three Hours which Christ hung on the Cross 17. Uncovering the Chalice and signing it five times with the Host to signifie the rending the Veil of the Temple c. 18. Pater Noster said with a loud Voice to signifie the seven Mystical Words spoke by our Saviour with a loud Voice on the Cross 1. Father forgive them c. 2. To day shalt thou be with c. 3. Behold thy Mother Woman behold c. 4. My God c. 5. I Thirst. 6. Into thy hands c. 7. It is finished 19. Laying down the Host upon the Corporal and then covering the Chalice again to signifie taking Christ down from the Cross 20. The Priest is silent for a time to signifie our Saviour's Rest in the Grave 21. The Host divided into three parts his Body broken and divided into Hands Side and Feet 22. Signing the Chalice three times again with a particle of the Host and raising his voice saying Pax Domini c. 23. Putting a particle of the Host into the Chalice to signifie the reuniting of our Saviour's Body and Soul 24. Saying aloud Agnus Dei qui c. 25. Pax or Kiss of Peace given before Communion 26. Ite missa est The Host is offered Mass ended c. 27. The Priest lifteth up his hands and blesseth the People N. The Missal is the Book wherein the Mass is contained 19. The Office of our Lady concerning which observe 1. The Book in which it is contained the Primer 2. The Parts 1. Hymns 2. Psalms 3. Canticles 4. Antiphones 5. Versicles 6. Responsories 7. Prayers 3. The Time viz. seven Hours several The time of our Saviour's Passion 4. The Contents 1. Matins and Lauds a Commemoration of his Bloody Sweat and binding in the Garden c. 2. The first Hour his being led through the Streets at Jerusalem with the Indignities c. 3. The third Hour whipping crowning with Thorns c. 4. The ninth Hour drinking Gall and Vinegar dying c. 5. The Evening-Song his taking from the Cross c. 6. The Compline his Burial 20. Festival-Days 1. Of Christ 1. His Nativity Christmass 2. Circumcision New-years-day 3. Epiphany Twelfth-day 4. Purification the Presentation of Christ c. Before Mass of that Day the Church blesseth the Lights for the whole Year and makes a Procession with hallowed Lights in the hands of all the Faithful 5. Transfiguration 6. Resurrection or Easter-Day from Oriens the East 7. Ascension 8. Corpus Christi-day in honour of the real Presence The Eucharist on this Feast during the Octave is exposed to be adored in all the principal Churches of the World and great Processions are made in honour of it 9. Four Sundays of Advent 10. Septuagesima Sexagesima Quinquag Quad. 11. Passion-Sunday to prepare us for the approaching Passion 12. Palm-Sunday on which Day the Church blesseth Palms and make a Solemn Procession the People bearing Palm-branches in their hands 13. Dominica in Albis Low-Sunday the Octave of Easter-Day because on that Day the Catechumens were solemnly divested in the Church of their white Garments 2. Of our Blessed Lady viz. 6. The Conception Nativity Presentation Annunciation Visitation and Assumption of our Blessed Lady 3. Pentecost or Whitsunday 4. Trinity-Sunday 5. Other peculiar days 1. The Feast of St. Peter's Chair at Antioch viz. his installing there 2. Of his Chair at Rome viz. his Translation from Antioch c. 3. Of S. Peter and S. Paul together 4. S. Peter ad vincula Acts 12. 5. Michaelmass a Church on that Day in Rome was Dedicated to S. Michael by Pope Boniface 6. The Apparition of S. Michael he appearing on Mount Garganus where by his own appointment a Temple was Dedicated to him 7. all-All-Saints to beg the Patronage of all together 8. All-Souls to pray Souls out of Purgatory 9. Ashwednesday the Priest blesseth Ashes on this day wherewith he signs the People with a Cross on their Foreheads saying memento homo remember Man that thou art dust and to dust c. 10. Mandy Thursday in memory of our Lord's last Supper when he washed his Disciples Feet So called from Mandatum Novum do vobis the beginning of the Antiphon The Bishops on this day begin the Ceremony of washing the Peoples Feet 21. Good Friday Add two Holy Rood-days viz. Invention and Exaltation 12. Three days of Tenebrae before Easter 13. Rogation-week a week of publick Prayer and Processions for the temperateness of the weather c. from Rogo c. 14. Quatuor Tempora Ember-weeks 21. Orders of Monks or Friers whose Officers are Prior Provincial and General c. 1. Monks of St. Basil who abstain from Flesh of which not many in the Church of Rome but many in the Greek Church 2. Austine Friers or Eremites or Friers Mendicants viz. The First Order Other Branches of them are 1. Monks of S. Hierom in Spain especially Their Robe a white Cassok under a Tawny Cloak 2. Carmelites or Jacobines or white Friers from the Colour of their Habit. 3. Friers of S. Cross Crouched Friers their Robe is watchet and in their hands they carry the Figure of the Cross 4. Dominicans or Friers Praedicant who are to Preach the Gospelin all parts of the World called also Black Friers from the Colour of their Habit and are the third Order of Friers-Mendicants 3. Benedictines whose Habit is a loose black Gown reaching to the Ground with a hood of the same an under Garment of white Woollen and Boots on their Legs Other Branches 1. Monks of Clugnia from Clugny in Normandy 2. Carthusians from Carthusia a Town in Dauphine They Eat no Flesh live by couples labour with their hands watch pray and never meet together but upon Sundays 3. Monks of Cisteaûx so called from a place in Burgundy called by us white Monks as the common Benedictines black Monks from their Habit which was a white Cassock girt with a woollen Girdle the rest black 4. Celestines from Celestine the 5th c. 4. Franciscans from S. Francis of Assis in Spoleto who profess absolute Beggary are to carry no money about them nor more Victuals than will for the present serve for themselves and brethren The chief branches of them are 1. Minors from their humility Cordeliers by the French from the knotty Cord which they use for a Girdle Grey Friers by the English from the colour of their upper Garment These are the fourth and last of the Friers Mendicants 2. Minims who keep always a true Lenten Fast unless in sickness their Robe is a Dark Tawny with a Hood of the same hanging to the Girdle 3. Capuchins from their Cowl or Capuch who are to spend all their time in prayer generally thought to be the most devout of all 5. Jesuits neither simply Lay nor Priests nor merely Secular nor Regular but all together who are to vow not only Poverty Obedience and Chastity as the rest but Mission i. e. to go upon command of the Pope or General on any hazardous
perform'd at Ispahan riding on Horse-back to the side of the River with all his Nobility M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 11. Bohemians Neither are we alone in this use viz. of kneeling at the Lord's Supper the Church of Bohemy allows and practiseth it Dr. Hall Gilolo and Amboina The Inhabitans here Circumcise by only slitting the Prepuce with a Cane provided for that use Packet broke open vol. 2. Persia The Persians dedicate their Children to their Saints Ibid. Sanchion In Sanchion there are several Monasteries of Idols to whom they Dedicate their Children and on Festivals Sacrifice Rams for their preservation ibid. Circassians The Circassians Baptize and Circumcise and indeed are composed of both Christians Mahometans Jews and Idolaters ibid. Loango They are Idolaters and Circumcise ibid. Guinea In Guinea the Priest sprinkles young boys with Water in which a Newt swims they also use Circumcision ibid. Madagascar In Madagascar they are Circumcised ibid. Mexico The Mexicans have among them a kind of Baptism viz. cutting the Ears and Members of young Children washing them presently upon their birth and putting a Sword in the Right Hand and a Target in the left this for Kings and Noble Mens Children But to the Children of the Vulgar they put the marks of their Callings and to their Daughters Instruments to Spin Knit and Labour Purchas Confession sorrow for Sin Mortifications c. Absolution Jews AT the Feast of Expiation or Attonement every morning during the Feast they thrice repeat this Confession O Lord thy People have sinned c. Instead of a proper Sacrifice because they want a place every Father of a House takes a Cock and waves it three times about his Neck c. About the middle of their Service they make an interruption