the king of Spaine So after this maner they diuided the world betweene them Now for that these Islands of Spicery fall neere the terme and limites betweene these princes for as by the sayd Card you may see they begin from one hundred and sixtie degrees of longitude and ende in 215 it seemeth all that falleth from 160 to 180 degrees should be of Portingal and all the rest of Spaine And for that their Cosmographers and Pilots coulde not agree in the situation of the sayde Islandes for the Portingals set them all within their 180 degrees and the Spaniards set them all without and for that in measuring all the Cosmographers of both partes or what other that euer haue bene cannot giue certaine order to measure the longitude of the worlde as they doe of the latitude for that there is no starre fixed from East to West as are the starres of the Poles from North to South but all mooueth with the moouing diuine no maner can bee founde howe certainely it may bee measured but by coniectures as the Nauigants haue esteemed the way they haue gone But it is manifest that Spaine had the situation of al the lands from Cape Verde toward the Orient of y e Portingals to their 180 degrees And in all their Cardes they neuer hitherto set the saide Islands within their limitation of the sayd 180 degrees though they knewe very well of the Islands till now that the Spaniards discouered them And it is knowen that the king of Portingal had trade to these Islands afore but would neuer suffer Portingal to go thither from Calicut for so much as he knew that it fell out of his dominion least by going thither there might come some knowledge of those other Islands of the king of Spaine but bought the cloues of Marchants of that countrey that brought them to Calicut much deerer then they would haue cost if he had sent for them thinking after this maner it would abide alwayes secret And now that it is discouered he sendes and keepes the Spaniards from the trade all that he can Also it should seeme that when this foresaid consent of the diuision of the worlde was agreed of betweene them the king of Portingal had already discouered certaine Islandes that lie ouer against Cape Verde and also certaine part of the maine land of India toward the South from whence he fette Brasill and called it the land of Brasil So for that all should come in his terme and limites hee tooke three hundred and seuentie leagues beyond Cape Verde and after this his 180 degrees being his part of the worlde should begin in the Carde right ouer against the 340 degrees where I haue made a little compasse with a crosse and should finish at the 160 degree where also I haue made another little marke And after this computation without any controuersie the Islands of the spicery fal out of the Portingals domination So that nowe the Spaniards say to the Portingals that if they would beginne their 180 degrees from the sayde Cape Verde to the intent they should extende more toward the Orient and so to touch those Islandes of the Spicerie of the Emperour which is al that is betweene the two crosses made in this Card that then the Islands of Cape Verde and the lande of Brasil that the Portingals nowe obtaine is out of the sayd limitation and that they are of the Emperours Or if their 180 degrees they count from the 370 leagues beyond the said Cape Verde to include in it the said Islands and lands of Brasil then plainely appeareth the said 180 degrees should finish long before they come to these Islands of the Spicerie of the Emperour As by this Carde your Lordship may see For their limits should begin at the 340 degrees of this Carde and ende at the 160 degrees where I haue made two little markes of the compasse with crosses in them So that plainely it should appeare by reason that the Portingals should leaue these Islands of Cape Verde and land of Brasil if they would haue part of the Spicerie of the Emperours or els holding these they haue no part there To this Portingals say that they will beginne their 180 degrees from the selfe same Cape Verde for that it may extende so much more toward the Orient and touch these Islandes of the Emperours and would winne these Islandes of Cape Verde and land of Brasil neuerthelesse as a thing that they possessed before the consent of this limitation was made So none can verely tell which hath the best reason They be not yet agreed Quare sub Iudice lis est But without doubt by all coniectures of reason the sayd Islands fall all without the limitation of Portingal and pertaine to Spaine as it appeareth by the most part of all the Cardes made by the Portingals saue those which they haue falsified of late purposely But now touching that your Lordship wrote whether that which we discouered toucheth any thing the foresayd coastes once it appeareth plainely that the Newefound land that we discouered is all a maine land with the Indies Occidentall from whence the Emperour hath all the gold and pearles and so continueth of coast more then 5000 leagues of length as by this Carde appeareth For from the said New lands it proceedeth toward the Occident to the Indies and from the Indies returneth toward the Orient and after turneth Southward vp tillit come to the Straits of Todos Saâ—tos which I reckon to be more then 5000 leagues So that to the Indias it should seeme that we haue some title at least that for our discouering we might trade thither as other doe But all this is nothing neere the Spicerie Now then it from the sayd New found lands the Sea be nauigable there is no doubt but sayling Northward and passing the Pole descending to the Equinoctial line we shall hit these Islands and it should be a much shorter way then either the Spaniards or the Portingals haue For we be distant from the Pole but thirty and nine degrees and from the Pole to the Equinoctiall be ninetie the which added together bee an hundred twenty and nine degrees leagues 2489. and miles 7440 Where we should find these Islands And the Nauigation of the Spaniards to the Spicerie is as by this Carde you may see from Spaine to the Islandes of Canarie and from these Islandes they runne ouer the line Equinoctiall Southwarde to the Cape of the maine land of the Indians called the Cape of Saint Augustine and from this Cape Southwards to the straites of Todos Santos in the which nauigation to the said straites is 1700. or 1800 leagues and from these Straites being past them they returne towarde the line Equinoctiall to the Islands of Spicerie which are distant from the saide Straites 4200. or 4300. leagues The nauigation of the Portingals to the said Islandes is departing from Portingal Southward towarde the Cape Verde and from
should continue or prosecute the same The voyage of the Grace of Bristol of M. Rice Iones a Barke of thirty fiue sunnes vp into the Bay of Saint Laurence to the Northwest of Newefoundland as farre as the Isle of Assumption or Natiscotec for the barbes or â—ynnes of Whales and traine Oyle made by Siluester Wyet Shipmaster of Bristoll WEe departed with the aforesaid Barke manned with twelue men for the place aforesaid from Bristoll the 4 of Aprill 1594. and fell with Cape d'Espere on the coast of Newefoundland the nineteneth of May in the height of 47. We went thence for Cape Raz being distant from thence 18 or 19 leagues the very same day The 20. day we were thwart of Cape Raz Then we set our course Northwest for Cape S. Marie which is distant from Cape Raz 19 leagues and is on the Eastside of the great bay of Placentia almost at the entrie thereof From thence we shaped our course for the Islands of S. Pedro passing by the broken Islands of the Martyers and when we were thwart of the said Isles of the Martyers our course to the Isles of S. Pedro was West and by North. In these Isles of S. Pedro there is a faire harbour which we went into with our barke and found there 2 ships of Sibiburo fishing for Cod where we stayed 2 dayes and tooke in balest for our ship There are as faire and tall firre trees growing therein as in any other part of Newfoundland Then wee departed thence and as we came out of the harbours mouth we laid the ship vpon the lee and in 2 houres space we tooke with our hookes 3 or 4 hundred great Cods for our prouision of our ship Then we departed from the Isle of S. Pedro to enter into the gulffe of S. Laurence betwene Cape Briton and the said Isle and set our course West North West and fel with Cape de Rey which wee found to be distant from the Isles of S. Pedro 42 leagues From Cape de Rey to Cape de Angullie we set our course Northnorthwest being distant thence 12 or 13 leagues From the Cape de Angullie into the Bay of S. George we ran Northeast and by East some 18 or 19 leagues In this bay of Saint George we found the wrackes of 2 great Biskaine ships which had bene cast away three yeres before where we had some seuen or eight hundred Whale finnes and some yron bolts and chaines of their mayne shrouds fore shroudes al their traine was beaten out with the weather but the caske remained still Some part of the commodities were spoiled by tumbling downe of the clifts of the hils which couered part of the caske and the greater part of those Whale finnes which we vnderstood to be there by foure Spaniards which escaped were brought to S. Iohn de Luz Here we found the houses of the Sauages made of fiâ—re trees bound together â—â— the top and set round like a Doue-house and couered with the barkes of firre trees wee found also some part of their victuals which were Deeres flesh roasted vpon wooden spits at the fire a dish made of a ryne of a tree sowed together with the smowes of the Deere wherein was oâ—e of the Deere There were also foules called Cormorants which they had pulckt and made ready to haue dressed and there we found a wooden spoone of their making And we discerned the tracks of the feete of some fortie or fiftie men women and children When we had dispatched our businesse in this bay of S. George and stayed there ten dayes wee departed for the Northren point of the said bay which is nine or ten leagues broade Then being enformed that the Whales which are deadly wounded in the grand Bay and yet escape the fisher for a time are woont vsually to shoot themselues on shore on the Isle of Assumption or Natiscotec which lieth in the very mouth of the great riuer that runneth vp to Canada we shaped our course ouer to that long Isle of Natiscotec and wee found the distance of the way to the Estermost ende thereof to be about forty foure leagues and it standeth in the latitude of 49. Here we arriued about the middest of Iune at the East end and rode in eighteene fadome water in faire white sand and very good ankerage and for tryall heaued a lyne ouerboorde and found wonderfull faire and great Cod fish we went also seuen of vs on shore and found there exceeding fayre great woods of tall firre trees and heard and sawe store of land and sea foules and sawe the footing of diuers beastes in the sand when we were on shore From the Easter end we went to the Norther side of the Island which we perceiued to be but narrow in respect of the length thereof And after wee had searched two dayes and a night for the Whales which were wounded which we hoped to haue found there and missed of our purpose we returned backe to the Southwarde and were within one league of the Island of Penguin which lyeth South from the Eastermost part of Natiscotec some twelue leagues From the Isle of Penguin wee shaped our course for Cape de Rey and had sight of the Island of Cape Briton then returned wee by the Isles of Saint Pedro and so came into the Bay of Placencia and arriued in the Easterside thereof some ten leagues vp within the Bay among the fishermen of Saint Iohn de Luz and of Sibiburo and of Biskay which were to the number of threescore and odde sayles whereof eight shippes onely were Spaniardes of whom we were very well vsed and they wished heartily for peace betweene them and vs. There the man of Saint Iohn and Sibiburo men bestowed two pinnesses on vs to make vp our voyage with fish Then wee departed ouer to the other side of the Bay where we arriued in an harbour which is callâ—d Pesmarck and there made our stage and fished so long that in the ende the Sauages came and in the night when our men were at rest cut both our pinnesse and our shippes boate away to our great hinderance of our voyage yet it was our good fortune to finde out our pinnesses and get them againe Then for feare of a shrewder turne of the Sauages we departed for Cape Saint Marie and hauing passed Cape Raz we passed Northwaâ—de fourteene leagues and arriued in Farrillon and finding there two and twentie sayles of Englishmen wee made vp our fishing voyage to the full in that harborough the twentieth foure of August to our good content and departing thence we arriued first in Combe and staied there a seuen night and afterward in Hungrod in the riuer of Bristoll by the grace of God the 24 of Sâ—ptember 1594. The voyage of M. Charles Leigh and diuers others to Cape Briton and the Isle of Ramea THe Hopewell of London of the burthen of 120 tunnes whereof was M. William Crafton
This Island is so full of birds that all our ships might easily haue bene fraighted with them yet for the great number that there is it would not seeme that any were taken away We to victuall our selues filled two boats of them This Island hath the Pole eleuated 49 degrees and 40 minutes Upon the eight of the sayd moneth we sailed further with a prosperous weather came to the Port called The Port of white sands that is in the Bay called The Bay of Castelâ— where we had purposed to meete stay together the 15 of the said moneth In this place theâ—efore we looked for our fellowes that is to say the other two ships till the 26 of the moneth on which day both came together So soone as our fellowes were come we set our ships in a readines taking in both water wood other necessaries And then on the 29 of the sayd moneth early in the morning we hoised saile to passe on further sayling along the Northerne coast that runneth Northeast and Southwest til two houres after Sun-set or thereabouts then we crossed along two Islands which doe stretch further foorth then the others which we called S. Williams Islands being distant about 20 leagues or more from the Port of Brest All the coast from the Castels to that place lieth East West Northeast Southwest hauing betweene it sundry little Islands altogether barren and full of stones without either earth or trees except certain valleyâ— only The next day being the 30 of Iuly we sailed on Westward to find out other Islands which as yet we had not found 12 leagues and a halfe among which there is a great Bay toward the North all full of Islands and great creekes where many good harboroughs seeme to be them we named S. Marthas Islands from which about a league and a halfe further into the sea there is a dangerous shallow wherein are fiue rockes which lie from Saint Marthas Islands about seuen leagues as you passe into the sayd Islands on the East on the West side to which we came the sayd day an houre after noone from that houre vntill midnight we sailed about fifteene leagues â—thwart a cape of the lower Islands which we named S. Germans Islands Southeastward from which place about three leagues there is a very dangerous shallow Likewise betweene S. Germans cape and Saint Marthas about two leagues from the sayd Islands there lyeth a banke of sand vpon which banke the water is but foure fadome deepe and therefore seeing the danger of the coast we strucke saile and went no further that night The next day being the last of Iuly we went all along the coast that runneth East and West and somewhat Southeasterly which is all enuironed about with Islands and drie sands and in trueth is very dangerous The length from S. Germans Cape to the said Islands is about 17 leagues and a halfe at the end of which there is a goodly plot of ground full of huge and high trees albeit the rest of the coast be compassed about with sands without any signe or shew of harboroughs till we came to Cape Thiennot which treÌ„deth Northwest about seuen leagues from the foresaid Islands which Cape Thiennot we noted in our former voyage and therefore we sailed on all that night West and Westnorthwest till it was day and then the wind turned against vs wherefore we went to seeke a hauen wherein we might harbour our ships and by good hap found one fit for our purpose about seuen leagues and a halfe beyond Cape Thiennot that we named S. Nicholas Hauen it lieth amidst 4 Islands that stretch into the sea Upon the neerest wee for a token set vp a woodden crosse But note by the way that this crosse must be brought Northeast then bending toward it leaue it on the left hand and you shall find sixe fadome water and within the hauen foure Also you are to take heede of two shelues that leane outward halfe a league All this coast is full of shoulds and very dangerous albeâ—t in sight many good hauens seeme to be there yet is there nought else but shelues and sands We staied and rested our selues in the sayd hauen vntill the seuenth of August being Sonday on which day we hoysed sayle and came toward land on the South side toward Cape Rabast distaâ—t from the sayd hauen about twentie leagues Northnortheast and Southsouthwest but the next day there rose a stormie and a contrary winde and because we could find no hauen there toward the South thence we went coasting along toward the North beyond the aboue sayd hauen about ten leagues where we found a goodly great gulfe full of Islands passages and entrances toward what wind so euer you please to bend for the knowledge of this gulfe there is a great Island that is like to a Cape of lande stretching somewhat further foorth than the others and about two leagues within the land there is an hill fashioned as it were an heape of corne We named the sayd gulfe Saint Laurence his bay The twelfth of the sayd moneth wee went from the sayd Saint Laurence his Bay or gulfe sayling Westward and discouered a Cape of land toward the South that runneth West and by South distant from the sayd Saint Laurence his Bay about fiue and twenty leagues And of the two wilde men which wee tooke in our former voyage it was tolde vs that this was part of the Southerne coaste that there was an Island on the Southerly parte of which is the way to goe from Honguedo where the yeere before we had taken them to Canada and that two dayes iourney from the sayd Cape and Island began the Kingdome of Saguenay on the North shore extending toward Canada and about three leagues athwart the sayd Cape there is aboue a hundreth fadome water Moreouer I beleeue that there were neuer so many Whâ—les seen as wee saw that day about the sayd Cape The next day after being our Ladie day of August the fifteenth of the moneth hauing passed the Straight we had notice of certaine lands that wee left toward the South which landes are full very great and high hilles and this Cape wee named The Island of the Assumption and one Cape of the said high countreys lyeth Eastnortheast and Westsouthwest the distance betweene which is about fiue and twenty leagues The Countreys lying North may plainely be perceiued to be higher then the Southerly more then thirty leagues in length We trended the sayd landes about toward the South from the sayd day vntill Tewesday noone following the winde came West and therefore wee bended toward the North purposing to goe and see the land that we before had spâ—ed Being arriued there we found the sayd landes as it were ioyned together and low toward the Sea And the Northerly mountaines that are vpon the sayd low lands stretch East and West and
