the Treachery of the Greek Emperor The March of the Christian Army One part thereof surprized by Solyman The Battle of the Gorgonian Valley The Progress of the Christian Army in the lesser Asia The great danger of Duke Godfrey and his Combat with a monstrous Bear The difference and little Civil dissention between Baldwin and Tancred Baldwin makes himself Master of the Principality of Edessa The entrance of the Christian Army into Syria The Description of the Famous City of Antioch It is besieged by the Princes The Relation of this famous Siege The Combat at the Bridge of Antioch The marvellous Actions of Duke Godfrey The Approach of Corbagath with a prodigious Army to relieve the City The Relation of the taking of Antioch by Bohemond by Intelligence in the City with one Pyrrhus The Christian Army at the same time besieged by Corbagath A Relation of the discovery of the top of a Spear which was believed to be that which pierced our Saviour's side The memorable Battle of Antioch where the whole power of the Turks and Sarasins in Asia was defeated by the Christians The death of Aymar de Monteil Bishop of Pavia The quarrel between Count Raymond and the Prince of Tarentum The taking of Marra A strange Relation of the gratitude of a Lyon The Seige of Arcas The odd Story of Anselm de Ribemond Earl of Bouchain and the deceased Engelram Son to the Earl of St. Paul The taking of Torlosa by a stratagem by the Vicount de Turenne The Sultan of Egypt takes Jerusalem from the Turks breaks his League with the Princes of the Crusade The Ambassadours of Alexis slighted The advantageous composition with the Emir of Tripolis The March of the Christian Army to Jerusalem Lidda Rama Nicopolis and Bethlehem taken by the Christians The extraordinary expressions of their Devotion upon the first discovery of the Holy City p. 33. BOOK III. The Present State of Jerusalem when the Christian Princes Besieged it The Destribution of their Quarters The ill Success of an Assault given against the Rules of War by the Advice of a Hermite who pretended a Revelation for it The Description of Duke Godfrey's Engines The solemn Procession of the Besiegers about the City The Second General Assault for three days together Two Magicians who were Conjuring upon the Walls have their Brains beaten out with a Stone from Duke Godfrey's wooden Castle The Artifice of Godfrey to drive the Enemies from the Walls He is the first that by the Bridge of his Castle mounts the Walls Jerusalem taken The fearful Slaughter of the Sarasins By Godfrey's Example the whole Army return solemn Thanks to God at the Holy Sepulchre An Assembly of the Princes to chuse a King and a Patriarch The Speech of Robert Duke of Normandy upon this Subject Godfrey of Bullen chosen and proclaimed King of Jerusalem The memorable Battle of Ascalon against the Sultan of Egypt and the Victory of the Christians which concluded this first Crusade The return of the Crusades The Conquests of Godfrey of Bullen and his Death An Abridgement of the History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem till the time of the Second Crusade The Reign of Baldwin the First The flourishing Estate of the Christians in the East till his Death The Reign of Balwin the Second The Relation of the founding the Military Orders of the Knights Hospitallers The Captivity of King Baldwin His deliverance His Victories and Death He is succeeded by his Son-in-Law Fowk d'Anjou The Prosperity of his Reign His Death and the Regency of Queen Melisintha during the Minority of Baldwin the Third The Occasion of the second Expedition of the Crusades The Relation of the two Josselins de Courtenay Earls of Edessa The taking of that City by Sanguin Sultan if Alepo and afterwards by Noradin his Son The Character of that Prince and his Conquests over the Christians Applications made to Lewis the young King of France His Character and what moved him to undertake the Crusade He consults St. Bernard concerning it The Character of that Saint and the Order he received from Pope Eugenius the Third to preach the Crusade The General Assemblies of Bourges Vezelay and Chartress for the Crusade It is published by Saint Bernard in France and Germany The Emperor and King take up the Cross The Abbot Sugere declared Regent in France His Character and advice concerning the expedition The Voyage of the Emperor The Description of the Tempest which almost ruined his Army upon the Banks of the River Melas The Fleet of the Crusades takes Lisbon from the Sarasins The Original of the Kings of Portugal The Character and Perfidy of the Greek Emperor Manuel His underhand Treating with the Turks The miserable Overthrow of the Emperor's Army The Voyage of King Lewis to Constantinople and his reception The Advice of the Bishop of Langress who Counsels the King to take Constantinople his Speech upon that Subject the reason that his Advice was not followed the Treacheries of Manuel thereupon The Kings Voyage into Asia His Interview with the Emperor Conrade and the Return of that Prince to Constantinople The Description of the River Meander and the famous passage of the King of France with his Army over it p. 68. PART II. BOOK I. The Rereguard of the Kings Army Defeated in the Mountains of Laodicea for want of observing the Kings Orders The Description of that