and two by two step aside in the Synagogue and confess their Sins each to other he that Confesseth turns his Face Northwards and with great seeming Contrition bows his Body beats his Breast and readily submits his back to such stripes as his Friend will inflict who yet never exceeds the Number of 39. Dr. Addison Ancient Heathen Diamastigosis was a great Solemnity among the Lacedaemonians of which Tertullian makes mention in his Apolog. c. and Philostratus in the Life of Apollonius Tianaeus in which young Gentlemen were beaten with Scourges before the Altar Papists The Papists are bound to Confession at least once a year at or near Easter and to receive the Sacrament and to undergo the Penance Assign'd them by the Priest after which Penance the Bishop goes to the Church-door where the Penitent lies Prostrate on the ground saying Come ye Children hearken unto me I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Then he kneels and Prays for him admonishes him brings him into Church where he cuts his Hair and Beard lays aside his Penitential Robes puts on clean Clothes and receives the Lord's Supper Rosse Abassines The Abassines being of a soft and mild disposition for the most part so soon as they have committed an offence that is notable presently run to their Confessors and confessing that they have sinn'd desire to receive the Communion for the quiet of their Consciences Ludolph Some of the Abassine Monks have invented several ways of Afflicting their Bodies as for example To stand whole days together in cold Water To gird their Loyns with a heavy Chain To feed only upon Pot-herbs and Roots To thrust themselves into the Clefts of Trees and upon their closing again to suffer themselves to be buried alive Jo. Ludolph Armenians I staid at the Three Churches Egmiasin with the Patriarch three hours and while we were discoursing together in came one of the Monks of the Convent who had not spoken to any person whatsoever in 22 years by reason of a Penance that was imposed upon him Never did Man appear so meager and deformed but the Patriarch sent for him and by his Authority Commanded him to break silence which he did by speaking at the same time M. Tavernier l. 1. c. 3. Mahometans Some Santoes in Egypt go stark naked many of whom I have seen without the least rag to cover their Nakedness in Winter or Summer And suffer their Hair to grow as long as it can for greater mortification Go often to dine with the great Men of the City which is accounted a Blessing to the House but very Lascivious many Women kissing their Priapus with great Veneration M. de Thev Some eat Serpents Idem A Santo at Caire had a Turban as broad as a Milstone weighing half an hundred weight The weight of his Turban made him walk very softly Idem Heathens In Narsinga and Bisnagar Pilgrims resort to a certain Idol either with their Heads bound or Ropes about their Necks or Knives sticking in their Arms and Legs which Limbs if they Fester they are accounted Holy When their Idol is carried in Procession Pilgrims strive to be crushed to Death and when their Bodies are burned their Ashes are kept as Holy Relicks Some of them cut their Flesh in pieces and stab themselves with Knives to the Honour of this Idol Rosse In Ceylon or Zeilan some go on Pilgrimages a thousand Leagues eighteen Miles whereof they wade up to the middle in dirty stinking Water full of Blood-leeches and seven Leagues they clamber up a steep Mountain by the help of Nails and Thorns tied together and all this to visit a Stone on the top of this Hill having in it the print of a Man's Foot who they say came thither first to instruct them in Religion Near the Stone is a Springing water in which they Wash then Pray and with sharp-pointed Instruments cut their Flesh and draw Blood thinking thereby all their Sins are pardoned and God pleased Idem In New-Spain on the Feast of Penance and Pardon when they Sacrificed a Captive after much Adoration they took up Earth and eat it desiring Pardon for their Sins and bringing Rich Presents to their Idol and Whipping themselves on the Shoulders On this day much Meat is presented to the Idols and then to the Priests who five days before had eat but one Meal a day Idem The Southern Americans at an Eclipse Fast the married Women scratch their Faces and pluck their Hairs the Maids draw Blood with sharp Fish-bones supposing the Sun to be angry with them Idem The Gaurs in Persia preserve Cows-piss and compound it with a Water which they cause them to drink who have committed any Sin after they have been at Confession for it They call it the Cazi's Water which Urine ought to be preserved forty days with an Infusion of Willow-bark and certain Herbs When any Person is confessed if it be a Crying Sin the Party is to stay ten days in the Cazi's House and not to eat or drink but what the Priest gives him And in order to Absolution the Priest strips him naked and tyes a little Dog to his right great Toe which he leads with him about the Cazi's House where-ever he goes
services be accursed always without effect or success and blown away like Dust May they have the Curses of the Holy and Righteous Patriarchs Abraham Isaac and Jacob of the 318 Saints who were the Divine Fathers of the Synod of Nice and of all other Holy Synods And being out of the Church of Christ let no man administer unto them the things of the Church or bless them or offer sacrifice for them or give them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the blessed bread or Eat or Drink or Work with them And after Death let no man bury them in penalty of being under the same state of Excommunication For so let them remain until they have performed what is here written Paul Ricaut Esq Abissine A Form of Excommunication among the Abissines And let him be accursed by Addirion and Actariel by Sandalpkon and Hadarmel by Ansiciel and Patchiel by Seraphiel and Zeganzael by Michael and Gabriel and by Raphael and Meschartiel and let him be interdicted by Trantzeviv and Haweheviv He is the great God and by the seventy names of that great King and on the behalf of Tzortak the great Ensign-bearer c. Job Ludolph l. 3. c. 5. They as the Jews think to tertify with uncouth and harsh words Idem Mr. Ross saith that in answer to the Degrees of Excommunication among the Jews the Greeks had their 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Latins had their 1. Abstenti 2. Excommunicati 3. Anathemata N. B. Mr. Ricaut tells us that among the Greeks Excommunication is granted upon light occasions and is either expressive of the party with his name and condition or indenfinite of any person guilty of such crime Yet it is of high esteem and dread among them For they relate as sad and various stories of Judgments befallen the Excommunicated dying so as if they were still nourished in the Coffins and haunted the Countries as we do of witches Apostates are not received into the Church among the Greeks unless they have first sought it earnestly with tears and signifyed their desire by forty days fasting with bread and water and continual prayer night and day Those few Christians that after Apostasy to Turcism return do confess with extream danger of dying for it P. Ricaut Esq Western Christians In England we have several degrees or kinds of Censures as 1. Minor Excommunicatio exclusion from the Lord's Supper 2. Major Excommunicatio exclusion from the Society of Christians not only in spiritual duties but in temporal affairs and this if it continue 40 days is pursued with the King 's writ de excommunicato capiendo and then to prison without bail 3. Anathematismus for obstinate Heresy done by the Bishop Dean and Chapter 4. Interdictum a prohibition of all Divine offices Christian burial sacraments c. 5. Publick Penance the delinquent standing in the Church-Porch with bare head bare feet in a white sheet and a white rod in his hand c. See more in the present state of England part 2d Creeds Modern Jews Art 1. I Believe with a true perfect faith that God is the Creator whose name be blessed Governor and Maker of all Creatures and that he hath wrought all things and shall work for ever Art 2. I believe with a perfect faith that the Creator whose name be blessed is one and that such an unity as is in him can be found in no other and that he alone hath been our God is and for ever shall be Art 3. That