Colleges where are allowed honourable Pensions to many Scholars The first College stands in the Street Santo called Prattense deriveing its name from its Founder Pileo Conte di Prata Cardinal and Bishop of Padoua in which are appointed 20 Scholars Padouans Venetians Trivisans and Furlans with a Prior or Governor who heretofore kept a Coach The Scholars pensions were 20 Crowns per Moneth and more but the Merchants Banke of Venice who usually payed them being of late lessened at present besides their Lodging and Service they have but ten Crowns by the yeer The Cardinal committed the Government thereof to Francesco Zabarella his Nephew and after his death to the most antient of his house and of that of the Family di Leone recommending it also to the care and overseeing of the successive Bishops of Padoua and to the Prior of the College of the Professors of the Laws The second called Spinello à Ponte Corvo instituted by Belforte Spinello of Naples is governedby the Priors of the Masters of Art by the most Antient of the house of Doctors where are maintained four Scholars Masters of Arts for five yeers two Padouans one Trevisan and another Stranger each of whose allowance is twenty five Duckats by the yeer The third named da Rio built in the street so called and instituted by that Family consists of 4 Scholars Masters of Arts approved by the most antient of that family their stay is permitted for 7 yeers their allowance is Lodging Rooms Bread and Wine with twelve Duckats and they ought to be of Padoua or its Territories The Fourth called del Campione situated in the borgo di Vignal is for nine Scholars in the Arts two Padouans two Trivisans two Farraresians two French men and one other Foreiner and for seaven yeers they are allowed Wheat Wine Wood Service Lodging and some moneys The Patrone or Master is the Abbot of Saint Ciprian of Muran The fifth named Santa Cantarina is submitted to certain Noble Venetians and hath for Scholars in the Arts. 16 who have Corn Wine Money Salt Lodgings and Service allowed in a handsome proportion for seaven years The sixth dedicated to Santa Lucia by the Brescians conteyns 6 Scholars in the sciences chosen by the Communalty of Brescia their allowance is 25 Duckats a peece with their Lodging and service defrayed The seaventh called Feltrino founded in the Street Santo is governed by the nobles of the family of Altini in feltre the continuance of the Scholars who must be students in the Laws is seaven yeers their number is but two Scholars and one-Artist they have for allowance a quantity of Wheat being 16 measures for each and 10 Mastellaes of Wine with their Lodgings The eighth built in the Street San Leonardo named del Ravenna is put under the tuition of Piavano di S. Giulano di Venetia the Scholars have Lodging Rooms Services and one Duckat allowed by the yeer for each The ninth in the Viginali called Cocho is for Six Noble Venetians each ones allowance being Lodging Service and 40 Duckats yeerly The tenth called Amulio near the Pratto della vallae is for 12 Scholars Noble Venetians founded by Marco Antonio Amulio Cardinal and every Scholar is allowed Lodging Rooms his services are payed and six Duckats by the year The third notable and marvellous Temporal Rarity of Padoua is the Piazza or place caled the Arena which is a noble Court round about which stands the old Arches and Vestigia of a proud Theatre which by the antients was called Naumachia but of later yeers they use it to run a Tilt and for all manner of horsemanship with many other games the Ladies standing to behold them in the open Casements of that proud Palace which stands at the head of the Court in a Lunary form the Arena or Court being Oval Backwards towards the Wall are gardens filled with Vines and pretious Fruits as also on that side which is towards the Church of the Hermits with a small Chapel dedicated to the holy Virgin which is also a Priorate of the house of Foscarie and belonging to that serene Family of Venice The fourth marvellous object is the Court of the Captain or Governour of the City where the Proud Palace of the said Praefect the Chamberlains and many other Citizens habitations besides the dwelling of a world of other People are so contrived that it may not improperly be called a little Cittadel This was the Kingly house of the Carraresi Its Chambers may truly be said to be built for Princes with two halls which for their Largeness and Nobleness could not be built for other the one is Called the Hall of Giants wherein stands the publick Library here are pourtrayed the most eminent Subjects of the Roman Republick of the World with a representation of their most famous Acts by the hand of Gualterio a most eminent Lymner with their Elegies under each figure heretofore composed by the most virtuous Giovanni di Cavazzi a gentlemaÌ of Padoua and inscribed in a signal Character by Pietro Francesco Pucivigiano called the Moor The Books conteyned in the said Library are most excellent and in great abundance The signor Gio Battista Salvatico Doctor Knight and a Gentleman of Padoua bequeathed to it by his Testament his Collection of the Books of the Laws of a great valew The signor Giacomo Caino a Gentleman of Furlan Doctor and Reader in the College hath likewise given to it the Library of Pompeo Cacino a Physician his Uncle of no less esteem The signor Conte Giacomo Zabarella hath added to it a brave quantity of Manuscripts some writ in parchment others in paper bound in Leather Lymned with Vermillion and Gold rarely and exquisitely some whereof were never Printed amongst which are the workes of Cardinal Zabarella of the Count Giacomo Zabarella his Grandfather of Philosophy of the Count Francesco his Father which are in rime and prose in the Tuscan Tongue very learned and treating of many subjects concerning his own Family Therein also are the Works of Cesare Cremonio the Philosopher and many other bought at the Publick cost and others added there by the Signor Ottavio Ferrari a Gentleman of Milan Reader of Humanity in the Schools and the publick Library Keeper which Library is every day so increased by the Nobility and others that t is well hoped within a little time t will arrive to the Reputation of the richest and most famous in the World The fifth wonder is the Castle for the Munition above named near the Church of Saint Agostino which was built by the Tyrant Eccellilino for his safeguard wherein he slew so many Noble Padouans that he had almost destroyed the whole City herein are the publick Granaries to maintain plenty in the City and all sorts of Ammunition for its defence in time of need The sixth admirable thing is the Ponte Molino so called from the thirty wheels of Mills there erected a most signal Object and the five Arches of flint Stone
of Minerva where as Polybius averrs this goddess was adored and reverenced with the greatest and most particular devotion whence many suppose this Ciry took its name for that in the antient Celtique and German tongues Magdalant signifies the Land or Country of a Virgin which opinion is likewise confimed by Andrea Alciato I. C. A veritable Author in all the sciences who in his Emblems writ this Epigram Quam Mediolanum sacram dixere puellae Terram nam vetus hoc Gallica lingua sonat Culta c Minerva fuit nunc est ubi nomine Tecla Mutato Matris Virginis ante Domum Santa Maria della Scala was founded by Regina Wife of the Visconte and enjoyned to be so called because she descended from the Family of the Scalaes of Verona It stands where was antiently the Palace of the Turriani And where the Church of Saint Dionigeis stood in old time a Dragon which then greatly afflicted the Country and destroyed many at last he was slain by Umberto Angiere who was thereupon created Viscont There are two Chapels in the Church of Saint Mark in one whereof is the most excellent Pictures of Lomazzo containing in one the Apostles Prophets Sibils and many other pourtraies In the other the fall of Simon Magus from Heaven which it represent as most horrible spectacle The Church of San Nazario contains certain proud Tombs of the illustrious Lords the Trivultii chiesly that of Giacomo of whom may be truly said He that never was quiet lies still here Near this Church they shew a red stone which they term the holy Stone wherein are cut the victories and trophies which Saint Ambrose gloriously obtained upon the Arrians in memory whereof to him was erected a Statue at the Gate Vico. The Church of S. Fedele is admirable no less for its beauty than for the Architecture of Pellegrino The Church of San Paola and San Barnabas for the Nuns is most noble where was first founded the Order of the reformed Priests of the beheaded Saint John They have one rare cross cut by Bramantino The Church of Santa Rosa is for the preaching Fryers who have the keeping of the holy Rosarie In the magnificent Temple of San Gottardo are excellently drawn the effigies of the Visconte where ly buried Azzone Visconte and Gio Maria the second Duke It s beautified with a stupendious Belfry and a fair Garden The Church of Saint Eustorgio the Bishop shewes a stately and sumptuous Sepulcher wherein ly the bones of San Pietro the Martyr A rich Tabernacle where is kept the head of Saint Eustorgio and the Tomb of the three Magi with this inscription Sepulchrum Trium Magorum where lay the Bodies of those Magi which were brought hither by Saint Eustorgio in Anno 330. when he came last out of the East but many yeers after this City being destroyed by Fedrick Barbarossa in Anno 1163. These Bodies were conveyed to Colonia Agrippina by Rodolphus the Arch-Bishop now they keep in that Sepulcher the Body of Eustorgio with many reliques of other Saints Martyrd there for the Faith of Christ. Here also are kept the Ashes of many noble Milanesians inter alia of Matteo Visconte first Duke of Milan and of Gio Merula a most Learned Man who was interred with geeat pomp in the time of Ludovico Sforza with this Epitaph on his Tomb. Vixi aliis inter spinas mundique procellas Nunc sospes coelo Merula vivo mihi Over the Gate of the Convent of the preaching Fryers from whom many excellent Theologians have issued is placed the Pulpit wherein Saint Petre the Martyr being preaching to the People at noon day in Midsummer obtained by his Merits and the instance of his Prayers that a Cloud hung over the Auditors in manner of an Umbrella preserving them from that intollerable heat near the said Church gusheth out the fountain of Saint Barnabas where though an unpolished place he baptized and said Mass of which water who drinks is immediatly delivered from the malignity of any Feaver The Temple of S. Lorenzo formerly dedicated to Herode was much more sumptuous than the abovenamed Churches which in the yeer 1085. being in great part burnt received great damage in the Mosaick of Gold and in the destruction of many Brass figures about the Pillars The royal Church of Saint Aquilino founded by ââ¦lacida Sister of Honorius the Emperor and wife to Constantine shewes on its Front fair Marble Colums and within as noble Pillars of Porphiry In the Church of Stephano was flain with many stabs the Duke Caleazzo Maria Sforzo In S. Giovanni lies the Tomb of Barnabo Visconte Prince of Milan The Church of S. Statiro and Celso is proud of the excelling Genius and Architecture of Bramante the Limner of Urbin in many works he wrought there The Front of that of Saint Mary of its excellent Statues wrought with so much art that all conclude it impossible to equal them and that of the Peace or Pace of its rare painting of the history of the blessed Virgin and her Father by the hand of Gaudentius and moreover the Virgin her self painted by Marco Uglono the Painter which stand near the Cross and lively expresseth a real sorrow In the Church of Saint Francis is a Tablet of the conception together with Saint Gio the Baptist a Child adoring our Lord so well done by the hand of Vincio that they cannot be paralleled In the Church della Passione is a stupendious piece of the celebration of the last Supper where is truly represented the amazement of the Apostles by Christofero Cibo In the Church delle Gratie founded by Germano Rusca and aggrandized by Ludovico Sforza is painted in a Tablet the Picture of our Lord crowned with Thorns by Titian the worthy of eternal memory about the Cupula are Angels formed by Gaudentius whose vestments are rarely wrought and in another place Sain Paul painted writing and contemplating Herein lies buried Beatrice the Dutches so well beloved by Ludovico her Husband that he vowed never to sit at table again at eating and lived so a yeer about One Epitaph over the Gate of the Cloysters artificially made shall be here inserted Infelix partus amissa ante vita quà m in lucem ederet infelicior quod matri moriens vitam ademi parentem consorte sua orbavi in tam adverso fato hoc solum mihi potest jucundum esse quod Divi parentes ne Ludovicus Beatrix Mediolanen Duces gennere 1497. tertio Non. Ianuarii In this Church lies Giovanni Simonetta who wrote the history of the Sforzeschi and Giulio Camillo a most Learned Man whose Epi taph placed on another door of the Cloysters followes Iulio Camillo Viro ad omnia omnium scientiarum sensa mirificam eruenda adscientias ipsam in suum ordinem aptè constituendas natura mirè facto qui apud Dominicum Saulium Idibus Maii 1544. repentino mortuus concidit Dominicns Saulius amico desideratissimo posuit Which Church is possessed by the preaching Fathers
little cels remain which are supposed to have been the Offices of the Actors in the Games or of such as uttered beer and other necessaries to the People resorting to the shews Others think them to haue been the stews wherein the Whores dwelt exposing their bodies to sale for gaine Neptune had a Temple conjoined with this Circ whereof some ruines are yet to be seen incrusted with Fish shels Where the Church of S. Anastatia stands were erected two Obelisks the one of which being 132 foot long without the bases was translated by Sixtus the 5th to the Vatican the other was 88. foot high Augustus transported both out of AEgypt for adorning the Circ wherein also was the Naumachia for exercising Sea-fights a place now consisting of boggs and Reeds where also part of those waters flowed which by an Aqueduct were conveighed into the Circ called Aquae Claudiae On the left hand rises the Moles or vast Fabrick of Septimius Severus called Settizonio from its seaven floors than which no structure in Rome was higher The Emperor raised it to that altitude that it might be Obuious to such as sayled out of Africk into Italy whoseing it should adore his Ashes layed up at the very top of it because himself was an African by birth Of which immense Edifice three Rafters now only continue which through long antiqnity seeming to nod and threaten destruction Sixtus the 5th caused to be levelled with the foundation to the great dissatisfaction of the Roman people One part of the Title Legible was this Trib. Pont. VI. Cons. fortunatissimus nobilissimus The VIA APPIA THe Via Appia takes its beginning at the Arch Triumphal of Constantine and leading by the Settizonio of Severus conductes one to the Baths of Antoninus whence it passed by the Porta Capena to the ruins of Alba Longa and thence to Brindesi Blind Appius the Senator gave name to it paving it with most hard stone to Capua thence Caesar prolonged it but Trajan repaired enlarged and compleated it its reliques are yet to be discerned at Rome Piperno and Monte Cincello but that part of the Via Appia which leads from the Baths of Antoninus to the Porta Capena is called the Via Nava all which was paved by Antoninus Caracalla when he built his Baths then which except Dioclesians none in Rome are more perfect In these Baths stand Pillars of Serpentine stone and great Bathing places cut out of Marble they were placed near the Church San Sisto in the Aventino and to them was adjoyned a Temple of Isis where now is the Church de i Santo Nereo and Archiole along the Via Appia rose many Temples of Gods whereof no fragments are now extant The Porta Capena was so named from Capena a City near Alba Longa the way whereunto lay through this gate which was also called Camaena from the Temple of Camaenae that is to say the Muses which was but a little eloigned from it It was also called Triumphal because through it the Scipioes entred the City triumphing and likewise Charls the 5th the Emperor entred by the same into Rome Paul the third then reigning when he came from his Victory over the Africans At this day t is called Porta S. Sebastiani from the Church consecrated to the same Saint which is two miles distant from the gate near the Cââ¦metery of Calixtus On each side of this way ly magnificent Sepulchres in great number yet almost entire as also the footsteps of Many Temples though not exactly discernable Here also remains a certain round Fabrick judged to be the Sepulchre of the Ceteghi for in the titles may be read on both sides the name of the Family of Cetega and not far from the City is fââ¦en the River Almone which running into Rome commixes with the Tyber under the Aventino That high round Mole on the right hand proves it self to have been the Sepulchre of the Scipio's by the inscriptions upon it On the left hand as you leave the Via Appia you meet the Church Domine quo vadis the history whereof is related before The adjacent Fabrick is supposed to be the Sepulchre of the Lucilli here as under diuers others are certain Vaults digg'd and they divided in several for the comodious disposal of the Vessels and Urns containing the Ashes of the Defunct The Brick wall is thought to be part of the Temple of Faunus and Sylvanus On the right hand of the Church Saint Sebastiano stands an entire Temple but dispoiled of its ornaments formerly dedicated to Apollo into which the Shepherds to preserve their Flooks from the heats of the day and incomodities of the nights do often drive them About forty paces farther in the adjacent sields amongst thorns and brambles in an obscure place is a subterranean Cavern whose entrance through the heaps of stones is difficultly found but when entred you behold Vaults built with good Art on each side of which are long repositories wherein the bodies of deceased Christians whom t was not lawfull to bury solemnly or openly were reposed In these Cavernes were the primitive Christians wont to conceal themselves to fly the Emperors raging persecutions now called Stanze de Christiani In the Temple of Saint Sebastiano they descend by certain steps into the Caves under ground which are called Catecombe Wherein in old time the Christians for fear of Tyrants usually lay ââ¦id in these t is reported that forty Popes suffered Martyrdome and with them one hundred seventy four thousand Christians as by the Inscription over the ingress clearly appears The place is adored with the highest devotion and its profundity and Darkness creates no small fear T is not possible to find the way in without Torches and Lights nor safe to go too fro in the several divisions which are like a Labyrinth without a good guide T is called Caemiterio di Calisto Among the Reliques in this Church they shew the Prints or Footsteps of the Feet of Christ upon a stone which they say were there left by Christ at his ascension into Heaven in the presence of his Disciples Many other things are writ hereof by Onosrius and others On the side of this Church is found a vast round Temple supported by one hundred Marble Pillars consecrated to Mars Gradivus by Sylla while he was AEdile in it Audience was given to the Embassadors of Enemies by the Senate to prevent their ingress into the City least they should make advantages of their admission as Espials they report the greater part of this Temple at the prayers of the Pope Saint Stephen to have fallen down when by the command of Galienus he was there compelled to sacrifice to Mars Near hereto they preserved the Stone Manale which when the Romans would obtain Rain they solemnly brought in procession into the Citty Beyond that upon the Via Appia rises the Walls of a square Castle very entire which some believe to have been Sinvessa others Pametia but the most to be credited averr it to
Cemeterio Cardino in the Via Latina That tra'due Lauri at S. Helena That of S. Ciriaco in the Via Ostiense But we must observe that Astolfo King of the Longobardi tearing up out of the earth about Rome the bodies of many Saints destroyed also their Cemeterii or burying places and that the Popes Paolo and Paschale reposed within the City in the Churches of S Stefano S. Silvestro and S Prascede many bodies of Saints then lying in those Cemeterii which were ruinated and layed wast And that the Christians were buried in the Cemeterii within Tombes and Sepulchres of Marble or of brick and of those Sepulchres some were hereditary others bestowed in gift and that at last places were assigned particularly for the Sepulture of Christians to wit Church-yards c. The Roman fixed stations granted by several Popes to divers Churches of Saints with great priviledges and Indulgencies THe first Sunday of the Advent is celebrated at Santa Maria Maggiore The second at S. Croce di Jerusalem The third at S. Pietro The Wednesday of that season at St. Maria Maggiore The Fryday at the Dodeci Apostoli The Saturday at S. Pietro The Vigils of the Nativity at S. Maria Maggiore In the first Mass of the Nativity at Santa Maria Maggiore al Presepio In the second Mass at S. Anastasia In the the third at S. Maria Maggiore On St. Stephens day at S. Stefano nel Monte Celio On St. John the Apostles day at S. Maria Maggiore The Feast of the Innocents at S. Paolo The day of the Circumcision of our Lord at Santa Maria beyond the Tyber The day of the Epiphany or Twelfe day after Christmass at S. Pietro The Septuagessima Sunday at S. Lorenzo without the Walls The Sexagessima Sunday at S. Paolo The Quinquagessima at Santo Pietro The first day of the Quadragessima or Lent at Santa Sabina The second at S. Gregorio The third at San Giovanni and Paolo The Saturday at S. Trisone The first Sunday of Lent at S. Giovanni Laterano The Munday at San Pietro in Vincola The Tuesday at Santa Anastasia The Wednesday at Santa Maria Maggiore The Thursday of Lent at S. Lorenzo in Panisperna The Fryday at the Santi Dodeci Apostoli The Satturdey at Santo Pietro The second Sunday of Lent at S. Maria in Domenica The Munday at San Clemente The Tuesday at Santa Sabina The Wednesday at Santa Cecilia The Thursday at Santa Maria in Transtevere The Friday at San Vitale The Satturday at the Santi Marcellino and Pietro The third Sunday of Lent at S. Lorenzo without the Walls The Munday at San Marco The Tuesday at Santa Potentiana The Wednesday at San Sisto The Thursday at the Santi Cosmo and Damiano The Fridry at S Lorenzo in Lucina The Saturday at Santi Susanna The Fourth Sunday of Lent at Santa Croce in Jerusalem The Munday at the Santi quatro Coronati The Tuesday at San Lorenzo in Damaso The Wednesday at San Paolo The Thursday at the Santi Silvestro and Martino The Friday at Santo Eusebio The Satturday at San Nicolo in Carcere The fifth Sunday in Lent called the Passion Sunday at San Pietro The Munday at San Grisogono The Tuesday at San Quirico The Wednesday at Santo Marcello The Thursday at Santo Apollinare The Friday at S. Stephano in Monte Celio The Satturday at San Giovanni before the Porta Latina The Palme Sunday at San Giovanni Laterano The Munday at San Prascede The Tuesday at Santa Prisca The Wednesday at Santa Prisca The holy Thursday at San Giovanni Laterano The good Fryday called Parasceve at Santa Croce in Hierusalem The Satturday at San Giovanni Laterano Easter day or the Sunday of the Resurrection of our Lord at Santa Maria Maggiore The Munday at San Pietro The Tuesday at San Paolo The Wednesday at San Lorenzo without the Walls The thursday at the Santi Dodeci Apostoli The Friday at Santa Maria Rotonda The Saturday before the Octave called Sabato in Albis at San Giovanni Laterano The Sunday of the Octave from Easter day called Domenica in Albis at San Pancratio The Feast of the Ascention at San Pietro The Vigil of the Pentecost at San Giovanni Laterano The Pentecost Sunday at San Pietro The Munday at San Pietro in Vincola The Tuesday at Santa Anastasia The Wednesday at Santa Maria Maggiore The Thursday at San Lorenzo without the Walls The Friday at the Santi Dodeci Apostoli And the Saturday of this week of Penticost at San Pietro The Wednesday of the Feasts in September at Santa Maria Maggiore The Friday at the Dodeci Apostoli The Satturday at San Pietro Besides which there are other stations for every Feast of those Saints Apostles Martyrs Confessors or Virgines to whom any Church is dedicated in Rome and for the most part those Churches on the daies of their Feasts are visited with a multitude of People his S. himself often celebrating Masse or at least being then present atended by a great number of Cardinals and Prelates Of the Vatican Library of the Pope THe Vatican Library of the Pope is every day frequented by learned Men and meritoriously for that it is filled with the most antient books in all the Professions as well Greek Latine and Hebrew as other Languages writtten with the pen in Parchment And t is certainly to be admired that those Popes under so many disgraces negociations Foreign and civil Wars and sackings of Rome should still apply their chiefest study and pain in heaping together Books and preserving those collections Sixtus the 5th in our time beautified and aggrandized it wonderfully adjoining to it a noble Fabrick and causing most excellent pictures to be drawn about it Which Guglielmo Bianco a French Man praiseth in a singular Poem and Fryer Angelo Rocca by way of History treates of it diffusely As also Onofrio Panuino of the same Order Many great Scholars have only desired favour from the Pope as to publish an Index of the Greek and Latine Books extant in that Library that by this means recourse might be had to Rome from all parts both for the enlightning and correcting Authors who have been altogether unseen or are els printed full of errors This the noble City Augusta permitted and by that publique Index set forth in vited all to go thither for comparing the uncorrected for their amendment How many bookes have Francis the first and Henry the second Kings of France sent forth to light How many benefits have the Republique of Scholars had from the Grand Duke of Tuscanies Bibliotheque and how much more advantage would all the world receive from such an Index of the Pontifical Library which is of splendidly royal Other Libraries there are also in Rome as that of the Capitol That which appertained to the Cardinal Sirleto now to Cardinal Colonna valeued at 20000. Crownes That of the Family of Sforza and that of the Farnesi abounding with Greek Authors We pass by many Libraries of private persons no less replenished with rare Books as that of Fulvio
present a religious Person and a lover of Learned men BASSANO FRom Trento the way lies to Bassano travelling towards the East by the Valley of Sugana called by the Antients Euganea because a People of that name dwelt there This Plain is eighteen miles in length and two only in bredth whence you may go to Venice but 't is too long a journey Five Miles forth of Trent is situated the rich and populous Countrey of Perzene At the Head of the Valley near Primolano are the confines between the Venetians and Germans Upon the high Mountain of Primolano is there built a most strong Bulwark of the Venetians called Strada where a few Souldiers can repel the Dutch when ever they offer by violence or force to advance forwards At twelve miles distance from thence towards the East among the Alps is the City of Feltre by the which way at the right-hand-shore of the River Brent three miles distance from Scala is seated Cavolo a Fort of the Germans inexpugnable in respect that 't is founded upon a great Rock directly hanging over the high-way with a Fountain of living water in it whereto neither Man nor Goods can be mounted from the Earth unless fastned to a Rope and that wound up upon a wheel from which because 't is a very narrow way underneath between the Mountain and the River with small labour may their enemies be slain with Stones cast on them as they march along Thence five miles distant is the River Cisimone wch disembogues it self into the Brenta where the Dutch and Feltrini daily load great quantities of Timber and Wood as well for the use of Building as for firing which they afterwards transport to Bassano to Padoua and to Venice Seven miles distant from Bassano on the Right-hand-shore of the Brent lies the Countrey of Valstagna placed at the foot of the Mountains and famous for the Sawes there made thence distant three miles lies the Countrey of Campese where in the Church of the Fryers of Saint Benedict lies buried he that wrote la Macharonea Bassano lies at the foot of this streight Valley and is washed towards the West by the Brent called antiently Brenta or Brentesia the which hath its Sourse or head beyond the Alps of Trent twelve miles near Levego Over the Brent a little forth of the Gate of Bassano is built a great Bridge of Wood which conjoyns both the Rivers Between the Alps and this Castle there are some Hills which produce most abundantly all things requisite as well for necessary living as delicacy but most particularly they abound with Olives and precious Wines The River Brenta runs thorow the Territory of Vicenza passeth by the City of Padoua and in the end dischargeth it self by the Fenny or Moorish grounds into the Sea In this River they take excellent Fish as Trouts Pollard or Chieven Eyles Pyke Tench Lampreys Barbel and Crabfish In no place are the men more ingenuous in Merchandize than in this particularly in weaving of Cloth in turning most neatly in Ivory and in Carving in Nut-Trees There is never a year that they dress less than fifteen thousand pound weight of Silk and notwithstanding that that which is made in China is esteemed better than is made in any other part of the world nevertheless 't is known that this of Bassano is more subtile or thin and more light Hence the Family of the Carrareci drew their Original and Eccellino the Tyrant as also Lazaro surnamed Bassano a person not meanly learned nor less acquainted in the Greek tongue than in the Latine he lived a long time in Bologna with great satisfaction to the learned afterwards he rendred himself at Padoua to the end that he might illuminate those who were studious of good Letters At present Giacomo dal Ponte an excellent Lymner greatly illustrates this Country together with four of his Sons called vulgarly the Bassani Bassano hath under it twelve Towns which with it self contein to the number of twelve thousand Souls MAROSTICA AT three miles distance from Bassano towards the West is seated a strong place named Marostica a Castle built by the Lords of Scala near the Mountain and fortified with Walls and two Sconceâ⦠Antiently this Castle stood in the neighbouring Mountain which looks towards the East where at this time are to be seen the Foundationâ⦠Here the Air is most perfect and the Countrey as pleasant and produceth excellent fruits in great abundance but it most excels in Cherries of all sorts which are so infinitely pleasant and so well ââ¦elished that therefore in many places they are called Marosticane There are many Fountains of clear Water and thence about two miles is a Lake called Piola whose waters abate and rise in the same manner as they in the Golf of Venice with great admiration to the beholders The Inhabitants of this Castle are extreme contentious whereupon an Elegant Poet wrote thus Restat in Civibus Marii discordia vetus Quae cum Syllanis saevit in urbe viris Within this Castle are many Churches among which is that of Saint Bastiano where the Fryers of Saint Francis dwell wherein lies the Body of the blessed Lorenzuolo the Child Martyred by the wicked Jews who antiently there inhabited Francesco of the Family of the ââ¦reschi hath much illustrated this Castle who publickly Read the Civil Law in Padoua and likewise Angelo Mateaccio who hath composed some Books of the Laws At this present adds no small Fame to this his Countrey Prospero Alpino the most excellent Physician publique Reader of the first matter of Simples in the Academy of Padoua who hath written De plantis AEgypti De Opobalsamo and De Praesagienda vitâ⦠morte AEgrotantium lately published And is now employed besides his publick Reading in composing and ripening some other noble Work for publick view Thorow the middle of this Castle runs the little River called Rozza whence about a mile passeth the Sillano so called because in Antient Language it signified a Stream of running water 'T is believed that the Antient Romans much frequented this Place for that the Inhabitants to this day retain certain Latine words though something corrupted Before the Church of Saint Floriano stand two Marble Stones of great antiquity upon the one whereof is written thus TI Claudio Caes. M. Salonius ⸫⸫ es Martina Chara Conjux quae Venit de Gallia per mansiones L. Vi commemoraret memoriam Mariti sui Bene quiescas duleissime mi Marite TREVISO THe Antient City of Treviso is situated on the East of and at the distance from Bassano twenty five miles This City was founded by Osaride the third King of the Greââ¦ans who being adopted Son of Dionisius therefore conceded unto him AEgypt and Reigned in Italy ten years And because after his death there appeared to the AEgyptians an Ox they supposing it to be their King Osiris worsnipped it as a God and called it Apâ⦠which in their language signifies an Ox for which reason
became under the Power of Eccellino the Tyrant who treated it most cruelly which evidently appears For at this day neer the Church of Saint Augustine they shew a great Tower wherein the Padouans were imprisoned tormented and slain nay the Cruelty of this wicked Tyrant so far exceeded that in one day in the City of Verona for no other cause than his fantastical humour he caused twelve thousand Padouans to be Butchered Out of the ruines of so many noble Palaces destroyed by him he intended and begun near the Bridge a new Cittadel for his habitation and security but he lived not to finish above a fourth part which is built with walls of a vast thickness with flint-stones squared with a fair Palace and a proud Tower which in truth is the most beautifull in all Padoua and is possessed at present by Il Signor Conte Giacomo Zabarella Many notable things are extant in this City but in particular there is a vault under ground which passeth under the River and goes even to the Piazza to the Palace of the Captain and to the other abovenamed Cittadel After his death Padoua recovered her Liberty and became very powerfull so that she got under her dominion Vicenza Verona Trento Treviso Feltre Belluno Conegliano Ceneda Saravalle Chioza and Bassano with all their Territories all the good ground among the Fennes and the greatest part of the Friuli and other important places then the Carraresi made themselves Lords thereof and kept the power about one hundred yeers at last the Venetians got the possession having slain Francesco Novello with all his Children and extinguished the principality of the Carraresi Through this City runs the River Brent together with the Bacchiglione which dividing it self into many branches gives a great accomodation to the Citizens One of which branches or Arms they have brought to pass thorow the dike round about the Walls of the City It affords in great aboundance all necessaries for livelihood from whence the Proverb arises Bolognia Grassa or wallowes in good cheer but Padoua surpassa sur-passeth it The bread they make here is the whitest of Italy And the wine is by Plinie accounted amongst the most noble and excellent This City hath about it seven gates many Stone Bridges five spacious Piazzaes with many beautiful Edifices as well publick as private Particularly the Palace used for the civil Law is the proudest in all Europe if not in all the World for so much as that it is covered with Lead without sustaining either of Pillars or Beams though its bredth is eighty six foot and length two hundred fifty six Which Palace after it had continued a foot 202 yeers being in part ruinated by fire the Venetian Lords in the yeer 1420 rebuilt with greater splendour The figure of this Hall is like a Quarry of glass with equal sides but not right angled not for the nearness of the Fabrick as some will have it but because natural reason shewes that a man standing bolt upright is with much more ease thrown down than when he stands a little drawn backwards its site is turned to the fower Quarters of Heaven so that at the Equinoctial the Beams of the Sun at his rising entring through the Eastern Windowes beat upon the Western Windowes between which is nothing erected to obstruct it and so upon the contrary And at the solstice or stay of the Sun when it can neither go higher nor lower the Beams enter thorow the Gates on the South part and play upon the opposite part in sum there is neither Gate or any other part without excellent Art and workmanship The painting of it represents the influence of the superiour bodies upon the inferiour divided with the signs of the Zodiack in imitation of that Circle of Gold which stood in the Sepulcher of Simandio King of Egypt In this Painting is to be noted the Antient Habits and amongst others a Priest who holds a Planet upon his back which antiently they used large and of rich stuff from whence it took its name The Inventer of these Paintings averreth that this was Pietro d'Abano a Padouan who was a most famous Philosopher and Astrologer whom it may well be since so many yeers before past that these present Paintings copyed by the hands of certain Florentines were drawn out from those which were preserved in the Antient Palace by the hand of Giotto and really these modern ones are very like to those which in the plain Astrolobe designed by the invention of Pietro d'Abano are treated on by Pierio in the thirty second and thirty ninth book of his hieroglificks And if the Antients made such a noise and so much account of the Obelisk which in the Field of Mars in Rome shewed by his shadow the length of the Nights and Days what shall we say of this Fabrick wherein are collected so many noble secrets all worthy to be contemplated and admired Whosoever hath an appetite in Padoua to behold Paintings let them see the Church of the Confraternity of Saint Antonio where they 'l meet Pictures upon boards drawn by Titian and other famous Masters the Chapel of Saint Luke in the Sanctuary where may be seen the true effigies of Eccellino the Tyrant as also in the Font of the Domo or chief Church by the hand of an excellent Lymner In the remarkeable Hall of the Lords of Zabarella Veraria may be seen pourtrayed the first Subjects of this City as Antenor its Founder Volusio the Poet T. Livio the Historian Q. Ascanio Pediano the Grammarian C. Cassio the Tribune L. Orontio Stella the Poet and Trasea Peto the Stoick both Roman consuls C. Valerio Flaccho the Poet L. Giulio Paolo the Lawyer Petro d'Abano the most famous Philosopher and Astrologer Albetino Mussato the Poet Doctor and Knight Alberto Verimitano Theclo Marsilio Santo Soffia an admirable Physician Marsilio Mainardino a Philosopher Astrologer and a most learned Divine Bonaventure Peraghino and Francisco Zabarella Cardinals Bartolomeo Zabarella Arch-Bishop of Florence and Giacomo Alvarato the famous expounder of the Law with a fair history of the most Antient times of Padoua and the Genealogie of the House of the Zabarelli with this following subscription Elogia haec virorum Illustrium Patavinorum Conditorumque Urbis cum Genealogiâ Nobilis Familiae Zabarellae ex Historiis Gronicisque Quam brevissimè collecta Joannes Cavaseus fecit Scripsit in Pariete Presb. Franciscus Maurus Pucivigianus cerebrosus pinxit Gualterius cura Et impensa Comitis Julii Zabarellae aedium Domini Omnes contivanei MD. XLIX Idibus Martii In private houses may also be found most excellent curiosities as with the Family of Mantoua for Marco Mantoua a most eminent Lawyer built a fair Palace in the Street of the Hermits with a delicious Garden annexed in the first Court whereof stands a great Colossus of Marble being the figure of Hercules and above is a stately Library no less replenished with Books excellent Pictures pourtraits of eminent men of
Patriark of Aquileia wherein he made such progress as is not to be imagined let it suffice that he restored the Church to its Liberty and delivered the Florentines and Italy for which his Noble deeds he was by Pope Eugenius the 4th made Cardinal of S. Lorenzo then Bishop of Albany and Chancellor of the holy Church he dyed in the yeer 1465 at this day is his Family extinct And besides these there were others of this City intended for Cardinals who being overtaken by death could not possess that dignity as Gabriel Capodelista Aquensian Arch-Bishop was defigned Cardinal by Pope Clement the 5th in 1304. Bartol Zabarella Arch-Bishop of Florence having been Apostolick Legate in Germany France and Spain for weighty affairs with the happy success of his Labours and the great satisfaction of Pope Eugenius the 4th was by him designed Cardinal but upon his return an indisposition seised him and deprived him of Life in Sutry being but forty seaven yeers old in Anno nostrae salutis 1445. Francesco Lignamineo Bishop of Ferrara and Apostolick Legate was by Pope Engenius the 9th designed Cardinal but he was prevented by his death in the yeer 1412. Antonio Giannotti a famous Lawyer Bishop of Forli and Arch-Bishop of Urbin was Vice Legate in France and Bologna where he dyed at his 65th yeer being then by Pope Clement the 8th designed Cardinal Anno 1591. In the Palace of the Bishop these things are worth a sight The most ample diocess of Padoua drawn in a large square by Marco Cornaro Bishop of Padoua a Prelate worthy of eternal memory and a great Hall where to the life as is believed are drawn the Pictures of 112 Bââ¦shops of this most antient and Noble City The Church of Saint Antonio of Lisbone merits the second Place amongst Padoua's fair Churches as well for the design and artifice as for the pretiousness of the Marbles and other Ornaments The Roof of this Temple is distinguished into six marvellous Chapels covered with Lead First must be seen the Royal Chapel of this Saint adorned with the finest Marbles and 12 Noble Collumns in the nine spaces of which Columns between the one and tother are engraven his Miracles by the most rare Sculptors of that Age so well that it renders the spectators stupified In the midst of which Chapel ariââ¦es the Altar of this Saint and within it lies entered his body Upon this altar stand seaven Figures of Brass of a just proportion wrought by Tytian Aspetti the excellent sculptor of Padoua Its Roof is adorned with the fairest Frets and figures made of pargetting stuff guilt richly and its Pavement exactly composed with Marble and Porphyry ââ¦heckerwise This Saint having lived 36 yeers dyed the 13th of June 1231 and was canonized by Gregory the 9th in the City of Spoleto in the yeer 1237. On which day in Padoua they go in procession carrying his Tongue in a little woodenBoul with great solemnity and superstition which is accompanyed with all the Fryers of Saint Francis that is to say by the Conventuals Capucines and those that go uppon woodden Pattens called Zoccolani and with all the Doctors of the Colleges as well of the Laws and Physick as those of Divinity and Philosophy wherewith they also carry all the Vessels of Silver and other pretious things bestowed upon this their Saint as also an infinite number of their holy Reliques preserved in curious Vessels Among which are the Figures of ten Saints of pure Silver 16 rich Chalices 50 Vessels 3 whereof are to contayn their Eucharist many Silver Candlesticks Lampades Censores and 50 Sylver Votaries or pieces dedicated by the vowes of several persons which are as big as a small Child Likewise a Shipp furnished with Masts Sayls and Shrouds together with a model of the City of Padoua both being neatly cast in Silver In a fayr Reliquiary they preserve the Tongue of the glorious Saint Anthonio and in another his under Chap. In others all of Silver guilt framed with most exact workemanshipp they keep a cloth dipped in the pretious blood as they say of our Saviour Jesus Christ three thornes of his Crown some of the wood of his Cross of the hairs and milk of the blessed Virgin some of the Blood issuing out of the five wounds given Saint Francesoo and many of the Bones and other rare reliques of infinite of their Saints as may be seen in the Treatise published by Count Giacomo Zabarella Praesident and Treasurer of the Venerable Tombe of the glorious Saint Antonio Who befides the revenue of the Convent wherewith the Fathers are maintein ed possesseth a great Revenue together with much Silver and other pretious househouldstuff all bestowed upon that Saint by Princes and private Persons which Wealth is governed by seaven Presidents vulgarly called the Signori all' Archa di San Antonio three Ecclesiasticks and 4 Seculars with a Casheer who receives the Revenues and pays the Musicians and other disbursements which Officers are elected every yeer and every Six Moneths two of them change In the Convent is a fayr publick Library much amplified by the reverend Father Francesco Zanotti an eminent Person of Padoua who alwaies governed his Convent with great prudence as Guardian and his Religious Order whereof he was Provincial whereto the most reverend Father Michael Angelo Maniere Guardian and Provincial also hath added his Industry with great success and evidence of his Prudence Virtue and Goodness both whose good Actions have given â⦠great Splendour to the Fame of this most Noble Convent Near to this said Library is another Room wherein are kept the rare collections of Count Giacomo Zabarella given to the said Saint which consists of many excellent Books and Manuscripts and all the Histories in being of Padoua Venice and other Cities which no where else are to be found also of Medals Marbles brass Pieces and other notable Antiquities with the Golden Key and all his workes all which being before fully related are here abbreviated to avoid Prolixity Opposite to the Altar of Saint Antonio is the Chapel of Saint Felix the Pope of like grandezza where also repose his Bones ââ¦ound about which are hung Pictures excellently wrought by Giotto wherof Daute Boccacio and other writers take particular notice In it are the Tombes of the Signori Rossi and Lupi Marqueses of Soragna and next the Chapel of Saint Antonio with which it maintains like Grandure and Fame it is the most eminent of all the greater Altar whereof is richly carved in Marble and hath on the right side a Candlestick of a very great heighth and wrought with many Figures over against it an artificial Chorus adorned with lovely Figures carved in wood In this Church likewise are the Sepulchers of Fulgosio of Marin and Ascanio Zabarella the first famous in Letters the second in Arms which are erected in the Chapel of Saint Catherine appertaining to their Family in another Tombe lies buried Andrea Zabarella with Montisia Polenta his Wife Daughter
of Bernardino Signor of Ravenna with many other eminent persons which would take up too much room and time to specifie Before the said Church stands a noble Statue of Brass cast by Donato Fiorentino and presented to the State of Venice in memory of the Valour of Gattamelata da Narni who was Captain General of their Armies whose effigies is there erected on Horseback and whose body with that of his Sons ly buried in the Chapel of Saint Francis with two fayr Epitaphs inscribed over them The third ecclesiastick excellency of Padoua is the sumptuous and ample Church of Saint Justina where are kept with great devotion the bodies of Saint Luke the Evangelist Saint Matthias the Apostle of the Innocents of Saint Prosdocimo first Bishop of this City and Province of Santa Giustina the Virgin Martyr of Giulian of Massimo second Bishop of Padoua of Urio the Consessor of Felicita the Virgin Arnaldo the Abbot together with an infininte number of Reliques which they preserved ina most Antient Cemetery called in those days the Pit of Martyrs there also stands a speckled stone upon which certain Martyrs were beheaded another stone whereon San Prosdocimo celebrated divine service Herein likewise they conserve the Tablet of the blessed Virgin paynted by Saint Luke and with great devotion brought from Constantinople by the blessed Urio It s Chorus which compasseth the high Altar round is made all of Walnut Tree and upon it engraven by Richardo Francesco the History of the Old and New Testament It hath much Silver Utensils and pretious vests to say no more this Chapel for its structure and beauty is an incomparable piece And not a little illustrated by that proud aod wealthy Monastery of Saint Justine now contiguous with it which for its sumptuousness Grandure and Riches may be reckoned one of the Fairest of Italy On the Walls of the Cloysters amongst the Legend stories designed they have inserted hundreds of old inscriptions with the draughts of old stones and pieces of Urns dug up when the foundation of the Convent was first Layed It hath for revenue 100000. Crowns yeerly It keeps an Abbot with many Fryers of Saint Benedict And here began the Reformation of that Order about two hundred yeers since The fourth signal is the Church of Saint Augufiino of the Fathers Dominicans which was first a Temple of Juno wherein the Antient Padouans dedicated the spoils of Cleonimus the Spartan as saith T. Livie Thence it became the Particular Chapel of the Carraresi who there fixed the Sepulchers for their Family Where also are the Monuments of Marieta Mother of James King of Ciprus and F. Carlota his Daughter with many Memorials of other Grand Persons as well of this City as Strangers and in particular of Pietro da Abano near the great Door It hath a Stately Convent with a fayr Library where are the Pictures of the chief Fathers of that Order The fifth Marvel is the Church of the Carmelites famous for its vast height and grandure with one only Arch and a most high Cupulo Its Chapels are all of one resemblance and in great perfection Herein they keep an Image of the blessed Virgin who as they say showrs down her continued favours upon those that devoutly by her intercession pray for them to God Almighty In this Church are certain Monuments of the Naldi Famous Captains and many other Noble Families of Padoua The Sixth Ecclesiastick wonder is the Church of Eremitani wherein lies buried Marco Mantoua the famous Doctor of Lawes Here are the Chapels of the Cortellieri painted by Giusto an antient Lymner and of the Zabarella by the hand of Montegna The seventh is the Church of Saint Francesco wherein are the Tombes of Bartolomeo Cavalcante Jeronimo Cagnolo an excellent Doctor and of Longolio whereon Bembo composed the ensuing Verses Te Juvenem rapuere Deae fatalia nentes Stamina cum scirent moriturum tempore nullo Longolio tibi si canos seniumque dedissent In the Church de'Servi is enterred Paolo de Castro and near the Church of San Lorenzo stands a pure Marble Chest erected upon four Columns which is concluded to be the Noble Heroe Antenors Tombe from this Epitaph engraven upon it in old Characters Inclitus Antenor patriam vox nisa quietem Transtulit huc Henetum Dardanidumqne fugas Expulit Euganeos Patavinam condidit Urbem Qu em tenet hic humili mar more caesa domus In the Church of the Capucines lyes buried Cardinal Commendone The Chief Families of Padoua and Cavaliers are Alvorati Marquess of Falcino a City of the County of Bolzonella Lazara Count of Paludo Leoni Count of Sanguineto Obizzi Marquess of Orgiano Zabarella Count of Credazza Buzzacarini Capidilista Conti Datti Papafava S. Bonifacii and besides those aforenamed these following viz. Ascanio Pediano the Oratour Aruntio Stella Uallerto Flacco Uolusio Poeta Jacomo Zabarella a most worthy Philosopher with many others both valiant and Learned who have much added to the renown of this City Between the Church del Santo and that of San Giustina lies the Physick Garden filled with simples and planted iu the yeer 1546. at the cost of the Students in Physick and Philosophy to the end they might the more commodiously search into the nature vertue of every Medicinal Herb The chief care and custody of this Garden is alwayes committed to some excellent Doctor in Physick who Reads to the Students the names and nature of every Simple in the latter times Melchior Guillandino Giacomo Antonio Cortuso and Prospero Alpino three excelling Persons underwent this charge but at present t is in the hands of the learned Giovanni Vestlinghiâ⦠or Westlingius a Knight and Anatomy Reader in the University A man allowed so great an esteem for his excellent knowlege that he was become the Admiration of this Age when I was in honour of Italy In whom a worthy and Noble Person of our Nation being casually at Padoua at the proceeding of certain English to the Degrees of Doctors and having been an Auditor at some of his Lectures composed these ensuing Verses upon the Anatomy Learned Westlingius had we but the Art To tell the Treasures of the nobler part And could the Soul's high powers describe as well As you the Palace where that Queen does dwell In her Anatomy my Muse might finde Praises proportion'd to your knowing minde To whose great art and industry we owe That all the wonders of our Frame we know For not the inventory we alone Of every Nerve Vein Artery and Bone Receive from thence ââ¦t are instructed too What the wise Maker has design'd them to The great importance of the sââ¦ndrest string And use of every seeming useless thing As if our first Creator you had seen Or had of Counsel with Prometheus been That all the Plagues which his rash Brother threw On wretched Man might have their Cure from you Ten miles out of Padoua towards the Port of Malomocco stands the Castle Pieve de
with a stately Convent to be reckoned one of the chief of Europe for largness and beauty of building and the number of the learned and best Fathers which that Order enjoys where they shew in a refectory the Picture of our Saviour with the Apostles at the last supper drawn by Leonardo Uinci with such vivacity and Spirit that they seem to move and be sensible of the passions of Love Sorrow Joy admiration Suspition c. particularly in the Face of Judas one sees exprest that Treafon which he had conceived in his mind Leonardo Vinci having compleated all the Apostles not wanting more to its finishing than the visage of our Savionr it happened that he could never accomplish it because he had expressed so great beauty and glory in the Faces of Saint James the greater and the less that he had left no possibility for his fancy to draw any thing beyond them Whence pondring the impossibility of the thing he resolved to consult with Bernardo Zenale another worthy Painter of those times who its reported made him this answer This Picture hath one Errour which God only can rectifie for t is not imaginable that thou or any other Painter in the World can express more grace and Majesty than thou hast presented in the one and t'other James wherefore leave it as t is Lonardo did so as appears at this day yet not so demonstrable because time hath in part defaced the glory of those Faces There also are the effigies of Lodovico Beatrice and both their Sons afterwards Dukes Massiminiano and Francesco In the Church of S. Vittorie of the Fryers of the Mount of Olives is seen a Saint George giving death to the Serpent wrought by Raffael of Urbino The great aud sumptuous Domo or Cathedral was founded with infinite expence by the Duke Giovan Galeazzo built with such industry that for its greatness and Architecture the pretiousness of the Marbles and workmanship few Temples of the World can be paralleled unto it T is all of white Marble and about it are 500. Statues of the same It s length from East to West is 250. Cubits and breadth 130. It hath six Cupolaes one 80. cubits high two 50. another forty and the others 30. The four Pilastres of the greater Cupola are 32 cubis distant one from t'other It hath three proportionated Isles with sive gates in the front the Casements and Arches are of a Pyramid form the Iron Bars which sustain this great work are so hugely bigg that the Architectors of Charles the fifth beholding them from the ground were amazed at them Among the other Statues there are two most stupedious the one of Adam the other of S. Bartolomeo flleaed divinely carved by Christopher Cibo in one of which may be clearly discerned the whole Anatomy of Man which is unparalleld It hath two great Organs in one of which stands David the Prophet playing on the Symbal before the Ark wrought with great artifice by Gioseffo of Monza It hath two noble Vestries wherein they preserve their Vestments rich Ornaments and Vessels given them by Arch-Bishops and Dukes with many reliques of Saints It hath besides a stately Chorus where the Dukes of Milan are intombed and before the great Altar stands the Grave of Cardinal Carlo Borromeo whose sanctity of Life and the form of good living prescribed by him to others hath raised this opinion that his Soul ascended immediately out of his Body into Heaven In another part is the Tomb of Giacomo Medici Marques of Melignano a Captain of great valour and his statue with his natural Visage and Military habit in Brass made by Leone Aretino In this Church they reverently keep also one of the Nayls wherewith our Saviour was nayled to the Cross given by Theodosius the Emperor Among the other pious places is the great Hospital of Milan praisable seated in an Island and invironed with Columns and Porches t is 600. rods about 150. of a side T is divided into four most capacious appartments having underneath many little Shops made on purpose for the workers employed for the use of the Hospitals In the middle walk are 112. Beds for sick persons all hung with Curtains equally distant one from another and accommodated in such manner that at the saying of Mass all may hear It s revenue is 50000. Crowns somtimes exceeds 90000. Crowns per. Ann. It maintains 4000. Souls and for its noble Structure may be fit for the greatest Prince Five miles out of Milan on the Road of Come is the Lazuretto of Saint George for the infected of the Plague which edifice is four-squared 1800 yards in circuit round iâ⦠runs a Channel and within it are infinite beds with sufficient provision of all necessaries In this City are many Noble Lordly and magnificent Families among others the Ancient house of the Pusturley the Turriani who came from Valle Sassiuo and sometime governed here from this Family came Matteo Turriano who being Captain for Conradus the second Emperour in Arabia against the Moors was taken Prisoner and Martyrd for the Faith of Christ. The Visconti as some say were descended from the Trojani who built Angiera near the Lake Maggiore which City they long possessed when being the most potent Family in Lombardy Matteo Visconte was constituted imperial Vicar of Milan and all Lombardy and permitted to carry the Eagle in his ensignes Others say this Family had its original from the Kings of the Longobards Be it as t will twelve Princes of the Visconti held the dominion of Milan 170. years Under Duke John Galleazzo it commanded 29. Cities besides Lumbardy among others Genoua Bologna Pisa Belluno and Trento From the illustrious Family of Sforzaes have descended six Dukes of Milan Cardinals Queens and one Empress And besides the aforenamed the Families of the Trivultii Biraghi Medici Ruschi Mezenti Bezzozzi and others are of Milan It produced 4. Popes Urban the third Celestine the fourth Pius the fourth and Gregory the 14th Two Emperors Didius Julianus and Maximinianus Herculeus who built the Hercolean hot Baths and here in Milan deposed and quit the Emperial Diademme as also Virginius Rufus thrice Consul with many Cardinals Bishops Saints with eminent scholars in all ages as Salvio Giuliano Grandsire to Giuliano the Emperor Paulo Eleazarno Gioan Lignano Giasone del Maino Filippo Deno Andrea Alciato Marco Massimo the Historian and Astrologer Cecilio the Comick Poet the Cardinal Paulo Emilio Sfrondato Nephew of Pope Gregory the 14. a person worthy of much praise for his goodness and integrity of life The Arch Bishop of Milan hath the Title of Prince and hath a long time enjoyed the primacy thereof Its Jurisdiction extended it self heretofore to Genoua Bologno and some parts of Sicilia and proceeded from its riches and pride to that rashness that for 200. years it with drew it self from the Roman Bishops but Carlo Borromeo hath taken off much of that obliquy by the splendour he hath given to that Arch Bishoprick by his
