forme three Boyes a sheep cowring on the ground and an head of Marcus Tullius Cicero very antient and above all the rest most worthy of observation Passe on along by the defaced Church of Saint Tomasso to the house and now the Church of Santi Giovanni and Paolo wherein they were secretly beheaded and buried by the commandement of the Emperor Julian the Apostate There too was the Palace and Court of Tullius Hostilius the third King of the Romans as also the dwelling of some Popes Descend from this place to the Piazza made by Cardinall Antonio Maria Salviati where you will see the Church of Saint Gregorio by him built in the place where his owne house stood and dedicated to Saint Andrea Then go up to Monte Palatino through a street which stands in the face of the Piazza and every where you will discern the ruins of the Imperiall Palace called Maggiore Upon the top of the Hill on the left hand is another Garden of the Mattei and on the right hand you will meet with the Hippodrome or Emperors Quierie or stable where saint Sebastian was shot to death neer to the which is the Church dedicated to the said saint lately restored from the very foundation and richly endowed by Prince Taddeo Barberino Prefect of Rome who had the patronage of it Under this Church is salt Peter digged and against it are the famous Farnesian Gardens at the gate whereof towards Campo Vaccino was Cesars house scituated Being come out of the Garden you will see the Church of santa Maria Liberatrice in the place where the Temple of Vesta stood as Andrea Fulvia writes which place is famous either for the Lake whereinto on that part Metius Curtius the Captain of the Sabines fell or for the gulph into which the Roman Curtius precipitated himselfe It was afterwards closed up upon the occasion which Cardinall Baronius recounts in the year 324. by saint Silvester the Pope who built upon it this Church before the which are three chamfred pillars seen with their Chapters and Corniches of admirable workmanship and it is thought that they belonged to the Portico of Jupiter staâ—or Following on your way by the side of this hill you will finde the round Church of san Teodoro called vulgarly san Toto in it was the ruminall figtree under which the two Royall Infants Romulus and Remus were suckled by a she-Wolfe and afterwards by Acca Laurentia the wife of Faustulus the shepheard here was also the Temple of Quirinus in which was the Altar of Laurentia where the Supercalian and Laurentian games were wont to be celebrated and were afterwards abolished by the Popes with dedicating the antient Temple to san Teodoro and introducing the use of carrying thither young Infants oppressed with hidden infirmities to the end they might be freed from them by the intercession of the said saint This Church had been reduced to manifest ruine had not the piety of Cardinall Barberino provided for it by covering the roofe all over anew restoring the walls and the Mosaique worke of the Chancell Before this Church there was a wood and a Fen or moorish ground occasioned by the waters falling downe from the neighbouring hills and setling in this low place which was by Tarquinius Superbus filled up with earth and the wood cut downe so that being made dry and firme ground it was by the conveyance of the Cloaca Massina converted into the Roman Forum From thence go to see the faire Church della Madona della Consolatione which was built upon occasion of the miracles which an Image painted by Master Antonazzo on the side of a wall next to the Capitoll began to worke on the six and twentieth of June 1470. and was consecrated on the third of November the same yeare as Stephano Infessura reports in his Diarie Next of all see the Hospitalls of diseased men and women together with a little Church called Madonna delle gratie wherein is an Image painted by Saint Luke Thus having seen enough for this day you shall doe well to returne home The sixth daiys walke From Saint Salvatore dell Lauro by Campo Vaccino and by le Carine IN the beginning of this daies walke visit the Church of Saint Salvatore del Lauro built by Latino Cardinall Orsini together with the other della Madona della Pace of the Lateranense regular Cannons and that of Santa Maria dell'Anima of the German nation against the which is another of Saint Nicola de Lorensi Enter into Piazza Navona antiently called the Agonall circque either because the Games of Janus Agonius were there in a green meadow celebrated by the commandment of Numa King of the Romans or because the Emperor Alexander did there make the cirque named Agonal Observe in that Piazza the Brothel-house Cell whereunto Saint Agnes was carryed for to be bereaved of her Virginitie but was in the same place delivered by an Angell and now it is converted into the Church of the Minorite Fryars another of St. Jacomo belonging to the Spaniards with their Hospitall the Palaces of the Family Cupis of Cardinall Pamfilio the present Pope of the Orsini of the family Torres and three fountaines built by Gregory the thirtenth Then the Colledge called Sapienza begun by Eugenius the fourth wherein is at this day a goodly Church built the designe of Signior Francesco Boromino the Palace of Cardinall Lanti the Piazza della Dogane the Monasterie of Santa Chiara the Palace of the Nari the Palace of the Vittorii and from thence turne on the left hand to the Palace of the Sannelii Proceed on to the Piazza and Church of St. Giovanni della Pigna to the Palace of the Duke Muti to the Palace of the Cardinall Altieri to the Piazza and Church of Jesus wherein admire the magnificence of the fabrick the sumptuousnesse of the Chappels the splendor of the sacred furniture and in the house the library with the Chappell of the holy founder whose body you may reverence in the Church Ascend to the Campidoglio observing in the midst of the Piazza the famous statua in mettle of Marcus Aurelius on Horseback the fountains statua's pillars of marble trophees and other antient monuments Go up into the Church of Araceli built in the place where the Temple of Jupiter Feretrius stood before the which is a pair of stairs of above an hundred Marble steps taken from the antient Temple of Quirinus Then passe on to the Senators Hall which serves him and other Magistrats for a Court of justice and therein you will see statuaes inscriptions and the prison of the Capitoll all built at first by Boniface the ninth on the ruins of antient edifices Enter into the Palace of the Conservators built with the design of Buonarota where in the Court yard porticoes stairs hall and lodgings you will see statua's Imagerie pictures and divers inscriptions Get up to Monte Caprino otherwise called the Tarpeian Rock and from thence in descending for to go to Campo
thereof goe attyred in purple and carry the title of his Holiness servants Of the Congregation concerning the Mint THere is the Congregation for the Mint in which all matters are handled that concerne the coyning of money and all other monies of other jurisdictions to the end they may be spent in the State of the Church In it are foure Cardinalls and foure Chamberlaines The head of it is a Cardinall in whose house the Congregation is alwaies held when there is occasion for it Of the Congregation for the examining of persons destined to Bishopricks THere is a Congregation for the examining of new Bishops which is held before his Holinesse and it consists of nine or ten Cardinalls some Prelates and others Fathers of certaine Orders of Religion wherein are examined all such persons as are to be promoted to Bishopricks for the Churches only of Italy The party that is to bee examined remaines alwaies kneeling on a cushion before the Pope and every one of the Congregation hath power to examine him after he is examined and approved of he is written down in a booke which the Secretary of the Congregation keepes A Bishop that is once examined if he changeth his Church goes not againe to examination one time onely sufficing for it But if a Bishop that was never examined bee promoted to another Church hee must goe to examination The Cardinalls alone are exempted from this examining And this Congregation was instituted by Pope Clement the eight who used to examine those persons himselfe which made profession of the Law but the professors of Divinity were examined by Cardinall Bellarmine Of the Congregation for Consistoriall Affaires THere is a Congregation concerning Consistoriall matters whereof the chiefe Cardinall Deacon pro tempore is the Head It is held very seldome because there are very few particularmatters to be handled in it but such as are his Holiness appoints a day for them and they use to be resignations of Bishopricks the interests of taxations of the Church of Consistoriall Abbeys and such like This Congregation is held in the house of the Cardinall Head In every one of the Congregations before named many Cardinalls doe assist and particularly in that of Bishops and Regulars are foure and twenty every Congregation hath its particular Secretary who drawes up the Letters according to the Decrees which are established in full Congregation and every Cardinall-Head subscribes the letters of his owne Congregation which are afterwards sealed by each Secretary with the Seale of that Cardinall who hath subscribed them and the Register of them remaines in the hands of each severall Secretary It is to be noted that whilst there is a Consistory no Congregation is ever held and if any one bee intimated and the Pope holds a Consistory they leave the Congregation and go to the Consistory which is alwaies held every week either on Munday Wednesday or Friday And that Congregation which was intituled before is usually held after dinner the same day for the Consistory is ever held betimes in the morning Of the three Archpriesthoods which are in the persons of Cardinalls THere are also in the persons of some Cardinalls three Archpriesthoods of the three chiefe Churches of Rome that is of Saint Peter in the Vatican and of Santa Maria Magiore All three are esteemed great dignities and every one of these Cardinalls deputes a Vicar for his Church and assignes them such emoluments for their persons as seem good to them which commonly is the profit of a commons place of that Church These three Archpriests have the power of conferring each of them in his Church all the Benefices Livings Chaplaineships and others that fall voyd therein The Archpriest of Saint John de Lateran administro Justice both in criminall and civill causes to all those persons which inhabit above that Church for a certaine extent according to the jurisdiction thereof and in the holy yeare every Archpriest goes pontifically to his Church accompanied with a great traine of horses to open the holy Gate and to that of Saint Paul the Cardinall Deacon goes And the very same order is kept in shuting the holy Gate but the holy Gate of Saint Peters is not opened nor shut by the Cardinall Archpriest for that function is performed by the Pope himselfe In which Church the Fathers of the Society of Jesus are Penitentiaries in that of Saint John de Lateran the Fathers of the order of Saint Francis are penitentiaries and in that of Santa Maria Magiore are the Fathers of the order of Saint Dominick Penitentiaries In each of these places is a Penitentiarie with good lodgings and commodious where the said Fathers Penitentiaries doe continually reside hearing confessions daily in their Churches and amongst them are divers Fathers which confesse in divers Languages yea even in the Orientall and one of them for each severall place is Rector of the Penitentiaries Of the Ruota AFter those Offices and Magistrates in the person of the Cardinalls followes the Ruota which hath twelve Prelates whereof there is a Germane a Frenchman two Spaniards and eight Italians that is a Bologresse a Ferraese a Venetian a Toscan a Milanese and three Romans Every Auditor hath foure Notaries and they assemble in the Apostolicall Palace twice a weeke unlesse it be Vacation time namely on Munday and Friday The jurisdiction of it is the beneficiall causes both of the Catholike Provinces as of those that are in Schisme and as well of Rome as of the State Ecclesiasticall most of all in tearmes of appeales This Court gives over sitting the first weeke of Iuly and the last Ruota his Holinesse makes the Auditors a great banquet in his owne Apostolicall Palace where he gives to every Auditor an hundred Duckets of the Chamber and to the Deacon two hundred and they eate in the very same roome where they assemble together when they hold the Ruota This goodly custome was instituted by Pope Clement the eight for that his Holiness had been Auditor of the Ruota being made so by Pope Pius Quintus of happy memory The first of October the Ruota opens and the first Ruota belonging to the two last Auditors who goe Pontifically on their Mules with a great traine of horse and alight at the place where the Ruota is held howbeit every Auditor rides alone by himselfe Now it is to be noted that in this riding of theirs the Prelate Auditor goes formest and all these who accompany him come behind for a difference between the ryding the Lords Cardinalls before whom their traine and attendants doe alwaies ride and their Eminencies follow after them The Office of every Auditor of the Ruota yeelds him a thousand crownes a yeare and in the first Ruota the lowest Auditor makes an Oration The Popes are wont to give unto those Auditors for a recompence of the great paines they take and because they are prohibited from receiving any fees for the sentences they pronounce good Ecclesiasticall revenews and
Prefect of the Prisons and holds supream authority whose care it is that the Prisoners be not oppressed He stays but only one yeare in the said office which the Clerks draw by lott amongst themselves In the visitation the needs of the poor Prisoners be handled and there is a course taken for their delivery as accordingly it followeth in a short time for the Popes will not endure that men for want of ability should dye in Prison The Prisoners throughout Rome are visited one by one every Thursday untill all of them are visited and then they begin to visit them over again as they did before upon Easter and Christmas Eve is the visitation called Gratious made wherein many graces of liberty are conferred on poor People imprisoned for small offences which they have purged with their imprisonment Of the Prefect of Flesh and White-meats THe price of Flesh and White-meats is set in the Chamber by one of the Clerks thereof who is drawn by lott from amongst them for that Office wherein he continues only one yeare with the title of the Prefect of Flesh and White-meats and hath the care of altering and moderating the prices thereof according to the need and service of the Citty Of the Judge of Confidences THere is a Judge of Confidence an Office that is bought for three or four thousand Crowns and that money yeelds between seven and eight in the hundred He that hath this Office goes in the purple habit of a Prelate wears a Rochet and hath place in his Holinesse Chappell under the participant Pronotaries His care is to decide whether there be any simony or confidence in the resignation of Benefices or permutation in causes beneficiall Of the Auditor of contradictions THere is also an Auditor of Contradictions an Office very antient and they pay three thousand Crownes of Gold for it which in regard of the great exemptions it hath yeelds but little profit howsoever he that exerciseth it goes in the purple habit of a Prelate weares a Rochet and in his Holinesse Chappell hath a place amongst the Prelates aforesaid His Office is to set his hand to all the Bulls wherein the clause Vocatis is that is to say in all the Bulls of Si in evidentem and such like things Of the Corrector of the Contradictions THere is moreover the Corrector of the Contradictions who is as it were the said Auditors substitute This place is worth twelve thousand Crownes and yeelds twelve hundred Crowns a year he also that possesseth it goes in the purple habit of a Prelate weares a Rochet and hath a place in the Chappel His Office is to correct the Bulls which passe through the hands of the Auditor aforesaid Of the Apostolicall Subdeacons THe Participant Subdeacons are in number five Their Office is for one of them to carry the Papall Crosse before the Pope whensoever he goes forth in publique about Divine or humane affairs either on Horse-back or on foot as the occasion requires When the Pope repaires to the Chamber of Ornaments to put on his sacred vestures two of them are there ready to help the Deacons Cardinalls in attyring him with them which being done one of them takes up and carries the Crosse before him Between the Crosse and the Pope none are to go but only the Cardinalls and such as do sit on their seat The Master doore-keepers do alwaies associate the Crosse the one on the one side and the other on the other with their silver verges When the Pope either after the Sermon or at the end of Masse is to give his solemn Benediiction the Sub-deacon takes up the Crosse and placeth himselfe just before the Pope turning the Crucifix towards him for it is to be noted that whensoever the Crosse is carried before the Pope the Sub deacon ever turnes the Crucifix backward upon him and when he is not present he turnes the Crucifix forward Of the severall services which the Sub-deacons performe in divers acts unto the Pope and their administration about the Pall is sufficiently spoken of in other places these are all the offices of the Court that are of most eminency Of the Solemne Benediction which the Popes use to give three times in the yeare THe Popes by an ancient institution use to blesse the people solemnly thrice a yeare that is on Maundy Thurseday Easter day and Ascension day Anciently they were wont to fulminate excommunicants every time before they gave their benediction but now that is onely done upon Maundy Thursday The places wherein they accustomed to celebrate them were formerly foure the Church Porches of Saint John de Lateran of Saint Peter of the Vatican of Saint Peter in Vincola and of Saint Mark But now they are five Pope Vrban the eight having added to those aforesaid the Porch of the Squirinall Palace where first of all he gave the Benediction on Ascension day 1639. Of the Benediction of the Agnus Dei by the Pope EVery Pope in the first yeare of his Papacie useth to celebrate the Benediction of the Agnus Dei and every seven years renews it in the manner following The chief of the Vestry being a Bishop or els the Master of the Popes Houshold on Easter day blesseth the Water and the next day his Holinesse after he hath privately celebrated Masse with some Cardinalls goes into the Chamber of Benediction where first of all he consecrateth the Water which was blessed as aforesaid by powring Balsamum into it out of a viall in the forme of a Crosse saying Vouchsafe O Lord to consecrate and sanctifie this water by this oyle of Balsamum and our Benediction in the name of the Father of the Sonne and of the Holy Ghost Amen Then powring out of another Viall into the said Water Holy Chrisme in the forme likewise of a Cross he saith againe Vouchsafe O Lord to Consecrate and Sanctifie this VVater by this Vnction of Holy Chrisme and our Benediction in the name of the Father of the Sonne and of the Holy Ghost Amen That done he blesseth the Agnus Dei as they lye accommodated in casses before him and maketh this prayer over them O Almighty Lord of Lords whose goodnesse is Everlasting and without end we most humbly beseech thee that as thou didst command thy servant Moses to offer up immaculate Lambs in sacrifice unto thee so thou wilt vouchsafe to blesse and sanctifie these waxen figures of innocent Lambs in such sort that whosoever shall be are them about them may be safe and preserved from all the assaults of the world the flesh and the Divell from Pestilence Famine and sudden death from all perills of Land and Sea from Lightnings and Tempests and from abortive births and misacrrying in Child-bearing through the intercession of thy only begotten Sonne Jesus Christ our Lord. After this sitting downe with the Cardinalls close by the consecrated water he takes the Agnus Dei which are presented to him in silver Basons and dips them one by one in the said