the Creator is not Corporeal nor to be comprehended with any bodily properties and that no bodily essence can be likened to him Art 4. That the Creator is the first and last and that nothing was before him and that he shall last for ever Art 5. That the Creator is to be worshipt and none else Art 6. That all the words of the prophets are true Art 7. I believe with a perfect faith that the prophecies of Moses our master may he rest in peace were true that he was the Father and Chief of all the wise men that liv'd before him and shall live after him Art 8. That all the law which at this day is found in our hands was delivered by God himself to our master Moses God's peace be with him Art 9. The same law is never to be chang'd nor any other to be given us of God whose name be Blessed Art 10. That God whose Name be Blessed understands all the Thoughts and Works of Men As it is Written in the Prophets He fashions their Hearts alike he understands all their Works Art 11. That God will recompence good to those that keep his Commandments and will Punish those who transgress them Art 12. That Messiah is yet to come and although he retard his coming yet I will wait for him till he come Art 13. That the Dead shall be restored to Life when it shall seem fit to God the Creator whose Name be Blessed and Memory Celebrated world without end Amen The Creed Dr. Addison presents us with out of Sepher Ikkarim or Book of Fundamentals put in writing by Moses Ben Maimon a Corduba Jew A. D. 1104. And tho not set down in their Service-Book yet they begin their Mattins with it and utter it with a hollow tone different from the other Service Christians I Believe in God the Father Almighty maker of Heaven and Earth And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord Who was Conceived by the Holy Ghost Born of the Virgin Mary Suffered under Pontius Pilate Was Crucified Dead and Buried he Descended into Hell The third day he rose again from the Dead He ascended into Heaven And sits on the Right Hand of God the Father Almighty From thence He shall come to Judg the Quick and the Dead I Believe in the Holy Ghost The Holy Catholick Church The Communion of Saints The Forgiveness of Sins The Resurrection of the Body And the Life Everlasting Amen This is commonly ascribed to the Apostles as the first Compilers but by general Confession and Testimony of Ecclesiastical Writers is very Antient Saving that those words He Descended into Hell are not of so old a Date the first place it being found in being the Church of Aquileia in the Fourth Century Dr. Pearson Gaurs 1. I Believe in God maker of the World 2. That he sent Ebrahim zer-ateucht his Prophet Son of Azer a Carver by Trade and Doghdon who upon the appearance of an Angel overspreading her Face with a Celestial Light Conceived the Prophet aforesaid 3. That the Birth of this Child was known by Astrologers and told to the King Nebrout who thereupon caused all the Women with Child through all his Domininions to be slain 4. That this Child laugh'd so soon as he was Born because he was to Triumph in the Hearts of the People 5. That the Father in fear confessed to the King the King going about to slay the Child with a Sword his
4. Conc. Trid. A second Head of Cardinal Pool's Reformation was For the putting away of all FeAsting in the Festivities of the Dedication of Churches Dr. Burnet's Hist of the Reformation Mahometan Persian-Techrion el-avel 31. days 10th day of Rebiulewel is kept the Feast of Omar Reschdgiade in honour of an Illustrious Miller M. de Thev 12th day of this Moon Mahomet's Birth-day is celebrated by lighting Lamps round the Minarets Turkish-Rebiulewel ai 30. Days In the morning the Grand Seignior goes to the New Mosque where he causeth Sweet Meats and Sherbet to be brought from the Seraglio and after Prayers all eat and drink of them M. de Thev On this day the Poets make Sonnets in the praise of Mahomet which they rehearse publickly and are rewarded accordingly and Boys in Fez carry Wax Torches to School which they light before day and let them burn till Sun-rising all this while singing Mahomet's Praise Candles are on this day presented to the King of incredible height and bigness who that night hears all the Law read Ross Ancient Heathen Oct. 28. Mysteria minora 29. Libero Sacr. Nov. 1. Jovis Epulum Anthesteria seu Bacchanalia Sr. Thomas Herbert in his Travels in the E. Indies thought he found some remainders of this Festival in Casta as he guess'd by the dress mimic frisks and nightly pastimes the women practice There they covered themselves with skins adorn'd their heads had tresses with Ivy in one hand holding a leav'd Javelin and Cymbals of brass or Timbrels in the other attended by many boys and girls rambling like distracted people up and down and striving to rend the air with their continual clamours Sr. Tho. Herbert Modern Heathen Homespet amadum a feast on the 30 of Spindumu'd or Octob. Jewish 9. In Chisleu November December Chisleu 25. The feast of Dedication 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in remembrance of the Dedication of the Altar appointed by Judas Macchabeus as also of their deliverance from Antiochus and his Idolatry Vid. 1. Macc. 4.59 Joh. 10.22 It lasted seven days 28. A fast Jehojakim burnt the Roll which Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremy Scal. Ancient Christian Nov. 21. Vedenia priziste bogorodice or the oblation of the Blessed mother of God A Festival of the Muscovites Mr. Hales of Eaton in one of his Sermons complains we bring the Church and Kitchin together for when we celebrate the memorial of any Saint Apostle Martyr do we not call this solemnity their Feast and accordingly solemnize it with excess of cheer Stultum est nimia Saturitate honorare velle Martyrem Hierom. The Ancient Ethnics were wont to celebrate their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 feasts of Sobriety and fasting in the honour of their Drunken God Bacchus upon the like fancy Christians appoint Feasts in the honour of Temperate Saints The Church of Rome to this lap the relicks and ashes of Saints in silk and costly stuff and shrine them in silver and gold whereas when the Saints themselves were on Earth and their bodies living Temples of the Holy Ghost they would have thought themselves much wronged if any such costly ornaments should have been employed about them We think that God and the Saints are like us and taken with such things as please us Machiavel in the life of Castruccio Castracano a Gentleman of Luca tells that he delighted much in often feasting and being reproved answered If feasting were not a good thing men would not honour God and the Saints so much with it Lo here the natural consequences of Church-Feasts It is an Apology for Luxury It was a Custom in the Church in sundry places for all young and old upon the Vigils of the Martyrs to come together by Night and meet in Church-yards and Eat and Drink on the Tombs of the Martyrs Vigilantius reproved it and justly for nox vinum Mulier c. Night Wine and Women c. This put S. Hierom into a fit of Choler by common consent this Custom was laid down Mahometan Persian Techrion-el ilani 30 Days 26 of this Moon at Night Mahomet's Ascension to Heaven from the Alboraoh is celebrated as a great Festival Turkish Rebiul ahhir ai 29 Days Ancient Heathen Nov. 15. Ludi Plebei 24. Brumalia Dec. 1. Fortunae muliebris fest 3. Posidonia 5. Faunalia 11. Alcyonii dies 14. Brumalia Ambrosia Modern Heathen Medusan a Festival of the Persees kept on the 11th of Adebese or December This as all the other is kept in memory of the Creation or monthly benefits Sir Tho. Herb. 10. In Tebeth December January Jewish 8. A Fast The Law was written in Greek in the days of K. Ptolomy Darkness for 3 days over the world Scal. 4. Fast for turning the Bible out of holy Hebrew into profane Greek Dr. Addison 9. Our Masters have not written the Cause why this Day was marked for a Fast Scal. 10. A Fast Jerusalem was besieged by the King of Babylon Idem and Dr. Addison Ancient Christian Dec. 25. Rosostua Christoua the Nativity of Christ a Feast of the Muscovites Epiphany Christmas-day 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Naz. Orat. 38 Observe 1. The Time In January on Epiphany-day probably in the East Clem. Alex. saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So Lydiat in Emend Temp. Upon Advice from the West-Churches they changed it to Dec. 25. S. Chrysostome Serm. 31. Tom. 5. saith it was not above 10 years since in that Ghurch Antioch it began to be kept on that day and offers several reasons to prove that to be the day S. Ambrose Serm. 13. Length of nights had possessed the whole day had not the coming of Christ shined gloriously in the very shortness of days c. S. August Our Lord was born on the eighth of the Calends of January when the days begin to lengthen Aug. in Psal 132. et de Trin. l. 3. c. 5. So Orosius on the 8th of the Kal. of Jan. Oros l. 7. c. 2. S. Bernard Christ was born in the winter Bern. in Nat. Dom. Ser. 3. So Nicephorus Hist Eccl. l. 1. c. 12. Chemnitius Genebrard So the Arabian Persian and Syriac Churches Mr. Greg. Notes and Obs Soaliger H. Broughton Jacob Capella Alsted say Sept. or Octob. 