midst the most high Tower Asinelli which represents the main Mast the Tower Garisenna the Scale and the other small Towers the Shrouds to the eye of the beholder Within it is no manner of fortification the Citizens having cast down those that were who confiding in their own valour and prudence content themselves with a single Brick-Wall which encompasses it near it runs the River Savona and through it the Reno which serves for transportation of Merchandiz from Ferrara That Bologna abounds with all things is known to all whereby they give it the stile of Fatt Its Fields are fair and large producing all sorts of Corn and Wines of the best sorts in Italy with all kinds of Fruits particularly Olives so bigg and sweet that they give not place to them of Spain it hath also Woods for Foul and Beasts of Chase and notwithstanding there be few Lakes yet t is plentisully served with fish from Comacchio and Argenta Here to maintain their Epithite of Bologna la grassa they make those famous Salsages which for their excellency are esteemed a costly dish through the World as also a Conserve of Quince and Sugar called gelo or gelly fit for the Table of a Prince They here also work with great Art Sheaths for Knives of boyled Leather and fair Harquebuses and Flacks or Bottels They have great numbers of Silk-Worms from whose labour they extract quantity of Silk whereof they make Sarcenet Velvet and other Silks in such plenty as that they not only supply all Italy therewith but England and the Low Countreys It s Territory affords many Quarries of white Stones and great store of Hemp and Flax some minerals of Allum with medicinal Fountains both hot and cold It hath but one Piazza which yet for its largeness may be said to be three conjoyned in the midst whereof stands a sumptuous marble Fountain whereon stands a Brazen Neptune made by Giovanni Bologna a Flemish Sculptor in very much excellency whence gusheth a most clear stream of Water It hath a general uniformity of building having straight and spatious Streets and on each side of them before the Houses Arches of the same Structure where the Citizens recreate themselves without fear of the scorching Sun or the dripping Rains There is one spatious Garden of the Poeti another of the Paselli Near the Church of S. Giacomo where now appear a good space of old rinesu was formerly a regal Palace of the Bentivogli while they were Lords of Bolonia whose Majesty and Magnificence is treated on by Beroaldo T is adorned with superb and spatious Edifices aswell for divine worship as private use Among others the Popes Palace over the gate whereof is the Statue of a Pope in Brass and that of the Campeg gi where in the time of Giulio Terzo the Council of the Pepoli and Malvezzi met are of such grandure that any Prince may be received there The Palace which fronts the Church San Petronio was built by the Bolonians for a prison for Enzo King of Sardegna where he lived and at the cost of the publick was royally entertained for twenty yeers till his death Furthermore the Citizens Houses are beautified with Vests and other things to the pride of any others of Italy and their Sellars so deep under ground that they apprehend no Earth-quake The Tower Asmelli so named from the founders and Garisenda so called from its pendency downwards discover the great ingenuity of the Architector It s principal Temples are that of San Pietro the seat of the Bishop where ly many Cardinals Bishops and other learned Doctors with many Reliques of Saints Pictures Sculptures and Ornaments of gold and Silver of high valew The Domo which stands on the Piazza dedicate to San Petronio Bishop and Protector of the City is so great and magnificent that few Churches are equal to it here Charls the 5th received from Pope Clement the 7th the Crown of the Empire The Church of Saint Francis is well built where Pope Alexander the 5th a Bolonian lies buried and Odoffredo and Accursio two great Lights of the Civil Law then the magnificent Monastery of San Salvidore and the noble and rich Nunnery del Corpo di Christi where lies enterred the blessed Catharine who was a Nun therein whose nails upon the hands and feet grow as if she were living The Church of San Giacomo with its Chapel built by Giovanni secundo Bentivoglio was a work only for a King wherein lies the said Bentivoglio with many of his descendants some of the Malvezzi and other illustrious persons with many Reliques of Saints guarded in a rich and stately Altar by Cardinal Poggio The Church of S. Martin where repose the bones of Beroaldo and Alexandro Achellini the Philosopher The Church of San Giovanni entombes an image of Cecilia the Virgin Martyr painted by the divine Rafael of Urban the ashes of the blessed Elena and Carlo Raino a famous Doctor of Laws four of these Churches Canons have been Bishops of Bologna The Church of Saint Stephen the Proto-Martyr is sumptuous built by S. Petronio where among other Reliques they shew the Ashes of S. Vitale Agricola Petronio The Church of Saint Benedict encloseth is the Body of San Proculo the Martyr and the Cel wherein Gratian composed his Decretals In the Church of Saint Domenick in whose Quyer is rarely effigiated the old and new Testaments here lies Enzo King of Sardegna in a proud Tombe and many famous Doctors of Civil Laws and Physick as also Tadeo and Giacomo Pepoli who some time were ââ¦ords of Bolonia at the high Altar may be seen many Reliques of Saints of which are the body of San Domenick on whose Tomb are layed more than 300. Figures of Gold and Silver and one of the Thorns of the Crown of our Saviour with the Bible writ ten by the hand of Esdras in the Hebrew Tongue in white parchment here reposes also the Body of San Domenick the Patriark and institutor of that Order with many other stately Tombs Candlesticks Lamps Cenfers and other Ornaments This Church hath a noble Convent with many Cloysters and Dormitories for the Fryers aud a large Refectory excellently painted and one of the largest Cellars of Italy therein is likewise a Cemetory wherein to bury the Fryers And an excellent Library scarce any equal none better to be found kept and encreased dayly by the Fathers with great diligence and here sits the Inquisition In this Convent dwell one hundred and fifty Religious and here they keep the publique Studies of the Sciences which hath occasioned principally that five Popes many Cardinals Bishops and holy Fathers have proceeded hence among which were San Pietro the Martyr San Ramundo Egidir Foscararni Bishop of Modena who behaved himself prudently and learnedly at the Council of Trent The first Bishop of Bologna was SanZama who in the 270th yeer after Christ first preached the Faith here Dionisius being then Pope whom 71. have succeeded of good Doctrine and
the Romans they made it a Colony together with Castro and Hadria Dolabella being Consul about the time that Italy was extended beyond the River Ese and the Dutchy of Spoleto added to it Titus Livius in his 27th book assures us that M. Livius Salinatorus the Consul quartered in Senigaglia when Asdrubal was not above half a mile distant overlooking all Italy and raising in it great terror when C. Nerone Collegue of Livy withdrawing himself from Basilocââ¦ta with a flying Army of 6000. Foot and 1000. Horse by a nights march conjoyned himself with Livy and the next morn the two Consuls cut in pieces the Army of Asdrubal and slew the said Captain while he designed to fly over the Metauro as afore declared ANCONA T Is a famous noble rich City aud hath the most eminent Port in all Italy whence the Merchants out of Sclavonia Greece Dalmatia and all Europe frequent it All Writers agree it had its foundation from the Siracusany flying from the Tyrany of Dionisius 'T is likely it became a Colony of the Romans 485. yeers after Romes building when the Marchiani were overcome by Publius Sempronius the Consul and the Confines of Italy enlarged For then t was necessary to place Roman People on those boundaries It took its name from Ancon in Greek which signifies an Elbow in which form is its Port and Harbour a secure Station for Ships Many Writers worthy belief say that in the time of the Roman Empire t was a renowned City aed well Inhabited for the conveniency of the Harbour and nobly restored by Trajan the Emperor with incredible expence whereof some Reliques remain It hath fair Fabricks rich Merchandize business and People in good number 'T is environed with Walls and Bulworks there erected at the charge of the Popes to enable it with resistance against invasions a good part of the Walls are yet of Marble antiently t was all of Marble the Port hath strong Pillars to fasten shipping to and convenient descents to the Water as also strong Cranes for removing Goods into and out of the Vessels Some Medals are yet extant stamped in honour of Trajane with the form of that Port a Neptune Crowned in water before the Mouth of the Porte with the Rudder of a ship in his right-hand and a Dolphin near It hath two chains wherewith they shut up the entrance therein are at all times Ships and Galleys of all sorts There is an Arch most stately raised in honour of Trajane in gratefull acknowledgment of that publick benefit his restoring the Porte by the Senate and People of Rome which Arch although dispoiled of those Ornaments it formerly had yet like the Picture of a fair Woman it attracts the eyes of the beholders raising wonder in them moving the Fancy to consider the Art beauty and proportion of that Piece from the great squares of Marble and degrees yet to be seen on all sides shewing a most proportionate and beautifull appearance 'T is of no small consideration That all the Statues and other Ornaments are carved into or inlaid in those great square stones and not fixed outwardly which Squares too are so close connexed that t is impossible to put in the point of a Knife between them but looks as if t were one entire Rock which shewes the skill and Art of the Artificer On it is inscribed as follows IMP. CAESARI DIVI NERVAE F. NERVAE TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG. GERMANIC DACI CO. PONT MAX. TR. POT XIX IMP. IX COS. VI. P. P. PROVIDENTISSIMO PRINCIPI SENATVS P. Q. R. QVOD AC CESSVM ITALIAE HOC ETIAM ADDITO EX PECVNIA SVA PORTV TVTIOREM NAVIGANTIBVS REDDIDERIT On the Right-hand PLOTINAE AVG. CONIVGI AVG. On the Left-hand DIVAE M ARCINAE SORORI AVG. Thereby we see that Divine honours were then given to Trajan and his Sister 'T is not ill spent time neither to ascend the Mount Ancona and behold its Rarities which is the promontory Cumero where first is the antient Cathedral Church Saint Ciriaro of admirable Architecture and curious Marbles in its Vestry are infinite Reliques of Saints and offirings of great valew presented for devotion One may gather from some verses of Iuvenal that not far distant was dedicate a Temple to Venus but no thing now remains of it From that height may be seen a large space of Sea the bending of the Port the placing of the City and the site of the Promontory it self so con-joyned with the Appenines that some say it appears their head but others more rationally its Arm reaching hence to Mount Angelo all along a shore of the Adriatick Sea As also many near Cities Castles and Burges as Sirolo celebrious for the good Wine called Anconitana by Pliny Orbino Osimo and others Upon a Mount near the River Musone stands Cingola a Castle built by Titus Labienus out of the many robaries committed by him while he was Embassador of C. Caesar and Proconsul in Gallia in that long War The shape of which Castle we finde engraven upon certain pieces of silver and gold with his Titles of whose so great Riches Cicero Silius Valerius Max. and Dion speake scornfully invectively and bitterly but now to our Voyage The holy house of LORETO FIfteen miles being passed you finde placed upon a hill the famous Church of the Virgin Maria de Loreto visited from all parts of the World by Pilgrims either through penance enjoyned thereto or their own vows or devotion T is called Loreto for that in antient timestood near it a Wood of Laurels Some will have that in the same place viz the MouÌt stood the Castle Cupra of the Tuscans with the antique Temple of Juno Caprana now t is a Town but yet envroned with Walls Ditches Fortresses and Arms in readiness to defend it self from the violence and snares of the Corsari banisht Persons Robers and other wicked Men whereby the Inhabitants live securely and are well proviin all things for the receit of strangers 'T is a most stately Church built with squared Stones of excellent Marble of great cost in the midst whereof the Pilgrims visite that most holy Chamber of the Virgin Mary with a great devotion which is compassed in with a surrounding square of Marbles engraven and wrought with figures of admirable artifice but so placed that it toucheth not the Walls thereof in any part and t is credibly held that those Walls within which the Queen of Heaven was born and brought up ought not to be more wrought or adorned by human industry This Chamber was brought hither from Palestina by Angells and he is pronounced an Infidel that doubts thereof having so many grave Authors and dayly Miracles to prove it The great quantity of Tablets Offerings and Presents hung upon the Walls Pillars and Cornishes of the Church at the first entrance will raise a certain proness to honour the place in the most obdurat heart There it clearly appears how great and inspeakable signs the most great God shewes of
and some Horse and Gasper Sardo writes that at the Naval fight bethe Christians and Sarazens in anuo 1179. Lucca had seaven Galleys under the command of Nino delli Obezi its Citizen a valiant Captain who was also Lieutenant of those of the Church in the same Fleet when they obtained immortal fame in that Victory and in 1303. the Lucchesi colleagued with the Florentines against the Pistoiesi and of the 16000. foot and 1600. Horse then in the Army the Lucchesi had 10000. Foot and 600. Horse This City was beloved and held in great esteem by the Romans conceding to it the fo much coveted privilege of a municipal City and making it a Colony We read in pââ¦rticular that at the needfull repairing of Rome C. Caesar passed a winter there with two hundred Senators whereof weâ⦠Pompey and Crasus who here complotted and constituted the first Triumvirate Near the Church of Saint Aââ¦gustine are some Reliques of a noble Temple dedicate to Saturn with the foot-steps of an Amphitheatre infallible testimonies of its Grandure In the time that Tuscany with the rest of Italy divided into 12 Governments was under the Longobardi Lucca was the appointed residence for the Regent of Tuscany where as such Desideriââ¦s resided when in aââ¦no 577. he was created King of the Longobardi Afterwards t was governed by Marqueses who also resided there as in the Metropolis of that Province where the Marchese Adalberto dwelt with infinite Splendour and so nobly in anno 902. received there Lewiâ⦠the Emperour that he admiring the Kingly magnificence and greaââ¦nesse wherein the Marchese lived said to one of his Intimats that ââ¦ruly abstracting from the Title he saw not wherein the Marquess was inferiour to him Among the Marqueses of Tuscany Bonilf da Lucca for his great Riches his own valour and merits was so much renowned that he obtained for his wife Beatrice Daughter of Corradns the second and Sister of Henry the third whose Issue La Contessa Matilda in a short course of time remained Heiress and Lady of this and many other Cities of Italy and at her death bequeathed the City Ferrara and that state which is called the Patrimony of Saint Peter to the Roman Church by her last Will and Testament which is yet preserved in Lucca Afterwards Lucca began to relish the beloved fruits of its antient Liberty and in the yeer 1288. obtained a confirmation of it from the Emperour Rodolphus in which times being chiefly ruled by the Guelfan Faction it was a long time preserved in good amity and confederate with the Florentine Republique Wherefore in Anno 1304. when the Florentine Republique was much perplexed by the Factions Bianchi and Neri the Lucchesi were requested by the Florentines to aid them in repressing their tumultuous and confused Government and when absolute power was given to the Lucchesi over all Florence from Lucca were sent some of the most prudent Citizens accompanied with 9000. Souldiers the most part horse Who being suddainly arrived settled their guards up and down the City as they pleased and as if the City Florence had been absolutely under their Do minion which done they took in hand the government and with the entire satisfaction of that Republique in sixteen days they quieted the tumults and Factions and established the form of the Government for the future Some time after the which Lucca was governed by Ugoccione and by Castruccio its Citizen an excellent Captain who with his own single valour kept the neighbouring Common-wealth in continual fear and suspicion and finally after it had undergon for severall yeers through adverse fortune the tyranny of divers Governours its Usurpers It reobtained for a certain sum of mony its former Liberty from Charls the 4th which except from the yeer 1400. to 1430. when t was usurped by Paolo Gusinigi its Citizen it hath ever since enjoyed most happily and doth at present rejoice therein and live in great tranquillity yet under the protection of the Catholick King and with such security that those Gentlemen to wââ¦om the Goverment of the Republique is committed neither watch at nor take care for any thing more than the publique good and Union oâ⦠all its Citizens the two principal and necessary Foundations for the maintenance of the Republique It s administration and Government is an Oligarchy This Clty is replenisht with many good and Artfull Structures and a great number of stately Churches Among which Its Cathedral dedicate to Saint Martin retains the chief prerogative This Church hath been much adorned and favoured by the Popes and first by Alexandeâ⦠the second who in the yeer of our Lord 1070. as we read in Baronius was pleased to take upon himself the pains to consecrate it then Urban the sixth in anno 1382. there celebrated Mass the night of the Nativity of our Lord and honoured the chief standard bearer with the reading the Epistle by his order The Bishop and Canons are endowed with great Privileges being allowed the use of the Archiepiscopal Ornaments that is a Cross and Pall and the Canons are faculted to bear the Priests cope and purple Sattin robes and the Mitre of white Sattin More Cardinalium and the Bishop is so great that the Canons acknowledge no other Superiour but the Apostolick Sea Among the many graces wherewith this Church is favoured by the most high God some may especially be considered first that Lucca was the first City of Tuscany that as Fr. Leandro and others recount received the light of the holy faith which happened in the 44th yeer of our Salvation by the means of Saint Paulino Antiocheno the Disciple of Saint Peter crowned a Martyr upon the hill S. Iuliano by Anozino President in Pisa. Secondly that in the time of Charles the Great with most singular favour it obtained the holy Countenance or Visage Volto Santo formed and placed miraculously by a divine hand on the venerable Statue of the Saviour of the World framed by Nichodemus his Disciple when he stood as 't were bereaved of senses with consulting to form the head with such perfection as might give honour to the Statue In it lie the bodies of S. Paolino Rigolo and Frediano It s principal Protectors with those of 33. other Saints whereof 14. were Lucchesi In the yeer 1588. was found here a Miraculous Image of our Lady through whose mediation God hath here done wonderfull graces to the faithfull of divers Nations It hath afforded Popes Cardinals Lords and famous Captains in great numbers with exquisite Sholars whereof one must be mentioned to wit Fryer Panigni having so great a renown through all parts of the world for his elaborate and exact Translation of the holy Scripture out of the Hebrew into the Latin Tongue whom we will set alone though many others in several Sciences Qualities and Honours might be well remembred with him Many noble Families quitted this their Countrey either to avoid the plagues or tyrannies of Usurpers and retreated to Venice and Genoua where some
principal Sculptors of their times and preserved in the Palace of Titus Vespasianus and found in his seaven Halls Some space from which lies Cleopatra ready to give up the Ghost of so exact workmanship and polite Marble that underneath the Marble Garments which seem to lie over the whole body the Limbs and shape of the person do perfectly appear In the same Palace and Gardens which are five some in Terrace others low beside the aforenamed not a few nor mean Vessels and statues present themselves as gratefull Objects to the Visitants thereof As to pass by others a Fountain made after a rustick manner round which stand feigned Gods and Sea Monsters very well represented Together with the Images of Pope Paulus the 2 and the Emperor Charls the 5th drawn by the hand of Michael Angelo and a statue of one of the Curiatii which is a fair one and stands where the Switzers keep their Guard In the Armory are Arms and all accomplishments for 35000. men horse and foot and over the door of it is this Motto Urbanus VIII Literis arma Armis Literas In the Constantine Hall to pass over the other things which are infinite are painted several picturs drawn by the principal Painters in all Ages chiefly the Battel fought at the Ponte Milvio and the victory obtained there by Constantine against Maxentius the work of Raphael Stantio of Urbin In the Gallery Pope Gregory the 13th for the benefit of the Popes to his great cost caused all the Provinces Regions and Chief Cities of the whole World to be artificially and exactly lymned annexing to each Province in a sweet style its Encomion This Pallace was begun by Nicholas the third augmented by his successors finished by Iulius the second Leo the 10th garnished and beautified with Pictures and other Ornaments by Sixtus the 5th and Clement the 8th so that at this day it remains a stately Receptacle for his holiness and a worthy object for all Forreigners Of the Church of Saint Peter on the VATICANO THis hath meritoriously its place among the seaven Principal and the Library Churches of Rome and will therefore require breifer account here T is the most famous and splendid of Rome On that part which is ascended by steps is a Pillar erected compassed about with Iron barrs and this inscription on it Haec est illa Columna in qua Dominus noster Iesus Christus apodiatus dum popââ¦lo praedicabat Deo Patri in Templo preceseffundebat adhaerendo stabat quae una cum aliis undecim hîc circumstantibus de Salomonis templo in triumphum hujus Basilicae hîc locata fuit In this Temple is likewise preserved the head of Saint Andrew the Apostle and the spear which was run into the side of our Saviour when he hung upon the Cross It was sent as a gratefull present to Pope Innocent the 8th by the Turkish Emperour Here also is the Porta Sancta which is never opened but in the yeer of Iubile and that finished is shut again Which shall suffice to avoid Repetition To the Church of Saint Peter is joyned the little Church of Santa Petronilla formerlâ⦠a Temple of Apollo as that of Santa Maria della febre was of Mars in the Piazza of Saint Peter stands the Obelisk translated thither from the Circ of Nero in the yeer 1586. at the Instance and cost oâ⦠Sixtus the 5th where it lay in neglectfull obscu rity in old times called the Obelisk of Caesar and under it were then laid the Ashes of Iulius Caesar Dominico Fontana was the Engineer It s heighth is 170 foot besides the Basis which is 37 foot more on the bottom t is 12 foot broad and at top 8. It weighs without the Basis 956148. pound the Instruments prepared for its removall and erecting weighed 1031824. pound The Removal of it we must needs conclude so admirable as to deserve a place among the great wonders of the Antients if we despise it not as is usual for that t was modern The Circ and Naumachia the place for sea battails of Nero were near herunto where they made their sportive recreations in barques upon the water and cruelly cast those that confessed the name of Christ to be devoured by wilde beasts The Borgo hath five gates to wit L'Elia at the Castle Saint Angelo That of Saint Peter under the Popes Gardens La Pertusa on the highest part of the hill La Vacina at the Palace of the Cesis and the Trionfale now called of Santo spirito near which Bourbon received à shot which occasioned his death and the surrender of Rome to the Emperor Charls the 5th The Hospital of San Spirito was first instituted by Innocent the 3d. afterwards aggrandized by Sixtus the 4th In it they govern with no less honour than love the foreign Infirm persons so that many rich Men disdain not to retire themselves thither for the government of the sick and infirm and thereto imploy their skill and time though at their own charges not having their own proper houses in Rome Of the Hill Gianicolo now called Montorio THe Hill Ianiculus is now called Montorio quasi mons aureus or the goulden Mount near it lies the Circ of Iulius Caesar where appear some fragments of the Sepulchre of Numa Pompilius which yet demonstrate 't was no great Fabrick a certain assurance that Ambition had not then in those times any great place in Rome Montorio is so called for the sparkling of the sand there Where stands a Church of Saint Peter and a round Fabrick wrought excellently Dorick wise the design of Bramante At the high Altar of the said Church is a Marble stone whereon Christ was figured by Raphael of Urbin On the right hand at the entrance into the Church Christ is rarely painted upon the Wall being whipt by Bastiano the Venetian called del Piombo Here stands the Tombe which Iulius the third caused to be built for himself then living where for all that he had not the happiness to lye dead but was buried in a mean place in the Vatican The Gate of Saint Pancratio was formerly called Aureliana or Settimiana for that it was repaired by Septimius Severus who near it erected an Altar and certain Baths without this gate you see an Aqueduct not very high through which ran the waters of the Lake Alsetino into the Baths of Severus of Filippus and into the Naumachia the place for Sea Fights of Augustus Where now stands the Temple of Santa Maria in Transtevere was formerly a Taberna Meritoria or a Locanda as they now term it being a place for letting out Chambers There stood also a Temple of AEsculapius for the deceased to whom because they believed him a God alwaies regarding and assisting to their healths the infirm had recourse and sacrificed The Naumachia was a place purposely set apart for the preparing all things necessary for Naval fights This place is at present called à Ripà in Rome where the Vessels
made it penetrable the Sepulchre of Virgil is erected near this famous Cavern Near the Temple of Peace is that of the Santi Cosmo and Damiano which was the Court of Romulus where the Senate congregated when they had any important affair to consult about It was wholly burnt when they burned the body of Publius Claudius slain by T. Annione Milone with the Basilica Portia near it which Marco Portio Catone the Censor reared a top of the house of Mevio There was also another Court in Monte Celio where now stands the Church consecrated to Santo Gregori MONTE PALATINO THis Hill was inhabited many yeers before the building of Rome and there when at its greatest splendour did the Emperors and other great Personages for a long time reside but now t is overwhelmed with Ruines and so great a Devastation that t is the most uninhabited Place of Rome besides its Desert uncouthness and Thorns affording nothing of good more than a little Church of Saint Nicholo some Cottages and a Vineyard of Cardinal Farnese Thereon of old stood these stately Temples following to wit one dedicate to Vittoria built by C. Posthumius the AEdile Another to Apollo which being destroyed was afterwards restored by Augustus Caesar to greaer beauty with the addition of that Porticue whose reliques yet remain more entire than any other in Rome a third to the Penati brought thither by AEneas and honoured with much reverence Others to the Gods Lari to Faith to Jove Victorius to Heliogabalus to Orco and many other Gods of whose Temples not any imaginable Vestigia are now extant And those magnificent Palaces of the Coesars Tarquinius Priscus the King of Cicero who bought his Pallace of Crassus for 50 thousand Crowns of Marcus Flaccus which stood neer that which was bought by Cicero whereof Q. Catullus made a great Lodge That part of the Palatino which lies towards the Arch of T. Vespasian is called Germano from the Twyn Brothers Romulus and Remus there brought up by Faustulus the Shepheard whose habitation was in that place the space from thence to the Arch of Constantine the Great was called Vela for that there the Shepheards dwelt whose custome was to fleece or pluck the Wool from off the sheep whence they were called in Latin Vellera Fleeces of Wool before the way of shearing was invented Towards Santa Maria Nova Scaurus had a noble Palace with an Open gallery supported with Pillars forty foot high without the bases or capitol The great Palace Gregostaci was so denominated for that there they usually entertained the Embassadors of divers Nations Here Quintus Flaminius dedicated a statue to Concordia when he had reconciled the People to the Senate or rather the Senate to the People The Church Sant ' Andrea in Pallaria is the old Temple wherein the Palladium and Penati which AEneas brought with him from Troy into Italy were at first placed but afterwards transported into the Temple of Vesta and the charge of them committed to the Vestal Virgins Near it stood the house of Valerius Publicola which for some suspicion raised among the People they levelled with the ground in one night On that part of the Palatine towards Monte Celio stood a Temple of Cibele called also Dindimene and Ope The Image of which Goddess was translated from Ida a Place in Phrygia to Rome and reverenced with great devotion On that part respecting the Aventino was the house wherein Augustus Caesar was born whose ruins yet arise to a vast altitude to which was adjoyned a Temple of Apollo upon whose top was fixed a golden Chariot of the Sun of which some fragments are yet in being as also a Library called Palatina Wherein stood a statue of Apollo as Master of the Chorus among the Muses raised 50. ..... the noble work of Scopa It may be conjectured that the Baths of Palatini lay in the Vinyard of Thomaso Faedra a Roman Gentleman towards the Arco Massimo approaching which were the Curia of the Salii and Auguri with other Fabricks into these Baths by an Aqueduct rann a stream of the Aqua Claudia At the foot of Mount Palatine to wit at the Pillars of the Gallery of Caligula is a round Fabrick being the Church S. Theodosius which was at first built and consecrated to Jupiter stator by Romulus about the time of the Sabyn warr when the Romans turned tail and running away were by the entreaties of Romulus perswaded to face their Enemies and receive Victory some say that this was not the Temple of Jupiter Stator but that it was the ruins of the old Court which stood near the Temple of Concordia Leaving the Temple of Janus Quadrifrons and the Foro Boario in the descent to the Circo Maximo you meet a hollow place into which out of certain Pipes run copious waters where the Women wash their Linnen t is said that here were the Fountains of the Nimph Junturna in Velabro now called Fonti S. Georgii The Vault which appears contiguous with a great Arched common Shoar was built by Tarquin for reception of the Channels and Filth of the Citty with a commodious conveyance thence into the Tyber Which Arch was so ample that a Cart and Horses might conveniently passe thorow it We read that the Censors sometime sould the Filth of this Vault and sink for the fatning the Fields about to certain persone for 600000. Crowns which when t was told the Emperor he answered Odor Lucri bonus ex re qualibet Now t is called Chiavica Close by which lies the Lago Curtio a Lake so denominated from Curtius who threw himself and horse armed praecipitously into that Vorago or opening of the Earth that he might avert the pestilential Ayr exhaling out of it which infested Rome with a great contagion There also grew the Grove of Numa Pompilius wherein he spoke and treated with the Nimphe AEgeria from whom he learned the Ceremonies of the Sacrifices and where t was unlawfull for any one to spit In this place the Ashes of the Galli Senones were layed up now t is called Dolioli from the Dolia or earthen Vessels wherein they put the Ashes of the slain to be buried The GIRCO MASSIMO OF all the Ornaments of the Circo Maximo scarce any thing is to be seen more than the entire circumscription of the place whereby its amplitude is discerned It lies between the Palatino and the Aventino and is about half a mile long and three Acres broad which some say was capable of 260 thousand men others restrain it to one hundred and fifty thousand Here Romulus first set forth the Consaulian Games to the God Conso after the rape of the Sabyn Women Tarquinius Priscus designed and Tarquinius Superbus built the place for the celebration of the Circensian games and other Solaces for the People which Augustus adorned Gaius amplified Trajan repaired and augmented the Fabrick and Heliogabalus paved it At present t is all about in Gardens but some steps and roofs of
return a flux of blood seized him in the City of Soria in Seleââ¦cia whereof he dyed his body was brought to Rome and his bones inclosed in a Pile placed on the top of the Columne In this Foro di Trajano stand the Churches of Saint Silvester S. Biasio Sant Martino placed there by S. Marco the first Pope Boniface the 8th erected there 3 Towers called now Le Militie chiefly that in the midst where Trajan used to quarter his Souldiers Above it lies the the Vineyard of Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandino meriting a view wherein besides the Fountains and Sources of waters which form many streams you may see some old noble Marbles among others Harpocrate a Child wrought by an exquisite hand and an old painted picture found some yeers since retaining the beauty of its colours a wonder to believe since it is so antient and so long lay hid in a grotto near S. Maria Maggiore IL MONTE ESQUILINO AT the Foro di Nerva begins the Suburb which extended to the Tiburtina dividing the Esquilie the Vale between the Esquilie and the Viminale they name Vico Patricio because many Patritii that is to say Nobles dwelt in that part L'Esquilie was so called because in the time of Romulus the Sentinels were placed there this hill is severed from the Celio by the Via Lavicana from the Viminale by the Vico Patritio The Via Tiburtina as abovesaid crosseth it in the midst which way ascends from the Suburb to the Porta Nevia but before it comes to the trophees of Marius t is cut in two the right hand way leads towards San Giovanni Laterano conjoyning with the Lavicana the left goes to the Porta di San Lorenzo by the name of Prenestina In the Via Tiburtina is the Arch of Galienus the Emperor called San Vito from the neighbouring Temple Here was the Macello Lanieno the Market for all eating things The Temple of Isis now of Santa Maria Maggiore consists of exquisite structure adorned with gold and rare Marbles and sustained by Ionick Pillars Here Santo Hieronimo lies enterred and here they shew an Image of the Virgin painted as is credited by St. Luke the Evangelist Near it stands the Church of S. Lucia and that of S. Pudentiana here of old stood a wood sacred to Juno reverenced with great but blind zeal In the Church of S. Prassede are many inscriptions and the Pillar to which our Lord being bound was whipped this they say was brought from Jerusalem In San Pietro in Vincula are many admi rable things among others the Tombes of Julius the second whereon Moses is engraven by Buonorota a work excelling most of the Antient of Cardinal Sadoleto and Cardinal di Tucino Thence you go to the Church de quaranta Martiri from whence by the Via Labicano to S. Clement the Esquilie extended it self and was there called Carine Near Saint Pietro in Vincula are some subterranean edifices the remains of Vespasians Baths called the Sette Sale being designed for keeping the waters requisite to the Baths in them was found that sta tue of Laocoon now translated to the Vatican which gives such admiration to all aspicients The Church of S. Maria nâ⦠Monti was built by Pope Symachus in the decayes of Adrians Baths the place being thence denominated at this day Adrianello At the Church d'Santi Ginliano and Eusebio elates it self a huge Fabrick of brick work wherein were the receptacles of the Aqua Martia on the upper part whereof are figured the Trophees of Marius that is a heap of spoils and Arms bound to the body of a Tree placed there in honour of Marius for his expedition against the Cimbrians which things being afterwards torn down by Sylla in the civil war were restored again by C Caesar to their former lustre and yet remain in the Campidoglio Behind the Trophees in that Vineyard appear great ruines of the Emperor Gordianus his Baths near which the said Emperor raised a stupendious Palace which had two hundred Pillars in a double Rank But hereof no more but high walls appear All its Ornaments and Pillars being thence translated for beautifying other Palaces From these Baths the way on the right hand called Labicana goes to Porta Maggiore or Santâ⦠Croce antiently Nevia Between this Gate and that of San Lorenzo near the walls rise vast ruines of the Temple dedicated to the name of ââ¦aius and Lucius the Nephews of Augustus and built by him one arched roof yet may be seen called Gallucio as of Caio and Lââ¦cio Near it was the Palace of Licino where now S. Sabina stands there placed by Pope Simplex contiguous with which Pallace was the place called Orso Pileato from a Bears figure there By the gate Esquiliââ¦a San Lorenzo or Tibuntina by all which names t is frequently called stands the Church San Lorenzo built by Constantine the great in honour of that Martyr replenished with antiquities but especially the instruments used in the sacrifices are carved on inembossed work by this Gate also enters the Aqueduct by which the Aqua Martia is conveighed into the City first raised by Q. Martius afterwards consumed by Age restored by M. Agrippa This water was brought from 35. miles off the City and ran into Dioclesians Baths and the adjacent places t was very healthfull and therefore chiefly accomodated for the drink of the People On the other side of this Gate entered the Acque Tepola Julia the one was conveighed six miles the other eleaven from without the City To these joyned the Aniene which ran from Tivoli 20. miles distance Over the Aniene stands the Ponte Mammea so named from Mammea the Mother of Alexander Severus the Emperor by whom t was repaired from this Gate the Via Prenestina reached to Praenestâ⦠and the Labicana to Labi That part of the Esquilie near San Lorenzo in Fonâ⦠was named Virbo Clivio which was the Grove Fugatale where Servius Tullius dwelt and there lies the Vico Ciprio called also Scelerato for that Tullius was there slain by his Son in Law over whose dead body his own Daughter commanded her Coachman to drive her Chariot This Vico or Town extended to Busta Gallica where the Galli Senoni or the French were slain burnt and buried by Camillus now this place s denominated Porto Gallo where the Church Saint Andrea is built On the top of this Vico Scelerato Cossius had his Palace afterwards dedicated to the Goddess Tellura now to Saint Pantaleoâ⦠near Santa Agna at the foot of the Viminale stood a Temple of Silvâ⦠whose decays yet appear IL COLLE VIMINALE THe hill Viminale is next to the Esquilino and runs along by the Walls t was so named from a famous Temple dedicated to Jupiter Viminale whence also the contiguous Gate took the name Viminale and Nomentana from the way leading to Nomento which is now called S. Agnese from the Church of that name near it which was formerly dedicated to Bacchus therein is an old porphyr Arch
Orsino That of Aldo Manutio who passed to a better life at green yeers consisting of 80 thousand Books We must observe though that Fulvio Orsino in the yeer 1600. added his to the Library of the Pope And that Ascanio Colonna never enough to be praised bought that of Sirleto for 14 thousand Crownes deputing to it intelligent Keepers with honest stipends that it may rather dayly increase then at all diminish The great Duke of Florence his noble Library is known to have good numbers of Greek Books and that of Urbino of Mathematical Writers That of the Malatesti is in Cesena in the Minorites Convent In Bologna that of the preaching Fathers In Venice that of the Republique In Padoua is that of Gio Vicenzo Pinello famous enough but le ts return to the Libraria Vaticana 'T is certainly concluded that the Gentiles usually preserved their Books in the publique Libraries as well as private t is no less evident that the Catholick Church from Christs time to ours had alwaies in divers places sacred Libraries to advantage students wherefore St. Augustine in the Narration which he makes De persecutione Arrianorum in Ecclesia Alexandrina saies that in the Christian Churches there were Libraries and that with the greatest care they preserved their Books and accuseth the impiety of the Arrians amongst other things for their taking away and burning the Books of the Church Saint Jerome likewise makes mention of the same Libraries when writing to Pamachius by his Books against Jovinianus he saies that he kept in the Churches Libraries Eusebius also in his 119 Book at the 11 Chapter writeth that the Church had holy Books in the Oratories and that in Dioclesians dayes to the end the name of Christian might be wholly extinguished the Oratories were overthrowen and the books burnt nor does there want conjectures hereof from the holy Scripture for that Saint Paul writing to Timothy commands him to transport with himself his Books to Rome chiefly those in parchment and in the first to the Corinthians he testifies that in the Corinthian Churches they used to read the Prophetick books Eusebius in his 5 book of the Ecclesiastical history at the 10th Chapter saies that the Apostle Saint Eartholomew going to prea ch the gospel to the Indians left there the Gospel of Saint Matthew writ by his own hand Which very copy Origene afterwards found in the Indies and from thence carryed it as Saint Jerome averrs to Alexandria when he also brought from the East the Canonical books of the old Testament Lastly the Hebrews diligently conserved their sacred books and on every Sabbath read the Books of Moses in their Synagogues wherefore t is reasonable enough to believe that the Christians have alwaies observed their rule of diligently copying and preserving the prophetick books those of the Apostles and those of the Evangelists But the places where these books were layed up were not alwaies called by the same name but sometimes Archiviunt a Treasury of Rolls scrinium a Coffer where evidences were kept Bibliotheca or Libraria a Bibliotheque or Library as in se veral Authors appears Then indubitably they used to lay up in places deputed to that purpose the Memorials of greatest importance the Books of the Bible of the old and new Testament and the Books of the holy Fathers many whereof written by their own Authors through this means have reached our times and will continue to future Ages if God soplease And because the collecting and conserving those books required a great expence as well in writers as Inquisitors and conservators therefore the richest Christians coÌmonly contributed every one some proportion and part as a common stock for the Church to have the same effected And in particular we have great obligation to the Emperor Constantine the Great who as Eusebius recounts in his third Book of his life without regard to the vast expence made it his business to collect and secure the sacred Books which in the times of the persecutions the Gentiles had wholy dispersed After which the gathering keeping and choosing Books was particularly the charge of the Bishops and Priests for which end they were wont to maintain Notaries Stationers and Women exercised and skilled in writing as may be gathered from the life of Ambrosius and of Origene Among all other Collectors of Books Pantenius the Master of the Alexandrian School is esteemed the most diligent likewise Pamfilo the Priest and Martyr as Eusebius relates instituted and governed with great industry a fair Library placing there the Books of Origene and such other good Books as he could get written by the hand of which Caesarean Library St. Jerom against Rufinus takes notice Furthermore Alexander the Bishop of Jerusalem got together a good quantity of Books as of Betillus Hippolitus Caius and other Ecclesiastical writers and with them composed a worthy Library as Eusebius testifies who also confesseth himself to have been assisted by the said Alexander in his own Ecclesiastical History And not to omit the diligence of some of later times in the like work le ts remember that Pope Clement the first successor to St. Peter who wrote many Epistles profitable to the Roman Church deputed seaven Scriveners in the seaven praecincts of Rome who were maintained out of the Churches Revenne for no other thing then diligently to search out and write the Acts of the martyrs And Anicetus the Pope made it his business to find out a secure place for the laying up the lives of the Martyrs wrote by those Scriveners Pope Fabianus ordained seaven Deacons for supervisors to those Notaries to take the better care in executing the charge of collecting and true recital of the Martirs lives Of which Scriveners the Actions of the Roman Councel under Silvester give good testimony Pope Julius successor to Marcus who followed Sil. determined that the said Notaries abovenamed should diligently gather together whatever appertained to the amplifying and fortifiing of the holy Catholick Faith that all the things by them writ should be revised by the Primicerio or chief created to that purpose who afterwards was to place and keep in the Church what he had approved Pope Hilary was the first known that built a Library who erected two near the Founts of the Laterano wherein for that in those times there were but few Books and they at great price because wholly written by the hand he caused the writings of the Roman Church the decretal Epistles of Popes the Actions of the Counsels the recantations and opinions of the Hereticks and the Books of the holy Fathers to be layed up and preserved for the publique use of the Christians But to return to our purpose of the Vatican Library we must know that beside the abovenamed Libraries the Popes used so great diligence in collecting books as they put together one greater than the two former in the Popes Palace on the Laterano which remained there about one thousand yeers till Clement the 5th translating
Maggiore marked as in this place 8 To Bersello pass the Po 1 From Bersella to Corezzo are thirty five miles which according to the custome of the Modeneses are divided into 4 posts   posts 13 posts from Milano to Trento § The City Milan posts From Milan to Castelnovo the posts are set down in the posts from Milan to Venice by Bergamo and Brescia 10 to Volgarna 1 To Peri 1 To Vo 1 pass the River Adice  To Rovere â⦠To Trente a City of Italy and Germany 2  Posts 16. FRom Brescia to Trento there is another way to wit by the Lake Garda but the posts are not layed that way nor is the Lake Garda at all times passable without danger  Errata Page 2. l. 13. r. the Germans p. 10. l. 32. r. behold p. 12. l. 35. r. Grisons p. 20. li 9. r. cattel p. 33. l. 10. 11. r. when I was in Italy in honour of whom p. 38. l. 41. r. malignity if ib. l. 42. r. iâ⦠by p. 46. l. 39. r. Vicenza p. 48. l. 41. r. for p. 50. l. 48. r. faith p. 54. l. 38. r. likewise p. 55. l. 25. r. viscounte p. 59. l. 10. for sable r. pretend p. 59. l. 34. r. Ramparââ¦s p. 64. l. 31. r. form 67. l. 2â⦠r. many p. 72. l. 2. r. me p. 75 l. 7. r. dele re a p. 76. l. 38. r Lake p. 81. l. l. r. as p. 83. l. 26. r. or p. 84. l. 3â⦠r. such as have p. 87. l. 15. r. by for be p. 89 l. 4. r. tuines ââ¦ââ¦2 l. 30. r. passing p. 93. l. 36 r. in those p. 98. l. 45. r. Florence p. 99. l. 6. r. Ombrosa p. ââ¦39 l. 16 17. r. incomparablenesse page 144. l. 32. r. entire p. 150. l. 1. r. and by p. 163. l. 13. r. God p. 163. l. 35. â⦠ââ¦ratorians reside p. ââ¦65 l. 22. r. P allas p. 167. l. 45 r. Cardinal President p. 170. l. 4. r. Martyr iâ⦠l. 43. r. old ââ¦he Temple p. 174. l. 18. r. Pliny in the ib. l. 1 9. dele in ib. l. 46 r. time p ââ¦78 l. ââ¦3 r. depuâ⦠him p. 179. l. 7. r. carcasses p. 18â⦠l 38. r. diseased p. 183. l. 4. dele and p. 191. l. 31. r. Tyter p. p. 208. l. 39. r. ran into the p 210. l 18. r. denominated ib. l. 32. r. Palme p. 235. l. 47. r. Salutation p. 236. l. 25. r. 1465. p. 292 l 17. r. same ib. l. 19. r. Tully p. 245. l. 18. r. bring p. 248. l. 10 11. r. Artemisio THE HISTORY OF ITALY BEING An exact Description of all the Cities Towns Castles and Villages of ITALY with the most remarkable particulars in each of them The first PART Wherein is conteined the Journeys or Voyages from Trent to Venice from Venice to Milan from Milan to Rome The way from Trent to Venice TRento or Trent is a City of the Province of Marca Trivigiana or Marquisate of Treves and is seated in a Valley on the confines of the said Province It hath Walls round it which are about the compass of a mile and are washed by the River Ladice towards the North Large and Fair Streets paved with Flint-stones and stately Houses Its Churches are very beautiful though not large There is one most sumptuous and Royal Palace which was lately restored by Bernardo Clessio Bishop of the said City Towards the East part thereof enters a little River upon which are raised many edifices to work Silks in as also to grind Corn and from the said little River are brought many Rivolets which run along the Streets and into the Houses of the Citizens Without the Gate called Saint Lorenzo upon the Ladice there is a magnificent Bridge of one hundred forty six paces in length but of Wood which conjoyns the Ladice with the other little River The surrounding Mountains by being continually covered with Snow precipitous and so high that the heads thereof seem to touch the heavens are rendred inaccessable Between these Mountains are two wayes the one goes towards the North the other towards Verona It hath but little Champaign or Fields but those are pleasant and Rich planted with Vines and fruitful Trees amidst which passeth the Ladice In this place may be seen the Castle and Fort called Pelen appertaining to the most Noble Family of the Troppi The Citizens speak good Dutch and not ill Italian Trent is now reduced under the power of Germans and is a refuge for all Italians when any disgrace happens to them in their own Countrey They gather but little Corn but in lieu thereof they have good quantity of delicious Wines both White and Red. In the Summer the Air is good but the Sun beats upon it most vehemently on those dayes it remaineth in the sign Leo And in the Winter 't is so very cold by reason of the Frosts and Snow that there is no living their Stoves are not sufficient to provide against it because the cold is so fierce that it turneth the Rain into Snow before it can fall to the Earth and that which occasions the greatest wonder here is that in that time their Wells or deepest Pits are void and empty of Water In stead of Mules Asses and Horses of Burthen they serve themselves of their Oxen and Cows with Charrets so easie to carry goods that they run up by the Mountains as if it were in a Plain though 't is very true that the wayes are so well helped by the Cliffs or Craggs that the Beasts may go any where with little labour This City was greatly illustrated and enriched certain years past by the General Council held here for that there met then five President Cardinals Two Legats of the Council for his Holiness Pius the fourth Chief Bishop or Pope of Rome being Cardinals also that is to say Cardinal Loreno and Cardinal Madruccio Three Patriarchs Thirty two Arch-bishops Two hundred and thirty Bishops Seven Abbots Seven Generals of Religion One hundred forty and six Doctors of Divinity between Seculars and Regulars The Embassadour of Ferdinand the Emperour as well in the name of the Empire as of the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia as also the Embassadours of the King of France of the King of Spain of the King of Poland and of Portugal of the Dukes of Bavaria of Savoy of Venice of Florence and of the other Catholique Princes The Council was held in the Church of Saint Mary where there is a very fair Organ In the Church of Saint Peter are the Ashes of the blessed Simeon Martyred by the wicked Jewes In the Church of the Fryers Heremitans lies buried Cardinal Seripando who was Legate of the Council a man famous for Holiness and Doctrine The Cannons are all illustrious persons and have authority to choose the Bishop Lord of the City and Prince of the Empire which dignity three Cardinals of the most Noble Family of the Madrucci have enjoyed successively of which one named Altiprando lives at