Combat A most Heroick Action of the King in an extreme Danger of his Life His March and admirable Conduct to Attalia The new Perfidy of the Greeks in Betraying the Royal Army The Arrival of the King at Antioch and his Difference with Prince Raymond The Conquenty March to Jerusalem where he is met by the Emperor Conrade The Councel at Ptolemais where the Seige of Damascus is resolved The Description of the City of Damascus The manner of the March of the Christian Army towards that City The Young King Baldwin makes the first Attack his Character and extraordinary Valour in the Attack against the Gardens and Suburbs of Damascus The great Combat upon the Bank of the River A brave Action of the Emperor Conrade An Account of the Siege of Damascus and the Treachery of the Syrians which occasioned the ill Success of that Enterprise The Return
Success of an Assault given against the Rules of War by the Advice of a Hermite who pretended a Revelation for it The Description of Duke Godfrey 's Engines The solemn Procession of the Besiegers about the City The second General Assault for three days together Two Magicians who were Conjuring upon the Walls have their Brains beaten out with a Stone from Duke Godfrey 's wooden Castle The Artifice of Godfrey to drive the Enemies from the Walls He is the first that by the Bridge of his Castle mounts the Walls Jerusalem taken The fearful Slaughter of the Saracens By Godfrey 's Example the whole Army return solemn Thanks to God at the Holy Sepulchre An Assembly of the Princes to chuse a King and a Patriarch The Speech of Robert Duke of Normandy upon this Subject Godfrey of Bullen chosen and proclaimed King of Jerusalem The memorable Battle of Ascalon against the Sultan of Egypt and the Victory of the Christians which concluded this first Crusade The Return of the Crusades The Conquests of Godfrey of Bullen and his Death An Abridgment of the History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem till the time of the second Crusade The Reign of Baldwin the First The flourishing Estate of the Christians in the East till his Death The Reign of Baldwin the Second The Relation of the founding the Military Orders of the Knights Hospitallers The Captivity of King Baldwin His Deliverance His Victories and Death He is succeeded by his Son-in-Law Fowk d' Anjou The Prosperity of his Reign His Death and the Regency of Queen Melesintha during the Minority of Baldwin the Third The Occasion of the second Expedition of the Crusades The Relation of the two Josselins de Courtenay Earls of Edessa The taking of that City by Sanguin Sultan of Alepo and afterwards by Noradin his Son The Character of that Prince and his Conquests over the Christians Applications made to Lewis the young King of France His Character and what moved him to undertake the Crusade He Consults Saint Bernard concerning it The Character of that Saint and the Order he received from Pope Eugenius the Third to Preach the Crusade The General Assemblies of Bourges Vezelay and Chartress for the Crusade It is Published by Saint Bernard in France and Germany The Emperor and King take up the Cross The Abbot Sugere declared Regent in France His Character and Advice concerning the Expedition The Voyage of the Emperor The Description of the Tempest which almost ruined his Army upon the Banks of the River Melas The Fleet of the Crusades take Lisbon from the Saracens The Original of the Kings of Portugal The Character and Perfidy of the Greek Emperor Manuel His underhand Treating with the Turks The miserable Overthrow of the Emperor's Army The Voyage of King Lewis to Constantinople and his Reception The Advice of the Bishop of Langress who Counsels the King to take Constantinople his Speech upon that Subject the reason that his Advice was not followed the Treacheries of Manuel thereupon The Kings Voyage into Asia His Interview with the Emperor Conrade and the Return of that Prince to Constantinople The Description of the River Meander and the famous Passage of the King of France with his Army over it year 1099 JErusalem which after that Herod the Great had beautified it with the most magnificent Structures and had repaired the Temple had been one of the Wonders of the World and one of the fairest Cities of all the East was nothing but a horrible Heap of Cinders and Ruines after its fatal Destruction till such time as the Emperor Adrian who was the last that ruined it caused it to be rebuilt in a manner far different from what it was before For in times-past there was comprised within the Circuit of its Walls four Mountains upon which it was successively Built The first called Salem otherwise Acra which was founded by Melchisedeck The second opposite to that towards the South and which was far higher was the Holy and Famous Mount Sion which David after he had taken the Fortress of the Jebusites joyned to the former by a Wall which invironed it on all parts to distinguish it from the other which in comparison of this new City was called the Lower City The third was the Mountain of Moriah between these towards the East where the Temple of Solomon stood And the fourth upon the North was the Hill Betheza where the same King built a new Town which was afterwards much inlarged by Hezekiah and took in all the Valley between the East and the North