2. The Antiquity In the 2d Century 't is mentioned by Theophilus Bishop of Caesarca Next by the Decretal Epistles but those suspected Next by Nicephorus H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 6. Who tells of Dioclesian burning a whole Church of Christians assembled to celebrate that Festival Dr. Brown in his Travels saith the Festivity of Christmas is observed at Vienna much after the same manner ceremonies and solemnity as in Italy p. 152. Jan. 6. Epiphany properly so called from the appearance 1. Of the star 2. The Trinity at Christ's baptism 3. The Divinity at Cana. Jan. 6. Bose Jaulenia or Chreschenia Epiphany A Festival of the Muscovites At Vienna the old Custom of chusing K. and Qu. was observed Count Lesly happened to be King the Emperor laid the Cloth and the Empress filled out
Faithful or the Revenues of the Church one part was to be allowed to the Bishop two parts for Church Repairs and the Poor and one for the Clerks or Clergy according to their Merits Idem Sum. Decr. Simpl. Pa. 6. That the offerings of such as did not receive the Lord's Supper as did oppress the Poor as laid violent hands upon themselves were not to be accepted Idem c. So also of such as had delivered up their Children to be Baptized by Hereticks Idem 7. That Oblations were not to be made in Lent Idem Mahometan The Mahometan Pilgrims in commemoration of Abraham's Sacrifice offer upon the Plain near Medina 400000 Sheep on the Day of the little Bairam M. de Thev Ancient Heathen 1. Obs the kinds of Sacrifices 1. Humane Sacrifices were offered to Saturn in Carthage c. To Jupiter Apollo Mars Neptune Bacchus Juno Diana Pallas Mercury Moloch c. Amongst the Romans Scythians Cauls Aegyptians c. And some Indians now 2. Beasts and Birds c. 1. White to the Supernal Gods 2. Black to the Infernal 2. A Bull to Jupiter Mars Apollo Neptune Luna the Heroes A Ram to Mars and Jupiter A Horse to Sol and Mars A Doe to Minerva and Pan. A Lamb to Juno and Faunus A Dove to Venus A Sow to Ceres and Cybele A Hog to Sylvanus A Cock to the Lares A He-Goat to Bacchus The Women prostituted their own Bodies to Venus at her Temple for the use of Strangers They must all be 1. Of Fair Colour 2. Free from blemish 3. Not used to Labour 4. Such as they had received no profit from They chose proper Garlands to adorn the Men Sacrifices Altars Vessels e. g. In the Service of Bacchus Myrtle Ceres the Oak Hercules Poplar Apollo Lawrel They chose proper Fewel for the Altars Myrtle for Venus Ash for Mars Oak for Jove c. Natalis Comes tells of Vengeance inflicted for improper Fewel out of Pausanias c. They used proper Seasons of Service In the Morning to the Spernal In the Evening to the Infernal Proper Places On the Plain to the Terrestrial On Hills to the Supernal In Grots and Caves to the Infernal Modern Heathen The East-Indians offer Sacrifice some of them to the Sea and generally to the Idol in their Pagods M. de Thev In Guinea c. if the Fishermen have not a good draught they present a Piece of Gold to the Priest to reconcile them to the frowning Saint who with his Wives makes a kind of Procession through the Streets smiting his Breast clapping his hands with a mighty noise 'till he come to the shoar where they cut down Boughs from certain Trees and hang them on their Necks playing on Timbrels then the Priest turns to the Wives and expostulates with them and throws Wheat and other things into the Sea as an Offering to the Fetisso View of the Engl. Acqu in Guinea c. In Pegu and Bengala the Idols are honoured with Lights continually burning before them Rosse In Goa they wash in a Cistern near the Idol and offer Rice Eggs c. Idem The Gaurs Kids Hens Pigeons In Malabar they Sacrifice Flowers and Cocks to their Idol In Narsinga the Pilgrims offer Gold Silver and Jewels to their Idol Idem In Virginia they offered Tobacco c. In Mexico c. Men. Idem Diabolical Witches give their Soul and Body to the Devil And permit the Devil to suck their Blood once in 24 hours And destroy the lives of as many as they can in Devotion to the Devil Glanvil In Amboyna they offer him Meat and Drink and light a Wax-Candle in a certain place of their Houses and if he comes not they eat most of the Consecrated Meat themselves Mandelslo The like they do in Ceylon Capt. Knox. 4. Purifications Washings c. Jewish PUrification by Water was long in use with the Jews though not Sacramental therefore they expected it at the coming of the Messiah John 1.25 They question'd not his Baptism but his Authority Godw. Antiq. To make a Woman-Profelyte of the Covenant was required Purification by Water and Oblation viz. two Turtles or Pigeons to a Male-Profelyte Circumcision together with Purification and Oblation Idem Purification was used 1. To Males before Circumcision 2. To Women-Proselytes of the Covenant 3. To Women after Child-birth as the Law requires Lev. 12. but with this difference among the Modern Jews That after the birth of a Daughter the Wife retires for 66 or 70 Days her Husband not being permitted to touch her Finger or Clothes or cut in the same Dish or drink in the same Cup with her 'till she hath been washt c. Dr. Addison 4. To Churches Vessels c. Ancient Christian Hither may be referred the Baptism of Christiaus which is a kind of Purification though we have spoken of it before in the Chapter of Sacraments as may also the Lord's Supper in which the Souls of true Believing Communicants are purified in the Blood of Christ that Lamb of GOD which takes away the sins of the World This is that Fountain which was open'd on purpose for sin and for uncleanness which purifies more than the Refiners fire or the Fuller's Soap But ordinarily Repentance is the Christian's purification and that which disposeth and makes us meetly qualified for the Ordinances before-mentioned both which are but declarative of this and supposed in the Judgment of Christian Charity both in Baptism and the Lord's Supper Other Purifications have been added in succeeding Ages by the Papists especially as 1. Purification or Dedication of Churches by Praying Sprinkling the Walls with holy Water and a bundle of Hysop the Clergy and People going about and singing the Bishop knocking the Door with his Crosier saying Lift up your heads O ye gates c. Then entering in with three Servants wishing Peace three times to the House then on his knees to the Altar and praying whilest the Clergy without sing the Litany who afterwards carry in the Relicks of the Saint to which the Church is Dedicated The Walls are painted Salt Water Ashes and Wine are exercised and mixt into which the Bishop having dipt his Thumb makes the sign of the Cross on the Altar Walls Pavement offers Incense blesseth the Church Preacheth c. all enter the Church singing c. 2. Of Altars by going about them 7 times and sprinkling them with Water and Hysop 7 times having first made 4 Crosses on the 4 Horns of the Altars 3. The Putinae the Corporal Chalice Linnen Pix Fonts Crosses Images First-Fruits Holy-Water Salt Church-Yard Bells Easter-Tapers Chests wherein the Relicks of the Saints are kept c. And these Purified or Consecrated with Prayers Washing Crossing Ancinting Incense c. Mahometan The Turks have two kinds of Ablutions 1. Gousl viz. a general washing of the whole body after lying with their Wives Nocturnal Pollution Urine or any Unclean Thing touching them 2. Abdest viz. only of the Hands always before Prayers 3. After easing of