to what end they are there met and declares with what diligence and faithfulnesse the inquisition of this matter hath been made how full and legall the attestation thereof hath been and with what instance Princes and people have sued unto him about it wherefore he requires them that in discharge of theri consciences they would each of them in particular deliver their opinion freely and sincerely and when they have done so he gives them thanks for their good counsel exhorting them to pray unto God that he will not suffer them to erre in so weighty a businesse and so they all goe away The day of Canonization being determined there is in the meane time a wooden Scaffold erected in Saint Peters Church of that bignesse as upon it may be fitted a Chappell with an Altar a Pontificall Throne seats for the Cardinalls assisting the Pope for Ambassadors for a quire of singing men and places for all the orders of the Roman Court like unto the Chappell of the Apostolicall Palace with Lattice windows and of that capacitie and with such manner of seats there is also a faire paire of Stairs made to ascend unto that Scaffold which on the outside is strewed all over with herbs and flowers and on the inside is hung with goodly peeces of Tapestry the Church too is very richly adorned and the Armes of the Pope and of the Church as also the image of him that is to be Canonized hanged round about it The day of Canonization being come the Pope in all his Pontificalibus and with his triple Crowne on his head goes under a Canopy of State borne over him in Procession with all the Cardinalls Prelats and Officers each of them with a new wax light burning in his hand unto the said Church of Saint Peter where being arrived his Holiness ascends the said Scaffold and sitting downe in the throne prepared for him all the Cardinalls come and doe him obeisance After that he repaires unto the Altar and places himselfe in another seate made ready for him where he makes a speech relating summarily and in generall termes all that hath beene done in the businesse as also the life and miracles of the person aforesaid exhorting them all to joyne with him in prayer unto God that he would not permitt his Church to erre in this affaire That done the Proctor of the cause humbly beseecheth the Pope in the name of the Princes or people which are suitors to him for it that he will pronounce and declare N. to be a Saint and that hee will cause him to be inrolled in the catalogue of Saints and as a Saint to be honored of all faithfull Christians Whereupon the Pope with a loud voyce saith thus To the honour of the invisible Trinity for exaltation of the Catholique faith and augmentation of the Christian Religion We by the authority of the said God Almighty the Father Sonne and Holy Ghost and the blessed Apostles Peter and Paul doe by the advice of our Brethren Decree and declare N. of blessed memory to be a Saint and to bee inrolled in the Catalogue of Saints Ordaining that his feast shall by the Church Universall be on such a day every yeare devoutly and solemnly celebrated And do moreover by the same Authority grant unto all that being truly penitent and confest shall with devotion visit the shrine of the said Saint N. pardon of their sinnes for an hundred and forty dayes Now some Popes doe grant plenary Indulgence to such visitants as we reade Boniface the ninth did when he Canonized Brigid for a Saint The Pope having finished in the manner aforesaid Te Deum laudamus is sung by the Gentlemen of the Chappell at the end whereof the Deacon saith Pray for us blessed Saint N. whereunto the Pope addeth He are us O Lord for the prayers and merits sake of holy Saint N. After this his Holinesse sings the Masse of the day with the commemoration of the said Saint and whilst the Creede is sung three Cardinalls offer unto the said Saint in the Offertory three white waxe lights three turtle doves also white and other birds Masse being done the Pope departs away accompanied with the Cardinalls as he useth to be Of the Popes washing of poore mens feet UPon Munday Thursday after the solemne Benediction the Cardinalls accompany his Holinesse who is carried in his chaire by his Palfreymen unto the Ducall Hall where being arrived he puts off his Papall ornaments and by the Deacon Cardinall assisting him being adorned with a purple stole a red pluniate and a Pluniate is a black long coate plaine Miter he sitts downe in the Pontificall seate prepared for him Then putting incense into the Censer he blesseth the Deacon Cardinal who is to reade the Gospel That done he kisseth the Text which is held forth unto him by the Apostolicall Subdeacon and so being Censed by the said Cardinall Deacon the Anthem of Mandatum novum beginning to be sung by the Singing men he layes by his pluniate and an aprone before him in which habit he washeth the feet of twelve poore men unto each of whom he causeth to be given by the Treasurer Generall successively certaine Medalls of gold and siluer and by the Master of the Houshold the Towell wherewith their feet were wiped That done the Pope returnes unto his seate after he hath put off his aprone washed and dryed his hands the bason of water being held unto him by the greatest secular Noble man or Prince there present and his hands wiped by the chiefe Priest-Cardinal Then putting his red pluniate on againe and laying downe his Myter he sayes the Pater Noster together with the verses and prayer them After this he placeth himselfe anew in his seate puts on his Miter goes on foot to the Chamber of dressing and so returnes to his lodging Of the Cardinalls and their Originall THis word Cardinall signifies no other then Presbyter principalis nam altissimae Caeli portae vocantur cardines ventique inde venientes appellantur cardinales In Parochia in qua erant plures Clerici qui caeteris praeerant in ea parochia qui suberat Episcopo appellabater Presbyter Cardinalis ista convertebantur habebat curam annimarum et erat Presbyter Cardinalis This word as it is likely was found out in the time of Pope Higinius an hundred and fifty yeares after Christ whereas many Priests were placed in Parishes and degrees of them setled whereupon the Office being found it was probable the name was then also found The first mention of the word Cardinall was in the time of Saint Silvester three hundred yeres after Jesus Christ our Lord appeared by the Synod held in Rome under Saint Silvester This word Cardinal is at this day common to three degrees to Priests Deacons and Bishops At the first as we see before it was given to Priests only whose Office it was then in particular to have a care of the buriall of the Faithfull whereunto
within the space of sixe moneths The care of making and keeping the Palls appertaines to the Apostolicall Subdeacons who make them of pure and white wooll in this manner The Nunnes of Saint Annes Monastery do offer every yeare two white Lambes on the Altar of that Church in the Festivall day of Saint Anne whilst the Agnus Dei is singing in solemne Masse Now those two lambes are delivered to the Canons of the Lateranens Churches and are afterwards consigned by them to the Apostolicall Subdeacons who put them to feede in certaine pastures untill the time of shearing them be come then they sheare off their wooll and mixing it with other like pure and white wooll they spin it into yarne wherewith the Palls are woven three fingers broad into an orbicular form so as it may compasse the Archbishops shoulders The Pall hath a kind of labell hanging down before to the brest and two more behind on each shoulder one hanging downe to the reines an hands breadth and an halfe long upon the end whereof are thin leaden plates of the same breadth round at the bottom which are covered over with black taffeta that is sowed downe upon the said pendant labells before and behind The Palls being made after this sort by the Subdeacons they are carried to the Cathedrall Church of the Prince of the Apostles and by the Canons thereof are laid upon the bodies of the Apostles Peter and Paul under the high Altar where being watched one night according to the wonted custome they are taken from thence and restored againe to the Subdeacons who carefully keep them in a convenient and decent place The use of the Pall so far as we can finde is very ancient and had its originall from Pope Linus the immediate Successor of the Apostle Peter for so we reade written by Bishop Maximus in an Homilie of the Sacerdotall vesture who there saith our Patriarkes doe hold that our Ephod namely the Pall was instituted by Linus the second Roman Bishop after Peter and given by God to our Prelates for a singular and speciall priviledge of power And Eusebius Caesariensis in a sermon of the Epiphany writeth thus Nothing is more ancient then that Sacerdotall vesture of our Prelates which succeeded to that made of the silke and gold in the old Testament wherewith Linus first of all was adorned in signe of plenary power and whereunto as we have received from ancient writers he gave the types and name calling it a Pall. When as any Prelate wants the Pall it is first demanded by some one of the Consistoriall Advocates whom to that end he hath especially constituted for his Proctor of the Pope in the secret Consistorie with much instance The Pope having commanded the Advocate forth requireth the opinion of the Fathers whether the Pall shall be given accordingly or no Then he committs to the chiefe Deacon-Cardinall the consigning of the Pall to the said Prelate or his Proctor whereupon the said Cardinall appoints the place and day where and when the Pall shall be consigned which for the most part is in the Chappell of the said Cardinalls house but sometimes in Saint Peters Church at the high Altar The day being appointed the Prelate comes to the place ordained where are present the Deacon Cardinall and the Apostolicall Subdeacon with the Pall which he spreads over the midst of the Altar Then the Prelate kneeling on the stepps of the Altar before the said Deacon Cardinall prayeth the Pall may be given unto him in these words I. N. Elect of the Church of N. do most instantly desire that the Pall taken from the body of blessed Peter wherein is the plenitude of the Pontificall Office may be consigned unto me Vpon this the said Deacon Cardinall taking the Pall from off the Altar puts it upon the shoulders of the Prelate kneeling still on his knees saying To the honour of Almighty God of the blessed Virgin Mary and of the blessed Apostles Peter and Paul and also of our holy Father the Pope and of the holy Church we give thee this Pall taken from the body of blessed Peter wherin is the plenitude of the Pontificall Office together with the title of Archbishop that thou maist use it on certaine dayes which are expressed in the priviledges granted by the Sea Apostolicall in the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Amen This said he is admitted by the said Deacon Cardinall ad osculum pacis then the Master of the ceremonies takes the Pall from off his shoulders and having before witnesses made an act of that which hath past he folds up the Pall and carries it to the said Prelate or reserves it in some sacred place untill the Prelate goes away and then gives him the Pall together with the publick instrument drawne thereupon They who are to receive the Pall after it is demanded and granted to him in the Consistory do usually compound with the sub-Deacons who as we have said do keep the Palls and do receive from the Prelats sometimes more sometimes lesse in the hundred according to the valew and taxation of the Church The Masters of the Ceremonies too in regard of their Office and the drawing up of the instrument have certain fees according to the proportion of the valew and taxation of the Churches but not so much as the sub-Deacons Of the publick consistory FOrasmuch as we have mentioned the publick Consistory and may do so again hereafter we have thought meet to explain the order and manner of the same In the Apostolicall Palace there are two Pontificall Halls which are contained in the Conclave the greatest of them is used to be furnished and made ready for the publick Consistory when as either Kings or their Ambassadors are to be received and the Canonization of a Saint is to be celebrated In the other hall are the Ambassadors of Princes common-wealths when they come to yield obedience to the Pope received as also the Apostolicall Legats returning from their Legations and new Cardinalls coming to the Roman Court In it too are the new Cardinals published and all causes handled which require a publick Consistory At the upper end of the Hall is a Pontificall Throne erected with an ascent of three ample steps unto it the forme of the Throne is almost foure-square and about twelve hand-breadths broad in the midst whereof is a seat joyning to the Wall with a great and little foot-stoole all the floor of the Throne is covered with Scarlet cloth and so is the great footstool but the Wall is adorned with cloth of Gold and likwise the seat over which hangs a cloth of State of the same stuffe on the right hand within the Throne are the seats of the Bishops and Priests Cardinalls two hands breadth from the Wall having a back to lean against as high as their shoulders and a step seven or eight fingers high to set their feet upon unto which is adjoyning another seat that stands
the first gate of the Palace is committed to some great Prelate or Nobleman who with two or three hundred souldiers is to guard the Palace and the Fathers night and day The second guard is within the first gate as one goes up unto the Conclave and is under the charge of the Conservators and Caporioni of the Citty of Rome The third guard is a little higher at the second gate and is intrusted to a select number of noble personages The fourth and last guard is at the immediat entrance into the Conclave and is in the hands of seven or eight of the worthiest Bishops of the Roman Court The guard of the first gate of the Palace is setled assoon as the Pope is dead but so are not the others untill the Cardinalls enter into the Conclave The gate and wicket at the entrance into the first Hall is as I have said before made fast with four locks one to the outside of the gate and one on the outside of the wicket also one on the inside of the gate and one on the inside of the wicket the two keys of the locks on the outside of the gate and wicket are kept by the guard of that place the other two keys of the locks on the inside of the gate and wicket are in the custody of the Masters of the Ceremonies so that neither the Gate nor the wicket can be opened without the consent both of them that are within and without Of the vacant Sea of Rome and the manner of the Election of the now Pope Innocent the tenth HAving treated of all the things which are done in Rome it seemes convenient unto me that I should say somewhat of the vacant Sea of Rome and all that past during the vacancie of the said Sea by the death of the late Pope Vrban the eight Ceremonies performed in St. Peters upon the entring into the Conclave THe Lords Cardinalls having finished the nine daies solemnitie of the funerall pompe celebrated for the late Pope Vrban the eight who after he had raigned in Peters Throne twenty years eleven months and twenty three daies passed from this transitory to Eternall life the Masse of the Holy Ghost was by Cardinall Lanti Dean of the sacred Colledge sung in Saint Peters Church and an elegant oration de eligendo Pontificem recited by the Lord Jacomo Accaressio after which Domenico Belli Master of the Ceremonies taking up the Papall Crosse marched on with the Gentlemen of the Chappell before him singing the hymne Veni creator Spiritus c. and these ensuing eminent Cardinalls following after him processionally Lanti the Dean a Roman Crescentio a Roman Cennino a Senese Bentivoglia a Ferrarese Capponi a Florentine Roma a Milanesse Cneva a Spaniard St. Onofrio a Florentine Arach a German Spada of Brisighella Cornaro a Venetian Sachetti a Florentine Santa Cecilia a Genovess Pamphilio a Roman Abernotio a Spaniard Lione a Frenchman Rocci a Roman Pallota of Calderola Monti a Milanesse Brancaccio a Neopolitan Bichi a Senesse Carpegna of Vrbin Franciotti a Luchese Durrazzo a Genovese Machiavelli a Florentine Filomarino a Neopolitan Bragandino a Venetian Cesis a Roman Verospie a Roman Maculano of Fiorenzola Mont ' Alto a Roman Poly of Cassia Falcomeri a Florentine Mattei a Roman Fachenetti a Bolognesse Grimaldi a Genovesse Rossetti a Ferraresse Altieri a Roman Theodoli a Roman Rapaccioli a Roman Ceva a Piemontese Giorio of Camerino Lugo a Spaniard Medici a Florentine Francesco Barberino a Florentine Ginetti of Velletri Antonio Barberino a Roman Colona a Roman Trivultio a Milanese Gabrielli a Roman Este a Modenese Costaguti a Genovese Rondanino a Roman Valenze a Frenchman Ceremonies performed in the Conclave ALl those before mentioned being entered into the Conclave went directly into Pope Sixtus the fourth his Chappel where the Cardinall Dean made certain prayers after which every Cardinall repaired to his owne seat and there sat him downe whereupon every one being shut out of the Chappell and no others besides the Cardinals remaining there but Signior Gioseppe Frenfanelli Secretary of the sacred Colledge and the five Masters of the Ceremonies the Bulls appertaining to the creation of the new Pope were read and allowed by the said Secretary and by Domenico Belli and Francesco Maria Febei two of the Masters of the Ceremonies they being so read the Cardinals one after another swore the observation of them afterwards retiring to their severall Cells and having made an end of eating they repaired again to the said Chappell where the Prince Savelli perpetuall Marshall of the Holy Church and door-keeper of the Conclave together with the Lord Bonvisio Clerke of the Chamber the Governor of Borgo and many other Prelats which were all deputed for the custody of the passages took their oath before the Cardinal Dean That done all the Cardinals returned back to their Cells to give audience to the Lords Ambassadors and the titular personages of the Court untill three houres within night at which time upon the ringing of a Bell by one of the Masters of the Ceremonies they fell to immuring and doing all that was needfull for the shutting up of the Conclave which being finished the Cardinall Dean and Cardinall Chamberlain went over all the Conclave to see that it was throughly walled and well closed up every where and thereof the Master of the Ceremonies made a publick instrument after that every one of the Cardinalls retired to his Cell none remaining within the Conclave besides themselves and their Conclavists* whereof each of them had no more then two only the aged and infirme had out of grace three granted to them saving the Lord Vestry-keeper with his adjutant five Masters of the Ceremonies with their Servants the secretary with an adjutant Father Valentino Mangioni a Jesuit the Confessor two Physicians a Chirurgeon an Apothecary with two adjutants two Master workmen the one a Mason the other a Carpenter and sixteen Laborers all which were elected by secret votes inclusive in the Congregations which were held in Saint Peters Vestry every morning before their entring into the Conclave after the saying of the Masse of Requiem In the said Congregations also besides the election of the aforesaid Ministers of the Sacred Colledge there were orders given necessarie for the good government of Rome and all the Estate Ecclesiasticall as likewise audience given to all Ambassadors to the Prince Prefect to the Governour of Rome to the Governor of Borgo to the Governor of the Conclave to the Conservators of Rome and to others A Description of what was without the Conclave FIrst of all in all the passages there were good Guards placed by the Prince Savelli as keeper of the Conclave and perpetuall Marshall of the Holy Church which Guards never stirred from thence night nor day untill the creation of the new High Bishop On Saint Peters Piatza were also foure Courts of Guard of Levaes Souldiers sett there by the Lord Don Taddeo Barberino as Generall of the