we were not minded to doe to the end wee might shorten our way These two lands lie Northwest and Southeast and are about fiftie leagues one from another The sayd Island is in latitude 47 degrees and a halfe Upon Thursday being the twenty sixe of the moneth and the feast of the Ascension of our Lord we coasted ouer to a land and shallow of lowe sandes which are about eight leagues Southwest from Brions Island aboue which are large Champaines full of trees and also an enclosed sea whereas we could neither see nor perceiue any gappe or way to enter there into On Friday following being the 27 of the moneth because the wind did change on the coast we came to Brions Island againe where wee stayed till the beginning of Iune and toward the Southeast of this Island wee sawe a lande seeming vnto vs as an Island we coasted it about two leagues and a halfe and by the way we had notice of three other high Islands lying toward the Sande after wee had knowen these things we returned to the Cape of the sayd land which doeth deuide itselfe into two or three very high Capes the waters there are very deepe and the flood of the sea runneth so swift that it cannot possibly be swifter That day we came to Cape Loreine which is in forty seuen degrees and a halfe toward the South on which cape there is a low land and it seemeth that there is some entrance of a riuer but there is no hauen of any worth Aboue these lands we saw another cape toward the South we named it Saint Paules Cape it is at 47 degrees and a quarter The Sonday following being the fourth of Iune and Whit sonday wee had notice of the coaste lying Eastsoutheast distant from the Newfoundland about two and twenty leagues and because the wind was against vs wee went to a Hauen which wee named S. Spiritus Porte where we stayed till Tewesday that we departed thence sayling along that coast vntill wee came to Saint Peâ—ers Islands Wee found along the sayd coast many very dangerous Islands and shelues which lye all in the way Eastsoutheast and Westnorthwestâ— about three and twenty leagues into the sea Whilest we were in the sayd Saint Peters Islands we met with many ships of France and of Britaine wee stayed there from Saint Barnabas day being the eleuenth of the moneth vntil the sixteenth that we departed thence came to Cape Rase and entred into a Port called Rognoso where wee tooke in fresh water and wood to passe the sea there wee left one of our boates Then vpon Monday being the nineteenth of Iune we went from that Port and with such good and prospâ—rous weather we sailed along the sea in such sorte that vpon the sixt of Iuly 1536 we came to the Porte of S. Malo by the grace of God to whom we pray here ending our Nauâ—gation that of his infinite mercy he will grant vs his grace and fauour and in the end bring vs to the place of euerlasting felicitie Amen Here followeth the language of the countrey and kingdomes of Hochelaga and Canada of vs called New France But first the names of their numbers Secada 1 Tigneni 2 Hische 3 Hannaion 4 Ouiscon 5 Indahir 6 Aiaga 7 Addigue 8 Madellon 9 Assâ—m 10 Here follow the names of the chiefest partes of man and other words necessary to be knowen the Head aggonzi the Browe hegueniascon the Eyes higata the Eares abontascon the Mouth esahe the Teeth esgongay the Tongue osnache the Throate agonhon the Beard hebelim the Face hegouascon the Haires aganiscon the Armes aiayascon the Flanckes atssonne the Stomacke aggruascon the Bellie eschehenda the Thighes hetnegradascon the Knees agochinegodascon the Legges agouguenehonde the Feete onchidascon the Hands aignoascon the Fingers agenoga the Nailes agedascon a Mans member aâ—moascon a Womans member eastaigne an Eele esgueny a Snaile vndeguezi a Tortois henlenxinia Woods conda leaues of Trees hoga God cudragny giue me some drink quaz â—hoaquea giue me to breakfast quaso hoa quascaboa giue me my supper quaza hâ—a quat frian let vs goe to bed casigno agnydahoâ— a Man aguehâ—m a woman agâ—uaste a Boy addegesta a Wench agniaquesta a Child exiasta a Gowne cabata a Dublet caioza Hosen hemondoha Shooes atha a Shirt amgona a Cappe castrua Corne osizi Bread carraconny Water ame Flesh quahouascon Reisins queion Damsons honnesta Figges absconda Grapes ozoba Nuttes quahoya a Hen sahomgahoa a Lamprey zisto a Salmon ondacon a Whale ainne honne a Goose sadeguenda a Streete adde Cucumber seede casconda to Morrowe achide the Heauen quenhia the Earth damga the Sunne ysmay the Moone assomaha the Starres stagnehoham the Winde cohoha good morrow aâ—gnag let vs go to play casigno caudy come speak with me assigniquaddadiâ— â—ooke vpon me quagathoma hold your peace aista let vs go with y t boat casigno casnouy giue me a knife buazahca agoheda a Hatchet adogne a Bow ahenca a Darte quahetan let vs goe a hunting Casigno donnascat a Stagge aionnesta a Sheepe asquenondo a Hare Sourbanda a Dogge agaya a Towne canada the Sea agogasy the waues of the sea coda an â—sland cohena an Hill agacha the yce honnesca Snow camsa Colde athau Hotte odazani Fier azista Smoke quea a House canoca Beanes sahe Cinnamom adhotathny my Father addathy my Mother adunahot my Brother addagrim my Sister adhoasseue They of Canada say that it is a moneths sayling to goe to a lande where Cinnamom and Cloues are gathered Here endeth the Relation of Iames Cartiers discouery and Nauigation to the Newfoundlands by him named New France The third voyage of discouery made by Captaine Iaques Cartier 1540. vnto the Countreys of Canada Hochelaga and Saguenay KIng Francis the first hauing heard the report of Captaine Cartier his Pilot generall in his two former Uoyages of discouery as wâ—ll by writing as by word of mouth touching that which hee had found and seene in the Westerne partes discouered by him in the parts of Canada and Hochelaga and hauing also seene and talked with the people which the sayd Cartier had brought out of those Countreys whereof one was king of Canada whose name was Donnacona and others which after that they had bene a long time in France and Britaine were baptized at their owne desire and request and died in the sayd countrey of Britaine And albeit his Maiestie was aduertized by the sayd Cartier of the death and decease of all the people which were brought ouer by him which were tenne in number sauing one little girle about tenne yeeres old yet he resolued to send the sayd Cartier his Pilot thither againe with Iohn Francis de la Roche Knight Lord of Roberual whome hee appointed his Lieutenant and Gouernour in the Countreys of Canada and Hochelaga and the sayd Cartier Captaine generall and leader of the shippes that they might discouer more then was done before
8 fathoms of water whereupon I commanded them to stay till breake of day which being come and seeing my Mariners told me that they knew not this land I commanded them to approch vnto it Being neere thereunto I made them cast anker sent the boat on shore to vnderstand in what Countrey we were Word was brought me that we were in Wales a prouince of England I went incontinently on land where after I had taken the ayre a sickenesse tooke nice whereof I thought I should haue dyed In the meane while I caused the ship to be brought into the bay of a small towne called Swansey where I found merchants of S. Malo which lent me money wherewith I made certaine apparel for my selfe and part of my company that was with me and because there were no victuals in the ship I bought two Oxen and salted them and a tunne of Beâ—re which I deliuered into his hands which had charge of the shipâ— praying him to cary it into France which he promised me to doe for mine owne part I purposed with my men to passe by land and after I had taken leaue of my Mariners I departed from Swansey and came that night with my company to a place called Morgan where the Lord of the place vnderstanding what I was stayed me with him for the space of 6 or 7 dayes and at my departure moâ—ued with pitie to see me goe on foot especially being so weake as I was gaue me a litle Hackny Thus I passed on my iourney first to Bristoll then to London where I went to doe my duty to Monsieur de Foix which for the present was the kings Ambassador and holpe me with mony in my necessitie From thence I passed to Caleis afterward to Paris where I was informed that the king was gone to Molins to soiourne there incontinently with all the hast I could possibly make I gate me thither with part of my coÌ„pany Thus briefly you see the discourse of all that happened in New France since the time it pleased the kings Maiesty to send his subiects thither to discouer those parts The indifferent and vnpassionate readers may easily weigh the truth of my doings and be vpright iudges of the endeuor which I there vsed For mine owne part I wil not accuse nor excuse any it sufficeth mee to haue followed the trueth of the history whereof many arâ— able to beare witnesse which were there present I will plainly say one thing That the long delay that Captaine Iohn Ribault vsed in his embarking and the 15. daies that he spent in rouing along the coast of Florida before he came to our fort Caroline were the cause of the losse that we susteined For he discouered the coast the 14 of August and spent the time in going from riuer to riuer which had bene sufficient for him to haue discharged his ships in and for me to haue embarked my selfe to returne into France I wote well that al that he did was vpon a good intent yet in mine opinion he should haue had more regard vnto his charge then to the deuises of his owne braine which sometimes hee printed in his head so deeply that it was very hard to put them out which also turned to his vtter vndoing for hee was no sooner departed from vs but a tempest tooke him which in fine wrackt him vpon the coast where all his shippes were cast away and he with much adoe escaped drowning to fall into their hands which cruelly massacred him and all his company The fourth voyage of the Frenchmen into Florida vnder the conduct of Captaine Gourgues in the yeere 1567. CAptaine Gourgues a Gentleman borne in the Countrey neere vnto Bourdeaux incited with a desire of reuenge to repaire the honour of his nation borowed of his friends and sold part of his owne goods to set forth and furnish three ships of indifferent burthen with all things necessary hauing in them an hundred and fiftie souldiers and fourescore chosen Mariners vnder Captaine Cazenoue his lieutenant and Francis Bourdelois Master ouer the Mariners He set forth the 22 of August 1567. And hauing endured contrary winds and stormes for a season at length hee arriued and went on shore in the Isle of Cuba From thence he passed to the Cape of Saint Antony at the end of the I le of Cuba about two hundred leagues distant from Florida where the captaine disclosed vnto them his intention which hitherto he had concealed from them praying and exhorting them not to leaue him being so neere the enemie so well furnished and in such a cause which they all sware vnto him and that with such courage that they would not stay the full Moone to passe the chanell of Bahama but speedily discouered Florida where the Spanyards saluted them with two Canon shot from their fort supposing that they had beene of their nation and Gourgues saluted them againe to entertaine them in this errour that hee might surâ—rise them at more aduantage yet sailing by them making as though he went to some other place vntil he had sailed out of sight of the place so that about euening hee landed 15 leagues from the fort at the mouth of the Riuer Tacatacouru which the Frenchmen called Seine because they thought it to bee like Seine in France Afterward perceiuing the shore to bee couered with Sauages with their vowes and arrowes besides the signe of peace and amitie which he made them from his ships he sent his Trumpetâ—er to assure them that they were come thither for none other ende but to renew the amitie and ancient league of the French with them The Trumpetter did â—is message so well by reason he had bene there before vnder Laudonniere that he brought backe from king Satouriona the greatest of all the other kings a kidde and other meat to refresh vs besides the offer of his friendshâ—p and amitie Afterward they retâ—red daâ—sing in signe of ioy to aduertise all the kings Satouriouaes kinsmen to repaire thither the next day to make a league of amitie with the Frenchmen Whereupon in the meane space our generall went about to sound the chanel of the riuer to bring in his ships and the better to traffike and deale with the Sauages of whom the chiefe the next day in the morning presented themselues namely the great king Satourioua Tacatacourou Halmacanir Athore Harpaha Helmacapé Helicopilé Molloâ—a and others his kinsmen and allies with their accustomed weapons Then sent they to intreate the French general to come on shore which he caused his men to do with their swords and harquebâ—sies which he made them leaue behind them in token of mutuall assurance leauing his men but their swords only after that the Sauages complaining thereof had left and likewise sent away their weapons at the request of Gourgues This done Satourioua going to meet him caused him to sit on his right hand in a seat
â—ond 40 tun◠〈◊〉 wine taken Foure tweÌ„ty sailes of shipâ— of carauels taken by the Salomon Maio. A gally-â—rigaâ— caried out of England in pâ—â—ces The gally-frâ—gat set vp Cape S. Augâ—stine Fernambuck The 29 of March The fort of Pernambuck taken Abraham Cocke going for the â—iuer of Plate met withall Peranjeu 40. leagues northward of Fernambuck Peranjeâ— a very good harbour The king of Spaines resolution to proceed in the discouerie conquest of Rio Grande The Captaineship of Paraiua standeth in sixe degr 45 miu of Southerly latitude The castle of Cabodelo besleged by the French The garison of Fernambuck The countrey of Petiguar rebelleth against the Portugals A rich siluer mine found at Copaoba within sixe dayes iourney of Paraiua All the Canibals of Petiguar ioyne with the Frenchmen against the Portugals French ships laden with great sâ—ore of siluer oare The conquest of Rio Grande Two Forts to be builded at Cabodelo The countrey of Paraiua in danger dayly to be lost The warres of Petiguar A new captain appoâ—â—â—ed in Cabodelo A 〈◊〉 controâ—ersie touching the gouernment of the Indian townes The towne of S Augustine He that will sayle to Brasil must not come 〈◊〉 60 or 70 leagues of the coast of Guinea * Of Southerly latitude The height of y e cape of S. Augustine of Olinda Fernambuck In what height they thou seeke land that depart froÌ„ Lisbon in February or March How to know the cape of S. Augustine Isla de Santo Alexio The height of Bahia de Todos os Santos in 13 degrees and one third part The situation of the Isle of Tapaon When a man 〈◊〉 â—eare in with Bahia The distance of O morro de San Paulo froÌ„ Bahia Rio de Tinsare a verâ— good riuer A dangerous bay in 13 degrees and a halfe The height of the bay called A Enseada de Vazabaris Baia de todoâ— Santos in 13 degrees Baia das Ilhas lieth in 15 degrees lacking a quarter A round hil In what height a man must fall with this place in time of the Northeast winds Ciemana Mangues The white sugar houses of Lucas Giraldo To auoide Oâ— baixos dos Abâ—olhos Monte Pasqual The place of comming to an ankor before Porto Seguro which standeth in 16 deg one third 16 degrees A dangerous riuer in 16 degrees Baixos de Santo Antonio Monzoins are certaine set winds with which the tides set Markes on the North side of Spirito Santo The situation of la Sierra de Mestre Aluaro Rio dos Reyes magos A Sierra de Guariparim in 20 degrees A Sierra de Pero Cam. A Ilha de Repouso Spirito Santo standeth in 20 degrees Baia de Saluador 12 leagues North from Cabo frio Two small Islands The height of Cape from 23 degrees Rio de Ienero The situation of an hill like a man with long haire by Ienero The organs certaine high hilles Angra A Ilha de San Sebastiano The Isle of Alcatrarzas Saint Vincent in 24 degrees Many Islands about y e mouth of S Vincent one out to the seaward Cananea Rio de San Francisco Boca de Ouerniron Ilha de Aruoredâ— Santa Catalina a great Island Porto de Patos Porto de Don Roderigo Laguna Rio de Martin de Sousa Rio de S. Pedro. Cabo de Santa Maria. Baixos de los Castellanos Cabo de Arenas Gordas Rio de S. Anna. Cape de S. André Baia Anegada Punta de Tierra Ilanâ— Baia sin fondo Cabo redonâ—o Puerto de los leones Puerto de los leones in 44 degrees better Take good heede of â—hese little rocks Cabo de Matas Rio de Camarones Cabo redondo in 45 degrees a halfe large Cabo Blanco and Barancas Ploncas in 47 degrees People to betaken heed of A good harbour The port of Saint Iâ—liâ—â— Ilhas de Ascension Moâ—â—o de Sanâ— Yues in 50 degrees large Rio de Câ—â—â— Rio de Galegos and the marked thereof In the mouâ—â— of Rio de Galegos it ebbeth and floweth 12 fathomes Cabo de la virgin Maria Ciudad de Nombre de lesus â—aâ—led by M. Caâ—dish Port Famine because he sound al the Spaniards â—amished and the towne itselfe vtterly abandoned and runâ—â—ed Where Nombre de Iesus stood Southwest winds raigne much here in Sommer From March forward the winds are faâ—orable for the Streitâ—â— Cabo de San Gregorio a good road-stead for any windâ— from the Northwest to the Southwest The Indians aboue Cape de San Gregoriâ— in the Streits are very trecherous The second streit callâ—d Nuestra Sennora de gracia Punta de Santa Anna in 53 deg and a halfe La Ciudad dâ—l Don 〈◊〉 which is 〈…〉 This was the fleete wherein Caboâ— discouered the â—â—â—er of Flâ—te â—â—26 Two Englishmen wâ—â—â— with Cabot in this discouery The Islands of the Malucos The New found Islands discouered by the English Fleete ships of 〈…〉 Spaine This fleete wintred in the riuer of Ienero M. Fenton â—â—â— these fryers A fight betwixt one 2 English ships three Spanish shipâ— They victual at Spirito Santo Iohn Drake proceedeth on to the riuer of Plate Richard Faire-weather remayneth in the riuer of 〈◊〉 Iohn Drake senâ— to the Uiceroy of Peru. The Isle of Santa Câ—telina Râ—o â—â—anâ—e Puerto de Biaza or Laguna 〈◊〉 de â—â—â—aro Râ—o Grande Certaine Iâ—lanâ—s 12. leagues distant from the mouth of the riuer of Plate which are 3 in number The Cape of S Marie An Island a league an haâ—fe from Cape Saint Mâ—â—â—e Isla de Lobos The way to enter into â—he riuer of Plate Rio de Sâ—lâ—s to leagues within the Cape Lâ—s â—res Mogotes â— leagues Saint Grauiel Stragues Râ—o de S. Iuan â— leagues The Isle of Martin Garâ—ia 3. leagues Rio de Buenoâ— Aërâ—â— on the southside of the riuer of Plate The first Spanish colonie was planted in the riuer of Buenos Aëres The Iâ—â—â—e of San Lazaro Rio Vâ—uay Parana is the great riuer Rio de las Palmas Cape Blanco on the South sidâ— oâ— the mouth of the riuer of Plate a very low and euen land Man eaters vpon the soutâ— shore Sant Saâ—uador an Island ten leagues off Sebastian Cabota 16. Leaguâ—â— Santo Spirito 50 leagues â—rom Rio de Palmaâ— Los Tenbuis a people 15. Leagues The Quiloacas 20. leagues This towne perhaps may be the towâ—e of Santa Anna 15. leagues The Mequaretâ—â— a people 20 leagues The Mepenes 30 leagues 8. leagues The riuer Pâ—raguai The 7. currents The towne of Pâ—â—â—â—â—i or Picora 1â—0 leagues vp the riuer of Paâ—ana The Citie of Assumption or Ascension 60. leagues from the mouth of Paâ—aguai 200. leagues from Assumption subiect to the Spaniard to the citie of Xaraes The Isle of Mogador on the coast of Barbarie Ianuarie The Isle of Mayo Ripe grapes in Winter The description of the tree that beareth Cocos * Oâ— goateâ— The Isle 〈◊〉 S. Iago Tâ—â— Iâ—le oâ— â—ogo â—â—â—â—l 33. Degrees The Câ—pe of 〈◊〉 Their entraÌ„ce â—â—â—o the râ—â—er of Pâ—aâ—â— Abundance of Seales May. The 〈…〉 the counâ—â—â—â— The