and true Blood c. 5. Then he delivers Bread by it self and Wine mingled with Water to represent the Water and Blood that issued out of our Saviour's side 6. They admit Children of 7 Years to this Sacrament F. Simon 7. The Bread is leaven'd with a Cross on it Abyssins They receive some Weekly some Monthly but always at Church Fasting and towards the Evening on Fasting-Days They never spit that Day on which they receive In crowded Churches Priest and Sub-Priest Deacon and Sub-Deacon all help and read Several Prayers at the use of several Vessels and variety of Actions Some bring Offerings Bread Oil c. to be distributed to the Poor They administer in both Kinds to both Clergy and Laity and have been very angry with the Latines for denying the Cup to the Laity Lud. They admit not the Doctrine of Transubstantiation or real presence but when the words of their Liturgy are objected e. g. Lord now lay thy hand upon this Dish bless it and Sanctifie it that so thy Body may be made Holy therein And again Convert this Bread that it may become thy pure Body which is join'd with this Cup of thy most precious Blood c. They answer Retzitze nagare vet i. e. 'T is a nice business Or Mastar vet i. e. 't is a Mystery In short one Gregory a Native of Abyssinia told my Author Ludolphus That his Countrey men were not so scrupulous Ludolph Georgians 1. They Consecrate in wooden Chalices 2. They give the Communion to Children when dying 3. Others at Age receive but seldom 4. They carry the Sacrament to the Sick without Light or Attendance 5. On some Holy-days the Priests together assist at the Mass of the Bishop who gives them the Sacrament in their hands and they themselves carry it to their Mouths Christians of St. John 1. They use Flour kneaded with Wine and Oil. 2. They use no other form of Consecration then only some long Prayers to praise and thank God at the same time blessing the Bread and VVine never making mention of his Body and Blood 3. The Priest takes the Bread and having eaten some of it distributes the rest to the People M. Tavern v. post Mengrelians The Papa's of Mengrelia keep the Eucharist in a little bag of Leather or Cloth which they tie to their Girdle and carry it about them whithersoever they go to be made use of upon occasions when they are to give the Viaticum to the Sick Yea they give it to others Men or VVomen to carry c. Armenians 1. They use leaven'd Bread 2. They mingle no Water with their Wine 3. Consecrate in wooden and earthen Dishes 4. Give the Communion to Children and at Weddings to the Married couple 3. They never Communicate without singing and playing on great Cymbals called Hambarzon D. of Holst Emb. But now saith Tavernier they spare no cost to adorn the Choir and Altar you tread upon rich Carpets c. From the Body of the Church to the Choir is usually an Ascent of 5 or 6 Steps Nestorians They consecrate in leaven'd bread They put into their bread salt and oyl using a great many prayers Indians 1. They Communicate on Holy Thursday and other Festivals 2. They use no other preparation then coming to the Sacrament fasting Others say 3. They consecrate with little Cakes made with oyl and Salt which the Deacons and other inferior Church-men baked in a Copper vessel singing several Psalms and Hymns whilst they were a baking And when they are ready to Consecrate through a hole in the floor of that little Tower wherein they baked they let the Cake in a little basket made of leaves slide down upon the Altar 4. Their wine is only water with dry grapes infused 5. He that serves at Mass wears a Stole over his ordinary cloaths tho no Deacon 6. The same hath always a Censer in his hand and saith almost as many prayers as he that Celebrates Cophties 1. They never Communicate in private places 2. The Priest at Communion breaks the bread in form of a Cross and puts it into the wine eating 3 morsels and drinking 3 spoonfuls 3. They consecrate in leaven'd bread which they call Baraca i. e. benediction before consecration and Corban or Communion afterwards 4. They use little loaves as big as a Crown piece whereof they bake many the night before the Liturgy and at the end of Mass distribute them to those who have been present 5. They use not Tavern-wine as prophane but private or water with raisins infused 6. They never confess or Communicate but in Lent 7. They Communicate in both kinds 8. They give wine in a spoon 9. They give the Communion to children after baptsim 10. Vanslebio reports that at the Elevation of the Host they knock their breasts cast themselves on the ground make the sign of the cross and move their cap a little F. Sim. Maronites 1. They consecrate with unleaven'd bread tho probably this but of late since their submission to Rome Abyssins 1. The Abuna Papas or Metropolitan Consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria and sent out of Egypt They take Ordination many times with Tears in their Eyes by reason of the Turkish Vexations Their only Qualification is only to be able to read Arabic The Fathers of the Society tell us of a sad tool in their time a Miller Of these there are Four of equal Power and Dignity No Bishops nor Arch-bishops 2. Icegue the Governor of the Monks 3. Comos Overseers of the principal Churches 4. Depterat or Canons who look to their Musick 5. Nebrat or Dean 6. Kasis or Priest 7. Sub-priest 8. Deacon 9. Subdeacon All carry a Cross in their hands Georgians They Confess twice in their Life 1. At Marriage 2. Death Their Confession is in three or four words Muscovites Before the Sacrament they Confess in the midst of the Church before an Image all their Particular Sins at every sin expressing remorse and promising Amendment Absolution is granted with the Assignation of certain Penances as saying Gospodi Pomilui several times making several reverences before the Saints abstaining from Women for a time standing at the Church-door using of Holy Water which the Priests Consecrate on Twelfth-day and not to be had of them for nothing this water they think hath the vertue to cleanse them from all their sins D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. Ahassins Account confession one of their seven sacraments But they neither confess the number nor the particular species of their sins but cry in general I have sinned I have sinned absan absan Insomuch that when the Roman Priests press'd them to particular confession they never acknowledged any more then three if they had been guilty Homicide Adultery and Theft The offender is absolved in few words together with some gentle stripes upon the side with an Olive Twig but for those great crimes before mention'd they are many times severely scourged Ludolph The Metropolitan sometimes hears
High Creator of all things That the Bishop reads Prayers over the Child in Church before the Baptism and in the River at Baptism while the Godfather plunges the Child three times all over and then to Feasting Papists 1. Doctrines according to the Council of Trent I N. do with a stedfast Faith believe and profess all and every Point contained in the Symbol of the Faith that the Holy Roman Church doth use viz. To believe in God the Father Almighty Maker of Heaven and Earth of all things visible and invisible And in one Lord Jesus Christ the only begotten Son of God and born of the Father before all Worlds God of God Light of Light True God of True God begotten not made of the same Substance with the Father by whom all things were made who for us Men and for our Salvation came down from Heaven was Incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary and was made Man was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate suffered and was buried and rose again the third day according to the Scriptures and ascended up into Heaven sitteth at the right Hand of the Father and he shall come again with Glory to judge both the Quick and the Dead of whose Kingdom there shall be no end and in the Holy Ghost the Lord and Giver of Life who proceedeth from the Father and the Son who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified who spake by the Prophets and one Holy Catholick and Apostolick Church I confess one Baptism for the Remission of Sins and I expect the Resurrection of the Dead and the Life of the World to come Amen I do most stedfastly admit and embrace the Traditions of the Apostles and of the Church and all other Observances and Constitutions of the same Church I do likewise admit the Holy Scripture according to that Sense which our Holy Mother the Catholick Church hath holden and doth hold unto whom it doth appertain to judge of the True Sense and Interpretation of the Holy Scriptures neither will I ever understand nor interpret the same otherwise than according to the uniform consent of the Fathers I do also profess that there be truly and properly Seven Sacraments of the New Law and necessary for the Salvation of Mankind although they be not necessary for all Men viz. Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Pennance Extream Unction Orders and Matrimony and that these Sacraments do give Grace and that of them Baptism Confirmation and Orders cannot be reiterated without Sacrilege I do also receive and admit all the received and approved Ceremonies of the Catholick Church in the Solemn Administration of all the aforesaid Sacraments I do embrace and receive all and every of those things which in the Holy Council of Trent have been defined and declared touching Original Sin and Justification I do profess also that in the Mass is offered unto God a true proper and propitiatory Sacrifice for the Quick and Dead and that in the most Holy Sacrifice of the Altar there is truly really and substantially the Body and Blood together with the Soul and Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ and that there is made a Conversion of the whole Substance of Wine into the Blood which Conversion the Catholick Church doth call Transubstantiation I do also confess that under either kind only is received Christ whole intire and the True Sacrament I do constantly hold that there it Purgatory and that the Souls which be there detained are holpen by the Prayers of the Faithful Also that the Saints who reign together with Christ are to be worshipped and called upon and that they offer up Prayers to God for us and that their Relicks are to be worshipped I do most stedfastly affirm that the Images of Christ of the Mother of God always Virgin and of other Saints are to be had and received and that due Honour and Reverence is to be given to them I do affirm that the Authority of Indulgencies was left by Christ in the Church and that the use of them is very behooveful to Christian People I do acknowledge the Holy Catholick and Apostolick Roman Church to be the Mother and Mistress of all Churches and do promise and swear true Obedience to the Bishop of Rome who is the Successor of St. Peter Prince of the Apostles and the Vicar of Jesus Christ All other things defined and declared by the Holy Canons and Oecumenical Councils and chiefly by the Holy Council of Trent I do undoubtedly receive and profess And also all contrary things and whatsoever Heresies condemned rejected and accursed by the Church I likewise do condemn reject and accurse This True Catholick Faith without which no Man can be Saved which now I do willingly profess and hold I the same I. N. do Promise Vow and Swear to hold and confess most constantly by God's help intire and uncorrupted even to the last end of my Life and to procure as much as shall lye in me that my Subjects or those of whom I shall have care in my Office shall accordingly teach and preach the same So God help me and these Holy Gospels of God Dr. James Library-keeper of Oxford out of Lewis de Grenado 's Sp. Doctrine 2. Vsages and Ceremonies and Traditions 1. In publick Prayers they use the Latine-Tongue 2. In the Commandments they make the First and Second One and divide the Tenth into Two 3. They distinguish Sins into 1. Mortal by which only they say the Commandments are broken which are 1. Pride 2. Covetousness 3. Leachery 4. Anger 5. Gluttony 6. Envy 7. Sloth 2. Venial Not contrary to the end of the Commandments i. e. to Charity e. g. an idle Word an officious or jesting Lie stealing of a Pin or Apple c. not killing but disposing to mortal Sin 4. They say 't is possible necessary and easie by the assistance of God's Grace to keep all the Commandments 5. That mortal sin is remitted by 1. Hearty Penance 2. Contrition 6. That venial sin is remitted by 1. All the Sacraments 2. Holy-water 3. Devout Prayer c. 7. The punishment Of mortal sin is Hell for ever 7. The punishment Of venial sin is Purgatory 8. That there are six Sins against the Holy Ghost 1. Despair of Salvation 2. Presumption of God's Mercy 3. Impugning the known Truth 4. Envy at others known good 5. Obstinacy in Sin 6. Final Impenitence 9. That there are four crying Sins 1. Wilful Murder 2. The Sin of Sodom 3. Oppression of the Poor 4. Defrauding VVork-men of their VVages 10. There be three principal Counsels of Christ to his Church 1. Voluntary Poverty 2. Perpetual Chastity 3. Obedience to another's will in all that is not Sin 11. There be six Commandments of the Church principally 1. To hear Mass on all Sundays and Holy-Days if opportunity serve 2. To Fast 1. Lent 2. Vigils commanded 3. Ember-Days and Fridays by custom of England 4. To abstain from Flesh on Saturdays 3. To confess
or Sphara the Ball. Discus the Quoite Harpastum Halteres throwing the Bar c. Petaurum the Wheel Trochus the Top. Par Impar Even and Odd Children Plays Note That at such Games especially as were instituted in honour of the Gods they began and ended with Sacrificing to the respective Divinities Galtruch l. 3. c. 6. Christians Lyra out of Hostiensis reckons up Nine Circumstances all deadly Sins for which he Condemns the Game of Dice Lyra ad Praecep 7. Expos 3. Concerning which as also concerning Quoites Bowling Tennis Cards Tables Chesse consult Gattaker in his very learned Treatise of the Nature and Vse of Lots who cites many Testimonies of Authors Laws and Canons concerning them and determines very judiciously of the Use of them Concerning Hunting Vid. Concil Agathense Epaunense Decret Nicolai Papae Episcopi ab omnium bestiarum vel volucrum venatione penitus alieni c. D. 34. C. 1. De Spectaulis Theatri Vid. Augustini Confessiones Carruzae Sum. Concil Mahometans Alamin a Turkish Chalif mightily addicted to Drink and Gaming when Bagdad the Seat of the Empire was besieged by Taher his Brother Almamon's General was playing at Chesse Ludo Schachico and being admonished about it made answer Let me alone Jam enim apparuit mihi contra Cutherum famulum Schamat i. e. perplexum esse Regem and at last being worsted in the Siege made his escape by swimming over into a Garden wherein he ended his Life with a Stab Hottinger Mutazzus another Chalif given over to Drink and Chesse having first abdicated the Chalif-ship died afterward in a Cave where neither Meat nor Drink was allowed him for three days Idem Muhammed Abu Abdalla Muhtadis Billa forbid the use of Wine Singers and Jesters commanded Fortune-tellers to be banished and drove away Lions and Hunting-dogs Idem See more in the Chapter of Frugality Saints Jewish NOt to mention Abraham whom they boasted with a loud voice for their Father nor the rest of the Patriarchs and Prophets they have other Rabbies or Doctors of a later Date which they have a mighty Veneration for As 1. Simeon the Just or Hazzadik 312 Years before our Saviour 2. Sadoc his Successor who lived under Antigonus Sochaus and who gave Name as some think to the Sadducees 3. Baithos who was his Fellow-Scholar and gave Denomination to the Baithoseans 4. Hellel and Sammai Doctors of the Pharisees 5. Judas a Galilean from whom came the Galileans or Gaulonites whose Doctrine was That only God was to be accounted their Lord and Prince 6. Rechab 7. Elxai a Rabbi of the Ossens esteemed by his Followers a secret Virtue or Power c. 8. Marthus and Marthana two Women of the same Stock Successors of Elxai and Heirs of his Honour worshipped in Iturea and about the Dead Sea for Gods Purchas out of Epiphanius The Sampseans had Elxai and his Posterity in such honour that if they went abroad the People would gather up the Dust of their Feet for Cures as also their Spittle and used them for Amulets and Preservatives Idem 9. Simon of whom the Simonians 10. Cleobins of whom the Cleobians 11. Dositheus of whom the Dositheans a Sect of Samaritans 12. Gortheus Masbotheus c. of whom the Gortheans and Masbotheans c. To these may be added many others which they had in great esteem As 13. Rabbi Akkiba famous for his Wisdom for his 24000 Scholars and for his long Life 14. R. Schelomoh Jarchi a French-man 