things and little stones A great kenning south southeast from the Staert it is deep 40 fathom the ground red sandy clay with pits in the tallow Southwest eleven or thirteen leagues from the Steart Steart in fifty fathom the ground is white and yellow small shelly sand with some pieces of white shels with gray and crumpeld and alsoo glistering little things like needles In fine he that soundeth much getteth many divers sorts of grounds and sometimes great change in little distance of place But he that soundeth findeth white shels with little things like strawes and needles it is certaine that he is nearest to Ushant but if he finde brandy ground or blacke little stones mingled with white little things then is he nearest to Silly Hee that soundeth thwart of Ushant Marks of Ushant Silly and findeth small white sand and little shels and small little things oasie and white Ushant shall then lye north east from him If he finde long small little things like needles then shall Ushant lye southeast from him But if he be not sure of these grounds then he shall beare to the northwards And if he finde deeper water then he is towards the Seams but if hee finde it shoaly then he is in the entring of the Channell to the northwards of Ushant If he be between Ushant and the Seams in 70 fathom he shall finde the ground to be small little stones like black sand of the earth or else if he finde the ground to be great red sand then he must stand to the northwards untill that he finde the white sandy ground and long small things then he may hold himself certaine to be in the entring of the channell From the Lands-end of England to the C. of Cornwall the coast lieth north about 5 leagues but Silly and the foresayd Cape lie southwest and northeast distant about 9 leagues By the Cape lieth a little Island or Rock called Bresam I. Bresam betwixt it and the Cape men may sayle thorough From the Cape of Cornwall unto the little Towne Saint Yves S. Yves lieth the coast about east and by north and east northeast five or sixe leagues Saint Yves lieth upon the west poynt of a great Bay which is about two leagues broad At the East poynt of the Bay lieth a little Island there lieth off from it a great ledge of rocks a great halfe league thwart off into sea where of many of them come at halfe ebbe above water therefore he that commeth off from the Cape of Cornwall and will sayle alongst the coast towards Stoupert or Padstow must keepe off thwart of this ledge at least a great league from the shoare because of the foresayd rocks Betwixt that foresayd little Island at the east poynt of the Bay the maine land it is also at many places rocky and foule soo that one that is not there very well acquainted may not sayle through there without great danger In the Bay of Saint Yves is on both sides good sandy ground where men may anchor all over and come soo neare the shoares as they will At the West side of the Bay at the Towne is a head where small shippes and Barkes doe goe in within it and lye there succoured for northerly windes but great ships may not doe soo they must anchor without in six or seven fathom From Saint Yves to Hartland poynt the course is northeast seventeen or 18 leagues betwixt them both about halfe wa lyeth the poynt of Stoupert to the eastwards of it lyeth Padstow Stroupert Padstow in a Bay where is a very good road in seven or eight fathom At the west side of that poynt lyeth a suncken Rock under water and upon the poynt a great high rock to the westwards of that poynt towards Saint Yves are many white sandy and chalky bayes alongst the shoare whereby the coast there is very easy to beknowne Hartland poynt Hartland poynt is a poynt that lyeth out foure leagues north from it lyeth the Island Londey which is somewhat a long Island it lyeth most north and by west and south and by east At the east side of that Island men may ride for Westerly windes in 14 and 15 fathom but on the west side the ground is foule Foure leagues to the eastwards of Hartland poynt eastsoutheast from the south end of Londey lyeth the sound of Biddeford Biddeford being a broad haven where many ships doe sayle in and out A little within the mouth of the haven it divideth it selfe into two rivers upon the westermost on the starboard side lyeth Biddeford and upon the eastermost on the larboard side lieth a town called Barnestable Barnstable From the poynt to the northwards of Biddeford Haven unto Ilfercombe the course is e. n.e foure leagues that is a haven where remaineth at low water 3 or foure fathom deepe Before the haven is also good roade in 8 or 9 fathom at halfe flood Eleven or 12 leagues to the eastwards of Ilfercombe Ilfercombe lie two little Islands about two leagues north south one from the other called the Holmes the northermost is called the Flatholm and the southermost the Steepholm Flatholm Steepholm betwixt Ilfercomb the Holms somewhat nearer the Holms then Ilfercomb lieth a little towne called Mynehead where many ships do lade In the fareway betwixt Ilfercomb the Holmes on the English side on the one side and the bankes on the Welsh side on the other side in the middest of the channell it is deepe 30. 25. 20. 18. 16. and 15 fathom the nearer the Holmes the shoaler water When men come from the westwards within the Island Londey then they may see the Land on both sides to wit of England and Wales The English coast even from the C. of Cornwall to the Holmes is altogether cleane but the coast of Wales is most all foule and shoaly from the Island Caldy unto Bristow with many bankes sands and riffes that lye off The Holmes and the Island Londey lye west southwest and east northeast distant 19 leagues He that will sayle from Londey to Bristow must run alongst by the English coast untill that he come within the poynt of the Naes for to avoyd Naes-sand and then forth alongst through betweene the Holmes leaving the Steepholme on starboard and Flatholme on the larboard side Men may alsoo with little ships of small draught sayle about to the southwards of the Steepholme but it is there so shoaly that there remaineth at low water no more then two fathom water Under Steepholm Roâ—d under â—â—eepholâ— men may anchor where they will in foure or five fathom He that commeth off from the Naes and is bound to Bristow must stand over to the Steepholme and run alongst to the northwards of it It lyeth from the Naes eastsoutheast about seven leagues For to sayle through between the Holms For to sail through between the Holms the
upon your lead by it there is at high water three fathom and at low water no more then one fathom The Rettires is a stony bancke lying in the middest of the River of Seine lying over towards the poynt of Honfleur at low water it falleth at some places drie at halfe flood it is to the southwards three fathom but to the northwards 2 fathom deep When the land of Caen is without the poynt of Seynhead and you sayle then with it south on then you runne to the westwards of it or alongst without it Or else if you keepe Struysaert a handspikes length without the poynt of Seynhead then you runne alsoo without it When the easter gate of New-haven commeth over the easter head and the easter mill sayle then so on keeping them so then you runne in right to the northwards of the Rettires and alsoo you can take no hurt of the banck that lyeth towards Seynhead At Habell or New-Haven men must goe in at a high water and within lye everie tyde drie The river of Seine must be sayled into upon the tide when the most or the strongest of the flood is spent then you may sayle alongst by the land upon your lead untill yo may see in open into the river of New-haven when then the souther Castle commeth over the easter-head and the mill run then right in upon it but it is best to anchor halfe wayes betwixt the Castle and Seynhead and there to stay for a Pilot If there come none off then sayle from thence right with the Castle that standeth upon the head there it is deepest water To sayle from New-haven upwards towards Roan is not well to be done without a Pilot you must goe with the tyde through the first travaille or banckes which lie from New-haven to Honfleur s east alongst by the souther-land and from thence alongst the north side of the River to Quillebeuf being come there you are through the first travaille You must alsoo bee well advised and take good heed for the strong spring by the Normans called La Barre which everie tyde commeth on soo strong with the flood that anchors and Cables have enough to doe to hold a ship For that and other dangers more it is not good nor convenient to sayle up the River without a Pilot. Two great leagues to the southwards of the River of Roan lyeth a Tyde-Haven called Tochet Tochet on the west side of the entry standeth a beacon by it you must goe in or you may sound it in by the Eastershoare Southwest or southwest and by south from the poynt of Seynhead about six or seven leagues off lye many banckes a good wayes in sea you may sayle on both sides of them as well to the eastwards as to the westwards into the Fosse of Caen Fosse of Caen. which lyeth in most south and lyeth in a Baye At the west side lyeth a chindle where men may ride within it it is wyde and broade and sandy strand the East land is sand-hills and farre flat in sixe seven fathom there men may goe in sounding with the sounding Pole From Seynhead to Cape de Barfleur or Cape de Schierborough Cape Schierborough the course is West and by north nineteene leagues About foure leagues to the eastwards of it lye the Islands of Saint Marques men may sayle round about them but it is not there very cleane A league to the westwards of the Island of Saint Marcus lyeth La Honge S. Marcus La Honge a flat Tower to the westwards of it lyeth the poynt of Barfleur betwixt both is a great baye where men may lye in six or seven fathom land-lockt for a n. n. west winde A northeast winde bloweth there open in From the north-poynt or C. de Barfleur which lyeth northnorthwest from you Suncken-rock when you lye in the road lieth off a banck or little riffe yet a shippe may go over it Northeast a league and a half off from the foresayd poynt lyeth a rock under water where shippes may not goe over From C de Barfleur to Schierborough it is northwest and by west foure leagues that is a little Tyde-haven To the westwards of the poynt of Barfleur lye some foule grounds if you keepe the high land of Schierborough without the Cape de Wyck Cape de Wyck you shall not come too neare them Before Cape de Wyck is a good roade in six fathom a little to the east-wards of the two high rockes in a sand-bay Before Schierborough lye some rockes or little Islands which are cleane round about to the westwards of it lyeth a Tyde-haven called the Fosse of Moberille before it on both sides lye 4 or 5 high rocks at high water men runne through betwixt them and soo into the Haven A great league and a halfe to the westwards off it lyeth Cape de Hague Two leagues west and by north from Cape de Hague Cape de Hague lyeth the Island Aldernay or Ornay betwixt them goeth the Race of Blanckert through The Coast of England Road under the Nesse The poynt of Dongie nesse lyeth from Dover south west and by west distant 8 leagues At the east side of the Nesse in Romans Bay thwar of the Romans-Tower is a good roade for west s west windes For to anchor there runne so farte in the Bay that the poynt of the Nesse be south and south and by west from you anchor there in about 7 or 8 fathom you may alsoo anchor on the west side of the Nesse for a northeast winde soo that the poynt lye east and by north from you For to sayle in to the Camber of Rye Camber of Rye comming from the west you must keep Beachy without the poynt of Fairlee and run soo towards the Nesse and beingh come in faire by it run in without two Cables length alongst by it unto the end of the Nesse then edge up to the westwards and leave the beakons upon the starboard side untill you come before the Castle Camber that standeth upon the souther chindle there you may anchor in foure and five fathom From thence alongst even unto the Town of Rye it is all set with beacons which stand alongst by the east side of the Deep unto the Daries wich at low water fall dry In sayling unto Rye you must leave all the beacons unto the starboardside and run indifferent close alongst by them Road under the Beachy The poynt of the Nesse and Beachy lye west south west and eastnorth east distant 7 leagues Beachy is by the seven white Cleeves the best knowne land that a man can see any where To the eastwards of Beachy men may anchor for westerly windes in sixe or seven fathom soo that the poynt besouth and south and by west from you Of the Tydes and Courses of the Streames Before Callice and Blacknesse the flood falleth first one quarter to the land afterwards n. n. e. Betwixt Blackness