shippes with vpwards of fortie tunnes of Traine The Island lyeth in 47 degrees some fiftie leagues from the grand Bay neere Newfoundland and is about twentie leagues about and some part of the Island is flat Sands and shouldeâ— and the fish commeth on banke to do their kinde in April May Iune by numbers of thousands which fish is very big and hath two great teeth and the skinne of them is like Buffes leather anâ— they will not away from their yong ones The yong ones are as good meat as Ueale And with the bellies of fiue of the saide fishes they make a hogshead of Traine which Traine is very sweet which if it will make sope the king of Spaine may burne some of his Oliue trees Humbly praying your Lorship to pardon herein my boldnes betaking your Honour to the keeping of the Almightie From Bristoll this 14 of September 1591. Your Honours most humbly at commandemeâ—â—â— THOMAS IAMES A briefe note oâ— the Morsse and the vse thereof IN the first voyage of Iaques Carthier wherein he discouered the Gulfe of S. Laâ—rence and the said Isle of Ramea in the yeere 1534 as you may reade in pag. 205 of this present volume he met with these beasts as he witnesseth in these words About the said Island are very great beasts as great as oxen which haue two great teeth in their mouthes like vnto Elephants teeth and liue also in the sea Wee saw one of them sleeping vpon the banke of the water and thinking to take it we went to it with our boates but so soone as he heard vs he cast himselfe into the sea Touching these beasts which Iaques Carthier saith to be as big as Oxen and to haue teeth in their mouthes like Elephants teeth True it is that they are called in latine Boues Marini or Vaccae Marinae in the RussiaÌ„ tongue Morsses the hides whereof I haue seene as big as any Oxe hide and being dressed I haue yet a piece of one thickeâ— then any two Oxe or Buls hides in England The Leatherdressers take them to be excellent good to make light targets against the arrows of the Sauages and I hold them farre better then the light leather targets which the Moores vse in Barbarie against arrowâ—s and lances whereof I haue seene diuers in her Maiesties stately Armorie in the towre of London The teeth of the sayd fishes whereof I haue seene a dryfat full at once are a foote and sometimes more in length haue bene sold in England to the combe knife-makers at 8 groats and 3 shillings the pound weight whereas the best Iuory is sold for halfe the money the graine of the bone is somewhat more yellow then the Iuorie One M. Alexander Woodson of Bristoll my old friend an excellent Mathematician and skilful Phisition shewed me one of these beasts teeth which were brought from the Isle of Ramea in the first prize which was half a yard long or very litle lesse and assured mee that he had made tryall of it in ministring medicine to his patients and had found it as soueraigne against poyson as any Unicornes horne The voyage of the ship called the Marigold of M. Hill of Redrife vnto Cape Briton and beyond to the latitude of 44 degrees and an half 1593 Written by Richard fisher Master Hilles man of Redriffe THe ship called the Marigold of 70 tunnes in burthen furnished with 20 men wherof 10 were Mariners the Masters name being Richard Strong of Apsham the Masters mate Peter Langworth of Apsham with 3 coopers 2 butchers to flea the Morsses or sea Oxen whereof diuers haue teeth aboue a cubit long skinnes farre thicker then any buls hide with other necessary people departed out of Falmouth the 1 of Iune 1593 in consort of another ship of M. Drakes of Apshamâ— which vpon some occasion was not ready so soone as shee should haue bene by two moneths The place for which these two ships were bound was an Island within the streightes of Saint Peter on the backe side of Newfoundland to thâ—â—â—uthwest in the latitude of fortie seuen degrees called by the Britons of Saint Malo the Isle of Ramea but by the Sauages and naturals of the Continent next adoyuing Menquit On which Isle are so great abundance of the huge and mightie Sea Oxen with great teeth in the moneths of April May and Iune that there haue bene fiâ—teene hundreth killed there by one small barke in the yeere 1591. The two English shipps aforesayde lâ—st companie before they came to Newfounland and neuer came after together in all their voyage The ship of M. George Drake fell first with New-foundland and afteâ—ward very directly came to the Isle Ramea though too late in the yeere to make her voyage where shee found a shippe of Saint Malo three parts fraighted with these fishes the men whereof enquiring whence our shippe was and who was the Master thereof being answered that shee was belonging to Master George Drake of Apsham fearing to bee taken as good prize being of a Leaguer towne and at that time out of league with England fled so hastily that present night that they left three and twentie men and three Shallops behinde them all which our men leazed vpon and brought away as good prises home Here our men tooke certaine Sea-oxen but nothing such numbers as they might haue had if they had come in due season which they had neglected The shippe called the Marigolde fell with Cape Saint Francis in Newfoundland the eleuenth of Iulie and from thence wee went into the Bay Rogneuse and afterward doubled Cape Razo and sayling toward the straight of Saint Peter which is the entrance betweene Newfoundland and Cape Briton being vnacquainted with the place beate vp and downe a very long time and yet missed it and at length ouer shot it and fell with Cape Briton Here diuerse of our men went on land vpon the very Cape where at their arriuall they found the spittes of Oke of the Sauages which had roasted meate a litle before And as they veiwed the countrey they sawe diuers beastes and foules as blacke Foxes Deere Otters great Foules with redde legges Pengwyns and certaine others But hauing found no people here at this our first landing wee went againe on shipboorde and sayled farther foure leagues to the West of Cape Briton where wee sawe many Seales And here hauing neede of fresh water we went againe on shore And passing somewhat more into the land wee founde certaine round pondes artificially made by the Sauages to keepe fish in with certaine weares in them made to take fish To these pondes wee repayred to fill our caske with water Wee had not bene long here but there came one Sauage with blacke long hayre hanging about his shoulders who called vnto vs weauing his handes downewarde towardes his bellie vsing these wordes Calitogh Calitogh as wee drewe towardes him one of our mens musket vnawares shot off whereupon hee fell
a quarter of the South Our wild men told vs that there was the beginning of Saguenay and that it was land inhabited and that thence commeth the red Copper of them named Caignetdaze There is betweene the Southerly lands and the Northerly about thirtie leagues distance and more then two â—undreth fadome depth The sayd men did moreouer certifie vnto vs that there was the way and beginning of the great riuer of Hochelaga and ready way to Canada which riuer the further it went the narrower it came euen vnto Canada and that then there was fresh water which went so farre vpwards that they had neuer heard of any man who had gone to the head of it and that there is no other passage but with small boates Our Captaine hearing their talke and how they did affâ—â—me no other passage to be there would not at that time proceede any further till he had seâ—ne and noted the other lands coast toward the North which he had omitted to see from S. Laurence his gulfe because he would know if between the lands toward the North any passage might be discouered How our Captaine caused the ships to returne backe againe only to know if in Saint Laurence gulfe there were any passage toward the North. Chap. 2. VPon the 18 of August being Wednesday our Captaine caused his shippes â—o wind backe and bend toward the other shore so that we trended the said Northerly cost which runneth Northeast and Southwest being fashioned like vnto halfe a bowe and is a very highland but yet not so high as that on the South parts The Thursday following we came to seuen very high Islands which we named The round Islâ—nds These Islands are distant from the South shore about 40 leagues and stretch out into the sea about 3 or 4 leagues Against these there are goodly low grounds to be seene full of goodly trees which we the Friday following wâ—â—h our boats coÌ„passed about Ouerth wart these lands there are diuers sandy shelues more then two leagues into the sea very dangerous which at a low water remaine almost dry At tâ—e fuâ—â—hest bounds of these lowe lands that containe about ten leagues there is a riuer of freâ—â— water that with such swiftnesse runneth into the sea that for the space of one lâ—â—gue witâ—in it tâ—e water is as fresh as any fountaine water We with our boates entred into the sayd riuer at the entrance of which we â—ound about one fadome a halfe of water There are in this riuer many fishes shaped like horses which as our wild men told vs alâ— the day long lie in the water and the night on land of which we saw therin a great number The next day being the 21 of the moneth by breake of day we hoysed saile and sailed so long along the said coast that we had sight of the rest of the sayd Northâ—rne coast which as yet we had not seâ—ne and of the Island of the Assumption which wee went to disâ—ouer departing from the sayd land which thing so soone as we had done that we were certified no other passage to be there we came to our ships againe which we had left at the said Islands where is a good harborough the water being about nine or ten fadome In the same place by occasion of contrary winds foggie mists we were constrained to stay not being either able to come out of it or hoise saile till the 24 of the moneth On which day we departed came to a hâ—uen on the Southerly coast about 80 leagues from the said Islands This hauen is ouâ—r against three flat Islands that lie amidst the râ—uer because on the midway betweene those Islands the sayd hauen toward the North there is a very great riuer that runneth betweene the high and low landes and more then three leagues into the sea it hath many shelues there is not altogether two fadome water so that the place is very dangerous and neere vnto the said shelues there is either sixteene or 20 fadomes from shore to shore All the Northerly coaste runneth Northeast and by North and Southwest by South The said hauen wherin we stayed on the South side is as it were but a sâ—uce of the waters that rise by the flood but of smal accompt we named them S. Iohns Islets because we found them entred into them the day of the beheading of that Saint And before you come to the said hauen there is an Island lying Eastward about 5 leagues distant from the same betweâ—nâ— which and the land there is no passage sauing only for smal boats The haueâ— of S. Iohns Islets dryâ—th vp all the waters that rise by flowing although they flow two fadome at the least The best place to harborough ships therein is on the South part of a liâ—tle Island that is ouer against the said hauen whereby the bancke or shore of the Island riseth Upon the sirst of September we departed out of the said hauen purposing to go toward Canada about 15 leagues from it toward the West Westsouthwest amidst the riuer there are three Islands ouer against the which there is a riuer which runneth swift and is of a great depth it is that which leadeth and runneth into the countrey and kingdome of Saguenay as by the two wild men of Canada it was told vs. This riuer passeth and runneth along very high and steepe hils of bare stone where very little earth is notwithstanding there is great quantity of â—undry sorts of trees that grow in the said bare stones euen as vpon good fertile ground in such sort that we haue seene some so great as wel would suffise to make a mast for a ship of 30 â—unne burden and as greene as possibly can be growing in a stony rocke without any earth at all At the entrance of the sayd riuer we met with 4 boats ful of wild meâ— which as far as we could perceiue very fearfully came toward vs so that some of them went backe againe the other came as neere vs as easily they might he are vnderstand one of our wild men who told them his name and then tooke acquaintance of them vpon whose word they came to vs. The next day being the 2 of September we came out of the sayd riuer to go to Canada and by reason of the seas flowing the tide was very swift and dangerâ—us for that on the South part of it there lie two Islands about which more then three leagues comâ—asse lie many rocks and great stones but two fadome water and the flowing amidst those Islands is very vnconstant and doubtful so that if it had not bene for our boats we had been in great danger to lose our Pinnesse coasting along the said drie sands there is more then 30 sadom waâ—er About fiue leagues beyond the riuer of Saguenay Southwest there is another Iland on
Saint Helena Oriston Ahoia Ahoiaue Isamacon Icosa or Dicosa The Spaniards haue killed three hundred of the subiects of Potanou The greatest number of Spaniards that haue bene in Florida this sixe yeeres was three hundred and now they were but two hundred in both the Forts There is a great City sixteene or twentie dayes iourney from Saint Helena Northwestward which the Spaniards call La grand Copal which they thinke to bee very rich and exceeding great and haue bene within the sight of it some of them They haue offered in generall to the King to take no wages at all of him if he will giue them leaue to discouer this citie and the rich mountaines and the passage to a sea or mighty Lake which they heare to be within foure and twenty dayes trauel from Saint Helena which is in 32. degrees of latitude and is that riuer which the French called Port-royal He saith also that he hath seene a rich Diamond which was brought from the mountaines that lye vp in the countrey Westward from S. Helena These hils seeme wholy to be the mountaines of Apalatci whereof the Sauages aduertised Laudonnâ—ere and it may bee they are the hils of Chaunis Temoatam which Master Lane had aduertisement of The relation of Nicholas Burgoignon aliâs Holy whom sir Francis Drake brought from Saint Augustine also in Florida where he had remayned sixe yeeres in mine and Master Heriots heaâ—ing THis Nicholas Burgoignon sayth that betweene S. Augustine and S Helen there is a Casique whose name is Casicôla which is lord of ten thousand Indians and another casique whose name is Dicasca and another called Touppekyn toward the North and a fourth named Potanou toward the South and another called Moscita toward the South likewise Besides these he acknowledgeth Oristou Ahoia Ahoiaue Isamacon alledged by the Spaniard He further affirmeth that there is a citie Northwestward from S. Helenes in the mountaines which the Spaniards call La grand Copal and is very great and rich and that in these mountains there is great store of Christal golde and Rubies and Diamonds And that a Spaniard brought from thence a Diamond which was worth fiue thousadd crownes which Pedro Melendes the marques nephew to olde Pedro Melendes that slew Ribault is now gouerner of Florida weareth He saith also that to make passage vnto these mountaines it is needefull to haue store of Hatchets to giue vnto the Indians and store of Pickares to breake the mountaines which shine so bright in the day in some places that they cannot behold them and therefore they trauell vnto them by night Also corflets of Cotton which the Spanyards call Zecopitz are necessary to bee had against the arrowes of the Sauages He sayth farther that a Tunne of the sassafras of Florida is solde in Spaine for sixtie ducates and that they haue there great store of Turkie cocks of Beanes of Peason and that there are great store of pearles The things as he reporteth that the Floridians make most account of are red Cloth or redde Cotton to make baudricks or gyrdles copper and hatchets to cut withall The Spaniards haue all demaunded leaue at their owne costs to discouer these mountaines which the King denyeth for feare lest the English or French would enter into the same action once knowen All the Spaniards would passe vp by the riuer of Saint Helena vnto the mountaines of golde and Chrystall The Spaniards entring 50. leagues vp Saint