a Tabernacle supported by four great wreathed Pillars of mettall richly gilded by the late Pope Vrban the eight and inriched in the four inches of the plaisters of the roof with the four Collossian statues of the Veronica of Saint Andrew of Saint Longino and of St. Elena made by the most famous men of that profession And in summe consider the immensitie of the whole Church in the scite whereof were in times past two antient Temples of Apollo and Mars two fals Gods of the Gentiles Omit not going into the Vestry and into the Grott beautified with many curiosities and suptuously adorned use means to get up into the steeple and there admire the beauty and vastnesse of the frontispice vaulted roofe and great Lanthorne of the Church and enter if commodiously you can into the boule which is on the top of it with a companion and your owne wonder Being come downe go directly through the porch to see the Pontificall Palace diligently observing the excellencie of the staires Courts porches and their pictures Enter also into the new palace built by Sixtus Quintus that you may enjoy the goodly object of the Clementine Hall which Clement th' eight caused to be adorned with fine marbles curiously painted from the Cornish downeward by Cherubina Alberti from the Cornish upward by Balddassarino of Bologna and the brother of Alberti and lastly the magnificence of all the Pontificall Lodgings likewise the old Lodgeings rarely painted by Rafaele dVrbino Guilio Romano and other renowned painters the Royall and Ducall Halls with their pictures the Chappell of Sixtus Quintus painted by Buonaroti the new lodgings over the tarrace made by Urban the eight with the rare picturs thereof the two Galleries namely that in the Lodg the other over the Librarie whose pictures the said Pope Vrban caused to be refreshed the Vrban Army the Vatican Library restored and increased by the said Pope Vrban and the Vestry and Wardrobe Descend then to see at the end of the Tarrace in a Court which some call Pius Quartus his garden the famous Statues of Laocoon Hercules Antinonus and two of Venus with those of the renounced Rivers of Nilus and Tiber found in former times in Constantines Baths at Monte Cavello Goe afterwards into the great Garden most delectable and goodly to behold for the sumptuousness of the fountaines bascage walkes and all kinds of curious flowers and a world of simples Having left the Garden passe into the great Court of Belnedere and through it goe to the Guard of Switzers then towards Campo Santo you shall see the guard of high horse the Palace and Prisons of the holy Office for the most part built by the said Urban the eight Neere unto it is the Palace and Garden of the Cesi adorned with Statues and ancient inscriptions From thence where was the street of the Lombardi who dwelt there in the time of Charles the Great you shall walke along by the Palace of the Marquis Vincenzo de Nobili to the Church of St. Michael the Archangell and to the Hospitall of St. Spirito called Sasia from the Sapons who for a time inhabited in that place there observe the Church the Palace the Speciaria and Hospitall for infirme and hurt persons the receptacle of Nurses and infants and of a world of young children exposed to the wide world all maintained with unexpressible charge and charity And thus much shall suffice to have seene in the first dayes walke The second dayes walke By il Frestavere REturne by il Ponte Saint Angelo to see the goodly Church of St. Onifrio Then in Longara directly from the Gate of Sancto Spirito to the Settimiano of Julius the second you shall see the Palace of the Duke Salviati the Church and Hospitall of the Ereniti Camoldolici Monks the Church and Monastery which the Princesses Donna Colonna Barberini lately founded the Church and Monastery of St. Jacomo built from the ground by Cardinall Barberino and against it is another of the Penitents A little beyond on the left hand is the Palace caled de Ghisirith lodgings painted in fresco by Raphaele d'Vrbino and on the left hand is a Palace of the Riarii Within a while you will goe out of the Longa through the Gate called Settimiania and vulgarly Settignana from Septimius Severus the Emperour who built his Baths with an Altar to Janus named Settinniano the title thereof indured over the gate untill the time of Pope Alexander the eight who took it away It was called according to some Porta Fontinale because in the Temple thereunto adjoyning was the feast of the Fountains celebrated Crowning the Wells with flowers and casting Garlands into the Fountains although others beleeve that the like feast was kept neer to Saint Sebastino's Gate Being out of this gate you shall go up on the right hand to see the fountain of the Alsetina water built of Marble stones drawn out of the Emperor Neroa's Forum by Pope Paul the fifths order who caused the water to be conducted for the space of five and thirty miles from the lake of Bracciano This water was called Augusta from Augustus who as some will have it conducted it thither from the Lake Alsietino but if it be true as Marliano and others write that this water was the conveyance of Pope Adrian the first it must then be said to be the water Sabbatina from the Lake of Anguillara Then enter into the Convent of Franciscan Fryars di S. Pietro Montorio wherein there is a notable Chappell of Bramantes designe in the place where Saint Peter was crucified and enjoy the sight of the pictures and Statues which richly adorne the neighbouring Church amongst the which is worthy of perpetuall memory that famous piece of the transfiguration of our Saviour done by Rafael de Urbino Upon this hill was Statius the Poet buried and under it Numa Pompilius the second King of the Romans whose body with some of his bookes was found there five hundred and five and thirty years after as Plinie writes lib. 13. cap. 13. From thence go down to see the Church della Madona della Scala of the Reformati Carmelitani then passe on to the Church and Monasterie of the Nunnes di Santa Maria del Carmine for the conducting of you to the next most antient and beautifull Church of Santa Maria in Frastevere built over the Lodgings of the souldiers of the Army which Augustus kept in the port of Ravenna called Taberna Meritoria where in the time of Augustus and at the birth of our saviour Jesus Christ a fountain of Oile sprung up which continued running for a whole day together Being come out of Saint Maries you will find on the right hand the summer Palace of the Benedictine Monks of Santa Giustina who have in their charge the Cathedrall Church of Saint Paul without Rome and turning on the right hand you shall see the Church of Saint Calisto the Pope wherein is the Well into which he was thrown
by the Gentiles Somewhat further on the left hand is the Church and Monastery of the Nunnes of Saint Cosmato built in the place where Cesars * Naumachia a place where Navall fights were represented by the Romans Naumachia was towards Porta Portesse you will find the field wherein the Jews are buried but leaving it on the left hand you will come to the devout Church and Convent delli Reformati di S. Francesco then to Ripa grande and from that to the goodly Church and Hospitall di S. Maria dell Horto scituated in the Mutian Meadows which were given by the publick to Scerola in reward of his valour At your going thence take your way towards Saint Giovanni de Genovesse which is annexed to their Hospitall and from that through the postern gate enter into the most devout and lovely Church di Santa Cecilia built where her house stood and where in the Bath neer to the Vestry she suffered Martyrdome Then set your selfe to retiring home and that you may enjoy that which remains worthy of regard in this part of Frastevere go to see the ruins of Ponte rotto from whence look on your right hand to behold on the other shoare the antient mouth of * Cloacca Massina standing betwixt the round Temple and the Garden of the Cenci From thence enter into the high street and addresse your selfe to Saint Salvatore della Corte where in the time of the Gentiles was a Court of Justice and it may be that which some Antiquaries call the tribunall of Aurelius Then to Saint Grisogono a Temple worthy of admiration observing neer unto it the Church of Saint Agato which was the Paternall house of Pope Gregory the second governed by the Fathers of the Christian Doctrine afterthat the Monasterie of the Nunnes of Saint Ruffin and those of Saint Margarita and of Saint Apollonia Last of all go to see the Farnasses Garden hard by Ponte Sisto by which you make your return to your Lodging The third daies walke From Strada Giulia to l'Isola di St. Bartolemeo In going from home direct your course to the Church of Saint Giovanni de Fiorentini and when you have seen it passe on through the Guilian street and observe the Palace of Giovanni Riccio Cardinall of Montuplicano now in the possession of Acquavini The Church of Saint Biagio della Pagnotta The Church of Saint Maria dell Suffragio The Church of Santi Faustino and Giovita de Bresciani the modell of Buonatoti The Church of Saint Pilippo Neri The Church della Spirito Santo de Napolitatani heretofore called St. Aura The Church of St. Caterina de Senase and the other della Campagna della morte Enter into the Palace of the Farnese and endeavour to see that famous statue of Dirce tyed to a Bull with other statues inscriptions faire lodgings and a gallerie and two goodly fountains in the Piazza Then go through the street Giulia to see the Hospitall of old men and women founded by Sixtus then the Church and Hospitall of the healthy and the pilgrims of the most Holy Trinity in whose Oratory is preaching every Sabbath day to the people of the Jews Beyond that in the Palace of the Cardinall Spada see the Hall and Lodgings with most excellent pictures Imagerie works and a very delicate Garden Turne into the Piazza of the Farnesse and use means to get into the Palace of the Lords Pighim that you may see that famous statue of Adonis besides others that are there In this Piazza see the Church of Santa Brigida which was her house whilst she lived and wherein as it is said she made a very holy end Passe on to Saint Girolamo della Charita neer unto the which is the faire Church of St. Tomaso of the English Colledge a little further is the prison of Corte Savella the Church of St. Maria de Monteferrato the Parish Church of St. Giovanni in Aino the Palace of Cardinall Rocci then go to the Church of St. Lucia dell Gonfalone almost just against which is the parish Church of St. Stephano in Piscimula In the same street you will finde the Palace of the sometime Cardinall Roderico Borgia now inhabited by Cardinall Sachetti and under it is the residence of the Popes footmen Proceed on to the Church della purificatione della Madonna a little before the which is the parish Church the Churches of St. Celso and St. Giuliano Then take your way to Monte Giordano to see the Palace of the Duke di Bracciano from whence descend unto the Piazza de Regattieri enlarged by Pope Paul the third go to visite the sumptuous and devout Church of Santa Maria della Valicelta de Padri dell Oratorio with entring into the Vestry Oratorie and house rarely built with the designe of Signor Francesco Barromini and reverence the miraculous body of the glorious St. Filippo Neri as also the chamber wherein hee lived and dyed adorned with much splendor and religion From Porta grande passe into Strada nuov and at the going out of it observe on the right hand the modesty of the House of Dominico delle Rovere a Cardinall in the time of Sixtus Quartus on the which hee caused to be ingraven the two verses at this day thus read Stet domus haec donec fluctus formica marinos Ebibat totum testudo perambulet orbem This place is called Pozzo bianco On the left hand of the said Strada nuova is the house of the Lord Cerri then is there that of the Goldsmiths and of the Pilgrims which will lead you to Campo di Fiore this they say was so named of Flora a woman beloved of Pompey now it is a Piazza wherein Horses all kind of Corn and other commodities are sold and it is a place appointed for the cxecution of those offendors whom the holy office consignes over to the secular Court This Piazza was first of all paved by Lodovico Scarampo a Cardinall in Eugenius the fourths time and there he terminated the bowing part of Pompeys Theatre as doth appear by the bowing of the Orsinies Palace built on the ruins of it and some have written that in the age before ours certain remaines were to be seen of it Before this Theatre Pompey built a Palace called the Curia wherein Caius Caesar was killed Behind this Palace was a goodly * Atrium is a Porch Halb or great Court Atrium from which the vulgar corruptly surnamed the place Satrio The said Palace of the Orsini was built by Francesco Condolmerio a Venetian Cardinall Vice-Chancellor and adorned with pictures and statues by Cardinall Regino a Sicilian Go along by those that sell doublets breeches to the Palace of Don Taddeo Barlerino Prefect of Rome and nephew to the late Pope Vrban the eight There in the Piazza is il monte de Pieta reduced not long since into an Island for the better conservation of the Pawns and the Church di St. Martino beyond the which is the Palace
and Piazza of the Family Santa Croce then the Church di Saint Maria in Cacabarii the Church della Madonna del Pianto and the Jewes Piazza wherein observe an antiquity which Lucio Mauro writes was a ruined * Portico is any kind of Porch be fore a Cate or an open Gallery underset with Pillars Portico called by the vulgar Ceura built by the Emperor Severus but for the platforme which Serlio speaks of in his third book of his Architecture one may argue that all the precincts within the compasse of the houses of the Cantacroci of the Churches Cacabarii and dell Pianto are seated upon the ruins of Pompeys sumptuous Portico which others hold to be the house of Marias and it may be from thence the vulgar have corruptly called it Cacabarii instead of Casa Marii then is there the Church of Santa Maria neer unto the which are seen even untill this day great antient ruins Enter into the dwelling place of the Jews and come forth at Ponte quatro Capi by the which go to the Island called in times past villa de Languenti to reverence the Church and Body of St. Bartolomeo the Apostle built on the Temple of Esculapius where the diseased are cured and also the Church of Santo Giovanni Calibita governed by the Religious Brethren aell B. Giovanni di Dio. The fourth daies walke From Saint Lorenzo in Dumaso to Monte Aventino BEgin your walke from the Church of Santo Lorenso in Damaso therein view the pictures done by men of great esteem in their profession the Chancell richly adorned by Cardinall Francesco Barberino vice-Chancellor of the Sepulchers and other ornaments thereof There was the first confraternitie of the holy Sacrament da Teresia enriques instituted neer adjoyning was the Emperor Tiberius his arch See the Palace of the Cardinall vice-Chancellor begun by Cardinall Lodivico Mezzarota Padovano and finished by Rafael Cardinall Riario with materials taken from the Colossus and an arch of Gordians which stood a little distant from saint Vito Then through the Poulterers street go to saint Andrea della valle of the Padri Theatini and to saint Carlode Catinari of the Padri Barnabiti both of them worthy of great regard Pass through the street de Catinare and goe to Piazza Mattei observing in the same the fountaine with two Dolphins and Statues of mettle which the Roman people caused to bee made in the yeare 1585. by Taddeo Lantlini the Florentine at the charge of 1200. Crownes the palace delli Patritij sold to Costagui and from thence through a lane to the Church and Monastery of the Nunnes of St. Ambrogio della Massima and to the Pescaria or Fishmarket there you shall finde the most ancient Temple di Sant ' Angelo scituated in Circus Flaminius and it may be where the Temple of Bellona or of Mercury was and as others will have it where the Temple of Juno stood Being come out of Pescaria passe on to the Palace of the Savelli built on the ruines of the ancient Theater of Marcellus and then to the street behind the Church of St. Nicola in Carcere where the old Fish-market of the Romans was and by this way you will arrive at Ponte rotto There observe an Ancient Temple with chamfred Pillars dedicated Santa Maria Egittiaca was in times past the Temple of Chastity or according to some of Fortune A little beyond on the right hand is a round Temple with Chamfred pillars now the Church of Sancto Stephano long agoe painted as Fulvio writes by Pacuvius the Poet Nephew to Ennius and dedicated to Hercules or as others will have it to Juno Matuta Adjoyning to this is a most delicate Garden belonging to the Cenci and betweene it the said Church of St. Stephano doth the Cloaco Massima empty it selfe into the Tiber Over against the said Garden is the Collegiat Church of Sancta Maria in Cosmedin otherwise called Schola Graeca In this Parish were the Stewes in Clement the sevenths Papacy as Andrea Fulmo reports Continue your walke to the bank of Tiker where you will finde a * Salara wich is salt pits Salara in the very same place in which it was anciently Further forward at the foot of Monti Aventino under the Church of Santa Maria del Priorato de Molta you will see the marks of Cacus his Cave a shepheard famous for his robberies and stealing of Hercules his Oxen by whom he was in the same place killed with his Club for which worthy deed the Gentiles erected a Temple unto him by the name of Hercules the Conqueror By this Temple were the Gemonie stairs so called from the lamentation of the condemned to death who were thrown down headlong from off those staires some thinke that the said stairs were neer to the Campidoglio In this place were the Arches of Horatius Cocles erected to him in memory of that generous act of his in maintaining the Sublician Bridge against the Tuscans the marks whereof you will see at the right hand on the Tiber. In this place likewise was as some beleeve the antient Gate Trigemina before the walls of the City were enlarged by Claudius Frontino saying that Cacus dwelt at the salt pits where the Gate Trigemina stood Being gone from thence you will meet with a Bulwark on the left hand built by Paul the third and on the right hand a little further ill monte Testaccio made all of broken potts heaped up in this place by the Potters who wrought there hard by being forbidden to cast them into the River for fear of choaking it up In this place was a Portico called Emilio neer to the River in this part a faire was wont to be kept there also were the glass-makers In the wall of the City you will see Cajus Testius his great Piramide by the vulgar beleeved to be the sepulcher of Remus and on the forepart of it is this inscription C. CERTIVS L. F. POB EPVLO PR TR. PL. VII VIR EPVLONVM And close to it in lesser letters OPVS ABSOLVTVM EX TESTAMENTO DIEBVS CCCXXX ARBITRATV PONTI P. F. CLAMEL AE HAEREDIS ETPONTHI L. Goe not out of the Gate but keepe within the City close along by the wall and descending this way from Mount Aventine so called from Aventinus King of Alba therein buried it will leade you to Antoninus Caracallaes Baths called Antonianiane and by the vulgar Antignane for the service whereof one branch of the Appian water was conveied thither they are now under the custody of the Ministers of the Romans Seminary and by the judgement of Serlio it is a better fabrick then Dioclesians Baths Thereby is the most ancient Church of St. Balbina adjoyning unto the which was in old time the Temple of Silvanus By a little street behind the said Church you will goe to St. Saba where is the Sepulcher of Titus the Emperour which at this day is seene in the Porch thereof Then to Santa Prisca neere to the ancient Temple of Diana where as some