15. R. Nathan Baal Aruch who wrote the Talmud Lexicon 16. Rambam so called from the initial Letters of R. Mosche Barmaimon 17. Aben Ezra that wrote upon the whole Bible 18. R. David and Mosche Kimchi Brethren and learned Grammarians 19. R. Joseph Molchu Burnt at Mantua for endeavouring to perswade his Religion upon Charles the 5th and other Great Persons c. Papists Amongst the Papists are many Canonized for Saints and to give a List and History of them all would take up a Volume I shall therefore only give my Reader a short Scheme of some of them with the particular Vertues and Offices appropriated to them Places S. James for Spain S. Denys for France S. George for England and Germany S. David for Wales S. Patrick for Ireland S. Peter and Paul for Rome S. Ambrose for Milan S. Mark for Venice Three Kings for Colen Arts. S. Gregory and S. Catharine for Scholars S. Luke for Painters S. Cosmus and S. Damianus for Physicians S. Eulogius for Smiths S. Crispin and Crispianus for Shoe-makers S. Guiman for Taylors S. Guare for Potters S. Eustachius for Hunters S. Magdalen and S. Afra for Whores Diseases S. Sebastian and Roch for the Plague S. Flaccius for the French Pox. S. Petronella for the Feaver S. Wolfgang for Contractions S. Mark for Suddain Death S. Valentine for the Falling-Sickness S. Margaret for Child-birth S. Leonard for Captives S. John and Benet for Poyson S. Anastasius for the Head-ach S. Otilia for Sore Eyes S. Apollonia for the Tooth-ach S. Blase for the Neck S. Erasmus for the Belly S. Briccius for the Privities Cattle S. Wandline for Sheep S. Eulogius for Horses S. Pelagius for Kine S. Antony for Swine Fruits c. S. Judocus for Fruits S. Vrban for Wine Elements S. Agatha For the Fire S. Nicholas for the Sea S. Valesian and S. Theodore for Tempests Besides these they have innumerable others All the Apostles Martyrs Confessors Monks Hermits Nuns as many of them at least as were Eminent in their Generations for real or pretended Excellencies as S. Antony S. Giles S. Christopher S. Fabian S. Dominick S. Francis S. Ignatius Loyala c. S. Gertrude S. Bridget S. Clare S. Winifride c. As the Pantheon served the old Romans for all the Gods so the Papists have converted the same to the Service of all-Saints under the Name of S. Mary And because they are so many that there could not be allowed particular Churches and Days for them therefore in that Church on the First of November is celebrated the Memory of them all together When I was in Britain I saw S. Thomas Becket's Tomb laden with innumerable Jewels and of very great Value beside a great deal of Wealth Erasmus Muscovites 1. S. Nicolas is their Great Tutelar Saint which is the same I think with him they call Nicholas Sudatwiritz who hath writ certain spiritual Treatises for whose Memory the Muscovites had so great a Veneration that not long since they lighted Wax-Candles before his Picture for which they had built a particular Chappel in the great Street at Moscou which leads to Twere-gate but 't was destroyed lately by Fire D. of Holstein 's Emba Trav. 2. S. Anthony of whom they say that he came from Rome into those parts down the Tiber and cross the Sea upon a Milstone and so to Novogrod where they shew the Milstone to this day that by the way he bargained with certain Fisher-men for the first draught of Fishes which proved to be a
chest full of Priests Vestments to say Mass in Books and Money belonging to the Saints and that afterwards he built a Chappel there in which they say he lies interr'd and that his Body is there to be seen as intire as when he departed this world Travels of the D. of Holstein 's Embass p. 38. They have an infinite number of Saints besides The Priest at Baptism assigns every Child a particular Saint whose Image he delivers to the God-fathers and charges them to oblige the Child when he is come to years of discretion to have a particular Devotion for his Patron Idem Those who commit Sins deserving Excommunication are oblig'd to have their Saint taken away even out of their Churches as well as their Persons Great Persons and rich Merchants adorn their Images with Pearls and other precious Stones Idem All Muscovites look upon them as things so necessary that without Images they cannot say their Prayers which when-ever they do they always set Wax-Candles before their Saint and look stedfastly upon him Idem At first coming into a House the Guest always looks for the Saint with a Jest le Boch i. e. Where is the God And then he makes a very low reverence to it with a Gospodi Pommilui i. e. Lord have mercy upon me and then turns to the Guests Idem Armenians 1. S. Gregory 2. A Princess That came with 40 Virgins of Quality to visit S. Gregory whom afterwards an Armenian King caused to be thrown into a Well of Serpents where she lived 14 Years and received no harm and from that time to this they say that Serpents that breed thereabouts are not hurtful Monsieur Tavernier l. 1. c. 4. There is a Church dedicated to her in Egmiasin Idem Abissinians The Abissines reckon up nine Monks or Religious Persons more famous than others that came out of the Roman or Greek Empire probably out of the Neighbouring parts of Egypt who seated themselves in Tygra and there erected their Chappels but their Names were all changed except that of Pentaleontes they are number'd in this Order 1. Abba Aragawi otherwise called Michael of whom one of their Poets thus Peace be to Michael Aragawi nam'd Wisdom his Life his Death true Prudence fam'd With him was God the Holy Three in One To all those Saints an Everlasting Crown Why by their Prayers true Concord did enjoy That they might Arwe 's Kingdom quite destroy i.e. The Serpents for the Ethiopians worshipp'd a Serpent as supream 2. Abba Pantaleon 3. Abba Garima 4. Abba Alef 5. Abba Saham 6. Abba Afe 7. Abba Likanos 8. Abba Adimata 9. Abba or otherwise called Abba Guba There are to be seen still the Cells where these Holy Men sequestred themselves by the names of Beta Pentaleon Saint Pentaleon's House c. Besides these there are several other Great Doctors who have higly merited for propagating the Christian Religion as also many Martyrs frequently celebrated by the Ethiopians and Copticks in their relgious Panegyricks But as to their Saints they relate of them several things extraordinary and incredible as The removing Mountains Appeasing the rage of tempestuous Seas Raising the Dead Causing Water to spring out of Rocks Walking over Rivers Riding upon Dragons and Lyons as on Horses Giving their whole Raiment to the distressed Living three whole days on three little Dates or one little dry Bisket But none more Renowned for his Sanctity then Gabra-Menfus-Keddus or the Servant of the Holy Ghost in honour of whom they keep a Holy-day every Month. Next to him is Tecla Haimonot or the Plant of Faith who restored the Monastical way of living in Ethiopia about A. C. 600. Job Ludolph's Hist of Ethiopia Concerning this Man mention is made in their Church Registers thus Remember Lord the Soul of thy Servant Tecla Haimonot and all his Companions No less esteem'd is Eustathius another Abbot of theirs c. Idem Mahometans The Mahometans especially the Persians have many Religious or rather Superstitious Santoes amongst them 1. Some who go stark naked Vid. Sorrow for Sin 2. Some who eat Serpents 3. Some who wear great Turbans c. 4. Some who spend whole Nights in Praying and Singing v. Praise 5. The most noted are the Dervises who live in Common and have their Superiors as our Religious mean in their Apparel wearing on their Heads a Cap of white Felt like our Night-Caps Every Tuesday and Friday they make a Dance pretty pleasant to see in a great Hall which is their Mosque the middle whereof is railed in square leaving a space all round for them that are without within the Enclosure is the Keble where are two Pulpits joyned together on a Foot-stool into the one goes the Superiour turning his Back to the South and his Vicar into the other over against them at the other end of the Hall without the Rails are the other Dervises playing on Flutes and Drums after some Prayers sung together the Superior reads a little of the Alcoran explained in Turkish then the Vicar a few words of the Alcoran in Arabic which serve as a subject for the Superior to make a Discourse upon afterwards in Turkish after Sermon the Superior and