Helena found Indians wearing golde rings at their nostrels and eares They found also Oren but lesse then ours Sir leagues from Saint Helena toward the North there is a poynt that runneth farre into the sea which is the marke to the Seamen to finde Saint Helena and Waterin Waterin is a riuer fortie leagues distant Northward from Saint Helena where any fleete of great ships may ride safely I take this riuer to be that which we call Waren in Virginia whither aâ— Christmasse lâ—st 1585. the Spaniards sent a barke with fortie men to discouer where we were seated in which barke was Nicholas Burgoignon the reporter of all these things The Spaniards of S. Augustine haue slaine three hundred of the subiects of Potanou One Potassi is neighbour to Potanou Oratina is he which the French history calleth Olata Outina Calauai is another casique which they knowe SVNDRY VOYAGES MADE FROM Nueva Galicia and Nueua Viscaia in new Spaine to the 15. Prouinces of new Mexico and to Quiuira and Cibola all situate on the backeside of Guastecan Florida and Virginia as farre as 37. degrees of Northerly latitude with a description of the riuers lakes cities townes nations fertile soyle and temperate ayre in those partes and most certaine notice of many exceeding rich siluer-mines and other principall commodities A discourse of the famous Cosmographer Iohn Baptista Ramusius concerning the three voyages of Frier Marco de Niça Francis Vasquez de Coronado and Ferdinando Alorchon next following taken out of his third volume of Nauigations and Voyages THe right honourable Don Antonio de Mendoça being sent by Charles the Emperour to be viceroy of Mexico and Nueua Espanna and hauing vnderstood that Don Ferdinando Cortez had sent many ships along the coast of Nueua Espanna to discoâ—er countries and to find out the Isles of the Malucos began himselfe to desire to do the like as viceroy of Nueua Espanna and hereupon they fell out for Cortez said that he was general and discouerer of the South sea and that it belonged to him to set forth those voyages On the other side the lord Don Antonio alledged that it belonged to him to make that discovery as being viceroy of Nueua Espanna So that they fell at great variance and Cortez returned into Spaine to complaine vnto the Emperourâ— Don Antonio in the meane season hauing obteined knowledge of the voiage which Andrew Dorantez who was one of the company of Pamphilo Naruaez that escaped as you may reade in the relation of Aluaro Nunnez called Cabeça de Vaca made sent Frier Marco de Niça with a Negro of the said Dorantez to discouer that country Which Frier Marco de Niça being returned hauing informed his lordship of all his discouery he sent captain Francis Vasquez de Coronado with many Spaniards on horsebacke and Indians on footâ— likewise he sent a fleete by sea whereof Ferdinando Alorchon was captaine as may be seene in the relations following An extract of a letter of captaine Francis Vasques de Coronado written to a Secretary of the right noble Don Antonio de Mendoça viceroy of of Nueua Espanna Dated in Culiacan the 8. of March 1539. HE saith that Frier Marcus de Niça arriued in the Prouince of Topira where he found all the Indians fled vnto the mountaines for feare of the Christians and that for his sake they came all downe to see him with great ioy boldnesse They are men of good making and whiter then others and their women are more beautifull then others of
father shewing him all the courtesies they could possibly I cannot send you nor describe vnto you his entrance among them better then I haue done in all my relations which I wrote in my letters from Composteila and I signified vnto you all things to the full from the citie of S. Michael and though there be but the tenth part of these things it is a great matter Herewithall I haue sent your Lordship a Letter which I receiued from the said father the Indians tell me that all the people of the countrey doe greatly reuerence him and I beleeue he may trauel many leagues farther in that sort He saith that if he finde any good countrey he will write to me thereof I will not goe thither without informing your Lordship of my iourney I hope in God that by one way or other wee shall discouer some good thing A Letter written by the most honourable Lord Don Antonio de Mendoça Vice-roy of Nueua Espanna to the Emperors Maiestie Of certaine Noblemen which sought to discouer the end of the firme land of Nueua Espanna toward the North. The arriuall of Vazquez de Coronado with Frier Marco at S. Michael of Culiacan with commission to the Gouernors of those partes to pacific the Indians and not to make them slaues any more IN the ships that went last from hence whereof Michael de Vsnago was Admiral I wrote vnto your Maiestie how I had sent two Franciscan Friers to discouer the end of this firme land which stretcheth to the North. And because their iourney fell out to greater purpose then was looked for I wâ—l declare the whole matter from the beginning It may please your Maiestie to call to mind how often I wrote vnto your Highnesse that I desired to know the ende of this Prouince of Nueua Espanna because it is so great a countrey and that we haue yet no knowledge thereof Neither had I onely this desire for Nunno de Guzman departed out of this city of Mexico with 400. horsemen and 14000. Indians footemen borne in these Indias being the best men the best furnished which haue bene seene in these parts and he did so litle with them that the most part of them were consumed in the enterprize could not enter nor discouer any more then already was discouered After this the saide Nunno Guzman beeing Gouernour of Nueua Galicia sent Captaines and Horsemen foorth diuers times which sped no better then he had done Likewise the Marques de valle Hernando Cortez sent a captaine with 2. ships to discouer the coast which 2â— ships and the captaine perished After that he sent againe 2. other ships one of the which was diuided from her consore and the Master and certaine mariners slue the captaine vsurped ouer the ship After this they came to an Island where the Master with certaine mariners going on land the Indians of the country slew them and tooke their boat and the ship with those that were in it returned to the coast of Nueua Galicia where it ran on ground By the men which came home in this ship the Marques had knowledge of the countrey which they had discouered and then either for the discontentment which hee had with the bishop of Saint Domingo and with the Iudges of this royal audience in Mexico or rather because of his so prosperous successe in all things here in Nueua Espanna without seeking any farther intelligence of the state of that Island he set forward on that voyage with 3. Ships and with certaine footemen and horsemen not throughly furnished with things necessary which fell câ—t so contrary to his expectation that the most part of the people which he carryed with him dyed of hunger And although he had ships and a Countrey very neere him abounding with victuals yet could hee neuer finde meanes to conquer it but rather it seemed that God miraculously did hide it from him and so he returned home without atchieuing ought else of moment After this hauing heere in my company Andrew Dorantez which is one of those who were in the voyage of Panphilo Naruaâ—ez I often was in hand with him supposing that he was able to doe your Maiestie great seruice to imploy him with fortie or fiftie horses to search out the secret of those parts and hauing prouided all things necessary for his iourney and spent much money in that behalfe the matter was broken off I wot not how and that enterprise was giuen 〈◊〉 Yet of the things which were prouided for that purpose I had left mee a Negro which returned from the foresayde voyage of Naruaez with Dorantez and certaine slaues which I had bought and certaine Indians which I had gathered together who were borne in those North partes whome I sent with Frier Marco de Niça and his companion a Franciscan Frier because they had bene long trauelled and exercised those partes and had great experience in the affaires of the Indies and were men of good life and conscience for whom I obtained leaue of their superiours and so they went with Francis Vazquez de Coronado gouernour of Nueua Galicia vnto the Citie of Saint Michael of Culiacan which is the last Prouince subdued by the Spaniards towarde that quarter being two hundred leagues distant from this Citie of Mexico Assoone as the gouernour and the Friers were come vnto that Citie hee sent certaine of those Indians which I had giuen him home into their Countrey to signifie and declare to the people of the same That they were to vnderstand that your Maiestie had commaunded they should not hereafter â—eâ— made slaues and that they should not be afrayd and more but might returne vnto their houses and liue peaceably in them for before that time they had bin greatly troubled by the euil dealings which were vsed toward them and that your Maiestie would cause them to be chastened which were the causes of their veration With these Indians about twentie dayes after returned about 400. men which comming before the gouernour said vnto him that they came on the behalfe of al their Countrey-men to tell him that they desired to see and know those men which did them so great a pleasure as to suffer them to returne to their houses and to sow Maiz for their sustenance for by the space of many yeres they were driuen to flee into the mountaines hiding themselues like wild beasts for feare left they should be made slaues and that they and all the rest of their people were ready to doe whatsoeuer should bee commaunded them Whom the gouernour comforted with good wordes and gaue them victuals and stayed them with him three or foure dayes wherein the Friers taught them to make the signe of the Crosse and to learne the name of our Lorde Iesus Christ and they with great diligence sought to learne the same After these dayes hee sent them home againe willing them not to be afraid but to be quiet giuing them apparel beades kniues and other such
if thou keeping this course findest lesse water then go West and by North and that way thou shalt bring thy selfe into 20. fathomes againe vntill thou haue brought thy selfe North and South with the triangle And being North and South with the triangle then thou shalt be also North and South with Surta from thence thou shalt go Southwest and by this course thou shalt haue sight of the high hils of S. Martin which are certaine high hils lying Northwest and Southeast and they haue a partition in the midst and to the Northwest they be highest and on the Southeast part within the land thou shalt see something an high land called Pan de Minsapa that is the loafe of Minsapa which is a round loafe not very high The hils of S. Martin stand in 18. degrees lesse one fift part I aduise thee that when thou fallest with Saint Martin and wouldest go with Saint Iohn de Vllua then thou shalt goe Westnorthwest and this is the course that thou must keepe if thou bee farre off at sea I meane so farre off as thou mayest well discrie the hils of S. Martin But if thou be neere to the land then thou must goe Northwest and by West and thou shalt so come along the coast and thou shalt find the coast to bee low land and comming this course thou shalt haue sight of certaine little hilles not very high then thou shalt fall with the poynt called Punta de Antoni Serro and these hilles lye ouer the riuer of Medelin And if when thou arâ— East and West with The Volcan or hill that casteth out fire any man doe aske thee where the harbour of Sant Iuan de Vllua is thou mayest truely answere West and by South and it standeth in 18. degrees and a halfe The course to be kept from Nueua Espanna to the maine of Spaine in Europe COmming from S. Iuan de Vllua to goe for Spaine thou shalt stirre Northeast vntill thou be in 24. degrees and so beeing thou shalt goe East vntill thou bring thy selfe in the soundings of the Tortugas and thy ground wil be white sand I aduise thee that if it be by night thou goe East and finding the water to waxe shoalder then goe Southwest with a care to keepe thy lead going vntill thou loose ground and come into great depth because thou mayest fall to the North of the Tortugas And going from this sound for Hauana thou must sâ—irre Southsoutheast because of the currents that carrie thee to the East And if by this way thou haue sight of an hie land that seemeth to be like a loafe make account it is the loafe of Cabanas And to the East of this loafe thou shalt see a land that hath a plaine It sheweth to be low euen with the sea and as smooth as the sea and from this land to the East the land is lower and lower And from thence to Hauana thou must goe East And if the wind will not let thee go that course thou must turne vp till thou be vpon the harbour of Hauana The marks of the poynt of Hauana be these that on the East side it hath an hie blacke land which is sloping to the sea with a litle white tower on the top thereof and as thou goest into the port thou must keepe neere the high blacke land and when thou art hard to it strike thy toppe-sayles in signe of peace to the castle least it shoote at thee What course the Spaniards keepe from Hauana to Spaine IF from Hauana thou wouldest set thy course for Spaine thou must goe Northeast and shalt so haue sight of the Martyres which stand in 24. degrees and a halfe And the coast lieth East and West The marks be these it sheweth like heads of trees and in some places certaine rocks with white sandy bayes And if the wind be large thou mayest go East and by South vntill thou see the coast to lye Northeast and Southwest and if the wind be scant then go turning vp and take good heed that euery euening at Sunne going downe thou haue sight of the land and so thou must do being in the chanell vntill thou bring thy selfe into the middest of the chanell and thou must lye off from the going downe of the sunne vntill the â—ude of the first watch with thy coarses alone without any more sayle and from midnight forwards cast about and lye the other way with the like sayle vntill day and thus thou must doe vntill thou bring thy selfe into the chanel And if being in the Chanel thou finde the winde large thou shalt stirre Northeast with a care to goe cleane off the sholds of the Mimbres or the Osiars And if being in the chanel thou meete with the wind at North then thou must turne with a litle saile 4. glasses one way and 4. another as thou thinkest good And if thou canst not beare sayle then thou mayest goe with all thy sayles downe except when thou wouldest cast aboâ—t thou mayest loose some small sayle to winde thy ship I aduise thee that when thou art come out of the Chanel thou shalt be in 28. degrees And if it be in summer thou shalt goe Northeast vntill thou be in 39. degrees and ½ which is the height of Flores and thou shalt goe to the Northward of Bermuda And if thou thinke good to go in more degrees to haue the seawinds thou shalt goe by the same height as I haue sayd and if thou shalt finde the winde off the sea thou hast no neede to goe in more heights and from thence thou shalt goe East and by South and thou must goe thus because of the variation of the Compasse And thus thou shalt find the isles of Flores and Cueruo which stand in 39. degrees ½ and in 40. large The markes be these Thou mayest goe from betwixt Flores and Cueruo and must goe East Southeast and so thou shalt haue sight of the Island of Sayles which is the Island of S. George And beeing at the land thou shalt goe along it and when thou hast doubled a certaine litle Head-land that lyeth in the East poynt then thou shalt stirre East and by North and East And thus going thou shalt haue sight of Terçera which is in 39. degrees The markes bee these And behinde a certaine blacke land something high which is called el Brasil standeth the Citie called Angra Going from Terçera thou shalt runne East Northeast vntill thou bring thy selfe Northwest and Southeast with the Cape of Saint Vincent And thou mayest worke thus being in summer for alwayes thou shalt haue the windes at Northwest And beeing Northwest and Southeast with this Cape thou shalt stirre Southeast and by East and thou shalt so fall with the land 6. or 7. leagues to the windward off the Cape on the coast which lyeth North and South then thou shalt goe along the coast to