Antiquaries write were the Baths of Decius the Palace of Traian and the Varian Baths Following along by the said hill you will see the Church of Santa Sabina built as some will have it in the very place where the said Temple of Diana stood within the convent lived St. Dominick the founder of the Order of the Dominican Fryers and to it doth the Pope with the Colledge of Cardinalls ride in pompe on the first day of Lent Adjoining thereunto was the Temple of Juno Regina Then to Saint Alessio where was the Monastery of Saint Bonifacio which before was the Temple of Hercules neer unto the same was the Romans mustering place where either they set up and kept their Armes or trained their men Finally towards the Tiber go to Santa Maria Aventina dell Priorato di malta where they say was in times past the Temple of the good Goddesse unto whom none might sacrifice but women The fifth daies walk From La-Piazza di Pasquino by li Monti Celio et Palatino THe beginning of this daies walke shall be from la Piazza di Pasquino The Piazza is called so from an antient statua reputed excellent although through the injurie of time it is reduced to one only as it were deformed trunck the name thereof is thought to be feigned and to us is the similitude of it unknown It serves the officers of the Popes Court and holy places for the publishing of proclamations Bulls decrees indulgences and such like it is scituated at one corner of the Orsinies Palace From thence go to the Piazza of Saint Pantaleo where the Court of justice de Mattarazzari is kept and if you desire to see a worke of true Charitie enter into the Church and house de Cadri delle scuole pie and there admire the education of poor youth in learning and Christian manners Further forward you will see the Palace of the Massini of the Architecture of Baldassari da Siena and painted on the outside by Daniele da Volterra In this house which now belongs to Pietro and Francesco Massini was the marvellous art of printing first of all exercised by Conrad Suveinheym and Arnold Pannartz in the year 1455. during the Papacie of Nicholas the fifth Proceed on towards la Valle to see a collection of curious things in the Palace of Signior Pietro della valle called ill Pelegrino then to the Palaces of the Duke Cesarino of the Olgiati of Cardinall Ginnasio made a Monasterie of Nunnes and a Seminary of students to the Monastery of the Nunnes and young girles of Santa Saterina delli Funari built in the midst of the Flaminian cirque whereof the beginning was in Piazza Margana to the Palace de signior Mattei where the said cirque ended to the Piazza de Capisucchi with the fountain and Church of Santa Maria de Campitello and to the Palace of the Marquesse Paluzzi Albertoni On the left hand of that Piazza you will see an angell of the Monasterie di Torre de Sperchi founded by santa Francesca Romana Go then to Piazza Montanara where anciently herbs were sold and where the Gate Carmentali also was and there too from an Altar of Juno the president of Matrimony who therefore was called Juga begun the street Jugaria which by the foot of the Campipoglio lead to the Roman Forum In this very Piazza was antiently a pillar named Lattaria because as Festus writes Infants were brought thither to have suck given to them There on the right hand you will see a part of Marcellus his Theater upon which stands the dwelling of the Family Savella Beyond is the Church of Santo Nicola and St. Maria in Portico erected as the most part of Antiquaries beleev in Octavius Augustus his sisters sumptuous Portico In it is seen a pillar of transparent Alabaster and there do the Paari della Madre di Dio inhabit On the left hand is the Church of Santo Giovanni de collato neere into the which is the burying place of executed offenders and the Temple of Saint Eligio de Ferrari as also the Temple of Saint Giorgio which was in old time that of Scipio Africanus and before it runnes the little brook della Murana antiently called la valle Murtia or Mirtia of Venus so named of a Mirtle there dedicated unto her then passe along by Circo Massino where stood the Obelisck which Sixtus Quintus erected in the Piazza of Santo Giovanni Laterano with another likewise erected by him in the Piazza dell Popolo Between this Cirque and Monte Palatino you will see the ruins of an Emperiall Palace and where you are turning to Saint Gregorio was the ancient gate of Romulus called Romanula Leaving Saint Gregorio on the left hand go to the Church of the S S. Nereo and Achilleo built according to some in the place of or neer the Temple of Isis Then to Saint Sisto scituated in the fish pond which was a Bath wherein the people used to wash themselves and from that fish-pond did the adjoyning parts take their name A little beyond is St. Cesario from whence go on to Porta Latina in which is the place where Saint John the Evangelist was put into a Cauldron of boyling Oyle as also a Church of his which was formerly the Temple of Diana From the part within the Citty along by the wall you will come to Saint Giovanni in Fonte and in Laterano as also to the holy staires in which places you are to observe many things of valew beauty and devotion which for brevities sake I omitt In the Piazza marke the Palace built by Sixtus Quintus the Obelisck engraven with Aegyptian Hieroglyphicks placed in times of old by Augustus in the great Cirque and from thence transported by the order of the said Sixtus Quintus into this place adorned with faire Bases whereunto Paul the fifth adjoyned a goodly fountaine Under the Portico of Saint Giovanni you will see through an Iron grate the statua of Henry the fourth King of France in Brass You will in like manner see the Hospitall of men and women dell salvatore and then go and reverence the Church of Saint Stefano Rotondo which some think was the Temple of Claudius the Emperor of it Matteo Silvagio who wrote in the time of Paul the third saith Quam tecto nunc carentem marmoreis columnis et crustatis varii coloris marmore parietibus Mosaicoque opere inter primas Urbis Ecclesias ornatissimam fuisse judicamus You will see in this street the conveyance of the Appian water Neer thereunto is the most antient and devout Church of â—anta Maria della Navicella so named from a * Navicella is a little Boat ship or Pinnace Navicella of Marble placed before the Church upon a vow made there you will also see the famous and most delicious Garden of the Mattei wherein amongst other statues imbossed works inscriptions Urnes and obeliscks is an Apollo fleaing of Marsias a modern Andromeda an antient Amazon an antient Antoninus in a Collossean
of Santa Maria di Loreto the Palace of the Capponi the Piazza and Church of Santa Maria dell Popolo where Pope Gregory the thirteenth caused a Fountain to be made and Sixtus Quintus erected a Piramide taken from Circus Maximus which was set up there by the Emperor Augustus and dedicated to the Sunne Turning towards the Citty enter into the street dell Corso which was levelled and paved from the foot of the Campidoglio by Paul the third and you will see the Church and Hospitall of San Jacomo de gl'Incurabili and over against that the Church of Giesu Maria San Carlo dei Milanesi and the Palace of the Gasteni heretofore belonging to the Ruccellai Then will you meet with the Church of San Lorenzo in Lucena conjoyned to the Palace of Cardinall Montalto which was first of all built by an English Cardinall about the year of Christ 1300. upon the ruins of Domitians Palace so called at that time afterwards amplified and respectivly restored by the Cardinals Morinense Calandrino Cibo Vlisbonense Fatio di S. Sabina and lastly augmented by the Prince Peretti the house de poveri putto di Latt rato the Palacs of Cardinall Teodoli the Church and Monasterie of S. Maria Maddalena delle convertite the Palace of Cardinall Verospi adorned with antient statuaes the Church and Monasterie of S. Silvestro de Capite and the other della Madonna di S. Giovannino the Church of S. Andrea of the order of the Minimi Fryars the Church of the Vrban Colledge de propaganda Fide the Church and Monasterie of San Gioseppe delle Carmelitane Afterwards ascend up to go towards Porto Pinciana and in a corner of the street which leads to S. Isodoro you may see Signior Francesco Angelonies famous study Proceed on to view the Church and Convent of S. Isodoro of the Irish Fryars of St. Francis where is a very faire Librarie neer to the same is the Church and Convent of the Capuchines built from the foundation by Cardinall Antonio Barberino a little further is the Church of S. Nicola da Tolentani of the reformed bare-foote Augustinian Fryars Parting from thence go and finde out Porta Pia through which you must passe to see the two most worthy Temples of Santa Agnese and of Santa Costanza rich with pillars Marbles Mosaick work and a great Sepulcher of Porphyrie beleeved of the vulgar to be that of Bacchus Turning back to the Citty before you enter see the Prince Borghesies Garden made by Cardinal Scirione Borghese in the Papacie of Paul the fifth which is replenished with such abundance of various and severall rarities as the like is hardly to be found elswhere wherefore after you have diligently observed them all passe into the Palace unto which it belongs and admire all the adorned parts thereof the great number of statuaes Urnes Conchaes antick and modern Vasses wherewith it is incompassed and pargetted ascend up into the Lodgings thereof full of statuaes and stately seats and first of all into the hall in which besides a multitude of armes of all sorts and other ornaments you will see twelve heads of the twelve Cesars some antient and others modern bigger then the life with breasts of severall Marbles two like heads the one of Scipio Africanus and the other of the Carthaginian Hanniball an antient Sepulcher with a cover of Marble and a woman lying along upon it twelve pillars whereof four are of Porphyrie two of green and two of speckled stone upon the top of which are figures of marble In the first Chamber is a David with his sling done by Cavalier Bermino a Seneca of touch in the Bath by Africano and a she Wolfe of red marble with Romulus and Remus sucking at her Teats Every one of the other Chambers is adorned with the like in divers kinds besides a world of most stately hangings sumptuous Beds brave furniture besides rich cupbords of plate Cymbals Virginals Organs antick Vasses and great mirrors all which I leave unto you to behold and remarke with wonder and astonishment No lesse wonder of seeing it is another Palace of the great Duke of Toscan within the City as also one belonging to Duke Loudoviso over against the same Finally view the Church and convent of the Minimi Fryers of the most holy Trinity on Monte Princio wherewith you are to conclude this daies walk The tenth daies walke To the seven Churches THis daies walk shall be destinated for the seven Churches and I hold it most convenient to begin at the going to see that of San Pietro in vaticano This Church was begun in the yeare 1507. by Pope Julius the second who on the fifteenth of April laid the first stone with this inscription JULIUS II. P. M. AEDEM DIVO PETRO DICATAM Vetustate coilabentem in digniorem amplioremque formam ut erigat FUNDAMENT A JECIT A. CHRISTI M. D. VII THE designer and Architect thereof unto the year 1514. was Bramante Lazari da Castel Durante Afterwards the fabrick of it was continued by Rafaele d'Urbino Giuliano di S. Gallo Fra. Giocondo da verona Baldassarre Perâ—zzi and Antonio di S. Ga lo unto the Papacie of Paul the third who committed the care of that building to Michelangelo Buonarota the Florentine This same took the charge thereof upon him and of brick that it was before made it of stone after a new modell reuniting and agiusting it with a stately pargetting of beaten marble on the outside and within adorning it with most goodly ornaments To Buonaroti succeeded Jacomo Barozzi da vignola who continued it to the year 1575. Then Giacomo della Porta Romano being elected thereunto went on with the work untill the Papacie of Clement the eighth Under all them aforesaid the fabrick advanced no further then the Gregorian and Clementine Chappell 's But Pope Paul the fifth with the designe of Carlo Maderno caused the old part to be demolished as far as the said Chappels extended towards the forefront in the yeare 1606. and made a new addition of fix Chappell 's of the Portico frontispiece and Lodge of benediction The Popes have given full remission of sinnes to them that pray in this Church on certaine daies The Chappell wherein Gregory the thirteenth lies is most rich and the Sepulcher of Paul the third is very stately The statua of Saint Peter under the Organs was made as it is thought of the same mettle whereof Jupiter Capitolinus was composed To the second Church of San Paolo To go to San Paolo you must take your way to the street called Longara then towards Santa Maria in Frastevere so proceede on to the Bridge di quatro Capi and passing l'Isola di San Bartholomeo and the other Bridge turn on the right hand to arrive at Santa Maria di Scuola Greca at Marmorata Piazza di Testaccio and at the Gate of San Paolo otherwise called Trigemina and Ostiensia This Gate stood antiently where Caius his Cave was called â—rigemina from the three Horatij their going
state of the holy Church are fourscore thousand foot and three thousand and five hundred horse And none of these souldiers have any pay but onely enjoy divers exemptions and priviledges of wearing armes and others so that his Holinesse in time of need may serve himselfe of them without giving impediment to the husbandman in manuring the ground for the mantenance of the City with provision of victuall And all these stand ready armed upon any suddain warning as in the time of War being continually disciplined by their Officers whereby they become very good Souldiers The before-named Generalls of the horse have each of them an hundred crowns a month entertainment the Commissaries of the horse which are two have fifty crowns a month apiece the seven Marshalls of the Camp of the Provinces fifty crowns a month apiece the seven Sergeants Maiors of the Provinces have each of them five and twenty crowns a month the Collaterall General seventy crowns a month the Captains of the bands 20 crownes a month apiece with their howsrent defrayed and other perquisites the Colonells beforenamed thirty crowns a month apiece The Colonell of the Corsi with the Collaterall Paymaster Captains Officers and souldiers thereof are paid after the manner of War And these are thoroughout all the holy Church imployed againgst the Banditi and sometimes in the Popes Gallies It is also necessary to know that Pope Clement the eight by the means of Signior Mario Farnese at that time Generall of the Forces of Ferrara made in that fortresse an Armory replenished with all kind of armes for the arming of five and twenty thousand foot and another Armory in Bologna for the arming of ten thousand And in the Papacie of Paul the fifth the same Don Mario introduced into Tivoli a City distant sixteen miles from Rome excellent workmen for the making of all sorts of armes of War and of those armes framed in Tivoli he made an Armory in Castle St. Angelo for the arming of twelve thousand foot and another Armory for the arming of five thousand and in the Vatican Palace two like Armories as also one in Ancona and one in Ravenna He likewise caused fourscore pieces of great Ordnance to be cast By this it may be seen how great the forces of the Pope are who hath armes to arm an hundred thousand men and all his Vassalls are apt for the Warrs being naturally addicted thereunto The state of the Holy Church abounds with Captains and men of command and in the Castle Saint Angelo are millions of ready coine in Gold besides a million and an halfe in Jewells Of the prefectship of Rome THE Prefectship of Rome a most noble and antientdignity was constituted with much authority by the Roman Emperors and alwaies since continued by the high Bishops being enjoyed by some of the chiefest Families amongst the which it was a long time in the noble Families of the Orsini and Rovere After the death of Francesco Maria the last Duke of Urbin it was granted by Urban the eight to Don Taddeo Barberino and his heirs to the third generation It hath many and divers prerogatives and it is the office of him that possesseth it to carry immediately before the Emperors in their solemn riding the Imperiall sword Of the Governor of the Castle Saint Angelo THe Pope makes the Governor of the Castle Saint Angelo by his Brieve with five hundred crowns a month entertainment he hath under him a Deputy Governor of his own making who assists in the charge of the Castle with fifty crowns a months entertainment and as much in perquisites There is also a Proveditor who holds his Office by Patent from the Governor and it yields him four hundred crownes a year Another hath the care of the Armory with the entertainment of twenty crowns a month having under him many