east and by south being within you must sayle up e. n. e. and n. e. by east and when you come against the Abbey at Restier then you must edge somewhat over towards the south-land els you must keepe the northland alongst For to sayle into the Carrick deep For to sayle in at the Carrick deepe you shall bring Cascalis over the west-poynt of Roxent keepe it so untill that the little Tower which you shall see stand above the Abbey at Restiers come over the white Abbey which standeth the farthest from Restier to wit over S. Katherines Abbey or Cloyster goe then northe n. e. by n. in keeping these marks standing thus untill that you come within the poynt off S. Gillies and then goe in alongst by the north-land to Restiers within the Castle and anchor there where you thinke it best Upon these markes you may sayle in and out at the Carrick deepe If you come from the westwardes and will goe in to the Carrick deepe then bring Cascalis over the west-end of Roxent and sayle so about the norther Cachops untill that the Town off Lisbone come within two ships lengths neere to the southside of the River then further in northeast and by north when as then you shall see the sand-bay within the poynt of S. Gillians then are you in the righ fareway But if it should happen that you could not see the towne or the little Tower then keep the sand-bay which lyeth within S. Gillians poynt north e. land by north from you and sayle so n. e. n. e. by north in and take the sounding of the norther Cachops in eight or nine fathom when you begin to come against S. Gillians poynt sayle then indifferent close along by the northland as is before sayd He that will turne out or in to the Carrick deepe must bring the foresayd little tower that standeth within the land a shipps length to the s wards a shipps length to the northwardes off the foresayd Abbey or Cloyster off S. Katherines and then cast about every time and so turne too and againe out and in Also come not with calmes in this channel neither bound inwards nor outwards with an ebbe for it falleth very strong over the east end of the Cachops If you will run out at the Carrick deepe you must looke out for the foresayd little Tower when it commeth out from under that high land bring it then a little to the westwardes of the second white Abbey or Cloyster and goe away southwest and by south and then the little tower shall come to the Cloyster But if you must turne out too and again then you must be very carefull of your tydes for the streames fall strong over the Cachops so that it is very dangerous with calmes to come in or out at those channels but especially in sayling out with an ebbe for it falleth thwart over the Cachops From Roxent to S. Uves poynt the course is southeast by s 10 leag that is also a apoynt easy to be known by a high round hill which lyeth on it also men shall see the top of the castle of Sisembre upon a flat hill like a great top or ridge of a countrey house S. Uves poynt is called Cape de Pitcher by the Dutchmen Cape de Spichel a little to the southwards about the poynt is a rent or clift in the land before it is good riding in 9 and 10 fathom Before Sisember men may also anchor in 15 or 16 fathom Of the Tydes and Courses and streames On these Coastes as on the former a southwest northeast moone maketh high water A southwest and northeast moone maketh full sea at the foresayd places on the sea-coast within the havens a poynt later A northeast and southwest Moon maketh on these coasts full sea like as on all the coastes lying on the great sea there goe also no streames alongst the land because through the swelling off the Ocean sea the flood commeth right on against the coastes and falleth right in and out at the Havens Courses and Distances From Cape del Fisiron or nova Lisbona to the Rock or Roxent south 15 or 16 leagues From the Burlings to the Rock or Roxent south by east and s s.e 16 leagues From the Burlings to the Cape S. Vincent s by eâ—st 53 leagues From the Burlings to the great Canaries southsouthwest 248 leagues From the Burlings to the Island Palma southwest by south 256 leagues From Roxent to the Cape Pitcher or Saint Uves poynt southeast and by south 10 leagues From Cape Pitcher to Cape S. Vincent south somewhat easterly 29 leagues From Roxent to Cape Saint Vincent south and by east 37 leagues From Roxent or the river of Lisbone to ths great Canaries southsouthwest westerly 240 leagues Heights The Burlings in 39 degrees 40 minut Roxent lyeth in 38 degr 55 min. or as some hold in 39 degr Cape Pitcher or S. Uves point lieth in 38 degr 30 minut How these Lands doe shew themselves at sea C. Montego The Land to the southwards of Montego The C. de Montego being northeast from you foure or five leagues with the land to the southwards of it sheweth it selfe as is pourtrayed in this and the figure following at the letters AA they belong one to the other This belongeth to the former and is the land to the southwards of Montego untill thwart of the Burlings Thus sheweth the Burlings when the northermost are east from you a league The land betwixt Peniche and Roxent sheweth it selfe as is pourtrayed in these three figures following when the high land to the southwards of Peniche being called young Roxent is east from you the like letters as AA and BB belong one to the other Young Roxent Burlings This belongeth to the former figure and is the land to the northwards of the Rock or Roxent Roxent This followeth the former figure untill Roxent or the rocke at the B one to the other Young Roxent northeast and by east Roxent south and by east Thus sheweth the Rock or Roxent when it is south and by east and young Roxent is northeast and by east from you and that you are close by the land When the Rock or Roxent is northeast from you seven leagues it ariseth thus When the Rock or Roxent is east and by south and e. s.e from you 7 leagues it sheweth it selfe thus The eight Demonstration Which Contayneth the description of Algarve and Andaluzia from S. Uves to Palos or Clif. FIve leagues to the eastwardes of Cape Pitcher or Saint Uves poynt Road under Saint Uves poynt lyeth Saint Uves there lyeth a great bancke before the havens mouth Beneath the high land upon the water side standeth a white Castle when that is northnortheast from you then are you right before the havens mouth Cust van ANDALVZIA En Algarve Beginnende van Capo de Spichel tot aen het Clif. For to finde
from the northwards near C. de Geer Riffe â—â—â—â—e you shall see no more land to the southwards of it When you come to the poynt you must give the riffe a birth that lyeth off from it and runne about by it and then forth southeast and by east and southeast 7 or 8 leagues to S. Cruz Roaâ— fore S. Cruz. and then you shall see the Moores Castle stand on the high land thwart of it lye a row of Rockes about a Calliver shot in length else it is all a cleane and cleare coast For to anchor there in the Bay runne so farre into the Bay that the foresayd Moores Castle stand north from you and the Christians packhouses northeast there it shall be deepe to the southwards or the foresayd row of Rocks 7 and 8 fathom the north point or C. de Geer shall then bee from you northwest and by west there is the best road In the Summer time you may anchor nearer to the shoare untill you come in six and seven fathom When you sayle from C. de Geer towards the playe or the Road you must be carefull to keepe close aboord of the land of the Cape and run alongst by it nutill you come before the Castle If you runne farre off from the shoare you shall with northerly windes which blow there much be constrained to come in n. e. n.n. e. again for to recover the shoare therefore it is best to keep close aboard the high land He that should come into the road here by night must not upon a certain great forfeiture come nearer the shoare then in 12 or 14 fathom In this Road men must be very carefull and ready with their anchors the smallest bower must be alwaies laid out for the wind which bloweth off the land and the other anchors to Seawards The shoot anchor must bee alwaies ready against a storme which men may very well perceive before by the swelling or rising of the sea to bring it out in the southwest Also it is needfull to keepe the foresayle to the yard for to helpe themselves with it the best that they can if it should happen that they should be forced from their anchors In this Bay is much fish to be taken when men lie there in the road they take their turnes to go out to fish From the C. S. Vincent south-west and by west 140 leagues from the Cape de Finisterre southsouthwest and southwest and by south 232 leagues lyeth the Island Porto Santo lying southeast northwest upon each end of this Island lyeth a great rock The road is on the s w. side to the eastwardes of the ragged rock before a little haven where men may lye landlockt with boats The Island Madera lyeth from Porto Santo Porto Santo s w 16 leag s wards from the east poynt of Madera Madera lie 3 small rocky Islands being called the Serters Serters the northermost is the smallest and lieth about a league from the land from the foresaid point the southermost is the greatest lyeth 4 leag from the land He that commeth from the n. wards or from Porto Santo may sayle through betwixt them the poynt of Madera it is there betwixt them broad wide also cleane cleare every where onely at the foresaid e. point of Madera lyeth a suncken rock whereof men must take heed At the s side of the Island before the towne S. Cruz C. Cruz. is a good road in 20 fathom but before Fonsiall is the chiefest Road for to lade to the westwards of the Towne lyeth a great rock with a crosse called the Lion by it is the best lying in 30 or 40 fathom At the southwest west side before Marasilo is also good anchoring in 16 or 18 fathom In all these foresayd places is good ground for to anchor in Betwixt Madera and Teneriffe lyeth the little Island Salvages Salvages to wit south from the Serters forty leagues North from the northeast poynt off Teneriffe seven and twenty leagues and northnorthwest from the northeast poynt off Great Canaries forty or two and forty leag it lyeth s w. and northeast and is about a halfe league long The s w. end of Salvages is foule farre off into sea therefore runne rather about to the eastwards of it then to the westwards Three or 4 leagues s w. from that poynt amongst other Rockes lyeth one great rock which sheweth a far of like a sayle Under the s e. side of the Salvages is a good road for a n.w. and west wind Madera and the Island S. Michaels Saint Michaels lye n. w. and s e. 135 leagues distant At S. Michaels the road is at the s w. side of the Island when you come about one of the two poynts either from the east or west then you shall see two little towns Before the westermost called Punte de Gada Punto de Gada or Punt Alagato is the Road in 20 and 25 fathom Before the eastermost little towne lyeth a little Island betwixt that and the land of S. Michaels it is 5 6 and 7 fathom deep Betwixt these two little townes the coast lyeth w. n. w. and e. s e. From S. Michaels to Tercera Tercera the course is n. w. and by w. foure and thirty leagues Under Tercera the road is on the s side of the Island to the westwards of the rockes right before the towne Angra Angra betwixt two points that lie out upon each of them standeth a Castle for defence off the shippes which lye there in the Road the westermost of the 2 poynts lyeth a good wayes further out to seawards then the eastermost and hath upon the end of it two very high called Brasil when you come out of the sea either from the eastwards or the westwards it seemeth a farre off as if it were asunder from the land These two foresaid hils upon the poynt off Brasill are so high that in cleare weather man may see from thence 16 or 17 leagues farr off into sea Upon it stand 2 pillars which men may see every where in the towne Angra and a watchman thereby for to keepe watch and to give them of the towne warning of the shippes that come about the Island As many ships as hee seeth come from the westwards or the southwards that is from the West-Indies Brasill or the Portingals Indies so many Flags he setteth up upon the Pillar towards the west when he seeth more then five ships then hee setteth up a great Flagge which signifieth a whole Fleet. Likewise hee doth the same upon the other Pillar towards the east for the shippes which he seeth come from the east from Portingall or from the northwards so that there cannot a shippe come thereabouts but men may see it presently by that token in every corner and street of the Towne He that commeth from the eastwards or the northwards and is bound into the Road of Tercera For to
sail intâ— the road of Tercera let him run faire by the land off the east poynt and alongst by it unto the 2 little Islands called the Ilheos which lye a little to the eastwards of the road about a bow shot one from the other Men may run alongst to the southwards off these Islands or to the northwards of them as they will and also betwixt them both Betwixt these little Islands and the maine land of Tercera it is a great cannon shot broad and 15 and 16 fathom deepe through betwixt the little Island it is 5 and 6 fathom deepe cleane sand-ground Somewhat to seawards of these little Islands lie 3 or 4 rockes above water called Los Frayles Lâ—â— Frayâ—es Being past these foresayd little Islands you must sayle to the westwards untill that you come neare to the foresaid point of Brasill a little to the eastwards of it you must anchor before the town of Angra in 10 or 12 fathom or else men lay their sea-anchor commonly in 16 and their smaller anchor towards the land in 8 or 9 fathom Men lye there landlockt for a s w and n.e. and also for an e.n. e. winde but a s e winde bloweth there flat open in On the w. side of the point of Brazill is also a great sandy Bay for to anchor in Before a village called S. Martin Three leagues to the eastwards of the Towne Angra lieth a bight called Porto Judeo there the Spaniards landed with their forces when they tooke in the Island from the Portingals He that will sayle from Tercera to Fayall let him set his course w. s.w to the E. point of S. Georges which is from thence ten leag asunder Further betwixt the Pico S. Georges through to Fayall are 16 leagues it lyeth most w.n.w. through betwixt them the Island Fayall lyeth to the westwards of the Island of the Pico a great league asunder off from it He that will anchor in the Road of Fayall let him anchor right before the Village of Fayall in 14 or 15 fathom there is sandground but there goeth a hard tide of flood and ebbe On the s w end of the Island Fayall lieth a little haven for to sayle in there you must run in by the s w point so long about by the shoare untill that you see the haven open saile alongst about by the s w point untill that you come in the narrow betâ—â—xt the rocks which lye of from the w. side so soone as you come within the rockes let presently your anchor fall in 5 fathom bring your hawsers on the e. side on land fast to the pales which are there made for the purpose the haven is little so that men may lie in it with no more then with 4 or 5 ships Further in it is shoale water Of the tydes courses of the streames On the foresayd coasts maketh high water a s s.w s w. and by s moon Courses Distances From C. Spartel to C. Cantin it is southwest southerly 