in many places of Treviso is found an Ox painted with this Motto Memor in memorial of their first founders Others say that Treviso was built by the Companions of Antenor Others by the Trojans who went from Pastagonia but whosoever it was built it imports not much since 't is most certain 't is a City of great Antiquiry They oftentimes came to Warlike disputes with the Padouans as also with the ãâã ââ¦or maintenance of their consiââ¦es and although through their vigilancy and victory over the power of their Enemies they had much enlarged their Tââ¦ritories almost over the whole Champain yet to secure themselves the better they erected several Towers whence they might discover their Enemies obstruct them from too near approaches and as necessitated therein make their own retreat secure and for this reason was it along time called the City of Towers ââ¦earing for its Aims three Black Towers in a white Field This City either for that it was the most noble of all the other or for that it became first under their Dominion the Longobardi made the seat of their Marquesate Marca signifying in their language Confines whence all this Province is called by the name of Marca Wherein antiently were six principal Cities at present but four with many other Cities and great Castles It s Territory is in length from East to West forty miles and from North to South fifty miles It was subjected to the Hunnes to the Longobards Then to the Hungarians afterwards to the People of Scalâ⦠after them to the Carraresians and lastly in the year of our Lord One thousand three hundred eighty eight it was reduced under the Dominion of the Venetians to whom from that time to this day they have maintained constant Faith and Obedience This City was converted to the Christian Faith by the Preaching of Saint Prosdocimo Disciple of Saint Peter from whence they took a white Crosse in a Red Field for their Aims in liew oâ⦠their Black Towers About Treviso runs the River Sile with many other Rivolets which incorporate with it and towards the East it hath the great River of Piave wherein they take the largest Crabfish The Countrey abounds in all things but principally it breeds the Fatrest Calves It conteins many sumptuous Pallaces and not a few Noble Families At eight miles distance from this City stands Altino which was founded by Antenor but alterwards layed wast by Attila between Treviso and Padoua presents it self the Rich and Civil Castle of Noale Upon the Mountains towards the North ââ¦ood the noble Castle of Asolo heretofore a Colony of the Romans as ãâã saith where with great delight dwelt the Queen of Ciprus having four miles off Asolo built a most beautiful ãâã ãâã as pleasââ¦t a Plain with Gardens Fountains Fish-ponds and all other recreations Eloigned from thence ten miles stands Castel I ranco a famous Castle which was built by the Trivisani in the year of our Lord One thousand one hundred ninety nine After which towards the East between the Rivers Piave and Livenza shewes it self Conegliano part whereof stands erected upon the Hill and part upon the Plain which is replenished with beautiful structures and a numerous People and enjoyes an Air so temperate that it acquired the name among the Germans of Cunicla which is as much as to say a Residence for a King This was the first place that the Venetians possessed upon the firm Land Adjacent hereto stand Colalto Narvisa and the Castle of Saint Salvadore to the most Noble Family of the Collalti appertaining A little further lies Oderto whereto in the time of the Romans the Adriatique Sea rise which encouraged the Oderzesians to set a Fleet to Sea Near thereunto ââ¦es la Motta the Countrey of Girolamo Alexandro created Cardinal by his Holiness Paul the third Bishop of Rome for his most excellent Doctrine being no less learned in the Greek and Hebrew Tongues than in the Latine Travelling from Treviso over a large and ãâã High-way at ten miles distance is met the Castle of Mestre and ââ¦wo miles off that Margherá where taking Boat after rowing the space of five miles you arrive at Venice VENETIA la Ricca or VENICE the Rich. HAving attained Le Lagune or the MOORES or SHOLES now the Streets of Venice you behold many proud Pallaces built of Marble adorned with Columbes Statues and Pictures of great value erected by those Noble Senatours with inestimable Expence and Artifice among which is Seated the Pallace of the Grimani imbellished with Statues Figures Pourtraicts high and great Colossuses and Vaults some of Marble and others of ãâã very artificially Carved and Engraven being brought hither from Greece and the Ruines of Aquileia In the open Gallery whereof are divers Marble Stones with excellent Inscriptions amongst the which we will hereunder set down some which are engraven upon ãâã Altars dedicated in honour of Beleno who was held in ãâã great veneration by the Inhabitants of Aquileia as the ãâã ãâã ãâã rodian and Giulio Capââ¦olino do averr and justifie The Titles ãâã which Inscriptions I believe will be very welcome and ãâã ãâã the Lovers of Antiquity Upon one four squared Altar is inscribed Beleno Mansuetus Verus Lââ¦ur Lau Et Vibiana Jantula V. S. Upon another Apollini Beleno Aug. In honorem C. Petti C. C. F. Pal. Fhiltati Eq. P. Praef. AEd. Pot. Praef. Et. Patron Collegiorum Fabr. ââ¦t Cent. Diocles Lib. Donum Dedit L. D. D. D. D. Upon another Belino Aug. Sacrum Voto suscepto Pro. Aquillio C. F. Pomp Vatente IIII. V. I. D. Design Phoebus Lib. V. S. L. M. Upon another Beleno Aug. Sacr. L. Cornelius L. Fil. Vell. Secundinus Aquil. Evoc Aug. N. Quod. In. Urb. Donum ââ¦ou Aquil. Perlatum Libens ââ¦osuit L. D. D. D. Upon another Beleno Aug. In. Memor Julior Marcell Et. Marcellae Et In Honorem Juliarum Charites ââ¦t Marcellae Filiar Et. Licin Macron Iunior Nepotis C. Iul. Agathopos VI. Vir. Aquil. L. D. D. D. Upon another Beleno Sex Graesernius Faustus VI. Vir. V. S. L. M. Upon another Eonti B. Upon another VI. Divinae Sacrum C. Verius C. F. Gavolus The next object worth a view is the Royal and Proud Pallace of the Duke of Venice which was first begun to be erected by Angeââ¦o Participatio in the year of our Lord Eight hundred and nine since when though six times burnt either in part or in all it rise again and recovered much more beauty and lustre Its Form is not altogether square the length somewhat exceeding the Bredth Towards the North of it stands the Church of Saint Marco towards the East the Grand Canale or Channell towards the South the Sea Coast and towards the West the Piazza or broad Place of Venice From the principal Gate of this Pallace to that Coign which stââ¦nds next the Bridge called Paglia or Straw Bridge towards the South It hath an Arcade of 36. Arches every one wherof are ten feet large
which space comprehending thirty three Pillars assââ¦rds in length three hundred foot which Collumns have no Bââ¦ses but excellent HEADS The two Frontispieces thereof appear Pargetted with White and Red Marble in the midst whereof are little Ascents or Hills whereon are set thirty seven Collumnes made in the Form of Pyramids with seventy two Arches The Facade or Frontispiece backwards was lately beautified with Istrian Stone and is contignous towards the North with the Church of Saint Marco The Roofs of this Pallace were heretofore covered with Lead but the fiââ¦e that happened in the year 1574. caused it to be covered instead of lead with Slââ¦t of a certain Mettle Every Front hath one Gate The principal which is conjoyned with the Church of a Piramide Figure looks towards the Piazza or broad Place just before which stands the winged Lion and the Duke Foscaro Carved in White Marble Next within on the right hand is found a spatious Court wherein are two Wells of sweet Water whose mouthes are made with Brass garnished with Spouts and other Curiosities At the end of this Court is the Gate which answers to the Sea Then having ascended the close Stairs called Foscara on the left hand you may go round the Pallace upon the Tarrace The two Fronts backwards the one whereof loââ¦ks towards the Sea the other towards tââ¦e Piazza parallell them that are forwards except that they have neither Arches nor Collumnes below The Front towards the East on the even ground hath thirty six Arches and as many Pillars of Istrian Stone over the which there is an open Gallery of fifty four Arches and fifty five Colââ¦umnes On the Top is drawn a Wall of Istrian Stone adorned with beautiful Cornishes Just against the Principall Gate stands the large Stayer-case of the Pallace towards the North which leads directly to the Lodging of the Prince at the foot of this Stayer-case stââ¦nds two Colossuses the one of Marse the other of Neptune Upon the ââ¦op thereof likewise just opposite to them stands two most excellent Statues the one of Adam the other of Fve The Front below towards the Canale or Channel hath two Stayer-cases by the which they ascend to that most Royal Corridor or open Gallery wherein stand many Tribunals or Courts of Justice Opposite to the Chief Stayer-case is a Memorial of Henry the third King of ãâã engraven in Marble with Letters of Gold From the South East they ascend that most splendid Stayer-case which upon the left hand leads to the Chamber of the Prince and on the right hand to the Colledge Where the Eye is wholly taken up with beholding the most sumptuous Vaulted or Arched Roof or Seeling Richly garnished with Gold This College stands towards the East over the Chamber of the Prince whose vaulted Roof as at Venice they call it is partly guilt partly Carved with great Artifice partly Painted and wrought with Histories even to Admiration At the upper end of this Hall is exalted the Imperial Throne of the Duke and the Images of Venice figured by a Queen who disposeth the Crown upon his Head Here the Duke with the Senatours transact the affairs of State and give Audience to Embassadours as well such as have recourse to them from their own Territories and Cities as of Foreign Princes Out of which leads a door into another great Hall wherein are figured all the Provinces which the Venetians possess upon the firm Land where also are erected eleven most excellent Statues of Emperours Issuing forth of these Places and walking towards the Sea you meet the dreadful Tribunals of the Counsel of Tenne where every Place gloriously shines with Gold and costliness A little more forwards is the spacious Hall or Senate House of the Great Counsel where they dispose the publique Offices and Ballott the Magistrates which Counsel orders it self in this manner First the Duke royally clad sits on a Throne raised a good higth from the Ground On his Right Hand he hath three Counsellors near him accompanyed by one of the Chief of the Magistrates of forty for Criminal Offences Just opposite to the Prince at the other End of the Great Hall sits one of the Chief of the Illustrious Counsel of the Tenne A little from whence seats himself one of the Advocates of Comminalty In the Angles or Corners of the Great Hall stands the Old and New Auditors In the middle are the Censors The rest of the Nobles of Venice sit promiscuously in other Seats less raised from the plain ground of the great Hall Into which Counsel cannot be admitted any that is not Noble and who is not above the age of twenty five years Afterwards the Grand Chancellour having first recommended to every One their duty to elect a Person fit for that Magistracy names the first Competitor Then certain litle Lads go up and down the Hall with double Boxes the one wherof is white the other green The White forwards the Green more inward gathering the Balls which Balls are small and made of Cloth that by the sound of the fall into the Box may not be judged into which 't is cast and before he casts in the suffrage giver must shew that he hath but one Ball and also tell the name of that Gentleman who stands for those that perhaps have not well heard who 't was do it many times over again He that would exclude the Stander casts the Balls into the Green Box and he that would have him chosen casts them into the White Box which are made in such a Form that none can discern into which of the Boxes they put their Balls The Procurators of Saint Mark never enter into this Great Counsel Except at the Election of the Duke but stand under the Lodge with the Master Officers of the Arsenal while that great Counsel is gathered together for its Guard dividing among themselves those dayes whereon they ought to have this Charge But of these things for further satisfaction we referr the Reader to such who treat of them at large herein intending only to glance briefly at the most remarkable things This great Hall is seventy three foot broad one hundred fifty foot long and was begun in the year One thousand three hundred nine On its walls were drawn by the most excellent Painters of that Age the victories of this Commonwealth Its Princes with many other famous Men of Italy which being spoyled by the smoak of that Fire which happened in the year 1577. in liew thereof was Painted the History of Alexander the third chief Bishop of Rome and Frederick the Emperour with the subjection of Constantinople to the Venetian Republique The Floors are wonderful neat Towards the East is seated the Throne of the Prince over which is a Paradise Painted by the hand of Tintoretto which was formerly Painted by Guariento and fils up all that Front In the Front over against that within a square of Marble is an Image of the Holy Virgin holding in
her Arms her little Infant compassed about by four Angels The Windows of this Hall look some into the Court and others into the Sea Near hereunto is the Magazine of the Pallace which is never opened but to Foreign Princes wherein is provision of Arms for fifteen hundred Gentlemen more or less and 't is divided into four spatious Portals with the Doors thereof of Cipres Wood which give a most sweet savour On the other side of the Hall of the Great Counsel is beheld the Hall of the Inquisitors with many and divers Pictures amongst which is a Judgement drawn by the hand of Tintoretto Thence descending by the Foscaran Stayers you enter the Dukes Chappel being the Cathedral Church of S. Mark which is built with the fairest and finest Marble with great skill and no less expence whose Pavement is composed all of little pieces of Porphiry and Serpentine and other pretious Stones after the Mosaick manner with divers Figures Among others there are some Figures Effigiated by Commission of Gionachino Abbat of Santo Fiore as is the common Fame by which is presaged and demonstrated the great ruine which will fall upon the People of Italy with other strange misfortunes Where you beheld two Cocks very boldly to carry away a Fox wich signifies as some will have it that two French Kings should carry away and force Lodovico Sforza out of the Seigniory of Milan And also some Lyons Large and Fat appear as put in the Water and some others set upon the shore very lean Upon the Walls of the finest Marble on the left hand are two Tables of white Marble somewhat weaved with black which at their joyning represent a Man so perfectly figured that 't is very wonderful to consider it Whereof Albertus Magnus in a work called Meteora as of a great rarity makes mention There are in this sumptuous Temple reckoned amongst the chief of Europe though not so much for its vastness as the design and pretious materials thirty six Collumnes of the finest Marble which are large two feet Diamiter The Roof of it is divided into five Cupoloes covered with Lead From the plain of this Place to the very Top of the Temple are the Fronts wrought up in Mosaicke work with Figures in a Field of Gold and certain little Heads of Pillars and Juttings out or Eeves of Marble upon which are set certain Images carved in Marble so perfectly that they seem alive There are also above this place on that part which lies over the great Gate whereof this Part hath five made of Brass four Horses very Antique of Brass guilt of an exact Proportion and extremely beautiful which the Romans caused to be cast to put them in the Triumfal Arch of Nero when he Triumphed over the Parthians and they being afterwards transported by Constantine to Constantinople from thence the Venetians being thereof become Lords transported them to Venice setting them upon the Temple of Saint Mark. In the Porch of the said Church is seen a red square Marble Stone upon which Alexander the third set his Foot upon the neck of Frederick the Emperour whereon for that reason are engraven these words Super Aspidem Basiliscum ambulabis After which mounting to the Top of the Quire by certain Steps of the finest Stones you come to the place where the Singers stand on the Chief Feast dayes There upon the great Alter is the rich and fair Pixe framed of Gold and Silver bedecked with many pretious Stones and Perl of an infinite price which all persons admire that behold it This Altar is covered over by one Arch disposed into the form of a Cross adorned with Marble which the Antients called Tiberiano supported with four Pillars of excellent Marble wherein are carved the History of the Old and New Testaments Behind this Altar arise four Pillars of the purest Alablaster five foot in length transparent as Glass placed there for Ornament of the Sacred and Holy Body of Jesus Christ consecrated or the Eucharist In this Church are preserved with great devotion many Reliques and among others the Body of the Evangelist this Republiques Protector Saint Mark with his Gospel written by his own hand On the right hand of the Temple in the midst thereof is a large and high Gate wrought all of Mosaique work on the one side wherof stands the Effigies of Saint Dominick and on the other that of Saint Francisco which as 't is reported were made by order of the above named Gionachino many years before the said Saints came into the world Within this Gate is kept the most rich Treasure of Saint Mark so much spoken of wherein are twelve pretious Crowns with twelve Brest Plates all compassed about with fine Gold and garnished with many Stones of great value Among divers others with Rubies Emeralds Topasses Crisolits and other pretious Stones and Perls of numatchable bigness Two Unicorns Horns of a great length with a third somewhat less Many very large Carbuncles Vessels of Gold Scollops of Agat and Jasper Stones of a good bigness One Huge Ruby given this State by Domenico Grimani a most worthy Cardinal An Emerald hower-glass heretofore presented to this most illustrious Seigniory by Uscassano King of Persia with many other pretious things Vessels and Censores of Gold and Silver There also lies the Mitre or Bonnet as we call it with which every new Duke is Crowned The which is traversed all over with the finest Gold and pollish't in whose wreathes are many most pretious stones and at the very Top a Carbuncle of inestimable valew I might also speak of the Candle-sticks and Challices with other things of such imminent valew as may create wonder in the beholders but would take up too much time and room to describe them in this Abreviation Just opposite to this Temple and distant from it about Eighty Paces stands the high Steeple which is 40. Foot square on all sides and Two Hundred and Thirty high with an Angel set upon the Top which like a Weather-cock turning with the Wind to all corners where it blowes ever hath the Face towards it All the said Top or upper part thereof is richly guilt which presents it to the Eye of such as addresse to Venice by reason of the reflection of the hot Sun thereon Lucidely shining at a great distance In the foundation of this Steeple was more expended as Sabellico declares than in all the other structure They ascend to the uppermost part of this Steeple by certain little winding steps within where a most excellent Prospect discovers it self as first the City of Venice divided into six Precincts consisting of many little Islands whose Bankes are conjoyned with Bridges the Streets the open Places the Churches the Monasteries and other sumptuous structures Moreover the small Islands seated round about the City to the number of sixty with their Monasteries Churches Pallaces and most beautiful Gardens Upon some of which Islands are erected many Collumnes by the Aquleiesi the
Vicentini the Opitergini Concordiesi Altinati and several other People who to fly the Fury of Attila King of the Hunnes recovered this Place gives no small Imbellishment to this View Between the said Moorish Grounds now the Streets and the Sea by Dame Nature is raised a Fence or Bank to defend the City the small Islands against the furious Waves of the Sea with which 't is invironed Which Fence is Thirty five Miles long and bends in the shape of a Bow opening it self in five several Places for each of which is a Gate as well to permit Barkes to enter in at them as to maintain the said Channels full of Water The profound Havens of Chioza and Malamocco with the Forts built at the Mouth of the said Havens to keep any Armado or Fleet at a distance And lastly the beholding the Mountaines of Carnia and of Histria and on the Right Hand the Apenine Hills with Lumbardy together with the Famous Hills called Euganei with the mouthes of the Rivers Adice and Poe and behind them the Alpes of Baviera and of the Gerisons alwaies covered with Snow gives no small satisfaction nor beauty to his Prospect And now we come to the Famous Piazza or broad place of S. Mark whose platform resembles a Carpenters square at the one end whereof stands the Admirable Church of St. Mark and at the other That of St. Geminian wrought with excellent Stones and round the said Place are built fair and sumptuous Houses all of Marble Stone under which are large open Galleries wherein are Shops for several Artificors In this place daily appear an infinite number of Persons of all Qualities and Countries in their several Habits as well for Newes and Discourses as for Traffick and Merchandize At the upper end of the said Place upon the Channel called La Giââ¦deca are two Pillars admired for their Heigth and Bigness which were transported heretofore from Constantinople upon the one whereof stands a Winged Lyon the Republick Armes in token of St. Marke their Protector with this Motto Pax tibi Marce Evangelistââ¦mens and upon the other is set the Statue of St. Theodore between which Justice is done upon Traitorous Persons These were brought from Greece to Venice in the time of Sebastian Ciani the Duke upon certain Vessels of burden together with another of equal Greatness the which overcomming the Power and Industry of the Workmen labouring to lay it on the Earth it fell into the Water where at this time t is to be seen in the Deep These vast Columns were reared by an Engineer of Lombardy named Nicolo Berreterro by the strength of great Ropes wet with water retiring by little and little who asked no other reward for this his worke but that it might be Lawful for Dice-Players to play there when they pleased without any penalty This Piazza is not intirely one alone but fower united together Opposite to the Church are reared three Standards upon three high pieces of Timber which are fastened by Lead cast into the boared holes they are wrought with figures to denote the liberty of this City and have Brass Pedestalls On the right side of the Church stands the Clock house adorned with the Celestial Signs gilt thereon with the Sun and Moons monethly ingress into them most exactly wrought and painted Neer the Steeple is a sumptuous Palace built in this Age after the Ionick and Dorick fashion which reaches even to the Church of Sain Geminian which for the excellency of the Marble Statues Casements Cornishes Frets and other ornaments together with the most incomparable Architecture gives not place to any palace of Italy Next is the Zecca or Mint-house built all of flint Stone and Iron Barrs without any manner of Timber Annexed thereunto Stands the Library which had its Original from Petrarca and was afterwards aggrandized by the Cardinals Niceno Alexandro and Grimano Lastly this Piazza is rendred so Proud and marvellous by the Uniformity of Building and other Imbellishments that I cannot say all Europe affords its like The Island Muran must next be visited by taking Gondola or Boat which for its Furnaces of Glass is much admired through the World This Island is distant from Venice about a Mile and was begun to be inhabited by the Altinati and Opitergini for fear of the Hunnes At present 't is very comely and resembling Venice as well in the structures as in the Quantity of Churches but much more pleasant and delightful in respect most of the Houses have open and spacious Gardens set with all sorts of fruitful Trees Among others is the Church of Saint Peter with a Monastery belonging to the preaching Fryers well built wherein is a famous Library full of good Books In this Place they make all sorts of Vessels of Glass called Crystal Glass whose variety Workmanship surpass all others of the same materials of the whole world And the Artizans except in excellency of the materials every day find out new Inventions to make them appear more desirable with works divers from one another I will not speak of the variety of colours which they give thereunto because 't is so marvellous that I imagine it worthy all Peoples sight They counterfet excellently several things of Agate Calcidonian Emerald and Hyacinths with other pretty Toyes so excellently that I believe were Pliny to be revived and should behold them he would admiring them much more praise these mens workmanship and these artificial things than he does the vessels of Earth made and burned by the People of Aretini or of any other Nation Opposite to the Piazza of Saint Mark and about half a mile distaââ¦t is seen the Church of Saint George the Greater a stately structure of Marble In which is beheld most curious Marble both in the Pavements and in the Statues with rich workmanship of Silver and most sumptuous Sepulchres of Princes The Fryers of Saint Benedict have here a noble Monastery wherein are long open Galleries spacious Courts ample eating-Rooms and sleeping-Chambers as also most pleasant Gardens with a worthy Library In Venice are seventeen Rich Hospitals with a great number of wealthy Churches adorned with the exactest marble Stone consisting of sixty seven parish-Parish-Churches fifty fower Convents of Fryers twenty six Monasteries of Nunns eighteen Chapels six Schools kept within the Principal Fryeries or Monasteries In all which Churches are fifty bodies of Saints one hundred forty and three Organs many Statues made at the cost of the Republick in remembrance of illustrious Persons which have valiantly fought for her or done some other signal piece of service that is to say 165 of Marble and 23 of Brass among which most worthily presents it self That proud Statue on Horseback wrought with Gold of Bartolomeo Coglione the most famous Captain-General of the Venetian Army dedicated to him by this Republiek before the Church of Saint John and Paul in testimony of his Fidelity and Valour Moreover there are fifty six
near which stands a Palace in manner of a Fortress built with those very Large squared wrought Stones which were brought from the other ruinated Palaces and Forts by Eccellino the Tyrant with a Fort and most fayr Tower in the yeer 1250 And is now possessed by the Count Giacomo Zabarella as is above said The seventh wonderfull Object of Padoua is il Prato della valle a Meadow so ample that t would alone contain a great City It was antiently called Campo Marzo the field of Mars from the Martial exercises there used and in this place were many Saints beheaded by the Pagans to such a number that they are wont to say that part which is compassed by Water was emplastered with the blood of those Martyrs Here every first Saturday of the Moneth is held a free Fayr or Market of all sorts of Cattel and other Creatures and at the Feast of Saint Antonio is a famous Fayr there which although it happens in the hottest Weather being there kept for fifteen days in the midest of June and that there are then many thousands of Creatures yet there is never seen a Fly to molest them If to these might be added an eighth Wonder we would name the Vineyard or Garden of the Knight Bonifacio Papa fava situate in the Street called Vanzo where besides a most fair and adorned Palace you beholds many statues of excellent workmanship and infinite numbers of Cittron and Orange Trees which forme lovely walks to the Passengers for beautifying whereof of those Trees are framed Arches and Prospects to delight the eye to whose confines is conjoyned a full stream of water brought from the main River by a curious Aqueduct which being confined to one Gate under the Wall gives at its utterance a sweet murmur and with its clear gurgling on every side washes the Foot of the Palace And the flowry bankes within which the said Rivolet is contained renders the Palace as it were in an Island of so specious delights and pleasant Savours that what is added by Art to that of Nature may well cause it to be termed the eighth wonder Hither flock for their Pastime the Ladies and Gallants of Padoua inviteing with them also the Foreiners with their Musick and other Pastimes where in the hottest Weather the shade of the Trees the Ampleness of the Walks the pleasantness of the Waters and the beauty of the site add to their other joys and delights a fresh Ayr. And although these beauties shew themselves in perfection yet that magnanimous Cavalier never ceases to illustrate it to his no small costs with greater delights and by this and his other Gallantries shewes himself to be born of that Family which for its Greatness and Dominion was no less formidable in Italy than renowned in Europe At this present resides here this Noble Person with his Brother Scipio Papafava Knight of the great Cross of the Order of Hierusalem Prior of Messina and the most worthy Primate of the whole Kingdome of Sicilia together with the virtuous Roberto Son of the above named Cavalier Bonifacio young in yeers but his conditions aââ¦d practices may challenge the ripest Age who is the Comendatory Abbot of Sebinico being Doctor of Philosophy of Divinity of the Laws a true Splendor to his Country and Family being conversant in the Greek Latine and Hebrew Tongues and well known in the Mathematicks as was testified by the singular experiments of his Ingenuity some Moneths since There flourishes likewise of this Noble Family at this time a numerous company of Cavaliers and great Subjects who degrade not from their most famous and Antient Progenitors of whom to speak but little will diminish from their Fame and much is not opportune in this place for their Ordinary dwelling these Signors have a Palace in the Street San Francesco Maggiore where they have Coppies of exquisite Books in all the Professions left them by Monsignor Ubertino Papafava Bishop of Adria Brother of Bonifacio besides many antient Manuscripts and Authors not yet printed which relate the Histories of this Family also the old coyning Press of the Carraresian Princes with other pretious monuments of this House preserved in the Chamber of Rowles of the said Palace which may be termed the most large and worth seeing of this City And now we come to the Spiritual wonders and Churches of Padoua whereof the first is the Domo or Cathedral Church situate near in the midst of the City The Padouans were converted to the Christian Faith by the predication of Saint Prosdocimo their first Bishopp authorized by Saint Peter who among others baptized Vitaliono the Chief Man in this City who therefore built the Church of Saint Soffia Henry the fourth Emperor enriched this Cathedral giving to it twenty seaven rich Canonicats of so good a revenew that they may be styled so many Bishops among which are four dignities that is to say Arch priest Arch. Deacon The Person that hath charge of the wax c. And the Deacon there are twelve under Canons six Custodi or Rectors and six Mansonary or Houskeepers and more than 60 other Persons and Clerks belonging to the Chapel besides the Masters of Grammar and Musick with many excellent Singers so that this Clergy exceeds a hundred Persons and their Revenew above a hundred thousand Duckats by the yeer which makes it the most noble and Rich of Italy and therefore t is that the Bishop of Padoua is styled a little Pope and his Canons with some reason the Cardinals of Lombardy for that their Chapter is alwaies filled with the Nobility of Venice Padoua and other Cities whereof so many have ascended to the Miter and Hatt that t is worthily called to this day the Seminary of Cardinals and great Prelates In this Church not elsewhere as is pretended lyes enterred the Wife of Henry the fourth whose name was Berta as is proved by this antique Inscription Praesulis Cleri praesenti praedia phano Donavit Regina jacens hoc marmore Berta Henrici ââ¦egis Patavi celeberrima quarti Conjunx tam grandi dono memoranda per aevum Under the Chorus within a rich Monument of Marble lies the Body of Saint Daniel one of the four Tutelars Two great Cardinals repose in this Church who were both Arch priests of the same that is to say Pileo de Pratta and Francesco Zabarella with other eminent Persons Pileo Conti di Pratta a Citizen of Padona and of Furlan was for his vertue created Bishop of Padoua and afterwards Cardinal of Saint Prassede by Pope Gregory the 11th and Apostolick Legate But in the yeer 1378. the Schism being risen between Urban the sixth his successor and Clement the Antipope he was deposed by Urban after whose death Bonifacio the ninth suceeding he was again created Cardinal with the Title of the Tusculan Bishop and Apostolick Legate and finally he dyed at Padoua and was buried in this Church in a sublime and most noble Arch with this memorial Pileus
Sacco from which the Bishop of Padoua takes his Title of Count a little beyond that stands Polverara where are bred the largest foul as Cocks and Hens of all Italy Near which begins the Sholes or Gulph of Venice between which appears the most antient now deserted Citââ¦y of Adria which formerly gave the name of Mare Adriaticum to the Sea now called the Golph of Venice Towards the North stands the Castle di Campo San Piero whence that Noble Family took its name and Original Between Padoua and Bassano is built a Citââ¦adel Towards the West is the City Vicenza with the famous Mountains Euganei so called in the Greek tongue for their excessive deliciousness whence the Padouans extract great quantities of Medicinal herbs Which Hils are neither part of the Alps nor part of the Apenines a thing scarce credible than which Constantiue Paleologo said as Rodigino reports that besides the Terrestial Paradice t was not possible the World could afford a place more full of delights At five miles distance from Padoua are extant the Baths of Albano where is to be admir'd the different kinds of Waters how out of a vast high cavernous Rock arises two sources of Water not above 2 foot one from the other of a perfect different nature the one whereof encrusts converts into a hard white stone not only the Banks by which it runs but what ever els is cast into it in creasing the saidc rustment of what is thrown in according to the time t is left in it and that which is more it begets Stone of the same nature upon the wheel of a Mill which is turned by its stream which every Moneth enforces the workemen to beat it off with Pickaxes that their Mill may not be hindred the Water hereof is never drunk by any creature being held very hurtfull but the other Water runs upon a light Sand is much more light in weight than the first and is divers times drank for sundty healthfull operatioÌs the people have dug the Earth in parts round the said Hill and have found Sulphure about the middle part and at the root of them having dug towards the East and South parts they have found Salt Abano at this day is nothing so much inhabited as we ought to believe it was heretofore by reason that upon any digging they often find underground many Reliques of Antiquity some also will have it that here they spun the finest Linnen Cloth On the other side of Abano stands the sumptuous and rich Monastery of Praia with the black Monks of Saint Renedict and near it the Church of Santa Maria di Monte Ortone Approaching whereunto is the Convent of the Fryars Ermitans of Saint Augustine called Scalci or without Shoos in which are sources of boyling water and mud excellent for pains and shrunk sinews though the difficulty with which they are come at renders them of less common use than they would be for they are a vast way in the Earth and in small quantities too but they are of a white colour and stiff as well wrought clay not black and dirty as those which are commonly gotten out of the adjacent Montagnone They pass from Padoua to Estè upon the River and upon the way espy the noble Castle of Monselice environed with most pleasant Hills also the foundations of a ruinated fortress where they gather infinite numbers of Vipers for the composing of that so much famed Venice Treacle On the left side whereof is the Hill Arquato Contrada much spoken of in memory of Franc Petrarca whose habitation being long there at length he gave up the Ghost and was there honourably interred in a sepulchre of Marble with this Epitaph enscribed which himself made as followes Frigida Francisci lapis hic tegt ossa Petrarcae Suscipe virgo Parens animam sate Virgne parce Fessaque jam terris caeli requiescat in Arce At this day also may be seen there his House his Chair and little Garden Two miles distant from Arquato upon a little Hill is Cataio a large Town of the Signors Obici thence they come to Battaglia a Parish near the River seaven miles after which one arrives at Estè a noble Castle and antient whence that Illustrious Family of Estè drew their Original Whose Palace is transformed into a Monastery by the Dominican Fryers From this Country they extract besides abundance of all other things for sustenance excellent Wines It contains 100000 Souls and the publick have 18000 Crowns of yeerly income There they ascend the Mountain of Vende where is a Monastery of the Fryers of Mount Oliveto three miles whence stands another Mountain where is the rich Abbacy and Monastery of the Fryers of Camaldol Tenn miles beyond Estè is seated the noble Castle of Montagnana nothing inferiour to that of Estè neither in Riches nor Civility where they much trade in Hemp. Eight miles farther is Lendinara a very strong Castle Town washed with the River Adice but the Ayr is a little gross in the Winter time it contayns 4000 Souls Near which is the Castle Sanguienedo in the Confines between the Venetians and the Duke of Mantoua where there is a fayr even way for eighteen miles length Isuing out of the gate of Padoua called S. Croce which leads to Ferrara first you meet Conselve heretofore a Castle of the Signori Lazara where stands the most delitious palace of the Count Nicholas of Lazara a magnanimous and generous Knight wherein Henry the third King of France and Poland quartered near it lies the Count Paludo whence the said Signor derives his Lordship t is a Country Noble and Fertile is a Convent of the Fathers Hermitans founded by Giovanni de Lazara Knight of S. Giacomo and Lieutenant General of the Venetian Cavalrie in the yeer 1574. After which is met Anguillara whereby the Adice passeth Farther on they go to Rovigo made a City by the Prince or Duke of Venice seated 25 miles from Padoua and 18 from Ferara It was built out of the Ruines of Adria whence t is not allocated above a mile t is hathed by an Arm of the Adice where are erected noble dwellings environed with a deep Ditch or Fosse which in circuit are about a mile its Country is most Fertile being compassed about with the 4 Rivers The Poe the Adice the Tartaro the Castagnaro And so it borrowes the name of Polesine which signifies Peninsula almost an Island from its length and the circum volution of those Rivers Many Illustrious Persons have added to the Glory of this their Countrey as the Cardinal Roverella Brusoneo the Poet Celio the Riccobuoni and Gio Tomaso Minadoi a most learned Physician who wrote the Persian History with other famous men It hath a Church dedicated to Saint Bellino heretofore Bishop of Padoua the Priests whereof with miraculous success restore to health such as are bit by mad Dogs whom they as suddainly cure as indubitably with
a certain exorcism which if malignity proceeded in a natural course of Physick would not only require the best skill but length of time Whosoever reads the 36th Ch. of the 6th Book of Diosc. and those other Tractates writ on that infirmity may comprehend how great this miracle is Mathioli in the cited fol. of Diosc. owned the success and willing to deduce it from some natural cause saith that possibly these Priests might intermix some medicinal herb or secret with that bread which they are wont to bless for Dog-bitten Mad Persons but this may easily be answered For this Church is governed by two poor Priests who many times desert it nor are they of a selected condition and t were strange if since the time of Saint Bellino to this day none should arrive therebut he must bring that medicinal secret with him Secondly they give but one little morcel of that blessed bread to a person and it can scarce be imagined enough of the medicine should be conteyned in so small a parcel of Bread for so wonderfully a dangerous disease Thirdly the Nuns of Saint Fetro in Padoua have an antient Key which was San Bellinoes which Key heated and its sign made on the head of the mad Dogg he never after that is troubled with the least sign of madness Which being t is necessarily conluded and the Physicians must pââ¦r force confess that t is a pure Miracle wrought by God at the intercession of San Bellino who by the instigation of certain evil People was torn in pieces by Doggs and his glorious Corps layed up in the said Church of Polesene Desiring to go to Ferrara First they take the way Rosati till they arrive at the Poe which passing by Bark they reach Francolino a County some five miles from Ferrara VICENZA VIcenza is now seated in the Marca Trivigiana or the Marquisate of Ireves It was built according to Livie Justine and Paulo Diacono by the Galli Senoni who fell down into Italy in the Reign of Tarquinius Priscus in Rome giving the name of Gallia Cisalpiââ¦a to that part possessed by them But Strabo Pliny and Polybââ¦s will have it to be founded by the Antient Tuscans and that it was one of the twelve Cities under their dominion on this side of the Apenines and that it was much encreased and amplified by the Galli Senones When afterwards the Cities thereabouts performed good service for Omnipotent Rome at the descent of other French men in the yeer 366. into Italy and at their Assayling of Rome Vicenza being one of them in recompence of their assistance so oportunely contributed was created Municipal a Free City whence exercising their own Laws and Statutes they participated of the honours and dignities of Rome and thence t is we find so many of its Citizens in the Magistracy of that grand Republick among others Aulus Cecinna the Consul was General of the Army of Vitellius the Emperour In whose honour because he so much surpassed the fame of an ordinary Citizen It will not be impertinent to place here this following antient inscription A Caecinnae Felicis Viteliani exercit Imp. Ob Virtutem munus Gladi atorum apud se exhibitum Cremona To it was allotted also the Title of Republick and City as is to be seen in many antient Marble Stones up and down the Countrey and t was assigned to the Tribe Menenia It was under the protection of Brutus and Cicero as appears in his familiar Epistles and in this antient inscribed memorial D. Bruto M. Tullio Viris in Senatu contra Vernas optimè de se meritis Viceut All the time the Roman Empire continued in its Grandezza it ever followed the victorious Eagle which decaying this also suf fered much Calamity and underwent those mutations which it and all the Cities of Italy groââ¦ned under with miserable example Not at all nevertheless declining from its antient Vigour and Reputation Whence it was that the Longobardi held it very considerable and assigned to it It s own particular Dukes and Counts Those Governours calling themselves by that Title for that they continued for life and to their Heirs masculines after them Of one of whom Paolo Diacono makes a noble record in the life of Leon the Emperor which was Peredeo Duke of Vicenza who marched to Ravenna in assistance to the Pope and there dyed fighting valiantly for his Holiness This City was by Desiderio the last King of the Longobardi selected amongst all his to place securely his Son Aldigerio when himself was besiged in Pavia by Charles the great but it avoided not its total destruction The Reliques of its antient Theatre which at this day demonstrate themselves in the Gardens of the Signori Pigafetta and Gualdi wherein both the Kings of the Longobardi and those of France often sate to behold the publick shewes and Games And the fragments of the hot Bathes with the Pilasters for the Aqueducts give sufficient testimony that it had no defect of whatsoever either for Ornament or magnificence other famous Cities use to enjoy And at that time when Loââ¦arius the Emperor endeavoured in Rome in the yeer 825 to reform the occasion of the Feudes and to that end convocated the principal Lawyers of the primary Cities of Italy He also invited the Vicentine Counsellors with an honourable testimony of what esteem he had for the City Vicentia Furthermore when Ottone King of Germanie the Berengarii being overcome and discomfited was by the Pope crowned Emperor he remised the Italian Cities in Liberty granting unto them Power to elect their Podestà or chief Governour and to enjoy their own Laws among the rest Vicenza participated of that so great a gift Whence forming a Carrocio or Chariot which was the Badge of a free City and acknowleging the Empire with the ordinary Tribute it lived in the form of a Republick although much perplexed with the most cruel factions of its own Citizens until the yeer 1143. When Federico Barbarrossa having gathered the utmost of his Power forced all the Cities of Italy into servitude and destroying Milan in the rest constituted a German Podesta Vicenza endured not long this Tyranny but united with Padoua and Verona they shoke off the yoke and sent the first Embassadors to the Milanesi to offer them assistance and to perswade them to do the like and so they concluded the famous League of the Cities of Lombardy by which Colleagues Barbarossa being overcome between Como and Milan was driven to the other side of the Alpes Which victory the peace of Costanza followed to the conclusion whereof came also the Orators of Vicenza where they megliorated enough their Cities Condition and the state of their Liberty chiefly for that Henry the Son and successor of Federick confirmed the abovenamed Peace with all the conditions conceded by his Father All the Embassadors of the Colleagued Cities randezvousing at Piacense to that purpose where also was the Emperor and Michael Capra a Vicentine
was comissionated thither for the City of Bolognia In those dayes the Republicks Library flourished in this City with infinite coÌcourse of Forein Nations abounding with the most worthy Professors in all the sciences and Arts which it appears continued to the yeer 1228. In which yeer Federick the second being exalted to the Empire an extream Enemy to the Pope and Cities of Italy after many ruines whch he brought on others in the yeer 1236 burnt and destroyed Vicenza exercising his greatest cruelty against the most potent Citizens which reduced it with great ease under the wicked Tyrant Eccellino continuing so until his death when waving and debilitated it by degrees crawled up the steps of its Antient Liberty yet not so strongly but that after 46 yeers it underwent by the Citizens neglect the Signory of the Scaligeri who there governed under the shadow and name of an Empire and that title not improperly taken for that Can Grande at that time their head was a most valiant and potent Lord. Vicenza was well treated under their government and many publick Edifices restored but the wheele of Fortune running round and the Line of those Lawfull Signors extinct Antonio the last of them and illegitimate was first deprived of Verona then of Vicenza by Gio Galleazze first Viscount of Milan by whom it was held very dear and so much honoured for its fidelity that he made it the Chamber of his Empire He dead Catarina his Wife distrusting her own ability to maintain so great Dominions by her Letters full of Courtesy absolving their Oath of fidelity gave the Vicentines ample Liberty to elect their own Government who after divers consultations and many solicitations to colleague themselves with the Switzers and to become one of their Cantons having at large supervised the great calamities of the passed times and fearing future miseries At length the Advice of Heââ¦rico Capra a wise and esteemed Citizen of great Interest both for his many adherents and riches prevailed to surrender themselves of their own free accords to the Republick of Venice whose pleasing Goverment was then become famous through the whole world Who accepting with all Gratitude this their free offer confirmed unto them all such Jurisdictions Statutes Prerogatives as they knew how to demand and in particular the Consularship the most Antient Magistracy of this City and received it into protection styling it the first Born and most faithfull City under whose Signory it hath ever since continued dayly encreasing both their Wealth and conveniences Yet notwithstanding at the Inroad of Giââ¦radada the State of Venice though unwillingly gave way to the Signory of the whole firm Land by which means Vicenza fell into the hands of Massiminian the Emperor who sent thither Leonardo Trissino to receive possession thereof as Vicar of the Empire which he performed there as also in Padoua Who with Vicentia through the great affection they bore the Republick of Venice and the singular Prudence of the Venetian Senate within some few yeers after easily returned to their former Obedience under it This City is four miles in circuit in form like the figure of a Scorpion although informer times it had the Reputation of strong from the double Walls which invironed it yet t is neither fortified nor capable of Fortification it being situated at the bottome of a Hill that comands the Town however voluntarily living like the Antient Spartans the Citizens proââ¦ess that the Walls of their Breasts suffice to maintain even to the death their Fidelity to their natural Prince which preserves it with safety It is washed by two Rivers Bacchileone by some Latines called also Meduaco Minore and Rerone Ereteno before mentioned together with two other small Brooks Astichello and Seriola which serve them with many conveniences All which united at a small distance from the City form a Navigable River as well upwards as downwards capable of Vessels of a huge burthen who passing by Padoua reach Venice and give the best occasion and reason for the riches of that Countrey They account that it with the Burroughs conteyn 40000. Souls being replenisht with Proud and Stately Palaces Noble Temples and publick Structures built after the modern Architecture the Hall of Justice wherein the Judges assemble to do Justice for its Antient and modern Structure may be compared with any in Italy Upon the highest Tower raised to a Wonder which joyns to it is placed the Horologe which serves all the City within and a mile out of it most comodiously The Piazza most capacious for all their Justings and Turnaments where morn even reÌder themselves the Nobility is no less adorned with Open Galleries the FoÌrt of the said Palace than with a fayr habitation for the Seignor Capitano and the Fabrick of that mount Piety which is so rich that they lend such sums as the poor Citizens require without any Usurie Besides this which is called Piazza Maggiore there are five other Piazzaes for the publick markets of Poultry Grain Wine Wood Hay Fish Fruits and Herbs And as the Splendidness of the Vicentians Spirits is apparent in profane things so does their Piety and magnificense no less shine in and towards the Divine worship For which they number in the City 50. Churches accounted Stately and beautified with antient and modern Pictures whereof 14. are Parochials 17. of Fryers and 12. of Nuns all well furnished with receptacles and other necessaries for subsistence Among which the Mendicants or begging Fryers by the Charity of the Citizens have no mean Reliefs In the Country are also 3. other Monasteries of Nunns and above 20. of Fryers besides Parochials which are very ample in the Villages They are well stored with Hospitals for the poor of all conditions having nine besides the Confraternities and other retreats of Godly peââ¦sons who wait on works of Charity In the Cathedral signal for the good Bishoprick of 12000 Duckats yeerly Revenue besides other Reliqââ¦es they keep the bodies of the Martyrs Carpoforo and Leoncio Vicentines And in the Church of Santa Corona of the Dominican Fryers one of the thorns of the Crown of the Saviour of the World given in the yeer 1260. by Lodovico or Lewis the Saint King of Franee to Bartolomeo Breganze Citizen and Bishop of Vicenza It received the Light of the Faith of Christ by the teaching of Saint Prosdocimo first Bishop of Padcua Saint Paul yet living Near the Domo stands l'Oratoria de Madonna or the Oratory of our Lady raised by those of that confraternity in imitation of that of Rome which possibly in magnificence and beauty it surpasseth It s State under the Venetian Dominion is such as certainly no City under their power hath greater privileges The Consul the most antient Jurisdiction of this City judging all Criminal Offences and its own Citizens all other civil Causes For which end the Council chuseth a round of four Doctors and 8 Laicks which change by fours every month These form the
for the Markets and to walk in one for the Nobility and another for the Marchants In the bigger whereof stands a Stately Fountain with a Statue representing Verona with a Kingly Diadem at her Feet The most beautifull River Adice runs by Verona which comes just from the Alpes of Trint and sends two arms through the Streets of the City for its greater conveniency by which River they convey to Verona divers Merchandices from Germany and Venice There are many Mills within and without the City and other Edifices for the Mecanicks They have four Bridges over the Adice all erected with excellent artifice and beauty one whereof hath two spatious Arches which give a Noble prospect Europe scarce affording any more polite and truer built This City abounds with all things necessary Their fruits are all delicious but the Figs Bardolini exceed all others It hath Fish very sweet from the Lake Garda Good Meat from the excellent Pasture exquisite Wines from the Hills good Corn from the Vales and good health from the Ayr though somewhat piercing The Merchandize of Cloth and Silk mantains above 20000. Handicrafts-men Verona was under the Etrurians the Euganei the Heneti the French and the Romans with whom it was confederated and had voices in the ballottinges of Rome The Romans never sent a Colony into Verona but it was ascribed to the Tribu Poblilia and the Veronians have had many Magistrates in Rome Heretofore 4. Deputies had the clear and mixt government of this City as the Roman Consuls which 4. were created by the Citizens together with the other Magistrates whereof they yet retein some shadow by having Consuls the wise men the Counsel of twelve the hundred and twenty and the Prefect of the Merchants Afterwards the Roman Empire declining Verona became under the Command of certain barbarous Tyrants but they being driven out by the Ostragoths and they by the Longobards who were Lords of it 200. yeers it was finally freed from their Signory and fell into the power of the successors of Charles the great that is of Pipin and Berengarius and others who there made the Seat of their Empire as Albano King of the Longobardi had done formerly In the Reign of Ottone the First it again recovered its Liberty but discords arising among the Citizens it was opprest by the Tyranny of Ezzelino and the Scaligiri it s own Citizens who Lorded it for 200. yeers Last of all being also opprest by others it voluntarily rendred it self to the power of the Venetians who in those daies were esteemed the Justest of Lords It was converted to the Christian Faith by Euperius commissionated to preach there from Saint Peetre It had thirty six Bishops Saints with S. Zenone its Protector to whom Pipin Son of Charles the great dedicated a Church with twelve pounds of gold for yeerly revenue The greater Church is a most noble one and rich with a Chapter of Canons of much authority In the Church of S. Anastassia is a fayr Chapel of Giano Fresco a Genouai Captain filled with Marble Statues and his own effigies The people of Verona are pious and have alwaies had good Bishops in particular lately Augustin Falerio a most upright Prelate and illustrious Cardinal as he was ever accounted by the most holy Fathers and Docters of the Chvrch. Nor will we forget Nicolo Hormanetto Bishop of Padoua nor Giberto who was the reformer of many Churches the first of whom brought into that Province Carlo Borromeo Doctor and Head of all the holy men and the most shining Star of the College of Cardinals Nor that the Churches of Verona before the Conncel of Trent were reformed into that order they still observe They give divine honors to Lucius the third Pope who going to Verona there to call a Council passed into a better Life and was there interred in the great Church whence in Verona was created Urban the third his Successor Verona is well peopled and hath many noble Families and hath produced signal Men in all exercises It had some Consuls in Rome It hath had many holy men and many blessed among which is famous San Pietro the Martyr of the Preaching order buried in Milan born in the Street of S. Stefano in Verona where at present may be seen the house of his Nativity The Veronians have sharp wits and are much inclined to Learning which hath occasioned that it in every Age hath brought forth Men of excellent esteem in all sciences They were Veronians that have their five Statues set upon the publick Palace So also was the learned Scaliger for whose sake and his Family i Signori della Scala is erected in the heart of the City a Stately Marble Tomb encompassed with Iron work resembling a Ladder which that name implies It hath afforded some Women too so well read in the Greek and Latin tongue and the Sciences that they have held disputes with many learned Men among others Isotta Nogarola was glorious it hath one Porphyre Tomb of a King of the Goths In summ Verona possesseth all those things that may render a Citty perfect and its Citizens happy So that t is no wonder that many Emperors induced by the beauty of the place spent some Moneths of the yeer there as we read in the codicils of Justinian and Theodosius and that Alboino first King of the Longobards and Pepin Son of Charls the Great and Berengarius with other Kings of Italy selected it for their own Residences and to the end no ornament might be wanting instituted an Academy for good Letters and Study of humanity in the house of the Signori Bevilacque whereof Cota a good Poet of our times saies well thus Verona qui te viderit non amarit protinus amore perditissimo is credo se ipsum non amat caretque amandi sensibus tollit omnes gratias The Territory of VERONA THe Territory of Verona in our times is about 80. Miles large from the Confines of Torbolo a Castle of Trent towards the South to the Polesene of Rovigo and from the Eastern part from the confines of Vicentia to them of Brescia which are towards the North 46. Miles and 15. miles towards South-East where it confines with the Padouan t is 30. miles long a fertile plain towards the Northwest it hath 25. miles of mountainous Countrey Towards South and by East thirty Mils to the Ferrarian or Mantouan confines of most fertile Countreys being no less pleasant than fruitfull of whatever can be desired It hath Mountains Hills Woods diverse navigable Rivers clear fountains oyl good Corn good Wine Hemp and great plenty of Fruit and Trees bearing Apples more sweet fresh and of longer keeping than any other Country It hath Fowl and Flesh of all sorts divers sorts of Stone and Chalk Villages with fair Fabricks and foundations of antient Towers In sum it may well be called as fair and happy a Territory as any other and more than some are Going out of the Gate Vescovato