to the lower Town This Glorious City of God was afterwards destroyed by the Chaldeans and with the Temple restored to its first Estate in divers Ages by Zorobabel Nehemiah the Machabees and by Herod the Great and was at the last overthrown to the very Ground and laid in Heaps of Rubbish by the Emperor Titus Vespasian three only of the fairest Towers called the Hippico year 1099 Phasele and Mariamne which Herod had Builded escaping the general Desolation for Titus was willing to preserve them as also part of the North Wall of the higher Town to which they were joyned that they might remain as Monuments of the Greatness of his Victory when Posterity should by the Strength of those make a Judgment how Impregnable that City was which he had taken though defended by such mighty Walls and lofty Towers But the Jews Revolting in the time of the Emperor Adrian that Prince after he had made the most horrible Slaughter among the Rebels caused those three Towers and the Wall also to be demolished and razed to the very Foundation thus without designing it intirely accomplishing the dreadful Prediction of the Son of God That the day should come when there should not be one Stone left upon another in that miserable City After this that Emperor to immortalize his own Name in abolishing that of Jerusalem caused a new City to be there Built which according to his own Name was called Aelia giving it also a quite differing Form from the Ancient City whose Memory as well as Name he thought thereby for ever to extinguish For he left out of it the whole Mountain of Sion which had been the best and most Beautiful as well as strongest part of Jerusalem almost all that which had been called the New City and a great part of the Lower Town He made Mount Moriah be levelled and inclosed that and the little Remainder of the New and Low Town as also Mount Calvarie which was nothing but a little Corner of Mount Gihon which was out of the Ancient City towards the West So that this Aelia as it was not by one half so large as Jerusalem so it had quite a differing Figure For the Ancient Jerusalem in its Dimensions approached to a Square though not altogether Regular being something longer than it was broad for it was Extended from North to South a good League the Breadth from East to West being something
with Tears in their Eyes beating their Breasts with their Hands and with their Eyes lift up to Heaven cried out from all parts of the Assembly unanimously as it were by a common Consent It is the Will of God It is the Will of God The Pope who resolved to make Advantage of this generous Heat rising from his Throne and after a long time having obtained the Silence which by his Gesture he Commanded He protested That there could not be a more manifest Testimony of the Pleasure of Heaven than this Exclamation which proceeding from so many Mouths could not be supposed to speak the same Language without being animated by the Spirit of God That for his part he received it as an Oracle which promised all happy Success to this Holy War He also added That he thought it sit that a Word of so happy a Presage should be the Motto which should be wrought in the Colours and Standards of the Army and that it should be the Word the Souldiors and Captains should make use of in their Combats to animate each other to perform valiantly and to give thereby a Promise of assured Victory And in short that those who would follow Christ Jesus in taking up the Cross in this Holy Expedition and Inrol themselves in this devout Militia should wear a Red Cross upon their right Shoulder as a Mark of Distinction to shew that they had the Honor to serve under him who had overcome all Enemies by the Cross After this in the other Sessions several new Decrees were made in Favour of the Crusades and upon the whole matter of the Peace and Truce against those horrible Disorders which in this time had wasted the Church which indeed were so great that it is with great Injustice that some Persons do so violently prefer the past Ages before the present For so little regard had Men then to Laws and so Powerless was Justice that every particular Person took the Liberty to do what he pleased by force of Armes and to usurp that incommunicable Right of Soveraigns insomuch that most of the Realms of Europe were miserably Ruined by the particular Animosities of private Persons every one to revenge the Injuries which he believed he had received having an immediate recourse to right himself by Arms and to those extremities of Violence that they spared not with Fire and Sword to manifest their Resentments against the Houses Lands and Persons of their Enemies Now to apply some kind of Remedy to these horrible Mischiefs which it was impossible totally to repress in an instant the Bishops and Barons of France did first and after their Example those of other Realms made a Decree by which Churches the Clergy Monasteries and the Religious Orders Women Merchants Labourers and Mills were absolutely protected from these Violences and this was called the Peace And for other matters it was absolutely prohibited to commit any of these Disorders from Wednesday Eve till Monday Morning and this was out of the particular Respect which was thought due to those Days which Christ Jesus had Consecrated by the last Mysteries