young fellowes paid by the Chamber Then there are two hundred souldiers with their Captaine Ensigne Sergeants and Corporalls which are paid according to the manner of the Warrs all the Officers together with the Master-Gunner are made by the Governor but but the Corporalls souldiers and Chaplains are at the disposing of the Deputy Governor whose charge it is to inroll the adjutants of the Castle which are ordinarily five hundred and do enjoy the priviledge of wearing armes Of the Generall of the Popes Gallies THE Generall of the Gallies is made by the Pope's Brieve and takes his usuall oath as in like manner do all the great Officers before the Lord Treasurer Generall with the entertainment of three hundred crowns a month and pay for twelve demy-Launces The Generall makes a Lieutenant by his Patent who hath an hundred crowns a month entertainment and pay for four demy-launces All the Captains of the Gallies the Captains of the foot and the Ensigns hold their places by the Generalls Patent with the usuall pay as also the chief Master the Auditor and Notarie But the Proveditor the Paymaster the Patron of the Galley the Munition-Master and the Apothecary are made by the Lord Treasurer Generalls Patent Every other person as the Chaplains Officers souldiers Barbers Mariners Masters Masters-mates Pilots and Councellors depend immediately on the Generall who hath not power de jure to free men from the chaine which is used to be done by a Councell of War but the Generall does it sometimes de facto Of the Popes Vicar NOw wee will speake of the Offices which are in the persons of the Cardinalls beginning with the Popes Vicar which Office is most antient having beene a long time out of the sacred Colledge of of the Cardinalls and exercised by such as were but simply Bishops but Pius the fourth brought that dignity to the said Colledge having declared Cardinal Jacomo Savelli for his Vicar whose jurisdiction is over the Priests and Regulars inhabiting in Rome as also over the companies of Laymen Hospitalls pious places Jews and Curtezans within the precincts thereof The Cardinall-Vicar hath for his entertainment an hundred crownes a month paid him by the reverend Chamber This Office hath four Notaries every one of the which exerciseth his Office apart with eight or nine Clerks under him It hath likewise two Lieutenants the one for civill who is commonly a Referendary Prelate and the other for criminal causes and also a Vicegerent a Prelate too but for some years past he still hath been a Titular Bishop to the end he may perform all Episcopall functions in Rome and he hath the superintendance or particular care of the Monasteries of Nunnes he is present likewise with the other Officers in the Congregations which are made before the most eminent Cardinal-Vicar for matters and causes of that Tribunall and hath under him a Provost Marshall with good store of sergeants Of the chief Penitentiarie IN the time of Saint Cyprian and of Cornelius the Pope two hundred yeares after Christ our Lord many Christians having sacrificed to Idolls there was great contending wehther the relapsers should be admitted to
reconciliation whereupon sprung the schism made by Novatianus finally the Major part prevailed that they should be accepted But because some had sinned lesse then others there were Priests deputed which pro modo culpae admissam poenitentiam indulgent From whence grew the use of Penitentiaries and all that intervenes in those cases Whereupon it was constituted that in each of the Patriarchall Churches of Rome there should be two Priests who should have the care of imposing pennance according to the penitentiall Canons which are most antient as the Bibliothecarie makes mention and this is all that is found written of it Now it is likely that those Priests constituted in the said Churches had a head with whom they were to confer which upon occasion communicated important cases to the Pope and this was the Penitentiary who in truth ought to be very antient but the most antient mention that P. Panvino hath of it is in that of Gregory the tenth in capit ubi periculum The charge of the chiefe Penitentiarie is exercised at this day by a most eminent Cardinal conferred on him by his Holinesse and yields him about eight thousand crowns a year He hath under him a Prelate with the title of the Regent of the Penitentiaria whose jurisdiction is over the cases referred to his Holinesse granting absolutions gratis ubique directed to approved confessors in Parliament sealed with the usuall seale of the Penitentiaria The Cardinal Penitentiarie sits with much solemnity sometimes in one and sometimes in another of the three Cathedrall Churches that is of Saint John de Lateran of Saint Peter in the Vatican and of Santa Maria Maggiore upon a seat three or four degrees high in form of a Tribunall with a staffe of Office in his hand to heare the confessions of cases reserved he makes his Congregation also with the intervening of his regent of the Prelate that keeps the Seale and two or three Divines which which are ordinarily Jesuits as allso some one Canonist Hee hath likewise under him certain Offices that are vendible and his illustrious Lordship hath part of the disposing of them Of the Vicechancellor THE Chancellors wrote all that which antiently occurred to the Pope to write both when he gave answer to doubts of faith which were demanded of him by the Provinces and Bishops as allso concerning any other thing And the chiefest person of the Popes spirituall Dominion had that authority which at this day the Secretaries of the Brieves and the Secretaries ab intimis have and moreover the same which in the Kingdome of France and in many other States the Chancellor hath Lucas de Penna reciting a certain Epistle of Saint Isidores sets downe what the authority of this Office is Hee had under him twelve which were called Schrinerari and one Protoschrinerario all which assisted him in sustaining the weight of his charge according as he directed them The most antient mention which is found of this Office is in Saint Jerome in an Epistle of Monarchy ad Gerontiam who was Chancellor This Office untill Gregory the eight was alwaies given to Bishops or Cardinalls and about the year 1100. the Bishop-Cardinal of Saint Rufina was ever Chancellor for so had Benedict the eight granted it by dispensation It fell from that custome in the year 1071. under Alexander the second after whose time it was alwaies in the hands of Priests or Deacon-Cardinals Gregory the eight who had this Office being made Pope began to give it out of the Colledge of Cardinalls and conferred it on a Lateranense Canon who because he was no Cardinal intitled himself Cancellarij vicem Agens The giving that Office out of the sacred Colledge continued an hundred years and the Ministers vicem agentes were called Vicechancellors as a more commodious word This Office under Boniface the eight returned into the sacred Colledge of Cardinalls and was given to Ricardo Pelroni a Nobleman of Siena who being made a Cardinal never remembring the antient institution continued Vice-chancellor and so thorough heedlesnesse it came to be the name of the Office He that had this Office was called Chancellor or Bibliothecarie which is asmuch in effect because he was likewise Praefect of the Library In the time that the Emperor nominated the Pope the Master of the Rolls called himself Archicancellarius Imperij pro Italia Apostolicae Sedis Bibliothecarius vel Cancellarius seu Archicancellarius and they that were in Rome said Datum Romae per manum N. Diaconi Cardinalis Vicecancell Archiepiscopi Colonien Apostolicae Sedis Bibliothecarij seu Cancellarij whence it is to be noted that the date was put downe by the said Chancellor Nor was the Office of the Datarie distinct from the Chancellor which distinction was established at Avignion and therefore it is to be considered that the Datarie in his date said not per manum B. but Simpliciter An eminent Cardinall exerciseth the charge of Vicechancellor and it yeelds him between fifteene and sixteene thousand crownes a yeare whose jurisdiction is over the dispatches of Apostolicall letters concerning all matters whereof the supplications are signed except those which are dispatched by Brieve sub Annulo Piscatoris And in his Palace three times a week that is Tuesday Thursday and Sunday doe the Officers of the Chancery Apostolicall assemble together which are the Regent and the Abbreviators de Parco magiore being twelve Prelats besides the Regent and who are all attyred in the purple habit of a Prelate and their Offices are sold the Regentship for two and twenty thousand crownes and every Abbreviator for eleven or twelve thousand crownes their money yeelding them between eight and ten in the hundred and six of the Abbreviators Offices together with that of the Regent are at the disposing of the Cardinal Vicechancellor These thirteene Prelates have place in his Holiness Chappell but the Regent never goes thither in respect of precedencie with other Prelates They are also Refendaries both of the one and the other Signature and the Regent moreover hath power to commit the causes of Appeales in Rome which he committs to the Auditors of the Ruota and to the Referendaries distributing them by order so that every one may have a part in them The Office of the Abbreviators is to make the Originalls of the Bulls upon the supplications already signed by his Holinesse and to review the Bulls after they are faire written in parchment The Abbreviators de Parco minore the Clerkes and other Officers which are there who have bought their places and whose profit is founded on the emoluments of such dispatches and annates assist in the taxing reviewing and signing the Bulls receiving their fee of the summe taxed which is paid by him that dispatcheth the Bulls Furthermore the Cardinall Vicechancellor is he that in the secret Consistoreis take the collatiōs of the Cardinalls tythes and the declarations of promotions and collations of Bishoppricks which the Pope makes pro tempore as also of
the other Priests were not admitted as is extant in Anastasius the Bibliothecarie in the life of Pope Marcellus As for the rest the Priests were equall in preaching in administring the Sacraments except Baptisme as I have already said in assisting the Pope in being imployed as Legates and this before Constantine After Constantine the Priest Cardinalls began to have I know not what kind of more prerogative above other Priests that were not Cardinals so that leaving off that particular care of Baptisme and Burialls they onely went forth in Legations and of them above for the most part was the Pope made having power over the Priests and Clerks of their jurisdiction This continued sixe hundred yeares untill Gregory the seventh at which time aswell by the Emperor as of the rest of the Clergy and people from the election the authority of the Cardinalls increased for that they were they alone which made the Pope and commonly out of their own order Now that they might maintaine their dignity the revenew of their Titles not being sufficient for many of them they began to have in commenda simple Benefices Canonships Archpresbyters and the like When a Bishoprick was given to any of these the dignity of Cardinall was void as inferior to the other Afterwards when they were made Bishops they demanded that by way of grace they might retaine the nomination only leaving the title of Priest calling themselves Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinales without title but Cardinales Ecclesiae Dei In the time of Pope Alexander the third after they were made Bishops perceiving that to bee a Cardinall was a great importance for their attaining to the Papacie and for their intervening in their election of the Pope they began to retaine the Title as to be both Bishop of a place a Cardinal of Rome together howbeit with this advertisement that no Bishop was made a Cardinall because it was reputed a descending in degree but if the Cardinall was made a Bishop he retained both the one and the other In processe of time the Bishops beginning to desire to be Cardinalls sought for meanes to make Cardinalls that were no Priests but they were not able to doe it untill Boniface the eight was Pope when as the Court went to Avignion where every thing going to confusion both Bishops Priests and Deacons were made Cardinalls and Cardinals had Bishopricks and Abbacies more then one given them in commenda upon this occasion too the Cardinalls began to proceed Bishops that were meere Bishops and this precedencie began not absolutely but in Avignion Of Deacons and Priests Cardinalls DEacons Cardinalls were anciently seven like unto the seven Deacons which were instituted by the Apostles the chiefe of the Deacons was called Deacon-Cardinall or Archdeacon that signified asmuch in imitation of the Priests Cardinalls who were in title above the other Prelates as appears in the Synod of Saint Silvester These Deacons had care of the revenues of all the Churches and the Almes of the faithfull providing for all the Priests aswell Priests Cardinalls as others and for the Pope also and this unto the time of Constantine But here is to be noted that the sub-Deacons had the care of receiving the revenues and the Deacons of keeping and dispensing them according as it was ordained In the time of Constantine persecutions ceasing those seven Deaconships not sufficing Deacons for the service of every title were appointed in the parishes where there were Priests and Priests-Cardinalls who had a care of the Popes that is the Church of Romes revenues and those were called Deacon Cardinalls untill the year a thousand in the time of Pope Silvester or thereabout At which time the Deacons attending no longer on the revenue whereof there was a new particular Officer constituted they were left only to the reading of the Gospell before the Pope in which time because the number of the seven regionary Deacons were increased for Rome was then divided into so many Regions and every one of them had the charge of reading the Gospell in the Church of his Region when as thâ—â—ope went to say Masse in either of their said Churches and they were called Cardinalls of the first of the second and of the third Region according as the Region was named whereof they were intituled Cardinalls The other foure Deacons were called Palatine Cardinalls in the Lateran Altaris Ministri because they read the Gospell before the Pope in Saint John de Lateran These Deacons had their settled dwelings in Rome neer to certain Churches or Oratories without cure of soules from which Churches leaving the name of Regions they began to have their denominations that is Petrus Diaconus Cardinalis sancti Adriani whereas they said before Regionis talis and this was five hundred yeers agoe or thereabout in the time of Paschall the second The reputation of these grew up together with that of the Priests Cardinals in regard they had all of them the name and prerogative of a Cardinall and assisted in the Election of the Pope Of Bishops Cardinalls THere are here to be noted three things the first in regard the translation from one Bishoprick to another was anciently held inconvenient for three hundred yeares space together namely to the yeare nine hundred none that was a Bishop of another place was ever chosen Pope of the Church of Rome but one still that was either a Priest or a Deacon of the said Roman Church the reason thereof it may be was because the Priests of Rome would have none elected but one of their owne number the first that was otherwise elected was Formosus Bishop of Porto in the eight hundred nintie and one whereupon arose many uproares for transgressing the antient Custome as may be seen in Platina The second that a Citty being once possest by the enemy the Bishop thereof was admitted into some other Bishoprick that was void with condition that upon restitution to his owne Church he should returne to his flock and be called the Priest or Bishop of that place which had been committed unto him as if Fundi had been taken by the Turks thus it would be said Petrus Episcopus Fundanus et Sacerdos Cardinalis Ferracinens If so be the charge of the Bishoprick of Ferracina had been conferred on him as appears in Saint Gregory where there are foure or five examples of it The third that in the consecration of the Pope there were deputed seven Bishops namely Albanus Ostiensis Portuensis Sanctae Rufinae Tusculanus Prenestinus Sabinensis And these in the beginning did not intervene in the Election but only in the consecration Foure hundred years after or there about in the time of Alexander the third they were admitted to the Election and then they began to be called Bishops Cardinalls like unto the Priests and Deacons Cardinalls which intervened in the Election of the Pope but before that there was never any called Bishop Cardinall Of the Cardinals Titles THe Titles of Priests-Cardinalls