85 leagues From C. Spartel to Madera west by south and w. s w. 200 leagues From C. Cantin to Madera west 130 leagues From C. Cantin to S. Vincent north 90 leagues From C. Cantin to Teneriffe s w by w. 148 leag From C. Cantin to C. de Geer s s w. 50 or 52 leagues From C. de Geer to C. de Non s s w. and south by west 27 leagues From C. de Geer to the point of S. Cruz s e 5 leagues From C. de Non to Ossin south 13 leagues From C de Non to C. de Bajador s w by w. 69 leag From C. de Geer to C. de Bajador s w somewhat westerly 110 leagues From Saffia to Madera and e. and w. 130 leagues Erom C. de Geer to Madera w.n.w. 123 leagues From S. Michiels to Tercera n.w. by w. 34 leagues From Tercera to the east end of S. Georges westsouthw 10 leagues From the east end of S. Georges to Fayall westnorthwest 16 leagues From Saint Michaels to the C. de Finisterre eastnortheast 247 leagues From Tercera to Roxent or the River of Lisbon e. at least 267 leagues From Tercera to C. de Finisterre eastnorth e. e. by n. 280 leageus From Tercera to the Lizart n. e. by e. 287 leagues Heights Masagam lyeth in 32 degr 46 min. C. de Cantin lieth in 32 degr 32 min. The land Mogodor in 31 degr 18 min. C. de Geer in 30 degr 10 min. C. de Non in 28 degr 32 min. C. de Bajador in 26 degr 10 min. How these Lands doe shew themselves at sea Casa Cavalgero Thus sheweth the land betwixt Masagam and C. Cantin Thus sheweth it selfe Casa Cavalgero when it is south from you 6 leagues When the northerne Corner of Saffia is southsoutheast from you 4 leagues it sheweth in this forme When C. Cantin is northeast and by east 6 leagues and the poynt of Saffia eastsoutheast foure leagues from you then they shew themselves thus Thus sheweth the land to the southwards of the south poynt of the Bay of Saffia when it is eastsoutheast 3 leagues from you Mogodor When you are westnorthwest or thwart off from Mogodor 3 leagues then sheweth it selfe thus It is a high and double land C. Taffelana When the Cape de Taffelana is northnortheast 3 leagues from you the land sheweth thus unto Cape de Geer C. de Geer When the C. de Geer is northnorthwest 3 leagues from you it sheweth thus and when the Bay is east and by south from you the land is with sand-hils Thus sheweth the Island Saint Michaels on the north side Thus sheweth the Island of Tercera when it lyeth e. and by s about 7 leagues from you When Tercera is 4 or 5 leagues from you then it ariseth thus the west end of this Island Tercera is higher then the east end thereby it is indifferent easy to be knowne Thus sheweth Tercera on the north side Brefil Road before Angera Little Islands Thus sheweth the Tercera on the south side when you sayle alongst by it Thus sheweth the Island S. George when it lyeth southsouthwest 7 leagues When the west end of S. Georges is south and by east and the east end southeast from you it sheweth it selfe thus being eight or nine leagues of from you When the Island Pico is southeast from you it sheweth it selfe thus the high Pieck you may see about 40 leagues of from it at sea The Island Fayal sheweth it selfe thus when it is south from you 8 or 9 leagues When the Island Gratios a lyeth westsouthwest 4 leagues from you then it ariseth in this forme Caarte Voor een gedeelte der Canarise Eylanden al 's Canaria Tenerifa Forteventura etc. De tyhavens Porto de Naos en Porto de Cavallos aen de Zuydoostzyde van Lacerota The second Demonstration In Which Are to be seene the Canary Islands THe chiefest Islands of the Canaries are 7 in number Lancerota Forteventura
is the northermost Island lying behinde Scotland lyeth from Fulo about westsouthwest 37 or 38 leagues it lyeth by two other little Islands about a greate league one from the other The Islands of Lewis lye from Rona southwest distant sixteen or seventeen leagues and from the north end of Lewis to S. Kilda it is southwest and by west 16 leagues On the east side of S. Kilda is a good roade for a west and northwest winde This Island lyeth by the other little Island where of the two are not very great upon that which lyeth to the westwards you may see some houses stand and these two little Islands lye tenne leag to the westwards of the great Island of Lewis Upon the coast of Lewis lye also two rowes of great rocks like as if they where little Islands lying one from the other south north somewhat easterly about 7 or 8 leagues The southermost lye by 3 little Islands but the northermost lye by eight small little Islands or rocks The Island of Lewis is devided into many parts the which men may sayle through at many and divers places Lewis with the Islands belonging to it lye southsouthwest and south and by west about 29 leagues But on the east side goeth a broade Sound through of five or six leagues Men sayl in close by the Island of Lewis about southsouthwest untill past the Island Cheut From thence the Sound lyeth through betwixt the great Island Bragadull Lewis south south by west towards the west end of Lewis called the Ephts then you must leave Mulla and Ila with divers many other Islands on the larboard side Jona Ila Mulla Bragadul are 4 of the greatest Islands which are lying on the west coast of Scotland and lye close by the mayn land but there are many havens Sounds so that there you may sayle in and about them every where At the northwest point of Ireland lye also some Islands which you may sayle through round about them all Betwixt Rona Orkneys lye also some Islands which also you may sayle through betwixt and round about He that falleth with these Islands must be very carefull and circumspect for the most part of them are inhabited by wild and savage people In Lewis the Islands thereabout a southwest and northeast moone maketh the highest water likewise also without the north poynt of Scotland Of the Tydes and Courses of the streames In Hitland within the havens Sounds a southsouthwest northnortheast moon maketh full sea The floud runneth there to the eastwards and the ebbe to the westwards especially at the south end and north end of Hitland and so fall thwart through the Sounds and havens In the Island of Fero a north and south moon maketh the highest water Under the Islands of Fero goe very hard tydes with great turnings the floud commeth there out of the west westnorthwest the ebbe out of the east and eastsoutheast and fall so alongst through the Islands there you must reckon your tides there after when you will sayle from the one Island to the other there are two wels or Maelstreames the one at the south end of Suydry and the other a league within Scalhead at Quaelnes Although the tides doe run so strong through these Islands yet nevertheles it floweth not there foure foot up and downe How these lands doe lye one from the other and from other lands From Fairehill to the northeast poynt of Orcaneys southwest 9 or 10 leagues From Fairehill to the south end of Hitland southsouthwest and south and by west 7 or 8 leagues From the south end of Hitland to the Island Rona westsouthwest 46 leagues From the north end of Hitland to the rocks of Rocol westsouthwest 127 or 128 leagues From the south end of Hitland to Fero westnorthwest northwest and by west 61 leagues From the north end of Hitland to the south end of Fero west and west and by north 58 leagues From Hitland to the east poynt of Island the course is northwest and by west about 130 leagues From the north end of Hitland too Gryp northeast by east the north-end of 115 leagues From Hitland to Stadt eastnortheast 66 leagues From Fero to Rona the course is south and by east 45 or 46 leagues From the south end of Fero to Rokol southwest westerlye 85 leagues From Rona Lewis the course is southwest 16 leagues From the north end of Lewis to Saint Kilda southwest 16 leagues From the south end of Lewis to the northwest poynt of Ireland the course is southsouthwest about 27 leag From S. Kilda to the north end of Hitland northeast and by east 39 leagues Of the heights of these lands The south end of Hitland lyeth in 59 degrees 48 minu The north end of Hitland lyeth in 60 degr 50 min. The south end of Fero lyeth in 61 degr 15 min. The north end in 62 degr 20 min. The Islands of Rona lyeth in 58 degr 46 min. The north end of Lewis lyeth in 58 degr 18 min. The Rock Rokol lyeth in 58 deg 20 min. The northwest point of Scotland lyeth in 58 degrees 30 minutes How these lands doe shew themselves at sea When Fairehill is west and south 3 or 4 leagues from you it sheweth thus When Fairehill is west from you see Hitland northwest from you it sheweth thus When Fairehill is southeast and southeast and by east 3 or 4 leageus from you it sheweth thus When Fairehill is northwest and northwest and by west 4 leagues it sheweth thus Fairehill being 5 leagues southwest and by west from you sheweth thus When Fulo is northwest from you so far that you may even see it out of the top it sheweth thus When the southeast end of Hitland is westnorthwest from you then sheweth the land as in these three figures the AA BB one to the other Thus sheweth Hitland when it lyeth northwest and by west about 4 leagues from you Bremerhaven Point of Broadsound Hanglip In this forme sheweth Hitland betwixt Hanglip and Hamburger-haven Thus sheweth the land to the northwards of the haven of Broadsound Hanglip northwest from you Five leagues to the northwards of Hanglip the land sheweth thus being about a league off from it Hitland lyeth in there with a great bight with many Islands Thus sheweth Hanglip when it is northwest from you eight leagues When as the north end of Hitland is southeast and by cast from you then it riseth thus When S. Kilduyn is southwest about five leagues from you it sheweth thus When the Island Lewis lyeth east from you then it riseth thus and then you are without S. Kilda This Island lieth also upon the coast of Lewis S. Kilda 6 leagues southwest from you it sheweth thus S. Kilda northeast from you 4 leagues it sheweth thus S. Kilda southwest and by west 4 leagues from you it sheweth thus Fulo 4 leagues from you it sheweth thus This Island lyeth westsouthwest from Scotland
the Somme through two channells from the east poynt called the East Downe lyeth off a sand thwart before the channell to the westwards off that riffe lyeth alsoo another great banck between them goeth in the Easter-channell For to sayle in there bring S. Valery a cables length to the westwards of the west poynt of the River called the Oordell and run in thereupon untill you come to the land at that foresayd west poynt and from thence close alongst by it or as soon as you get againe deeper water over the banck then turne up eastward towards the beacons From the poynt of the Oordel lyeth of to the northwards a little riffe upon the end of it lyeth a buy which you must leave on the starboard side and run in close about to the northwards of it From the point of the Oordell upwards it is set allongst with beacons you must run alongst close by them untill you come within the poynt of S. Valery where you must anchor and lye every tyde dry The sands there within do shift so often that they are not to be described for alwayes For to sayle into the western-channell For to sayle into the wester channel comming from the east or the north you must run alongst by the banks in six or seven fathom and not neerer they are so steepe that a shipp sitting fast upon them with the fore castle at the stern hath three fathom Comming towards the land at the end of the bankes you shall finde a buy Or els if you come from the west and bring Crotoye a cables length within the Oordell and sayle soo right in you shall finde the foresayd outermost buy Besides this there lye three other buyes whereof that foresayd buye on the poynt of the Oordell is the fourth the innermost You must leave them all on the starboard side towards the land and run in alongst by them to the northwards of them These channels and sands there within all untill past S. Valery Fall at low water altogether drye the buyes alsoo fall drye that men may goe by them at halfe flood with an ordinary tyde there is no more then two fathom Water it is not good to goe in there before that two third parts of the â—lood bee spent With an ordinary tyde it floweth there five and sixe fathom but with a spring-tyde seven fathom up and downe At high water and spring-tyde a man may goe over all the bankes and sands with eight or ten foot Water five leagues upwards lyeth Abbeville Thwart of the Somme it is farre off in to the sea shoale water five sixe seven eight nine and ten fathom three or foure leagues off into sea He that commeth from the west and findeth himselfe in darke and misty weather to bee in such shoaling may bee well assured not to bee farre from the Somme From the Oldman to Diep the course is southsouthwest 18 leagues but from the Somme to Diep southwest and by west eight or nine leagues About halfe way betweene the Somme and Diep lyeth the River of Heu within it on the north side lyeth Tresport Tresport being alsoo a tyde-haven where men must goe in at high water and at low water lye dry At the east side of the Haven of Diep Diep lyeth a ranck of rocks and from it lyeth a little riffe of chindle towards the north or the west to the southwards of this riffe goeth in the channell about southeast in it is very narrow and a short inlet therein lye three buyes in in the middest of the deepe not above a stones cast one from the other men may run in on both sides of them comming to the end of the buyes they must keepe the middle of the channell and run in betweene the heades untill they come within the towne there make fast with a cable on the shoare Men may not sayle in there before flood but not at halfe ebbe at low water it falleth altogether dry but within at the Towne men may ride a float at high water there commeth three fathom or at the highest not more then 3 fathom and a halfe water there come out alwayes Pilots to bring ships in S. Valery in Caux From Diep to Saint Valery in Caux it is southwest and by west foure leagues that is alsoo a tyde-haven where you must goe in with high water it is a narrow channell where you goe in between to the Heads