turning on the left hand after having met with many fruitfull Hills and the ruins of an antient Castle you come to the Burrough S. Michael which hath a fair Church dedicated to the blessed Virgin wherein they have seen many miricles and many Paper Mills being 5. miles from Verona then following the way a little on the right hand one findes the Baths helpfull for the Sterility of Women and to refresh the Reyns where the Learned Calderino was born who after lived in Rome T is reported that there stood an antient Castle and that the Church of Saint Matthew the Apostle was a Temple of Juno Opposite whereto upon a Hill is seen il Castllo Soave built in a lovely site by the Scaligeri a little forwarder is Monte Forte a Town belonging to the Veronian Bishoprick upon the very confines as on the other side on the confines is the Burrough Saint Boniface On that part which looks towards the North-East are some plains well inhabited That part looking towards the South begins from the Porta Nova and goes to Lonigo a Cologna wherein is nothing remarkable more than its fertility and the head of the River Tartaro and on that side towards Mantoua 17. miles distant from Verona is the Island Scala so well replenished with people and goods that it hath in some sort the face of a City Towards the West before Verona lies a Stony untild Champion or Downs but famous for divers deeds of Arms there performed by great Captains T is said that Sabino Giuliano who would have gotten the Empire was there by Carino Cesare overthrown and flain that Odouacro King of the Herlui and Turcillingi having by violence obteyned the Kingdome of Italy forcing out Augustolo and therein tyranized some yeers was in this place discomfited in a Battel of three days by Theodorick King of the Ostrogoths That Lamberto Son of Guidon King of Spoleto was there overcome with 14000. Hungarian Souldiers by Berengarius That some yeers after by Gugone Arelatense Arnoldo Captain of Baviera with a potent Army of Germans was there cut in pieces whom the Veronians first called into Italy for King against Hugone and had received into their City as victorious and triumphant That there likeness was overcome and deprived of his Kingdom the second Berengarius by Rodolfus Borgondus and that in antient times in that place were fought many Battels of no less consequence than obaining or losing of the Kingdom of Italy with various success But as to what Biondo saith that in that Down C. Marius vanquished the Germans and the Cimbrians who made a furious incursion into Italy 't is very uncertain because Historians much differ in describing the place where that memorable Act was performed Thence one may go to Villa Franca and Sanzeno rich Villages confines to the Mantoua Territories but if from those Downs one take towards the South having passed many Villages you arrive at Peschiero a strong Castle but of ill Ayr 14. miles from Verona seated on the Banks of the Lake Garda where the River Menzo hath its source and on the left side of the Lake five miles further off most ill way stands Rivoltella and two miles onward Desensano the confines of Verona On that part of Verona towards the North-west are many Hills placed in the form of a Theatre where they are stocked with fertile Vineyards and so much adorned with beautifull Palaces and Gardens that the prospect at a distance much pleaseth within these Hils is the Vale Paltena inhabited and Fertil and following the plain appear many and stately Palaces on the banks of the Adice which runs through that Campagna At 10. miles distance from Verona upon the ascent of certain little Hills may be beheld the Valley Pulicella replenish't with many Castles great Towns behind which begin the Mountains of Trento they say that in the said Valley there are two teats of Stone cut with a Chizel which constantly distill a water wherewith if a Woman having lost her Milk bath her Nipples it will return in great abundance Returning to Verona by the Adice on one fide is the foot of the Mountain Baldo and many Castles and Burroughs On the other fide a plain to Peschiera and there begin the Mountains which are on the right hand-shore of the Lake there stands Bardolino where those incomparable Figs grow whereof Soliman Emperor of the Turks delighted to discourse of with the Christian slaves as also Gardo which gives name to the Lake and many other Castles In this place is to be admired the vastness of the Venetians Minds who conveyed over those rough and mountainous places both Galleys and Ships armed in all particulars to fight in the Lake with Filippo Visconse Captain of the Milanesians Mount Baldo whereof somewhat is spoken formerly ought here to be set before all the Mounts of Italy being 30. miles in circumference affording excellent and rare plants and some veins of Copper The Lake GARDA ANtiently the Castle Benaco gave name to this Lake where now is Tusculano but at present it takes name from Gardo aforenamed This Lake from Peschiera which lies on the South of it is 35. miles long towards the North and from Salo on the West shore to Garda or Lacice on the East is 14. miles broad It is very tempestuous and many times raises waves as high as Mountains which at certain seasons of the yeer makes it dangerous to navigate and this they believe proceeds from the enclosure of the winds by the Mountains hindring by their surrounding its issuing out Wherefore Virgil saies Fluctibus fremitu assurgens Benace marino This Lake affords well-relisht fish in great plenty but chiefly Trouts Carps and Eels whereof Pliny speaks at large Eight miles from Peschiera runs a neck of Land in to the Lake two miles long which seems to divide the Lake Here antiently was Sirmione which gave birth to Catullus the Poet but now remains nothing but a small Castle though abounding with all delitiousness On the same side is Rivoltella and Disensano a principal Market Town of those parts not defective in any thing But on the other shore there are many fair Castles among others Salò Prato di Fame where the Bishops of Trent Verona and Brescia may each standing in his own Diocess shake hands The Country there is pleasant bearing Olivs Figs Pomegranates Lemons Citrons and other fruitfull Trees which there flourish much by having the River Lake on one side and the Mountains on the other defending it from blasting winds and affording the reflex of the Sun all day from its rise to the setting which renders it one of the beautifullest places of Italy The number of the People inhabiting this Valley and Lake of Garda shall be given in the Description of the Valleys BRESCIA BRescia by the Romans Brixia is seated 20 miles from Disensano which a direct Road leads unto
but something Stoney Some will have it called Brescia from Britein which in the Language of the Galli Senones the restorers of this City signifie rejoycing Trees as if the quantity of Fruits wherewith they are yeerly hung made them rejoyce Livie and other grave Authors write that Brescia was built by the Galli Senones in that age when the Kings commanded in Rome and that the Romans made themselves Masters thereof after they had conquered all Lombardy They further say that it alwaies kept inviolable Faith with the Roman People and particularly in that calamitous time when Hannibal destroyed their Armies Besides they say that it was reduced into a Colony of the Romans after the associated Warr together with Verona and the other Cities on that fide the Po by Cn. Pompeius Strabo Father of Pompey the Great and a little time after Caesar reckoned the Brescians in the number of the Roman Citizens under whose Empire it continued till its Majesty was at the height when it was no less rich than potent as may easily be conjectured from the many antient Marble Stones and Statues with the inscriptions and Epitaphs of illustrious Persons and of divers famous deeds thereon which ly dispersed in the City and up and down its Territory T is seated in a plain at the foot of certain Hills more long than broad although but three miles in circuit yet well replenished with dwellings and inhabitants It s vicinity to the Hills beautifies it with many Fountains a commodity which many Cities of Lombardi want In it are many Piazzaes the greatest whereof is that where the publick Palace is erected which for its fairness may be accounted one of the Noblest Edifices of Italy Under which Palace are fair Porches with shops affording well tempered Belly pieces of Armour Swords Muskets and other military Arms which hath nominated it Brescia the Armed other shops are no less furnished with the finest Linnen cloth a Commodity by which these Citizens acquire great Riches A small River called Garcia passeth thorow the City which at its issuing forth is artificially drawn on this and that side to irrigate their Fields It hath five Porrs or Gates and one impregnable Castle built with Stone upon a Hill The Torre de Pallada is of rare Tuscan work and therein is the Great Bell of the City It heretofore suffered much calamity through the Factions and enmity of its Citizens whose fury was such that proscription and Death to their Enemies without fyring and destroying their Houses and Goods but trivally appeased Which caused it to change in 28. yeers its Soveraign seven times in the time of Lewis the third and Otto Emperors Its Citizens being much addicted to Arms. T is a most horrible thing to read the History of Capriole oâ⦠those calamitous times representing the great slaughters of the Citizens with their Proscriptions and Banishments the sacking burning and ruining of their Habitations and the desolation of the City much resembling the times and Actions of Marius and Scilla and the Triumviraie At this day t is governed by the Venetians with great peace and such increase of Riches that its former smart is scarce perceptible It received the light of the Christian Faith by the preaching of Sant Apollinare Bishop of Ravenna in the yeer of our Lord 119. It hath some fayr Churches among them the Domo whose Bishop with a good Revenue hath the Tide of Duke Marquiss and Count where a Skie-coloured Cross called Oro Fiamma is much reverenced by the People who indubitably beleeve it to be the same which appeared to Constantine the Emperour fighting against Maxentius The Motto in hoc signo Vinces Next is the Church of Santa Giulia the Martyr built by Desiderius King of the Longobards in the yeer 735. adorned with rich Vests and pretious vessels and honoured with the bodies of many Saints together with those of Ansilperga the Sister and Hermingarda the Daughter of that King which ly in its noble Monastery wherein two daughters of Lotario the first Emperor one sister of Charles the the third one Daughter of Berengarus the Userper of the Empire with many other Virgins of Royal blood have spent their days in the ââ¦ervice of God under the Orders of Saint Benedict Brescia is well replenished with People and among them with many noble and illustrious Families as the Gambari the Martinengi the Magi the Avogradi Averoldi Luzaghi Emilii and others It hath given Birth to many Saints of whom they name only San Giovita and Faustino who suffered Martyrdom for the Faith of Christ on the Walls towards Verona whereof at this day appear some Marks of it It hath had thirty Bishops canonized for Saints Its Territory is so large spatious and long that t is believed the Bishop thereof hath the Cure of near Eight Hundred Thousand Souls It abounds with all things necessary for human Sustenance and the People are reputed of a quick-witted and elegant Ingennity whereof an elegant Poet writes Caelum hilarem frons laeta Urbi gens nescia fraudis Atque modum ignorat divitis uber agri The Territory of BRESCIA THe Bresciau Territory is one hundred miles broad begining from Mosa 15. miles distant from Mantoua and ending at Dialengo at the top of Alcamonica and 50. miles long extending from Limona on the Lake Garda to the Orzi Novi the Countrey conteyning 450. Towns Villages and Castles well peopled and affording all sorts of Corn Grain Wine Oyl and Fruite Towards the East on the Road leading to Verona on the right hand stand Gââ¦di Manerbio Calvesano Calcina to on the left the Mountaââ¦ns Bridigolo Padengo and the Lake with the fair Town of Lonato ââ¦5 miles off ââ¦rescia Towards the South by the way of Cremona aâ⦠seen Virola and Asola a strong Castle Issuing sorth the Gate San Nazario towards the VVest on the right lies Priviato on the left Quintiano a noble Castle This is the way of the Orzi Novi where stands a strong Castle 20. miles from Brescia built in Anno 1134. Here they vant much of the excellency of their Linnen Cloth near which passeth the River Oglio which terminates the Venetians dominions And going out of the Gates Giovanni you meet the Torrent Mââ¦la Coraio a rich Country and Reato the most populous Town of the Brescian Territories a little farther a most fertile plain beautified with many Castles from the dwelling of the French there in t is called ãâã ãâã but before you can reach Palazzolo must be passed the Rivâ⦠ãâã over a stately Bridge from whence they enter the Territories of ãâã The BRESCIAN Valleys THis City hath three principal Valleys the first called Valcamonica lies towards the VVest and is bigger than both the other extending it self 50. miles towards the North is continued with surrounding Hills among which is a running current yeelding good Trouts which River enters at the head of the ââ¦ake Isseo running through it
the vast quantity of Merchandize invites as much People as Italians Germans Grizons and Switzers The Ayr is most serene there and its Territory produceth sweet wines Oyl and many pleasant fruits In some places for want of Land either fit for tillage or Vines the people employ themselves in working Woollen and Linnen Clothes which they afterwards carry into all parts of Italy Their Language is very rustick but that renders not the People so who are civil and ingenuous and no less disposed to Learning than Trade whence it took the surname of Bergamo the witty It hath produced many noble Wits who by their excellent virtues have added to its Lustre Whereof were Alberico di Rosato Doctor of Laws and Ambrogio Calepino whose works no ingenuous person neglects to have Fryer Damiano a convertite of the order of Preachers was a man of so great Ingenuity in cementing pieces of several woods together with such artifice that they have been often mistaken for Pictures drawn with a pencel that his fellow hath not been known herein Fryer Pagano of the same Order gave excellent example of constancy at his death given him by the Hereticks Hence also have issued men of great Judgment and Counsel to govern the Republick particularly of the Family of Foresti with many Cardinals Prelates and excellent Captains The first Advancer of the Christian Religion in this City was Saint Barnabas a Disciple of Christ in the 25th yeer of our Salvation together with Anatolone the Greek and Caio the Roman giving it for Bishop Narino one of its Citizens who having governed it with great sanctity of Life and Religion for thirty yeers deceased and was there interred whom many holy Bishops from one to another have succeeded In the Domo of Bergamo are 25. Bodies of Saints kept with great devotion Where near the high Altar stands the Sepulchre of Bartolomeo Coleone a famous Captain and Citizen of it with his Effigies in Marble which he caused to be cut for him by the Life the Epitaph whereof follows Bartholomeus Colleonus de Andegania virtute immortalitatem adeptus usque adeo in re militari fuit illustris non modo tunc viventium gloriam longè excesserit sed etiam posteris spem enim citandi ademerit saepius enim à diversis Principibus ac deinceps ab Illustrissimo Veneto Senatu accepto Imperio Tandem totius Christianorum exercitus sub Paulo Secundo Pont. Max. delectus fuit Imperator Cujus acies quatuordecim annos ab ejus obitu solo jam defuncti Imperatoris tanquam vivi nomine militantis jussa cujus alias contempserunt Obiit Anno Domini 1475. quarto nonas Novembris In the Church of Saint Agostino is the Tomb of Fryer Ambrogio Calepino who with great diligence and industry collected all the Latin words in a form approved by the gravest writers whose works are known to all the World being divulged where ever the Latine Tongue is spoken Bergamo together with its Burroughs contains a great number of Souls Above it stands the Capella or Chapel a place strong by its site upon a high Mountain and by the most impregnable Walls wherewith it was encompassed by Luchino Visconte Lord of Milano and Bergamo but at this time t is wholly abandoned and half ruinated being found by experience of little ayd to the City when need required here at first was layed a foundation for a Monastery for the Order of S. Dominick and a Chapel built whence called Capello Bergamo was long time subject to the Roman Empire after whose fall t was burnt by Attila then it was yoaked to the Longobardi who styled themselves Dukes thereof then reduced under the power of Kings of Italy and so continued till the daies of Filippo Turciano who became Lord thereof Anno 1264. After it was Subjugated by Luchino the Viscount Then Mastino della Scalla made himself Lord thereof By whom some time after t was sold to Pandolfo Malatesta for thirty thousand Duckats of Gold And after it had been some times occupied by the French of its own accord it gave it self to the Venetians under whom it peaceably reposeth to this day If farther and more at large any one defires to be satisfied in the history of Bergamo let him read the book entitled La Vigna di Bergamo Serio runs close by Bergamo deriving its source from those Mountains between which towards the North are 6 vales The first is called La vale Seriana from the River Serio's running through it which is well peopled who by Tolomeo are called Beccunni The second is Vale Brombana so named from its vicinity with the Banks of the River Brembo each of which are extended for thirty miles long The third is Vale di San Martino 15. miles long The fourrh Vale di Calepio the fifth Vale di Ohiusontio the sixth Val di Manca in which between Towns Villages and Hamlets are numbred 200. Inhabited places of which the chief are Calepio Lever de Chiusonto and Vertua where they make excellent Woollen Clothes On this side the Territory of Bergamo extends it self 28. miles Upon Calepio is the strong Castle Leuco where a Bridge conjoyns both the Banks of Adda On the West Bergamo hath the City of Como Monza and the Hills of Brianza towards the East Brescia and towards the South Crema with the above-described Places Bergamo is accounted 32. miles from Milan having on the right hand the Rivers Brembo which dischargeth it self into the Adda further on near the Adda is the well-fortified Castle of Trezzo reared by Bernardo Viscount of Milan Anno 1370. together with that artificial Bridge which on the left hand over the Adda discovers it self with the abovenamed Places At twelve miles distance from Bergamo stands Colonica a small Village where imbarking you psss 20 miles in the Water and so arrive at Milan CREMA THe Relation of this City should have been placed between the narrations of Brescia and Bergamo where in the second voyage from Brescia to Milan t is only briesly touched but the Author having found himself tardy in omitting an account of this esteemed one of the prime Cities of Lombardy apollogizeth for his placing it here in the end of this Book and promiseth a reformation in the next impress Being then in the City of Brescia and going forth the Gate San Nazario after twenty miles travel you arrive at Orzi Nuovi and having past the River Oglio find the Castle Soncino and sive miles more forwards meets Romanengo and so many more the City Crema which is situated in the East shore of the River Serio by which t is deliciously washed it lies in the Centre of fruitfull Lombardy between five illustrious Cities at thirty miles distance from each which encompasse it like a Crown whereof she may be termed the Cross that is to say Milan Bergamo Brescia Cremona and Piacenza who affording it what it stands in need of and expending its superfluities
great Men that they might the more commodiously apply themselves to the Study of Learning Of which were Virgil Alipius Saint Augustine Hermolao Barbaro Merula Francesco Filelfo Celio Rodigino Alexander the sixth and Pious the fourth Popes And although too often this City was thrown down to the very foundations and at last furrowed with the plough of the Enemies yet it ever revived again and that with more beauty and Splendor than at first increasing still so much in Riches and People that it ever kept a place among the chief Cities of Italy Near the Church San Salavdore there stood a proud Palace of the Emperors with a Temple dedicated to Jupiter made in emulation of the Campidoglio at Rome and where now the Counsel is kept was the Palace for Justice where also the Proclamations of the Dukes were accustomed to be publickly read and the due punishments executed on Malefactors There was also a Theatre to present Comedies a place for Horse races and a large Circle where now is Santa Maria Maggiore The Garden near San Steffano was an Amphitheatre where they accustomed to fight Duels The Church of San Nazario was an old Prison where they condemned Malefactors to fight with the wild Beasts there preserved to that end in great number The Common Field was then a Theatre where the young men exercised themselves in taming and manning of Horses and fighting Where the Cathedral Church is was a place with Stalls many waies where they made their Feasts to their Heroes and Houshold Gods The Stalls now for the Cattel then was a pleasant Garden beautified and planted with many Fruit trees and plants brought from far Countries great store of odoriferous flowers Rivolets of Christalline waters Statues and Sculptures of Marble Where the Church of San Lorenzo stands now were the hot Baths of Maximinian Nero and Nerva the Emperors nothing inferiour to them at Rome Besides which antiquities there yet is preserved a stately Armory in the Palace replenished with most noble Arms worthy any Prince for the value and fairness being not onely inlayed with Gold and Silver but engraven with greatest Cost and Workmanship where now is the Church San Lorenzo was a Temple dedicated to Hercules made in the form of the Rotunda at Rome near which were erected 16. Marble Pillars and upon them a Palace for the Emperours part whereof was ruined by fire the rest by time nothing but the Pillars remaining All this Fabrick was raised by Maximinian Hercules who ordained the Town should be no more called Milano but Herculeo At one end of those Pillars is this inscription put in Imp. Caesari L. Aurelio vero Aug. Arminiaco Medico Parthico Max. Trib. Pot. VII Imp. IIII. Cos. III. PP Divi Antonini Pii Divi Hadriani Nepoti Divi Trajani Parthici Pronepoti Divi Nervae Apnepoti Dec. Dec. This Milan was alwaies a potent City whence we read that it many times made opposition to the Romans and often fought the Goths and other Barbarous People and also against both the Federicks the first and second Emperours obtaining a most glorious victory It subjected to it Navara Bergamo Pavia Como Lodi and Tortona and freed Genoua from the hands of the Moors The Romans were wont to say Qui miseram citius cupiunt effundere vitam Modiolanum adeant gens ea dura nimis It was so much prized by the adjacent Countreys that it being ruined by Federick Barbarossa the Emperor Cremona Verona Piacenza advised how to restore it at their own cost and charges and in all times t was very populous It received the light of the Faith from S Barnabas sent thither from Saint Peetre who then resided in Antiochia which was in the 46. year after the coming of our Saviour where he substituted for Bishop Anatalone the Greek his Disciple whom in process of time succeeded many holy Bishops among others that glorious pillar of the Church Saint Ambrose the most renowned Doctour who finding the Bodies of San Gervaso and Protaso the Martyrs caused that Church to be built which is now called San Ambrogio This was the Cathedral Church where is seen the true effigies of the brazen Serpent made by Moses brought hither by Theodosius the Emperor as also the effigies of San Bernardo upon a Pillar who in this Church said Mass preached and wrought miracles Likewise a sumptuous Sepulchre wherein lies Lewis the second Emperour and Pepin King of Italy both Sons of Charls the great there under the Altar within a deep Pit locked with four Gates of Iron is kept with great reverence the body of Saint Ambrose and a book writ with his own hand Angelberto of the illustrious Family of Pusterly in the time of Charls the Great being Arch-Bishop The Emperor gave to this Altar a noble Pall embroidered with Saints and Angels in 20. several Squares in the midst whereof is the Saviour of the World as he rose from the dead upon whose head is a Diamond set round with gemmes of inestimable valew On both sides of which Altar are four other Images of Saints in the middle is a Cross. The Vests are all over beset with many pearls and pretious stones behind the Altar is another Cross of silver two Cubits high and one an half broad where are 23. figures of Saints of embossed work This so stupendious work cost in those days 28000. Scudaes and is now worth 100000. Volvinio the excellent Sculptor of those times was the Artificer of it Saint Ambrose stood at the Gate of this Church when he excomunicated Theodosius the Emperor commanding him not to enter therein Contiguous with it is a noble and stately Monastery of the Fryers Celestines At the issuing out of Saint Ambrogio is a poor Chapel in a blind corner with a Well where Saint Ambross baptized Saint Augustine and t is known that this was the way which Saint Augustine and Saint Ambrose took hand in hand to give thanks to God in San Gervaso for the holy Baptism received singing Te Devm Laudamus as the Inscription testifieth Hic beatus Ambrosius babtizat Augustinum Deodatum Alippum hic beatus Ambrosius incipit te Deum laudamus Augustinus sequitur Te deum confitemur The meanness of the place makes it most credible to be true the name of Carolus Boromaeus a Council of Trent Saint highly cryed up at Milan having too much extinguisht the memory and esteem of that learned Father The Church of Santa Tecla is replete with holy Reliques here rests Saint Ambrose and among other Reliques a Nayl which was fixed and drove through a member of the Body of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ into the Wooden Cross whereon he was crucifyed by the wicked Jewes which was bestowed on it by Theodosius the Emperor This is the antientest Temple of Milan and was first consecrated to the Saviour after to the Virgin Mary and lastly to Tecla but antiently many yeers before the coming of the Messiias they say there stood a most famous Temple
reverence by the neighbouring People near which begins the Loke Laguno and the Country of the Grizons The Journey from MILAN to PAVIA BEtween Milan and Pavia stands the most noble Monastery of Certosa built by Giovanno Galeazzo Visconte first Duke of Milan endowed with a great Revenue in whose Temple himself lies buried in a stately Marble Tombe wherein is erected his Statue with his lively effigies and inscribed a curious Epitaph containing his famous notable Deeds which Church hath many wonderfull Statues Sculptures and Pictures fair Chapels with Altars enriched with Gold and pretious Stones and a Vestry replete with Vests and Vessels of Gold and Silver of good valew and many Reliqus of Saints Near which Monastery is a Park invironed with a Wall of twenty miles square wherein are plowed Lands Meadows and Woods and therein are preserved great quantity of Wilde Beasts for the Chase as Hares Roe-Bucks Stags Fallow-Deer with other Creatures which was imparked by the same Galeazzo but is in some places fallen to the ground Here Francesco the first King of France encamped his Army when he besieged Pavia in the year of our Salvation 1525. at which time himself with the King of Navarre and many prime Barons of France were taken Prisoners by Monsiguors of Lonato and Barbone Captains of the Army of Charls the fifth Emperour PAVIA PAvia according to Pliny was built by the Levi and Marini a People of Liguria not far from the Poe But Entropius and Paulus Diaconus will have it to be founded by the Insubri and Boii after the Declension of of the Roman Empire to whom t was for some time subject It was subjugated afterwards to Attila King of the Hunns then to Odoacro King of the Heruli who having taken it by force sacked it burnt it and levelled the Walls with the Earth Then it became under the power of the Longobardi who there fixing the Regal Scat raised many sumptuous Edifices as saies Paolo Diacono among others the Monastery of Santa Chiara was built by Partarito the Church of Santa Maria della Pertiche by Theodolinda the Queen the Monastery of S. Pietro in Cielo Aureo by Lutruprando the King who brought thither from Sardigna the venerable Corps of Saint Augustine there yet kept in a well-polisht Tombe of Marble with great reverence with many other Structures which for brevity sake are passed over here also one may see the Castle built by Giovan Galeazzo Visconte and also that antique brass Statue on Horseback called Regisole which many conjccture to be made for Antonius from the Lineaments of the Face add Beard There were 22. Kings of the Longobardi and they reigned 202. yeers whose Nobles mueh adorned this City making her the Regal Scat and Mistris of their Provinces It hath produced many illustrious men among other Giovan the XVIII Pope and Tesore Baccaria Abbot of Vall Ambroso Martyred in Florence It hath many noble Edifices chiefly that Tower wherein the great Boetius quitted this mortal veil It is seated in a well tilled Vale near the Appenine Hills and the River Tesino over which was carried a stately Bridge by the Duke Galleazzo Visconte This City Pavia as well in the forenamed Battel in 1525. as in several others before and since in latter times when the French undertook invasions into Italy and beseiged it hath fatally proved the overthrow of their Armies the loss of their designs and the Ruine of their Interest in that Country In this City was instituted a famous University not much inferiour to that of Paris by the Emperour Charles the Great whose zeal to amplifie the Christian Religion caused him to send thither learned Theologians to teach publiquely the true Doctrine as also other eminent Doctors well read in all the Sciences who were much encouraged to repair thither by their large Stipends and his signal favours Giacone the so much celebrated Doctor among others spent many years in this Academy also Baldo having here read for some time dyed and lies interred in the Convent of the Fryers Franciscans and t is conceived that the sereneness of the Ayr so much sharpens the Genius of the Students that it hath thence acquired the name of a glorious University The Faith of Christ was first preached and taught to the Pavians by the blessed Sirus of Aquleia at the same time that the Apostle Saint Peter taught in Rome from which time to this day they have constantl profest the same Its Citizens coveting their own Liberty presented themselvs to Philip Arch-Bishop of Ravenna Legate of the Roman Church in the yeer of Christ 1259. whereby they were long time kept under the Apostolick Sea no less in Spirituals than Temporals which the more evidently appears by the Oath which the Podestà and other Magistrates solemnly took at their ingression into their several Offices precisely in this form Ego Potestas vel Consul Justitiae Papiae c. Ad honorem Dei Virginis Mariae ad honorem reverentiam S. R. Ecclesiae Serenis DD. Ludovici Romanorum Regis Civitatis Papiae bonum statum juro ad Sancta Dei Evangelia corporaliter tactis scripturis quod sum ero fidelis S. R. Ecclesiae Rom. Imperii The Emperour Charles the great taking a Journey into France left for his Lieutenants in this City the Languschi principal Gentlemen of Pavia with the title of Vicars which constitution the succeeding Emperoors successively approved till the time of ââ¦edrick Barbarossa who granted them power to elect their own Consuls to govern the City whence it was that at the Treaty and Peace made by the said Frederick with the People of Lumbardy this City there interven'd as ââ¦ree and not subject to any others The Pavians after the expiration of the 280. years wherein the Emperors enjoyed her elected Gio Galeazzo Visconte for Count of Pavia under which capacity the Princes Visconte and Sforzeschi successively possessed it as doth now the King of Spain to whom they surrendred themselves with another title and jurisdiction to shew that this City holding themselves not at all subject to the Dutchy of Milan but Muncipal they might be acknowlged particularly as Counts of the Roman Empire No City in Lombardy can better extinguish any Novelties or Uprores than this of Pavia and its Territory which with the environing Rivers give limits to and divides the Milaneses Novareses and other People of the hilly Countries from the Genoveses Tortoneses and those of Bobio Alexandria and Casal so that those several People can neither make league nor unite at their own pleasures without the consent of the Citizens of Pavia which is duly called the Fatal Gate and Key of Lombardy from its dominion over the Rivers Poe and Tessino and from its oportune site being empowred to give or deny passage to or from either sides and shores of those Rivers Hence we may go by Boat on the Tesino to Piacenza or Cremona But journying by Land you leave on the right hand
the Castle Vichiera Tortona Allessandria Montferrate and then Piedmont The Journey from MILAN to BOLOGNA by the VIA EMILIA afterwards to FLORENCE and Lastly to ROME INtending to travel from Milan to Rome you must proceed out at the Roman Gate and after some space towards Lodi you meet on the right hand in the Territory of Milan the rich and famous Monastery of Chiaravalle to which the Abbot Manfredo Archinto among other Farms gave the great Vineyard Pilastrello which was formerly called the Vineyard of the Poor for that the wine there collected and thereof made was usually dispenc'd among the Poor being to that end preserved in one entire Vessel the greatest in the World which contayned 600. measures each of which held about threegallons was conjoyned with great Beams and encompassed with large Hoops which when empty hath for its grandure been held a worthy object to many People and to some Princes Kings and Emperors among which was Charles the fifth who disdained not to enter therein Somewhat further from whence in the Territory of Pavia lies the Town Landiciano and at tenn miles distant from Lodi the noble and rich Castle Meregnana and close by it runneth the River Lambro which brings to it delight and all sorts of provisions near it is the place where Francis the first King of France flew 16000. Switzers by whose deaths Massimilian Sforza happened to lose his Seignory and liberty thence six miles stands the Castle S. Angelo washed by the Lambro where every Wednesday is kept a fayr Market thence three miles you see the place where antiently stood Lodi the Old On the left of this fair way lies Cremona and other places whereof we have formerly treated in the voyage from Brescia to Milan on all fides you behold this Country abounding with Fruit and manured with Vineyards LODI THis City was founded by Frederick Barbarossa three miles distant from the old Lodi at whose foundation laying the said Federick with himself brought all his Princes and endowed it with many privileges which under the shadow of the Empire preserved it a long time in Liberty Afterwards it chose for its Lords the Vestarini it s own Citizens and in the end submitted to the Dukes of Milan The old Lodi was called antientiy Laus Pompeia for that it was restored by Pompeius Strabo Father of Pompey the great and this new Lodi was made a City by Corrado the second Emperour at the request of Erimberto Arch Bishop of Milan and though at his instance yet it no way abated the envy reigning in the breasts of the Milanesi for they in the yeer 1158. under Ussi for the great hatred between them destroyed it being not at all satisfyed with their throwing down of the Walls and driving away the Inhabitants un till they had inforced the Citizens to live in villages separate one from another at such distance that they might not assemble nor take Counsel how to restore their unhappy Country prohibiting them traffick and sale of any thing or to joyn in allyance under penalty of losing their patrimony and banishment into the like punishment fell such of them as went out of the place they were confined to under which misery and servitude they continued for 49. yeers But the Milanesi were severely chastized for this their cruelty by God the just Judge Their City Milan being not long after sacked and burnt by Frederick the Emperor This City situate in a plain is of two miles compass and a round form having a pleasant and sertile Territory environing it which produceth all sorts of Grain delicious Wines ane lovely Frui â⦠The Pasture and Meadows are alwaies in a flourishing green being well preserved from the scorching heat by the overflowing of the Waters which for that conveniency are conveyed in 4. or 5. Chanels one above another almost to a wonder and so much to their advantage that they mow their Meadows 4. or 5. times a yeer which with their pasture affords them so much milk as is incredible to such as have not seen it wherewith they make abundance of Cheese and some of them weigh 500. weight here also they dry with salt those savory Calves Tongues so much admired every where It hath many Rivers and they afford excellent Fish particularly most delicate Eels The City contains 12000. Souls and many noble Families among others that of the Vestarini who a long time Reigned over it It hath also given Birth to many Persons no less eminent in Letters than Arms. It received the light of the Christian Faith from the preaching of Saint Barnabas at the time when Milan was therewith enlightned S. Bassano was Bishop of this City to whom a Church therein is dedicate enriched with sacerdotal habits embroideries of Gold and Jewels Cups Crosses Censors and other valewable Vessels T is washed with the River Adda over which there is raised a Bridge of Wood fix miles off which is the rich Abbacy of Borgheto and six miles thence stands mount Columbano much celebrated for the delicate Wines and fruit on the left hand of the Strada Ricca lies the Town Samalia with an Hospital and the Abbacy of the Fryers of Saint Gyralamo a little fartherly Lorlesco and Pusturlingo built by the noble Pusterli of Milan whence crossing the River by Boat about a mile lies Piacenza PIACENZA SOme will have this City to take its name from the Pleasantness of its fite and the beauty of its buildings nor have we any other Original for Piacenza T is seated near the Poe in a delightfull place having a flourishing Champagua and fruitfull Hills The first yielding plenty of Corn and other things for humane sustenance the later incomparable Wines delicate Fruits and Oyl The Meadows alwaies green by reason of the artificial flowing from the surrounding Rivers are continually stocked with great herds of Cattel whence they extract that cheese which for its goodness is so much cryed up through Enrope that when they would commend any Cheese they call it of Piacentia It affords also certain springs of salt water from which with fire they extract the whitest salt and some Mines of Iron and Woods filled with Creatures for the Chase. It was reduced into a Colony of the Romans together with Cremona in the 350th yeer after the building of Rome by their expulsion of the French out of that Country as Livy saies who of it makes an honourable mention in divers places as well as divers other Historians whence t is gathered that t was very flourishing in the time of the Romans since when it hath suffered many calamities more by civil than forein invasions In the 70th year after the Nativity of our Saviour when Vitellius waged War against Otho the Amphitheatre standing without its Wall was burnt which made Silio to say Quassata Placentia bello It is embellished with noble structures As the antient Fountain erected by Augustus Caesar the sumptuous Church of Santa Maria the Virgin the Church of
Santo Antonio the Martyr the fair Church of S. Giovanni officiated by the Fryers of S. Dominick and that of San Sisto with a worthy Monastery but above all is resplendent the Temple of Sant Augustino attended by the canonical Regulars which at first was compassed about with a weak Wall but afterwards so well fortifyed with strong Walls and a Fort built of Stone that it acquired a place among the strong holds of Italy The City is four miles compass and the Ditches add one mile more and is washed by the Rivers Trebia and Poe after it had a long time enjoyed its liberty it became subject to the Scotti Turriani the Landi the Dukes of Milan the French the Romans the holy Church but at present it remains in peace under the Signori Farnesi Pliny drawes a conclusion of the goodness and temperature of the Ayr from the old age the Inhabitants arrive to who writes that in his time one of its Citizens lived to be 120. yeers old and in its Territory were six persons who were 110 yeers old a peece and one that was aged 140. yeers The City contains 18000. Souls whereof 2000. religious many noble Families of great name flourish there at this day at the Scotta Landa and Ansusciola who possess many Castles and Jurisdictions Among many other illustrious and vertuous persons it gave birth to T. Tinca the old fluent Oratour and to Pope Gregory the tenth who dyed in Arezzo in Tuscany where many signes appeared of his great merits Going out of Piacenza towards the East and North appears the mouth of the River Trebia much spoken of by Historians for the overthrow of the Roman Army given by Hannibal but afore it stands the Church of Saint Antonio where the six Souldiers were miraculously burnt by fire who blasphemed his name Then you see Stradella and the Castle of Saint Giovanni and Vichiera On the Ieftly the Apeniââ¦e Hills among which stands enclosed the City Bobio thirty miles from Piacentia where Teodolenda Queen of the Longobardi built a rich and sumptuous Monastery at the request of San Colombano assigning it great possessions for susteining the Monks who served God from which Monastery have issued thirty two Saints At Piacenza begins the Emilian Way called Via Emilia according to Livy which was set out by Emilius the Consul and extends it self from thence to Rimini towards the South On the right appears most sharp Mountains wherein are built fair Castles Towns and Villages but none of moment except Corte Maggiore belongiââ¦g to the Pallavicini and Arquato much named for the sweet Wines there produced On the left hand of the Emilian Way stands Cremona whither you may go also by Water from Piacenza upon the Poe Between Piacenza and Cremona at 12. miles distance on the Via Emilia appears the Castle Fiorenzola called Fidentia by Tolomeo and likewise Livy wriââ¦ing in his 88th Book that Silla forced Carbone out of Italy having overthrown his Army at Chinso Faenza and Fidentia Here is that famous Abbacy where with royal and splendid provision Pietro Antonio the Abbot received Francis the first King of France Charls the 5th Emperour and Paulus Tertius the Pope more forward stands the Burgo Saint Donnino sortifyed with new Forts and created a City lately at the instance of Ranuecio Farnese Duke of Parma Having repassed the Poe you arrive at the River Varro whence to Parma is four miles with a continued course of the Appenines on the right hand PARMA THis City is rich and adorned with stately Edifices illustrious Families and many Inhabitants It hath a delightfull and fruitfull Territory yielding Corn Fruit Oyl Wine and Cheese known through the World which hath acquired it a place among the rich and noble Cities of Italy T is seated on the Via Emilia in a plain at five miles distance from the Apenines between which and the Suburb on the West passeth the River Parma over which is raised a Bridge of carved Stone conjoyning both the Banks T is not known whether this River took its name from the City or the City from the River no antient Author making mention of it but Livy Polibius and Cicero with other grave Writers speak honourably of the City It was made a Colony for the Romans together with Mââ¦dena as Livy averrs in his 39th Book in these words Eodem anno Mutina Parma Coloniae Romaenorum Civium sunt deductae bina millia hominum in agrum qui proximè Boio rum ante Tuschorum fuerat Octona jugera Parmae quina Mutinae acceperunt It s People are fayr and of as noble and spritefull Genius disposed not only for Government of the Republick but also to Letters and Arms. It hath a fayr and large Campagna which nourishing immense numbers of sheep affords them plenty of fine Wool whereof Martial saies Tondet innumeros Gallica Parma greges and in another place Velleribus primis Apulia Parma secundis Nobilis Altinum tertia laudat ovis It s Ayr is so temperate that Pliny saies in the time of Vespasian there were two men 123. yeers old each The Campagnia is so spatious that all behold it with wonder where stands a Palace for the Dukes embellished with Gardens and Fountains It was subject to the Roman Empire till the decay thereof when it recovered its liberty in the yeer of our Lord 1248. it was straightly besieged by Frederick Barbarossa determining not to depart thence till he had destroyed it which resolution caused him to build a City near it called Vittoria 800 els long and 600. broad with eight Gates and large dykes but this his design was prevented by a salley of the Parmezans who assay ling his Army overthrew it and destroyed Vittoria The Domo of Cathedral Church is fayr and sumptuous having many Canons and other Priests to officiate In the Church of San Giovanni dwell the Fryers of Saint Benedict In the Church Steccata is stately Architecture lovely Pictures and Images In the Church of the Cupucines lies buried Alessandro Farnese the invincible Captain and Madama Maria his devout Consort Every Church hath some works of Parmegianino and Corregio the famous Painters In Parma are the noble Families of the Pallavicini Torelli Rossi Giberti Sanvitali with others It hath produced men eminent in Learning Virtue and Arms as Cassio the Poet Macrobio a worthy Writer with others It is subject to the most serene house of the Farnesi who have therein raised many stately Fabricks and lately the Duke Ranuccio erected a School for all the general sciences drawing thither by his large Stipends the most eminent Doctors of Italy It is four miles in circuit and contains 22. thousand Souls Forth of Parma towards the North is Colorno a well-governed Castle with other fair places and towards the South having passed the River Taro and travelled 35. miles you meet Borgo a noble Castle of the Dukes of Parma from which Country besides great plenty of all
necessaries for humane sustenance they gather sometimes a hundred thousand bushels of Chesnuts and when least 50. thousand It also produceth Men disposed to Letters Arms and Merchandize it stands in the midst of the Apenine Hills being surrounded with them and hath 23. Towns under it More forward is Pentremoli a fayr Town twelve miles further is the strong Fort called la val di Mugello then Bardo and Campiano where the River Taro takes its source and passeth at three miles distance by Borgo Travaling on the Via Emilia from Parma at the foot of the Apenines appears the Town and Castle Chiarââ¦golo whereof the illustrious Family of the Torelli hold the Government then in the plain Country Montechio and San Ilario seated on the banks of the River Lenza over which the Countess Matilda with great expence built a Bridge of burnt Brick then keeping the Emilian Way for 15. miles you arive at Reggio REGGIO THis City is built on the Via Emilia and named Regium Lepidi by Strabo ââ¦icero Cornelius Tacitus and other writers By whom it was built is not certainly known many contending that Marius Lepidus one of the Triumvirate who divided the Roman Empire was its first sounder others that it was built long before his time but by him made a Colony This City being destroyed by the Goths under Alarico their King Its Citizens were constrayned to abandon it and fly to more secure places till the Longobardi were overcome and driven out of Italy by Charls the Great when the Citizens returning by degrees to their desolate City began to restore it and immure it with a strong Wall It was governed by it self for some time in liberty after the manner of the other Cities of Italy then t was governed by others till it delivered it self into the hands of the Marquess of Este T is a noble City well peopled and abounding with all things although the ayr is not very good It hath fair and large streets with sum ptuous Structures as the magnificent Church of S. Prospero Bishop of this City where his Corps are devoutly kept which hath a plentifull revenue and is adorned with excellent Pictures but particularly with some drawn by Coreggio worthy of eternal memory In the Walls of the Orchard of the R. R. P. P. de servi was lately discovered an Image of the holy Virgin where God doth many favours to such have recourse unto him through her merits The City contains many noble Families as the Canossi Manfredi Fogliani and Sessi who possess great Lordships and Castles Near unto Reggio stand certain Hills who are no less beautifyed with Towns and Villages than delicate Vines and fruit Trees Towards Parma one sees the Castle strengthned by its site where Matilda the Countess preserved Pope Gregory the seventh from the snares of the Emperor Henry the fourth Enemy of the Roman Church who afterwards repenting himself for that his crime from thence went on his naked feet and with his bââ¦re Head in the midst of Winter through Ice and Snow to the said Pope to obtain pardon for his offence whom his Holness courteously received and pardoned a remarkable instance of what power that Dignity heretofore was At this day the most noble Family of Canossa are Masters of this Castle and the others surrounding it from which a little distance stands the Castles and other places of the Signori Monfredo Keeping the way of the Mountains you arrive at the Countrey of Groffignana where stands Castle Novo which hath formerly given birth to many illustrious persons and in our days to Giulio Urbano Doctor and Apostolick Prothonotary who for his excellent doctrine was much esteemed by the Princes and Cardinals of the Court of Rome who after he had long exercised the Office of Vicar General for Cardinal Luiga Cornaro Bishop of Padoua with grear praise in that quality deceased in the yeer 1592. leaving an excellent example to all mortals Whose Brother Urban gave no less splendour to his Country being Captain of the Militia for the Venetians At present lives Filippo Urbano their worthy Nephew a Canon of the Domo or Cathedral Church of Padoua Returning to the Via Emilia you meet the Castle Scandiano honoured with the title of a Marquesate subject to the Signori Tieni noble Vicentines on the left hand lies the Castle Roldo belonging to the Family Sessi a feudatorie of the Emperour Saint Martino Gonzaga and Nuvilara Between Modena and Reggio near the River Lenza stands Correggio a well-governed and honourable Castle and well peopled it was created a City by the Empire and appertains to the most illustrious Family Correggio formerly great in Padova and called Giberto from which heretofore issued a Cardinal at this time Girolamo Bernero of the preaching Order gives great honour to this Country who was assumed to a Cardinalship by Sisto Quinto High Bishop for his incomparable virtue and goodness of Life who continues a prudent lover of the virtuous and a great Zealot for the Christian Religion Then where the River Lecchia cuts in sunder the Emilian way stands the ssrong Castle Rubiera with a well-made Bulwark enviroroned with Hills whence travailing in a large Road you arive at Modena MODENA THis noble City was reduced into a Colony of the Romans together with Parma in the 570th yeer after the building of Rome as Livy and other Historians write who in several places make thereof honourable mention which testifies that in that time it was rich and powerfull and this is also confirmed by the many inscriptions and antient Marbles which are extant up and down the same It was enough illustrated by that notable battel which was fought near it when Hirtio and Pansa were Consuls of Rome the consequence whereof was the Loss of the Senates authority and the peoples liberty for then Mar. Antonius besieged Brutus in this City who by the assistance of C. Octavins Caesar obtained the victory against the said Antonius Afterwards it suffered many ruines from the Barbarous as Saint Ambross mentions that he saw it with the other adjacent Places upon the Via Emilia thrown down and derstoyed It was layed waste by the Goths and Longobards who afterwards being driven out by the Emperor Charls the great and he having established his Son Pipin King of Italy the Sons of the Citizens of Modena assembled themselves together from their secure retirements and took counsel how to rebuild this City which in process of time they effected as is now seen somewhat distant from the antient Modena as Leandro more at large discourseth The City is small of an orbicular form seated in a plain abounding with fruits and delicate Wines The Dukes of Estè Alfonso the second greatly amplified this City and raised fair edifices In the domo they devoutly preserve rhe bones of S. Giminiano its Bishop for whose merits God delivered many possessed with Devils T is full of noble and ingenuous People whence not only many famous Captains Counts and