were of a determinate number that is eight and twenty as those of the Deacons eighteen and those of the Bishops seven Now in Rome there were five Churches built which were called Patriarchall that is Saint John de Lateran representing the Pope Saint Peter representing the Patriarch of Constantinople Saint Paul that of Alexandria Sancta Maria magiore that of Antiochia and Saint Laurence without the Walls that of Jerusalem To the Ministers of the Lateran for that it was the Cathedrall were deputed the seven Bishops Cardinalls to that of the others because they were of lesse dignity seven Priests Cardinalls for each of them and this number was setled for twelve hundred years untill the time of Innocent the second before whom Cardinalls were not made many together but one by one as they came to be void Innocent the second finding divers Cardinallships void began first to make many Cardinalls together which was continued untill about four hundred years since at which time the number of Cardinalls seeming to be too great they began when Cardinalls dyed not to put others in their roomes but to give them in commendum to other Cardinals or leave the Government of them to the Cardinalls Archpriests so that in processe of time it came to that passe as no longer minding the antient number of fifty three they grew to be exceedingly diminished howbeit Pope Leo the tenth not only restored them to the said number again but it was by him and Pope Paul the third and Pope Pius the fourth exceeded insomuch that the eight and twenty titles of the Priests Cardinalls not sufficing Pope Leo made thirteen Pope Iulian the third three and Pope Paul the fourth one more Now it is to be noted that before Pope Leo they never exceeded the number of fifty and three It was an antient custome observed in the Church for fourteen hundred yeers together that no opposition was amongst the Cardinalls for a Deacon made not himselfe a Priest unlesse he lost his Deaconship and then took upon him the title of Priest and in like sort if a Priest became a Bishop he left the title of Priest but continuing a Priest he never changed his title neither a Bishop his Bishoprick nor a Deacon his Deaconship One of those actions sprang from the Schisme of the Councell of Pisa where the Cardinall yeelding to the one and the other obedience some Cardinals of Avignion and Rome being of the same Cardinallship it was necessary that one of them should relinquish his and for this they began afterwards to change which hath been the ruine of the Churches where there were Titles of Deaconships It was an ancient custome likewise which lasted five hundred yeares even to the time of Pope Sixtus quartus that a Deacon should have no title nor a Priest a Deaconship it being a thing repugnant to give the cure of soules to a Deacon and to a Priest a Deaconship Pope Sixtus quartus was the first that confounded this Cardinalship giving to Priests Deaconships titles to Deacons and the matter went so farre forward that there is not a title which hath not had a Deacon wherein yet is to be noted that the Deacon although he hath a title as the Cardinall Montallo had of San Lorenso in Domaso yet hee useth not the name of title as to say Alexander Sancti Laurentii Damaso Diaconus Cardinalis without mention of the title and contrarily the Priest Cardinall that hath a Deaconship whereas he ought to speake of the title not because it hath no title yet he adjoynes it as Jacobus Sabellus of the title c. Of the habit of the Cardinalls THe Cardinals before Innocent the fourth untill the yeare a thousand two hundred and fifty went in the ordinary habit of a Priest like to that of the Monks Innocent the fourth first of all added to it the red Hatt afterwards in the time of Boniface the ninth they had the red and violet habit in the same manner and forme as it is used at this day Pope Paul the second gave the Myter of silke the red cap the red cloth for the Mule and guilt stirrops Gregory the fourteenth gave the red cap to the Regular Cardinalls going otherwaies apparelled in that colour which those of the order whereof they were then used but of the same fashion and stuffe as the other Cardinals 〈…〉 howbeit they wore no Rocheâ—◠〈…〉 sock of cloth and when they adorne themselves instead of a Rochet they put on a coate with wide sleeves and adorne themselves over that the other Cardinalls which are not Regulars put on the Ammitts over the Rochet which they weare ordinarily then their ornaments in like manner the Regular Cardinal ought to put on the Ammitt over the Coat The shaven Crowne is the common badge of all the Clergy men the Manipule is the badge of the Subdeacon the crosse-Stole of the Deacon the Planeta of the Priest the Myter of the Bishop the Pall of the Archbishop of the Primate of the Patriarch and the Diadem of the Pope which for sixe hundred yeares together was adorned with onely one Crowne but at the returne of the Apostolick Sea from Avignion to Rome the Popes began to weare the triple Crowne Of the Creation of the Cardinalls THe Pope doth use to make Cardinalls two severall waies the first is this Those persons which are abiding in Rome whom his Holinesse purposeth to promote have notice given them thereof over night by the Cardinall Nephewes whereupon the next morning they repaire to the Palace at the usuall houre The Pope when as the secret Consistory is shut up pronunceth the Cardinalls whom he intends to make and in the same Consistory causes them to bee called in where kneeling downe at his Holines feet the Pope puts the red hatt on his head and making the signe of the Crosse on it hee sayes to him Esto Cardinalis and weare this red hatt as a signe that thou wilt without feare expose thy self even to death and the effusion of thy dearest bloud for the exaltation of the holy faith for the peace quiet of Christian people and augmenting the state of the holy Roman Church in the name of the Father of the Sonne and of the holy Ghost Amen Then the new Cardinall takes off the Hatt from his head and kisseth his Holinesse feet The second way is this In the secret Consistory the Pope pronounceth in order of dignitie the Cardinalls which he hath made and then gives a list of them to the Cardinall Nephew who sends his Master of the Chamber with his owne Coach to fetch those persons which are promoted from out of such parts of the City as they live in and bring them to his Eminencies Lodgings There they have their Crowns shaven and are attyred in purple like Cardinalls the garments wherewith they were apparrelled before are the vailes of the Cardinall Nephewes adjutants of the Chamber and the Cardinall Nephewes Barber that
chiefe place next to the Cardinalls and are reckoned as a part of the Popes family having a daily allowance of the bread wafers and wine of the Palace Vpon the first Masse that one of these Prelates sings in the Chappell Pontifically he is to give a great reward to the Masters of the Ceremonies to others of the Chappell Of the manner of shutting and opening a new Cardinals mouth IN the first Consistory the Pope shuts the new Cardinalls mouth and prohibits him from presuming to speak any thing in the Consistories or Councells untill such time as by the advice of his Brethren he shall be induced to open his mouth In the second or third Consistory the Pope useth to open his mouth in this manner After all the Cardinals both old and new are there congregated together the Pope commands the new Cardinals to goe forth which accordingly they doe and in a decent place without the Consistory wait his Holinesse pleasure whereupon the Pope propounds unto the old Cardinals whether it seemes fit unto them that the mouths of the new Cardinalls should be opened and they severally consenting the new Cardinalls are called in again Then the Pope exhorts the new Cardinalls standing before him with words full of Fatherly love to behave themselves gravely courteously and discreetly in all things to speak in the Consistories with reverence and modesty to deliver their opinions not by way of contradicting and impugning that of others but respectfully observing every one to declare their minds with that judgment and wisdome which the Lord should vouchsafe to indue them withall to have God alwaies before their eyes in giving their counsells and votes to govern their houses and families with all moderation and honesty not suffering in them any gamsters quarellers riotous or infamous persons for that commonly the vices of the Master do appear in the lives of the servants according to the saying such as the King is such are the people to bestow themselves when they are free from publick affaires in the Study of good Letters and alwaies to have some part of the holy Scriptures read at their Tables This exhortation ended he opens their mouths saying We open your mouths to speak in all Councells in Electing of the high Bishop and in all acts both within the Consistory and without it which appertains to Cardinalls and which they are used to exercise in the name of the Father of the Sonne and of the Holy Ghost Amen This done the new Cardinalls approching one after another to the Pope the first of them kneels down before his Holinesse who taking a pretious Ring prepared for that purpose puts it on the Ring finger of the new Cardinals right hand saying To the honour of Almighty God of the Holy Apostles Peter Paul we commit unto thee the Church of Saint N. together with the Clergy people and Chappels thereof according to the forme wherewith it useth to be committed to Cardinals which have the title of the said Church Of the Election of the Apostolicall Legat de Latere THe Pope doth in the secret Consistorie propound the causes for which the creation of Legats seemeth necessary unto him and requires his brethren to vote whether any shall be created and how many After they are agreed of them they name the persons who upon their nomination goe straightway out of the Consistory and when the Fathers have resolved who they shall be they are called in againe Then his holinesse as they are all sitting declares unto them one by one how considing in his prudence wisdome vertue c. he hath with the advice of his Brethren designed him to be an Apostolicall Legat into such parts and enjoyns him to take the charge thereof upon him Now he unto whom the Pope addresseth his speech riseth up on his feet and when he hath done speaking unto him he with his Hat off gives the Pope and the sacred Colledge many humble thanks for their good opinion of him notwithstanding his insufficiency and with modest words excuseth himselfe and desireth them to commit that charge to some such person as is more experienced and better fitted for it then he But the Pope still pressing it upon him at length he offereth his obedience to his Holinesse pleasure and reiterating his thanks unto him he falls downe on his knees before him and kissing his feet and hand he is received ad Osculum Oris both by the Pope and all the Cardinalls who doe afterwards go and accompany him to his house where he prepares himselfe for his journey being in the meane time visited by all the Cardinalls The day of his departure come a secret Consistory is held at the end whereof taking leave of his Holinesse he is conducted by all the Cardinalls to the gate of the City and there having given them thanks and kissed them all one after another he goes away in peace After the Cardinall Legat hath past out of the Territory of the City where the Pope resides he begins to blesse puts on a red Cloak and hath the Crosse carried before him Now all the while that he is in his Legation he doth not participate of the emoluments of the Apostolicall Chamber or of the Annats Of the Election of Arch-Bishops and Bishops POpe Clement the eight with much prudence ordained that a person destined to a Church in Italy should go and submit himselfe to the examination of certain Cardinals Prelates Divines and Canonists Now this is the order which is observed with a person that is destinated to a Church he must go to his examination before his Holinesse where he must be all the while upon his knees kneeling on a Cushion If he doth not carry himselfe well he is rejected if he doth carry himselfe well they approve of him and he is interrogated in that faculty whereof he hath taken the degree of Doctor or of some other which he hath made profession of The examination then ended and he approved of the Pope appoints some Cardinall to propound that Church but before it comes to the proposition these things ensuing are to be done First the person destinated must make profession of his faith before the Cardinall Ponente then in the presence of his Eminencie must the oath be given to the witnesses which are to be examined aswell concerning the state of that Church as of the qualitie birth and manners of the person destinated to be Bishop thereof That done the Cardinall gives order to his Auditor for the drawing up of the processe which is made by the Cardinall Vicars or the Auditor of the Chambers Notary howbeit he that is destinated to the Church must first produce the priviledge of his Doctorship and others if he have any as Patents and such like which may any way make for him then are the witnesses to attest that he is borne of lawfull marriage that his Parents were never suspected of heresy and that he is above thirty years of age
the mean time te Deum laudamus c. which once finished together with the Cardinalls adoration the Deacon-Cardinal read in Cornu Epistolae certain verses and prayers concerning the new high Bishop who all the while sat upon the Altar from whence descending he turned himselfe to the people and gave them his Benediction and then going out of the Chappell with the said Cardinals whom he saluted on every side of him as he went along he put himselfe into a close Pontificall chair and so was carried to his lodgings with a great train of attendants The same evening and the two others following the Castle of St. Angelo shot off all its great Cannon and over all Rome were huge Bone-fires made and stately lights set forth in every window too of the Cardinalls Princes and Ambassadors were great Torches of white waxe which after they had burned a little were thrown for joy amongst the people Thus ended the Ceremonies of the creation of the new Pope and the peoples externall rejoycing because they hoped that by the benignity wisdome and goodnesse of Innocent the tenth they should see an innocent Golden age established in the World Of the manner of the Coronation of the said Pope Innocent ON Tuesday the fourth of October 1644. Pope Innocent the tenth a Roman sung a solemn Masse and performed other Ceremonies for his Coronation in Saint Peters Church of the Vatican which was hung all about with most rich Arras by Cardinall Barberino who was Arch-priest thereof Now the manner of this solemn Coronation we will endeavour to describe hereafter as briefly and with as much fidelity as possibly we can On Tuesday aforesaid then about seven of the Clock in the morning his Holinesse passed from his lodgings to Pope Sixtus quartus his Chappel which served for a room of preparation in that occasion in his Chamber habit being supported on either side by the Lord Master of the Chamber and the Cup-bearer attired in red cloakes with hoodes lined with red taffeta sarcenet as all the other secret Chamberlaines of honour and the Chaplaines in like sort were before whom in long red robes but without hoodes were the Chamberlaines extra muros and his Holinesse Squires before the Pope also went the Emperors Embassador Don Camilo Panfilio Generall of the Holy Church the Ambassador of Bologna and the Governor of Rome then on either hand were the Captains of his Holinesse guards both of Horse and Foote after whom followed the Cardinalls in red habits which coming to Sixtus his Chappell went in to the rest of the Cardinals who were there attired in like sort The Pope being in this manner arrived at the said Chappell entred with the aforesaid Master of the Chamber Cup-bearer Cesars Ambassador Don Camillo and the Governor of Rome into a little room of the Vestry where there was a long table covered over with a great table cloth adorned with gold purple upon the which was set ready prepared by his Wardrop-keeper who stood thereby in a Chamberlains red habit a great gathered Vesture of Taffeta Sarcenet which by the Master of the Chamber with the assistance of the Masters of the Ceremonies was girded about his Holinesse and then taking from him his Hatt they put a red sattin nightcap on his head in which manner he passed with the rest of the persons aforesaid into Sixtus his Chappell where he no sooner appeared but all the Cardinals standing up with their heads uncovered made a most low obeisance unto him and he returned them a very fatherly salutation all the Cardinalls followers which were in a great number there being all the while on their knees The Pope then went and stood leaning against the Altar of the said Chappell whereupon the two Deacon Cardinalls Barberino and Ginetti with their usuall obeisance came and took from him his red sattin nightcap and instead thereof put on his head another of white taffeta sarcenet In the mean time all the Cardinals circled him round about and were bidden by the chiefe Master of the Ceremonies to put on their hats then the said two Deacon-Cardinalls received from the hands of the Apostolicall Sub-Deacons the ensuing ornaments which had been taken out of his Holinesse Vestry and laid ready by them on the said Altar that is an Amite an Albe or Surplice a Girdle a Stole a red Rochet embroidered all over with gold twist and a great Brouch of Gold wherewith they attired his Holinesse after which the chief Deacon having put upon his head a most pretious Myter the Master of the Ceremonies cried out with a loud voice Exâ—ra whereupon the Apostolicall Sub-Deacon took up the gestatory Crosse which is usually carried before the Pope at the passing by whereof all the Cardinals put off their hatts before the Crosse went the Popes Squires two and two in a processionall manner after whom followed an infinit number of Courtiers decently apparelled then came the Chamberlaines extra muros with a great company more of Courtiers next to them went the Consistoriall Advocates the Popes secret Chamberlaines of honour the Referendary Prelates of the Chancery the Bishops Arch-Bishops and Patriarchs as also seven of his Holinesse Chaplaines each of which carried in his hand a most pretious Crown or Myter then came the Crosse aforesaid and the Deacons Priests and Bishops Cardinals having at parting made a most low obeisance to the Pope who stood all the while leaning against the Altar as aforesaid marched two and two with their train of followers before them next went the three Conservators of Rome and the Priors of the Caporioni in their long gowns of black Velvet the Ambassador the Prince and the other persons aforesaid After all this the Pope was by the two Deacon Cardinals and his Master of the Chamber conducted from the Altar to his gestatory Chair wherein being seated by the Masters of the Ceremonies they made a sign unto his Holinesse Palfrey men who were attired in long Rose-coloured garments that reached to the ground to advance the said Chair On either side of the procession were the guard of Switzers with naked swords on their shoulders and halberds who with the launcespezzadoes made way through the great throng of people which were in an infinite number dispersed over all the places thereabout And thus was his Holinesse carried to Saint Peters Church in the said gestatory chair under a goodly rich Canopy which was born up by the Knights of Saint Peter and St. Paul Being arrived at the Porch of the said Church where neere to the Holy Doore was a Throne erected under a cloth of State with a raile about it to keepe off the presse of the people and accommodated with seates for the Cardinalls to sit on His Highnesse then being placed on the said Throne admitted the Chapter and Clergy of Peters Church to kisse his feet which ceremony performed hee entred with great Majesty through the chiefe Doore into the Church whilst the people that were numberlesse cryed out