of his Life and this was called the Truce and the Violators of either of these Decrees were publickly pronounced Excommunicate and condemned either to Banishment or Death in proportion to the Quality of the Violences they were guilty of This Decree was afterward Confirmed by four Councils which made some further Addition in favour of the Peace and Truce as may be seen under those Titles in the Decretals so that if one did but religiously observe the Truce as to the Days enjoyned this brutish War amongst private Persons was so far Tolerated that it passed for Just and Legitimate provided any Person sent his Enemy a Challenge in a regular way and this continued in France for above two hundred Years till such time as after Lewis the Saint had to little Purpose attempted to remedy it Philip the Fourth put a Period to this Mischief by the Edict of Tholouse in the Year 1303. Now as these Disorders were at this time thus Tolerated in regard it was probable they would prove a mighty Hindrance to this Holy Voyage because Mens Estates during their Absence would be exposed to the Injuries of their Enemies therefore the Council in the first place Confirmed the Decree of the Peace and Truce with respect to all sorts of Persons and that by little and little these Abuses of the Wars between private Persons might be taken away which by reason of their long Continuance could not possibly be effected at once this Council prolonged the time of the Truce adding to those four days of the Week formerly decreed all the time of the Advent till the Octaves of Epiphany and between Septuagesima Sunday till the Octaves of Easter and from the Rogation Week till the Octaves of Whit-Sunday But for the Crusades they were under Protection during the whole time of their Service so that their Persons and Estates were priviledged till their return from the Holy Land The Pope also granted his Indulgences and the Remission of all those Penalties which had been incurred by the Breach of the Canons And in Conclusion he declared Aymar of Monteil Bishop of Pavia his Apostolick Legat during this Expedition This Aymar was a Prelate of extraordinary Prudence and a most heroick Courage and one who had rendered his Zeal most Conspicuous by being the first in full Council who had from the Pope beg'd Permission to take the Cross and devote himself to the Service of Christendome in this Voyage Vrban having exhorted all the Bishops personally to publish and in their Sermons to preach up the Crusade throughout their respective Diocesses terminated the Council the 29th day of November year 1095 having in twelve days happily accomplished the greatest Affair that was ever undertaken by any of the Popes his Predecessors and which in a very little time was followed by a Success which changed the Face of Affairs throughout the World whilest such prodigious numbers of People every where took up the Cross A Writer of that time who was at the Council and afterwards in the Holy Land assures us that having strictly observed the time and examined the matter he was informed from many Persons of different Places that the very same day wherein the Pope published the Crusade the News was known in the remotest places both of the East and West which made such a strange Impression upon Mens Spirits who either were or believed they were supernaturally pressed to engage themselves in this heroick Enterprise that when the Bishops came to preach up the Cross and to excite the People to take it up they found them so predisposed that an infinite number of Persons of all Ranks Qualities and Conditions throughout Europe but especially France immediately entred into it and such was the Fervour with which the Design was embraced that no sort of Considerations of worldly Honour Interest or Pleasure no Delicacy of Education nor Bonds of
they were accompanied with all the Vertues of a mighty Mind for it is most unexceptionably true that no Person ever better adjusted the Exercises of a military Imploy with those of an honest man and an admirable Christian He was kind affable respectful affectionate tender and a most excellent Friend he would caress the meanest Souldiers and comfort them in their Hardships with the care and kindness of a Father he was firm and immoveable in his Resolves and one who ever kept his Word Inviolable a great Lover of Justice never failing to render to every Person according to his Merits he was obliging liberal and magnificent in every thing except what related to his own Person which he neglected in such a manner as was well enough becoming the Person of a Souldier though a Prince and which rather shewed a generous disdain of Pride and Luxury than any Inclinations to what was mean or sordid He was most curiously diligent in matters of the greatest moment and especially how he might best please Almighty God to whom by a kind of Miracle in a man of the Sword he had the greatest and most constant care to unite himself by the Exercises of Devotion even amidst the greatest croud of his most Important Affairs and particularly by an Assiduity in his daily making most fervent Prayers to the Divine Omnipotence And his Piety was so far from diminishing his Native Vigor that it added new Forces to it and inlightned his understanding in such an extraordinary Measure as