there is neither sand nor bancke before it that can hurt you being come in you may let your anchor fall and make you fast with a cable on the shore Hee that hath neither cable nor anchor may being come there within saile his ship on against the shoare in the chindle and soo save his ship goods without dammage From S. Valery to Fecam Fecam it is w. s w. foure leagues that is a deepe tyde-haven there remaineth at low water little lesse then 2 fathom water At the east side of the havens-mouth lyeth a banke or plate men may with small shippes sayle in through betwixt it and the land and so runne in sounding borrowing it eight or nine foot alongst by the east shoare which is flat For to sayle into the westwards of the plate you must keepe the Tower of Fecam without the land or without the West poynt of the Haven and then it shall bee southsoutheast from you run then upon that mark into the Haven and then the foresayd sand shall remaine on the larboard side of you and at halfe flood you shall have in the Havens-mouth 2 fathom water being come in before the towne you may anchor there by the Westerne shoare in three fathom From Fecam to Struysaert Struysaert it is westsouthwest three little leagues Without the poynt of Struysaer lye two high sharp rocks From thence to Seynhead it is s and s and by west 2. leagues and a halfe About northwest from Seynhead lyeth a bancke upon which at low water remaineth no more than two fathom and a halfe water when the towne of New-haven commeth without Seynhead then are you thwart of the back For to avoyd it run in close aboard the Seynhead alongst untill you come within the first mill there let fall your anchor in 6 fathom stay for a Pilot to bring you into the haven For to sail into the River of Roan For to sayle into the River of Roan comming from the north or the east you must runne close aboard the land to the northwards of Seynhead and alongst by it soo long untill the south side of the river come unto the poynt of Seynhead then runne in with it untill the land to the westwards of Newhaven come without Newhaven sayle then unto the Haven of Newhaven Or elâ—e if you will goe without about the bancke or the Rettires then edge over to the westwards soo far from the land untill the river come open sayle then towards the poynt of Tochet and run in
the west Beachy sheweth thus when you come from the west De Custen van BRETAIGNE Waer in vertoont wort alle gelegentheyt tusschen Caap de Hague en t' Eylant Heyssant The second Demonstration Where in Is decyphered the Coast of Britannie from the Island of Ornay to the Island of Ushant TWo leagues west and by north from Cape de Hague Cape de Hague lyeth the Island Aldernay or Ornay betwixt them goeth the Race of Blanckert The Race of Blanckert through Aldernay or Ornay Ornay is about three leagues long and lyeth east west The east end is cleane men may sayle reasonable close alongst by it but the west end is very foule There lye some little Islands close by the west end being passed them men may sayle towards Iarsey without any feare To the southwards of the foresayd little Islands at the west end lyeth of a ledge of rockes within it on the south side it is cleane except at the south poynt that is also foule Hee that will anchor on the south side of Ornay must be mindfull thereof anchor a little to the eastwards of the Tydehaven From the west end of Ornay lyeth a great multitude of rockes west and by north westnorthwest off three leagues into the sea Upon the outtermost and westermost end lyeth a great high rock with many other smaller rocks about it Halfe wayes betwixt this great rocke and Ornay lyeth another great rock but not soo high as the foresayd westermost from it lye off a multitude of rokes towards the outermost which fall dry at low water but at high water many lye under water These two great rockes are called by the French Les Casquettes and by the Dutch the Kiskassen and by the English the Caskets Catskets Close by the west end of Ornay towards the Caskets lye other two great ranes of rockes called the Barroches Barroches From the east point of Ornay to the east end of Garnesey about to the southwards of Ornay the course is westsouthwest 9 leagues but from the Caskets to the west end of Garnsey southwest and by south 6 leagues Road under Garnsey If you will anchor under Garnsey comming from the Caskets then runne on to the northeast poynt of Garnsey and so farr to the eastwards of it untill you get sight of the castle that standeth upon the rock on the east side of Garnsey Or if you come about to the westwards of the Caskets then goe on southeast or somewhat more southerly untill the northeast poynt of Garnsey be south and by west from you sayle then towards it till you shall come in sight of that foresayd castle upon the rocke Bring that over the south poynt of Garnsey and sayle in upon that marke betwixt the Island Arem or Harm and Garnsey untill you come by the foresayd Castle betwixt these Islands it is on both sides full of rockes where of you must take good heed especially on the larboard side towards Arem when you are come by the castle you may anchor within or without it where you please without the Castle in 12 or 13 fathom or within the Castle that is betwixt the Castle and Garnsey in six or seven fathom at low water It doth flow there six or seven fathom up and downe which men must reckon upon Under the south side of Garnsey men may ride for northwest north northeast windes If you come from the west or from the Caskets you must runne close about by the southwest poynt called C. de Gruse and alongst by the south side of the Island well halfe wayes the Island and anchor there where you think good in eighteene or nineteen fathom If the wind shift to the southwest or to the westsouthwest then you may runne about by the south poynt unto the foresayd Castle and anchor there either without or within it as here before is sayd From the aforesayd south poynt lyeth off a little ledge of rocks where of some rocks lye above some under water these you must avoyd when you sayle about by it South by west and southsouthwest about eight leagues from Garnsey lyeth a great ledge of rockes more then a league great called Rockeduves Rockeduves About 2 leagues southeast from Garnsey lyeth the Island Sarck Sarck there men may anchor round about it in five and twenty six and twenty and seven and twenty fathom From the north end lye of some Rocks where of some lye above and some under water At the south end hereof lye alsoo some rockes but all above water Betwixt Garnsey and Sarck lye two other little Islands Arck and Arem Arck and Arem or Harm there men may sayle through betwixt them The Island Iarsey from Garnsey southeast distant 7 leagues round about this Island are good roades at divers places All alongst the north side men may anchor in 10 11 fathom At the same north side somewhat within the west poynt lye some great rockes a good wayes of from the shoare called the Pater nosters Pater noster or Pierreleg At the southwest poynt lye many rockes which lye of a great wayes into the sea to the northwards of them to wit betwixt them and the westermost poynt at the west side of Iarsey men may anchor at divers place in ten eleven twelve fathom At the south side of Iarsey is also a good road for a northwest w. n. w. Windes At the east side lyeth Saint Catherines baye S. Catherines Bay there is alsoo very good roade for westerly windes The west end of Iarsey and Saint Maloes or the Island Sisember before S. Maloes lye south and by east and north and by west eight or nine leagues asunder About halfe way betwixt both right in the fareway lye a great number of high rockes together which containe in circuit in sayling about seven or eight leagues Mankies Rockes called the Mankierrs they lye farre towards Iarsey some above and many under water soo that it is not without great danger to runne through betwixt Iarsey and the Mankiers When men will sayle through the Race of Blanckaert bound for S. Maloes they run commonly through betwixt Sarck and Iarsey may alsoo sayle to the eastwards of all the Islands and shoals alongst the coast of Normandy towards S. Maloes in manner as followeth When men come a little past the C. Voorha they shall meet thwart of the Island Iarsey with three or foure high rockes called Le Beuf Le Beuf men may runne to the westwards of them and so through betwixt them and the Island Iarsey or els to the eastwards of them alongst by the mayn land even as they will towards the riffe of Mortefaim that lyeth upon the coast of Normandy southsoutheast 8 leagues from Cape de Voorha Over against or thwart of the Riffe of Mortefaim lyeth a rane of rockes lying east and west more then a league in length called Beufkin
Tower of Bore to the eastwards of Saledoor sayle then towards the roade of La-Ranse to the southwards of the little Bee or els if it be high water you may run in upon the markes and then in about to the southwards of the Towne as here before is sayd When you saile into this westerne channel you shal leave on the starboard side a high rocke called the Schoorsteen with more other rockes to the westwards of it which at high water are most of them over flowne On the north side that is on the larboard side lye alsoo many rockes whereof many of them are overflowne at high water and also many remaine above water Yet a southerne channell More a Southerne channell lyeth in by the land to the southwards of the rock of S. Antony upon marks that men may see a stearne the ship but it is not used but with small ships About halfe wayes betwixt the westerne channell of S. Maloes and C. de Farela lyeth a stony banck Stony banck under water A little to the westwards of C. de Farela lyeth a great rock When you will sayle from C. de Farela towards S. Maloes and that you keepe the foresayd rock right upon the poynt of Farela you shall so without faile sayle upon the Stone-banck but if you keep the rock hidden under or behind the poynt then you shall sayle alongst to the southwards of it Or else if you keepe it without the poynt soo that you may see through betwixt it the point then you shall sayle alongst to the northwards of it The foresayd rock is a good mark for to know Cape de Farela by S. MALOES De Haven van S. Malo Foure leagues west from S. Maloes lyeth a great Sandbay where men may lye landlockt for all windes Men use to anchor within a great rock right against a mill and some trees About two leagues northwest from that Sand-bay lyeth the Cape de Farela Farela which is alsoo called Cape de Late after the Castle de Late that standeth to the eastwardes off the poynt there is a good Roade for west southwest windes Two great leagues northwest from the entry of the Haven of S. Maloes lyeth the Oysterbanck â—ysterâ—â—nck there under it men may anchor in 6 or 7 fathom To the westwardes of Cape de Farela unto the north-end of the Island Briack Briack the course is west and by north nine or ten leagues Two leagues from the land west from the Cape lyeth a great rane of rockes above water Betweene the foresayd Cape and the Island Briack lye the Havens or Rivers of S. Brieux â— Brieux and S. Benit S. Benit The Island Briack is two leagues long lyeth southsouthwest and northnortheast when you come from the east you shall see two mills upon it and betwixt them a high round hill with a little house upon it you may sail round about this Island and may make roades on every side where you will although round about it here and there lye some rocks yet it is all over good anchor-ground A good wayes off from the northeast point lyeth a rock called Souffe and at the north end lyeth a ledge of rockes under water where of you must take heed A great league westsouthwest from Briack three or foure leagues a seaboard the land lye the out-rockes called the Pickeles men may sayle round about them also but to the eastwards of them towardes the main land lye many suncken rockes Foure leagues to the westwards of Briack lyeth the Port Blanck upon a great river called Lantrilliers Portblank Lantrilliers seven Isles to the eastwards of this haven lye off many out-rockes To the westwards of Port Blanck lye the Sept Isles or seven Islands lying from the Pickels distant five leagues east and west A league to the southwardes of them lyeth the Green land there you may ride round about it Betweene the seven Islands you may not sayle through but to the southwards of them betwixt them and the Green Island Greene Island goeth a broade channell through From the eastermost Island lyeth off a fowle riffe to the southwards upon the outermost end of that riffe lyeth a rocke as a good marke for to sayle about the riffe Northwest from the west-end of the seven Islands lyeth alsoo a suncken rock wich at low water may be seene Men may alsoo sayle alongst by the coast from Port Blanck within to the southwardes of the Green Island and come out againe into the sea to the westwards from thence northwest off into the sea lye the Triacle Pots Triacle Pots these are great feare full out-rockes which lye spred wyde and broade westsouthwest from the seven Islands and foure or five leagues a seaboard the land Betwixt the Triacle Pots and the seven Islands lyeth the River of Laminoe R. Laminoe to the westwardes of the Greene Island For to sayl in there men must take good heed of the northeast poynt which is fowle Thwart of the seven Islands upon the maine land standeth a Church with a high steeple called Our Lady of the Clearnesse thereby men may know them Thwart of the Triacle Pots standeth alsoo a high Tower thereby men may know when they are neere them but it must be very cleare weather before men can well discerne it upon the land Hee that commeth by night or darke weather from the Fourne or Ushant and is bound to Saint Maloes let him not goe with a southerly winde to the eastwardes of east-northeast or northeast and by east with a westerly winde so long untill hee hath the length of the Triacle Pots that they bee on his broad side The flood falleth southeast within the Triacle Pots and the seven Islands and should by night easily draw a ship towards them By day or when there is sight there is no such danger Within the Triacle Pots lyeth the tyde haven of Saint John de Doy two leagues to the westwards of the Green Island and two leagues to the eastwards of Morlions men may sayle from thence through the rockes unto Morlions and anchor in five and sixe fathom at low water To the westwards of the Triacle Pots lyeth a great rock the easterne entry of Morlions Morlions lyeth from it southwest and by south distant two leagues but the westerne entry lyeth from it westsouthwest west and by south foure or five loagues that goeth in by a great long ragged rock This entry men may sayle in south south and by west unto the castle of Morlaix Morlaix being about the castle they may run through the rocks againe to the eastwards and runne out againe at the easterne entry northnortheast and north and by east into sea according as the tyde shall be the flood commeth there out of the northwest If a man would goe from Morlaix to Morlions hee may goe on east through the rockes and so sayle to it It is all