holy conversation of whom nine are Canonized and two held for Saints Moreover from this excellent Country have Issued 6. Martyrs 13. Confessors 14. Men Saints and 7. Women It hath 179. Churches that is 33. for the Company of Laicks 3. Abbacies 2. Prepositors 2. for the Regular Priests 24. for the Fryers 23. Monasteries for Nuns 10. Hospitals 5. Priorates 2. Collegiate Churches and the Doââ¦o which is consecrate to Saint Peter and giveth the title of Prince to its Bishop with a great Revenew with many other Churches which are either Parochials or Oratories The Univerfity was placed in Bologna by Theodosins the Emperor in the yeer of our Lord 425. and much amplified afterwards by Charles the great and Lotario the Emperor the first Reader of the Civil Laws here was Irnerio induced thither by the said Lotario since when many wise and well-read men in all sciences have proceeded hence in the time of Giovan Andrea the Splendour of the Canon Law and Aââ¦one the Fountain of the civil Law we read there were ten thousand Students in this City Azone saies Legalium studiorum semper ãâã chiaâ⦠tenââ¦it Bononia hence t is that Gregory the 9th directed his decretals to the Univerfity of Bolonia and Boniface the 8th Sisto and ãâã the 24th the Book of the Clementines The Fabrick of the University is very proud with a large Hall and spatious Courts In the City are many Colleges for several Nations and to speak its praises in one word t is a most happy University and merits that Character which all men give it viz. Bononia docet Bononia mater Studiorum The City contains 80000. Souls among them many noble Families with many titled as Dukes Marqueses Counts Captains of War besides infinite Scholars Its Riches are great and equally divided among the Citizens whence t is that they alwaies preserved a good reputation It fought with Federick Barbarossa and took his Son Enzo Prisoner maintaining him splendidly for 22. yeers It subjugated more than once Forli Imola Faenza Cesena Cervia and other places It gloriously maintained a War against the Venetians for 3. yeers together with an Army of forty thousand men and had some Families very potent as may appear by that of the Lambertazzi who being banished with all its followers out of Bologna in the yeer 1274. they say that what with Men Women and Servants they who by that decree went out amounted to the number of fifteen thousand persons The Burroughs and Suburbs of BOLONIA FOrth of Bolonia towards the West at the Foot of the Mountains is the Church of San Giofesso and the Monastery of the Certonisi Upon the top of the Mountain Guardia is reverenced an Image of the blessed Virgin drawn by the hand of S. Luke Out of the Gate towards the Emilian Way there is a noble Monastery of the Crutched Fryers and towards the South the Church Misericordia where reside the reverend Fryers of Saint Augustine Out of the Gate San Mammolo is a Monastery of the Jesuites and upon the hill is the miraculous Madonna del Monte a Church of the Benedictine Fryars where are the natural essigies of Bassarione and Nicholo Perotto Towards the East is the Church of San Vittore placed among the Hills where Bartolo the most learned Doctor resided 3. yeers as it were unknown near which are stately Palaces Without the City also stands San Michelle in bosco upon a hill with a rich and proud Monastery The Church is garnished with fair Colums Statues and Sculptures of Marble and sumptuous Altars with rare pictures the Quire with excellent Land skips there is a stately Library refectory with excellent Pictures drawn by Vasari among them the essigies of Clement the 7th in the Cloyster lies buried Antonio di Butrio a Doctor of Laws and Ramazzotto a valourous Captain in the Wars Its apportments are excellent Architecture and its gardens most delitious from which Monastery besides the City and Territory of Bolonia you have a full prospect of the pleasant Country of Lumbardy so much commended by Polibius in the second book of his histories as also of those Snowy hills the Alps which appear like Clouds the Adriatic Sea and the mouth of the Poe which runs into the Sea by many branches and likewise of Mantoua Ferrara Imola Mirandola and other surrounding places which seem as so many fair Roses and flowers dispersed over those Fields The Teritory of BOLOGNA TRavailing out of Bologna South-West you meet with the most antient Monastery or Priorate of Santa Maria del Reno whence have proceeded â⦠Popes with many Cardinals Bishops Saints and other Religious Then turning on the left hand towards the Apenines and keeping the River Reno on the right you arrive at the Bridge Casaleââ¦chio a little farther you see the Chiesa which is a Wall traversing the Reno from sidè to side to force the Water down a Chanel cut artificially to Bologna for the driving certain Engines and Mils for grindidg Corn for making Vessels of Copper and Arms for War for beating of Spices and Galnuts for twisting of Silks for burnishing of Arms and for edging of divers Instruments ââ¦orm king of Paper sawing of Planks and divers other Mysteries and in the end to convey the Barks to Malelbergo and thence on the Poe to Ferrara Then you enter the Vale Reno between the River and the Hills which is most productive of all Grains and Fruits in which Valley stands the magnificent Palace of the Rossi a Palace for its capaciousness and delights fit to lodge an Emperor on the Hill near it is the Town Colossina which before you can aââ¦cend you must pass under a Rock by a way cut thorow with Iron on the left hand beholding a prodigious hollow through which the ââ¦eni passeth Then you ââ¦ind Panico a Town a long time possessed by the Family oâ⦠Panico which at this day is wholly extinct More forward one discovers a fair Plain called Misano and in it certain foot-steps of Edifices and other Antiquities pursuing which way you arrive at the Town Vergata the seat of the Captain who hath Jurisdiction over the Inhabitants of the adjacent Villages and is diââ¦ant 15. miles from Bolonia Whenââ¦e travailing on the right hand shew themselves Cesio Barghi and Casââ¦lighone Castles of the Signori Pepoli near whereto are the confines of the Florentine Territories but on the right hââ¦nd along the Banks of the Reno are the Baths of Porretta where from Rocks gush out hot Waters very medicinal whose virtue is manifested to all by the Proverb which saies Chi beve l'acqua della Borrââ¦tta â⦠che lo ââ¦pazza ò che lo netta thence taking the right-handway you enter the Graffignana treated of diffusely before Taking the Way through the Gate Galliera towards Ferrara you meet Corââ¦icella then pussing the Bridge over the Reno you see San Georgio a Castle ten miles off Bologna where leaving the Castles Cento and Pieve on
stands that Egregious Vessel or Font of pretious Stones wherein they baptize their Infants whose four Gates of Brass are esteemed without their equal Herein Baldessar Gossa once Pope of Rome deposed from the Papacy at the Council of Costanza lies buried in an artificial Sepulcher of Brass made by Donatello with his essigies and these Letters Balthasar Cossa olim Ioannes vigesimus tertius The noble Temple Santa Maria Novella for its marvellous Structure may be compared to any other of Italy which Michael Angelo was wont to call his Venus Among its other notable things appears the Sepulchre of the Patriarchs of Constantinople who subscribed to the Council celebrated under Eugenius the fourth near to which Church adjoyns the sumptuous Monastery for the Fryers wherein were celebrated certain sessions of A general Council in the presence of the Latin and Greek Church the Pope the Emperor and four Patriarkes The Mirrour of Art and wonder of this Age Saint Laurence Chapel is so glorious that who enters must imagine himself in some place above terrestrial which is overlayed with fine polisht Stones of all colours upon Earth dugg up within the Dukes Territories t was built by Cosmo Medici and in the midst of this Church stands his Sepulchre with this Epitaph Decreto publico Patri Patriae with many other sumptuous tombs therein also is a Library not despicable founded by Pope Clement the 7th the Church Santa Croce hath a most stately Pulpit in it is the sumptuous Sepulchre of Leonardo Aretino and the Temple of Michael Angelo Bonorota made by his own hand Over his Urn stand those three Arts he was so renowned for bewailing the loss of their Patron Herein also is a fayr Organ set up at the charge of Cosmus the great Duke the very manufacture whereof cost 4000. Crowns The Church Santo Spirito is built with the strict rules of Architure and supported by vast long Columns of Stone and hath a fair Cloyster for the Iacobins which was painted by the Greeks before the Italians knew that Art The graceful Fabrick of the Monastery of Saint Mark hath a gracefull Chapel for the Signori Salviati wherein is the Tombe of Saint Antonio Arch-Bishop of Florence and there one may read this Epitaph of ââ¦icus Mirandola an eminent Scholar Ioannes jacet hic Mirandula caetera n orunt Et Tagus Ganges forsan Antipodes The Annunciade is a place of great Devotion whither every season resort infinite people to a Madenna drawn by the hand of Saint Luke t is a magnificent Temple filled with ornaments of Gold and Silver Statues gemmes and other rich gifts it hath a sumptuous Monastery and in it a fair Library and Stââ¦dy There are many fayr Churches which for brevity sake are omitted It hath 37. Hospitals 44. Parish Churches 12 Priorates 54. Monasteries of Nunns 24. of Fryers with other Confraternities of Children in great number whence as also from the infinite number of Fryers of all Orders in this City we may collect that the Florentines are more enclined to Religion than any other People of Italy This renowned Country hath been the Birth-place of many excellent Ingenuities who have not onely been a glory to it but to all Italy Some whereof follow Saint Antonio Arch-bishop of Florence St. Gionan Gualbarto St. Andrea Carmelitano St Filippo de Servi with others who have either instituted new Religious Orders or reformed the old Four Popes Leon the 10th Clement the 7th Leon the 11th of the Family of the Medici and Clement the 8th of the house of Aldobrandini with many other Cardinals Bishops and other Prelates of the Court of Rome many excellent Captains in War among them Pietro Strozzi grand Marshal of France And infinite Persons excelling in Letters as Dante Petrarca Bocacccio Cavalââ¦ante Beniviedi Politiano Crinito Ficino Palmerio Passavanti Dino del Garbo a Physician Macchiavel Accucsir Glossatori Donato Acciaivolo And for Painters Sculptors and Architectors it hath produced so many that we may say those Arts are to them proper and connatural ãâã hath two Accademies one for Painting the other for the vulgar Tongue whereof the Florentines are heads and Masters We must not omit one good Argument of their state Abilities which was that at one instant in the time of Pope Boniface the 9th there resided 13. Florentines as Embassadors from divers Princes at Rome It hath several noble Families whereof some are gone into France where they dwell with Titles and Principalities others to Venice and others to Rome who all live in honour The City contains 85. thousand Souls For eight miles round about the City there seems another Florence so full are the Fields speckled with Country Seats some for publick use as the sumptuous Monastery called the Abbaââ¦y of Fiesole founded by Cosmo Medici the Monastery of Saint Domenick which yet retains the Episcopal Seat one walk of Pyne Trees two mile long and another of Cipreses leading to Pioggio with many more And others for private as Pratolino much spoken of which Francesco the great Duke built adorning it with Palaces Statues Pictures and Fountains so well contrived and disposed that t is worthily esteemed one of the pleasant places of Italy Two miles forth of Florence at the Foot of the Apenines appears some Footsteps of the ancient City Fiesole where formerly the Southsayers and fortune tellers inhabited It was antiently of that power that it gave assistance to Stilicone the Roman Captain for the destruction of the Goths whereof were then slain above one hundred thousand The premises considered we may conclude there is no Province in Italy more furnisht with delightfull and well-peopled Cities than that of the Great Duke whose Ancestors by uniting the States of three Republicks together to wit Pisa Florence and Siena doth now entirely possess all Tuscany the nobler part of Italy his Revenue exceeds 100000. pound sterl per. Annum SCARPERIA ON the way which leads to Bologna stands Scarperia being 16 miles from Vlorence noted for Knives Cizers and other such like things there made And among those Mountains lies the most fruitfull Mugello Whose Inhabitants are called Mugellini Here Cosmus retreated for his delight when he was solemnly styled Duke of Flouence commanding a Fort and Palace to be built and environed them within a spatious Wall wherein he kept wilde beasts for the Chase. More forwards lies the Way to Faenza and Romagna near it begins the Cresentino contained between the Ronta and Arââ¦o reaching to Arezzo well peopled and very fertile And from the higest Mountains you may look down into the Vally Ombrose where Giovanni Gualberto a Florentine gave beginning to the Order named Religione di Valle Ambrosa in the yeer of our Lord 1070. and also into Umbria On the North-East part lies the Palace Poggio of the great Dukes a house swarming with Statues and rarities and a Park for Beasts of Chase where is also a Fortezza And opposite to it lies the noble Castle Prato accounted
one of the first four of Italy here they make bread white as Snow and here they keep with great devotion the Garter of the Virgin Mary a little more near the Apenines is Monte Murlo much spoken of for the taking those Florentines which fled out of Florence and there embodied by Alessandro Vitelli Captain for Cosmus the Duke which secured his Principality PISTOIA AFter which entring a lovely Plain you meet the City Pistoia twenty miles off Florence which though little is neatly compact and rich and would have been better had it not much groned under the factions of its own Citizens Twenty miles of Pistoia stands Lucca which governs it self in Liberty and by the strength of its Wall the Richness of Trade and the Industry of its own Citizens maintains it self well with all things necessary t is an antient City and was made a Colony of the Romans Desiderius the King built its strong Walls which with its site enabled it to endure a six moneths siege by Narsetes towards the Sea stand yet the footsteps of the Temple of Hercules the River Serchio runs close by Lucca whence the famous baths of Italy are ten miles distant Out of Florence towards the West in that spatious Plain stands the Castles Empoli and Fucecchio there is also a Lake of that name as also San Miniato al Todesco so called for that t was built by certain Germans under Desiderius their King PISA COasting the River Arno you attain Pisa an antient City built long before Rome by the Grecians and was one of the 12 Cities of Tuscany it was powerfull at Sea and obtained many victories against the Genovesi it subdued Cartagine conquered the Island of Sardegna and delivered its King Prisoner to the Pope It recovered Palermo in Sicilia out of the hands of the Sarazens who had long enjoyed it it slew the Sarazen King of Majorca It sent 40 Galleys in assistance to Almerico King of Ierusalem against the Sarazens who possessed Alexandria It greatly assisted the Popes in their adversity It was so potent happy and rich that Saint Thomaso treating of the four things reckons it among the four most potent Cities of Italy But from that time that at the instance and request of Frederick Barbarossa it captivated so many Prelates of the Romiââ¦h Church two Cardinals which came from France to the Lateranian Council it only decayed from bad to worse till it lost Liberty and Power yet in process of time by the residence of the Knights of S. Stefano and the University it recovered and still preserves the Countenance of an honourable City Plato will have it well situated being four miles then now eight from the Sea so that t is not placed upon the Sea shore but near it not upon the Mountains but near them in a Plain just so divided from the royal River Arno as Plato fancies his City T is endowed with four things which create wonder the Church of Saint Iohn the Domo the Steeple and ââ¦ampo Santo which was raised with that very holy Earth which they brought home in their Galleys when 50 of them were sent to assist the Emperor in the recovery of the holy Land On one side of it lies Lucca on the other Livorgeo or Ligorne T was destroyed by the Florentines in the yeer 1509. Intending from Florence to Siena you must go out at the Porta Romana through which Charles the fifth entred after his Victory in Africk and so passing by the Monastery Certosini attain Cassano Tavernelli and Staggia by a direct way having pleasant hills and fruitfull Valleys on each side In the way appears the Castle Certaldo the Birth-place of Giovani Boccaccio the Prince of Tuscan Poets who dyed in the 62. yeer of his Age in the yeer of our Lord 1375. and was interred in a Marble Tombe in the Domo of Certaldo with this Epitaph Hac sub mole jacent cineres ac ossa Ioannis Mens sedet ante Deum meritis ornata laborum Mortalis vitae genitor Boccacââ¦ius ââ¦lli Patria Certaldum studium fuit alma Poesis Somewhat further stands the Bourg Saint Geminiano famous for its good wine Vernace T is adorned with fair Churches noble Palaces illustrious persons and a gentle people built by Desiderius King of the Longobardi Westward from which lies the antique City Volterra which was founded 100. yeers before the firing of Troy and 500. before the building of Rome t is built on a hill the ascent to whose top is 3 miles its Walls are of squared stones 6 foot long layed cemented without Mortar It hath five gates before each a Fountain of clear water within them two other stately Fountains with many antieÌt statues on theÌ old Epitaphs it hath a rich Territory is subject to the great Duke it produced Persio the poet and divers other wits beyond it lies the Sea On its left hand lies Ancisâ⦠the Country of St. Francis the Patriark Fighine and other good places AREZZO TRavailing towards the East you meet Arezzo accounted one of the antient twelve The Aretines contributed 30000. Crowns as many Celades with other Kinds of Weapons to the Romans and 120000. bushels of Wheat to furnish the Armada of 40 Galleys which was to convoy Scipio against the Carthaginians It hath suffered many and many calamities but with the government of Cosmus the great Duke it began to take breath and restore it self Pliny saies their Vessels of Earth were in his time esteemed the best of Italy San Donato its Bishop was there Martyred in the time of Valentinian the Emperor who baptized L. Zembio the Tribune and then endowed the Church of Arezzo wherein lies buried S. Lorenââ¦o and Pellegrino brothers and Martyrs and Gregory the 10th chief Bishop the house of Petrark is yet to be seen there begins the State of the Church On the direct way to Siena stands Poggibonzi a place noted for the perfumed Tobacco composed there which the Italians take as profusely in powder as the English in pipes as also Ascia and near it Siena SIENA Paolo V. THis City was named Siena from the Galli Senoni who resided there under Brennus their Captain and built it on the back of the hill Tuffo t was made a Colony by the Romans and afterwards underwent the same misery with the other Cities of Tuscanie In process of time it recovered liberty and therewith its former emulation with Florence against whom it fought and obtained a glorious victory after which it became subject to the Petrarci it s own Citizens whome discarding it continued a free State till the yeer 1555. when the great Duke recovered it It s ayr is very good and wholesome Its Inhabitants very courteous who profess and speak the purity of the Italian Language without the Porta Romana the City appears with a great deal of Majesty being beautifyed by the many Towers raised in honour of such persons as performed some eminent service for the Common Wealth among
these Towers which yet retein the memory of its former freedome that of Mangio surpasseth for heighth which though founded in the bottom of the Piazza out tops all the City and serves for a Clock-house from its top is an incomparable prospect to the confines of Tuscany at the foot of this hideous structure is a Marble Chapel to which adjoyns the Senate house built by the Goths at one end whereof stands a column bearing Remus and Romulus sucking a Wolfe in Brass the Arms of this City Its Piazza lies in the heart of the City so formed that whosoever passeth over it must be seen by all In the midst of it is a Marble Fountain whence issues sweet Water out of the Wolves mouth The whole City is paved with Brick The houses are for the most part built of Brick alla Moderââ¦a the chiefest is that proud Palace built of squared stones by the Pope Pius the second and the Arch-Bishop who is of the Family of the Picolomenies Among its Churches the Domo dedicated to the Virgin Mary is worth noting for though in comparison of others in Italy it be but small yet for the pains and charges which it must have cost t is inferiour to none being both without and within of black and white Marble The Facade is admirably garnished with Statues about the inside are the heads of all the Popes The Pulpit is an unparalleled piece beset with figures of Marble but its singularityâ⦠lies in the Pavement wherein many parts of the sacred history are so lively represented in several colours of Marble that no pencil can come near it though many Masters take pattern from those figures in stones In it is a Chapel wherein is kept the Arm of Saint Iohn Baptist given to a Pope by the King of Pelopoââ¦esus In the royal Church of Saint Domeniââ¦k in Campo Regio is kept the head of Santa Caterina of Siena and many Bodies of Saints and near to it stands the Hospital where Pilgrims may have their full refreshment for several daies wherein is remarkeable the diligence of the Attendants in satisfying the Appetites necessities of the poor and infirm in the Chapel lies the Founder B. Susorius as yet uncorrupted though ninehundred yeers since he dyed The Walls of Siena are of an exceeding compass yet but slight stocked with caper Trees that Fruit growing best in Morter The City was reduced to the Faith of Christ by S. Ansano a Roman Citizen who was afterwards beheaded It particularly hath a great devotion to Santa Maria the Mother of God as appears by the Motto round their Common Seal Salve Virgo Senam Veterum quae cernis amaenam Many illustrious Men hath this City afforded as Saint Bernard the restorer of the Order of Minorites the blessed Giovanni Colombino first Institutor of the Jesuites Order Saint Ambrogio de'Bianconi the Institutor of the Canons Regulars and of the Monks of Mount Olivet Four Popes as Alexander the third who by his pious life and exceeding patience overcame four Anti-Popes set up against him by Frederick Barbarossa Pius the first and Pius the second of the Family Picolomini and Paolo Quinto of the Borghesi with many Cardinals Bishops Prelates and Doctors in all the Sciences most famous The Countrey about Siena is filled with all sorts of great Chase so that Wilde Bore and other Venison in its season is commonly sold in Butchers shops It s Territory is very pleasant and fruitfull and in a word the City is one of the principal in Italy On the left hand at twelve miles distance Mount Oliveto discovers it self much spoken of for the order of white Fryers of Oliveto taking its riââ¦e there whereon is built a sumptuous Abbacy and therein dwell a vast number of Monks devoted to the service of God whence the river also being past you finde San Querico so called from a Church dedicated to that Saint and Radicofano where Desiderius King of the Longobardi built a strong Fort and the great Duke another to whom they are now subject here ends the patrimony which the Countess Matilda consigned the Church whereof Viterbo is head Between San Quirico and the Banks of the River Orica stands the City Pienza the Countrey of Pope Pius the second and so calbed from his name Further upon a high and rough Mountain stands Chiusi one of the twelve Cities of Tuscany where Porsenna King of the Tuscans was buried who there built a Labyrinth wherein who entred without a clew of thread was certainly buried at present this City is depopulated Somewhat farther towards the North is Monte Pulciano a City not very antient but populous and rich seated in a delightfull Country abounding with all things desireable It gave birth to Marcellus the second chief Roman Bishop and Cardinal Bellarmine who wrote acutely upon the disputed controversies of all the Heresies beyond which are many delightfull places On the other side of the Road which goes from Quirico near the River Arbia are the Baths of Petriolo and the mouth of the River Asso near which are many fayr Bourgs and the Maremma of Siena wherein is the City Grossetto in the Jurisdiction of Siena well fortified by the great Duke and Montamata where are great plenty of Acorns and grain to dy Scarlet under these Mountains lies the Bourg Santo Fiore much honoured by the illustrious house of the Sforzaes where they have a Stately Palace together with large possessions and Lands for hunting and other pastimes The Traveller is many times obliged to pass the River Paglia in this Journey which sometimes is dangerous on the other side of which lies Aquapendente so called from its site on the hanging of a hill and by it runs a rapid stream San Lorenzo and Bolsena a good Town built out of the ruines of the antient City named Urbs vulfimensium then accounted one of the twelve chief ones of Etruria It s Territory is very fertile as may appear by the Olive Trees bearing in the first yeer planting according to Pliny Here they reverenced the Body of the Virgin San Christina who being cast into the Paglia for the faith thence returned without the least hurt leaving the track and impression of her Foot on the ground which appears to this day here also happened the great miracle of the consecrated hoast which being in the hands of the Priest who doubted the truth of it of a suddain bled extreamly and so all bloody was carried to Orvieto where with great honour t is preserved in the Domo in the River is an Island delightsome and fertile and a little Church Mauseolum or burying place of the Farnesi here the prudent and religious Queen Amala sunta was wickedly slain at the command of Theodato King of the Ostrogoths whose gravity and sweetness of speech was such that arguing with condemned persons on death she so much convinced them of the good that they little feared the punishment
of it On the left side of the said Lake is Orvieto Cagnarea and Tevere all Cities On the right the City Soana the birth place of Pope Gregory the 7th at present almost uninhabited Petigliano and Farneso appertainning to the noble Family of Farnesi in Rome somewhat further is the City Castro of the said Farnesies so surrounded with Rocks and Cavernes that it appears to the Enterers rather an obscure Den for wilde beasts than habitations for Men. From whence walking towards the Sea you finde Orbello Talamoni Monte Argentaro and Port Ercole all stately places subject to the King of Spain On whose right-hand they shew the noble Castle Tuscanello subject to the See of Rome so antient that if it be permitted to beleeve them they say it was built by Askanius Son of Eneas and upon one of the ports appears an old Marble with an Epitaph carved thereon shewing his Original and descent As also the City Cornetto by the antient Tuscans dedicated to Pan whose stately antique Walls shew it to have been an honourable City Pope Gregory the fifth was born there Giovanni Vitalesco a Cardinal and Father Mutio a Jesuite with many other famous Men seaven miles off Cornetto stands Civita Vecchia on the Sea shore a fortified Port. On the left hand of the Via Regia lies Horti an antient City which is the Tuscan boundarie Further off is Tevere and the Lake Basanello in Latine Lacus Vadimonis and hereabouts stands Bassanello Castello Magliano Civita Castellana Galese and the Via Flaminia which leads from Rimini to Rome In the way from Bolsena to Rome is the Grove Monte Fiascone where the Antients with great ceremony and solemnity were wont to sacrifice to the Goddess Giââ¦one near which stands the old City Mionte Fiascome which was a long time besieged by Camillus who was not able to reduce it for the strength of its site It s Territory yeelds Moscatella Monte Fiascone being passed you enter a large and pleasant Plain in which stands Viterbo antiently called Vetulania but Desiderius the King having inclosed it Longhola Tussa and Turrenna within one Wall by his Edict yet to be read in a white Marble Tablet in the Palace of Viterbo commanded it to be called Viterbo t is head of the Church Patrimony and behind it lies Monte Cimeno T is adorned with stately Edifices amongst which the Domo is famous where four Popes ly buried Iohn the 21. Alexander the 4th Adrian the 5th and Clement the 4th and the Church Santa Rosa wherein that Saints body is kept entire an admirable Fountain casting out great quantity of water This City was a long time subject to the Vecchi and Gotti its Citizens who driven out it submitted to the Pope T is well inhabited with a civil people and abounds with Corn Oyl Wine and Fruits in its Territory are eleven Rivers which store it with excellent Fish It wants not Baths of warm water among the rest those of Bolicano are named for their Miraculous virtue A mile forth the City stands the Church Quierria dedicate to the Virgin Maria finally it hath afforded Men of excelling Judgements From this City you ascend the Mountain Viterbo called Mons Cyminus by the Latins upon which is the Castle Canepina near thereto stood formerly the Castle Corito built by Corito King of Tuscany whose foundations yet remain there also was then a thick and terrible Wood through which none durst pass no more than the Calidonian or Hercinian Wood but at present the Trees are cut and a way comodiously layed out At the Foot of this Mountain towards the South is the Lake Vico in Latin called Lacus Cyminus near it stands the Village Viro and the Castle Soriano where there was an inexpugnable Fort whence for 60 yeers the Brittons Souldiers could not be expelled Pursuing the way towards Rome you finde Ronciglione which hath a lovely Fountain and Caprinica inhabited by 500. Families beyond which lies Sutri an antient City built as is believed by the Pelasgi a Grecian people before Saturnus came into Italy The Romans taking the advantage of this City assaulted the Tuscans and overcame an Army of 60 thosand Tuscans Spoletines and Ombri It s ill ayr renders it near uninhabited Beyond Ronciglione lies Caprarola a Castle of the Farnlsies where whatever can be desired for Recreation is competently pro vided for by Cardinal Alexandro Farnese Not far distanr from it is Civita a City now of smal importance though antiently because they would not assist the Romans then afflicted by Hannibal we find them by the Romans condemned al Doppio Passing on the Via Regia one meets Rofolo a Bourg adjacent to a Lake of immense profundity two miles beyond it Campagnana and npon the same way a standing Pool where was Cremera a Castle built by the Fabii and destroyed by the Vesenti here weââ¦eslain in one day by the said Vesenti 500. Servants and 300. persons of that Family for having privatly complotted an insurrection for their Country Rome against them one Childe sleeping in a Cradle escaped and became the restorer of the Fabii in Rome More forward stands the Town Baccano and the Wood called Bosco di Baccano which was lately a harbour for Assassinates and other people disposed to ill whence it grew into a proverb when we would advise any one to stand uppon his guard to say Perche siamo nel Bosco de Baccano but through the vigilance and care of the late Popes t is almost a secured passage On the right-hand stands Anguillara a Town of much Fame whose Lords having behaved themselves gallantly have acquired to themselves and Country eternal honour The Signori Orsini possesse it and Bracciano which is entitled a Dutchy From the aforenamed Lake runs the River Arone whence the Romans convey by pipes the water they called Sabatina from the Lakes name Sabatina Towards the Sea lies the Monastery Santo Severa made now a Fort and Ceri a Castle upon the shore On the left hand of the Via Regia lies the Via Flaminea and six miles beyond Beccano Isola then Storta two Towns and thence t is seaven miles to Rome One may also travail from Bologna to Rome on the Via Emilia and so pass Imola Faenza Forli Cesena and Rimini IMOLA IMola called in Latine Forum Cornelii enjoyes a good Ayr a fruitful Territory a commodious situation for all things Narsetes in the yeer of Christ 550. destroyed it but Dasone second King of the Longobardi restored it and called it Imola Galeazzo Sforza Son of Francis Duke of Milan possessed it and gave it in Dowry to Girolamo Riario Savonese in Anno 1473. some time after t was taken forcibly by Cesar Borgia Son of Pope Alexander the 6th finally after several other Lords it became under the power of the Church who yet keep it in peace Martial the famous Poet resided here for
Sigismond the Emperor with Gabrino Fondulio Lord of the City who afterwards was sad at the heart that he had not precipitated the Emperour and Pope to eternalize his memory as did Herostrato who only to commemorate his name gave fire to and burnt that stupendnous Temple of Diana built in Ephesus at the common charge of all the Potentates of Asia in two hundred yeers It hath a Cathedral with a good Revenue and many other stately Churches wherein are kept many Reliques of Saints and much riches several Hospitals and other pious places The Families of Cremona are for the most part descended from the Romans who there made a Colony others from the veterane Souldiers who for reward of their Labours had houses Lands there assigned them and others from the Goths Longobardi French Germans and other people of Italy it hath given birth to many eminent Ecclesiasticks Lawyers Physicians Souldiers and Poets The people are of an industrious and accute wit and have invented several sorts of Stuffs Silks and Clothes and make excellent Swords Without the Gate Puleselia stands the Church San Guglielmo where is a large Pond which did formerly contain troubled and stinking water but San Domenick and Francis who dwelt there making the sign of the Cross over it they were there by miraculously converted into clear and sweet waters Near the Porta San Michaele stood a Temple dedicate to the Goddess Februa whereof nought appears now Close by the Walls runs the noble River Oglio On its West part lies nhe Territory of Lodi on the North Bergamo and Brescia on the East Mantona and on the South Piacenza Between Towns and Hamlets this City possesseth 41. places and all its Country round about is a plain planted with trees in excellent order with Vines clinging to them and most productive of all grains herbage and other necessaries From Cremona to Mantoua leads a direct even road and upon or near it lye Piadena the Country of Bartolomeo Platina close by which passeth the Oglio Canesdo where the Oglio spends it self in the Poe the Castles Asola and Acquanegria Bozzolo a Town and San Martino where Scipion Gonzaga the Splendor of the College of Cardinals lies buried Then the River passed which crosseth the Road you leave the Bourg Marcheria and Gazuolo where there is a sumptuous and royal Palace of the Gonzaghi whose also are the 3 Castles from Gazuolo to Mantoua twelve miles But the way from Cremona to Mantoua on the left side of the Poe lies thus first to the Town San Giovanni and Ricardo then to Ponzono Gusnola and Casal Maggiore and then to Sabioneda an imperial City very fair and stately a draught whereof was taken by order of the Duke Vespasiano Beyond which lies Viadona and Pomponesco where lies the passe over the Poe whence t is eight mile to Mantoua in the way are Montecchio a mannor of the Palavicini Colorno under the Parmesans the Castle Bresegello of the Dokes of Estè formerly a City but destroyed by the Lougobardi whose King Alboino there slew Totila King of the Gothes and by that victory made himself Lord of Italy Gonzaga where the Duke of Mantoua hath a noble Palace Reggio Huolara Luzzara and Guastallo entitled with a Principality thence to Borgo Forte and so to Mantoua MANTOUA FOr its antiquity gives place to no City of Italy being founded not only before Rome but before the destruction of Troy which happened according to Eusebius Saint Jerome and others 430. yeers before the building of Rome Leandro Alberti shewes that Mantoua was built 1183. yeers before the coming of our Lord into the flesh And as it was more antient than the rest so was its Original more noble being founded by Ocno Bianoro the most antient King of Tuscany who was Son of Tiberino King of Tuscany and Manto Tebena his Queen and so called it Mantoua from the name of his Mother It was first inhabited by three noble people the Tebani Veneti and Toscani as Virgil the Prince of Poets celebrating the nobleness of this his Country testifies in his 10. book of his AEneades Ille etiam patriis agmenciet Ocnus ab oris Fatidicae Manthus Tusci filius amnis Qui muros matrisque dedit tibi Mantoua nomen Mantoua Dives avis sed non genus omnibus unum Gens illi triplex populi sub gente quaterni Ipsa caput populis Tusco de sanguine vires T is seated among the Marishes created by the River Mencio is strong by nature and art large and well built adorned with sumptuous Palaces and fair Churches noble Piazzaes spatious recreative places and direct streets T is a merchandizing City and copious of all trading through the conveniency of the waters The people are of an acute genius and not less disposed to Learning Arms and all Sciences than to Traffick and Merchandizing In the Church of the reverend Fathers of Saint Domenick is the Tomb of Giovanni de Medici Father of Cosmus great Duke of Tuscany where may be read this Epitaph Joannes Medices hic situs est inusitatae virtutis Dux qui ad Mincium tormento ictus Italiae fato potius quam suo cecidit 1526. In the Church of the Carmelites lies Batista Spagnuolo General of that order with this Epitaph Reverend P. Magister Baptiste Mantuanus Carmelita Theologus Philosophus Poeta Orator Clarissimus Latinae Graecae Hebraicae linguae peritissimus In the sumptuous Temple Saint Andrea is some of the pretious bloud of our Lord and the body of San Longino the Martyr Montigna Padouano lies likewise buried here with this Inscription Ossa Andreae Mantiniae famosissimi Pictoris cum duobus filiis insepulchro per Andream Mantiniam nepotem ex filio constructo And underneath are these two verses Esse parem hunc noris si non praeponis Apelli Enea Mantiniae qui simulacra vides In the Duomo where the lngenuity of Giulio Romano a famous Architector hath expatiated it self lies the entire body of San Anselmo Bishop of Lucca In San Egidio lies Bernardo Tasso Mantoua hath eight Gates is in compass four miles hath in it 50. thousand Souls and the aforesaid Lake or Marish lies 20. miles round it near it is the Royal Palace of Te built by Giulio Romano Five miles off Mantoua West-ward stands a Temple dedicate to the Virgine Mary filled with presents and vows wherein lies the body of Baldassar Casiiglione in a fayr Tomb. Twelve miles distant from it South-ward is the magnificent and sumptuous Monastery of Saint Benedict seated in a Plain near the Poe which was built by Bonisace Marquess of Mantoua Count of Conossa and Uncle of Matilda in the yeer of our Saviour 984. which for its Magnificense Riches and sumptuousness of building and what more imports for its observance in Religion antecedes all the other Monasteries of Italy The Fryers Benedictines have possessed it for 200 yeers from whom have issued many Religious filled with sanctity good doctrine and
said Bembo Exiguo tumulo Danthes hic sorte jacebas Squallenti nulli cognito pene situ At nunc marmoreo subnixus conderis arcu Omnibus cultu splendidiore nites Nimirum Bembus Musis incensus Hetruscis Hoc tibi quem in primi hae coluere didit And with this other Inscription which the said Dante near his death composed Iura Monarchiae superos Phlegetonta lacusque Lustrando cecini voluerunt Fata quousque Sed qua pars cesset meliorib hospita castris Actorumque suum petiit faelicior astris Hic claudor Danthes patriis extortis ab oris Quem genuit parui Florentia mater amoris The biggest Church of Ravenna is the Arch-Bishops upon whose high Altar was formerly sustained a massy Silver heaven or canopy on four Pillars which was worth 30000. Crowns with excellent ornaments wrought with Gold all which were taken away by the sacriligious people of Lewis the 12th King of France when without any difference he sacked this City for which they afterwards received from the most high condigne punishment being most of them cut in pieces or forced to leap into the Poe or Tesino where they drowned themselves In a Semicircular Chapel are Limned those first Arch-Bishops of Ravenna elected by the shewing of a Dove in Mosaick work a fair piece whose election was after this manner Sant Apollinare believed one of the 72 Disciples of Christ then ascended into Heaven departing from Antiochia with Saint Peter togo to Rome had in his passage taught the Christian Faith at Ravenna and afterwards stayed there to govern it whom none of the Disciples by him left judged themselves sit to succeed to govern that Church where fore all of them together withdrew themselves into a Temple to pray to God to demonstrate to wââ¦h of them it would please his Divine Majesty to commit that care whereat the holy Spirit in the form of a Dove descended upon the head of one who was understood by it to be elected by God to that Dignity after which manner eleaven Arch-Bishops were successively chosen And the Casement whereat the Dove entred is yet apparent though half shut over the Arch of the high Altar in the Church of Spirito Santo in this City in which Church on the left hand is a heap of Bricks near which in a Corner stood Severus a mean person and a simple Man upon whose head the holy Spirit descended visible to all he being the last of the eleaven T is worth ones pains to view the Church of Saint Apollinare called the golden heaven built most sumptuously by Theodorick King of the Ostrogoths it hath two ranks of most noble great Columns brought hither by that King from Constantinople and is garnished with many pretious Marbles extracted from Rome and other places of Italy and also some other Churches In Ravenna are many antiquities Epitaphs and antient Memorials whose Letters and words require a University of Interpreters The ruines of a stately Palace supposed King Theoricks appear yet in the midst of its Fountain is a statue of Hercules Horarius not elsewhere found Hercules stands like an Atlas bending with his left knee as ready to rise who with his two hands elevated and his head together supports a Solar Horologe whereon the shadow of the needle from the Sun shewes the houre of the day A like statue of Hercules was found in Rome in the Vineyard of Steffano del Buffalo which instead of the Horologe supported a round Globe with the Celestial Signs distinctly figured but this difference is not of any great moment nearly weighing the Signification of the thing for the knowlege of the hour arose from the observation of the Celestial motion and t is the Sun distinguishes the hour who by his annual course visites the whole Cirk of the Firmament which hath caused some to conjecture that Hercules signifies the Sun and that the 12 labours counted as of a Mans is the Ingress of the Sun through the twelve Signs in the circuit of the skies whereby the Sun of it self casts forth its beams persuing which Opinion misteriously though with somewhat accult sense they apply to the sun all the other Fables of Hercules which are two tedious here to be applyed let it suffice to have spoken so much to the purpose of that statue to rouse up our youth into a more near Scrutiny of the sense of the Fables of the antients from the knowledge wherein may be extracted many natural secrets hid under those their sayings and Fables Before Ravenna stands a most antient round Church of the blessed Virgin being so fair and large that the inward circle is 25. foot in diametre The walls are finely wrought and all the pavement is layed with small stones of various colours disposed into divers pleasing figures after the Mosaick work the Roofis of one squared entire hard stone hollowed in the midst whereof is the Cupola whereby the light penetrates t is scarce imaginable how or by what Art so great a stone could be mounted so high nor where had the Edge or Plate on the Walls at top as near as can be guessed are about 35 foot in circuit above the said Edge on the top four fair Collumns in former times susteyned the noble Sepulchre of Theodorick King of the Ostrogothes of Porphire specled with white being one entire stone eight foot long and four foot high with a cover of Brass figured and wrought to admiration with gold and othergarnishments which Tombe t is supposed Amalesunta his Daughter erected but in the time of the French war the wicked Souldiers of Lewis the 12th King of France with hopes of some great booty within drew it down and broke it whereof some Reliques yet remain Three miles forth the City in the way to Forli runs the River Ronco on the Bank whereof stands a Cross of stone in testimony that in the year 1512. Gastone de Fois Captain of the French Army there obtained a victory with the loss of his own life for that being too fiercly bent against his enemies he advanced two forward with very few in full speed of his Horse and of a sudden was dead in which battail dyed that day eighteen thousand Souldiers between French Spaniards Italians Germans and Switzers CERVIA NEar Ravenna lies that notable Wood called Pigneda from the infinite number of Pyne trees there growing whose Fruit supply all Italy Some miles beyond which stands Cervia a City but ill peopled by reason of the malignant ayr all whose Inhabitants are such as get a livelyhood by making Salt with Saltwater dryed in the Sun whereof they make such quantity that white Salt lies in Mountains In it is nought worth noting unless the model of so old a City built meerly for necessity The Cathedral Church although it hath a good revenue seemes but a Church of a Villa near it lies a Tomb of Marble in form of a Pyramide with two lovely Children carved at the foot of it After it had
and famous for working miracles which property his body lying in the Cathedral Church yet retains in operation over such persous as were oppressed with evil spirits lye expelling them As also to Plautus that antient and famous Comick Latin Poet who t is commonly held for truth wrought here at the Bake-house as a Baker for a lively-hood and when he had any spare time he composed his Comedies and sold them the better to supply his necessities Which Opinion Eusebius also confirms CESENA CEsena lies at the foot of a Hill near the River Savio which so rapidly runs by it down from the Apenines that it overflows and infests many grounds before it runs into the Sea This City hath a strong Cittadel upon the hill adjoyning to the heart of the City by means of a Pyle built by Frederick the second Emperor now near ruined T is worth ones pains to see the Church where on the roof hangs a piece of a poudered Hog nayled to it in remembrance of a Miracle wrought thus San Pietro the Martyr caused the Convent of Saint Domenick to be built in the time of whose strncture craving Almes for the Love of God it happened that this piece of the Poudred Hoggs flesh was bestowed on him whereof he gave and fed the Workemen and Labourers till the said Convent was finished and still there remained that which now hangs up there for that what ever the Saint cut off grew increased day by day in the same manner and quantity as in its first state as if it had not been at all touched or diminished It abounds with excellent wines and all other necessaries It s original is not known yet t was ever and is still well peopled It was under the Emperors the Church the Bolonians the Ordolasi Mighardo di Sussenna and the Malatesti the last of whom Malatesto Novello collected a stately Library not now so despicable also to be passed without a view in the Monastery of Saint Fraucis who surrendred the City to the Church from whom t was wrested by Caesar Borgio called Duke Valentino Son of Alexander the 6th and from him it once more returned in obedtence to the Church and so continued in quiet ever since on the Mount near it is a Church called Maria del Monte Cesena where the Benedictines serve RIMINI THe number of Antiquities through this City shew it very antient T was beautifyed divers times by Augustus Caesar and the succeeding Emperors with sumptuous Fabricks whereof the reliques yet remaining give asussicient testimony many Historians relate that t was made a Colony of the Romans before the first Punick War together with Benevento Publius Sempronius Sofo and Appius Claudius Son of the Blind being Consuls which was 485 yeers after the foundation of Rome After which t was held and inhabited by the Romans as a Fortezza in those Confines against the French and there most of the Roman Commanders designed with Armies to forein Countries were wont to make their Rendezvous signifying to their People what day they should there render themselves as Livy more plainly sets down T was called Rimini from the River Rimini which washes it The Picenti first justly held it but they were overcome by Appius Claudius who triumphed for it and dilated the Empire from Esino or Fiumefââ¦no to the River Pissatello T is seated in a most fertile Plain having on the East and West parts of it excellent plow-Lands on the South great plenty of Gardens Orchards OliveWoods and Vineyards upon the hills of the Apenine Mountains and on the North the Adriatick Sea all which as t were in emulation strive which shall exceed the other in affording of necessaries and delicacies of all sorts to its Inhabitants T is a comodious and fair City replenished with structures alla Mo derna in the Piazza is a glorious fountain sprouting sweet and clear waters through several pipes Towards the Sea are some Reliques of a stately Theatre over the River Arimino stands a Bridge built with large square Marble stones by Augustus which conjoins the Via Flaminia to the Via Emilia and the City to the Suburb which is 200. foot long in 5. Arches and 15. broad whose sides are wrought in Dorick structure upon one of which is inscribed the Titles of Augustus Caesar and on another those of Tiberius Caesar whence we compute this Bridge was finished 778. yeers after the foundation of Rome C. Calvisius and Gn. Lentulus than Consuls being begun by Augustus who much laboured to beautify and accomodate the ViaFlaminia sparing no cost and finished in the daies of Tiberius Some part of the old Port appears yet but so inconfiderable that it can onely receive small boats But how great and magnificent this hath been may be collected from that proud and stupendious structure the Church San Francesco which was built by Sigismond Maltesta Prince of this City with the Marble Stones haled out of the old Port. At the Porta Orientale leading to Pesaro is a fair Marble Arch erected there in honour of Augustus Caesar when having been seaven times Consul he was elected for the eighth he having fortified and adorned by commission of the Senate and Will of the People of Rome the five chief Roads of Italy as may be guessed from those few legible fragments of carved Letters yet remaining whereby it appears that the Via Flaminia was of great consideration Augustus having assumed to himself the care of accommodating that Road from Rome to Rimini as Suetonicus recounts and given the charge of accommodating the rest to certain illustrious Men with order to dispose what ever spoiles they took from the Enemies to that purpose For a memorial of which publique benefit are yetextant certain moneys or medals of Gold then stamped with the Effigies of Augustus with his titles on the one side and on the other an Arch with two Doors elevated over a Way on the top whereof sits Victory driving a triumphal Chariot with these words Quod viae munitâ⦠sint which words declare the occasion of that great honour done to Caesar was for his care and cost in amending the high Waies publick Roads Of which Arch now wholly destroyed many Reliquesly on the Via Flaminia even to Rome But the shortest way to Rome is to go over the Hills which ly South-ward from Rimini where stands the Castle Fiore to pass the River Isauro thirty miles whence is Urbino and eight miles more is Acqualagna there to enter the Via Flamââ¦nia and travail to Umbria In the Via Flaminia on the right hand upon a Hill is Verucchio the first habitation of the Malatesta to whom it was given by Otho the Emperor and higher in the Mountains is the Bourg S. Martino in in Latine Acer Mons a noble rich and well-peopled Place which hath ever preserved it self in full Liberty nor was it ever conquered which at a distance looks like a confused heap of Mountains without way or means to ascend to On the same
of them are in that honour as to be admitted Partners in the government of those States as if originally of those Republiques The Territories of Lucca are small but through the Industry of the Inhabitants most fertile and abounding in all things and so well peopled that they have eighteen thousand Men enrolled in the Militia besides those of the City In them lies those so health affording Bathes celebrated by many Historians and other writers whither annually resort from all parts infinite infirm and Lame Persons who for the most part return comforted and recovered In the way whereunto they pass two Bridges over the River Serchio whose Arches are so large that they are wonderfull to the beholders And t is certain all Europe cannot shew two Bridges so noble and fair Many other remarkable things might be inserted of this most noble City and its State but to avoid prolixity and pursue the stile begun the more curious are referred to the particular writers who treat thereof most copiously GENOUA THis City is head of the Province Liguria situate on the Sea shore at the foot of very high Mountains which though slerile by nature by the Inhabitants industry are become most fertile and produce most necessaries besides those delights which ly on the South part of it It s ayr is good though somewhat enclineing to hot and dry t is built in part upon hills and in part upon a Plain or Level On the Maritine part Westward It hath a Port may well merit the name of the most importent of Italy It enjoyes the Treasure of Liberty and is governed in form of a Republique all its state being content with that form knowing that to the obedient Life Honour and Goods under that government are in no hazard It stands between two Rivers the one on the East 70. miles long the other on the West a 100. In the River on the Levant about 6. miles from the City is the comely Town of Mervi which plentifully stores it with Fruits and Flowers all the Winter T is Mistress and sole Governess of the Island of Corsica whence in time of need they can advance a good quantity of Souldiers not inferiour in Arms or Valour to any other Nation The People of Corsia most willingly yeelding them Obedience for their protection and that costs them but a quarter of a Crown annually for each fire and some other incensible tax Every two yeers the Republique sends thither a Governour and the other Lawgivers and Judges who haviug finished their Offices are arraigned by two Gentlemen impowred thither to that effect who without any trouble to the subject do them justice against any Governour or Judge at their own doors who hath done them wrong Which rule they also observe through all other parts of their state On all part of the City are infinite pleasant Gardens and Pallaces beautified with all that Art can add to them or Riches procure their Structures being alla Moderna though somewhat high in most parts by reason that the City is but small so that they are necessitated to make the best use of their Room which renders the streets in most places narrow and in some a little obscure Though one street may be well termed the Mistress of the World called Strada Nova being spatious long even and on each side embellished with most stately Marble Pallaces the fairest whereof belongs to the Duke of Oria. It hath a most spatious Port in form of a Theatre compassed in with noble Structures which though defended by a most magnificent Mole judged the greatest in Christendome yet is when the South and Southwest Winds blow very tempestuous Opposite to it is a Pharos bearing a Lanthern for light to ships in the night time of an extraordinary bigness Darsina is a haven to it also which is a sure retreat for Galleys and shipping at all seasons The Galleys being there layed up in their several classis For publick Edifices it hath the Merchants Hall The publick Granaries the Dukes Pallace with the Armory of 30000. Men. And their Churches which though in respect of others of Italy they have not so much Beauty that once seen they yeeld a Gusto to a second view yet for their polisht Marble and inward Ornaments were they placed any where but in Italy might well merit a larger Account In Saint Lorenzo the Cathedral Church is shewed to Persons of quality an Emerald of inestible price as also the sumptuous Chapel of San Gio Battista wherein they adore his Ashes Who delights to see Pictures of great Maisters must repair to the Palace of Prince D'Ora reaching from the bottom of the shore to the top of the Mountains divided into three Gardens In the fiââ¦st whereof the Terrases and Porticues bore up one above another with Marble Pillars the Fountain of Eagles and the Family of Neptune are very magnificent On one side of which is that famous Cage of Iron work of so vast extent that it encloseth a wood of Cypres and other Trees The other two are filled with Grotts Orange Trees and other delights And who is curious to see Statues and Pictures may repair with fredome to the Pallaces of the Signori Giustiniano Pallavicino Horatio Chiavari and Giovan Caclo Doria who have collections of such Rarities of so great valew as is scarce to be believed a Treasure for a private Man Two Stautes which Giustiniano hath for their incomparable and Price deserve particuler mention to wit an antient Cupid of Marble sleeping and an antique head with a body to it esteemed most rare antiquities Religion so flourishes in Genoua that they may with thanks to God say that t is there in the higââ¦h of Glory It contains about a hundred thousand Souls more or less out of which in all Ages have proceeded Eminent Sholars and Souldiers Which shall end the relation here with this short Addition that whosoever for delight sees Genoua must repair thither in the begining of Summer who for profit or Merchandize may take their own conveniency To take a perfect view and a full prospect of the City in a calm and serene day you must embark in a small Boat and eloign on the Sea the distance of an ordinary Sight where the City seems so to be united with the Burroughs and both so conjoyned afford so fair an Object as must be confest to be a most beautifull and noble Prospective And who would behold Genoua from a high place must ascend the Steeple of the Church of S. Benigno and the Pharos where the Lanthorn stands In the Church ãâã Saint Iohn the Baptist among its other Reliques they pretend to have the heads of Saint Lavrence and Saint Sebastian the Martyr the Arms of Saint Matthew and Saint Theodore the Martyr and the right hand of Saint Iames the less together with a certain vessel of Calcidonian stone bestowed on this Church by Pope Innocent the 8th which they say to be the same dish wherein the Daughter of Herodias