inabled him to act even beyond admiration both as a Captain and a Souldier Being such as I have endeavoured to represent him from the Discription of the Historians his Contemporaries or such as lived nearest to those times it will now be no matter of astonishment that the greatest Number of those who devoted themselves to this Holy War came to offer their Service to this gallant man or if at that instant he used a certain politick Dexterity whereupon the Success of the Enterprize seemed in so great a measure to depend For Peter the Hermit particularly having addressed himself to him this Prince immediately perceiving he should be clogged by having this multitude of unprofitable People upon his hands who blindly followed the Hermit he concluded that to prevent the disorders which they might occasion in his Army where they were more likely to destroy him by Famine than help him by the Sword he contrived to send those People before under the Conduct of their own Director who without scruple presently accepted of the Command and indeed he thought he should have a Sovereign Power over those Person who were used to render him such Extraordinary Honours even to down-right Superstition so prepossessed were they with the opinion of his Sanctity and as it were charmed with his very looks and enchanted with his words And certainly all his actions and the manner of his living were wonderful proper to draw the applause and admiration of the Populace who suffer themselves easily to be affected with outward appearances especially such as are odd and surprizing for his under Garment was of simple Woolen without any dye or colour with a great Hood the point whereof reached down to his very heels and over all a Hermits Mantle about his Neck which came to his knees he went barefooted his abstinence was extraordinary he never eat either Bread or Flesh but contented himself with Lentils Fish and a very little Wine with which he sustained himself in the greatest Fatigues he never kept any Money but disposed of those vast Summs which were bestowed upon him by distributing them among the poorer sort of the Crusades or employed them to maintain the Souldiers or such Persons as by his preaching were reclaimed from their vicious courses and to marry such young women as by reason of their Poverty had taken up the Infamous Trade of sinning He composed all differences with a marvellous Authority and made Peace where-ever he came and in short he did so many good things and gained so high a Reputation that several witnesses of admirable Credit who saw him preach the Crusade in France do aver that the people followed him as if he had been a man sent from Heaven and treated him with more Honour and Reverence than any of their Prelates and that never any man passed more generally for a Saint or for a Prophet that whatever he either said or did was received as an immediate Command from Heaven and that the Common People who canonized him for a Living Saint went so far as to get the very hairs of his Mule which they laid up as Reliques thus it is that after these feeble Spirits have according to their way made a Saint of a man upon whom they dote there is no sort of Illusion Caprice disorder or abuse which they will not mistake for a Divine Inspiration nor any thing tho never so fantastical or extravagant which they will not be ready to precipitate themselves into In reality I cannot think that Peter did in the least contribute to this Superstition of the blind and injudicious Populace but on the other hand I cannot believe that he was at all afflicted to see himself followed by such Multitudes of People which he thought were intirely at his Devotion and of whom he perswaded himself he should alwaies be able to retain the Command And that being a Gentleman who before his retirement had born Arms the desire of Glory and some little remainders of the Spirit of a Souldier which still dwelt about his heart might give him no sort of Repugnance to see himself at the head of a great Army and the Nature of the War which was to be undertaken might easily induce him to believe that he might lawfully undertake such a military Command without affronting his Orders of Priesthood or embracing the World which he had renounced But it was not long before he found by woful Experience that he who transgresseth the Bounds of his Profession does not prosper long for he must needs want the Blessing of God whose pleasure is that all persons should keep their Order and Station in the World and not dare to undertake the Charge or Function which belongs not to them All this time Duke Godfrey whose principal aim was to disincumber himself of this confused Rabble who from all parts were rolled together and which he was in no sort of Condition to accommodate with subsistence was not in the least averse to follow the inclinations of Peter and therefore he declared him Captain General of this first Army of the Crusades which was ordered to advance first towards Constantinople The Hermit who would needs imitate the Duke that he might avoid Confusion divided his Troops into two Bodies the first which was composed of about the third part of his foot he put under the Command of a French Gentleman one of his friends whose name was Gautier a very brave man and a good Captain but who had