eastsoutheast and the ebbe westnorthwest From the Dodman to Ramehead the flood falleth eastnortheast and the ebbe westsouthwest From the Lizard to the Dodman northeast and southwest In the channell betwixt the Lizard and the Steart thwart off Foy the flood falleth east and by north and the ebbe west and by south Of the Depths The Steart and the land of Dartmouth men may see them both in five and forty fathom When you have the high land of Plymmouth north from you you may see it in fifty fathom it is high double land and sheweth it selfe first in two hilles That same high double land within the land you may see it from thwart of Foy untill you come thwart of Dartmouth The Dodman you may see in 42 fathom off from the Lizard to the Steart The Lizard you may see in five and fifty fathom there the ground is white and red shelly sand Courses Distances From Portland to S. Paul de Lion southwest and by south 40 leagues From Portland to Ushant southwest 53 leagues From Portland to Exmouth westnorthwest 13 leagues From Torbay to Dartmouth s w. 3 a 4 leagues From Dartmouth to the Steart s w. 3 leagues From Portland to Torbay west somewhat southerly 13 or 14 leagues From Portland to Dartmouth west by s 16 leagues From Portland to the Steart westsouthwest westerly 19 leagues From the Steart to the Caskets eastsoutheast 21 leag From the Steart to the Sept Isles south by east somewhat easterly 24 leagues From the Steart to S. Paul de Lion south and by west somewhat southerly 27 leagues From the Steart to Ushant southwest and by south 38 leagues From the Steart to Ramehead the course is westnorthwest 8 leagues From Ramehead to the Island of Lowe westsouthwest 3 leagues From the Isle of Low to Foy west 2 leagues From Foy to the Dodman southwest south w. and by w. 5 leagues From the Dodman to Falmouth west and by south and westsouthwest 4 leagues From Falmouth to the Lizard south by w. 4 leagues From the Steart to the Eddy-stone west or a little more northerly 7 or 8 leagues From the Eddystone to Ramehead north a little westerly 2. leagues From Ramehead to the Dodman w. s.w 8 leagues From the Dodman to the Lizard southwest 6 leagues From the Steart to the Lizard west and by south 20. or 21 leagues From the Lizard to Garnsey east and by south 37 leag From the Lizard to the Sept Isles or seven Islands the course is southeast and by east 31 leagues From the Lizard to Ushant south 29 leagues From the Lizard to Cape de Finisterre southwest 153 leagues And that course goeth about 5 leagues without the C. From the Lizard to Teneriffe southsouthwest 466 leagues From the Lizard to Tercera southwest and by west 386 leagues Heights The Steart lyeth in or as some will hold more northerly 50 degr 12 min. Torbay lyeth in 50 degr 28 min. The Lizard lyeth in 50 degrees How these Lands doe shew themselves at Sea Thus sheweth the land to the westwards of Portland when you sayle alongst by it The land betwixt Torbay and the Steart sheweth thus The Steart Dartmouth Torbay Thus sheweth the land betwixt Torbay and the Steart when the Steart is southwest and by west from you The Steart Dartmouth Torbay Thus sheweth the land betwixt Torbay and the Steart when the Steart is westsouthwest from you Torbay Torbay Torbay Torbay The poynt of Torbay sheweth thus in divers forms according as you are southerly or northerly of from it The Steart Dartmouth These two figures belong one to the other at the two crosses Torbay Apsum Thus sheweth Dartmouth as it is pourtrayed in these two figures when you are right thwart from it a league or two from the land with the land on both sides of it as well towards the Steart as towards Torbay and to the northwards of it The Steart Thus sheweth the Steart being north from you 2 or 3 leagues The Steart being north from you 7 leagues sheweth thus This open will be shut too when you sayle to the westwards This open will be shut too when you sayle to the westwards The Steart When the Steart is northeast from you it appeareth in this forme and then the poynt goeth flat downe Salckom The Steart Thus sheweth the land to the westwards of the eastermost poynt of the Steart towards Salckom when you sayle alongst by it De Custen Van Engelant tusschen de twee pointen van Poortlandt en Lezard Plymmouth n. n. w. The Steart n. n. w. Thus sheweth the land of the Steart and alongst to the westwards of Plymmouth when the Steart is northnortheast about two leagues and the sound of Plymmouth northnorthwest five or six leagues from you Mewstone The Steart The Land betwixt the Steart and the sound of Plymmouth sheweth it selfe in this forme when you sayle alongst by it Thus sheweth the high Land to the eastwards of Plymmouth Maker Church Thus sheweth the Land of Ramehead and to the northwards of it when you sayle into the sound of Plymmouth The Dodman Ramehead When you are thwart of the Dodman 4 leagues without the Land that and the land to the eastwards of it unto Ramehead sheweth it selfe in this manner The Dodman when you are right before it Thus sheweth the Land to the eastwards of Falmouth when you sayle alongst by it a league a seaboard the Land Lizard Falmouth Dodman Thus sheweth the land betweene the Dodman and the Lizard Lizard Hilford Falmouth The Land betwixt Falmouth and the Lizard sheweth thus when you are before Falmouth Thus sheweth the Lizard when you sayle alongst by it The fifth Demonstration Where in Are delineated the Coasts of England from the Lizard and the Lands-end to the C. of Cornwall the Sorlings and the channell of Bristow The Lizard THE Lizard is a low poynt where some rocks lye off from it upon the south end standeth a Tower and upon the high land towards the n. end standeth another tower which is sharpe About five leagues northwest from the Lizard lyeth a great Baye called Mounts-Bay Mounts-Bay at the west poynt of that bay lyeth a little Island whereupon stand 2 little short towers like beacons on the east side in the bay lyeth another high little Island whereupon standeth a Castle called S. Michaels Mount S. Michaels Mount on the east side of this Baye lyeth a great ranne of rocks which lye off into sea a league from the land whereof men must take good heed in dark weather from thence to the southward towards the Lizard the coast is all alongst full of rocks but these lye not so farre off from the shoare For to sayle into Mounts-Bay comming from the Lands end or from the Lizard being to the westwards of the foresayd rane of rocks you must runne in right with the little Island called Saint Michaels Mount soo long untill you come within a half league of
Caldy which is between the Island and the poynt of the maine land to Tinbuy but it is there narrow yet cleane and deepe enough River of Carmarthen The river of Carmarthen lyeth from the Island Caldy northeast and by north distant about foure leagues the channell for to fayle in there lyeth in eastnortheast on the east or the south side lyeth a great Banck which lyeth off farre from the shoare and on the off-side goeth off flat For to sayle in there men may sound it in alongst by the east or north shoare untill they be over the shoalest of the barre there is upon it at halfe flood about foureteen foot water and being over the barre it will be againe foure fathom deepe or thereabouts then they may run in forth by theyr lead alongst by the south shoare untill they come within the river Foure or five leagues to the westwards of the Island Caldy lyeth Saint Gawens poynt S. Gawens poynt the south poynt of Wales by some called the White poynt About halfe an English mile southsouthwest from this poynt lieth a suncken rock called the Crow The Crow whereof men must take heede Two leagues to the westwards of S. Gawens poynt lyeth the haven of Milford Milford-haven a broad and wide sound lying in at the entry northeast in being come in within the poynts men may goe up to the northwards eastwards and southwards unto divers places and roades About by the north poynt men may sayle unto Daleroade there it is good lying in three fathom and three fathom and a halfe at low water When men come a little within the south poynt in the open of Milford haven there lyeth a little Island or rock like the Newstone by Plymmouth being past that a little they may run to the southwards into a bay where they may lye landlockt for all windes A little to the westwards of Milford-Haven lye two little Islands the southermost is the smallest called Stocholm Stockholm the northermost Scaline Scaline About two leagues northnorthwest or northwest by north from thence lyeth the Island Ramsey Ramsey there betwixt them hath the land a great Bay called the Broad-bay Broad Ramsey lyeth at the north poynt and Scaline at the south poynt off the Bay there in alongst the shoare is good riding for north northeast east southeast windes in 7. 8. nine fathom Upon the North poynt of this Bay lyeth a little Towne called Saint Davids S. Davids to the northwards off lyeth the Coast of Wales alongst Northeast unto Cardygan About 2 leagues west and by south to seawards from the Island Scaline and 3 leagues southwards from Ramsey lyeth that little Island Grasholm Grasholm which is a round cleane rock about foure leagues off from it lye also two little Lands which are fowle called the Smalles Smalles The lying of them with the dangers there of you may reade in the description of Ireland On the northwest side of the Island Ramsey lyeth the Bishop with his Clearks Bishop with his Clearks these are rockes that lye off to the northwards and southwestwards of that Island a good way to sea About five leagues northwest or somewhat northerly from Ramesey lyeth another great rock called Mascus Mascus which is all round about foule with many suncken rocks He that commeth to saile thereabouts or to lye by must take very good heed of them The Island Ramsey or the north poynt of Wales and the southeast poynt of Ireland lye about eastsoutheast and west northwest distant 16 leagues Of the Tydes and Courses of the Streames In Mounts Bay and at the Lands end of England a westsouthwest and eastnortheast moon maketh high water In Silly a southwest and by west moone maketh full sea A seaboard of Silly in the channell likewise a southwest by west Moone In the entring of the channell a southwest and northeast Moone From Silly to the Lizard the flood falleth northeast the ebbe southwest Betwixt Silly and Londey the flood falleth northeast the ebbe southwest In Silly a southwest and by west Moone maketh high water On the coast of England betwixt the Cape of Cornwall and Hartland poynt a westsouthwest and west and by south Moon maketh high water Thwart of the Island Londey a west and by south but on the Island an east and west Moone At the Island Londey and at the Holmes an east and west Moone maketh high water At Bristow within a west and by north Moone maketh full sea At Milford haven an east and by north and west and by south Moon maketh high water In the channel of Bristow betwixt Londey the Holmes the flood falleth e. n.e. and the ebbe westsouthwest Within the Holms towards Bristow the flood falleth northeast and by east and the ebbe southwest and by west Betwixt Londey and Mildford the streame falleth northeast and northeast and by east Of the Depths Men may see on Silly the south side in 52 fathom the ground there is stony with some red shels The lands end of England men may see alsoo in 25 fathom Silly may be seene on the north side in 45. 46. and 48. fathom there the ground is oasy with some little stones amongst it When men are to the northwards of Silly it sheweth first in two Islands upon the eastermost they shall see a tower or little castle to the eastwards of the 2 Islands they shall see also two great hilly rockes and to the westwards three high black rockes Westnorthwest and west and by north ten or eleven leagues from Silly the ground is oasie and soft that men can scarce get any of it upon the lead there come some little shels amongst it Betwixt the Lands end of England and Londey in the fareway it is 45 fathom deepe the land of Cornwall men may see in 44 fathom Three or foure leagues without the land thwart of Saint Yves Stoupert or Padstow the ground is sharpe and rocky but neerer the land it is all sandy ground Betwixt S. Yves and Hartlands poynt are many white chalky hills alongst the coast especially neere by Stoupert or Padstow whereby this coast is to be knowne In the channell betwixt the Holmes and Bristow it is deep 12. 13. and 14 fathom and men may see the land on both sides Upon the coast of Wales about Milford and to the northwards of it men may see the land in 42 and 45 fathom Courses Distances From the Lizard to the Lands end westnorthwest 9 or 10 leagues From the Lands end to Silly w. s.w 8 leagues From the Lizard to the Gulfe the course is west and by north 10 leagues From the Lands end to the Gulfe the course is southsouthwest 3 leagues From the Gulfe to Silly west 5 leagues From Silly to the Caskets east somewhat southerly 55 leagues From Silly to Ushant the course is southeast and by south 35 leagues From Silly to C.