Emperor of a Nymph leaning near a River judged by some to be Cleopatra and of Laocoon the Trojan with his two Sons enveloped in the twistings of the Serpents a piecemuch applauded by Pliny cut out of one entire Stone which that it might receive as excelling shapes and forms as could be carved by industry or Art Agesandro Polidoro and Asenodoro three rare Rodian Sculptors applyed their joynt Industry study pains This curious Sculpture was preserved by miracle of Fortune at the destruction of the Palace of Titus Vespasian the Emperour as also of the River Tevere or Tyber with the Wolââ¦e giving suck to Romulus and Remus carved out of one tire Stone and likewise the great Nilus leaning on a Sphinx on the heigth whereof stand sixteen Children denoting the sixteen Cubits of the increase of that River observed by the AEgyptians and every one of those Children is in such manner figured that it excellently describes the effect which at that rise and increase it wrought on the Land of AEgypt sa for example the sixteenth Child is placed upon a shoulder of the River with a basket of flowers and fruits upon its head and this Child signifies that the increase of the River to the sixteenth Cubit enriches the Earth to the production of great plenty of Fruit and brings gladness to it The 15th signifies that all is secure and well and the 14th brings joyfulness but all the other increases under 14. are unhappy and miserable as Pliny observes in the ninth Chapter of his fifth Book of Natural Histories and moreover some Creatures which are only proper to that Countrey with its plants called Calamo a Cane Colo Cassia AEgyptian Bean and Papiro called Papir Reed whereof they were wont to make great leaves to write on thereof was the first paper made thence as is supposed was that name borrowed which are no where to be found out of AEgypt no more than the Monsters to wit Hippotami or the Sea Horse whose Feet are like an Ox back and mayn like a Horse tusks like a Boar with a long winding tayl Ichneumoni the Indian or AEgyptian Ratt whose property is to creep into the Crocodiles Mouth when he gapeth to eat his Bowels and so kill him Trochili a Sea-foul friend to the Crocodil somewhat like to a wagtail or Sea Wood cock Ibidi the black stork a Bird in AEgypt which hath stiff Leggs and a long Bill wherewith when its sick it administreth it self a Glister of Sea Water Sciachi Land Crocodiles Crocodrili Sea Crocodiles which can only move the upper Jaw or Chaps And also the pourtraits of the Terrositi a generation of Pigmies or dwarfs incessant Men perpetual Enemies of the Crocodiles whereof Pliny in the 25th Chapter of his eighth Book of Natural Histories treats at large together with many other singular Statues in the said gardens of Belvedere which when seen thorowly examined and understood by intelligent Persons yeeld them great delight and satisfaction In the Bââ¦th of Pope Pius the 4th is a work of great esteem being an Ocean cut out of the fairest Marble The Antients thought the Ocean to be Prince of the Waters and Father of all things a Friend to Prometheus And that by means of the humidity and liquidness of the Waters all things seem to generate from Seeds with the assistance of the Heavens therefore they believed that every thing received Life from Water with the favourable friendship of the temperat Genius of the Caelestial Bodies This figure hath the Body covered with a thin vail whereby they would signifie that the Sea shrouds the Heavens with Clouds of its own vapours meaning by the Sea the whole generation of waters and they denote the Earths being covered with plants by the Hairs beard and ordinary skinns beingall figured by the leaves of divers tender Plants It hath two horns placed upon the Forehead First because the Sea provoked by the winds roars like a Bull and secondly because the Sea is governed by the Moons motion which they called Cornuta thirdly because the Sea is called Father of Fountains and Rivers which they figured Cornuti or horned In its right hand is put the Rudder of a Ship in token that the Waters by means of the Ships being guided by these Rudders are furrowed as best likes the Pilot of which Comodity they feigned Prometheus to be the Inventor they have placed it upon a Maritine Monster to demonstrate that the Sea is generator of many wonderfull Monsters One of which to the purpose is seen in Rome in the Antique marble sphere of Atlas placed among the celestial signes upon this very occasion T is said that Andromada contending for beauty with the Nymphs of the Sea being overcome was by them given to this Monster which devoured her out of whose body slain on the shore of Perseus who would have saved that Virgin there issued so much blood that it dyed the Sea red whence that Sea was afterwards called Citreo or the Red Sea for all which the Citreo is not that gulfe which is vulgarly called the red Sea but is that part of the Ocean affianced to the Gulph which washes Arabia on the South but now to our relation of Rome The first and cheif part whereof to be visited through devotion are the 7. principal Churches and then the others in their order wherein are preserved infinite reliques of Saints and some remarkable Ones of the holy Jesus our Lord and Saviour as the the Towel of Santa Veronica with the effigies of Christ the Speer of Longinus wherewith he was run into the Breast One of those Nayls wherewith our Lord was nayled to the Cross. One of those thirty pence which as the price of Treason were given to Iudas the Traitor by the wicked Jews all which you are obliged particularly to search out as exceeding singularities not elsewhere to be found Of ROME the Old and ROME the New and of its admirable Excellencies ROME formerly the Empress of the World cannot be enough praised Her power was so great her Riches so immense her subjects so innumerable her Territories and Dominions so vast That well might Saint Hierome in his three wishes for intermixing that concerning her with so divine things be pardonable which three wishes were To have seen our Saviour in the flesh to have heard Saint Paul preach and to have seen Rome in her Glory which had so spread her self over the whole Earth that a perfect Idea of her cannot be comprehended and must needs have been the happiest sight that mortal eye could attain to But when considered what she was and how since devoured by fire by the insatiable Nero and how pillaged sacked and thousands of mischiefs done her by the Barbarous at the decay of the Roman Empire One may well wonder how the new Rome should be even emulous to exceed the Old Being at this day the Queen of Cities the Flower of Italy and as one may say an Epitome of the whole Earth
She is the Lodging for all Nations The theatre of the best Ingenuities of the World the Habitation of vertue of Empire of dignity of Fortune The Native Countrey of the Laws and of all People derivatively the Fountain of Instruction the Head of Religion the Rule of Justice and finally the Original of infinite blessings although the Hereticks Enemies of the truth will not confess it as this Author is pleased to term those of the Reformed Religion A Better nor more concise description of the glory and destruction of Rome the Old cannot be given than is in these two Verses out of an elegant Poet an English Man Roma fuit quondam Terrae Regina Marisque At nunc nec Terras nec Mare Roma regit The same Poet likewise with noe less elegancy describes the Grandeur and Eminency of Rome the New under the Popes in these two ensuing Verses Roma fuit quondam Terrae Regina Marisque Nunc mare nunc Terras amplius illa regit Rome is scituate in a Countrey sterile enough and is subject to the Sea the Winds and an obscure thick Ayr. The Circumference of Rome when in her greatest splendour was fifty miles but now though not much inferiour comparing her Ecclesiasticks and her immediate possessions with her former Empire she exceeds not thirteen miles in circuit In those days she had twenty eight spatious principal Streets which yet may be traced out and their names with great certainty set down to wit La Via Appia Tiberina Proenestina Quintia Flaminia Tiburtina Cornelia Collatina Solaria Aurelia Latina Nomentana Cimina Valeria Pormense Laurentia Claudia Gallicana Emilia Labicana Campana Setina Ostiense Pretoriana Ardeatina Cassia Ianiculense Trionfale With these were others of name that is to say L'alta Sommita upon the Monte Cavallo now called Quirinale near the Campo Martio Via Lata La Suburra near San Pietro in Vincula La Nova by the Bathes of Antonius La Trionfale near the Porta Vaticana La Vitellia contiguous with San Pietro in Montorio that is at the Gianiculo La Deta in the Campo Martio La Fornicata near to the Flaminia The Antient and Famous Gates of ROME are 15. LA Flaminia called now Porta del Popolo the Gate of the People La Gabiosa now di san Methodio La Collatina now Princiana La Ferentina now Latina La Quirinale now called Agonia La Capena now di san Paolo or Ostiense La Tiburtinâ⦠now shut up La Portuense now Porta Ripa L'Esquilina now di san Lorenza L'Aurelia now di san Paneratio La Nevia now Porta Maggiore La Fontinale now Settimiana La Celimontana now di Sti Giovanni La Vaticana which lyes on the shore of the River Tevere Tyber Moreover the Burroughs have these ensuing Gates which were latelier made than those above named to wit Porte di Castello de Cavalli Leggieri l'Angelica la Pertusa di san Spirito now the Triumfale by which the Countrey Men were not permitted to enter The Hills comprehended within the Walls of Rome are ten viz. Il Capitolino or Tarpeio upon which were standing in the time of Tarquin more than Sixty Temples between great and small with most high Towers t was compassed with a Wall and then called the dwelling of the Gods Il Palatino or Pallazzo Maggiore all hollowed underneaââ¦h This at present is filled with gardens and the ruines of old structures where stood formerly many noble Fabricks as the Pallace of the Emperors the great house of Augustus of Cicero of Hortensiâ⦠and of Cataline but now in lieu thereof is the stately and spatious Garden of the Farnezes L'Aventino now called Santa Sabina upon which was the first dwelling of the Christian Popes Il Celio which rise where now stands the Church Laterinense and Santa Croce of Ierusalem in the place of many signal Temples of the Gentiles and fair Aqueducts L'Esquelino where stands now Saint Pietro in Vincola in the stead of the houses of Virgil of Propertius and the gardens of of Mecenas Il Viminale where stands now in lieu of the old House of Crassus The Churches of Santa Prudentia and of San Lorenzo in Palesperna Il Quirinale now called Monte Cavallo where antiently flourished the Palace and Gardens of Salustius and the Houses of Catullus and Aquilius Which said seven Hills were those antient Hills in Rome whence she was denominated Settigemina Afterwards upon divers occasions these following were added Il Colle de gli hortuli or Pincio called vulgarly di Santa Trinità upon which formerly stood a Temple of the Sun where now is that round Fabrick and deep well Il Vaticano where now stands the Church of Saint Pietro and the Pallace of the Pope Il Gianicolo called Montorio where the Churches of San Onofrio and Saint Pietro di Montorio now stand Il Testaceo which is no other than great heaps of broken pieces of potters Vessels the Street and residence of those Handicrafts Men being there they cast those broken pieces which were of no use into that place which raised this Hill which Hill or heap rather of broken Vessels is near the Porta Ostiense and near it the famous Sepulcher of Cicero CHURCHES IN ROME are above 300. Churches all much frequented but of them seaven are more particularly visited through devotion To wit San Pietro nel Vaticano San Paolo in the Via Ostiense S. Maria maggiore in the Via Esquilina San Sebastiano without the Gate Capena or S. Sebastiano San Giovanni Lateranense in Monte Celio Santa Croce in Hierusalem in Monte Celio San Lorenzo without the Porta Esquilina called San Lorenzo vulgarly These five following Churches are beautifyed with noble Brass Gates San Pietro nel Vaticano Santa Maria Rotonda Santo Adriano antiently the Temple of Saturn Sauti Cosma and Damiane formerly the Temple of Castor and Pollux and San Paolo in the Via Ostiense In Rome are five principle Church yards or Burying places the first of which lies near Saint Agnese the second near Saint Pancratio the third by Saint Sebastiano the fourth by San Lorenzo the fifth by San Priscella besides which and many other smaller burying places of such primitive Christians as were marty red or dyed to this day held in great Veneration there are above twenty even now without the City In it are many Hospitals so well provided that possibly they may be reckoned the most worthy object of the modern Excellencies in Rome whereof some are Common for all Nations and all persons as L'Hospitale di San Spirito in the Vatiââ¦n San Gioanni Laterano in Monte Celio San Giââ¦como di Augusta in Valle Martia Santa Maria dellâ⦠Consolatione in Velabro and Santo Antonio in Fsquiââ¦ino into any of which the infirm of all Countreys with great love and diligence are received governed and taken care of for their perfect ease and cure of their diseases The Hospitals deputed to particular Nations are these The Hospital of Santa Maria dell'Annima for the Germans and Flemings San Lodovico for the
French San Giacomo for the Spaniards San Tomaso for the English San Pietro for the Hungarians Santa Brigida for the Swedes San Giovanni and San Andrea for the Dutch San Giovanni Battista for the Florentines San Giovanni Battista near the Banks of the Tyber for the Genââ¦veses instituted ââ¦nd endowed by Media dusto Cicala besides many houses both for poor and Orfanes of which no particular Catalogue is set down least filling the volume with the less conside rable we leave not space for the more observable things in Rome In the Popes Palace called the Vatican are the Libraries The one contains selected choice books alwaies shut up The other two filled with Latin and Greek Books written by the Pen in parchment are as much open and free to any students for two hours in the day which were furnished by Pope Nicholas the 5th And now there is a new one collected by Pope Sistus the 5th The Inscriptions Pictures and Verses of which were made publique by the judicious Pen of Angelo Rocca Bishop of Tagasta Some other Libraries in Rome are worthy notice to wit that of Santa Maria del Popolo Of Santa Maria soprala Minerva Of Santo Agostino of Vallicola of Saint Andrea and of the Jesuists Colledge besides three others which at the siege and sacking of Rome were robbed or burnt The Popes Gardens where Persons of Quality have free ingress together with the houses and Gardens of the Cardinals and other noble Persons of Rome yeeld ample solace aud recreation to the Lovers of Antiquity by their great varieties in those particulars These Pallaces omitting many others deserve a serious and timely visit to wit that of the Family of the Conservadori nel Campi doglio of the Massini of the Busali of the Rucellai of the Furnesi of the Colonne the Mattei Cevoli and Borghesi together with the Pallace Latterenense royally repaired by Pope Sistus the 5th The City Rome was antiently divided into nineteen Praecincts or Wards whereof at present remain but these 14. de Monti della Colanna del Ponte del Arenula della Rogola della Pigna del Capitello di Transtevere di ..... del Campo Martio di Sant Eustachio di Sant Angelo della Ripa del Borgo The six stones Bridges built over the Tevere or Tyber are these Ponte Molle or Milvio two miles distant from the City without the Porta del ãâã Ponte Angelo or Elio antiently Ponte Gianiculese built by Pope Sistus Ponte Saint Bartolemeo or Costio Ponte Maria Egittiaca or Palatino and Ponte dei quatro Capi formerly called Fabritio when also there was one more called Sublicio whose Pyles are yet to be seen near the Aventine hills and another called Triumfale whose pyles appear at San Spirito The Waters wherewith the City is supplyed are these L'acqua virgine which runs through the Campo Martio the work of Pope Nicholas the 5th l'Alsietina restored by Innocent the 8th for the Vatican La Salonia canducted at the cost of Pius the 4th besides which many others waters were conveyed by Gregory the 13th by others in antient times The Piazzaes in Rome are many but those of most note at this day are La Piazza Vaticana La Navona La Giudea and La Fiore The new Porticues or open Galleries which are the chief are three viz That della Benedittione That in the Vatican Palace fronting the Piazza and the Cerridore towards Belvedere The Piazza or market place for Fish stands now where in former time it was That for the Hoggs Oxen Cows Sheep c. where antiently was the Foro Romano The Bakers have four Piazzaes and conjoyned with them are the Shambles in the Piazza Novaââ¦a every Wednesday is held a great Market The Hills are very little inhabited the ruines of old structure rendring the Ayr so unwholsome as to be only fit for Gardens or Vineyards not dwelling Houses Pope Sistus the 5th caused many fair streets to be drawn by a Line The residing Palace of the Pope stands contiguous with the Church of Saint Pietro wherein are contained many stupendious things as the Chapel of Pope Sistus the Paulina replenisht with the excellent pictures of Michael Angelo Bonarota a Florentine so compleat perfect and exact that t were the glory of this age to find a modern Painter could approach then in art or Similitude Besides which his Holiness hath Retreats for the Summer as one near San Marco another near Santa Maria Maggiore a third near the Fontana de Trevi but the most favoured and therefore most ordinary retirement is Monte Cavallo heretofore called Quirinale The Palaces of the Cardinals are disperst up and down the City as aforesaid The houses of the Citizens are not despicable either in Structure Antiquities Pictures and other noble Houshouldstuff or Fountains The Castle Saint Angelo or Mole d'Adriano is a fair strong Cittadel alwaies furnished with all warlike provisions Herein they solemââ¦ize great Feasts and Holy dayes three times in the yeer with the discharging of all the great Guns and Fireworks To wit on the Festival day of San Pietro Paolo the second is celebrated annually on the day whereon the immediate Pope is selected to the Pontifical Chair the third on the day the said immediat Pope is crowned The Guard of which Castle is committed to some Person of Quality who is understood to have compleated his Charge and Government at 7 yeers end and is then comonly rewarded with a Cardinals ââ¦ap or some thousands of Crowns The Aqueducts of the old Romans with their conserves for waters were many but that of Acqua Claûdia was composed with so much Art and at so vast expence that but only to repair and restore it to its antient form cost five hundred and sixty Talents besides which there was l'acqua Martia Aless andrina Giulia Augusta Sabbatina Appia Traiana Tepula Alsietina di Mercurio della Virgine del'Aniene the old and Antoniane the new and others together with infinite Baths as le Anliane le Variane le Titiane le Gordiane le Novatiane le Agrippine le Alexandrine le Manliane le Dioclesiane le Deciane those Bathes appropriate to Trajan Philip Adrian Nero Severus Constantine Farnus Domitian and Probus with many others The Piazzaes also in those days were divers a Sla Romana that of the Pistory of Caesar of Nerva of Trajan of Augustus of Salustus of Dioclesian of Enobarbus and the Esquilina wiââ¦h those particularly used for Herbs Beasts Fish Sheep Hoggs Bakers for the Countrey market people and the Transitoria The Triumphal Arches which are most famous follow of Romulus of Claudius of Titus Vespasian of Constantine of Lucius Settimius Severus of Domitian of Trajan of Fabianus of Gordianus of Galienus of Tiberius Theodosius and Camillus The Amphitheatres named were these that of Stafilius Taurus of Claudius and that of Titus Vespasian which was capacious enough for one hundred and fifty thousand persons The Theatres these that of Scaurus Pompejus Marcellus Balbus and Caligula The Circi or
made publick by Bartholomeo Platina Papiro Maxone and others whom we must not read without great circumspection Panuino hath likewise presented to common view all their Images taken by the life Of the Cardinals their times and appurtenances Onofrius Panuinus Alfonso Chiaccone a Spaniard and others have wrote and Theodorus Gallus in Anvers engraved the Images and Elogies of twelve Cardinals Of the seaven Churches of ROME which are most visited and more richly fraught with Indulgencies and Priviledges than the Rest. THE Moddel of the Temples of Rome vary according to the different times and humours of Men sometimes building them Round without Collumnes without traversing and without Casements leaving in the Covering an open hole or Cupola for the light to enter in at Of this sort is the Rotonda of Rome a Church worthy consideration for the Architecture Which some times our Ancestors made in an Orbicular forme but with rowes of Pillars diversly placed as is San Stefano in Monte Celio heretofore the Temple of Iuno and that of Costanza or Constantina in the Via nomentina without the Porta Viminale which t is thought was antiently the Temple of Baââ¦chus Sometimes they used to build their Temples Square with one or two Bankes or Pillars as now appear S. Giovanni Lateranense in Monte Celiv San Paolo in the Via Ostiense Sant Agnese without the Walls And other times they formed them by entressing or joyning the Pillars together at Top near to which just under the Roof they fixed their little Casements wch were more or less according to the proportion of the Structure of which Sort are many in Rome with stately Frontispieces some of them being adorned with Columns of pretious and divers coloured Marble and many others whose Pavement are wrought in figures with little pieces of Marble alla Moisaca The First of the Seaven principal Churches of ROME called Santa Crose in HIERUSALEM THis Church is the first and chief in devotion seated in Monte Celio nobly built by Helena Mother of the Emperour Constantine the Great In it are 20. Collumnes and two fair tombs of black red and white Marble the covering of the High Altar is sustained by 4 Marble Pillars One inscription there to be read shewes that the ground or earth the Foundation or Floor thereof is the true holy Earth brought from Ierusalem T is believed this was the Asylum or Sanctuary in the life time of Romulus and that Tullius Hostilius afterwards enlarged the City to the said Asylum T is observable that in the same place where Impunity for evil works was afforded to Malefactors under the first Founders of Rome under the ChristiReligion Our Lord God is pleased to grant remission of our Sins In this Church is the Tombe of Pope Benedict the 7th with an Epitaph in verse and of Francesco Quigone a famous Sculptor More of this Church will be spoken in the second dayes Journey The Second Church of the Sainto FABIANO and SEBASTIANO THis Church stands in the Via Appia built with plain work in a long form the pavement Marble contiguous with a fair Monastery now deserted Herein were at first reposed the Bodies of St. Peter and St. Paul The High Altar is sustained with four Marble Pillars and is raised with Stone as are most Altars in Rome Under an Iron grate lyes the Body of St. Stephen the Pope a Martyr and of 46. other blessed Popes with the Reliques of above 74 thousand Martyrs And for that this Church is so far distant The Pope grants that instead of visiting it in the extream hot weather The People should repair to Santa Maria del Popolo for their Indulgencies Of this Church more will be said in the voyage of the second day to the Via Appââ¦a And of Santa Maria del Popolo in the Catalogue of Churches The third Church named San GIOVANNI del LATERANO THis may be called the Chief amongst the seaven principal Churches having been formerly the Abode of the Popes in Monte Celio and Sixtus the 5th though in vain reedified that Pontifical Palace even from the very foundations wherein was frequently celebrated the famous synod called Synodo Lateranenze in Rome The Roman Emperours used to receive the golden Crown in this Church It s pavement is wrought with lovely Marble and Its Roof richly carved and guilt It hath many Reliques of Saints as the heads of St. Peter and St. Paul the Vest of St. Stephen bloudy and corne by those Stones cast at him and divers other things worthy veneration Of which the Bulls of Pope Sixtus quartus and of Pope Gregory cutt in Marble affirm the Veritie This Church was repaired in many places by Nicholas the 4th in the yeer 1291 the testimony whereof yet remains in the Front T is reported That its Collumnes were transported by Vespatian from Ierusalem to Rome This is one of the five Patriarchal Churches The Baptistary is conjoyned to the said Church wherein Constantine the Emperour was baptized by the Pope St. Sylvester Into one of the Chappels whereof dedicated to St. Iohn Baptist no Woman is permitted to enter under pain of Excomunication in memorial that One Woman was cause of the death of St. Iohn Baptist who first published Baptism The Collumnes of Porphyr therein standing being rubbed with ones hand smell as sweet as any Violet they were brought from Pilates House together with one of its Gates and the Collumne whereon the Cock stood who by his thrice crowing put St. Peter in mind of the words of our Saviour In Saint Iohn they preserved the Ark of the old Testament the Rod of Aaron the Ladder brought from the Palace of Pilate whereto Christ was bound when whipt with rods the drops of whose blood yet appear on it The stone whereon the Iews cast lots with other notable things particularly treated on by the Authors aforenamed These things are publickly shewed to Pilgrims the Epitaphs of Pope Sylvester the second and of Antonio Cardinale Porthogese are legible in verse as also of Lorenzo Valle a Canon of this Church who deceased 50 yeers old in Anno. 1465. In whose commendation this Elogy was sett up Laurens Valla jacet Romanae gloria linguae Primus eniâ⦠docuit quâ decet arte loqui Here is the Porta Santa which at the beginning of the yeer of Jubilee the Popes use to set open In the Voyage of the second day other things will be mentioned of this Church The third Church named SAN LORENZO without the PORTA ESQUILINA THis large Church is sustained by 36 Marble Pillars and connexed with it is the Monastery of the Canon Regulars of St. Austin which is called di san Salvadore Here is one of those places under ground as St. Sebastiano wherein are layed many of the bones of Martyrs brought from the Cemeterio Ciriaco and here are the Reliques of San Lorenzo among which is the stone whereon that blessed St. being taken off the Gridiron was placed and expired which stone is covered with an Iron Grate
On the left side of the high Altar stands the Tombe of Eustachius Nephew of Pope Innocent the 4th whereon are carved some fair statues as 't were actually endeavouring to bring a Lambe to the Sacrifice This was one of the five Patriarchal Churches and will be farther spoken of in the Voyage of the second day The Fifth of the principal Churches called SANTA MARIA MAGGIORE nel MONTE ESQUILINO THis in respect of the other Churches is small but polite 312. foot long and 112. broad Its pavement is wrought with Figures in Mosaick work and the Roof guilt In it is one Altar of Porphyr and a Tomb of Porphyr wherein lies Giovanni Patricio who built this Church In a Vault under ground is kept the Crib or Manger wherein our Saviour was layed at his Birth often visited with Masââ¦es and Prayers for which end Sixtus quintus there built a glorious Chappel deputing to it Clerkes who ought there continually to attend for divine Worship Here are engraven the works of Pope Pius the 5th for the service propagation of the Christian Religion in perpetual remembrance of so good a Pastor whose Body he ordered also should be put in ââ¦n honourable Tombe on the one side and his own to be placed on the other side when it should please the Lord to call him to himself On the right side of the high Altar lies the body of Pope Nicholas the 4th near whose Tomb stands an Image of the blessed Virgin painted by Saint Luke Here also is the Sepulchre of San Girolame And here ly buried Alberto and Giovanni Normando Platina who wrote compleatly the lives of the Popes Lucco Gaurico a famous Mathematician and Bishop of Cività Francesco Toledo a Jesuitâ⦠Zforseschi da Santa Fiora and i Cesis three Cardinals Upon the Pillars are some antient Pictures of such as undertook the Argument for the Catholick Faith against the Hereticks who condemned images when that point was disputed in the Councel Before this Church Sixtus Quintus reared an Obelisk which is the least of the four in Rome and is without Hieroglypââ¦ick notes as that before Saint Giovanni Laterano hath On the back part of this Church is erected a Marble Collumn not so great as neat in memory of the Absolution which Henry fourth King of France and Navarre obtayned from Clement the eighth in Ann. 1593. This was one of the five Patriarchall Churches and will be further treated of in the third dayes Journey The Sixth of the Principal Churches called SAN PAOLO NELLA VIA OSTIENSE THis is the fairest and biggest Church of Rome being 120 paces long and 85 broad built by Constantine the great sustained as may be said by a Grove of stately Pillars T is paved with Marble Many Inscriptions are there placed and published by orhers One most remarkable is this P. P. P. R. R. R. S. S. S. F. F. F. The Venerable Bede being at that time most learned was consulted and desired to resolve the signification of those Letters which he thus explained Pater Patriae Perfectus Regnum Romae Ruit Secum Sublatâ Sapientiâ Ferro Flamma Fame The High Altar is supported by four Porphyr Pillars exposeing to publique view the Image on the Crucifix which spake to St. Brigide while she prayed as the Inscription declares and the Bull verifies Here also are stupendiously expressed in Mosaick work the Imagea of Christ of Saint Peter Saint Paul and Saint Andrew so lively that words seem to issue out of their mouths together with all the Instruments of the Passion and death of our Saviour This Church was nobly restored and beautified by Clement the 8th an excellent Pope In the Brasen gates are figured divers holy histories Greek and Latin From the inscriptions t is gathered that these gates were placed there by Pantaleon Consul in the time of Alexander the 4th This was one of the five Patriarchal Churches In it are the Sepultures of some Popes as of Giovanni who dyed in anno 1472. and Pietro Leone and the memorials of Iulius the third Gregory the 13th and Clement the 8th who opened the Porta Santae in the yeer of Jubile This Church is at present governed by the Fryers of the Order of St. Benedict Here is the Chappel of St. Paul in good part restored by Alexandro Farnese a Cardinal in anno 1582. In the Vestry are many Reliques of Saints the Collumnes whereon St. Paul was decapitated and a stone wch they usually fastened to the Feet of the Martyrs for their greater torment In the Chapel of Porta Celi are the reliques of 2203 Persons martyred by Nero. whence at a small distance is the Tre Fontane or three Fountains the place of Saint Pauls Martyrdome fully restored and beautifyed by Clement the 8th whose head being cut off took three leaps and at each Leap a spring arose and still runs with clear waters The Seaventh of the Principal Churches of ROME called S. PIETRO in VATICANO FOR Beauty sumptuousness Artifice and Worth not only Rome but the whole world yeelds this meritoriously a precedency to all other Churches especially in that part built in later times to which Sixtus the 5th added a noble Cupolo wherein are figured the Celestial Hierarchy in pieces of Mosaick that the beholders believe them painted And Gregory the 13th as glorious a Chappel in honour of Saint Gregorie Nazianzene wherein he was buried Without doubt it is the most perfect model of decent Magnificence in the World there being an answerable uniformity within and without And may justly be compared if not said to surpass the Temple of Diana in Ephesus formerly accounted one of the seaven wonders of the world burnt by Herostratus who by that horrid Act sought rather to perpetuate his name than to ly unremembred in his Grave The Old Church had 24 collumnes of so various coloured Marble as are not matchable which were taken from the adjacent Sepulchre of Adrian the Emperour who was most exquisite in all his works Those other Pillars in the Chappel of the holy Sacrament and those that support the Volto Santo that is the Towel of Veronica with some others were transported from Ierusalem into Italy by Titus Vespasianus and taken out of the Temple and Palace of Solomon after that the Iews were wholly overcome and their said City destroyed The top is all of squares Levati as they call it like the Pantheon in the Center of the Church stands the great Altar all of solid Brass in such stupendious pillars that each weighs 25000. pound and is of so incomparable workemanship that no Cathedral but St. Peters is fit to entertain it Herein is the Sepulchre of the Emperour Otho the second buried in anno 1486. in porphirie A greater porphyre stone then this Italy affords nor except that of Santa Maria Rotonda the Sepulture of Theodorick King of the Ostrogothes This was one of the five Patriarchal Churches and the old part was built by the Emperour Constantine the great who caused it
be sustained by Pillars But Pope Iulius the second ân anno 1507 was the Founder of the new part himself laying the first stone of the foundation with his own hands in the presence of thirty five Cardinals Bramante of Urbin was the Inventor of the Model which Michael Angelo Bonarota the Florentine afterwards added to and corrected Antonio Fiorentino by order of Eugenius the 4th made the gate of Brass with the figures of Christ the blessed Virgine of Saint Peter and St Paul In the holy week every yeer they shew here the Visage of Christ called Volto Santo impressed on the Towel of Veronica There is one Figure of the Virgine Mary holding Christ dead in her lap the work of Michael Angelo whose also is that most excellent Picture of universal Judgment placed in the Popes Chappel On the Eastern part of the Church hangs the Pinnace of St. Peter in Mosaick work by Giotto Fiorentino In the Chorus stands the Tombe of Pope Sixtus the fourth all of Brass and on the top lies his Figure represented sleeping with Vertue on both sides and round it the Sciences that is Theologie Philosophy and the liberal arts with his Inscription The work of Antonius Palladius in anno 1482. Herein also besides those of the first Martyrs Lyno Cleto and others are the graves and Tombs of many Popes to wit of Innocent the 8th in Brass of Pius the 2d a Siennois Pius the 3 Son of a Sister of Pius the 2 Of Marcellus the 2 who lived in the Pontificacy but 22. dayes Iulius the third all without Inscriptions These following have all Epitaphs in verse As Nicolas the 5th Eugenius the 4th Urban the 6th Adrian the 1st Gregory the 4th and 5th Boniface the 8th Paul the 3d. whose Brass Tomb stands in the new part Innocent the 4th Urban the 7th Gregory the 13th and 14th and also Balbo the most learned in the Greek and Cardinal dalla Porta Who desires more ample satisfaction in the particulars of the 7 principal Churches of Rome shall find it in the diligent writings of Onofrius Panuinus and Attilius Serranus in the Latin tongue and of Pompeio Ugonio in the Italian Let this compendious description content the curious in this study here who for more light are referred to the Authors above named Now le ts pass to the other Churches and memorable places A Catalogue of the Churches of ROMF set down Alphabetically with the Epitaphs most worthy noting therein extant SAnto Adriano in tribus Foris was a Temple first dedicated to Saturn in foro Romano then to Nerva the Emperour and lastly to St. Adrian when Cardinal Gio Bellaio repaired it Santo Agapeto near San Lorenzo Santa Agata a Church of the Gothes under tââ Viminale Here stand the Figures of Diana and of Peace to whom t is believed t was dedicated Before the Gate are figured certain Children with the pretexta on which was a Gown edged about with purple silk that the Noble mens Children of Rome wore till of the age of seaven yeers who sit on seats as if at School In it likewise is the Tomb of Giovanni Lascaro with two Greek Epitaphs Santa Agnese in the Borgo de Parione or the Vianomentana a Church built with stately stones beautifyed with 26 marble Collumnes and a descent of 32 steps Near it stood formerly a Monastery now fallen to the ground first deserted for the intemperate Ayr. In it was layed the body of St. Agnese anno 114â⦠It s Porticue was built by Cardinal Iulius Nephew of Sixtus the 4th Nââ¦r this stands a Church dedicated by Alexander the 4th S. Costanza Daughter of Constantine the Emperour Which was formerly dedicated to Bacchus as is collected from a Porphyr Tomb yet remaining there upon which are carved certain Children treading of grapes It s form is round It hath 24 Marble Pillars and is politely wrought alla Mosaica Sant ' Alberto nell'Esquillie Sant ' Alessio nell'Aventino formerly the Temple of Hercules a Conquerour In this Church is preserved the pair of Staierâ⦠under which in his Fathers house that Saint lived unknown for some time ââ¦n it likewise Vicenza Cardinal Gonzaga lies buried Sant ' Ambrosio of Masina in Rome or the high street of Sant ' Angelo and another of the same in Campo Martio Sant ' Anastasia at the foot of Mount Palatine in the Street Harenu la This was a Temple of Equestrian Neptune whom they also styled Conscio for that they believed him a God knowing of secrets Santo Anastasio in the street Aââ¦deatine near to Tre Fontana the three Fountains Santo Andrea della colonna in the street Trevio de Ania near the Palace of the Savelli Dalla Tavenula between the hills Celio and Esquilino Delle Fratte dalle Barche on the Banks of the Tyber De gli Orsi in the Harenula In Montucna at the foot of the Capitolino In Nazareno in the Harenula In Paliura in the Palatino In Portogallo In Statera at the Foot of the Capitolino In Transtevere in the Vaticano in Piazzo Siena which hath a rich Chapel of the Rusellai Santo Angelo nel Foro Bovare in the Fish market heretofore a Temple of Mercury in Dioclesians hott Baths was dedicated by Pius the 4th to the blessed Virgin and the Angels near it is a Cloyster for the Carthusian Fryers supported by 100. Pillars In it lies buried the said Pius the 4th Bocca Scorbellone Francesco Alciato and Simonetto Cardinal S. Angelo of Mozarella nel Monte Giordano Santa Anna in the Flaminian Circe and under the Viminale Sant ' Antonio in Portogallo-Di Padoââ¦a in the Valle Martia Nel Esquilino where at the festival of Saint Anthony they drive all their Beasts and Sheep up near to the Altar that they may afterwards be protected against the danger of Diseases and Wolves Near to it stands the Hospital restored by Pius the 4th a Millanese Santo Apollinare formerly the Temple of Apollo Iulius the third joyned to it the Colledge of the Germans Near it stood the house of Mark Antony the triumvir Li santi Apostoli XII in Trivio here reside the Fryers Conventuals of Saint Francis The Inscription on a Marble stone assures us t was built by Constantine the Great afterwards ruined by the Hereticks and then restored by Pelagius and Giovanni the Popes Wherein are the Graves and Tombs of the great Cardinal Niceno Bessarione the Tusculan Bishop and Constantinopolitan Patriark Of Cardinal Pietro Savonese Of Bartolomeo Cameriero Beneventano the Divine aud Lawyer Of Cornelius Mussus Bishop of Bittonto the Prince of Preachers Li Santi Apostoli XII in the Vatican Santo Augustino in Campo Martio a convent of the Austin Fryers Herein lies the body of Santa Monica the Mother of Saint Austin a Father and Doctor of the Church with these Verses Hic Augustini sanctam venerare parentem Votaque fer tumulo quo jacet illa sacro Quo quondam grato toti nunc Monica mundo Succurrat precibus prestet opemque suis. This Saint Austin was
Bishop of Hippo in Alexandria a man of a most profound wit and learning and of a most holy and religious life And these Austine Fryers observe his institutes of life living in comon serving God day and night and are tyed by the vows of poverty Chastity and Obedience The Cardinals Burdegalense and Verallo ly buried in this Church Santa Bibiana in Monte Aventino Here stood the Baths of Anthony and the Palace of Licinius Santa Barbara in the high Street Pigna was formerly a Temple of Venus in the Pompeyan Theatre San Bartââ¦lomeo of the Island in Transtevere was heretofore a Temple of Iupiter or as some say of AEsculapius Now is there a Convent of Francââ¦scans called Zoccolanti from their going on wooden pattons and an ancient Inââ¦cription in stone to the God Semone Sanco here also lyes the body of Saint Bartholomew San Basilio in the Foro di Nerva San Benedetto in the Piazza Catinara and in the Piazza Madama San Bernardo near the Pillar and Baths of Trajan the Emperour San Biagio in the Campo Martio della Tinta on the Bank of Tiber. Here stood the Temple of Neptune wherein such as were delivered from Shipwrack used to hang up a Tablet with the story of their danger and manner of deliverance painted and described in it Dell Anello in the Road Pigna della Fossa as you come from the Esquilino delle Coltre in the Campitello Santa Bibiana in the Esquilie San Bonifacio in Aventino at present called Santâ⦠Alessio Santa Brigide in the Street Harenula Santa Cecilia in Transtevere for Nuns In this Church is the body of this holy Virgin with many other bodies of Saints honoured with great devotion and translated from Campo Martio by Cardinal Paulo Emilio Sfondrato Nephew of Gregory the 14th San Cesario in the Road di Ripa excellently repaired by Pope Clement the 8th La Chiesa de'Cartusiani or Carthusians which is called Santa Maria delli Angeli Santa Catharina in-the Flaminian Circ now delli Funari della Rotâ⦠and il Borgo Novo San Celso near the Bridge Castello in Banchi San Crisogonio in Transtevere wherein stands the Tomb and Epitaph of Girolamo Alexandro a most learned Doctor and of David Uviliano or Evelyn an English Oratour Santo Clemente in Monte Celio here lies the body of Pope Clement the Martyr conveighed to Rome from Chersona a City of Pontus as as also of Cardinal Vincenso Laureo Santa Costanza in the Street Nomentana This is conjectured to have been a Temple of Bacchus for a Monument yet appearing of Porphyr stone Santi Cosino and Damiano in the Via sacra so called for that the South-sayers used to pass that way This was formerly the Temple of Romulus and Remus In it are the Tombs of Crescentius and Grudone Pisano with the Epitaphs in verse San Cosmo under the Gianicolo Antiently the Temple dedicated to Fortune Santa Elizabetta in Parione Santa Enfemia in Esquilie Santo Eustachio near the Rotonda was formerly a Temple of the good .... San Francesco at the Foot of Gianicolo Herein is the sepulchre of Pandolfus Count of Anguillarie who when 100. yeers old became a Franciscan Fryer San Gregorio in Velabro San Gregorio at the head of the Ponte fabritio and in Monte Celio formerly a Monastery of the Germans and Flemings but now of Fryers Here stood antiently the house of San Gregory the first Pope and here they yet shew the Table whereat he dayly sed a great number of poor Persons as in his life wrote by Giovani Diacone is set forth here lies Cardinal Lomelino a Genovese Many Epitaphs of Florentines are here set up and of Edoardo Carno and Roberto Veramo two English Knights both Lawyers who being driven out of their Countrey for defending the Catholick Religion came to Rome to finish their days in the peace of the Lord As also of Antonio Valle of Barcellona And of one Statius a Poet who wrote with Virgil as may be collected from this Epitaph Statius hîc Situs est juvenem quem Cipris Ademit Praecocem AEneae carmine quòd premeret Statio Statio F. Dulciss Christophora M. Pientiss P. Vixit Ann. XXXIII San Girolamo near the Corte Savella here the Oratorians a Religious Order instituted with great piety by Saint Philippus Nerius a Florentine Priest in the last age who from this Oratory of St. Hierome took their name for that it was the place frequented by them for their exercises of Catechising and preaching whose number is greatly increased by his Disciples San Giacomo in Circo Flaminio This is an Hospital for Spaniards divers Epitaphs of which Nation are there inscribed with the memorials of Bartolomeo Cuevio the Cardinal and of Bernardino Bishop of Cordona In it is the Pourtray of Pietro Ciocconio a Priest of Toledo who had most happy success to his labour in amending the Books of holy and prophane writers Degli incurabili Scossa cavallo San Giovanni Battista in Monte Celio San Giovanni Evangelista before the Porta Latina in Monte Celio formerly a Temple of Diana San Giovanni Colivita in the Isola supposed an antient Temple of AEsculapius Nel Fonte in Monte Celio Nel Laterano one of the seaven principal Churches before spoken of In Dola upon Monte CelioNell'Oglio before the Porta latina Del Mercatello al Campi doglio De Malna in Transtavere Della Pigna in the high Street Pigna San Giovanni Paulo nel Monto Celio with two Lyons before the Door The one holding a Boy between his Teeth and the other a Man in it is one Sepulchre of porphyr stone Here antiently was the Curia Hostilia San Gioseffo in the street Pigna San Giuliano in the Esquilino Sant'Iuo in the Campo Martio appertaining to the Biertoni San Lorenzo near a Fish Market Nel Viminale Nel Gianicolo antiently a Temple of Iuno Lucina here lyes Cardinal Francesco Gonzaga In Fonte nella Valle Esquilina In Miranda in the Foro Romano In Palispirna on the hill Viminale wherein is inscribed an Epitaph of Cardinal Guglielmo Sirleto the most quaint in the Greek language here stood the Palace of Decius the Emperour In Damaso in the Pigna where are exposed the Epitaphs of Annibal Caro the most elegant in the Tuscan language Of Giacomo Fabia of Parma Of Pietro Marsa Of Giulio Sadoleto Girolamo Ferraro and other illustrious men To this Fabrick were brought the Marbles sculptures and other ornaments of the Arco Gordiano San Leonardo in Carine In Olfeo In Septi solio In Esquilino and S. Leonardo Vecchio among the obscure shops on the bankes of the Tyber in the Longara Santa Lucia in the Palace heretofore the Temple of Apollo Palââ¦tino Nelle Botteghe obscure In old time the Temple of Hercules and of the Muses San Lodovico near Novanna the Church of the French Nation adorned with the Epitaphs of the most Noble Persons of France Santa Maria Egittiaca formerly the Temple of Fortuna virilis wherein as is supposed then stood the Bucca Veritatis a marble statue set up by the
place for that they seigned their Gods would not give place to one another Thermes refusing it to Iupiter Now this Church is consecrated to the blessed Virgin and all the Saints T is a most noble Fabrick built by Vespatiaââ¦s Agrippa who was three times Consul as by the Inscription appears This by the most skilfull Artizans in Architecture and chiefly by Lodovicus Domontiorius in his book intitled Gallus Hospes in Urbe is held for an Idea Example and Pattern of true Architecture T is of a cross figure as broad as high the Roof was formerly covered with Sylver plates but Constantine the Nephew of Heraclius took them with the other ornaments of the City away instead whereof Martin the 7th overlayed it with Lead It hath but one window which is at the very top and admits as much light as is necessary in antient time it had 7 steps of Ascent into it now it hath eleven of descent a good argument to what heighth this City is raised by its ruines It s noble Porticue is sustained by four great pillars with beams and Gates of Brass The Great Altar is opposite to the Door On the wall appears the head of the Mother of God The ascent to the Top is by 100 steps Before the Church stands a great Vessel of Numidian Marble square at top but bellyed like a Bee-hive Near which were two Lyons with AEgyptian Letters and a round Vessel of the same Marble In it is the subsequent Epitaph of Tadeo Zaccaro a Pointer contemporary with Raphael d Urbino the Prince of the Painters of later Ages who we formerly said lyes buried in Santa Maria sopra Minerva Magna quod in magno timuit Raphââ¦ele per-aeque Thadaeo in magno pertimuit genitrix Santa Maria Scala Caeli without the Porta Ostiense where 10000 Persons were Martyred t is called Scala Caeli because St. Bernard there praying for the Souls of the dead had an appearance of a Ladder from the Earth to heaven upon which he saw some Souls ascend into Paradise Del Sole under Monte Tarpeio della Strada near the Portico Corinthio and the Campidoglio now denominated Del nome di Giesu A noble Church built by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese for the Jesuits wherein himself is interred In Transtevere Here in the time of Angustus gushed out in a common Inn a spring or source of Oyl which continued running for one whole day presaging that a short time after Christ the source and fountain of Mercy should be born Here was a Church built in honour of the Virgin Mary by St. Peter which by succeeding High Bishops was adorned with excellent Pictures and enriched divers times with gold and silver and encreased in bigness to what it now appears In it are the Sepulchres of Stanislao Bishop of Varma who was that Polack Cardinal Praefect of the Tridentine Councel and the scourge of the Hereticks Of Cardinal Campeggio and Altemps a man of great Dispatch Transportina in Borgo in old time the Temple of Adrian the Emperour wherein St. Peter and St Paul were scourged In Via Lata the Church of the Fathers Servients where under ground many Trophees and Triumphal Images have been found In it lyes buried Cardinal Vitellotio Vitelli Here St. Luke wrote the Acts of the Apostles Acta Apostolorum and this was the place where St. Paul prayed Del Trivio which Church was restored by Belisarius great Captain for Iustinian the Emperour as appears by an inscription on a stone here lyes Luigi Cornaro and others it appertains to the Padri Croicchieri the crutched Fryers Santa Maria in Vinea in the descent from Monte Tarpeio In Via delle Virgini amplifyed by Pietro Donato a Cardinal therein enterred where also San Philippo Nerio accounted one of the Saints of Pope Gregory the 15 his Family setled his order of Oratories which was a true School for well living Santa Maria Magdalena in the stree Colonna Between the Hill Santa Trinita and the Tyber Nel Quirinale where is a Monastery of Nuns governed by the Predicatory instituted by Maddalena Orsina San Mauro in the midst of the Jesuits Colledge Near this Church is an Obelisk which though small appears glorious through the Hierogliphicks carved on it here lies Pietro Giglio a great Schollar who dyed anno 1555 whose Tombe Georgio Cardinal of Armignac caused to be built as to his familiar friend San Marcello nella Via Lata was a Temple of Isis in it are the Fryers Servients in it are buried the Cardinals Mercurio Dandino and Bonuccio San Marco wherein lies Francesco Pisani a Venetian Cardinal San Martino of the Carmelites in Monte Esquilino where Cardinal Diomede Caraffa is buried Santa Martina in the Foro Romano antiently a Temple of Mars Ultor Santa Margarita at the Foot of the Esquilino San Matteo in Esquilino possessed now by the Austin Fryers but formerly by the crutched Fryers which Church is supposed to be the house of their first Founder Saint Cletus the first Pope for that t is seated in the Borgo Patritio where he was born which having consecrated he gave to his Disciples and Children for the service of God San Michael in Borgo Santi Nereo Archielo near the Baths of Antonius formerly a Temple of Isis in the Via Appia San Nicolo in Agone In Archemoni Acapole Cose Degli Arcioni In Carcere a Ripa formerly the publique prison In Calcaria near which was the Portico Corinthio Sant ' Onofrio in Gianicolo where lyes Cardinal Madruccio who dyed the day of his creation Cardinal Lodovico Madruzzi Nephew of the first Cardinal Sega a Bolonian and Tasso the excellent Poet San Pancratio in Gianicolo wherein is a Pulpit of neat fair porphyr underneath it are Grottos filled with the bodies of Martyrs Herein lies Cardinal Dersonese and near it was slain Bourbon the enemy of God San Pantaleone in Sebucca formerly a Temple dedicated to the Goddess Tellus and to Pasquinus San'Paolo in Regola in the street Harenula San Pietro Marcellino heretofore the Temple of Quietas San Pietro in carcere This was the Tulliane prison whereof Salust makes mention in Catalines conspiracy Diodate in the Via Piamense Montorio in the Gianicolo A fair Church and well adorned wherein is the fair Chapel of Bradamante endowed by Ferdinand King of Spain near it stands a Convent of Observants of Saint Francis Order of this society died anno 1597 Fryer Angelo a learned Spaniard who wrote a great Volume upon the Symbol or Creed of the twelve Apostles In it are several pieces of Raphael d'Urbino and Sebastiano Venetiano two famous Painters and several Tombs San Pietro Domine quo vadis in the Via appia Rotonda this Church was so called because Saint Peter flying persecution Christ appeared to him of whom Saint Peter demanded whither he was going in these words Domine quo vadis to whom Christ answered I am going to Rome that I may there be once more crucified from which words St. Peter took courage and