in the Piatza in the Porch and in the Church Long live Innocent the tenth And being come before the Holy Sacrament hee kneeled downe on a carpet there prepared for him and prayed then arising up hee went to Saint Gregory the great Chappell called the Clementine where under a most rich cloth of State was a chaire placed in the which being sett with the Ambassador of France and Don Camillo Panfilio on his right hand and the Conservators of Rome and the Prior of the Caporioni on his left all the Cardinals and other Prelates came rendred him obedience the Cardinalls by kissing of his hand and the Bishop by kissing of his knee After this his Holinesse having his Papall Crosse before him gave a solemne benediction to the people who with their propitious acclamations made that great Church to resound againe This Ceremony ended the Cardinals Bishops Prelates and others fell to putting on their Holy white Ornaments whilst his Holinesse was reading the prayers and preparations for Masse When his Holinesse had done reading and the musick the Benedicamus Domino he washed his hands the chiefe Conservators holding the water unto him the first time and at Masse Don Camilo Generall of the Holy Church his Nephew the second time the Ambassador of France the third time and the Emperors Ambassador the fourth time After this there was brought in by the * Acolythite is a Clerk inferior to a Sub-Deacon Apostolicall Acolythits other Ornaments for his Holinesse covered over with very white fine linnen which they delivered unto the Cardinall Deacon of the Gospell whereupon the Pope putting off those he had on him till then he was arayed with those that came in last and had put upon his head a rich Miter imbroidered with gold and set all over with pearls and pretious stones That done the most eminent Prince Cardinall of Tuscany ordered the manner of the going of the procession wherein his Holinesse Chaplaines carried the Crownes aforesaid in the order above mentioned but with different habits having now such as were sacred on them and before the Crosse went an Acolythite with a Censor and an Incense-pan in his hand After the Procession went the Dean of the sacred Ruota in the midst of his Holinesse Master of the Chamber Cup-bearer and secret Chamberlaines which were followed by the Pronotaries and other Prelates in their Coapes In the space between Saint Gregories Chappell and that of the Apostles the Ceremony of the Blaze was performed thrice with some distance of time between by one of the Popes Masters of the Ceremonies who holding a bundle of Flax in one hand and a burning light in the other set the Flax on fire and so making the blaze said Pater Sancte sic transit gloria Mundi When as his Holinesse was come neer to the Altar of the Apostles he kneeled down on a Cushion prepared there for him and prayed without his Myter then rising up on his feet he made the confession for Masse in this order On his right hand stood Cardinall Lanil the Dean as the assistant Bishop on his left was Cardinall Barberino Deacon of the Gospell and behind them the Deacons Cardinals assisted In the mean while the Gentlemen of the Chappell began to sing the introit of the Masse The confession ended his Holinesse having his Myter upon his head againe went and sat downe in the gestatory chair wherein he was brought thither whereupon three Cardinalls Lanti Roina and Cheva read each of them a prayer for the Pope who being come out of the said Chaire and his Myter taken off the Prince Cardinall of Tuscany and first Deacon with the help of the second Deacon put upon him the Pall saying thus accipe Pallium sanctum plenitudinem Pontificialis officii ad honorem omnipotentis Dei et gloriosissime Virginis Mariae ejus Matris et Beatorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli et sanctae Romane Ecclesiae Upon the doing hereof the Cardinall aforesaid of the Gospell stuck in the three Labels of the said Pall three Pins having each of them on their heads different Jewels one in the labell in the breast another on the right shoulder and a third in the labell on the left shoulder Then his Holinesse with his Pall upon him and without a Myter went to the Altar which he kissed as also the Book of the Gospell and putting Incense into the Censer he censed the Altar and then gave the Censer unto Cardinall Antonio Barberino Deacon of the Gospell that done the Prince Cardinall of Tuscany having the help of the other assisting Cardinall put the Myter on his Holinesse head again he was three times censed by the said Cardinall Antonio and aswell the said Cardinall Antonio as the other two Deacon Cardinals kissed the Pope on the left cheek and on the breast After this his Holinesse went and sat downe upon the Throne where all the Cardinals and other Prelates aswell Patriarchs Arch-Bishops and Bishops as Abbots and Penitentiaries of Saint Peter came in their sacred vestures and reverenced him the Cardinals were admitted ad osculum pedis manus et oris the other Prelates kissed his foot and knee but the Abbots and Penitentiaries his foot only The obeysance being finished the Pope standing up on his feet reade the Introit and the Kyrieleson and after which the Gloria in Excelsis Deo together with the prayer of the Masse de die Coronationis being sung he went and sate him downe againe in his seate Then the Prince Cardinall of Tuscany with the Apostolicall Subdeacons the Auditors of the Ruota the Consistoriall Advocates and other Officers divided into two rankes descended to Saint Peters confession place where with a loud voyce the Cardinall said Exaudi Christe and the rest answered Domino nostro Innocentio decimo a Deo decreto Summo Pontifici universali Papoe vita the which words aswell the Exaudi Domine as the Domino Nostro c. were repeated three times Afterwards in like manner the said Prince Cardinall of Tuscany said three times also with a loud voice Salvator Mundi and was still answered Tu illum adjuva Sancta Maria tu illum adjuva That done the Latine Epistle was read by the Apostolicall Subdeacon and the Greek by the Greek Subdeacon as also the Gospell in Latine by Cardinall Antonio and the Greek by the Greek Deacon Many other ceremonies besides that are usuall when the Pope sings Masse were performed which for brevities sake are omitted Masse ended his Holinesse with all the ornaments wherewith he had celebrated it being seated in his gestatory Chaire he was presented by Cardinal Barberino Archbishop of Saint Peters and the chiefe Canons of that Church with a purse of white taffeta sarcenet imbroidered with gold purle and assels of the same wherein were five and twenty * Giulio a Coine made by Julius the Pope giulii of the High Bishops ancient coine and was told in Latin by the said Cardinall that the Chapter
the foure Participants carrying the Popes four hatts of crimson velvet upon Maces After them rode the forty Magistrats of the Roman people the Justices the co-adjutor the Fiscall Advocate the Scriba Senatus the Secretarie the Notary and others The said forty Magistrats were apparelled in long black Senatorian velvet gowns reaching downe to the feet with Bonnets of the same and their horses covered with foot-cloths of black velvet There were also seen marching in order the Abbreviators di parco majore the Auditors di Ruota and the Master of the sacred Palace who were followed by the fourteen Marshalls of the Roman People attired in white sattin with purple sattin jackets and velvet caps appertaining to the fourteen wards of Rome Then rode the fourteen Caporioni attired in crimson velvet gowns lined with cloth of silver and under them in white sattin suites imbroidered with gold twist having black velvet caps on their heads inriched with Jewels To these succeeded the Senator and the three Conservators of Rome all richly apparrelled who were followed by the Lord Governor of Rome and the Emperors Ambassador after them the two chief Masters of the Ceremonies and then the Apostolicall Sub-Deacon carrying the Crosse in the midst of the two Officers called the red vergers from a red verge of crimson velvet which they bear in their hand Next to them were fifty young Noble youths attired in white sattin embroidered with gold who went with their heads uncovered close to the Popes Litter which was all embroidered and studded with broad headed nailes of gold and wherein his Holinesse was Then came the Popes Master of the Chamber his Cup-bearer Secretary and Physicians and on each side the Switzers armed in white armes and with Halberds then followed in order all the great Cardinals the Patriarchs the Arch-Bishops the assistant Bishops the Pronotaries and Referendaries Last of all marched in good array the guard of horse in red cassocks and before them the Captaines and Cornets most richly and pompously attired with great feathers in their hatts The Ceremonies performed in the Lateranense Church IN this order the Pope went to the Church Porch of Saint Iohn de Lateran where being lighted out of his Litter Cardinall Colonna Arch-bishop of the said Church gave his Holinesse the crosse to kisse which hee did kneeling upon his knees That done sitting dovvn in a seate prepared for him in the said Porch the Canons and Clergie came in order to kisse his feet After that the Cardinall Arch-priest made a most elegant Oration and then presented to his Holinesse in a silver bason garnished vvith floures the tvvo keyes one of gold and the other of silver of the said Church and the Lateran Palace in signe of his povver of opening and shutting and of binding and loosing Vpon the finishing hereof the Pope vvent on foot from the said Porch to the great Gate of the Church where the * Aspersorio is a brush wherewith holi water is sprinkled Aspersorio vvas given into his hand by the said Cardinall Arch-bishop vvherevvith hee sprinkled himselfe and others and so returning the Aspersorio unto him againe he was by the said Cardinall censed three times That done hee mounted into his gestatory Chaire and was carried by his Palfrey-men clothed all in red under a canopy of State borne up over him by the Canons of the Church unto the Altar of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul where all the Cardinals came and did obyseance unto him upon that his Holiness going to the high Altar stood and blessed the people saying Sit nomen Domini benedictum and then aseending againe into his gestatory chaire he was carried unto the great Hall of the Lateran Palace called the Councell Hall and there placed in a seat at the upper end of it prepared for him where he gave unto every Cardinall one medal of Gold and another of silver and to them which had more Offices he gave for every office one medall of gold after he stood up and taking out of the assistant Chamberlaines lap asmuch coine as he could hold in his hand being neither silver nor gold he threw it to the people saying gold and silver have I none but such as I have I give unto you This done he went in procession to the lodge of Benediction and there having given a solemne Benediction the Prince Cardinall of Medici published a plenary indulgence in Latin and the like did Cardinall Antonio Barberino in the Italian tongue Then did his Holinesse againe give another Benediction to the people whereof there was an infinite company there present crying out with a loud voice long live long live Pope Innocent the tenth vvhich acclamations of theirs was accompanied with the sound of Trumpets Drums and Bells and the shot of great Ordnance and other smaller peeces this Ceremony finished the Pope returned to Saint Peters being accompanied with all the Cardinals and a great number of Princes and Lords Of the sicknesse death and obsequies of the Pope ALbeit the Roman high Bishop doth excell all mortall men in dignity and authority and is able to bind and loose all things on earth yet cannot he avoid the extreame necessity of Fate for the disciple is not above his Master nor the servant greater then his Lord God did not spare his only begotten sonne but would have him dye that he might deliver man from Eternall Death to the end all may know that none is exempted from corporall death The Pope is to think that though he be the highest of all yet he is mortall and ought carefully to beare in mind that Ceremony of the blaze which is used amongst other solemnities of his Coronation Holy Father thus passeth away the glory of the world all flesh is grasse and the beauty thereof as the flower of the field Wherefore he should accordingly be alwaies prepared as a good Pastor and a diligent Steward to render an account of his stewardship unto his Lord desiring to be dissolved and to be with Christ and carefully endeavour to performe with praise that last act wherewith the elect are wont to be Crowned Now if the Pope doth not know whilst he is sick the danger of his disease the Physitians that are about him assoon as they are in doubt of him do exhort him privatly with prudent words to doe all that is behoofefull for the good of his soule promising in the mean time not to be wanting in any thing that may conduce to the recovering of his health after which they acquaint the Popes Confessor with the state of hs body who more plainly yet secretly and with much reverence and charitie declares unto his Holinesse the perill he is in admonishing him to submit himselfe unto the pleasure of the Almighty and considering what place he doth hold to direct other Princes by his words and example in the way of Salvation The Pope of his owne accord which is best or incited by the said admonitions taking notice of the approach
that opinion which shall seem better unto him Thus communicating unto thee Reader either stranger or other that which I have done for mine owne use commend it if it may serve thy turn also but if no leave it to that end whereunto I directed it which was only to show me how to walk in the Citty with some rule and contentment An Index of every dayes walke BY il Borgo Vaticano The first dayes walke By il Frastevere The second From Strada Guilia tho l'Isola di Saint Bartolomeo The third From Saint Lorenzo in Damaso to Monte Aventino The fourth From la Piazza di Pasquino by monti Celio and Polatino The fifth From Saint Salvatore del Lauro by Campo Vaccino and by le Carine The sixth From la Piazza di S. Apollinaro by il monte Viminale and Duirinale The seventh From la Piazza Nicosia to le Terme Dioclesiane The eighth From la Piazza Borghese to Porta Pinuana The ninth To the Seven Churches The tenth The first daies walke By ill Borgo Vaticano THe street which in regard of the multitudes of lodgings in it is most known to strangers called della tenta as also those others dell ' Orsa and di Tor nona seem to me to be most necessary for the beginning and ending of every daies walk which the travelling stranger shall make to view the most curious things of Rome In going from home then direct your way to Elius his bridge built by the Emperor Elius Adrianus at this day called Ponte Sant ' Angelo and di Castello at the entrance into it are two statues of Saint Peter and Saint Paul very worthy of regard the first being the handy work of Lorenzeto Fiorentino and the second the better of the two of Paolo Romano Adjoining to the said second Statua is a Court appointed for the execution of justice although for great and heinous offences it is done in the hithermost Piazza of the Bridge On the left hand in the Tiber you shall see the relicks of the antient triumphall Bridg between two Mills whereof there are many on that River which they say was the invention of Bellissarius In the forefront of the bridge you shall discerne il Castel Sant Angelo whose tower of Massie building was made in imitation of Augustus his Mausoleum which stood just over against it on the other bank It served the said Elius Adrianus for a Sepulcher Bellisarius the Greeks and the Goths in severall times for a Fortresse Afterwards it fell into the hands of Narsetas sent by the Greek Emperor to the aid of the Romans who fortified it anew but the Goths dispoiled it of its statues and other ornaments ever since the time of Saint Gregory it was called Castel Saint Angelo from the apparition of an Angell on the top of it for a sign of the end of the plague which was then very great in the City In the year 985. it was named the Castle and Tower of Crescentius from one Crescentius a Nomentan for that he had fortified it with new works and though many have done the like yet was it most notably fortified by Pope Alexander the sixth and lastly it was exceedingly bettered with new Bulwarks Ramparts and Ditches and abundantly furnished with great Ordnance and all sorts of arms and amunition by the late Pope Vrban the eight Having past the Castle you shall see on your right hand certain Arches united unto it which were built by the said Pope Alexander from the Pontificall Palace to the Castle for the commoditie of the Popes and the said Vrban the eight caused them to be covered with a roofe restored them in many places and separated them from the houses for the more securitie On the left hand betwixt the Hospitall di St. Spirito and Borgo Vechio was the Gate Aurelia of the antient City and according to some named the triumphall Gate Then go straight unto Borgo Nuova which was first called the Alexandrine street from Pope Alexander the sixth who levelled and paved it where in the midst on the right hand you shall see a fair Church of Santa Maria Traspontina under the government of the Carmelite Fryers Over against that is the Tribunall and prisoners of Borgo A little beyond is the Piazza in the midst whereof is a fountain erected there by Pope Paul the fifth On the right hand is the Palace of the Bolognesse Campeggi the architecture of Bramants on the left hand that of the Madruci of Trent on the West side is the parish Church di St. Jacomo Scossa Cavalli and on the east is the Palace of the Genovesse Spimoli belonging in times past to Cardinall Babiena in the which during the Papacie of Sixtus Quartus dyed Carlotta Queen of Cyprus and so did Rafael d'Urbin the famous painter in the time of Leo the tenth It is at this day in the possession of Cardinall Spinola of the title of Saint Occilia A little further on the right hand you shall finde the Church of the Cardinals train bearers then the Palace of the late Cardinall Rusticucci which gives the name to the hithermost Piazza Beyond that on the same hand is the Oratory of Saint Caterina governed by a lay confraternity When you are entered into the Piazza observe the beauty of the fountain set up there by Pope Paul the fifth with a cup or boul all of one piece of a certain speckled stone called a Granito On the left hand stands the Obelisck brought out of AEgypt and erected to the Emperors Augustus and Tiberius in Nero's Circque the place where Saint Peters Vestry is now from whence Sixtus Quintus removed it and erected it anew with foure Lyons of gilded mettall which seem to support it consecrating it to the Holy Crosse the bignesse of it below is fourteen yards and forty two minims the height of it two and forty yards and an halfe the upper part of it is three yards big and foure minims In this Piazza are the Palaces of the Priorie of Malta and of the Family of the Ciboes as also the Colledge of the Penitentiaries of Saint Peter which are religious men of the company of Jesus and the Vatican Seminary Entring into saint Peters Church observe in the porch the number greatnesse and beauty of the pillars the riches of the gilded imagerie work the Holy Gate and the Gate of Brasse made by Pope Eugenius the fourth In the Church observe the quantitie of Pillars small and great which which are at the Altars the exquisitenesse of the pictures over them the Navisella of Mosaique works done by Jorto a famous painter of his time the statue of pietie the handy work of Buo Naroto the statues and sepulchers of brasse and marble which are to be seen there the infinite company of Mosaick works the huge Pillars of fine cast marble the quantitie and riches of the guilded Imagerie work the Sepulcher of the Prince of the Apostles superbly adorned by Pope Paul the fifth the Altar of the same covered with