far from the land and that the harbours mouth doth begin to open then sheweth the land as it is described in these two figures at the A belonging one to the other being neare the land it seemeth to be high land but a far off when you can see the high inner land within Iochul over the cliffe land it seemeth to be but low The second part THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE LIGHTNING-COLVMNE OR SEA MIRROUR WHEREIN Is contained the Description of the Sea-Coasts of France Gallissia Portugal and Spaine from Heyssant to the Straites of Gibraltar and with all the Flemmish and Canary Islands Furnished with all the needfull Seacards sights of Land with divers changes as well in the courses distances as in the heights and purged from many faults Gathered together from the experience of divers Famous Seamen and lovers of Navigation never before brought to light By IOHN van LOON Practicioner in the Sciences of Astronomy Geometry and the Mathematiques IN AMSTERDAM Printed by Iohn Iohnson dwelling at the Signe of the Passe-card 1654. De Custen van HISPANIA al 's Andaluzia Portugal Gallissien Biscajen en een gedeelt van Vranck ryck beginnen van Hey sant tot aen Larache De Cust van Bretaigne van Heysandt tot aent Eylant Boelyn The second part of the LIGHTNING COLUMNE OR SEA MIRROUR THE THIRD BOOKE Of the WESTERNE NAVIGATION Containing The description of France Biscay Gallissia Portugal and Algarve from Heyssant to the Straights of Gibralter The first Demonstration Where in Are shewed the coasts of France from Ushant to the Island of Bel Jsle or Boelin THe Foure and Ushant Ushant lye westsouthwest eastnortheast distant two great leagues Ushand sheweth it selfe at sea at the south-end low and at the north-end going up sloping upon the midst of it standeth a little flat Tower by which markes it is easy to be knowne For to sayle through within Ushant the course from the Fourne to S. Matthews point is s s e. 4 leag At the poynt of the Foure lye two rowes of little Rockes and to the southwards of them alongst the Coast lye three other heaps of rocks each of them about an English mile one from the other runne alongst within two Cables lengths by the foresayd rockes at the poynt which is much nearer the east side or the maine land then Ushant for to shun the norther Haghels Haghels which doe lye betwixt Ushant and the foresayd rockes or Ovens or else if you keepe S. Matthewes Abbey in the low valley to the eastwards of Conoort sayle so right with it then you run through neerest the east side and in the middest of the channell betwixt the foule ground and the Rockes untill you come thwart of Blanck-bay Blankbay or neare Conquets-oort there standeth a mill upon the high land alone when it is east from you then the souther Haghels souther Hagels lye west and by north from you and the norther Haghels Norther Haghels northwest and by west there is also a high flat peece of land a little to the Abbey of S. Matthewes the top if it being even and plaine like unto a long plaine house when that commeth even without the poynt Conquets-oort and the foresayd mill be east and by south and eastsoutheast from you then lye the north Haghels west by south from you so that when the foresayd mill is east thwart from you then are also the Haghels west thwart from you When Halman Halman or Hayman hill that is a high rock lying at the east end of Ushant commeth over the northwest end of the northermost Mollens by the French called Cheminees then are you also thwart of the Haghels Hee that must turne to windwards from the Fourne towards Conquer or S. Matthews poynt let him make use of these markes In the poynt of Conquet haven or Conquets oort Conquets oort are two valleys the one is great that is the westermost and one little that is the eastermost in manner as is here pourtrayed S. Matthews Cloyster Conquets oort When you runne over to the eastwards towards the land and that the Abbey of Saint Matthewes commeth a Capstane barrs length to the eastwards off the smallest valley according as is shewed in this figure then it is time to cast about and when you runne over to the westwards towards Ushant and that the foresayd Abbey off S. Matthewes commeth a little without the poynt off Conquet Haven you must also cast about for when the foresayd Abbey commeth two shippes lengths without the foresayd poynt then are you close by the Haghels The Norther and the Souther Haghels lye a bout a shot of a cast peece distant one from the other Two or three Cables lengths thwar ttfrom the poynt off Conquet haven or Conquets-oort to seawards lieth a sunckenrock which with a spring tyde commeth above water called the Vintner The Vintner by the French le Bell. For to avoyd it comming from the northwards or from the Fourne being come from the foresayd markes of S. Matthews Abbey in the great valley of Conquets-oort unto close by Conquets-oort then run close about by it alongst within a Cables length of the poynt or keepe the Abbey of S. Matthewes even without the poynt of Conquet-oort and so close about it within a cables length as before is sayd and then you shall leave the Vintner a Cables length or two on the starboard side of you and can take no hurt of it When the little Church upon the poynt off Conquets-oort is east from you then is the Vintner west right thwart from you or else when that the Souther-houses off Conquet beginne to come without or to the poynt off Conquet then you have also the Vintner upon you side west and west and by south from you a little shot off a cast peece If you sayle into Conquet-haven Conquet-haven then runne about the poynt within a cables length as is before sayd untill you see the haven open then you come against the Fenestiers Fenestiers which are rockes that lye off about a Cables length from the East land of Conquet-haven under water For to avoyd them runne alongst by the norther shoare untill you come within the Havâ—â— Betwixt the Fenestiers and the blanck Moines Blanck Moines that are rockes by Saint Matthewes poynt is a good Road under the Abbey of S. Matthewes as well for them that are bound to the northwards as to the southwards If you will goe into this road comming from Conquets-oort then run right with the blanck Moines untill that the Abbey of Saint Matthewes be eastsoutheast from you sayle then towards it untill you come before the Abbey and anchor there in 6 or 7 fathom About a league to the eastwards of S. Matthewes poynt towards Brest lyeth a suncken rock about halâ—e a shot of a cast peece from the north shoare If you will sayle into Brestwater then goe from S. Matthewes
and soft you can take no hurt of it although you sayled right against it The east poynt of the Cardinall and the entring off the Haven of Morbeam lye northnorthwest and s s.e one from the other Of the Tydes and Courses of the streames Without Ushant a westsouthwest and eastnortheast moone and within the Trade a southwest by west moone maketh full sea At S. Matthewes poynt a southwest and northeast Moon maketh highest water Jn the broad Sound betwixt Ushant and the Seames a w. s.w and e.n.e. moone maketh the highest water The floud falleth very strong upon Ushant and to the southwards of it through the Mullens Thwart over the Trade towards the Backovens Likewise in through the Broad Sound unto Brest Also alongst by S. Mathews point towards the Fourne or Backovens with great rippeling He that commeth sayling about Ushant must reckon thereupon In the Race of Fontenay a southwest and by south and northeast and by north moon maketh full sea The floud falleth very strong through betwixt the Keyser somwhat thwart over towards the Lavender with very great rippeling over the Calfe that is the ledge of Rocks which lyeth off from the Lavender from thence forth north and north and by west inwards to S. Mathews point With calms men must take very good heed not to be miscaried away with the current With stormy weather out of the north or south it is not without danger to come in this channell especially with an ebbe or out-fall On these coasts of Britaigne and the Islands there abouts a southwest and n.e. moon maketh the highest water but within the havens rivers indraughts bayes a s w and by w. and n.e. and by e. Moone or a poynt later according as the havens or rivers doe lye deepe in the land Men doe not reckon there any setting or running of the streames for the floud commeth through the swelling of the great Ocean right against the coasts and so runneth onely into the havens the Ebbe contrariwise goeth thwart from the shoare to seawards when it falleth soo that men cannot perceive any course off streames except it bee a little through or about some points off Islands On these lands as on all the coast off Britaigne a n. e. and southwest moon maketh high water and within the havens rivers and in-draughts a poynt or two later according as they lye far within the land On the Coastes and Islands a s w and northeast moone maketh high water within the Havens Rivers a point or two later according as they lye farre within the land Of the Depths about these places and in what depths men may see the land The Backovens or the land of the Foure men may see in 50 fathom Ushant being about s from you you may see in 50 fathom Southwest from Ushant 5 or 6 leagues off it is deepe 75 fathom and then you may see the land from the poop In the Broad Sound it is 45 fathom A little without the Seames about a league it is deepe 50 fathom Men may see the Seames and the Sheetes or Slaeplakens in 60 or 65 fathom Betwixt Ushant and the Seames in the fareway it is deepe 55 fathom Thwart of the Pennes and the Glanons men may see the land in 55 and 60 fathom Bell-Isle men may see from below in 55 but under the top in 60 fathom How these landes doe lye one from the other and from other lands From the Fourne to S. Matthewes poynt s s.e and s e and by south 4 or 5 leagues From S. Matthewes poynt to Croydon or Claesdowne e. southeast 3 leagues From S. Matthewes poynt to the Race of Fontenay or the Keyser south and by east 6 leagues From Ushant to Portland northeast 53 leagues From Ushant to the Steart northeast and by north 39 or 40 leagues From Ushant to the Lizart north 29 leagues From Ushant to Silly northwest and by north and n.n.w. 34 leagues From Ushant to Cape Cleare in Ireland northwest 78 leagues From Ushant to the Island of S. Michaels s w and by w. 360 leagues From Ushant to the Cape Finisterre southsouthwest westerly 121 leagues From Ushant to Cisarga southsouthwest 110 leagues From Ushant to Cape Prior s s.w 105 leagues From Ushant to C. de Pinas south 93 leagues From Ushant to Laredo s s.e 104 leagues When men sail away s and by east from Ushant then they run a little without the Seames From the Race of Fontenay to the Pennes southeast somewhat easterly 10 or 11 leagues From Fontenay to Oldyarne e. s.e 7 leagues From Oldyarne to the Pennes southeast and by south five leagues From the west end of the Seames to the Pennes e. s.e by east 13 leagues From the Seames to the Band or Craghe of Oleron s e and by east 68 leagues From the Seames to the Bayon in France southeast somewhat southerley 102 leagues From the Seames to S. Sebastians southeast and by south 102 leagues From the Seames to Bilbaw southsoutheast easterly 96 leagues From the Seames to Saint Andero southsoutheast 92 leagues From the Seames to Cape de Pinas or Tores south 81 leagues From the Seames to Ribadeus s by west 89. leagues From the Seames to Cape de Ortegall southsouthwest southerly 84 leagues From the Seames to C. Finisterre southwest by south southerly 112 leagues From the Seames to Silly Northnorthwest five and forty leagues From the west Pennes to the east Pennes or Glannons eastsoutheast 6 leagues From Glannons or Gloyland to Groy east and west nine or 10 leagues From the east end off Groy to the west end of Bell-Isle the course is southsoutheast 5 leagues From Glannons or Gloyland to Bell-Isle s e and by e. somewhat easterly 13 or 14 leagues From the northwest end of Bell-Isle to the southeast end the course is southeast and by east 5 leagues From the West Pennes to Bell-Isle eastsoutheast 21 leagues From the east end of Bell-Isle to the east end off the Cardinall east and by north 4 leagues From the east poynt off the Cardinall to the entring off Morbeam n.n.w. 4 leagues From the west Pennes to Viverus southsouthwest 84 leagues From the west Pennes to Sysarga southwest and by south 102 leagues From Groy to Viverus southwest and by s 90 leagues From Groy to Cape de Finisterre s w 123 leagues Heights Ushant lyeth in 48 degr 30 min. The Seames lye in 47 degr 58 min. The Island Bell-Isle lyeth in 47 degr 5 min. How these Lands doe shew themselves at sea When Ushant is south by west from you 4 leagues it sheweth it selfe in this forme Ushant being s and by e. from you 4 leag sheweth it selfe thus Thus sheweth Ushant being s e. from you 4 leag Ushant being south and by east from you 3 leagues sheweth it selfe thus Ushant being east from you 2 or 3 leagues sheweth it selfe thus Fontenay Oldyarne The Pennes Thus sheweth the Sheets or Slaeplakens with the Pennes as you sayle alongst by