returned to Rome where he was afterwards crucified and his head set on high S. Pietro in vincula where the Chains wherewith Saint Peter was bound in Ierusalem and in Rome are sanctimoniously preserved as also the Bodies of the Maccabei and a part of the Cross of Sant Andrea whose head is kept iâ⦠San Pietro in the Vatican being sent by an Emperour of Constantinople to the Pope and the rest of his Body is in the Kingdom of Naples This Church hath one stupendious Altar and brasen Doors wherein the passions of Saint Peter are excellently represented Under the Sepulchre of Pope Giulio the second lies a most fair statue of Moyses the Captain of the Hebrews the workmanship of Michael Angelo of Florence Many other memorable things are shewed in this Church In the Convent is a Palme tree which alone in Rome produceth seasonable and ripe Fruit Here lies buried the Cardinals Nicolo Cusano Sadoleto and Rovero the walls present some inscriptions of the old Gentiles Some other things will be related of this Church in the third dayes Journey San Peregrina alla porta pertura whence that Burge takes name Santa Prossede in the Esquilino built by Pope Pasquale the 1st wherein stands the Pillar to which our Saviour was bound when scourged conveighed from the Eastern parts by Cardinal Giovanni Colonna and here Saint Peter dwelt At the Altar are six Pillars of Porphyr and two of black Marble with white spots In it are many bodies of Saints reposed and in the midst is a hollow with a grate over it wherein Prascede squeazed the blood of the Martyrs which he had sucked up with spunges in divers places About 400. yeers agoe the Monks of Valle Umbrosa resided here Santa Prisca in Monte Aventino antiently a Temple dedicated to Hercules Santa Prudentiana in the Viminale here they shew that stone upon which the bloudy Host appeared while a Priest misdoubted the holy Sacrament at the Altar This is the most antient Church of Rome and said to be the place where Saint Peter celebrated Mass here ly the bodies of 3000. Martyrs and a venerable Vessel for their bloodThe penitentiary Dominicans inhabite there and the Monks of Saint Bernard Cardinal Gaetano a noble Roman who built a stately Chapel in it and Cardinal Radzivil Limaââ¦o a good patriot of the Catholick Religion though born of Heretick parents ly buried there Santi Quaranta Martini commended by Saint Bassilia in a sermon Santi Quatro Coronati in Monte Celio Santi Quirico Giulita in the Suburbs San Rocco nella Martia S. Rufina beyond the Tyber and at Saint Giovaâ⦠Laterano Santa Sabina in Monte Aventino the first Residence of the Popes is now of the Dominican Fryers here they shew the stone which the Devil in vain cast at Saint Dominick with intention to kill him before the Door of this Church stands the greatest Urn of one stone in Rome Here they keep the Reliques of Pope Alexander of Quentius and Theodulus the Martyrs Of Sabina and Seroffia the Virgin all Martyred under Adrian the Emperour anno Christi 133 and here layed up by Eugenius the 4th anno 822. who is likewise enterred here with an Epitaph in heroick verse as are the Cardinals Bartano and Tiano Here grows yet a Pomgranat tree planted by Saint Dominick with the assistance of San Giacinto which the Romans through devotion despoil of all Leaves and Fruit the first day of Lent the Pope and Prelates coveting of its Leaves which they wear Here Saint Dominick gave the first Rise to his Order and vested San Giacinto in his Religious Order and habite where he had many Visions of Angels Santo Sabba Abbate in Aventino where ariseth a stately great Sepulchre believed to be of Titus Vespasian San Salvadore del Campo in the Strada Giulia Di Laurane in Monte Melie Di Copelle in the Precinct Colonna del Lauro near Monte Giordino which belongs to the noble Family Orsini who with the Maltei ly there buried Dal Portico under the Rupe Tarpeia In Massime a Temple first dedicated to Iove Minerva and Iuno ly M. Pulviââ¦ius Statera dedicated to Saturn in the Campi doglio Delle Stufe Della Pietra a Temple of the Goddess Piety in old time De Pedemonte Delle tre Imagini San Spirito in Vaticano beyond Tiber where stands that rich Hospital so worthy consideration where Cardinal Remnano Francesco is enterred San Sebastiano and Fabiano of which is said in the description of the 7 principal Churches San Sergio Bacco in the Campidoglio formerly a Temple of Concord San Simeone in the high street Ponte San Sisto in the Piscina inferna of old Temple of Vertue and Honour Herein Saint Dominick raised a defunct named Napuleone from the dead and wrote many other miracles Here the first Nuns congregated from a general separation over Rome but they were translated into a more salubrious Ayr. It being extream nau seous San Staniflao A Church of the Polanders San Stephano of the Hungariââ¦s Rotondo in Monte Celio formerly a Temple of Faunus but now a Colledge of the Germans round which is drawd the Triumphes of the holy Martyres Nel foro Boario A temple of the Goddess Vesta In Via Giulia In Silice Dell Frullo near the Porticue of Anthony Santa Susanna in Monte Quirinale where stands a fair Brasen Cistern and Vessel filled with holy water San Silvestro in Colonna A Santiquaro Nel Quirinale dedicated by Clement the 7th anno 1524 wherein the Cardinals Rebiba Antonio Caraffa and Francesco Cornaro ly buried Beyond the Tyber near the Arch of Domitian San Tomasa in Monte Celio nel Rione Harenula nella Via Iulia in Parione San Theodoro at the foot of Monte Palatino antiently the Temple of Romulus and Remus or as others say of Pan and Bacchus Santa Trinita de monti built by Lewis the 11th King of France by the Council of Saint Francis appertains to the Minimes who are near all French In it are buried Rodolfo Pio Crasso and Bellay Cardinals Lueretia della Rovere Niece to Giulius the second and Marco Moreto a most eloquent Oratour with this Epitaph Hic Marci caros cineres Roma inclyta servat Quos patria optasset Gallia habere sinu Stat colle hortorum tumulus stat proximus astris Quae propius puro contigit ille animo Tu sacros larices lacrimis asperge Viator Et dic heu lingua hic fulmina fracta jacent Santa Trinita of the English This is a Colledge of English Catholicks whence divers have been transmitted into England who were there martyred by the ut aiunt Hereticks Herein lies Cardinal Allen who took a voluntary banishment from his own Countrey and employed the rest of his days in great Labour and pains in defence of the Catholick Faith San Trisone near Sant Agostino San Valentino in the Circo Flaminio San Vitale in the Quirinale lately repaired and now governed by the Jesuits San Vito nel Riouo del Ponte wherein lyes Carlo Visconte
from the Circo Massimo to Santa Maria Maggiore formerly Consecrated to the Sun The third in the Vineyard of the great Duke of Tuscany filled with Hyerogliphicks t is but small but t is thought stood in the Campo Martio in the time of Tarquine the proud The fourth less than the former was transferred from the Campidoglio by Ciriaco Mattei and stands in the Vineyard of the Mattaei who had it of the gift of the Senat and people of Rome this hath some small Images on the top only the others all over There is another lying in the Via Appia near the Sepulchre of Cecilia Metella broke in 3 several pieces which t is much admired that Pope Sixtus the 5th did not erect as well as the ââ¦est nor is it to be believed but that he would have done it had not death interrupted this and his other designes One other smaller Obelisk stands near the Jesuits Colledge T is admirable that upon all those Hierogls Obelisks the sign of the Cross is figured which might happen either for that the AEgyptians through some mistery honoured the Cross or for that they might have had some relation touching it from their Ancestors and yet without knowing the signification At the time when by the Emperour Theodosius his command all the Idols of AEgypt were destroyed On the Breast of Serapis was found the sign of the Cross whereof the signification being enquired into the Priests skilled in the sacred misteries of the AEgyptians declared that they understood by it the Life to come after death here which could not portend other than the eternal beatitude whereto our Saviour by his death on the Cross opened the way Thus Socrates the writer of the Ecclesiastick Histories in his 5th Book 27th Chap. recounts as also do Russino Georgio Cedreno and Suida in their writings We must observe that the punishment by the Cross in those dayes common to Malefactors was taken away by Constantine the Emperour a true Christian through his Reverence of our Saviours death who in lieu thereof constituted the Gallows as divers Authors relate Which Emperour also prohibited by a severe Law the conculcating any Cross upon the Earth Let thus much serve touching the Obelisks of Rome if the Reader be curious to search into those in Constantinople and other places the discourse whereof is not to our purpose let him peruse the treatises of Michael Mercato Pietro Bellonio and Pietro Gillio upon this subject In Rome also are 3 famous Collumnes one Called Rostrata in the Campidoglio erected by C. Duilio after the Carthaginians were overcome in the Punick War Another of Trajan which Sixtus the fifth dedicated to St Peter and that of Anthony which the same Pope consecrated to Saint Paul in anno 1580. The AQUEDUCTS TIBERIUS Caesar conveighed the Acqua Virgin into the City but the works falling to decay Pope Nicholas the 5. in the yeer of Christ 1554. and the seaventh of his Papacy restored it to its first beauty as by the Inscription at the Fontana di Trevi appears Sixtus the 5th brought the Acqua Felice into the City calling it Felice from his own name before he was advanced to the Pontifical Chair Other Popes have likewise layed and restored other waters for the Citizens conveniency and delight A Guide or Direction for the most convenient view of the Antiquities of ROME WE will begin from the Vatican chiefly in favour of those who come from Tuscany to Rome entring by the Porta Vaticata near the Castle Saint Angelo Here ly the Meadowes and fields of Quintius or as others say of Pincius at this day called Prata a lovely and pleasant place whither the youth usually resort for Recreation The Porta Elia called vulgarly di Castello leads to Adrians Mole A vast Pile which he raised for the burying place for himself and the Antonini being large and strong but at present better accomodated than in his time for that the Popes have made it a Fortress for their own retreat and security in time of imminent danger of Enemies to which a long Gallery under Ground leads from the Palace of St. Peter for their more convenient and safe passage Heretofore One Cresentinus made himself Lord of it by force of Arms and of the City also but at present the Popes possess it and cal it Castel St. Angelo from the Marble statue of an Angel with a sword in his hand sett on the top of it which Alexander the 7th augmented and fortified in ample manner as by the Inscription on the Bridge may be understood In it are kept the three millions of Gold which may not be imployed on any use but defence of the Apostolick state in point of Arms. The Marbles Collumnes and Statues formerly there were conveighed to the Vatican and placed in the Church of Saint Peter and the Papal Palace and nothing of Antiquity left behind but the structure and two heads the one of Adrian the Emperour armed the other of Pallas with some inscriptions on the walls which notwithstanding t is yet most worthy observation Here stands the Ponte or Bridge Elio so called for that Elius Adrianus the Emperour built it for his Sepulchre but at present t is called Ponte di Castello on either side of it stand the statues of the Apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul wrought with excelling Workmanship under Pope Clement the 7th at the time that the Tyber grown beyond its usual limits overflowed to the great devastation of the City and this Bridge in anno 1530. Being upon this Bridge you may see opposite to you the Hospital of Santo Spirito and the Ruines of the triumphal Bridge which was so denominated for that over it were lead the Pompes of Triumphs as the way to the Campidoglio All that part of the Vatican hill between the Bridge and the Palace is now called Borgo but was formerly named la selva because before the time of Pope Alexander the second the Vatican Grove grew there wherein was erected a Pyramide for the Sepulchre of Scipio Affricanus whereof some reliques may yet be seen in that part of the Temple called Paradiso as the great Pyne Apple and Peacok of Brass guilt In the Borgo almost all the Edifices are stately and noble and in particular these following The Palace of the Cardinal of Cesis at the gate of Saint Onofrio whose first Court is full of Statues and inscriptions the particulars whereof are printed and published in it is an Effigies of the Amazon Hippolito infinitely applauded being the workmanship of Michael Angelo the Prince of Sculptors another of Apollo a third of a Sabyn Woman no whit inferiour to that of the Amazon had it Arms proportionable In the garden stands a statue of Bacchus upon a Pedistol A Vessel of Brass with a Faunus a Neptune aââ¦d an Apollo holding a Harp in his hand An Image of Agrippa the Daughter of Marcus Agrippa Another of Iulia the Daughter of Augustus Caesar a Pallas armed and Herma defloured On
Pillars aud receaves the light from the top as doth the Pantheon La Rupe Tarpeia lies on the utmost part of the Campidoglio being a vast proecipice opposite to the Church Santa Maria Egittiaca Manlius Capitolinus being found guilty of an intention to Master Rome and become its Tyrant was at the comand of the Senate praecipitated from this Rock Some say that Ovids house stood among those ruins which are near the Church Santa Maria della Consolatione others that it was in Burgo Georgio near the Porta Carmentale at the Foot of the Capitol where also Valerius Amerinus dwelt and Opis and Saturnus had Temples The Temple of Vesta built by Romulus between the Capitolinum and the Palatinum stood where now is the Church dalle Gratie or dalle Consolatione wherein the Vestal Virgins kept the holy and perpetual Fire and the Palladium with the Domestick houshold Gods brought by AEneas from Troy into Italy but the said Temple being burning the Palladium which was a wooden Image of Pallas with rolling eyes was snatched out of the Fire and translated into Velia where now is Santa Andrea in Palata The Foro Boario took its name either for that there they sold their Bulls or because Evander having received the Bulls of Gerion consecrated that place for perpetual remembrance of that Victory Adjacent to the Temple of Saint George in Velabro stands a fair Arch all of Marble beautified with excellent figures of Sacrifices erected in former times by the Goldsmiths and Merchants in honour of the Emperors Septimius Severus and Marcus Aurelius And contiguous with this Arch stood the Temple of Janus Quadrifrons four squared and in every front a large Gate and 12. Nooks wherein t is believed they set up twelve statues representing 12 Months The Romans sacrificed to Janus as Prince or President of the sacrifices calling him also Vertumnus Many Temples in Rome were dedicated to this God among which that chiefly flourished which Numa built at the Porta Carmentale near the Theatre of Marcellus which had two Gates only and they stood alwaies open in time of warr and shut in times of Peace Historians report these Gates to be three times only lockt up The first by Numa the Founder the second by Titus Manlius the Consul The third by Augustus Caesar when he had wholly overcome M. Antonius Suetonius reports that t was a fourth time shut by Nero which is proved by certain Coynes of the said Emperor yet extant with these words on the one side Pace Populo Romano Ubique Porta Janum Clausit Now this Temple is consecrated to Santa Catherina Il Velabro where stands Santo Georgio in Velabro was so denominated for this cause When the Tyber overflowed and covered the face of the Earth they could not pass into the Aventinum from one bank to the other unless in Boats for their passage wherein they payed a certain piece of money which in Latin signifies a Booth those boats being covered over Santa Maria in Cosmodin is called Schola Graeca perhaps for that in former times t was enjoyed by Greeks They fable that here Saint Augustin taught and that here was another Bucca Veritatis Annexed to this Church towards the Tyber stood a Temple of Hercules Victor the reliques whereof shew its form to have been round t was destroyed by Pope Sixtus the fourth They report that Flyes never entred into this Temple Hercules by Prayer to Myagrum the God of Flyes having obtained this favour for that being about to sacrifice to Jupiter the Flyes molested the sacrifice Nor Doggs Because the same Hercules affixed his Club to the Door of the Temple which so terrified the Doggs it having an innate Virtue to fright Doggs that they durst not approach the Gates Neither Women Servants or made Free could assist to the holy Exercises in this Temple And only freemen and the Sons of Freemen had admission thereunto The Great Altar erected by Hercules stood near the Schola Graeca and by it AEmilius built the Temple of Pudicitia Patritia wherein when Virginia entred being herself noble but the Wife of a Plebeian she was cast out by the other Matrons whereat being offended she raised another Temple in Borgo Longo to Pudicitia Plebeia which caused a great Feud in the Patritian Matrons but neither of the one nor the other does any footsteps now remain Monte Aventino hath been ever counted infamous and inauspicious for the contest there happening between Romulus and Remus wherein the last was slain Ancus Martius the 4th King of the Romans granted it to the Sabines for their habitation but others write that it began to be inhabited only in the daies of Claudius the Emperor t is now called by its old name Mons Aventinus The Church of Santa Sabina standing on the top of the Aventino antiently dedicated to Diana was built by Ancus Martius or as others say by Servius Tullius Servius the sixth King of the Romans was Son of a Servant or slave wherefore he commanded that there every year on the 13th of August a solemn Feast should be kept for the Slaves on which day of their solemnity their Masters should not command them Here Honorius the 4th dwelt and Pius the fifth erected there some stately Fabricks to which Girolamo Bernerio called the Cardinal of Ascoli added others with a Chappel This Cardinal was of the Order of the preaching Fryers and for that cause hath been a loving Patron to that Order The Church of Santa Maria dell'Aventino was a Temple consecrated to Dea Bona not far from which stood the House of Julius Caesar whence Calphurnia the wife of Caesar proceeded among the other Matrons to the said Temple to the Nocturnal duties performed to the said Goddess when Clodius inamoured of her habiting himself in the garment of a Woman conveighed himself in amongst them all men being prohibited admission to those duties Who being no less ignorant of the place than of the Ceremonies wandred too and fro in search of his Friend Calphurnia and by that means was discovered by a certain Maid Upon the Aventino Hercules Victor had a Temple which is now called the Church of Santi Alexii The Hott Houses or Bathes which stood upon the AVENTINO THe Hot houses or Bathes of Decius the Emperour called Deciane were near Santa prisca formerly a Temple of Hercules whereof as of the ensuing great ruines yet remain Those called Variane stood near Saint Alexius And those of Trajan with his Palace on the farthest part of the Aventino in the Vineyard of Francisci Albertini a Roman Citizen The Remoria yet retains its antient name 'T was held an inauspicious place because in the bloud of Remus was unhappily begun the City who was there slain by a wicked man with a Pickax at the command of Romulus and interred in the same place the Via Remoria extends it self from the Circo Maximo over the top of the Aventino just to that Fabrick of Pope Paul the 3d. wherewith he fortified
the Chancery built by the Travertini in a square form with the stones translated from the Amphitheater of Titus Vespasianus which was called Coliseum which Theatre the Popes would not permit to be wholly destroyed but left some part in its first Lustre that by it might appear the splendour of the whole as a testimony of the magnificence of the Roman Empire In it stands one great Image of Bacchus wrought by Michael Angelo Bonarota at his first arrival at Rome when he sought to depress the Fame of Raphael Sanctius of Urbin which he brought in feriour to his own reputation by his Art and policy Two other great statues one of Ceres and the other of Opes as is believed And on the upper part are fixed certain heads as of Antonius Pius Septimius Severus Titus Domitianus Augustus and Geta the Emperours of a Sabin Woman of Pyrrhus King of the Epirots of Cupid and a Sword Player Thence not far distant stands the Piazza del Duca wherein is the fairest Pallace in Rome built with excessive cost by Pope Paul the 3d a Farnezian It abounds with so many antiquities that to speak distinctly of them would fill up a volume we will therefore pass briefly over them as now they remain many things having been changed in later times For the Architecture t is enough to say Michael Angelo Bonarota had a chief part therein and for the Materials better could not be had then were employed in it which were brought from the Amphitheatre As to the statues Two of Hercules stand in the Court famous for their workmanship and antiquity the lesser whereof is most commended One of Jupiter Tonante with two immense sword players the one having the Scabbard of his sword hanging at his shoulder and with his right foot kicks the Target the murrion and the ground the other holds behind him a boy dead in his hand But that which surpasseth all statues is the Tauro Farnese a Bull with five persons bigger than the natural cut to wonder out of one stone by Apollonius and Tauriscus of Rhodes whence t was conveighed and placed in Antoninus his Bath where about one hundred years since t was dugg up as entire as if made but yesterday and now stands in this Pallace astonishing all that behold it In the ascent on the stayers you see one statue of the Tyber another of Oceanus and at the top of two barbarous prisoners in their old habits In the Rooms above who delights in Pictures and Sculpture will meet enough to occupy his whole fancy As the Pictures of Francesco Salviati and Tadeo Zucchero both which are much applauded drawn as if they were taking the fresh ayr And in a Gallery which is as noble as well painted by the Brothers Carazzi Bolonia painters of great Fame you will find many antient heads of signal persons as of Lysia Euripides Solon Socrates Diogenes Genone Possidonio and Seneca with the noble statues of Ganimede Antinoo of Bacchus some fair Vessels and the statues of Meleager which deserves a name by it self for its great price being esteemed worth five thousand Crowns then which no statue in Rome is more entire No People under the Sun give so great prices for statues as the Romans all which are so studious of those kind of Ornaments that in acquiring them they emulously strive which shall exceed in cost or curiosity In one Chamber they shew the Duke Alexander of glorious memory having under his feet the River Scalda or Scelda with Flanders kneeling before him and behind Victory crowning him all which statues are cut out of one Marble stone bigger than the Life There also are three doggs cast rarely in Brass The Bibliotheque of this Pallace the Meddals and carved Toyes are most famous things but the Pictures of Raphael and Titian are incomparable nor are the Limnings lesse admirable Opposite to the Farnesi live the heirs of Monsignior d'Acquigno in whose house are divers inscriptions an Adonis a Venus of four thousand Crowns price a Diana begirt with a Quiver of Arrowes a Bow in her hand like a huntress and a statue of Bon Evento holding a looking glasse in the right hand and in the left a Garland of Ears of Corn an absolute Piece wrought by Praxitelis Adjacent to the Campo di Fiore stands the Palace of the Cardinal Capo di Ferro much less than the Farnesian Pallace but in splendor and Architecture no whit inferiour In the Frontispiece is painted the spring time The President of the spring is Venus which was drawn to the similitude of the Body of Livia Columna a most beautiful Princess whatever is there represented is amorous The Complexion of the men is sanguine and all are marked with the Element of Ayr. So in the other fronts are expressed the complexions Choller Melancholy and Phlegme the Elements Fire Water and Earth the seasons Summer Autumne and Winter and the Praesiding Gods Mars Saturn and Janus which are most absolutely performed and were the work of Michael Angelo with whom this Cardinal contracted a most intimate Friendship and being no less liberal than Jngenious obtained of him what ever so rare an Artist could possibly invent among the rest a secret conclave wherein many things are exprest with the highest Art and perfection The house of the Orsini in the Campo di Fiore which was raised out of the ruines of the Pompeyan Theatre is embellisht with many good statues in the Courts The Temple of Saint Angelo in Pescaria was formerly of Juno Regina which being burnt was restored by Septimius Severus and Marcus Aurelius the Emperors as the old Title there to be read verifies near which are some of the Pillars taken from the Portico of Septimius Severus dedicated to Mercury At the Tower Citrangole stands the house of the heirs of Gentile Delfino which Gentleman had more meddals than any other Person in Rome and his Garden filled with inscriptions In them stands a Statue of Canopo placed in the form of a Water Pott before whose breast they have preposed a Tablet filled with Hierogliphick letters by which t is believed the secret Mysteries of the Sacrifices are delivered In Parione at the house of the Maximi may be seen a Colossus which vulgarly is thought to be the statue of Pyrrhus King of the Epirots armed bought a long time since by the Maximi of Angelo for two thousand Crowns as also a Marble head of Julius Caesar with many other things worthy consideration In the house of the Leni alla Ciambella are many noble statues lately brought thither from the Porta di S. Bastiano to wit an Adonis a Venus a Satyr and many excellent heads where in an old Pile was found an entire purple Garment with some rings and other notable things Near which stands the house of Cardinal Paravicino a Signor of noble Qualities who much delights in Pictures whereof and those good too he hath not a few Contiguous with which stands the house of the Vallei wherein
by his holiness San Silvestro to San Pietro because he was there taken bound and imprisoned where a Feast was wont heretofore to be solemnized the first day of August in remembrance of the Chains wherewith Saint Peter was bound which was translated afterwards to San Pietro in Vincula in Monte Esquilie the Prisons were first built there by Ancus Martius to which Servius Tullius annexed the Vaults or Sellers under ground called Tulliani Carceres wherein as Salust writes those were strangled who had given in their names to Catalines conspiracy The Church of Santa Martina in whose angle the Colossus of Marforii lies was formerly consecrate to Mars Ultor the Revenger Augustus built and dedicated it after the Philippensian Warr in Pharsalia some say That in this Church was the secret place where the Acts of the Senate were kept In it is a Title made in the times of Theodosius and Honorius the Emperors Next unto it is the Church of Santo Adriano antiently the Temple of Saturn built or rather restored by Manutio Planco being first dedicated by Minutio Sempronio the Consuls This was the Exchequer of Rome wherein the publique Treasury was preserved as we read that in the time of Scipio Emilianus it had in it eleaven thousand pound weight of pure gold and ninety two thousand pound weight of silver beside an infinite quantity of coyned moneys Here also the Tabulae Elephantinae were layed up wherein the numbers of the 35 tribes of Rome were recorded as also the Military Ensignes the Decrees of the Senate the publick Acts with the spoils of the Provinces and conquered Nations 'T is supposed that Santa Maria Liberatrice was a Temple dedicated to Venus Generatrix It stands at the Foot of the Palatine those three hollow Pillars some believe to be those before the foot of the Ponte aureo of Caligula which was supported by 80 Pillars made with incredible cost over which they passed from the Pallace to the Capitoll The Pillar at Santa Maria Liberatrice is one of those upon which was placed the golden Statue by Domitian near which stood the Statue of the River Rhene now called Marforio and is in the Campidoglio Erected by Domitian for that that Emperor triumphed over the Germans Near it was the Temple of Concord with that of Julius Caesar on its right hand and that of Paulus AEmilius on its left hand whose structure cost nine hundred thousand Crowns Those high wals which are beheld at the Foot of the Palatine are part of the Rostri Nuovi which were so called for that there they setled the Rostra or stemm of their Galleys here now is the Vineyard of Cardinal Farnese There Cicero frequently made his Orations there the Fathers assembled and made Laws and there the head and hand of Cicero which wrote his Philippick Orations were fixed to a Spear by command of Antonius the Triumvir whose dishonourable deeds are therein declaimed against The Rostri Vecchie were in the Corte Hostilia near the place of the Council which touched the Church Santa Maria Nuova which place is called Comitia as much as to say a place to retire themselves together in for here the senate and People of Rome assembled to treat of the affairs of the the Common-Wealth and there is built now the holy house of Sancta Maria de inferno The Temple of San Lorenzo in Miranda stands in the ruines of the Temple of Faustina and of Antonio where we find this Inscription Divo Antonino Divae Faustinae S. C. As also twelve fair Pillars near which stood the Arch of Fabius and the covering of the Palace which was called Libone The Piazza of Julius Caesar extended from the Temple Faustina to that of Santa Maria but at the Piazza of Augustus the Church of Santo Adriano in Trefori is conjoyned with it And in that of Augustus were certain Porticues and in them statues of illustrious Men set up by Augustus who lived in the house of Livia in the Via Sacra The Temple of Santi Cosmo and Damiano was antiently dedicated to Castor and Pollux which some alledge without foundation to be the Temple of Romulus and Remus The Temple of Peace begun by Clandius and finished by Vespasian was most magnificent and stately of whose most high structure some reliques yet remain not far from the Church of Santa Maria Nova and one Pillar yet entire the highest and biggest of all Rome In the gardens of Santa Maria Nova appear yet two high round courses of two antient Temples of the Sun and Moon which some will have to be of Isis Serapis There Tatius built a Temple to Vulcan and in that quarter AEsculapius also had a Temple and Concordia built by Fulvius in anno 303. after the erecting of the Capitol Out of which Temple of Concordia t is thought Vespasian afterwards raised that of Peace translating to it moreover many ornaments from the Temple of Solomon after he had destroyed Jerusalem Not far distant from the Via sacra stands the Marble Arch of Titus Vespasian wherein are carved the pomp of the Triumph and the spoyls brought from Jerusalem at the overthrow of the Jewes as the Ark of the Covenant the Candlestick for the seaven Lights The Table whereon they set the bread of the Proposition or shewbread The Table of the ten Commandements delivered by God to Moses and the sacred Vessels all of pure gold used in the sacrifices by the Hebrews besides which the Triumphal Chariot of the Emperor is carved thereon with this Inscription Senatus Populusque Romanus Divo Tito Divi Vespatiani F. Vespasiano Augusto The Foro or Court di Nerva is also called Transitorio or the passage because through it they passed into the Foro Romano and in that of Augusto where stands the Arco di Noe so called corruptly by the Vulgar stood the noble Picture di Nerva where in Fret work are these words Imperator Nerva Caesar Augustus Pont. Tib. Pont. II. ââ¦mp II Procoris The Fragments of this Arch are yet extant between the Church Saint Basilio the Tower for the Militia Near it riseth a certain square structure called by the vulgar Studiolo di Virgilio they ridiculously fable That the Poet was hung out of it by a certain whore for a spectacle to the People one whole day Which to revenge Virgil Who studied the Magick Art effected that the Fire in the whole City was extinguished and all the people forced to give fire to their Candles and Lights at the flames which were raised for shaming of the Strumpets This fable is painted every where but without an Author Nor is it likely any such thing could happen to that great Vir gil who for his continency was called Parthe nius If any thing in this Fable be true I suppose t was writ of some other Virgil a Magician by whom the Neapolitanes speak also many things to have been performed among others that by the Magick Art he hollowed the Mountain Posylipum and
be the Stanza or abiding place of the Praetorian Souldiers within these walls is a spatious Concave Here on all sides ly huge Sepulchres some built in a square others in a ââ¦ound a third sort in a Pyramid form either with brick or Marble whose inscriptions demonstrate that they were erected for the Metelli Among which a great structure in a round form seems the most conspicuous being raised with squared white marble stones to the bigness of a Tower hollow within and open at top so that standing below one may see the skies Its walls are about 24. foot thick in whose circuit are interwoven the heads of Bulls and Oxen cleared of the skin and flesh as in their sacrifices they used them between the garlands of Leaves and Flowers The heads amount to the number of 200. Sacrificed to the God Capode Boi and the Antiquaries will have that at the famous Sepulchre of Cecilia Metella a double Hecatombe was performed At the Foot of the neighbouring Hill if you pronounce a whole heroick verse an admirable Eccho returns it whole and articulately for the most part and confused otherwhiles eight times answered In no place is heard so rare an Eccho which is said to be excited by artifice that at the Funeral of this Caecilia Metella the ejaculations of the weepers and the funeral houlings might immensely be multiplyed while that double Hecatombe was celebrating and the Funest duties performed in honour of that Matron In the next depressed place ly the mighty ruines of the Circo Hipodromo The structure hereof is attributed to Bassiano Caracalla raised in the Place where Tiberius the Emperor built the Stables for the Praetorian bands here the Souldiers exercised themselves in running riding and driving Chariots In the midst of the Area lie certain signes of the places whence the horses rushed out to their courses as also of Bases Statues Altars and meets or bounds for the Courses round it are many pictures in the midst lies an Obelisk of speckled stone called Granito flat upon the ground broken in three pieces carved all over with Hieroglyphicks branches with Leaves and animals T is supposed that Sixtus the 5th would have reared this as he did others had not death shortned his days Above the Circ riseth an entire Temple four squared with Pillars and Corridores before it Which as is supposed was dedicated to the Dio Ridicolo uppon this occasion Hannibal having slain 40 thousand Romans at the battail of Cannae marched with his victorious Army to the siege of Rome and pitched his Camp in that very place where a diffused Laughter being heard over his Camp it caused a prodigious fear and that made him raise the Siege and retreat to the Terra di Lavoro which had he obstinatly continued some time longer having created such a consternation in the Citizens he had undoubtedly taken Rome with small difficulty but as Livy saies an Affrican told Hannibal He knew how to obtain but not how to make use of Victory Thus was Rome delivered from Hannibal and the Romans in commemoration of so great a benefit received from the God of Laughter consecrated that Temple to the Dio Ridicoloso Hence you must return by three miles journey back to Rome and arrived at the walls enter by the Porta Latina near whereto is the Church S. Giovanni where t is said the same Saint was cast into boyling oyl by the command of Domitian for which a feast is alwaies solemnized in May thence follow the street to the Porta Gabiosa so called for that intending for the Citty Gaba you must march out of it where the Via Roma connexeth with the Prenestina as sometimes the Via Appia unites with the Latina MONTE CELIO Leaving the Wall on the right hand of the Porta Gabiosa you ascend Monte Celio wch runs along by the wall to the Porta Maggiore This Hill was antiently called Querquetulano from the multitude of Oaks growing thereon before the Tuscans inhabited it to whom licence was given to dwell in the Bourg Tosco because they marched under their Captain Cloche Vibenna to the assistance of the Romans against their Enemies On this Hill at this day rests no Antique thing of moment more than the infinite ruines of Fabricks One part of it is na med Celiolo where stands a Church of Santo Giovanni Evangelista called ante Portam Latinam which was antiently a Temple sacred to Diana On the top of the Celio is a round Church dedicated to S. Stefano by Pope Simplicio from being a Temple of Faunus whose antiquity threatning destruction Nicholas the fifth repaired it and Gregory the thirteenth beautifyed it with Pictures of Martyrs and Saints Curia Hostilia stood where now is Santi Giovanni and Paulo towards the Settizonio of Severus built by Tullius Hostilius different from that in the Foro Romano Here the Senate assembled for state affairs The Church of S. Maria in Domenica is seated towards the Aventino and was restored by Leo the 10th here antiently stood the Dwellings of the Albani and near them the Aqueduct for the Aqua Claudia in the Arch whereof are engraven these words P. Corn R. F. Dolabella Cos. C. Junius C. P. Silanus Flamen Martial Ex S. C. Faciundum curaverunt Idemque Probaverunt By the same Aqueduct stands a great Fabrick as a conservatory of the Waters The Castra Peregrina stood in old time where the Church of Santi quatro Coronati was built by Pope Honorius and restored by Paschal the second In those Castles they used to rendezvouz and accommodate the People for Sea affairs which Augustus used to keep in the ordinary Fleet at Niseno Between the Porta Gabiusa and Celimontana abound great ruines of the Palace of Constantine the great called now S. Giovanni by which may be comprehended the magnificent state and splendor of that Emperor San Giovanni in Laterano keeps its antient name built by Constantine the Great at the instance of Pope Sylvester formerly the Seat of the Roman Pontifices at first called Romae Episcopi Bishops of Rome but afterwards induced thereunto by the pleasantness of the Vatican Hills they translated their habitation thither building a renowned Palace near St. Peters Church Near the said Church stands Il Battisterio di Constantino of an orbicular form sustained by 8. porphyr Pillars Report saith that Constantine the Great labouring under a Leaprosie at the perswasions of his Phisicians resolved to bath himself in the blood of Infants and for that intent erected this sumptuous structure but being admonished in a dream to bath himself in holy water in the name of Jesus Christ the true God whom Helena his Mother worshipped the Emperor obeyed the Celestial admonition and was baptized in that porphyr Font now in the said Temple For the truth hereof the Reader is desired to consult his own thought It not being likely that so magnificent a structure should be built and intended for perpetrating that notorious crime which should rather be kept close and tacitely concealed
ample that it had more the face and semblance of a City than of a single house within were comprehended Fields Lakes Woods and a Gallery of a mile long with three ranks of Pillars many of its Chambers were guilt and adorned with gems and the Temple dedicated to Fortuna Seia had in it an Image of the same Goddesse of transparent Marble On the left hand stands the Arch Triumphal of Constantine the Great as yet whole and perfect with all his victories and statues carved on it This Arch was erected in honour of that Emperor by the Romans after he had overcome at Ponte Milvio Maxentius who had tyrannically oppressed Rome and Italy At present they manage horses in the Coliseo And near it rises a proud Fabrick in form of a Pyramid which was called La Meta Sudante for that thence issued Streams of water whereof such as had disposed themselves in the Amphitheatre to see the sports had given them to satisfie their thirsts when desired by any Thus ends the second dayes Journey The third dayes Journey of ROME LEaving the Castle Saint Angelo on the right hand of the Torre Sanguina passing through the street Orso where it divides you find the house of Bildo Ferratino in the frontispiece whereof stands a statue of Galba the Emperor with other figures In the Palace of the Duke of Altemps they shew many monuments of Antiquity Epitaphs Inscriptions aud Reliques which wonderfully delight the eyes of skilfull Artists and ingenious Men among others the statue of Seneca the Philosopher and the Vestry and Chapel of the Duke clear demonstrations of the piety and religion of the Patrones Near it stands the house of Cardinal Gaetano containing some rare Antique statues Towards Navova is the Church of S. Apollinare formerly the Temple of Apollo and behind it the Church of Saint Augustine where the Tombe of Santa Monica his Mother is shewed with her Reliques That spatious Court before the Palace of the Dutchess of Parma corruptly called Piazza Navona was formerly the Circo Agonale wherin they exhibited the Agonalian fights and games instituted by Numa Pompilius in honour of Janus Nero augmented this Circ and so did Alexander the Son of Manca who erected also near it a Palace and the famous Alexandrian Hot baths Hereabouts also Nero and Adrian had their Baths but the continued edifices there have lost the very foundations of the old structures In the house of the Bishops of Saula is shewed the Head of M. Tul lius Cicero in that of Alexander Ruââ¦ino the Image of Julius Caesar Armed like a Colossus with his thighs neatly harnessed after the old-fashion and oposite to it another of the same heighth and vests of Octavius Caesar. Then which statues Rome scarce affords any thing of better workmanship Those round and high Arches which rise in that place called the Ciambella are reliques of the Bathes of M. Agrippa near which Nero built others whose Fragments shew themselves behind S. Eustachio M. Agrippa Built the Pantheon near his Bathes in honour of all the Gods a Temple to be admired for the Architecture and wealth the most antient entire and splendid of any at this day extant in Rome He built it orbicular that Preeminence of Place might create no quarrels among the Gods Others say he dedicated it to Ope and Cibele as mother of the Gods and Mistress of the Earth Afterwards the Popes consecrated it to the Blessed Virgin and all the Saints It hath no windowes being in lieu thereof supplyed with light from a great Open space at top the rain water driving there through is received into a large brass Vessel at the bottom which in old time was covered with plates of silver but Constantine the Nephew of Heraclius took away that with the other ornaments of the City antiently t was ascended to by 7 steps but now who enters it must descend 18. steps whereby appears how vast are the heaps of ruines An inscription of very long Letters testifie that Severus and M. Antonius repaired the Pantheon then threatning a ruine Herein lies Raphael of Urbin the Prince of Painters And before it stands a large Vessel of Porphyr admirable for the grandeur and curiosity of workmanship one like to which is extant in Santa Maria Maggiore under the Crucifix Near it Santa Maria della Minerva so called from its first dedication to Minerva presents it self where the Dominican Fryers inhabit which hath nothing of antiquity more than the Walls and some old Inscriptions Here lies the Cardinals Pietro Bembo and Tomaso Gaetano learned men of their time and Santa Caterina of Siena A great arch now old rude and divested of all its ornaments stood near it called Camiliano which they think to be built by Camillus but falsly for those kind of works were first set a foot in the reigns of the Emperors sometime since this Arch was by licence of Pope Clement the 8th pulled down by Cardinal Salviano who with those stones amplified his own adjacent Palace near this Arch lay a foot of a Colossus very great which is supposed to be transferred to the Campidoglio where t is now obvious In the house of Paulus de Castro is seen the head of Socrates with his whole breast and many other things which will recreate the spectator In the Palace of S. Marca in the Via Lata there is such another Vessel of Marble as is at San Salvatore del Lauro taken out of the Baths of Agrippa and a statue of Fauna or as others say of the good Goddess All those things wherewith of old the Court of Nerva was garnished are either by age decayed or translated to some other place t is called also Foro Transitorio because over it they walked to go to the Foro Augusto and Romano for which reason that Church is called S. Adriano in trefori here stood likewise the Palace of the said Emperor whose ruines were removed elsewhere Here also lies the Foro Trajano between the Campidoglio the Quirinale and the Foro Augusto this was environed with a magnificent gallery sustained with noble pillars whereof Apolliodorus was Architector and adorned with statues Images and a triumphal Marble Arch of all which nought remains except two of the Pillars at Santa Maria di Loreto And one Collumne spread over within with Cockle shells which demonstrates the splendor and Majesty of the Emperors t is 128 foot high besides the bases which is 12. foot more t is raised by 24 stones only but they so vast that it appears the work of Gyants every one of those stones hath eight stayers by which they get up inwardly to the top which are enlightned by 44 Casements Round it are carved the noble Acts of Caesar Trajano in the Dacian Warr. No part of the world can boast a work more admirable or more magnificent 'T was erected in honour of that good Emperor who was not so fortunate as to see it finished for being detained in the Parthick warr upon his
the greatest now extant in Rome whereon are engraven Boyes gathering Grapes which some call the Sepulchre of Bacchus but erroneously In the Via Nomentana a little farther is the Ponte Nomentano built by Narsetes the Eunuch under Justinian the Emperor as the inscription testifies Nero the Emperour between the Porta Suburbana and Salaria had Suburbano a singular edifice which he gave to a Freed Man who fearinga publique punishment by a poynard thrust into his brest and the help of Sporo another freed Man slew himself some ruines of this Fabrick yet remain Porta Querquetulana is now a Church near which appear square wals the Remains of the Castle deputed for the Souldiers stations apointed for the Emperors guards On the Viminale are seen the Baths of Dioclesian of an admired Vastness and sumptuosity which though much decayed are yet the most entire in Rome 'T is said that forty thousand Christians were in a servile manner turmoyled for fourteen yeers in the structure hereof Dioclesian and Maximinian began them but Constantine and Massiminian compleated them now called Alle Terme where appears a certain place made for receit of the waters employed in those Baths called Bacco di terme Dioclesian adjoined a Palace to them whose ruines manifestly shew themselves And here was that celebrious Library called Ulpa where the Elephantine books were disposed On the right hand of these Baths are the Gardens formerly appertaining to Cardinal Bellay but now to the Monks of the order of Saint Bernard to whose industry the ingenious owe the Invention and designes made by wind And on their left hand stands the Church of Santa Susanna in old time the Temple of Quirinus In this place they believe Romulus being praeascended into Heaven appeared to Proculus Julius then returning from Alba for which cause the Senate consecrated a Temple and attributed to him divine honours Here also ut aiunt Romulus frequently descended and communicated divers things to Alba. The foundations of the Olympiade Bathsyet continue near S. Lorenzo in Pane Perna vulgarly named Pamiperna where Decius the Emperors Pallace stood The Church S. Prudentia was built by Pius the fourth at the request of Santa Prascede his Sister where likewise appear the walls of the Baths Novati And the ruines of the Baths of Agrippina the Mother of Nero are yet extant by the Church S Vitalis In San Lorenzo in Proserpina shewes it self a great Marble Stone reverenced with great adoration and religion whereon ut aiunt the roasted body of San Lorenzo was repoââ¦ed after his death here lies buried Cardinal Cirketo the delight of the Learned of our times Beyond the Church S. Susanna by the Via Quirinale lay heretofore the gardens of Rodolfo Cardinal Carpente then which no part of Ita ly nay Naples it self where are the most excelling afforded more delicious In it were 134 statues engraven with divers artificial figures and other admirable curiosities so well disposed that no Fancy could reach that Paradise nor ocular view scarce apprehend its glory to say no more this garden was an Embleme of that Cardinal its Patron the son of Alberto Pio Prince of Carpi for as that exceeded most so his knowledge in antiquities and Learning was admired by all he wrote learnedly against Erasmus IL COLLE QURINALE or MONTE CAVALLO THis hill was so demonstrated from the Name Quiri or Curi a Family of the Sabines who marching among others under Statius their Captain to reside at Rome inhabited this hill now called Monte Cavalli from the artificial horses there yet visible T is divided from the Viminale by that way which conducts to the Porta S. Agnese Upon Monte Cavallo where were the Vineyards of the Cardinal of Estè now stands a Palace of the Popes admirable for the Grottoes walks Arbors and artificial Fountains The chief was the work of Pope Clement the 8th whereon is wrote the history of Moses in Mosaique work Here stand some old statues of the Muses and here you may hear one of those Organes called of old Hydraulici because they sounded by force of the Waters You ascend this Fountain by some steps upon the ballostres whereof stand certain Vessels which spout out water very high which in their fall present divers figures before it lies ample fish ponds with a Circle of Plain trees wch afford a thick and lovely shade in fine such is the the Variety of Marbles the excellency and fairness of the statues the diversity of the Inscriptions the beauty of the walks the pleasantness of the Fountains and the shade of the Groves in these pontifical Vineyards That the studious may find here fit objects for their Observations The Curious for their admiration and the Lovers of Solitude for their deportment and retreats Hence a little distant lies the Vineyard of Octavio Cardinal Bandini well kept and worthy a view And at the four fountains the Palace of the Mattei which hath some fair statues as well antient as modern Round about which lye several other Vineyards and Gardens as of the Teatini of the Colonna's and of Patriarca Biondo near which is the Church Saint Andrea repaired by the Jesuites where the B. Stanislao Kostka a Polach lies buried who there acomplished his days Upon this Mount stand two Collossus or statues as t were of Gyants holding two wild horses by a Bridle cut in Marble upon whose pilaster we read that they were the work of Phidia and Prasitelle from which horsestis called Monte Cavallo And the report goes that Tiridates King of the Armenians presented them to Nero who that he might entertain that stranger King worthily and according to the Roman splendor caused Pompeyes Theatre where he exhibited the Games for that Kings Solace and recreation in three days to be layed all over with silver Plates Which magnificence the King did not so much admire knowing well that in Rome were heaped up the riches of the world as the diligence and ingenuity of the workmen that in so short a time could perfect so noble ingenious a work which in him created astonishment Here the Benedictine Fryers had a comodious habitation which some time since they surrendred to the Apostolick Chamber opposite whereto is a Pontifical Palace built by Sixtus the 5th for their cool retreat in hot weather whence somewhat in the Vigna of the Colonnesi raiseth it self the Frontispiece of Neros Pallace vulgarly called Frontone di Nerone Hence Nero beheld the Fire which was by his own incendiaries kindled in the City of Rome which afterwards he imputed to the Christians that by this Calumny he might draw them into hatred with the Senate and People of Rome and by a publick edict commanded that as many as were apprehended confessing Christ for God should be burnt and excarnified in Neros gardens which Persecution continued three days On the other part of the Quirinale are many Arches Cels caves of different workmanship under ground the Reliques of the Emperor Constantines Baths of hot waters And
thence looking towards the Suburbs you behold an old Temple in the gardens of the Bartolini made ov all and wrought with divers shapes of Fishes and other Ornaments which was dedicated to Neptune Near hereto is the place vnlgarly called Bagnanapoli that is Bagni di Paulo because they were made by Paulus AEmilius The Monastery of the Nuns of Saint Benedict built by Pope Pius the 5th and the Palace of the Conti rise out of the ruins of those Baths whereof to this day some small fragments are extant The Tower de Conti was raised by Innocent the 3d. and that of the Militie by Boniface the 8th On this part of the Quirinale stood the house of the Cornelii called now Vico di Cornelii and S. Salvatore de Cornelii a Temple sacred of old to Saturn and Bacchus From the Church S. Salvatore to the Porta disan Agnese reacheth the Street called Alta Semita on the right hand whereof near San Vitale stood the house of Pomponius Atticus with a wood Hereby also was the Suburra Piana and at the foot of the Viminale a Temple of Silvanus Upon the top of the Quirinale stood a Temple consecrated to Apollo and Clara two small Temples of Jupiter and Juno and the old Capitol of these structures scarce any reliques appear here now is the Monastery of the Nuns of Saint Domenick and the Church of Santa Maria Magdalena Near San Susanna stood the Court and house of Salust which place is now corruptly called Callostrico his fair gardens took up all that space between the Porta Salaria and la Pinciana in the midst whereof stood a small Obelisk carved with Hyeroglyphicks dedicated to Luna since amoved In the descent from the Quirinale towards the Foro of Nerva a high Tower presents it self which is vulgarly called Torre Mezza which t is believed was one part of the house of Maecenas adjoyning whereunto were his delicious Gardens whereto Augustus Caesar frequently withdrew himself from his more weighty affairs to recreate himself with his Friend and to revive his toyled Spirits Others believe it to be a part of the Temple dedicated by Marcus Aurelius to the Sunne The Fourth dayes Journey of ROME FRom the Bourg taking the way over Ponte Elio you up against the streams of the Tyber meet the Church San Biasio at Ripetta which is supposed to have been the Temple of Neptune amplified by Adrian the Emperor here such as had escaped any remarkable shipwrack hung up Tablets containing the particulars of their deliverance and their vows for it to the God of the Sea In the Valle Martia by the Church of San Rocco stands the Mauseolo of Augustus being a Sepulchre erected by Octavius for himself and she successors of the Caesarian Family out of the ruins and with the Materials of that Amphitheatre which he destroyed that Julius Cesar built there its Circuit is yet entire divided into a figure four square lozanged In this Mauseolo stands a Matrona holding a Cornucopia with Fruit and an AEsculapius as bigg as a Gyant with a Serpent In this Mauseolo were also heretofore two Obelisks of Granito 42 foot high The Circ of Julius Caesar extended from this Mauseolo to the foot of the neighbouring Mountain Augustus had a Palace opposite to it with a stately Gallery and had here consecrated a Grove to the Gods of Hell reaching from the Church Santa Maria del Popolo to S. Trinita Some say that Marcellus his Sepulchre was contiguous with this Mauseolo and shew its very Track which Boisardo believes rather to belong to the Mauseolo and not a distinct Edifice Augustus also had made a place called Naumachia for Naval Diversions in the lower part of the Valle Martia looking towards the Hill Santa Trinita which Domitian restored being decayed through antiquity and called it after his own name placing near it a Temple to the Family Flavia where now Saint Silvestro stands The Valle Martia was so denominated because t was the lowest Gate of the Campo Martio and extended from the Tyber to the hills Santa Trinita and from the Piazza of Domitian in the Via Flaminia to the Porta Flaminia The Via Flaminia took its name from Flaminius the Consul who paved it after the conquest of the Genovesi now t is called the Corso for that at some time of the yeer boys and certain animals run here striving who shall arrive first at the end of the course This way goes from the Porta Flaminia called heretofore Flumentana from its vicinity to the Tyber but at this day Porta del popolo to Pesaro and to Rimini Near this way lye many gardens filled with inscriptions chiefly those of Cardinal Lovisio Justiniano Gallo Altemps and others By this Way Pope Julius the third accomodated a Vineyard with such ornaments as for cost and magnificence surpassed all others in Rome and as an Inscription attests conducted to the publik way a Fountain for the benefit of all persons wherein t is scarce to be judged which ought most to be applauded the ingenuity of the Artitificers or the sumptuousness and splendour of the Roman Chief Bishops Beyond this lies Ponte Molli where the Tyrant Maxentius was overcome by Constantine the Great which Tyrant that he might not be carried alive in the Triumphs of Constantine cast himself headlong off the Bridge into the Tyber Afterwards in honour of Constantine was erected the Triumphal Arch between the Coliseo and the Settizonio of Severus Returned into the City by the Porta Flaminia you find the Arch of Domitian called di Portogallo because in that quarter the Embassador of Portugall resi ded T is also called Tripoli a rude and incompact structure having nothing of moment in it more than the statue of Domitian which some too will not have to be his but the statue and Arch of Claudius the Emperor The Church of Saint Lorenzo in Lucina was sacred to Juno Lu cina and yet retains its old name here of old breeding women and such as lay in Childbed after the birth used to pay their vows because by the good will of the Goddess not only themselves were preserved in that great peril but the Life of their tender Infants In the street de Condotti in the house of the Bosii some notable and old inscriptions are extant In the Palace of the Spanish Embassador a fair and Copious Fountain In that of Dionigio Octaviano Sada who translated the old Dialogues of D. Antonio Augustino into Italian a good number of rare things in this kind In that of the Ruzzelai a Gallery filled with old statues of rare artifice and in the Court a very large brazen horse And in that of the Cardinal Desa now building we assure our selves of rare Architecture and great Curiosities The Campo Martio heretofore without the City fils that plain between the Quirinale the Ponte di Sisto and the Tevere or Tyber here the youth exercised themselves in Military discipline and here they hold their Council for creating of Magistrates