vaccino you will see on the right hand a Portico with rowes of pillars belonging to the antient Temple of Concord on the left hand you will discern three pillars rarely chamfered with their Chapters and Corniches which are the relicks of the Temple of Jove the thunderer Somewhat beneath you will perceive Septimius Severus his Arch and on the left hand the church of St. Giosepe under the which is the Mamertine and Tullian prison wherein St. Peter and St. Paul and infinite other Martyrs were imprisoned consecrated as Fulvio writes by St. Silvester the Pope Neer thereunto is the Churches of Santa Martina and of S. Luke of the painters Academy said to be in three Forums in regard of the adjoining Forum Romanum that of Julius Caesar and that of Augustus In the last Church is the Body of the said Saint conserved in a place richly adorned by Signor Pietro da Lortona a famous painter Then is there the Temple of St. Adriano with gates of mettall antiently built to Saturne thereby was the publick treasury and before that Church was a golden pillar from whence all the high waies of Italy took their beginning Further forward is a Portico with rowes of pillars seen as also the Church of Santo Lorenzo in Miranda de spetiali which was in antient times a Temple erected to Faustina and Antonius Pius her husband Fast by that Temple was the Fabian Arch erected to Fabius the Censor who for the subduing of Savoy was called Allobrogus and there a statua was erected unto him Not farre from that arch was the * Puteale is a well or Pit Puteal of Libonus and the Antiquaries say it was called Puteale from a well adjoining to the Pretors Tribunall built by Libonus Here also is another Church dedicated to St. Cosino and St. Damiano which at first was wholy under ground and in regard of the dampishnesse thereof altogether impracticable but the late Pope Vrban the eight reduced it with a Massy pavement to a good condition and adorned it with pictures and other rich ornaments Some Antiquaries report that this Temple was in times past dedicated to Remus others to Romulus and others to Castor and Pollux it hath a gate of Brasse After this you will see the relicks of the most antient Temple of peace built by Vespasian where was an Arch called Latona and corruptly Ladrone Hereunto is adjoyning the Church of Santa Maria Nuova wherein lies the Body of St. Francesca Romana in the Garden of this Monasterie are the ruines of two antient edifices to be seen which some think were two Temples erected to the Sunne and Moon others to Concord and Esculapius and others to Isis and Serapis Within a little of this is the Emperor Titus his Arch which by the Ecclesiasticall writers was called Septem Lucernarum from a Candlestick there seen curiously engraven In the roof within is the image of Titus rarely cut Not far from this in that part of mount Palatine which stood on the sacred way was the Temple of Rome whose roofe was covered with sheets of Brasse that were carried to the Vatican Church by Pope Honorius the first Coming from under the said Arch go and see on the right hand the first Arch that was erected to Constantine the Emperor there are in it Imagerie and some statuaes whereof the heads were carried by Lorenzo Medici to Florence Marliano observes that the superior part of this Arch was made with the remaines of Trajans Arch. It is a probable opinion that here stood the old Curiae where the Priests inhabited Then next in your sight is the most stately Amphitheater of Titus Vespasian halfe ruined called il Colisseo more famous for the trophees acquired by the holy Martyrs then for the excellencie of the Fabrick The first that made a grant of the stones of this edifice was Theodoric King of the Goths at the request of the Roman people with these words Saxa ergo quae suggeritis de Amphithe atro longa vetustate collapsa nec aliquid ornatu publico jam prodesse nisi solas turpes ruinas ostendere licentiam vobis eorum in usus duntaxat publicos damus ut in murorum faciem surgat quod non potest prodesse si jacet But Paul the second pulling downe that part which looked to Saint Giovanni and to St. Paolo imployed the marble thereof in building of St. Marks Palace and afterwards Cardinall Rafaele Riario built with the same stones the Palace of the Chancerie at St. Lorenzo in Damasco and Cardinall Farnesse who was Paul the third built his Palace therewith in Campo di Fiore all of them as stately edifices as any Rome hath At this Colisseo began the Labican way which from the Church of St. Clemente and then from St. Pietro and St. Marcellino went out of Porta Maggiore to Labico a place not far distant from Rome which is thought to be called at this day Valmontone Keep on your course towards St. Giovanni Laterano which will lead you to the most antient Church of St. Clemente from whence go up on the right hand to Monte Celio and see the antient devout Church delli Santi quatro Coronati which was destroyed by the Emperor Henry the second and restored by Pope Paschall the second as also adorned with a most rich Chancell by Cardinall Millino on this point of the Mount is a Monasterie of Nunnes and of young orphan girles Further forward having past the Salviati Colledges Vineyard you will see on the left hand the devout little Church of santa Maria Imperatrice called in the antient book of rites and Ceremonies St. Gregorie in Martio from the near adjoyning conveyance of the water called Maria. Being parted from thence ascend up through a little street to St. Clemente for to go to the sette Sale a place now shut up and there take your way by the hill named delle Carine to the Monasterie of the Nunnes della Purificatione and to the Noble Temple of san Pietro in Vincoli surrounded with the relicks of the Emperor Titus his Baths and Palace In this Temple you will see saint Peters sacred Chains together with a Moses and other goodly statuaes the works of Buonarota Behind this same Temple in a Vineyard stands the reserve of the water of the Emperor Titus his Baths called the sette Sale worthy to be seen In the Piazza of the said Temple you will see a modern and faire Church of san Francesco di Paolo built by the Colledge of the Minimi Fryars and a little lower a modern Monasterie of Nunnes Afterwards descending enter into Vico Scelerato so called from the wickednesse committed by Tullia in riding in her Coach over the Body of her Father and go to a little Church of Santa Andrea seated in the place named Busta Galica from the bones of the Frenchmen there heaped up together as Varro writes and of the vulgar called in Portogallo where see the most delectable Garden of Cardinall Pio formerly belonging to
Aurelius Antonius Emperors The roof or vaulting thereof by reason of age and an Earthquake threatned ruine but it was repaired and covered in some places with lead by Eugenius the fourth and other succeeding Popes Observe the magnificence of the Portico in the quality and greatnesse of the pillars which measured with the Roman span are six spans 29. minuti thick the Gate of brass restored by Pius the fourth twenty spannes and two minuti wide the bredth of the whole Temple from one side to another being an hundred and ninety spannes and so much is the height thereof from the pavement to the mouth of the overture above It hath one onely light in the superior part thereof which is thirty six spannes and an half wide the thicknesse of the wall which compasseth the Temple is thirty and one spanns So the Chappell of St Gioseppe della Confraternita de vitruosi wherein are the Sepulchers of divers illustrious men as also the Chappell and Sepulture of Rafaele a'Urbino and so return back to your home The eighth daies Walk From la Piazza Nicosio to le Terme Dioclesianae BEgin your walk from the Clementine Colledge ercted by Clement the eighth in the Piazza Nicosia then go unto that part of Campo Marzo where the Palace of the great Duke of Toscan stands proceede on to the Palace of the Pallavicini now inhabited by Cardinal Palotta turning on the right hand enter into the street where the Palace of the Count of Marescotto is and so passe to Santa Croce de Montecitorio a Monastery of Nunnes to the Palace and Colledge dei Capranici in the Piazza whereof is the Church of Santa Maria in Acquiro with the House of the Orphans and the Colledge Salviati Go into the Piazza di Pietra which should be said dei Preti as Fulrio writes from the Priests who there dewelt in the antient edifice adorned with great chamfred Pillars which is thought to have been the Hall of the Emperor Antonius his house Further forward you will see the Hospitall of miserable mad-men and towards the Piazza di Sciarra you will passe to the Monastery of St. Jacomo delli Moratri then to the the Piazza della Fontana di Frev after that to the new Palace of Cardinal Carpegna and so go up to see the Pontificall Palace of Monte Cavallo with the Lodgings Gallerie Chappell 's and Garden thereof which was reduced into an Iland by the late Pope Urban the eighth From thence direct your course to the street which begins with the Monastery of the Nuns of Santa Maria Madalena towards the four Fountains in that street you will find the Monastery of the Capuchine Nunnes built where the Temple of Quirinus stood which was afterwards the Vineyard of Geronimo Genutio Auditor of the Chamber in the Papacy of Clement the seventh and made a Cardinal by Pope Paul the third As also St. Andrea where there is a very fair garden the Garden dei Beondi the house of the Carmelitans Spain with their Church St. Carlo de i Reformati Spagnoli de Riscatto built with the ingenious and excellent designe of Signor Francesco Borromini There turning on the right hand you will find the house delli Reformiti Francesi del Riscatto with their Church dedicated to St. Denis and will suddenly arrive at a little row of houses which stand in the valley of Quirinus so named from the Temple of Romulus called Quirinus A little beyond is the Church and Monastery of the Monks of Saint Norberto finally you will come to the Piazza where stands the Pyramid which was taken from Augustus his Mausoleum by the order of Sixtus Quintus Visit the Church of Santa Maria Magiore and labour to see the Vestry thereof and those other two of Sixtus Quintus and Paulus Quintus their Chappels observing the Mosaique work the statuaes pictures pillars shrines and sepulchers of the said Church Go to have a sight of Cardinal Montaltoes sumptuous Garden from the which passe to the Piazza of Dioclesians Baths which you will observe to have been most stately and were built by the Christians at the commandment of that Tyrant being afterwards converted into the Church and Monasterie of the Monks Certosini In the time of Clement the seventh were certain heads and fragments of statuaes of the Emperors found whereof some were carried into Campidoglio and others sent to Florence See the publick Granaries which Gregory the thirteenth Paul the fifth and Vrban the eight caused to be made with the Church first dedicated to St. Paul and afterwards upon the occasion of the victory at Prague called Santa Maria della Vittoria of the barefooted Carmelitan Fryars Sixtus Quintus his fountaine the Church and Monasterie of the Nunnes of Santa Susanna augmented by Cardinall Barberino the Church of St. Bernardo where is also the Convent of the Monks of the said Saint the Church of St. Cajo the Pope built by Urban the eight the Church della Santissima Incarnatione of the Barberinies Nunnes and the other adjoyning of the bare-footed Carmelitan Nunnes from thence go down and see the Barberinies Palace with the most stately Portico stairs and Hall curiously painted by Signior Pietro di Cortona and in it also you may enjoy the sight of Cardinall Barberino's great Library and beautifull Garden Over against this Palace is the Scotts Colledge built by Signior Jacomo Quorli a Florentine Gentleman for his own dwelling and afterwards bought by Clement the eight for the education of Scottish youth under the government of the Jesuites In the Piazza which heretofore was named dei Sforzi you will see the most goodly fountaines erected by the late Pope Vrban the eight with the design of Cavalier Bernino Direct your course then to Madonna di Constantinopoli to the Church dell ' Angelo custode and a little beyond them to the Palace of Cardinall Cornaro afterwards by the Piazza della Fontana di Frevi to the Convent and Church de Crociferi to the Palace of the Duke di Cere to the Church of Sti Maria in via with the Convent de Frati Serviti next you will see in the Piazza Collonna Antonius the Emperor Coclids pillar into which you may go up it is an hundred and seventy six foot high and hath two hundred and six steps which receive the light from six and fifty little windows In the same Piazza is the Church of S. Paolo della Padri Bernabites la Madonna della Pieta de Pazi the Palaces de Bufali de Veralli de gli Aldobrandini and also a beautifull fountain which Gregory the thirtenth caused to be made The Ninth daies walke From la Piazza Borghese to Porta Pinciana HAving past the Clementine Colledge go to see the Palace of the Prince Borghesse with the winding stairs of Bramantes doing and the pictures of Capuccino the Church of S. Girelamo de Schiavoni the Church and Hospitall of S. Rocco built in Augustus his Mausoleum which served for the Sepulture of the Emperors the Church
out of it to fight with the Curiatij It was brought into this place according to some by Claudius the Emperor who enlarged the wall of the Citty on this part unto St. Sebastiano's Gate it was also called Ostiense di San Paolo because it leads to Ostia and to the Church of the said Saint A little further on the left hand is a little Chappell from whence you are to go unto Monte Aureo and so within a while you will come to the Church of St. Paolo which was first built by Constantine the Emperor afterwards renewed by the Emperor Honorius and by Eudoxia the daughter of Theodosius and wife to Valentinian It stands upon fourscore and eight pillars of Marble in four rowes each pillar being but of one stone hath a very faire spatious Chancell adorned with most excellent antient Mosaick work as also a pavement of most fine polished Marble with a most majesticall Altar upon Arches supported by ten great pillars of Granite stone whereunto one ascends by two rows of marble steps under the midst of the Altar lies the Body of St. Paul and in the Portico are four holy Gates which are used to be opened sometimes one sometimes another in the year of Jubile This Church is governed with much religion and splendor by the Cassimensi Monks of Santa Justina introduced thereinto in the year 1425. by Pope Eugenius the fourth To the third Church of San Sebastiano In your way to San Sebastiano you will first of all see an antient Borough seated in the Appian way called Capo di Bove which though it be decayed the Wals of it only remaining yet doth it retain the antient splendor of that most antient and stately sepulture of Metella This and such like edifices built with infinite cost and incredible art were placed in conspicuous places and principall streets for the wonder of posteritie Then you will come to the Cirque which Antiquaries think was made by Antonius Caracalla in the midst whereof is an Obelisck lying broken on the ground with its Basis likewise overturned And so you will arrive at the Church of San Sebastiano wherein you may see the place called Catta combe from the which there is a way under ground to the Tombs of the Martyrs and thither did the Pope and Cardinals in the greatest persecutions repair to performe their functions To the fourth Church of St. Giovanni in Laterano From the aforesaid Church of San Sebastiano returne back into Rome by the said San Sebastiano's gate and turning on your right hand by the Citty Wall ascend the little hill called Celiolo in distinction from the other greater named Celio upon which you will see the Gate called Latina and going on still about by the Wall you will meet with the little brooke of Marana from the which passing by the Church of San Sisto you will arrive at the Church of San Giovanni in Laterano so called from the habitation of Plautius Lateranus a most noble Roman put to death by Nero under pretext of his conspiring against him In this Church built by Constantine the great is a most stately font wherein that Emperor was Baptised adorned with eight great pillars of Porphyrie with as many of white marble which support a little arched vault over it In this Font the Popes use twice a year namely at Easter and at Whitsontide to Baptize with with great solemnitie Neer to this Church those stairs commonly called Scale Sante being six and twenty in number divided into three rows and they be all of Marble and were brought as they say from Pilates house in Hierusalem In this Church also is the Chappel called Sancta Sanctorum where there is an intire Image of our Saviour which for its antiquity and devotion was cased up in silver by Pope Innocent the third To the fifth Church of Saint Croce in Gierusalmine FRom Saint Giovanni in Laterano you will in a little time arrive at the Church of Saint Croce which was built by Constantine the great and consecrated by Saint Silvester the Pope in it Helena the Mother of that Emperor built a Chappell named Jerusalem for that she brought thither a ships lading with Earth from the place where our Saviour was crucified no woman may enter into this Chappell but onely once in the year and that is upon the twelvth of March This Church is governed by the Monk of the Cistercien Order in whose Vineyard you may see the relicks of the Castrense Amphitheater as also those of Venus and Cupid To the sixth Church of Saint Lorenzo without the Walls FRom St. Croce keep on your right hand till you come to the City Gate called Maggiore whereof observe the antient Ornaments with the inscription of Tiberius Claudius Going from thence turne on your left hand which will lead you to the Patriarchall Church of Saint Lorenzo built in the place called Campo Verano from the Matron of that name who was famous for her piety and Religion Under the high Altar are the bodies of Saint Laurence and Saint Stephen Martyrs conserved with much splendor This Church is adorned with a pulpit of white Marble and most fair Ophir stones and at the door with a Sepulcher of Saint Eustatius of white Marble curiously carved It is governed by the regular Chanons and hee that goes to this Church every wednesday in the year shall deliver a soul out of Purgatory The seventh and last Church of Santa Maria Maggiore YOU must go to the Gate of San Lorenzo so called from his Church which is not far from it and entring into the City you must leave the street where you will see an Arch of Sixtus Quintus his water and keeping on the left hand you will come to Santa Maria Maggiore in whose Piazza Paul the fisth erected a Pillar taken from the Temple of peace It was called the Church of Liberio because it was built in the time of his Papacie and it is named Maggiore because it is such amongst all the Churches of the holy Virgin as also Sixtina from Sixtus the third who made it anew from the very foundation in the form that now it is This Church is adorned with forty marble pillars and over them in the midst of the body thereof are the figures of the old and new Testament in Mosaick worke done by the order of the said Sixtus the third and on the right hand over the door of the Belfrey is a most excellent piece of the Resurrection of Lazarus done in oile by Girolamo Mutiano There is also in it the stately Sepulcher of Pope Nicholas with his statua of white marble and many other extraordinary things which for brevities sake I omit Now for a conclusion you are to note that I have spoken of these Churches but cursorily and as it were by the way without mentioning the many Chappell 's shrines reliques indulgences altars statuaes pictures sepulchers antiquities and a world of other most rare rich and pretious things which are in all variety to be seen in them as will ocularly appear unto you when you come to review and exactly observe them to your no little admiration and marvail FINIS