the markes thereof are these There standeth a mill upon the high land somewhat farre within the land when that commeth over a countrey-mans house which standeth below by the river then are you thwart of the rocks being past them keep yet the north shoare and runne alongst by it untill you come within the poynt of S. Nazare and anchor there in 6 or 7 fathom In the middest of the river betwixt the foresayd rocks with the hole and S. Nazare lyeth a row of Rocks called Les Porceaux Les Porceaux these come at halfe tyde above water Because of them also more other shoals lying in the river you must run all alongst by the north shoare I as is before sayd Somewhat within S. Nazare upon the north-land standeth a sharp Tower when that commeth without the south land then you cannot take hurt of the foresand rocks run alongst to the northwards of them a little to the eastwards of them lyeth another shoale of Rocks where men may run about the eastwards of it with great shippes it is there very shoale water alongst to the poynt being within the poynt men may anchor as is sayd in 6 or 7 fathom To the eastwards of Saint Nazare lye two other villages and there betwixt the Villages it is very shoale and stony ground there men must borrow over the souther shoare but when you are halfe wayes to the eastermost Village then you may well sayle right on with the poynt of the Village untill you be past it but against that eastermost Village on the s side upon the poynt lyeth a banck called Pynbut Pynbut which lieth at least halfe wayes over in the River but men may run through betwixt the poynt and this bancke in 5 or 6 fathom this is the road for shippes that are bound out to sea A league further in in the middest of the river lie two stony banks in the fareway At Pelerin Pelerin is the lading place 2 leagues from Nantes where the good are brought off with Lighters from the ships but from S. Nazare to Nantes or Pelerin it is Pilots water which men do commonly take in by the above named sharp Tower called S. Nazare S. Nazare where men when they are within it may anchor in 10 or 12 fathom and stay for a Pilot. For to run into sea from S. Nazaro alongst to the south wards of the rock with the hole you must run first alongst by the north shoare as is before sayd untill that you come without the second poynt of the River edge then off from the north land to the middest of the River and sayle a good wayes about to the southwards of Pierre-perce when as you can see the Rocke which lieth to the northwards of Pierre-perce without the poynt there it is deepe 4 fâ—thom a halfe and when as Pierre-Perce is n. n.west and north and by west from you then you come thwart of the Rock and there you finde deeper water to wit 5 6 and at least 7 fathom but when you come in the fareway of Pickeliers then you get 10 or 12 fathom water Banks before the Loiret Before the River of Nantes lye many bancks but at half flood men goe over them the south poynt of the river of Nantes lyeth from the North poynt Northnorthwest and southsoutheast 4 leagues asunder to the southwards of it the land lyeth in with a great indraught and there men doe run into the Bay These uneven banks in the river of Nantes are very unlike sometimes men sound in 15 fathom and presently afterwards but 7 or 8 fathom But to sayle from Bell-Isle to the bay or Armentiers Armentiers you must goe e. s.e untill that you see the Abbey of Armentiers to the eastwards of the trees which stand within the land over the same Abbey then goe on e. and by n. so long untill that the Abbey come within the castle of Armentiers then are you within the Moncks legge Goe then againe e. s.e untill that you bee within the rock of Pierremen Pierremen you may goe about it on both sides and when that you can see the Grave open then you may anchor in 7 or 8 fathom and row a shoare to fetch a Pilot it is Pilots water From Bell-Isle to Armentiers the course is eastsoutheast about 12 or 13 leagues asunder From Armentiers to Use or Heys it is south and by east 7 leagues and from Bell-Isle to Use or Heys southeast 16 leagues The Island of Pickeliers Pickeliers lyeth right before the poynt of Armentiers Betwixt Armentiers or Pickeliers and Use it is an uneven fareway with many shoales and banks from 4 5 6 and 7 fathom Upon Use Heys or Use standeth a sharp tower and some little houses or mills whereby it is very easy to be knowne It is in the fareway betwixt Use and Bell-Isle 35 and 40 fathom but when men are within the fareway it is 25 fathom deepe Under Use it is not very good riding the sea commeth alwayes so rowling in as if the water came through under the Island at the northend it is shoale water the road is when the Church steeples is southwest from you in 8 or 9 fathom but men lye there not sheltred but onely for a south west and w. s.w winde and it doth ripple there allwayes very much From Use to the Killiats or to the Island of Saint Martens the courses is eastsoutheast twelve or thirteene leagues Betwixt both lyeth the Baerges of Olone about halfe a league off from the land of Poictou and east and by south seven leagues from Use in the right fareway and in regard that it is nothing but Rocks and stones therefore it is not good to come neare them in darke weather men may sayle round about them and at low water they are uncovered If you will sayle from Use unto the Killiaets or unto the tayle of Aise through within the Barges then sayle on first east and being within the Baerges of Olone sayle to the land of Poicton which lyeth from Olone to Saint Martens Island eastsoutheast and from Olone to the Pickelliers northwest From Olone to the Killiaets the coast lyeth most easâ—southeast foure or five leagues For to sayle into the Killiaets For to sayl into the Killiats which is in alongst to the northwards of the Island of S. Marten in betwixt the foresayd Island and the mayne land of Poictou you must goe in somewhat more northerly then the middle of the channell or leave two third parts of the channell towards S. Martens Island one third part towards the mayne land Alongst by the Island of S. Martens it is uneven and somewhat full of bancks come not too neare also the mayne land for there lye off also some banckes but you may borrow of them by your lead Goe in alongst as before is sayd Marks of the banck before S. Martens untill that the Church of S. Martin
you may also sayle about to the northwards of it and sayle in by the Tower of Voorn or Four At low water this river falleth dry at least 4 leagues within the land For to sayle from Burnt-Island to Burwage you must sayle away s s.e keepe the little Tower of Heer 's to the westwards of the wood so long untill the tower of Voorn or le Four come over the little red-tyled house that stands rpon the s side of the river of Sherrant sayle then in s e and by little little s e by east untill that Pront a village that lieth upon the strand commeth to the n. wards of Soubise when as then Soubise cometh within the foresayd village and the mill above the village then you shall be against the poynt of Oysterbanck Oysterbancks goe then in alongst s e. by south and bring that outermost little Tower of Heer 's over the outermost sandy place where the gallowes standeth by keep them so standing and sayle in s s.e when as then the little Tower of Heer 's commeth to the east side of the valley whicb is in the wood then keepe that sharpe little Tower right over the east side of the valley of the wood and sayle in so into the Creeke or river of Burwage At Burwage was wont not to stand a house where now is a strong faire Towne being builded so within 70 or 80 yeares past The Bannier lyeth alongst the land of Oleron and lyeth untill within Burnt-Island at low water it is uncovered and the tayle of it lyeth farre to the northwards If you should turn out from the Creek towards the Burnt Island then bring the Tower of Rochell not without the Burnt-Isand before you come thwart of it because of the Baniard Baniard thē you shall take no hurt of it At the south end of Oleron betwixt Oleron and the land to the southwards of it is yet another channell where men may sayle in and out called the Mamme-sound deep enough for great shipps it lyeth in from out of the sea east and by n. being come there within there runneth up ariver southeast towards Sales where men doe lade salt being past that to the other poynt of the Mamme-sound Mamme sound lyeth a plate where of men runne to the northwards upon these marks you must keepe the mill that standeth upon the lands of Oleron over the trees and so you shall runne to the northward off the plate there is the road for them that will lade salt at Oleron or Olderdon But if you will runne in through and out againe then you must fayle so farre to the eastwards untill that Sales come over the trees which stand within Merven for to avoyd the tayle or riffe that shooteth of from Oleron when Sales commeth over the trees sayle then north and by w. on the Burnt-Island but bring Duke Charles Tower to the s wards of the Burnt-Island for not to sayle within the Banniard When the little Tower of Heer 's commeth to the wood keepe it then so standing untill Rochell commeth over the north side of the Burnt-Island sayle then out at the Portrush There shooteth of also a riffe from the west-end of Saint Martens Island Riffe at S. Martens Island where of you must take heed About south or a little more westerly thirteene leagues from the Island Use southwest and by west from the Island S. Martens and w.n.w. or somewhat more northerly from the river of Burdeaux lye the Rockes of Rockedon or Rochebon Rocks of Rochebon of some called Urkamia in forme of a Trevet or Brandize The southermost of the three is the shoalest whereupon remaineth at low water about 2 fathom depth At the southeast side the ground is black little stones and at the northeast side white sand but you may not come neare them by your lead sound by them A little to the westwards not farre from the foresayd rocks lyeth yet another rock where upon is at low water 5 fathom water neverthelesse with a storme the sea breaketh terribly upon it Of the Tydes and Courses and streames Upon all these a foresayd places as kewise over the whole bending of the French Coast as alsoo before the River of Bordeaux a southwest northe moone maketh the highest water Of the Depths ahout these places and in what depths men may see the land Bell-Isle men may see from below in 55 but under the top in 60 fathom Without Use it is 35 fathom deep and then men may see the land from below when it is cleare weather men may see it in 60 fathom Westsouthwest from Use about 9 leagues you shall find 45 and 46 fathom the ground is full of fine small stones as greate as course sand and verry steepe The land of Olone men may see it from below in 25 and 30 fathom S. Martens Island and the north end off Oleron men may see in 28 and 30 fathom When men get sight off S. Martens Island they shall see upon it a high Tower with a high house and upon the strand a mill with foure or five high sand-hills Upon Oleron men shall see a high spire Tower upon a red poynt where men shall see some trees stand over it and to the southwards of it is at 2 or 3 places ragged sandhills How these lands doe lye one from the other and from other lands From Bell-Isle to the river of Bourdeaux southeast somewhat southerly 47 leagues From Bell-Isle to S. Sebastians s s.e southerly 75 leg From Bell-Isle to S. Andero south 71 leagues From Bell-Isle to C. de Pinas or Tores s s.w somewhat westerly 76 leagues From Bell-Isle to Cape de Ortegall s w 88 leagues From Bell-Isle to Cape de Finisterre s w 121 leagues From the east poynt of the Cardinall to Croswyck e.n.e. 7 leagues From the poynt of Croswyck to Pierre-Perce east s e. 4 leagues From the Cardinall to Old-downes e. n. e. 7 leagues From the north poynt of the River of Nantes to the Picqueliers n.n.e. 7 leagues From Pierremen to Armentiers westsouthwest 2 leag From Armentiers or Picqueliers to the West end of Use s by e. s s.e at last 7 leagues From the east end of Bell-Isle to Use southeast easterly 16 leagues From Use to the Barges of Olone e. by s 7 leagues From Use to the Killiates or S. Martens Island e. s.e 12 or 13 leagues From Use to Cape de Pinas southwest and by south 75 leagues From Use to Cape de Ortegall southwest and by west 93 leagues From Use to Portrush or the Band of Oleron the course is southeast and by east 15 or 16 leag From the Band or Craghe of Oleron to the Tower of Cordan s s.e and s and by e. 14 or 15 leagues From S. Martins Island to the tower of Cordan or the river of Bourdeaux s s.e 16 leagues From S. Martens Islands to Cape de Pinas southwest somewhat westerly 80
w. and by north from you From the poynt of Bilboa to Castro Castro the course is w. 5 leagues that is a good haven for 6 7 and 8 fathom depth The narrow of the haven lieth in south in 10 fathom But further in the river towards the towne it is not deeper then 3 or 4 fathom From Bilbao to the hill of S. Anthonies M. S. Anthony it is w. and by north nine or ten leagues From Castro to Laredo the course is west distant five leagues upon the west side lyeth the foresayd hill of S. Anthonies which is a high hill men may sayle in close alongst by it untill they come about the east poynt within it is wide and broad and a fit haven for great shippes there men may anchor in seven or eight fathom To the eastwards over against the hill of S. Anthonies in the middest of the sound lyeth a rane of rockes under water Suncken Rocks where men may sayle in about it on both sides men may easily espy them because it doth alwaies breake upon them within them is the road for ordinary ships a little before the haven which is built with a wall But the great shippes lye a little further off in 6 or 7 fathom depth On the south side of the haven is a little tyde-haven from the same there commeth a great riffe shooting off from the east side towards the hill of S. Anthonies within it is two fathom water right before the village from the village commeth a tayle of sand lying thwart out within it at low water it is a fathom deepe In the middest of the sound it is nine fathom and at the poynt of Saint Anthonies 20 fathom deep From S. Anthonies hill to Cape de Kesgo C. Kesgo it is west and w. and by s 2 leagues that is a great Cape lying to the eastwards of S. Andero thwart of it is clean ground From Cape de Kesgo to the west poynt of S. Andero it is w. by s 5 leagues a little to the s wards of the point of S. Andero S. Andero upon the e. poynt of Sardinis is a sand-bay there is good anchoring in ten fathom From C. de Kesgo to the haven of S. Andero the course is w. s.w distant 2 great leagues S. Andero lieth within a Bay there lyeth an Island before the haven men may go about it on both sides it is deepe 8 9 fa. but to the s wards of the Island it is deep 5 6 7 fathom according as men will come near to the strand the haven lieth in first w.n.w. The Island lieth a great league within the bay from the east point of the haven unto the west point of the land it is south and north about a great league S. Anthonies and the west point of S. Andero lie one from the other e. and w. about 5 leagues For to know the land when you fall with the land about Laredo Laredo you must know that on the w. side of the haven of Laredo lyeth the hill of S. Anthonies which is a very high hill which men may see very farre from the e. and the w. a little above the towne of Laredo men may see alsoo a sharpe hill like the poynt of a Diamond or the poynt of a two hand sword further it is about Laredo very high double land two three and at some places foure double The hill of S. Anthonies doth arise in two high hommockes with a valley or saddle in the middest betwixt them both within in the land lye also two high hills with sharpe topps Above and to the w. wards of S. Anthonies lyeth a piece of land judged to bee about two leagues long which lyeth in five hills the eastermost is the lowest and rise all higher and higher towards the west so that at the last to the westermost is the highest which goeth off somewhat flat downward towards the west Betwixt that eastermost hill and S. Anthonies lyeth a bay about a league long called the Bay of Port Bay of Port. men cannot see these foresayd hills when they are close by the land but they must be a good wayes off to seawards To the westwardes of these foresayd hills lyeth an other peece of land which at the east end is highest and goeth sloping off towardes the west end allmost like Portland Betwixt that poynt and the five foresayd hills lyeth an other sand-Bay where abouts stand some little houses but by it lye many rockes fowle ground There abouts within the land lyeth the foresayd high round sharpe hill in forme like the poynt of a sword S. Andero hath but few hills that are easy to be knowne but when men are before the haven then they shall see to the eastwards of the towne a Castro upon a high hill in forme like a Sugerloafe or a hay-cock and to the eastwards of it is much double land of two and three heights double But when men come about the Cape de Kesgo then they shall see presently the castle upon the west land From S. Andero to Cape de Pinas the course is w. or a little more noâ—therly 31 or 32 leagues Betwixt them both lye these havens following First the haven of S. Martin S. Martin or Settevilles Settevills a tyde-haven lying east and west 4 leagues from S. Andero From thence to S. Vincent S. Vincent alsoo a tyde-haven is five leagues distant the haven goeth in on the eâ—st side from the west side commeth shooting off a â—â—â—le riffe and in the midst of the havens mouth lyeth a little Island where men may goe in on both sides From S. Vincent to Lhanes Lhanes a tyde-haven the course is west 2 or 3 leagues Upon the west side of the haven standeth a little Church and a little within the haven lyeth a middle plate or sand men must go in on the w. side of the sand these are all narrow havens but little knowne From Lhanes to Rio de Sella the course is w. 5 or 6 leagues betwixt them both lye alongst the coast many rocks within them many sand-bayes where men for need might save ships Hee that will goe into Rio de Sella Rio de Selâ—a must look out for a mast which stands upon the east land close by the same men must goe in the west side is within fowle within the mast men must anchor before the village this is also a tyde-haven From Rio de Sella to Villa Viciose Villa Viciosa it is west 9 leagues this is also a tyde-haven but is clean the havens mouth lyeth in s s.e and s e and by s close alongst by the west poynt of the land the east side is fowle unto the middest of the haven there lyeth a rock with a plate right in the midst of the haven which at low water fall dry so soon as men are within that rock they must anchor within the rock upon