Between Santa Maria del Popolo and the Porta Flaminia is seen an Obelisk filled with Hieroglyphicks and AEgiptian Letters which Pliny writes to be one hundred and ten foot long and to contain on it the interpretation of the AEgyptian Philosophy Augustus Caesar caused it to be transferred from Hieropoli to Rome with two others which he placed in the Circus Maximus On the Pedestal is this Inscription Caesar. Divi. F. Aug. Pont. Max. Imp. X. J. Cos. XI Trib. Pot. XIV AEgypto in Potestatem P. R. redact â Soli Donum dedit The house of Antonino Paleozo affords an excellent statue of a horse and some heads as of Drusus of Julia the Daughter of Augustus of Goleria of Faustina Giovene the wife of Marcus Aurelius of Adrian of Brutus Domitian Galba Sabina Hercules Bacchus Sylvanus and Mercury And likewise the Triumph of Tiberius Caesar cut lively in one Marble stone And that of Giacomo Giacovazzo not a few excellent statues in Marble and Brass and other Curiosities Antoninus Pius in that part of the Campo Martio called Piazza di Sciarra erected a hollow Columne with winding stairs and 56. Casements to give Light within to them being 175 foot high some say it is raised with 28 stones only but in this t is not so clearly discernable as in that of Trajano for that the stayers being broke t is not ascendable On the superficies of it are wrought the Acts of Antoninus with excellent sculpture of figures from this that place is denominated Piazza Colonna Those eleaven high Pillars which are seen erected at the Church of Saint Stephano in Truglio are the reliques of that open Gallery which Antoninus Pius built conjoyned to his Palace in his Court as far distant from this Church as the Rotonda Between the Collumne of Antoninus and the Fountain of Acque Virgine were the Septa of the Campo Martio so called for that they were enclosed with several thick Plancks in which the Roman People assembled when they gave their suffrages for Election of the Magistrates They were also called Ovili for their similitude to a Sheepfold here the Roman Tribes assembled in Council That Hill between San Lorenzo in Colonna and the abovenamed Column called Monte Acitorio took its name from the Latine words Mons Citatorum where every Tribe Se'paratim rendred themselvs after they had given their suffrages in the Septa On the same Hill stood a publique Palace for receipt of Embassadors from Enemies who were not licen ced to enter the City nor dwell in Graecostasi which lay between the Counsel and the Rostri in the Piazza Romana Cardinal Santa Severina so much spoken of by the Hereticks a man of great prudence and an example for posterity erected his Palace on this Hill Not far from hence is the Fountain of Aque Virgine conveighed by a loud depressed Aqueduct over the Porta Collina the Hill Santa Trinita and through the Campo Martio now called Fontana di Trevi we read in the inscription that Nieolo the 5th restored it And this alone of all the waters which with so great costs and such sumptuous Aqueducts the antient Princes brought into Rome remains standing for the publique Benefit From the Serraglio or Septa of the Roman people began the Strada coperta wherein stood heretofore a Temple of Neptune and the Amphitheatre of Claudius now wholly destroyed At the Acque Virgine was a Temple dedicated to Giuturna Sister of Tur no King of the Rutoli accounted one of the Napee or Nimphes keep-in gamong flowers and the Countrey goddess who as the Heathens believed assisted to the fertility of the Earth In the house of Angelio Colorio da Giesi now appertaining to the Rufali are seen many statues and inscriptions and one Arch of the stone Tivoli joyning to the Acque Virgine having this Inscription T. Claudius Drus. F. Caesar Augustus In the Fountain under the statue of a Nymph now removed are found these verses Hujus Nympha loci sacri custodia Fonti Dormio dum blandae sentio murmur aquae Parce meum quisquis tangis cava marmora somnum Rumpere sive bibes sive lavare jaces Pompeio Naro possesseth two statues which were found in his Vineyard the one of Hercules the other of Venus IL COLLE de gli HORTICELLI now di SANTA TRINITA THis Hill extends from San Silvestro to the Porta Pinciana or Collina along by the Walls of the City but some draw it out to the Porta Flaminia The Gate and Hill took their name from Pincius the Senator whose magnificent Palace stood here and the footsteps of it are yet visible at the walls of the City upon this Hill was the Sepulchre of the Domitian Family here likewise Nero was buried On the top of this hill remains an Arch or roof which formerly was part of the Temple of the Sun near whereto lies an obelisk of Thasian stone with this inscription Soli Sacrum The Church Santa Trinita now occupied by the Minime Fryars was built by Lewis the XIth King of France wherein are some Tombes of Cardinals as of Antonio Moreto and Cardinal di Capri. At the Porta Collina near Santa Susanna Salustius as aforesaid had most pleasant gardens and a splendid dwelling whose ruines yet appear in the Vale leading to Salara Here stood an Obelisk now translated elsewhere sacred to the Moon engraven with AEgyptian Hyeroglyphicks The place is yet vulgarly called Salostrico The Campo Scelerato or the Via Scelerata where the deflowred Vestal Virgines were buried alive compleated all that space from the Porta Collina under the house and gardens of Salustius to the Porta Salaria Without the Porta Salaria called also Quirinale Collina and Agonale lye the ruines of the Temple of Venus Erycina whose Feast was celebrated with solemn ceremonies by chast Matrons in the month of August to the Image of Venus Ver ecordia which Goddess was supposed to render the Husbands placable and benevolent to their wives in this Temple they likewise celebrated the Agonalian games whence t was named Agonale Three miles without the City over the Aniene stands an entire Bridge which a long inscription shews to have been built by Narsetes t is said that Hannibal being on this Bridge vexed with a vehement rain raised the siege of Rome removed his Camp and departed A little below which the Tyber commixeth with the River Aniene and here Torquatus overcame that French Gyant from whose neck he took that golden neck chain which because in Latine called Torques gave him the surname of Torquatus T is worth observation That the Water drawn out of the Tyber above the City towards the Sea maintains it self wholesome and clean for many yeers which comes to pass from the mixture of the River Aniene with the Tyber The water of the Aniene being thick and polluted with Nitre which preserves it and occasions that it cannot putrify without difficulty and the inhabitants along the Tybers banks above where the Aniene commixeth with the Tyber mingle the waters
of the one with the other that they may last sweet a long time although they have been necessitated to take them up singly and separately In the gravel of the Aniene they find several little stones in divers forms after the similitude of Comfits some round some long some little and some great so that one would believe they found Almonds Fennel Anniseed Coriander and Cinamon Comfits Of which small stones they usually gather a good heap on the bankside to cousen the spectators with and they are therefore called Confetti di Tivoli Titus Celius the Patrician recounts that in former times a body of a man who was slain and cast into the Aniene was found stuck fast to the root of a Tree under water which it happened in process of time being without putrefaction was converted into stone without loosing its shape which stony body so found he saies he saw with his proper eyes At the Porta Salaria are shewed the Reliques of an antique Temple consecrated to Honour and of the house Suburbano of Nero wherein by the assistance of Sporo the Libertine the Emperor Nero thrust a dagger under his nipple and therewith slew himself that he might not fall into the hands of the Senate then requiring him to punishment Within the City near the Vale between the hills Santa Trinita and Quirinale stands the Church San Nicolo de Archemontis so named for that the Foro or Piazza of Archemorio was in that place Under the Vineyard of the late Cardinal Dapi are certain Chambers and obscure vaults continued in a long Order which some will have to have been a Tavern others had rather assign them to the use of the strumpets for their occupation in the time of the Floralian games which were celebrated in the Circo Florae At the Church de'dodeci Apostoli you find a Lyon in Marble an incomparable piece and in the house of Colonna a Marble statue of Melisse a Lady as the inscription declares Many other Palaces and houses of the Cardinals Nobles and wealthy Citizens of Rome are plentifully fraught with other Antiquities and excellent Collections of Gold Silver and Brass coynes embossed works in divers Metals of ingenious Artists Onyexes Corneols or Sardonian Gemmes Cornelians Amethists Topazes Berryls Carbuncles Jacinths Saphirs and Christals ingraven and cut with the heads of Gods Emperors illustrious and noble Men divers Creatures Hearbs and Trees containing also divers emblemes which were heretofore commonly exposed to the view of strangers by their Patrones but of later yeers the malignity of this depraved Age hath so ill gratified those persons for their Kindness by many injuries received from such their free admission that now unless recommended by some friend to some particular person in Rome or contracting a Friendship through long familiarity t is not easie for a stranger to obtain an inspection of those pretious Curiosities Of the Coemiteries and of the Burying places of ROME collected out of HONOFRIO PANUINO THE Cemeterio Ostriano three miles without the City in the Via Salaria is thought to be the most antient of Rome for that Saint Peter the Apostle in that place administred the Sacrament of Baptism The Protonotario of the Roman Church in his third Chapter of the Acts of Pope Liberio speaks of it in this manner A little distant from the Cemetrio di Novella three miles without the City lay in the Via Salaria the Cemiterio Ostriano where the Apostle Saint Peter Baptized The Cemiterio Vaticano was placed on the Via Trionfale near the Temple of Apollo and the Circ of Nero in the Gardens of Nero where now the Church of Saint Peter stands which besides the Tombs of Christians had in it also a Font for holy Baptisme which for the most part was not in others Seaven miles distant from Rome was the Cemiterio called ad Nimphas in Severus his possession on the Via Nomentana where the holy Martyres bodies were enterred As Pope Alexanders c. Two miles without the City was the Cemeterio vecchio amplified by the B. Calistus the Pope from whom also it took a name Herein were certain subterranean places called Catacombe and in them a deep Pit wherein the bodies of the Apostles Peter and Paul were layed Near to the Cemiterio di San Calisto was that of San Sotero and in the same quarter lay that of San Zeferino the Pope contiguous with the Cat ecombe and that of San Calisto The Cemeterio of Calepo dio Prete was two miles forth the Porta Gianicolese in the Via Aurelia near San Pancratio That of Pretestato Prete in the Via Appia where Pope Urban was buried That of Santo Partiano Papa near to Santi Abdon and Sennen That of Ciriaco in the possession of Veriani near the Church San Lorenzo without the Wall That of Lucina in the Via Aurelia forth the Gate San Pancratio That of Aproniano in the Via Latina not far from the City where Santa Eugenia was buried That of San Felice the Pope a mile without Rome on the Via Aurelia adjoined to that of Calepodio That of Priscilla called also Marcello from the Pope Marcellus in the Via Vecchia three miles forth the City was dedicated by the said Pope Marcellus That of San Timoteo in the Via Ostiense is comprehended now in the Church of San Paulo That of Novella three miles off Rome in the Via Salaria That of Balbina between the Via Appia and Ardeatina near the Church of San Marco the Pope was named also San Marco from the said Popes name That of San Giulio the Pope in the Via Flaminia near the Church San Valentino without the Cities Walls This also may be seen in the Vineyard of the Heremitanes of St. Augustino That of San Giulio the Pope in the Via Aurelia That of San Giulio the Pope in the Via Portuense That of San Damaso between the Via Ardeatina and the Appia That of Sant Anastatio the Pope within the City in the Esquiline praecincts in the Bourg Orso near Santa Bibiana The Orso was near the Porta Taurina in the Via Tiburtina by the Palace of Licinus That of S. Hermete or Domitilla appointed by Pope Pelagius in the Via Ardeatina That of San Nicomede in the Via Ardeatina seaven miles off Rome That of San Agnese in the Via Nomentana That of S Felicita in the Via Salaria That of the Giordani where Alessandro was buried That of Santi Nereo and Archielo in the Via Ardeatina two miles forth the City That of S. Felice and Adauto in the Via Ostiense two miles without Rome That of Santi Tibuctio and Valeriano in the Labicana three miles without Rome That of Santi Pietro and Marcellino in the Via Labicana near the Church Santa Helena That of Santi Marco and Marcelliano in the Via Ardeatina That of S. Gianuario restored by Pope Gregory the 3d. That of Santa Petronilla adorned by Pope Gregorio That of Santa Agata à Girolo in the Via Aurelia That of Orso at Portenza The
Greek a second in Latin a third in Hebrew with their Dyet and four crowns a moneth but Paulus the fourth doubled the greek Salary and added two other Greek writers and one Latin to the one of which Greek writers and to the Latin he assigned five Crowns by the Moneth and two Sportule which is a certain Fee payed to the Pope or Saint Peter by every person that got the better in any suite in Law but to the other Greek he assigned two Sportule and four Crowns only He likewise ordained one Binder with provision of foure Crowns Lastly Marcello Corvino President of the Library instituted two Correctors and Revisors of the Latin Books between whom he divided the benefits accruing to the Presidents denying to retain them to himself as aforetold and gave two sportule to each being the four due to himself as president assigning a Salary of five Crowns to the one and four to the other and the tenth Crown which remained to him of the ten crowne by the Moneth assigned to the presidents he deputed that for him whom Paul the 4th had instituted for sweeper to whom the regalies were not granted The first Latin Correctors were Gabriel Faerno of Cremona Nicolo Maggiorano to whom Pius the 4th added a Greek Corrector giving to each of them ten Crowns of gold by the Moneth Of the Ceremony in kissing the feet of the Roman Bishop CHAP. XI Taken out of GIOSEFFO STEPHANO Bishop of ORIOLANO Wherein is shewed that for good reasons the Pope wears a Cross upon his Shoe or Slipper and the Christian People kiss his Feet AMong the many things the Popes had given them to bear and carry for ensignes of Glory and dignity by the Emperor Constantine the Great with which for long time together they have gone adorned ware a pair of Slippers made of the whitest linnen cloth for the Ornament of their Feet which Slippers we may name Pumpes for their being so apted to the Feet whereof we read an especial memorial in the Acts of San Silvestre for that the Emperor Constantine commanded that the Popes of Rome should cloth their Feet with the purest Linnen in imitation of the high Priests and antient Prophets who we read in the fifth Book of Herodian were thus vested And t is most certain that the Sandals or slippers of the Roman Bishop are alwaies bedecked with some singular Ornament differing from those which ordinary Bishops wear at the celebration of their Mass otherwise how could the blessed Antidius near Segeberto in Anno 418 distinguish the Pope by the slippers he had on nor could that have happened if those of the Pope had not had a peculiar Mark differing from those of the Bishops San Bernardo in his forty second Epistle declares that the slippers are a part of those Ensignes which the Popes are obliged to wear at the solemnizing of Mass. The same thing also is averred by Innocenzo III. in his first Book de Divinis Officiis in the 24th Chapter Ivo Cornatense in the 76th Epistle and in his speech de significatione Indumentorum Rabano in his first Book the 22d Chapter Durando in his third Book the 28th Chapter and many others And although rhe Roman High Priests antiently used this sort of Shooing with the whitest Linnen we must nevertheless confess that now the Custome is changed and in lieu thereof are worne a certain red sort of shooing with a cross wrought on them the occasion of which mutation may be attributed partly to the reverence of the People and partly to the consideration of the Popes Person Wherein will be manifested the humility of the Pope who knowing all Persons prone to the kissing of his Feet desired to have the sign of the Cross fixed thereon to the end that so much honour might be payed to the most holy sign of the Cross rather than to his own proper person And that his Holiness would also reduce into the minds of the faithfull which kiss his feet the passion and death of our Saviour With great Judgment then most honest intention and good end have they introduced this wearing the signe of the Cross upon the popes Sandals since that the kissing of the cross is an Act of the Reverence born to it used in the most holy Church antiently whose custom it was in that manner to reverence not only the holy Crosse but also the holy Images of Christ and of the Saints the Visage and heads of which Images the faithfull of old accustomed to approach in token of respect and honour as Niceforus in his seaventeenth Book the 25th Chapter recounts and Zonara in the third tome of the Life of Theodofilo The sublime Ensigne of the Romans made in manner of the Cross of the Saviour which was wont to be born before Constantine the Emperor and was adored by the Senate and the Souldiery is called Laboria perchance for that in Latine it signifies Labour to wit for that that blessed Ensigne put the Souldiers in good heart and remembrance when they were near toyled with fighting or for that they bore up that Ensign when they marched or els for that they mustred the Souldiers under that Banner to signifie to them the pains they must take under it as Paolo Diacono relates in the 11th of his History and Nicolo Prinio in the consults of the Burgari at the 7th Chap and 23. Paolino Nolano demonstrates very clearly in the 42d Epistle the Custome which was that the princes and great Lords kissed the Cross submitting to it all the Banners of their glory and worldly Majesty Nor have they born this Reverence to the Cross alone but also to all the Instruments of the Passion of our Lord as Sant Ambrosius in a discourse he makes of the death of Theodosius averreth touching one of the Nayls which was pierced through the Feet of our Saviour To come then to the other Head wherefore we judge it convenient the change of the white slippers or sandals for slippers or sandals with the Cross wrought on them we say that herein the Popes have endeavoured to demonstrate expresly the Image of the Apostolick charge because they havinng received a charge to teach to all the world and to preach the Gospel have likewise adorned their feet with the signe of peace and of the Gospel that so they may walk perfect through the World in vertue of the signe of the crosse Isaiah the Prophet saith thus Beautifull are the Feet of those who preach Peace and publish good tidings as if that forseeing this Usage he should wonder how the heads of the Christian People should find out so convenient an ornament to put upon their Feet so that the Nations beholding them should not only remain full of gladnesse for the good newes which they had heard from them but should also perceive a certain content for having seen them all beautifull all adorned and signalized to the very feet with the figure of the holy Cross. Because t is usual to
say that Charles the great was consecrated Emperor they also by it understand he was Crowned whence we may draw that the Coronation of the Pope had its rise in long since past times since that in the yeer 683. under Agathone the first and Benedict the second was raised the custome of giving moneys at the coronation of the Pope and of expecting the authority of the Emperor Eugenius the second was crowned the 22d of May in the yeer 824. Benedict in the yeer 855 Formosus the first in 891. But after Clement which happened in anno 1044. all succeeding Popes were crowned as Panuinus observes in such a manner as by it from that time forwards the Prophecy of Isaiah in the sixty first Chapter may be well known to be fulfilled where he saies as our English Translation renders it For he hath clothed me with the garments of Salvatio he hath covered me with the Robe of Righteousnesse as a Bridegroom decketh himself with ornaments The Italian saies they meaning the Priests are crowned as Bridegroom after that the Pope is elevated to this supremedignity he wears the garments of eternal peace and a Crown upon his head This is that Son of Eliachim spoken of from God by Isaiah the Prophet in the 22d Chapter to whom even at that time God promised the Robe the Crown and the Key as you may read in the 20. 21 22 23 and 24. verses of that Chapter and so forwards The Crown is an Ensigne of Empire the Robe is a signe of familiar government the which things are found in their excellency in our Pope So in the 14th Chapter of the Revelation of Saint John at the 14th verse t is said that Christ named the Son of man appeared sitting on a white cloud adorned with a golden Crown upon his head And in the 19th of the Revelations about the 11th verse t is said that the same Word of God appeared upon a white horse with many Regal Crowns upon his head and all his Friends as may be read in the subsequent verses For this occasion principally were these significations by Crowns to wit that Christ through his Wisdom signified by the figure of a Crown of Gold hath obtained victory over all Creatures and subjected them to his Dominion So likewise the Roman Bishop who is ouer all Nations who hath brought all the People under his authority by the consignation and power of God deservedly puts on the covering of his head three Crowns thereby demonstrating that in glory Authority and great works he surpasseth all the other Kings and Princes of the world After so many fore-passed Popes Paulus the second created in the yeer 8465. of the noble Venetian Family Barbi as he was of a fair aspect and great Spirit so he took great care to adorn the papal Mitre with pretious Jewels and curious workmanship Lastly let us advertise the Reader that in those breifs written by Caesar Costni in the third chapter of the first book of his various doubts deceives himself where he would maintain that the Popes bearing a Mitre with three Crowns proceeds from those mysterious significations by him alleaged when indeed there is no necessity of them and let thus much suffice Of the holy yeer of Jubile which is celebrated in ROME every twenty fifth year The Narration of P. M. GIROLAMO da CAPUGNANO of the preaching Order Extracted from the Book of the Holy Yeer CHAP. XII GOD granted to the Jewes divine benefits indeed whereupon afterwards that Nation boasted saying That his divine Majesty had not treated other People after that manner But those graces which the Church our Mother hath received from the goodness of God do far surpass and exceed the Benefits bestowed upon the Hebrew People For that the Lord that she might be clean and adorned in his sight gave the blood of his only Son to wash her and the Treasure of his Wisdome to beautifie her Among the other benefits conferred on the Hebrew Synagogue that of the yeer of Jubile was most excellent called most holy for that it was the yeer of remission and of the commencement of all things which the Omnipotent God ordained to be from 50 to 50 yeers The like grace being due to our Church the Spouse of Christ though with a different end for that the Synagogue attended only to temporal affairs and the holy Church to spirituals singly by divine disposition she thought convenient to ordain also the yeer of Jubile though at first only from 100. yeers to 100. yeers perhaps to draw to good use the antient diabolick custom of the celebration of the secular Games which to this end were celebrated every hundredth yeer in Rome with a preceding general invitation from Cryers who proclaimed through the streets come to the games the which none ever saw since nor shall again which drew into the City of Rome infinite People of all Nations for the service of the devil And all those Nations since the institution of the yeer of Jubile render themselves at Rome though with much better reason viz. to serve the true God for the salvation of their own souls nor ought our pains seem strange to any for what is said concerning the mutation of evil into good because that not only in this but in divers other occasions the holy Church hath had this aime to consecrate that to God which the foolish generations had before time dedicated to Satan as may be seen in divers Temples of Rome now dedicated to the true Lord and his Saints which were formerly the Temples of Idols used for the distribution of candles and to make their Feasts as in San Pietro in Vincola the first of August the first of those ceremonies was made in Rome in honour of Februa by the Romans taken for a Goddess the other in memory of the triumph of Augustus Caesar. We find that Boniface the 9th in the yeer 1300. published the yeer of Jubile by his Bull wherein he declares as a Restorer rather then an Inventor or institutor of this yeer And t is no wonder that we find no firm testimony of its institution before that time because the Church hath had so many persecutions and so great toiles that t is a miracle that any antient Memorials are preserved rather then a wonder that some are lost At that time then the Pope in writing divulged this yeer conceding entire and plenary remission of offences and punishments every hundredth yeer which number of Centum one hundred bears also a certain sense of returning to good from evil as is fully proved by Girolamus and Beda principal Ecclesiastical writers Clement the sixth at the Instance of the Romans reduced Jubile to every fiftieth yeer chiefly for that the life of man is so short that very few arrive to one hundred yeers and for that in the number quinqua ginta fifty are contained many mysteries pertinent to the Christian Religion but principally it signifies remission and pardon the proper effect of
the Jubile Moreover the Jewish synagogue had its Jubile every 50. yeers so that if for no other reason at leastwise that the Synagogue might not appear richer then the Church t was fit that she should likewise have a Jubile every fifty yeers Urban the sixth reduced it to thirty three yeers for the increase of the Church treasure afterwards to be disposed of by Saint Peter and his successors on the like occasions But last of all Paul the second reduced it to every 25th yeer and so Sixtus the fourth his successor observed it as in like manner have all following Popes done Tââ¦e which we must believe was made for many considerations and chiefly for these for that the world as it grows old becomes worse both in quantity and quality of Life so that through the thousand dangers which alwaies threaten life and through the infinite Sins wherein many Creatures are involved it hath appeared good to reduce the time of Remission to a shorter time whereby to offer frequent invitations to all to accept the spiritual Medicine of Redemption of so great vertue and to fly the works of iniquity As to what appertains to the name t is to be observed that it may be called in Latin Jobileus Iobileus of which the last is least used notwithstanding that by the vulgar t is more frequently called Giubileo than otherwise This word is not derived from Giubilo which signifies Mirth and content although in truth it ought to be a yeer of rejoycing but from the hebrew word Jobel wich is as much as to say a Trumpet or Sacbut for that the Israelites the seventh month before the fiftieth yeer used to proclaim the yeer of Jubile with the sound of Trumpets furt hermore the Hebrew word Jobel also signifies remission and beginning the proper actions for the yeer of Jubile for then the Jews remitted all debts and returned all things to their first state The Pope cannot concede greater indulgences then those which are granted in the yeer of Jubile for then they open the treasury of the Church and bestow on every one as much as is absolutely necessary for him pardoning to him sins and penances as well imposed as not imposed freeing of him wholly and absolutely from purgatory yea although he should have forgotteÌ his mortal sins in his confession or that he should not have confessed the Venial sins for t is not of necessity to make coÌfession of Venial sins although such must suffer pains in purgatory for them if they be not in some way cancelled in this world in such manner that the soul that in that time shall part from the body doth instantly fly to enjoyment of the selicity of Paradise Our Jubile hath certain ââ¦imilitudes with that of the Jewes for that they proclaimed the yeer before so do we ours That they published in the Piazzaââ¦s we ours in the Churches that they with Trumpets we ours with the voice of the Preachers In that they left the Land unmanured ours by the merits of Christ and his Saints supplies our Labour in that Servants became free in ours we acquire spiritual liberty with pardon of sins and penances in that they redeemed their Credits in ours we receive pardon for our offences in that sould possessions returned to their first Patrons in ours our crimes being cancelled the power and virtue of the soul is viviââ¦ied in that banished persons returned to their Countrey and in ours who departs this life immediately ascends to the heavenly Countrey Boniface the eighth opened the doors of the Church Vaticano and bestowed most ample indulgences of all sins Clement the sixth added the doors of the Church Lateranense ordaining as is above declared Paulus the second afterwards added Santa Maria Maggiore and San Paolo in the Via Ostiense for visitation Gregory the 13th in anno 1575. ordained that who would participate the grace of the Jubile should first communicate in the yeer of Jubile allplenary indulgences are understood to be suspended with certain mutations of words of which the Authors treating on the Jubile speak to that purpose The Hebrews proclaimed their Jubile the 10th day of the seaventh moneth of the forty and ninth yeer Ours we publish on Ascention day in the yeer preceding the twenty fifth yeer upon two pulpits in the Church San Pietro reading the Popes Bull in Latin and the vulgar We begin our Jubile on the Vigil of the birth day of our Lord in the evening when the Pope with great solemnity opens the door of the Church San Pietro which at all other times stands continually walled up and he causeth the Lords Cardinals at the same time in the same manner to open the doors of the other deputed Churches all which doors the yeer ended are again shut up In the holy yeer that is to say the Jubile resort so great concourse of People from all Countreys to Rome that historians write that at the time of the Jubile of Pope Boniface Rome was so full of people that one could hardly pass in the City though so great and in the yeer 1505. the feet of Gregory the thirteenth in one morning were kissed by thirteen thousand persons Clement the 8th in anno 1600. would needs wash the feet of divers Prelates and other poor strangers come to the Jubile and the most illustrious Cardinals among which were Montalto and Farnese expressed great charity and humility to poor pilgrims That t is convenient to celebrate the Jubile in Rome rather then any other City is maintained by pregnant reasons Rome is the most worthy and noble of all other Cities and we therefore understand when we name Citta or City without any other appellation that it must be Rome She hath had the Empire is the head the Mistris and a compendium of the World She is full of Riches hath beauty in her Scite her Country fertility of soyl great comodiousness from the Navigation of the Tyber and the proximity of the Sea She is the common Countrey of all and in her are of all Nations and every people may there find a proper Church for their own Nation as in deed most Countreys have There Religion flourisheth more than elsewhere as appears by the infinite Priests and Fryers which there at leastwise in their diuine duties if not continually praise the Lord and pray for all There the Churches are much visited the Poor releived the virgins married and many other pious works performed worthy of perpetual memory She is a City of singular sanctity and in her are placed the most noted things appertaining to our Religion as the Manger wherein our Lord was layed at his birth the swaââ¦ling clothes the Cradle the garment the Coronation Robe the Crown of thorns the Nailes the Iron of the Launce the eross and the Title of Christ. In it are bodies of Apostles of Martyrs of Confessors of Virgins and infinite Reliques of Saints She is the seat of the Pope who is Prince of the Church Vicar of
expence and for the beauty of the structures of all sorts for that the Governors of the Emperor Charls the 5th and after them of Philip King of Spain of later yeers Presidents or Viceroyes in the Kingdome of Naples have wonderfully enlarged and forti fied her with a new wall bul wark Ditches Towers Castles in so much that she is now almost invincible She is furthermore full of regard for the many and magnificent Churches Colledges Courts Palaces of Princes and other great Men as also for many old reliques of antient houses Epitaphs Statues Sepulchres Collumns Altars Marbles with most artificial and fair engravings and other things which to recite would take up too much Room here Among the rest any one may meet contentin the grand ruines of the Quadrate Temple of Castori which though the fire hath consumed for the most part yet appears before it a part of a most beautifull porticue with six prime Pillars of Marble with their cornishes yet a foot of Corinthian architecture wonderfull for their vastness and the art they are wrought with they have for Capitols some Cesti Iron Clubs used among the Graecian wrestlers to which were tyed with leather straps or dryed Sinews balls or bullets of lead which in theit Olimpick games they use to hurl or cast which with the Foliage and revolts represent a becoming covering and on the Frise to which the Rafters are fixed may be read a greek inscription which clearly manifests that this was the Temple of the Castori and that the Greek language was in use among the Neapolitans when the Roman Empire flourished which is also confirmed by the characters by the vast expence of the whole work by the exquisit perfectioÌ of the art in the Tiââ¦pano or triangular Frontispiece of the roof upon these Collumnes were carved many images of the Gods which the Flames and Age have for the most part consumed On the Tresââ¦el was figured an Apollo on one the other side of it lies Earth and Water in the form they are usually figured that is in form of a body half raised up half lying along naked to the Navil Earth hath the right hand holding in its left the horn of the Copia the rest cannot be discerned being too much broken and ruinated The Churches of our Religion are there in excellent order and rich as well as many and so well placed as pleasant flowers for beautifying a Garden For example the Church of S. Chiara enjoying a great and fair monastery was very magnificently built by Santia the Spanish Queen and wife of King Roberto who by others is named Agnese which the antient Kings of the noble house of Dââ¦razzo have made famous with their sumptuous Tombes and in San Domenico is the Sepulchre of Alfonso the first and of many other Kings Queens and Princes and what is more important the Image of that Crucifix which spake unto San Tomaso d'Aquino these words Tomaso tu hai scritto bene di me Thomas thou hast written well of me and that of Oliveto so also in other Churches you may see many proud depositories and memorials of the Kings of Spain of the Heroes and other Princes with statues of Marble as if natural In the Church of San Giovanni dalla Car boniera is the Sepulchre of King Roberto whose praises were writ by all learned men among the rest by Petrarcha and Boccaccio In that of S. Maria Nova lye interred the bones of Odetto Foix named Lotrecce and of Pietro Namarro of Consalvo Ferrando Cordovese and in the most religious Tabernace of San Giannuacio are preserved many holy reliques of Saints Where once in the yeer at least they shew one by one all those worthy objects as bones of Saints and other Reliques enclosed in gold and Silver with pretious stones with the pretious gifts bestowed by Kings and Princes and other things Among which with great reverence is the head of S. Gianuario Bishop of Pozzuolo the Martyr and his bloud stil remaining in a glass vial though dryed and become hard through time which vial when brought to the Altar is set near the head of the Martyr on the Corner of the Chorus and the blood to admiration begins to become liquid and to boyl as new wine in the must as hath been annually observed and seen by all not without great stupour Thence you go to the Annunciata a Church famous through the great devotion there exercised and rich through the many offerings made to it as also for many reliques of Saints of importance among others two small bodies of a foot and half long yet entire covered with the skins of innocent Children slain by Herode the King at the time our Saviour was born in Bethlehem the wound of one is in the head the other in the breast Contiguous with which lies an hospital built like a spatious Castle wherein are maintained as their condition age and health require two thousand souls therein are also brought up children of the poorer sort more than eight hundred between orphane and exposed infants as well males as females instructed in letters and art according to their inclination till they become great 'T is a pleasure to see and observe their several diligent exercises and works and this custome of Christian Charity is certainly very comodious which as Corona Pighius observes resembles Platoes Republique in part and imitates that Economical government of the Apes described by Xenefonte and by Virgil the Prince of Poets described and de painted so well to the similitude of Platoes City Castle Nuovo the name is new although built more then 300 yeers since by the Brother of San Lodovico King of France who was Charls the first King of Naples and Count of Anjou to the end he might thence aid the City and the Port against the maritimate inroads of enemies Alfonsus the first of this name King of the Arragonians restored it within our memory after he had expelled the French and subdued the Kingdom and so well fortifyed it that t is now held one of the strongest Forts of Italy more especially since the last Kings the Emperor Charls the 5th and Philip his Son compleatly furnished it and all the other Forts of this City with victuals good souldiers and all other necessaries and engines of war to keep off the Enemy In the midst of this large Castle stands the pompous Palace of the governors furnished with royal and most lovely houshold-stuff wherein the King or Emperor may find a comodious receipt for all his Court strangers are astonisht at the engines of war the Artillery the great quantity of Iron Bullets the murrions inlayed with gold and Silver the Shields the swords the Launces and the other preparation for war there continually preserved and that admiration becomes much lessened at the view of the said palace so richly laden with tapistry of silk interwoven with Jewels and gold the engraving the statues pictures and the other noble furniture Thence
possession of that Kingdom with divers fortunes till at length the Arragonians were wholly driven out of the Kingdome of Naples by Charls the VIII But the Arragonians at last regained the possession by the prowesse of Consalvo Ferrando the great Captain who drove out the French for Ferrando the Catholick King of Spain from whom the Kingdomes of Sicilia and Naples passed by an hereditary succession to Charles the 5th Emperor and from him it descended to Philip the second who left it to his Son Philip the third Catholick King who now injoyes them in quiet possession A Description of the Island of MALTA BEtween Sicilia and the River of the one and t'other shore of Barbary are fixed the two Islands Melita or Malta and Gaulo or Gozo the one distant from the other five miles but eloigned from Pachino or Capo Passero a Promontory of Sicilia which they look towards one hundred miles and from Africa one hundred and ninety miles Malta is 60. miles in circumference being all as it were a plain though somewhat Rocky and exposed to the windes it hath many and secure Ports but towards the North t is wholly deprived of fresh waters but on the western parts are excellent Currance and it produceth most fruitfull trees Where t is broadest t is 12 miles over and in the longest part 20 miles and in all those seas is there not one Island so great distance from the firm Land as this is In more then six places towards Sicilia t is hollowed and hath Ports as it were formed by the Sea of Sicilia for receipt of its Pyrates or Rovers on the Sea but towards Tripolis t is all full of Cliffes and Rocks affording no mannor of Harbour T is called Melita in Latine from the Bees which in Greek are called Melitte for that the abundance and goodnesse of Flowers causeth in this Isle the production of the most excellent hony but of late by corruption of the word we call it Malta At its first habituation it yielded obedience to King Battus famous for his riches and for the friendship and hospitality of Dido whence afterwards it obeyed the Carthaginians Whereof the many Collumnes placed up and down the Countrey engraven with antient Carthaginian Characters farr different from the Hebrean give sufficient testimony But at the same time when Sicilia was reduced to the Romans it also rendered it self and was therefore governed by the same Laws and the same Praetor as Sicilia was Wherewith also coming afterwards into the power of the Saracens it finally with Gozo in the yeer 1090. was possessed by Ruggieri Normanno Count of Sicilia till at length it obeyed the Christian Princes The Ayr over all the Island is most healthfull but chiefly to them that inure themselves to it It hath Fountains and Orchards copiously replenished with Date Trees and its soyle every where produceth plentifully all sorts of Grain and Corn Flax Cotton Wool Cummin seeds and abundance of Roses eminently sweet favoured here also they have a kind of little neat white Dogs which from their long hair we call shocks of much delight to the people The Earth is sowed all the year with little husbandry and they reap two harvests and the trees likewise bear fruit twice in the yeer In the winter every thing is green and flourisheth and in the summer is burnt up with heat howbeit a certain Dew falls which exceedingly nourisheth the Corn. At the head of a long and strait point almost opposite to the Capo Passero or Pachino in Sicilia is erected the Fortezza of Sant Ermo but on the right hand towards Sicilia are some other points and between them and Sant Ermo is a Channel of water upon one of which points is the Castle Sant Angelo and the other the Fortezza of San Michael with their Bourges between the one and the other of which lie the shipâ⦠Galleys in a Channel which is locked at the utmost points with a vast Iron Chain Eight miles off which place up the Land stands the City called Malta famoused by the Reliques of very noble Edifices and by the antient dignity of a Bishoprick This Isle hath a Prââ¦montory whereon was built a most antient and noble Temple dedicated to Juno and held in great reverence and another on the South to Hercules whereof at this day huge ruines appear at the Port Euro The men of this Island are brown complexioned and their genius more approaches that of the Sicilians then any other The women are beautifull enough but fly company goe obscured abroad are kept close at home yet following the same manner of life as the Sicilians and speaking a language more like and near the Carthaginian then any other language The people are generally religious and particularly pay a great devotion to Saint Paul to whom this Island is dedicated for that here he by chance fell into the Sea and was here entertained with great humanity and on that shore where he fell in is built a venerable Chapel for their respect to whom they believe no noysome nor venemous Creature can grow or live on this Island And from the Grotto where that Saint stood are stones by many plucked away and carryed through Italy called the Gratia of Saint Paul to healthe bitings of Scorpions and Serpents In our Age this Island had and hath great splendour for its Devotion and the religious order of the Knights of Sant Giovanni or John of Jerusalem the which having lost Rhodes taken from them in the yeer 1522. by Soliman the magnificent the great Tnrk had this Island given them by Charles the 5th Emperour where they have built the aforenamed Castles and Forts that they may there reside with perpetual security In the yeer 1565. they valiantly defended the same against a most potent Armada which the same Soliman sent thither to conquer the Island and to drive out those Knights which in time to come will not contribute lesse glory to Malta then that which they reaped in times past from the general Council which under Pope Innocent the first was there celebrated by 214. Bishops against Pelagius the Heretike among others there met Saint Austine and Sylvano Bishop of Malta Soliman sent to this Attempt an Armada a Fleet of 200 sayls under the command oâ⦠Piali Bassa General of the Sea a man both valiant and judicious and of Mustapha the Bassa General of the Land a man very crafty and much experienc't in warlike affairs who having disembarked and landed their Army on the 18. of May besieged and battered the Castle Sant Ermo and after many contests and attempts having beat down that wall flat to the Earth on the 23d of June became Masters of the Fort and put all the defendors to the Sword and cut them to pieces There dyed then on the Turks part Dragut ââ¦ais the famous Pyrat being wounded under the ear by the blow of a stone Then they turned their force upon the two other Fortezza's of Sant Michael and Saint Angelo They planted a fierce battery against San Michael which levelled the walls with the bank of the Fosse or Ditch by their falling therein but in many and many assaults which they gave to the Castle they were alwaies valiantly repelled by the Horse Giovanni Valetta a French man the then great Master a man of singular valour and prudence not failing in any thing of conduct or necessary provision that might merit the esteem of an excellent Commander At last Don Garcia de Toledo having selected sixty of the most nimble and polite galleys out of those of the King of Spain and furnished them with nine thousand six hundred Souldiers between Spaniards and Italians advanced to land them securely on the Island Which the Turks understanding forthwith imbarqued their Artillery and advanced with 8000 Souldiers to view the Christian Army who fell upon them with such ardour and fury that they immediately most basely run away and got into their Galleys leaving 1800 dead having killed but only four on the Christians side And in this manner were the Turks constrained to abandon the Island to their ââ¦oul shame and confusion and the great honour of Almighty God whose hand strengthning this small number clearly demonstrated that by his favour the valour of a few can oppose the violence of many VERSES composed on the Cities of ITALY translated out of the ITALIAN FOR Pompe and Pietie old Rome is fam'd Venice is rich the Sage and Lordly nam'd Naples is noble and of pleasant air Florence through all the world reputed fair Milan doth of her Grandeur justly boast Bologna'sââ¦att ââ¦att Ferrara civil most Padoua Learned subtile Bergamo And Genoua's Pride her stately buildings show Worthy Verona bloudy Perugia Brescia well-armed and glorious Mantoua Rimini good Pistââ¦ia barbarous Babling Siena Lucca industrious Forli phantastick kind Ravenna's styld Singalia with nauseous air is fill'd Pisa is pendent ãâã Capua Pesaro flowry and as all men say Ancona far from a good Poââ¦t doth sââ¦ray Urbin in her fidelity is strong Ascoli round and Recanate long Foligno's candied streets most pleasant are The Ladies of Fano so smooth and fair That said they are from Heaven sent to be But Modena more happy is then shee FINIS 1199. Sholes Muran St. Georgio Zuecca Lizafusina Edmond Walââ¦er Espuire Polverara Adria Euganei Monselice Estè Lendinrâ⦠Rovigo Peredeo Campo Martio St. Michael Monte forte Scala Sanzen Peschiero Desensano Paltena Pulicella Bardolino Gardo Caldo. Sirmione Domo Santa Juliia Lonato Asola Oglio Reato Valcamonica Isseo Brenna Troppia Cardone Del Sole Caravaggio Cassina Soncino Crema Lodi Malpaga Vale Serina Brombana San Martino Calepio Chiusontio Manca Como Como Bersalina Belasio Monza Somasca Martosana Ro Angiera Novarra Mortara Valese Adda Pusterlengo St. Antonio Bobio Arquato Fidenti St. Donnino Colorno Bergo Bardo Aquario Vignola Carpi Panaro Novantola Agata Forcelli Rââ¦ssi Colossina Panico Vergata Bââ¦aghi Porretta Poggio Bââ¦trio Rièardina Guelfo Quaterna San Pietro Dozza Pianora Scarao Scarperia Pratolinâ⦠Fiesole Mugello Lucca Poggibonzi Mount Olivet Radicofano Pienza Chiuse Monte Pulciano Grossetto Bolsena Tevere Soana Castro Orbello Tuscanello Cornetto Horti Viterbo Canepina Lagâ⦠Vico Sutri Cività Rofolo Cremera Piadena Gazuolo St. Benedict Stapylton 33 feet denote yeers 6 fin gers 6 months
brought in the head of Saint Iohn Baptist to her Mother In the same Church lies the body of S. Siri or rather Sylus the third Bishop of this City under the high altar with this Epitaph Hic recubat Sylus sacro baptismate dictus Cujus terra levis Florida menbra premi wherewith this Book concludes the end of the first Book THE HISTORY OF ITALY BEING A Compendious DESCRIPTION OF ROME THE Mistress of the WORLD with an Account of all particulars therein worth Observation as well Divine as Humane The Second PART Ammianus Marcellinus in the 14th Book of his History speaks after this manner of ROME T is not a little wonder that Virtue and Fortune whom the world conclude almost at perpetual discord should accord together in that instant of time when Rome for its agrandizing had so much need of their united force By which their conjoyned strengths Rome augmented her Empire to that Greatness that she subjugated the whole World T is worth considering the Paralell between her and a Childe Who in its first Infancy creeps when she began to be built and peopled then it acquires vigour strength for Adolescential Exercises so she then warred only with her neighbours but when arrived to more full strength is employed in Manly disputes So she when arived to be 300. yeers old and increased both in vigour and People began to pass Mountains and Seas pursuing Warr into the farthest Countreys where she obtained and brought home innumerable Victories and Triumphs from the Barbarous and wilde Nations In the end having made infinite noble Attempts and acquired whatever upon Earth through Valour was to be obtained as t were arrived to mature Age she begun to acquiesce whereby the better to enjoy those good benefits and Advantages which she had then provided for Comitting the Troubles of Government to the Emperors as to her Natural Children for her better and more pleasing repose At which time although the People participated of that publique Ease and Profit and the Souldiery moved not for her further advancement yet such was the Care of her Greatness that the Roman Majesty was no less Reverenced than feared Virgil in praise of Rome wrote these Verses Ipse Lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus Romulus Assaraci quem sanguinis Ilia Mater Eduxit genti Mavortia condidit olim Maenia Romanosque suo de nomine dixit Illius auspiciis rerum pulcherrima Roma Imperium terris animos aequavit Olimpo Septemque una sibi muro circumdedit Arces Felix prole virûm qualis Berecinthia Mater Invehitur curru Phrygias turrita per Urbes Laeta Deûm partu centum complexa ne potes Omnes caelicolas omnes supera alta tenentes Hanc olim Indiginae Fauni Nimphaeque tenebant Gensque virûm truncis duro robore nata Quae duo disjectis tenuerunt oppida muris Hanc Ianus pater hanc Saturnus condidit Urbem Ianiculum Huic illi fuerat Saturnia nomen And Ovid surnamed Naso composed these of Rome Crescendo formam mutavit Martia Roma Appenini genae quae proxima Tibridis undis Mole sub ingenti posuit fundamina rerum Quanta nec est nec erit nec visa prioribus annis Hanc alii proceres per saecula longa potentem Sed dominam rerum de Sanguine natus Iuli Effecit quo quum tellus fuit usa fruuntur AEthereae sedes caelumque ââ¦it exitus illi Who saith also in another place Hîc ubi nunc Roma est olim fuit arduasylva Tan taque res paââ¦cis pascua bobus erat In another Gentibus est aliis tellus data limite certo Romanae spatium est urbis orbis idem Divers other testimonies and Declarations of the Magnificence of Rome were writ by Ausonius Claudianus Rutilius Numantianus old Authors and by Iulius Caesar Scaliger Faustus Sabeus a Brescian and other modern writers which for brevity sake are here omitted but without comitting an unpardonable fault we must not leave out these elegant verses of Marcus Antonius Flaminius viz. Antiquum revocat decus Divûm Roma domus caput Urbium Vertex nobilis Imper I Mater magnanimûm Roma Quiritium Fortunata per Oppida Cornu fundit opes ââ¦opia divite Virtuti suus est honos Et legum timor prisca redit fides Nor these of M. Valerius Martialis Terrarum Dea gentiumque Roma Cui par est nihil nihil secundum The praise of ROME written by STEFANO PIGHIO ROME the Glorious is replenisht with stupendious Structures as well publique appertaining to the Popes as private belonging to Cardinals and Princes who at this time frequent that City The Gardens behind the Vatican called Belvedere from their beauty and pleasantness are no less estimable In which Pope Sistus quartus erected a noble Palace without regard to his expence soe it might be excellently carved painted guilt and embellish't with rare figures thereby to make it a Kingly Receptacle for entertainment of such eminent Princes and Lords as should repair to Rome Before the Front of that Pallace where the Pope resides is a most stately Porticue composed in the form of a Theater raised some steps above the Earth and garnished with many marble Statues and on the western part is another Porticue which stands between the one and the other Palace Belveder being near the Popes Palace and will be when finish't according to the design a most stately Piece and of great value But of greater wonder are those footsteps and marks of old Rome which seem rather the works of Gyants than of ordinary men although compared to what t was much inferiour by the great fallings and decayes of Towers and Walls in divers places where stood formerly publique Edifices Martial in most elegant Verse sets the Theater of Titus Vespacian before the seaven wonders of the World and not unworthily since to this day it creates admiration in all judicious Men by its prodigious Structure Who admires not the Pantheon or the Circalean Dioclesian and Constantinian Baths which Fabricks are built with rare art and so great that they seem Castles and Towns Or the vast number of Arches Triumphals Collumns Sculptures of whole Armies figured to the Life Pyramids and Obelisks of so vast bigness that who would transport one of them must build a ship large and strong enough to float and sail laden with a Mountain What shall we say of the great entire Statues of the Castori on Horseback of the great bodies of Rivers prostrate on the ground of so many brass Statues and Vessels capacious to bath in or of those Marble Tablets and Pillars with hundreds of other excellencies Each of which are worthy of and would fill up a particular volume if worthily described The Gardens of Belvedere contain some Statues of white Marble far bigger than the body of a Man as of Apollo of Hercules of Venus of Mercury of the Genius of the Prince thought by some to be of Anthony of Adrian the