banish all the Mamalukes and white men which dwell in any of those Indian townes with all speede and that none of them from hence forward shall enter into the said villages without commandement and consent of the said Friers So this sentence was presented vnto me by the Reuerend father Custodio Prior of Sant Anton of Brasil with a further postscript of the Gouernour importing these wordsâ— I doe likewise charge and commaund you the Gâ—uernour of Paraiua that presently vpon sight hereof you shall restore those villages and houses which you haue burned and destroyed in the last warres and likewise the towne of S. Augustine and that â—ou shall build them againe at your owne proper cost and charges for the Friers alâ—eage that these townes were giuen them by a decree sent them from Pope Pius Quintus that the said Friers should gouerne and rule them On the other side I haue pronounced another sentence against the said Friers in your Maiesties name and for your Maiestie alleaging that those townes villages and subiects appertaine and belong vnto your Maiestie and that in temporall causes I am to punish those offenders which shall rebell against your Maiestie and as touching ecclesiastical causes that the Uicar of this Cathedrall church shall rule gouerne and instruct them in the Christian religion So we both haue appealed vnto your Maiestie herein and your Maiestie may peruse all our writings and then determine that which shall be best and most profitable for your Maiesties seruice and enlargement of your crowne For through these broyles the inhabitants of this Pariaua â—orsake their houses dwelling places and so doe some of the Friers because they cannot be suffered to rule gouerne Also the Indians haue complayned against me because I haue burned their villages in this last rebellion Wherefore if your Maiestie doe not send some order for this countrey and see into these cases it will breed great dissention and rebellion among vs and we shall be readie to cut one anothers throat before it be long Thus I thought good according to my humble bounden dutie and for the seruice of your Maiestie and quietnesse of this realme to certifie your Maiestie the truth of the whole matter hoping in short time that your Maiestie will send some good order to qualitie these broyles for there is great hatred and malice among vs. Iesus Christ preserue and keepe the royall person of your Maiestie with long health as it pleaseth him From the Captaineship of Paraiua this present 20 of August 1597. Feliciano Cieça de Carualsho A special note concerning the currents of the sea betweene the Cape of Buena Esperança and the coast of Brasilia giuen by a French Pilot to Sir Iohn Yorke knight before Sebastian Cabote which pilot had frequented the coasts of Brasilia eighteene voyages MEmorandum that from Cabo de buena Esperança vnto Brasilia the Sunne hath the like dominion ouer the tides there as the Moone hath ouer our tides here And that whensoeuer the Sunne is in any of these signes he gouerneth the tides as followeth The Sunne being in Taurus Gemini Cancer the tide hath his course Northwest The Sunne being in Leo Virgo Libra no current The Sunne being in Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorne the tide hath his course Southeast 〈◊〉 Sunne being in Aquarius Pisces Aries no currentâ— A ruttier or course to be kept for him that will sayle from Cabo Verde to the coast of Brasil and all along the coast of Brasil vnto the riuer of Plate and namely first from Cabo Verde to Fernambuck THe ship that goeth from Cabo Verde to Brasil must goe Southsoutheast and when she is with in 5 or 6 degrees of the Equinoctial she must go Southeast anâ— by South And if she haue the ternados that is thundrings and lightningâ— then thou must go altogether South or that way and by that boord that hath profit thee most And take this for aâ—uise that hauing the general winds 〈◊〉 the wind be at South or Southeast then go Southwest or westsouthwest And if the winde be South then goe Southwest and by this way but little for it is not a way for thy profit because the more thou goest this way the more will be thy trouble because thou mayest not come neerer the coaste of Guinea then 60 or 70 leagues vnto the sholde called Osbaixos de Santa Anna. And being this distance from the same thou shalt cast about the other way towards Brasil and the wind will be large Thou shalt vnderstand that the ship that keepeth this course to Fernambuck and goeth in October or after and chanceth to goe to windward of the Isle of Fernando de Loronha when thou commest to 8 degrees or 8 and ½ then thou shalt go West and beare with the land Thou must take this for a wâ—ruâ—g that if going West in 8 degrees thou see land then looke to the Northward and thou shalt see certaine white cliffes Then I aduise thee that thou goe well to the Southward And this is to bee vnderstoode from October forward for then the time is most subiect to Northeast and Eastnortheast winds And if thou find thy selfe in the sayd height aboue mentioned and seest cliffes and seest a Cape to the Southward and seest no more land to the South then make attempt that thou art at Capiguoari and from thence to Fernambuck thou hast sixe leagues and hast a good port Thou shalt take this for a warningâ— that if in 8 degrees and a halfe thou see land lying all flat thou mayest goe neerer it and be bold till thou come in tenne or twelue â—adomes And then thou shalt see a 〈◊〉 grosse land along the sea-coast which is called â—â—apito gua And being East and West with this landâ— and as I haue sayd in tenne or twelue fadomes water and the time being from October to Februarie then thou needest not to feare any thing but looke to the South and thou shalt see the cape of S. Augustine and looke to the North and thou shalt see a point and to the Southeast a point called Punta de Olinda where Aponiquay standeth And the land â—rom the cape to the poynt called Punta de Olinda lieth North and South I aduise thee that if thou be East and West with the cape of Saint Augustine thou shalt see within the land an high hill hauing as it were a saddle vpon it like to a camel And thou shalt see to the Southwards three hilles along the sea and then presently thou shalt see the coaste to lie Northeast and Southwest Thou shalt vnderstand that from this cape of Saint Augustine to the towne of Olinda thou hast nine leagues to the North. And this cape standeth in eight degrees and two third parts and Olinda standeth in eight degrees and a quarter and Fernambuck standeth in eight degrees And this course is to be vnderstood to be obserued and kept if thou depart from Lisbon in October or
Nouember Take this aduise that if thou depart in February or March from Lisbone then thou shalt goe to beare with the land in nine degrees because that from March forwards raigne most commonly Southeast and Southwest windes And if by this height and course thou bring thy selfe nigh to the shore feare not to bring thy ship into 18 or 20 fadomes for all the coast is cleane and there are no more dangers but such as the sea doth breake vpon And if after thy fall with the land thou haue occasion to goe to the Northward and so going seest certaine sholdes doubt not to come for the North and thou shalt see the cape of Saint Augustine which lyeth as it were sloaping to the seaward and hath as it were a Whales head and hath vpon it a round hill with many hilles round about it And if thou come along the sea coast much about the depth aboue mentioned thou shalt see a little Island called Saint Alexio And from this Island to the cape of Saint Augustine are foure leagues and it standeth in eight degrees and three quarters The course that a man must keepe to the bay called A Bahia de Todos os Santos that is to say The bay of all Saints which lieth on the foresayd coast of Brasil IF thou goe for Bahia de Todos os Santos thou must keepe the course which I haue already set downe and shalt obserue the time from March forwards as also from October forwards Thou shalt vnderstand that the Bahia de Todos os Santos standeth in 13 degrees and â…“ and if thou goe in October or after October then goe to fall with the land in 12 degrees or 12 and a halfe And take this for a warning that when thou seest a white land and long bankes of white sand which shew much like linnen cloth when it is in whiting then thou must go along from the North to the South vntill this white land doe end and thou needest not to feere to goe along the coast for there are no sholds Before thou be cleane past the white land or white sands thou shalt haue sight of an Island that standeth along the bay I say on the Northside of the bay which is called Tapaon and here the land lieth West and by South When thou art so farre shot as Tapaon thou shalt see a certaine great tree which is round and standeth neere the sea vpon the very point of the entrance into Bahia on the Northside And marke well that if thou looke to the Southward and seest no white grounds such as I wrote of before but that they be all behind thee to the Northward then when thou seest none to the Southward thou mayest bee bold to beare in with Bahia And if when thou goest into Bahia to the Northwest and seest the sea to breake feare nothing for it is the breach of a certaine banke whereon thou shalt haue alwayes 5 or 6 fadomes water and this be sure of Thou shalt vnderstand that if thou come for this place from March to the end of April I would wish thee not to fall to the Southward of 13 degrees and a halfe And falling with the land and not seeing the white sands thou shalt striue to goe to the Northward And seeing the land in 13 degrees and a halfe thou shalt haue sight of an hill along the sea And if thou be nigh the land and cannot make it certaine what land it is thou shalt marke if it bee a round high hill along the sea that it is O morro de San Paulo or The hill of Saint Paul and it lieth blacke and bare on the top And from thence to Bahia is tenne leagues And here along this hill on the Northwest side there is a great riuer called Tinsare and it is a very good riuer And in the entrance of Bahia there are sixe or seuen fadomes water in the chanell And I aduise thee that being in the height of 13 degrees and a halfe thou come not neere the land for it hath a bay very dangerous And if thou goe from Bahia to Fernambuck then I aduise thee that thou take good heede of the coast on the Northeast and Southwest and thou shalt goe East if the winde will suffer thee to goe East and so goe thirtie or forty leagues off to the sea I aduise thee that thou beare not in with the land of Fernambuck but in the height of 9 or 10 degrees because that in 11 degrees thou shalt fall with the bay called A Enseada de Vazabaris Also if thou come from Portugal and fallest with the land in eleuen degrees beare not in with it neither come neere it for thou mayest hurt thy selfe in so doing but thou shalt shunne it and goe to the Southward For if thou lie to the North thou shalt bring thy selfe into some trouble This Bay of All Saints standeth in thirteene degrees And from thence to Fernambuck thou hast a hundreth leagues and the coast lyeth Northeast and Southwest And from thence to Rio das Ilhas that is the riuer of the Islands the coast runneth Northeast and Southwest I meane taking a quarter of the North and South The course for Baia das Ilhas that is The bay of the Islands which lie on the sayd coast of Brasil the marks for the finding of them IF thou goe for Baia das Ilhas thou must looke for it in fifteene degrees lacking a quarter If thou be minded as I sayd to goe for these Isles if it bee from March forward thou shalt fall with the land in 15 degrees and a halfe and though it be in 15 degrees and 2 3 it is all the better And if thou haue sight of certaine high hilles that seeme to reach to the skie these hilles are called As Serras Raiemores Then hauing sight of these hilles thou shalt goe along the coast and feare nothing for there are no sholdes along to the North. And when thou seest the Islands thou mayest make accompt they be these which thou seekest for there are no other on al this coast and thou shalt see a round hil along the sea Thou shalt vnderstand that on the North side of this hill is the going in of the riuer But if it chance that thou finde thy selfe in a time that will not suffer thee to goe in then goe along the Islands giuing them a bredth off And thou mayest well come to an ankor hard aboord them for all is cleane ground And thou shalt finde eight or nine fadomes and from thence thou mayest goe into the riuer hard aboord the shore And if it chance that thou goe from the North to the South all along the great Island thou must keepe thy selfe from the land and when thou hast brought it Eastnortheast then thou mayest ankor two cables length from the shore for all is cleane ground If thou chance to arriue on this coast
this Cape almost halfe a league To the Southward of this Cape where the lather is there is a little Bay which is the entrance of Rio de Galegos it ebbeth and floweth here 12 fathomes A man must haue a great care how he goeth in here for the cause abouesaid but he must keepe himselfe out and not anker in it From Rio de Galegos to the Streits of Magelan the coast lyeth Northnorthwest Southsoutheast 8 leagues vnto Cabo de la virgin Maria which is the entrance into the Streit and 4 leagues before a man come to this Cape there are white cliffes with certaine blacke spots in them and they be caused with the falling downe of the water Here is water inough and thou mayest come to an anker hard aboord the shore and hast a good defence for a Southwest wind And the Cape it selfe is the highest land of all and is like to Cape Saint Vincent in Spaine and it hath on the East side a ledge of rockes and a poynt of sand with diuers sands which shewe themselues at a lowe water thou must take great heede heere and giue them a good bredth halfe a league or a quarter of a league off vntil thou bring the Cape Westnorthwest and then thou mayest stirre away Southwest And when thou commest to the lower land and into tenne or twelue fathoms then art thou ouer against la Purificacion And halfe a league within the land the citie of Nombre de Iesus was builded East and West with the sayd Cape right against a cliffe which commeth from the sayd Cape and goeth within the Streits This Cape standeth in 52 degrees iust And this is to be taken for a warning that he that commeth neere this Cape and passeth by it as I haue said with the wind at Northeast or any other wind off the sea inclining to the Southeast must not come to anker but presently be sure to passe by because in Sommer this place is much subiect to Southwest winds which blow right in and they put a man from his tackle make him to loose his voyage And from March forwards there blow fauourable winds from the sea to goe from this Cape to enter into the Streits from this said Cape the Streits go in to the Northwest 14 leagues and the chanell waâ—eth narrower and narrower vnto the first Streit which runneth Eastnortheast and Westsouthwest And comming out of the mouth thereof a man must keepe himselfe a poynt to the Northward because there be rocks and stoalds And if you see beds of weeds take heed of them and keepe off from them and after you be past this Streight you must stirre Westsouthwest 8 leagues vnto Cabo de San Gregorio which is a high white cliffe and is a good road for any wind from the Northwest to the Southwest But men must beware and not trust the Indians of this Cape for they be subtill and will betray a man From this Cape beginneth the second Streit which is called Nuestra Sennora de Gracia and lyeth Eastnortheast and Westsouthwest 3 leagues And comming out of this Streit thou shalt see 3 little Islands lying West off this Streit thou mayest go betweene them for there is no danger prouided alwayes that thou keepe well off from the bayes on both sides lest thou bee imbayed And from these Islands thou must keepe forwards in the chanell Westsouthwest two leagues and then the coast lyeth North and South vnto 53 degrees and a halfe vnto a place called Punta de Santa Anna and to the Northwest thereof in a corner or nooke which is one of the rincones or nookes was the towne builded called La Ciudad del Don Philippe Thou must come to an anker to the Northward thereof after thou art past the castle and a great tree TWO VOYAGES OF CERTAINE ENGLISHmen to the riuer of Plate situate in 35 degrees of Southerly latitude together with an exact Ruttier and description thereof and of all the maine branches so farre as they are nauigable with small barkes By which riuer the Spaniards of late yeeres haue frequented an exceeding rich trade to and from Peru and the mines of Potossi as also to Chili and other places A report of a voyage of two Englishmen in the company of Sebastian Cabota intended for the Malucos by the Streights of Magellan but perfourmed onely to the riuer of Plate in April 1527. Taken out of the information of M. Robert Thorne to Doctor Ley Ambassadour for King Henry the eight to Charles the Emperour touching the discouery of the Malucos by the North. IN a flote of three ships and a carauell that went from this citie of Siuil armed by the merchants of it which departed in Aprill last past I and my partner haue one thousand foure hundred duckets that wee employed in the sayd fleete principally for that two Englishmen friendes of mine which are somewhat learned in Cosmographie should goe in the same ships to bring me certaine relation of the situation of the countrey and to be expert in the nauigation of those seas and there to haue informations of many other things and aduise that I desire to know especially Sâ—â—ing in those quarters are ships and mariners of that countrey and cardes by which they saile though much vnlike ours that they should procure to haue the sayd cards and learne how they vnderstand them and especially to know what nauigation they haue for those Islands Northwards and Northeastward For if from the said Islands the sea doth extend without interposition of land to saile from the North point to the Northeast point one thousand seuen hundred or one thousand eight hundred leagues they should come to The new found Islands that we discouered so we should be neerer to the said Spiâ—erie by almost 200 leagues then the Emperour or the king of Portugall are An extract out of the discourse of one Lopez Vaz a Portugal touching the fight of M. Fenton with the Spanish ships with a report of the proceeding of M. Iohn Drake after his departing from him to the riuer of Plate VPon the relation of Pedro Sarmiento concerning the streits of Magellan that they might be fortified and for that the king heard that there were ships in England preparing for the same streits he commanded Diego Flores de Valdes a noble man of Spaine to passe thither with 23 ships and 3500 men to stoppe the passage of the Englishmen There went in this fleete the gouernour of Chili with 500 olde souldiers that came out of Flanders but this was the vnhappiest fleet of ships that euer went out of Spaine for before they came from the coast of Spaine a storme tooke them and cast away fiue of the fleete and in them aboue 800 men and the rest came into Cadiz But the king sent them word that they should proceede and so there went out on the voyage 16 of the shippes