the west side lyeth the towne men may alsoo sayle up to it anchor there in the shoale water Sâ—x leagues to the westwards of Villa Viciosa lyeth the out-poynt of Sanson Sanson to the eastwards of it lyeth a little Island where upon standeth a little Tower Betwixt Sanson and the foresayd little Island is a good road in six or seven fathom At the west side of Sanson is alsoo a good road right before the little haven of Sanson in 6 or 7 fathom To the westwâ—rdes of Sanson lyeth Gion Gion with a Piere or Head that is paled off under the which the Fishermen which dwell there lay theyr barkes A great league to the westwards of Gion lyeth the Bay of Tores a good road for a southwest and west wind in 8 and 9 fathom Upon the poynt standeth a high tower Three leagues to the westwards of Tores Tores lyeth Cape de Pinas where many rockes lye off to seawards at least a halfe league of some doe say that men may sayle through betwixt the poynt these rockes From the cape de Pinas C. de Pinas lyeth off a rane of rockes lying at the least a halfe league into sea some say that men may sayle through betwixt the point and these rockes But a little within or to the westwards off the Cape de Pinas lyeth a great rock betwixt that rocke and the land men may sayle through When men are within the Cape de Pinas then lyeth Avilles three leagues from thence southsouthwest which is a good tyde-haven where a great shippe may well goe in at halfe flood alsoo there is a good road before this haven in 6 and 7 fathom For to sayle in there men must goe in by the e. land the west-land is farre off shoale there standeth a little Chappell upon the east-land men must sayle in close by it and anchor a little wayes within two rockes that lye on the east side a little within the havens mouth The towne lyeth a league further up From the west poynt runneth off a riffe and lyeth inwards alongst the haven towardes the town so that it is there very shoale on both sides On the west side without the haven in the bight lye 2 great rockes right before the little Church in the Sand-bay men sayle round about them but it is not very cleane but without the rocks good anchor ground in 7 or 8 fathom over against the little Church that standeth against the high land From Avilles Avilles to Luarca Luarca is 6 leagues and from Luarca to Ribadeus w. s.w 6 leagues from Aviles to Ribadeus s w. and by w. 12 leagues From the east poynt off the havens mouth of Ribadeus Ribadeus lyeth off a ledge or riffe off rocks towards the w. shoare you may found in about it in foure fathom or foure fathom and a halfe or else if you keepe the little towne Castropoll even without the poynt so sayle right in with it then you shall not come too neere the foresayd ledge but you shall sayle far enough alongst to the westwards off it The w. poynt sheweth it selfe when you come in out of the sea like an Island upon it at the norâ—h end standeth a flat tower allmost like the tower in the Groyne but not so great About thwart off that Tower lyeth a suncken rocke a little wayes from the land you must look out for it and take heed off it when there commeth in any great sea you can easily espye it by the breaking of the sea upon it but not with smooth water at the very lowest water it commeth even with the water The w. shoare is fowle and rocky there runneth off to the southwards of the fotesayd Tower also a fowle ledge or riffe off rockes at least halfe wayes over the havens mouth and at the side of it you cannot use the lead When you are past the ledge or riffe that lyeth off from the east shoare you must run in about it and edge in somewhat to the e. shoare and sayle in alongst by it untill that you are past or come to the end of the foresayd ledge or riffe off rockes which lyeth off from the west shoare as soone as you shall bee past it you must luffe up about it towards the west shoare for to give the e. shoare within the havens mouth a birth which is a great wayes within very flat or shoale but on the w. side it is deep water There standeth a little Tower on the w. shoare a little within the point where the riffe lyeth off which you shall see when you are come within the west poynt and run alongst by the riffe when you get that little tower w. or thwart of you then are you at the end of the riffe then you must sayle towards that little Tower untill that you come to the w. shoare and run in alongst by it untill you come before the Towne there you must lye with an anchor to seawards and with a cable fast on the rockes A little league to the w. wards of Ribadeus lyeth a tyde-haven he that commeth from the w. alongst by the shoare thwart of it should lightly thinke that to bee the haven of Ribadeus but it is light to discerne from it by these markes following On both sides of this tyde-haven are the coasts all high land but on both sides of the havens mouth of Ribadeus it is low land Also there lyeth a high sharpe hill very easy to be knowne which ariseth out above all other hills thereabouts which may bee knowne at least 7 or 8 leagues off upon it lye some heapes of stones appearing like little houses when that you have that hill s s.w from you sayle in so right with it then you shall bee with the land right before the havens mouth of Ribadeus Northwest from Ribadeus about 8 leagues lyeth the Cabo de Brilo a little to the westwards of it lyeth the little towne Viverus Viverus To the westwardes off the Bay off Cyspriaen where men may anchor in ten fathom lye two great high rockes w. north w. from these rockes about a halfe league lyeth the Island S. Cyprian right before the haven of Viverus whereby this haven is easy to beknowne you may sayle about on both sides off this Island into the haven off Viverus in all alongst in the middle of the channell south and south and by w. untill you come before the town being within you may anchor where you will either on the e. or w. side it is there shoale water of 5 6 7 8 fathom according as you run farre in Of the Tydes and Courses and streames Upon the Coasts of Biscay wee find no runnings of streames but a south e. and north w. moone maketh upon the whole coast the highest water but within the Rivers a poynt later Courses and Distances From Saint Sebastiaen to Gateria west and by north 7 leagues From Gateria to C.
When the Pico of Teneriffe is westsouthwest from you then are you open before this road of S. Cruz and when you lye in the road of S. Cruz you may see the Island of great Canaries southeast from you about 13 leagues On the northwest side of Teneriffe lieth the road of Garrichica from the northeast point Punte de Nago westsouthwest and southwest by west eight or nine leagues He that will anchor before Garrichica let him anchor to the westwards of the rock with the crosse called the Lion so that the foresayd rock do lie southeast and by east and southeast from him then he shall lie right before the towne and may see right into the street of the town through the Cloister of S. Dominicus there is clean ground in 36 or 40 fathom the Pieck lieth then over the w. side off the town nearer to the land or to the rock then in 35 or 36 fathom it is not cleane westwards towards the riffe Lapania it is also foule ground This is a dangerous road therefore every one that commeth here must be very carefull to have their anchors cables and sailes very preedy and ready for to shift roads as soon as it beginneth to be a storme There is also a little haven before Garrichica where men may lie with a few ships For to sayle in there you must have a Pilot. On the west side of the havens mouth lieth a rock under water but the sea breaketh alwayes upon it you may anchor within in the haven in five or six fathom and must bring two anchors out a head to seawards with a cable on the rocks and an anchor out a stearn on the land so that the ships cannot wend too and again the ground is there foule you must buye up your cables with buyes and cask for to keep them from the ground This is a good haven in Summer then it is commonly good weather but in the winter it is not good to com in there with a ship for the grown sea out of the n. west commeth running in there sometimes so forcible and strong that it is not possible to hold a ship although she had to anchors out It hath hapned certain years past that there was lost in the same haven a great many ships and a great many houses of the same towne washed away with the great water Betwixt Garrichica and the east end of Teneriffe are three lading places more for to lade wine at as Maramela Relecho and Oratama At the southwest end of Teneriffe lieth also another little haven or Bay where is much wines laden called Adessa there is also good lying except it be with a s w winde which bloweth there open in From Teneriffe to the Island la Palma the course is westnorthwest twenty leagues On the southeast side la Palma lieth a faire Bay with a town and lade-place called S. Cruz. He that commeth from the northwards and desireth to anchor in the road let him run so far in the Bay untill he be to the southwards or past the head or the bridge and anchor there in 25 or 30 fathom In winter time men must not anchor so near the strand because of the southeast or southsoutheast windes for then they should lie too near the strand Men lye there moored with two anchors for the sea winde with a small anchor out a stearn for to keep the ship right in the road there lyeth to the eastwards of the towne a high white rock with a crosse there is the best road A little to the northwards of the town is a faire sand-bay there is good anchoring in 20 30 or 35 fathom according as men will lye far off the Road is called the Rammell road When men lie in the road of Palma they may see the Pieck of Teneriffe lie eastsoutheast from them The Island Palma is very high and full of trees whereby it is easy to bee known On the southwest side of la Palma is another place where men lade wines called Tassa Corda About 5 leagues west from the west end of Teneriffe lieth the Island Gomera which hath on the n. e. side a good haven of 10 fathom deep where is good lying almost for all windes better then in any of the other Islands but there is nothing to lade Men may alsoo anchor without before the haven in 20 fathom but they must shift roads there as at Garrichica The road of Adessa in Teneriffe lieth right over against it east off from it about 5 leagues The road of Palma lyeth from this haven in Gomera northwest and by north 16 leagues The Island Ferro lieth from the Island Palma south and by west distant 13 leagues Of the Tydes On the Islands of the Canaries maketh at the most places the natural tyde to wit a southwest and northeast Moone the highest water Of the Courses of the Sunne From the west point of Forteventura to the Island of great Canaries east and west 19 or 20 leagues From the north poynt of the Canaries to Punte de Nago the northeast point of Teneriffe westn w 21 leagues From Punte de Nago to Garrichica westsouthwest and southwest and by west 8 or 9 leagues From Teneriffe to Isle de Palma w.n.w. 18 leagues From the west end of Teneriffe to Gomera w. 5 leagues From the Palma to Ferro south and by west 13 leagues From great Canaries to Salvages northn w 40 leagues From Garrichica to Salvages northnortheast and north and by east 30 leagues From Teneriffe to the Isle de Madera north 72 leagues From great Canaries to the east end of Madera north by west 85 leagues From la Palma to Madera north and by e. 60 leagues From Salvages to the Serters of Madera n. 46 leagues The outermost of the Serters lyeth from Madera 4 leagues From Madera to S. Michaels n. w. 136 leagues From the west end of Forteventura to the C. de Bajador south and south and by west 20 leagues From Lancerota to the Cape S. Vincent northnortheast 180 leagues From great Canaries to Cales northeast 240 leagues From great Canaries to the C. S. Vincent northeast and by north 210 leagues From great Canaries to Roxent northnortheast somewhat easterly 240 leagues From great Canaries to C. de Finisterre northnortheast somewhat northerly 307 leagues From Teneriffe to the Lizart northnortheast distant 467 leagues From the Palma to Cape S. Vincent n.e. 224 leagues From Madera to Cape de Geer eastsoutheast 128 leag From Madera to Saffia east 130 leagues From Madera to Cales eastnortheast 200 leagues From Madera to Roxent northeast 178 leagues From Madera to the C. Finisterre northeast by north somewhat northerly 245 leagues Heights The Island Lancerota lieth in 28 degrees 35 minutes The north end of the great Canaries lieth in 28 degrees 14 minutes The north end of the Teneriffe in 28 degrees 40 minutes Isle de Palma in 28 degrees 10 minutes Salvages in 30 degrees The southermost part of Madera in 32 degrees But the northermost in 32 degrees 30 minutes Porto Santo in 33 degrees How these Lands doe shew themselves at sea Hil with the Mizen Thus sheweth the south-coast of Forteventura when the hill with the white Mizen is northwest and by north about a-league from you Thus sheweth the northwest side of great Canaries Thus sheweth Teneriffe when the Pico is westsouthwest from you and then you are open before the Roade of Saint Cruz. Thus sheweth Teneriffe when the Pico is southeast from you and then are you open before the Roade of Garrichica When la Palma is about east from you 16 or 17 leagues then it ariseth thus When Porto Santo is s and by w. from you about 9 leag then it sheweth it selfe thus Thus sheweth the Island Palma being south and south and by east nine or ten leagues from you Thus sheweth the Island Palma being southwest by south 4 or 5 leagues from you When Salvages is eastsoutheast five leagues from you it sheweth it selfe thus When Salvages is eastsoutheast five leagues from you it ariseth thus When Porto Sancto is about south 5 or 6 leagues from you then sheweth it selfe thus Thus sheweth the Island Madera when you come from the northwards that the middest of the Island is 10 or 12 leagues from you the southeast end is very ragged when you are neere by it the northwest end is a steep point going sloping downe Thus sheweth the Island Madera being southwest from you When Madera is westsouthwest from you 13 leagues it ariseth thus When Madera is south from you 16 leagues it sheweth it selfe thus FINIS