Vicar and the rest of the Dervises take two turns about the Hall while one sings some Verses of the Alcoran in a pleasant tone after that all their Instruments play in consort and then the Dervises begin their Dance they pass before their Superior salute him humbly then making a Leap fall a turning round with their naked Feet their Left Foot serving for a spindle they turn without weariness tho' sometimes old Men this is done to the sound of Drums and Flutes The Author of this Dance was one Hezreti Mewlana a Derviso reckon'd a Saint among them M. de Thev Many other sorts of Santoes they have Enough in Egypt to man out several Gallies Idem Formerly a Turkish Basha sent several of these lazy Lubbards to the Gallies for the Turks have no such great Esteem for them Dead Santoes are interr'd upon the High-ways and on Bridges and when the Moors find any of their Sepulchres they ask leave of the Saints within to go that way The chief of the dead Santoes in Egypt is Sidi Ahmet el Bedoni buried at Meniteganir in the Isle of Delta in Egypt near Rosetto where People that come to the Fair on July one 9th pray at his Grave and perform his Devotion This Saint they say never knew Woman only lay with his own She-Ass They say also that a certain Basha offering to take away his Privileges the Saint entreated him but not prevailing he turn'd up his Cap a little that the point might encline to one side Thou wilt not then said he to the Basha let me enjoy my Priviledge the Basha answer'd No This was done three times his Cap and the Basha's Castle turning still side-ways till at last the Basha in a great fright assured him that he would preserve his Priviledges Idem At the Fair
quench'd with Wine the Bones being gather'd together were sprinkled with Wine and washed with Milk till separated from the Ashes and then perfumed and put into the Urn and buried 12. At the Funerals of great Persons there were Ludi called Novendiales 13. There were Suppers 1. Coena feralis a sorry one usually sent in by the Friends of the Dead and dress'd by Coquus Nundinalis as Plautus calls him and cast into the Funeral Fire to the Dii manes and burnt with the Body 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Drinking prepared for those that come from the Funeral back to the House of Mourning 3. Silicernium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 this was set down at the Grave 4. Epulum Novendiale the more solemn Entertainment Dr. Holyday Illustr on Jav and Persius 14. They strewed Flowers on the Sepulchre and planted them on the Graves and this sometimes yearly Modern Heathens The Funerals of the Bannyans in East-India are of the old stamp burning the Corps to Ashes in a holy fire compounded of all sorts of costly Woods and Aromatick Spices the Wife also in expectation to enjoy her Husband amongst incomparable pleasures invelops her dainty Body with the merciless Flames for which affection she obtains a living Memory The reason of which custom was the spite of former Wives in poysoning their Husbands which gave occasion to their Prince to make such a Law That the Wife should be burn'd with the Husband as Sir Tho. Herbert in his Travels tells us out of Aelia and St. Hierome In Angola they bury thus the Dead is wash'd painted apparrell'd and laid to sleep in a spacious Dormitory his Armolets Bracelets and voluntary Shackles accompany him they circle the Grave with Mimic Gestures and Ejaculations concluding with the Sacrifice of a Goat Sir Th. Herbert and Rosse The Persees put the Body into a Winding-sheet as they go to the Grave the Kindred beat their Breasts all the way but with little Noise till they come within fifty or an hundred paces of the Burial-place where the Herbood meets them usually attired with a yellow Scarfe and on his Head a thin Turbant the Bearers carry the Corps upon an Iron Bier for Wood being Dedicated to the Fire is forbid to a little shed where after some mysticks acted they hoise it up to the Top of a Round Building about 12 Foot high and 80 in circuit flat above and open to the Air and expose the Carcass to the Sun and Ravening Birds Sir Th. Herb. Lucian in his discourse de Luctu hath this observation The Greeks burn The Persians bury The Indians Besmear with hogs-grease The Scythians eat or hang upon Trees The Egyptians powder with salt and spices to preserve from putrefaction The Romans Embalm The Gangetiques drown The Narsingans immure The Brachmans expose to birds The Bactrians to dogs c. Sir Tho. Herb. Travels The Gowhers Heathens in Spahawn put their dead upright in a hollow Tree The Indian Christians thus 1. The Priest is sent for to pray and administer the Eucharist if desired 2. The sick takes a long Farewell of wife children c. 3. The Survivors rather joy then mourn 4. The Corps is washed and wrapt in clean linnen 5. Friends carry it to the grave and place the head West with respect to Jerusalem or else local Paradise 6. Five days after they visit the family feast and fast as we accustome Idem The Inhabitants of Casta in E. Ind. place the Carcass in a deep long narrow Gave or else between two walls built on purpose where the simple Relict immures her self voluntarily and dies by famine A most formidable death Idem The Inhabitants of Japan in mourning wear white Idem The Chinese 1. Wash perfume and apparel the Corps with his best cloaths 2. Cover his Head and set him in a chair 3. The wife and Children come in and kiss him according to their Seniorities and Kindred also kneeling down and kissing the dead man's hand with ejaculations beating their breasts and tears 4. The Third day Coffin him Cover him with silk and set up his picture 5. For 15 days the Corps rest the Priests feast offer sacrifice burn incense 6. The Widow and Children mourn for 3. years not seen to joy in any thing In like manner the Inhabitants of Japan invocate their Mannadaes Muscovites 1. When the sick is departed the Relations stand about the body and excite one another to bemoan him asking the Deceased why he would die Were his affairs in a good condition Did he want meat and drink Was not his wife handsom or young enough Or not faithful to him c. 2. They send a present of Beer Hydromel and Aqua-vitae to the Priest that he may pray for the Soul c. 3. They wash the Body put on a clean Shirt and new Russia-Leather Shoes and lay him in the Coffin with his Arms Cross the Breast 4. The Coffin made of the Trunk of a Tree is covered with a Cloth or some Coat of the Deceased and carried to Church with this Solemnity and Order 1. First the Priest carrying the Image of the Saint assign'd the Deceased at Baptism 2. Next four Virgins next a-kin filling the Air with horrid Cries and keeping time in their Elevations and Cadencies one with another 3. Next the Corps carried by six Men the Priests incensing it all the way to keep off evil Spirits and withal singing Psalms 4. Lastly Kindred and Friends but disorderly with every one a Wax-candle in his Hand 5. At the Grave the Coffin is uncovered the Image held over him certain Prayers said with these words oft repeated Lord look upon his Soul in Righteousness the Widow continuing her Lamentations with the same questions mentioned before 6. They Kiss the Corps or the Coffin and the Priest puts a piece of Paper between his Fingers which is a kind of Testimonial or Passe for his Admittance into the other World sign'd by the Patriarch c. and Sold by the Priest The Form thus We whose Names are hereunto Subscribed the Patriarch or Metropolitan and Priest of the City of N do make known and certify by these Presents that the Bearer of these our Letters hath always lived among us like a good Christian professing the Greek Religion and tho he hath committed some Sins yet he hath confessed the same and received Absolution and taken the Communion for the Remission of his Sins hath Honoured God and his Saints hath said his Prayers and Fasted on the Hours and Days appointed by the Church and hath carried himself so well towards me his Confessor that I have no reason to complain of him nor to deny him the Absolution of his Sins In witness whereof we have given him the present Testimonial to the End that upon sight thereof S. Peter may open to him the Gate of Everlasting Bliss This done the Coffin is shut up and put in the Grave with the Face Eastward They Mourn forty Days and Feast on the third