small shippes can enter into And this riuer divideth the countrey of the people called Carios from other nations which are called Guaâ—aes And from this riuer vnto the entrance of the mouth of the riuer of Plate it is al a plaine land and very low you must saile all along two or three leagues into the sea from the shore vntill you come to certaine Islands which lye twelue leagues from the mouth of the riuer of Plate From Rio Grande vnto these Islands are 68 leagues And from these Islands vnto the Cape of Saint Marie the coast runneth Northeast and Southwest somewhat inclining a poynt to the South The Islands are three and may be knowen as you come from the sea by two poynts which shew like the eares of a conie you may ride beâ—wâ—ene them and the maine From Rio Grande to the Cape of Sainâ— Marie are 80 leagues and the Cape mâ—y be knowne by one Island which lyeth from it a league and an halfe into the sea You may sayle betweene the maine and that Island because there is aboue 8 or 9 fathoms water The Cape of Saint Mary standeth in 35 degrees of Southerly latitude The Cape of Santa Maria vpon the poynt thereof hath a little hill which standeth ouer against the Isle of Seales From this coast of Santa Maria you must coast along the land alway on the North shore and along the same are certaine Bayes From the Cape vnto the riuer of Solis are tenne leagues the coast runneth East and West There standeth an Island ouer against the mouth thereof From this riuer of Solis vnto Los tres Mogoâ—es which are on the maine land is three leagues And from Los Mogotes vnto the Isles of Saint Grauiel are other 8 or 9 leagues more all this distance runneth East and West These are fiue small Islands to ride here you must keepe somewhat neere the maine within an harquebuze shot halfe a league before you come at the Islands and straight way you shall see a crosse ✚ standing on the said land and there is an harbour for some winds From Saint Grauiel vnto the riuer of Sant Iuan going along the same coast I say on the North shore are three leagues it is very well knowen by the broken cliffe which it hath which is a white hill The entrance into this riuer is very dangerous because it is shallow and none but very small shippes can enter into the same the entrance thereof is on the West side very neere the land great Carackes may ride within the harbour From this riuer vnto the Isle of Martin Garçia are three leagues it is one Island alone and you must sayle along the coast on the North shore and after you be come vnto the Island I say ouer against the same you shall haue three fathoms water and on the West side it hath a little creeke where you may ride He that desireth to crosse ouer the riuer of Plate vnto the riuer de Buenos Aëâ—es from the Isles of Saint Grauiel must shape his course Southwest and the cut ouer is sixeteene leagues and vpon his arriuall on the South shore of the riuer hee must seeke a chanell of three fathomes water and straâ—te he must goe along the coast vntill hee come to a broken cliffe and a poynt like vnto the firme sand which is distant from this chanell three or foure leagues and when thou seâ—st this broken cliffe keepe thee a league from it Here vpon this riuer of Buenos Aëres was the first Colonie that Don Pedro de Mendoça planted This riuer lieth very much hidden because it is not seene it is very shaâ—low at a low sea wherefore you must come in with the first of the flood From the Isle of Martin Garçia vnto certaine small Islands which are called the Isles of Sâ—int Lazarus is two leagues these are shoalds and to goe thither you must goe hard aboord the maâ—ne for there goeth the chanell all this is to be passed on the North shore and with small barkes and with good heede From the Isle of Martin Garçia to the mouthes of the riuer are eight leagues in passing along on this side to seeke one of the mouthes of the riuer Parana as it is hereafter described But you had need first to harboâ—â— in a bay which is in the very cliffe or Barranca and you must stay for the sâ—â— sea Anâ— if you fall inâ—â— the mouth of the riuer which is called Vruay you must leaue it on the right hand I say on the North side And foorthwith leauing the said mâ—uth forward toward the West you mâ—y enter into the fâ—â—st mouth although it seeme narrow or rather you may enter into to any of the mouthes for all of them meere together in Parana which is the maine riuer And hee tâ—at dâ—sireth to goe from the Isle of Martin Garçia to the riuer of Palmas which is tâ—e best of all â—hese armes or mâ—uthes to speake more properly is to shape his course to the West and comming ouâ—r to the other shore and sayling along the coast Northnorthwest hee shall discâ—uâ—r the mouth of this riuer of Palmas and hee must enter hard by Los luncales which lye on the Souâ—h side and afterward within is very deepe sounding All these mouthes of this riuer which are 5 are full of sholds towards the East aboue the space of two leagues And if the course of the water weâ—e not swâ—ft there you could not enter into them as I haue already sayd and you must passe all along with much heede and foresight And if peraduenture you haue passed Cape Saint Marie and are come ouer to Cape Blanco consider it that it is so euen and smooth a land that you can scarcely dâ—sceâ—ne it a league from the maine vnlesse it be a very cleare day and after this sort the coast lieth low vnto the riuer de Buenos Aëres And â—rom thence the coast lyeth somewhat high vnto the entrance of the riuer de Palmas all the coast runneth as I sayd before And all along this coast are naughty people which eate those which they kill and many Tygers From the Isle of Martin Garçia vnto Sant Saluadoâ— is nine or tenne leagues This is an Island which standeth two leagues within the first mouth where Sebastian Cabota tooke possession And this countrey is very well peopled by a people called Carios and you must beware of all these people for they â—re your deadly enemies The most Southerly mouth of Parana called Rio de Palmas is sixteene leagues long and it hath many turnings and many palme or date-trees growing neere it whereupon it is called The riuer of palme trees and forthwith it entreth into the riuer Paranâ— as soone as these sixteene leagues are finished All the other armes containe likewise sixteenâ— leagues in length sauing one small or narrowe arme which is called The riuer de los Beguaes
fathoms vntill wee came vp to the roade which is about a league from the poynt borrowing alwayes on the South side vntill you come vp to the watering place in which Baye is the best roade but you must ride farre into the Baye because there run marueilous great tydes in the offâ—â— and it floweth into the road next of any thing at a Southeast and by East moone It is out of England to this place 930. leagues which wee ranne from the 21. of Iuly to the 26. of this moneth of August On Saturday being the 27. day there came 2. Negros aboord our Admiral from the shore and made signes vnto our Generall that there was a Portugal ship vp within the harborough so the Hugh Gallant beeing the Rere-admirall went vp 3 or 4. leagues but for want of a Pilot they sought no farther for the harborough runneth 3. or 4. leagues vp more and is of a marueilous bredth and very dangerous as we learned afterward by a Portugal On Sunday the 28. the Generall sent some of his company on shore and there as they played and daunced all the forenoone among the Negros to the end to haue heard some good newes of the Portugal ship toward their comming aboord they espied a Portugal which lay hid among the bushes whom we tooke and brought away with vs the same night and he tolde vs it was very dangerous going vp with our boates for to seeke the ship that was at the towne Whereupon wee went not to seeke her because we knew he told vs the trueth for we bound him and made him fast and so examined him Also he told vs that his ship was there cast away and that there were two more of his company among the Negros the Portugals name was Emmanuel and was by his occupation a Calker belonging to the Port of Portugal On Munday morning being the 29. day our Generall landed with 70. men or thereabout and went vp to their towne where we burnt 2. or 3. houses and tooke what spoyle wee would which was but litle but al the people fled and in our retiring aboord in a very litle plaine at their townes ende they shot their arrowes at vs out of the woods and hurt 3. or 4. of our men their arrowes were poysoned but yet none of our men miscaryed at that time thanked be God Their towne is marueilous artificially builded with mudde walles and built round with their yards pales in and kept very cleane aswell in their streetes as in their houses These Negros vse good obedience to their king as one of our men sayd which was with them in pawne for the Negros which came first There were in their towne by estimation about one hundred houses The first of September there went many of our men on shore at the watering place and did wash shirts very quietly all the day and the second day they went againe and the Negros were in ambush round about the place and the carpenter of the Admiral going into the wood to doe some speciall businesse espied them by good fortune But the Negros rushed out vpon our men so suddenly that in retiring to our boates many of them were hurt among whom one William Pickman a souldier was shot into the thigh who plucking the arrow out broke it and left the head behinde and he told the Chirurgions that he plucked out all the arrow because he would not haue them lance his thigh whereupon the poyson wrought so that night that hee was marueilously swollen and all his belly and priuie parts were as blacke as ynke and the next morning he died the peece of the arrow with the poyson being plucked out of his thigh The third day of the sayd moneth diuers of our fleete went vp 4. myles within the harbour with our boate and caught great store of fish and went on shore and tooke Limmons from the trees and comming aboord againe saw two Buffes The 6. day we departed from Sierra leona and went out of the harborough and stayed one tide 3. leagues from the point of the mouth of the Harborough in 6. fathoms and it floweth South Southwest On wednesday being the 7. of the same moneth wee departed from one of the Isles of Cape Verde alià s the Isles of Madrabumba which is 10. leagues distant from the poynt of Sierra leona and about fiue of the clocke the same night we anchored 2. miles off the Iland in 6. fathoms water and landed the same night and found Plantans only vpon the Ilande The 8. day one of our boats went out sounded round about the Iland they passed through a sound at the west end of the Iland where they found 5. fathoms round about the Iland vntil they came vnto the very gutte of the sound and then for a cast or two they had but 2. fathoms and presently after 6. fathoms and so deeper and deeper And at the East ende of the Iland there was a towne where Negros doe vse at sometimesâ— as we perceiued by their prouision There is no fresh water on all the South side as we could perceiue but on the North side three or foure very good places of fresh water and all the whole Iland is a wood saue certaine litle places where their houses stand which are inuironed round about with Plantan-trees whereof the fruit is excellent meat This place is subiect marueilous much to thunder raine and lightning in this moneth I thinke the reason is because the sunne is so neere the line Equinoctiall On saturday the tenth wee departed from the sayde Iland about 3. of the clocke in the afternoone the winde being at the Southwest The last of October running West Southwest about 24. leagues from Cape Frio in Brasile we fell with a great mountaine which had an high round knoppe on the top of it standing from it like a towne with two litle Ilands from it The first of Nouember wee went in betweene the Iland of Saint Sebastian and the mayne land and had our things on shore and set vp Forge and had our caske on shore our coopers made hoopes and so we remayned there vntill the 23. day of the same moneth in which time we fitted our things built our Pinnesse and filled our fresh water And while our Pinnesse was in building there came a Canoa from the riuer of Ienero meaning to goe to S. Vincent wherein were sixe naked slaues of the Countrey people which did rowe the Canoa and one Portugal And the Portugal knewe Christopher Hare Master of the Admirall for that Master Hare had bene at Saint Vincent in the Minion of London in the yeere 1581. And thinking to haue Iohn Whithal the Englishman which dwelleth at Saint Vincent come vnto vs which is twentie leagues from this Harborough with some other thereby to haue had some fresh victuals we suffered the Portugal to goe with a letter vnto him who promised to
and the maine After that we came to an ancre we tooke the latitude which was 68. degrees 1. minute after noone the winde at North with plentie of snowe At a West sunne there came aboord vs certaine Lappians in a boate to the number of sixeteene persons and amongst them there were two wenches and some of them could speake the Russe tongue I asked them where their abiding was and they tolde mee that there was a companie or heard of them to the number of 100. men besides women and children but a litle from vs in the riuer Iekonga They tolde me that they had bene to seeke meate among the rockes saying If wee get no meate wee eate none I sawe them eate rocke weedes as hungerly as a cowe doeth grasse when shee is hungrie I sawe them also eate foules egges rawe and the yong birdes also that were in the egges I obserued certaine wordes of their language which I thought good to set downe for their vse that hereafter shall haue occasion to continue this voyage COwghtie coteat what call you this Poddythecke come hither Auanchythocke get the hence Anna farewell Teyrue good morrowe Iomme â—emaufes I thanke you Passeuellie a friend Olmuelke a man Captella a woman Alke a sonne Neit a daughter or yong wench Oyuie a head Cyelme an eye Nenna a nose Nealma a mouth Pannea teeth Neughtema a tongue Seaman a beard Peallee an eare Teappat the necke Voapt the haire Keat a hand Soarme fingers Iowlkie a legge Peelkie the thombe or great toe Sarke wollen cloth Lein linnen cloth Payte a shirt Tol fire Keatse water Murr wood Vannace a boate Ariea an oare Nurr a roape Peyue a day Hyr a night Peyuezea the Sunne Manna the Moone Laste starres Cozam volka whither goe you Ottapp sleepe Tallye that Keiedde pieue a weeke Isckie a yeere Kesse Sommer Talue Winter Iowksam colde Parox warme Abrye raine Youghang yce Keaâ—ykye a stone Sellowpe siluer Solda golde Tennae tinnne Veskue copper Rowadt yron Neybx a knife Axshe a hatchet Leabee bread Ieauegoat meale Pencka the winde Iowte A platter Kemnie a kettle Keestes gloues Sapege shoes Conde a wilde Deare Poatsa the labouring Deare Their wordes of number are these as followeth OFte 1. Noumpte 2. Colme 3. Nellye 4. Vitte 5. Cowte 6. Keydeem 7. Kaffts 8. Owghchte 9. Locke 10. Ostretumbelocke 11. Cowghtnumbelocke 12. Colmenonbelocke 13. Nellynombelocke 14. Vittie nombelocke 15. Cowtenombelocke 16. Keydemnombelocke 17. Kafts nombelocke 18. Owght nombelocke 19. Coffreylocke 20. Colmelocke 30. Nellylocke 40. Vitte locke 50. Cowtelocke 60. Keydemlocke 70. Kaffstelocke 80. Oughcheteloke 90. Tewer 100. 25 Friday in the morning we departed from Saint Iohns Island to the Westwards thereof a mile from the shoare we sounded and had 36. fadoms and oazie sand Iuana Creos is from Cape gallant Westnorthwest and halfe a point to the Northwards and betweene them is 7. leagues The point of the Island which is Cape comfort lyeth from Iuana Creos Northwest and by North and almost the 3. part of a point to the Westwards and betweene them are 3. leagues The Eastermost of S. Georges Islands or the 7. Islands lyeth from Iuana Creos Northwest halfe a point to the Northwards and betweene them are 14. leagues a halfe The vttermost of the 7. Islands Cape comfort lieth Northwest by North Southeast and by South Under the Southermost Island you shall finde good roade for all Northerly windes from the Northwest to the Northeast From the Southeast part of the 7. Islands vnto the Northwest part of them are 3. leagues and a halfe From the Northwest part of the Islands aforesaid vnto S. Peters Islands are 11. leagues Northwest 26 S. Peters Islands rise an indifferent low point not seeming to be an Island and as if it had a castle vpon it S. Pauls Islands lie from S. Peters Islands Northwest and to the Westwards and betweene them are 6. leagues Within these Islands there is a faire sandy bay and there may be found a good roade for Northerly windes Cape Sower beere lyeth from S. Pauls Islands Northwest and by West and betweene them are 5. leagues Cape comfort which is the Island of Kildina lieth from Cape Sower beere 6. leagues West Northwest and it is altogether a bay betweene them seeming many Islands in it From Cape Bonauenture to Chebe Nauoloche are 10. leagues Northwest and a litle to the Westwards Chebe Nauoloche is a faire point wheron standeth a certaine blacke like an emptie buâ—te standing a head From Chebe Nauoloch to Kegor is 9. leagues and a halfe Northwest and halfe a poynt to the Westwards Kegor riseth as you come from the Eastwards like 2. round homocks standing together and a faire saddle betweene them 27 It floweth where we road this Sunday to the Eastwards of Kegor at a Southeast and by East moone a full sea we roade in 15. fadome water within halfe a mile of the shoare at a Northwest Sunne the mist came downe so thicke that we were faine to come to an ancre within lesse then a mile of the point that turneth to Doms haff where we had 33. fadome and the sounding like to the skurfe of a skalde head 28 Munday at afternoone wee came into the Sound of Wardhouse although it were very mistie Then I sent a man a shoare to know some newes and to see whether they could heare any thing of our ships 29 Tuesday I went on shoare and dined with the Captaines deputie who made mee great cheere the Captaine himselfe was not as yet come from Bergen they looked for him euery houre and they said that he would bring newes with him At a Northwest and by North sunne we departed from Wardhouse toward Colmogro 30 Wednesday we came to Kegor where we met with the winde at East Southeast so that we were faine to go in to a bay to the Westwards of the point Kegor where a man may moare 2. or 3. small ships that shall not draw past 11. or 12. foote water for all windes an East Northeast winde is the worst It is a ledge of rocks that defendeth the Northerly winds froÌ„ the place where they moare When we came into the bay we saw there a barke which was of Dronton three or foure Norway ye aghes belonging to Northberne so when I came a shoare I met first with the Dutchmen amongst whom was the Borrow-masters sonne of Dronton who tolde me that the Philip and Mary wintered at Dronton and withall he shewed me that the Confidence was lost and that he had bought her sailes for his ship Then the Dutch-men caried me to their Boothe and made me good cheere where I sawe the Lappians chepen of the said Dutchmen both siluer platters and dishes spoones gilt rings ornaments for girdles of siluer gilt and certaine things made to hang about the necke with siluer chaines belonging to them The Dutchmen bring
sixe degrees 40 minutes Then we went north and by West because we would not come too nigh the land and running that course foure houres we discouered and had sight of Rost Islands ioining to the main land of Finmarke Thus continuing our course along the coast of Norway and Finmark the 27 day we tooke the Sunne being as farre shot as Lofoot and had the latitude in 69 degrees And the same day in the afternoone appeared ouer our heads a rainebow like a semicircle with both ends vpwarde Note that there is between the said Rost Islands Lofoot a whirle poole called Malestrand which from halfe ebbe vntill halfe flood maketh such a terrible noise that it shaketh the ringes in the doores of the inhabitants houses of the sayd Islands tenne miles off Also if there commeth any Whale within the current of the same they make a pitifull crie Moreouer if great trees be caried into it by force of streams and after with the ebbe be cast out againe the ends and boughs of them haue bene so beaten that they are like the stalkes of hempe that is bruised Note that all the coaste of Finmarke is high mountaines and hils being couered all the yere with snow And hard aboord the shoare of this coast there is 100 or 150 fadomes of water in depth Thus proceeding and sailing forward we fell with an Island called Zenam being in the latitude of 70 degrees About this Island we saw many Whales very moÌ„strous about our ships some by estimation of 60 foot long and being the ingendring time they roared and cried terriblie From thence we fell with an Island called Kettelwicke This coast from Rost vnto Lofoot lieth North and south and from Lofoot to Zenam Northeast and southwest and from Zenam to Kettelwike Eastnortheast and Westsouthwest From the said Kettelwike we sailed East and by North 10 leagues and fell with a land called Inger sound where we fished being becalmed and tooke great plenty of Cods Thus plying along the coast we fell with a Cape called the North Cape which is the Northermost land that wee passe in our voyage to S. Nicholas and is in the latitude of 71 degrees and ten minutes and is from Inger sound East and to the Northwards 15 leagues And being at this North Cape the second day of Iuly we had the sunne at North 4 degrees aboue the Horizon The third day wee came to Wardhouse hauing such mists that we could not see the land This Wardhouse is a Castle standing in an Island 2 miles from the maine of Finland subiect to the king of Denmarke and the Eastermost land that he hath There are two other Islands neere adioining vnto that whereon the Castle of Wardhouse standeth The inhabitants of those three Islands liue onely by fishing and make much stockefish which they dry with frost their most feeding is fish bread and drinke they haue none but such as is brought them from other places They haue small store of cattell which are also fed with fish From Wardhouse we sailed Southsoutheast ten leagues and fell with a Cape of land called Kegor the Northermost part of the lande of Lappia And betweene Wardhouse and the said Cape is a great Bay called Dommes haff in the South part whereof is a Monasterie of Monkes of the Russes religion called Pechinchow Thus proceeding forward and sayling along the coast of the said land of Lappia winding Southeast the fourth day through great mists and darkenes we lost the company of the other three ships and met not with them againe vntill the seuenth day when we fell with a Cape or headland called Swetinoz which is the entring into the Bay of S. Nicholas At this Cape lieth a great stone to the which the barkes that passed thereby were wont to make offrings of butter meale and other victuals thinking that vnlesse they did so their barkes or vessels should there perish as it hath bene oftentimes seene and there it is very darke and mistie Note that the sixt day we passed by the place where Sir Hugh Willoughbie with all his company perished which is called Arzina reca that is to say the riuer Arzina The land of Lappia is an high land hauing snow lying on it commonly all the yere The people of the Countrey are halfe Gentiles they liue in the summer time neere the sea side and vse to take fish of the which they make bread and in the winter they remoue vp into the countrey into the woods where they vse hunting and kill Deere Beares Woolues Foxes and other beasts with whose flesh they be nourished and with their skinnes apparelled in such strange fashion that there is nothing seene of them bare but their eies They haue none other habitation but onely in tents remouing from place to place according to the season of the yeere They know no arte nor facultie but onely shooting which they exercise dayly as well men as women and kill such beasts as serue them for their foode Thus proceeding along the coast from Swetinoz aforesaid the ninth day of Iuly wee came to Cape Grace being in the latitude of 66 degrees and 45 minutes and is at the entring in of the Bay of S. Nicholas Aboord this land there is 20 or 30 fadoms water and sundry grounds good to anker in The current at this Cape runneth Southwest and Northeast From this Cape wee proceeded along vntill we came to Crosse Island which is seuen leagues from the sayd Cape Southwest and from this Island wee set ouer to the other side of the Bay and went Southwest and fell with an headland called Foxenose which is from the sayd Island 25 leagues The entring of this Bay from Crosse Island to the neerest land on the other side is seuen leagues ouer From Foxenose proceeding forward the twelfth day of the sayd moneth of Iuly all our foure ships arriued in safetie at the road of Saint Nicholas in the land of Russia where we ankered and had sailed from London vnto the said roade seuen hundred and fifty leagues The Russian ambassadour and his company with great ioy got to shore and our ships here forthwith discharged themselues and being laden againe and hauing a faire winde departed toward England the first of August The third of the sayd moneth I with other of my company came vnto the citie of Colmogro being an hundred versâ—es from the Bay of Saint Nicholas and in the latitude of 64 degrees 25 minutes I carried at the said Colmogro vntill the fifteenth day and then I departed in a little boate vp the great riuer of Dwina which runneth very swiftly and the selfe same day passed by the mouth of a riuer called Pinego leauing it on our lefte hand fifteene verstes from Colmogro On both sides of the mouth of this riuer Pinego is high land great rockes of Alablaster great woods and Pineapple trees lying along within the ground
voluntate expresso nostro mandato curauimus vt non solum vestrae Maiestatis pro illis postulationi sed eorundem etiam hominum expectationi plenè satisfactum esse confidamus Id quod eo fecimus studiosius quod plane perspectum probèque cognitum habeamus nostros omnes quibona cum gratia nostra nostrarúmque literarum commendatione isâ—uâ— sub vestro imperio negotiaturi veniunt pari cum vestrae Maiestatis fauore tum vestrorum subditorum humanitate vbiuis acceptos esse Quae nostra vtrobÃque mutuae inter nos amicitiae gratae inter nostros beneuolentiae officia vt crebra perpetua existant nos admodum postulamus Quem animi nostri sensum fusius hi vestri opportunius suo sermone coram declarabunt Quibus non dubitamus quin vestra Maiestas amplam fidem sit tributura Deus c. Grenouici nono die Maij 1567. The Ambassage of the right worshipfull Master Thomas Randolfe Esquire to the Emperour of Russia in the yeere 1568 briefly written by himselfe THe 22 day of Iune in the yere of our Lord 1568 I went aboord the Harry lying in the road at Harwich with my company being to the number of fortie persons or thereabout of which the one halfe were gentlemen desirous to see the world Within one dayes sailing we were out of the sight of land and following our course directly North till we came to the North Cape we sailed for the space of twelue dayes with a prosperous winde without tempest or outrage of sea hauing compassed the North Cape we directed our course flat Southeast hauing vpon our right hand Norway Wardhouse Lapland all out of sight till we came to Cape Gallant and so sailing betweene two dayes the two and thirtieth day after our departure from Harwich we cast ancre at Saint Nicholas road In all the time of our voyage more then the great number of Whales ingendering together which we might plainly beholde and the Sperma Cetae which we might see swimming vpon the sea there was no great thing to be woondered at Sometimes we had calmes wherein our Mariners fished and tooke good store of diuers sorts At S. Nicholas we landed the 23 of Iuly where there standeth an abbey of Monks to the number of twentie built all of wood the apparell of the Monks is superstitious in blacke hoods as ours haue bene Their Church is faire but full of painted images tapers and candles Their owne houses are low and small roomes They lie apart they eat together and are much giuen to drunkennesse vnlearned write they can preach they doe neuer ceremonious in their Church and long in their prayers At my first arriuall I was presented from their Prior with two great rie loaues fish both salt and fresh of diuers sorts both sea fish and fresh water one sheepe aliue blacke with a white face to be the more gratefull vnto me and so with many solemne words inuiting me to see their house they tooke their leaue Towne or habitation at S. Nicholas there is none more then about foure houses neere the abbey and another built by the English Company for their owne vse This part of the countrey is most part wood sauing here and there pasture arable ground many riuers and diuers Islands vnhabited as the most part of the countrey is for the coldnesse in Winter S. Nicholas standeth Northeast the eleuation of the pole 64 degrees The riuer that runneth there into the sea is called Dwina very large but shallow This riuer taketh his beginning about 700 miles within the countrey vpon this riuer standeth Colmogro and many prety villages well situated for pasture arable land wood and water The riuer pleasant betweene hie hils of either side inwardly inhabited and in a maner a wildernesse of hie firre trees and other wood At Colmogro being 100 versts which we account for three quarters of a mile euery verst we taried three weeks not being suffered to depart before the Emperour had word of our comming who sent to meet vs a gentleman of his house to conuey vs and to see vs furnished of victuals and all things needfull vpon his owne charge The allowance of meat and drinke was for euery day two rubbles besides the charge of boats by water and foure score post horses by land with aboue 100 carts to cary my wines and other cariage Colmogro is a great towne builded all of wood not walled but scattered house from house The people are rude in maners and in apparell homely sauing vpon their festiuall and marriage dayes The people of this town finding commodity by the English mens traffike with them are much at their commandement giuen much to drunkennesse and all other kinde of abominable vices In this towne the English men haue lands of their owne giuen them by the Emperour and faire houses with offices for their commodity very many Of other townes vntill I come to Vologda I write not because they are much like to this and the inhabitants not differing from them I was fiue whole weeks vpon the riuer of Dwina till I came to Vologda being drawen with men against the streame for other passage there is none Vologda standeth vpon the riuer of Vologda which commeth into Dwina The towne is great and long built all of wood as all their townes are In this towne the Emperour hath built a castle inuironed with a wall of stone and bricke the walles faâ—re and hie round about Here as in all other their townes are many Churches some built of bricke the rest of wood many Monks and Nunnes in it a towne also of great traffike and many rich merchants there dwelling From hence we passed by land towards Mosco in poste being 500 versts great which are equall with our miles In their townes we baited or lay being post townes The countrey is very faire plaine pleasant well inhabited corne pasture medowes enough riuers and woods faire and goodly At Yeraslaue we passed the riuer of Volga more then a mile ouer This riuer taketh his beginning at Beal Ozera descendeth into Mare Caspium portable thorow of very great vessels with flat bottomes which farre passe any that our countrey vseth To saile by this riuer into Mare Caspium the English company caused a barke to be built of 27 tunns which there was neuer seene before This barke built and ready rigged to the sea with her whole furniture cost not the company aboue one hundreth marks there To Mosco we came about the end of September receiued by no man not so much as our owne countreymen suffered to meet vs which bred suspition in me of some other course intended then we had hitherto found We were brought to a house built of purpose by the Emperour for Ambassadours faire and large after the fashion of that countrey Two gentlemen were appointed to attend vpon me the one to see vs furnished of
respecting whoÌ„ we tooke so that we might haue enriched our selues which was the cause of this our trauaile and for that we would not bee knowen of what nation we were wee displayed a white silke ensigne in our maine toppe which they seeing made accompt that we had bene some of the king of Spaines Armadas lying in wait for English men of war but when we came within shot of her we tooke downe our white flagge and spread abroad the Crosse of S. George which when they saw it made them to flie as fast as they might but all their haste was in vaine for our shippes were swifter of saile then they which they fearing did presently cast their ordinance and small shot with many letters and the draft of the Straights of Magelan into the Sea and thereupon immediatly we tooke her wherein wee also tooke a gentleman of Spaine named Pedro Sarmiento gouernour of the Straights of Magelan which saide Pedro we brought into England with vs and presented him to our soueraigne Lady the Queene After this lying off and about the Islands wee descried another saile and bearing after her we spent the maine maste of our Admirall but yet in the night our Uiceadmirall tooke her being laden with fish from Cape Blanke the which shippe wee let goe againe for want of men to bring her home The next day we discried two other sailes the one a shippe and the other a Carauel to whom we gaue chase which they seeing with all speede made in vnder the Isle of Graciosa to a certaine Fort there for their succour where they came to an anker and hauing the winde of vs we could not hurt them with our ships but we hauing a small boate which we called a light horseman wherein my selfe was being a Musqueter and foure more with Caliuers and foure that rowed came neere vnto the shore against the winde which when they saw vs come towards them they caried a great part of their marchandise on land whither also the men of both vessels went and landed and as soone as we came within Musquee shot they began to shoote at vs with great ordinance and small shot and we likewise at them and in the ende we boorded one shippe wherein was no man left so we â—â—t her cables hoysed her sailes and sent her away with two of our men and the other 7. of vs passed more neere vnto the shoare and boorded the Carauel which did ride within a stones cast from the shoare and so neere the land that the people did cast stones at vs but yet iâ—despight of them all we tooke her and one onely Negro thereinâ— and cutting her cables in the hawse we hoysed her sailes and being becalmed vnder â—he land we were constrained to rowe her out with our boate the Fort still shooting at vs and the people on land with Musquets and caliuers to the number of â— 50. or thereabout and we answered them with the small force wee had In the time of which our shooting the shot of my Musquet being a crosse harre-shot happened to strike the gunner of the fort to death euen as he was giuing leuell to one of his great pieces and thus we parted from them without any losse or hurt on our side And now hauing taken these fiue saâ—les of shippes we did as before turne away the shippe with the fish without hurting them and from one of the other shippes wee tooke her maine Maste to serue our Admirals turne and so sent her away putting into her all the Spaniards and Portugals sauing that gentleman Pedro Sarmiento with three other of the principal men and two Negroes leauing them all within sight of land with bread and water sufficient for 10. dayes if neede were Thus setting our course for England being off the Islands in the height of 41. degrees or there about one of our men being in the toppe discried a saile then 10. saile then 15. whereupon it was concluded to sende home those prizes we had and so left in both our Pinasses not aboue 60. men Thus wee returned againe to the Fleete wee had discried where wee found 24. saile of shippes whereof two of them were Caracks the one of 1200. and the other of a 1000. tunnes and 10. Galions the rest were small shippes and Carauels all laden with Treasure spices and sugars with which 24. shippes we with two small Pinasses did fight and kept company the space of 32. houres continually fighting with them and they with vs but the two Caracks kept still betwixt the Fleete and vs that wee could not take any one of them so wanting powder wee were forced to giue them ouer against our willes for that wee were all wholly bent to the gaining of some of them but necessâ—ie compelling vs and that onely for want of powder without losse of any of our men which was a thing to be wondered at considering the inequalitie of number at length we gaue them ouer Thus we againe set our course for England and so came to Plimouth within 6. houres after our prizes which we sent away 40. houres before vs where wee were receiued with triumphant ioy not onely with great Ordinance then shot off but with the willing hearts of all the people of the Towne and of the Countrey thereabout and we not sparing our Ordinance with the powder wee had left to requite and answere them againe And from thence wee brought our prizes to Southampton where sir Walter Ralegh being our owner rewarded vs with our shares Our prizes were laden with sugars Elephants teeth waxe hides rice brasill and Cuser as by the testimonie of Iohn Euesham himselfe Captaine Whiddon Thomas Rainford Beniamin Wood William Cooper Master William Cornish Master Thomas Drake Corporall Iohn Ladd gunner William Warefield gunner Richard Moone Iohn Drew Richard Cooper of Harwich William Beares of Ratcliffe Iohn Row of Saltash and many others may appeare A briefe relation of the notable seruice performed by Sir Francis Drake vpon the Spanish Fleete prepared in the Road of Cadiz and of his destroying of 100. saile of barks Passing from thence all along the coast to Cape Sacre where also hee tooke certaine Forts and so to the mouth of the Riuer of Lisbon and thence crossing ouer to the Isle of Sant Michael supprized a mighty Carack called the Sant Philip comming out of the East India which was the first of that kinde that euer was seene in England Performed in the yeere 1587. HEr Maiestie being informed of a mightie preparation by Sea begunne in Spaine for the inuasion of England by good aduise of her graue and prudent Counsell thought it expedient to preuent the same Whereupon she caused a Fleete of some 30. sailes to be rigged and furnished with all things necessary Ouer that Fleete she appointed Generall sir Francis Drake of whose manifold former good seruices she had sufficient proofe to whom the caused 4. ships of her Nauie royall to be
and cary away his barks and Carauels was content to suffer vs there quietly to tary and likewise to depart and neuer charged vs with one Canon-shot And when our Generall sent him worde that hee was there ready to exchange certaine bullets with him the marques refused his chalenge sending him word that he was not then ready for him nor had any such Commission from his King Our Generall thus refused by the Marques and seeing no more good to be done in this place thought it conuenient to spend no longer time vpon this coast and therefore with consent of the chiefe of his Company he shaped his course toward the Isles of the Açoâ—es and passing towards the Isle of Saint Michael within 20. or 30. leagues thereof it was his good fortune to meete with a Portugale Carak called Sant Philip being the same shippe which in the voyage outward had caried the 3. Princes of Iapan that were in Europe into the Indies This Carak without any great râ—sistance hee tooke bestowing the people thereof in certaine vessels well furnished with victuals and sending them courteously home into their Countrey and this was the first Carak that euer was taken comming foorth of the East Indies which the Portugals tooke for an euil signe because the ship bare the Kings owne name The riches of this prize seemed so great vnto the whole Company as in trueth it was that they assured themselues euery man to haue a sufficient reward for his trauel and thereupon they all resolued to returne home for England which they happily did and arriued in Plimouth the same Sommer with their whole Fleete and this rich booty to their owne profite and due commendation and to the great admiration of the whole kingdome And here by the way it is to be noted that the taking of this Carak wrought two extraordinary effects in England first that it taught others that Caracks were no such bugs but that they might be taken as since indeed it hath fallen out in the taking of the Madre de Dios and fyreing and sinking of others and secondly in acquainting the English Nation more generally with the particularities of the exceeding riches and wealth of the East Indies whereby themselues and their neighbours of Holland haue bene incouraged being men as skilfull in Nauigation and of no lesse courage then the Portugals to share with them in the East Indies where their strength is nothing so great as heretofore hath bene supposed A Patent granted to certaine Marchants of Exeter and others of the West parts and of London for a trade to the Riuer of Senega and Gambra in Guinea 1588. ELlizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland defender of the faith c. To our Treasurer and Admirall of England our Treasurer and Barons of our Exchequer and all and euery our Officers minâ—sters and subiects whatsoeuer greeting Whereas our welbeloued subiects William Brayley Gilbert Smith Nicolas Spicer and Iohn Doricot of our City of Exeter marchants Iohn Yong of Coliton in our country of Deuon marchant Richard Doderige of Barnestable in our saide Countie of Deuon Marchant Anthonie Dassell and Nicolas Turner of our Citie of London Marchants haue bene perswaded and earnestly moued by certaine Portugals resident within our Dominions to vndertake and set forward a voyage to certaine places on the coast of Guinea Videlicet from the Northermost part of the Riuer commonly called by the name of the Riuer of Senega and from and within that Riuer all along that coast vnto the Southermost part of another Riuer commonly called by the name of Gambra and within that Riuer which as we are informed they haue already once performed accordingly And for that we are credibly giuen to vnderstand that the further prosecuting of the same voyage and the due and orderly establishing of an orderly trafique and trade of marchandize into those Countreis wil not only in time be very beneficial to these our Realmes and dominions but also be a great succour and reliefe vnto the present distressed estate of those Portugals who by our princely fauour liue and continue here vnder our protection And coÌ„sidering that the aduenturing and enterprising of a newe trade cannot be a matter of small charge and hazard to the aduenturers in the beginning we haue therefore thought it conuenient that our said louing subiects William Brayley Gilbert Smith Nicholas Spicer Iohn Doricot Iohn Yong Richard Doderige Anthonie Dassell and Nicholas Turner for the better incouragement to proceede in their saide aduenture and trade in the said Countreis shal haue the sole vse and exercise thereof for a certaine time In consideration whereof and for other waightie reasons and considerations vs specially moouing of our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion we haue giuen and graunted and by these presents for vs our heires and successors doe giue and graunt vnto the said William Brayley Gilbert Smith Nicholas Spicer Iohn Doricot Iohn Young Richard Doderide Anthony Dassell and Nicholas Turner and to euery of them and to such other our Subiects as they or the most part of them shall thinke conuenient to receiue into their Company and society to be the traders with them into the said Countreis that they and euery of them by themselues or by their seruants or Factors and none others shall and may for and during the full space and terme of tenne yeeres next ensuing the date of these presents haue and enioy the free and whole trafique trade and feat of marchandise to and from the said Northermost part of the said Riuer commonly called by the name of the Riuer of Senega and from and within that Riuer all along the coast of Guinea vnto the Southermost part of the said Riuer commonly called by the name of the Riuer of Gambra and within that Riuer also And that they the said William Brayley Gilbert Smith Nicholas Spicer Iohn Doricot Iohn Yong Richard Doderige Anthony Dassel and Nicholas Turner euery of them by themselues or by their seruants or Factors such as they or the most part of them shall receiue into their Company and societie to be traders with them into the sayd Countreis as is aforesaid and none others shall and may for and during the said space and terme of 10. yeres haue and enioy the sole whole trafique or trade of marchandize into and from the said places afore limitted and described for the buying selling bartering and changing of and with any goods wares and marchandizes whatsoeuer to be vented had or found at or within any the cities townes or places situated or being in the countries parts coastes of Guinea before limitted any law statute or graunt matter custome or priuileges to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding And for the better ordering establishing gouerning of the said societie and Company in the said trade and trafique of marchandizes the quiet orderly lawfull exercise of the same We for vs our
and that the next morning they would send my Lord a reâ—olute answere to his demaunde for as yet they could not knowe their Gouernours minde herein The next morning there came vnto vs a boate from the shoare with a flagge of truce wherein were three of the chiefe men of the Island who agreed with my Lorde that hee should haue of them sixtie buttes of wine and fresh victuals to refresh himselfe and his companie withall but as for fresh water they could not satisfie our neede therein hauing themselues little or none sauing such as they saued in vessels or cisternes when it rayned and that they had rather giue vs two tunnes of wine then one of water but they requested that our souldiers might not come on shoare for they themselues would bring all they had promised to the water-side which request was graunted we keeping one of them aboord with vs vntill their promise was performed and the other we sent to shoare with our emptie Caske and some of our men to helpe to fill and bring them away with such other prouision as was promised so the Margaret Captaine Dauis his shippe and another of Weymouth stayed ryding at anker before the Towne to take in our prouision This shippe of Weymouth came to vs the day before and had taken a rich Prize as it was reported worth sixteene thousand pound which brought vs newes that the West-Indian Fleete was not yet come but would come very shortly But we with the Victorie put off to sea and vpon Saturday the fourth of October we tooke a French shippe of Saint Malo a citie of the vnholy league loden with fish from New-found land which had beene in so great a tempest that she was constrayned to cut her mayne mast ouerboord for her safetie and was now comming to Graciosa to repaire her selfe But so hardly it befell her that she did not onely not repaire her former losses but lost all that remayned vnto vs. The chiefe of her men we tooke into our ship and sent some of our men mariners and souldiers into her to bring her into England Upon the Sunday following at night all our promised prouision was brought vnto vs from Graâ—iosa and we friendly dismissed the Ilanders with a peale of Ordinance Upon Munday Tuesday and Wednesday we plyed to and fro about those Islandes being very rough weather And vpon Thursday at night being driuen some three or foure leagues from Tercera we saw fifteene saile of the West-Indian Fleete comming into the Hauen at Angra in Tercera But the winde was such that for the space of foure dayes after though wee lay as close by the winde as was possible yet we could not come neere them In this time we lost our late French Prize not being able to lie so neere the winde as we and heard no more of her till we came to England where shee safely arriued Upon Munday we came very neere the Hauens mouth being minded to haue runne in amongst them and to haue fetched out some of them if it had beene possible But in the end this enterprise was deemed too daungerous considering the strength of the place where they rode being haled and towed in neerer the towne at the first sight of our approching and lying vnder the protection of the Castle of Brasill on the one side hauing in it fiue and twentie peeces of Ordinance and a fort on the other side wherein were 13 or 14 great brasse pieces Besides when we came neere land the winde prooued too scant for vs to attempt any such enterprise Upon Tuesday the fourteenth of October we sent our boate to the roade to sound the depth to see if there were any ankoring place for vs where we might lie without shot of the Castle and Fort and within shot of some of those shippes that we might either make them come out to vs or sinke them where they lay Our boate returned hauing found out such a place as we desired but the winde would not suffer vs to come neere it and againe if we could haue ankored there it was thought likely that they would rather runne themselues a ground to saue their liues and liberties and some of their goods then come foorth to loose their liberties and goods to vs their enemies So we shot at them to see if we could reach them but it fell farre short And thus we departed thinking it not probable that they would come foorth so long as we watched for them before the hauens mouth or within sight of them For the space of fiue dayes after we put off to sea and lay without sight of them and sent a pinnesse to lie out of sight close by the shore to bring vs word if they should come foorth After a while the Pinnesse returned and tolde vs that those ships in the Hauen had taken downe their sayles and let downe their toppe mastes so that wee supposed they would neuer come foorth till they perceiued vs to bee quite gone Wherefore vpon the 20 of October hearing that there were certaine Scottish ships at Saint Michael we sayled thither and found there one Scottish roader and two or three more at Villa Franca the next road a league or two from the towne of S. Michael to the Eastwards of whom we had for our reliefe some small quantitie of wine viz. some fiue or sixe buttes of them all and some fresh water but nothing sufficient to serue our turne Upon Tuesday the one and twentieth of October we sent our long boate to shore for fresh water at a brooke a little to the Westwards from Villa Franca But the Inhabitants espying vs came downe with two Ensignes displayed and about some hundred and fiftie men armed to withstand our landing So our men hauing spent all their pouder vpon them in attempting to land and not being able to preuaile at so great oddes returned frustrate From hence we departed towardes Saint Maries Island minding to water there and then to goe for the coast of Spaine For we had intelligence that it was a place of no great force and that we might water there very well therefore vpon Friday following my Lord sent Captaine Lister and Captaine Amias Preston now Sir Amias Preston who not long before came to vs out of his owne shippe and she loosing vs in the night hee was forced to carry still with vs with our long boate and Pinnesse and some sixtie or seuentie shotte in them with a friendly letter to the Ilanders that they would grant vs leaue to water and we would no further trouble them So we departed from the Victorie for the Iland about nine of the clocke in the forenoone and rowed freshly vntill about 3 a clocke afternoone At which time our men being something weary with rowing and being within a league or two of the shore and 4 or 5 leagues from the Victorie they espied to their refreshing two ships ryding at anker hard vnder the towne whereupon hauing shifted some 6
granted vnto Iohn Cabot and his 3. sonnes Lewis Sebastian and Sancius for the discouery of new and vnknowen lands Anno 1495. pag. 4 The signed bill of K. Henry the 7. on the behalfe of Iohn Cabot pag. 5â— 6 A briefe extract concerning the discouery of Newfoundland pag. 10 The large pension granted by K. Edward the 6. to Sebastian Cabota constituting him Grand pilote of England Anno 1549. pag. 10 A discourse written by sir Humfrey Gilbert knight to proue a passage by the Northwest to Cataya and the East Indies pag. 11 Experiences and reasons of the Sphere to prooue all parts of the worlde habitable and thereby to â—onfute the position of the fiue Zones pag. 48 A letter of M. Martin Frobisher to certaine Englishmen which were trecherously taken by the Saluages of Meta incognita in his first voyage pag. 70 Articles and orders prescribed by M. Martin Frobisher to the Captaines and company of euery ship which accompanied him in his last Northwestern voyage pag. 75 A generall and briefe description of the country and condition of the people which are founde in Meta incognita pag. 93 The letters patents of her Maiesty graunted to M. Adrian Gilbert and others for the search and discouery of a Northwest passage to China pag. 96 A letter of M. I. Dauis to M. Wil. Sanderson of London concerning his second voyage p. 108 A letter of M. Iohn Dauis to M. Wil. Sanderson of London concerning his 3. voyage p. 114 A trauerse-booke of M. Iohn Dauis contayning all the principall notes and obseruations taken in his third and last voyage to the Northwest pag. 115 A report of M. Iohn Dauis concerning his three voyages made for the discouery of the Northwest passage taken out of a treatise of his intituled The worlds hydrographical description pag. 119 A testimony of Ortelius for the credit of the history of M. Nicolas M. Antonio Zeni p. 128. A catalogue of sundry voyages made to Newfoundland to the isles of Ramea and the isle of Assumption otherwise called Natiscotec as also to the coasts of Cape Briton and Arambec THe voyage of two ships whereof the one was called The Dominus vobiscum set out the 20 of May 1527 for the discouery of the North parts pag. 129 The voyage of M. Hore and diuers other gentlemen to Newfoundland and Cape Briton in the yere 1536. pag. 129 The voyage of Sir Humfrey Gilbert to Newfoundland An. 1583. pag. 143,165 The first discouery of the isle of Ramea made by for Monsieur de la court pre Rauillon grandpre with the ship called The Bonauenture to kill and make trane-oile of the beasts called The Morses with great teeth Anno 1591. pag. 189 The voyage of the ship called The Marigolde of M. Hill of Redriffe vnto Cape Briton and beyond to the latitude of 44 degrees and a halfe Anno 1593. pag. 191 The voyage of M. George Drake of Apsham to the isle of Ramea in the yere 1593. pag. 193 The voyage of The Grace of Bristoll vp into the gulfe of S. Laurence to the Northwest of Newfoundland as far as the isle of Assumption or Natiscotec Anno 1594. pag. 194 The voyage of M. Charles Leigh and diuers others to Cape Briton and the isle of Ramea 1597. pag. 195 The patents discourses letters aduertisements and other obseruations incident to the voyages vnto Newfoundland next before rehearsed An act against the exaction of money or any other thing by any officer for licence to traffique into Newfoundland and Iseland made Anno 2. Edwardi sexti pag. 131 A letter written to M. Richard Hakluyt of the Midle Temple contayning a report of the true state and commodities of Newfoundland by M. Antony Parkhurt 1578. pag. 133 The letters patents granted by her Maiestie to sir Humfrey Gilbert knight for inhabiting some part of America 1578. pag. 135 A learned and stately Poeme written in Latine Hexamiters by Stephanus Parmenius Budeius concerning the voyage of sir Humfrey Gilbert to Newfound-landâ— for the planting of an English colonie there containing also a briefe remembrance of certaine of our principal English captâ—ines by sea pag. 138 Orders agreed vpon by the Captaines and Masters to bee obserued by the fleete of sir Humfrey Gilbert pag. 147 A briefe relation of Newfound-land and the commodities thereof pag. 152 Reckonings of the Master and Masters mate of the Admirall of sir Humfrey Gilbert in their course from cape Rase to cape Briton and to the Isle of Sablon pag. 155 The maner how the sayd Admirall was lost pag. 156 A letter of the learned Hungarian Stephanus Parmenius Budeius to master Richard Hakluyt the collectour of these voyages pag. 161. 16â— A relation of Richard Clarke of Weymouth master of the ship called The Delight which went as Admirall of sir Humfrey Gilberts fleete for the discouerie of Norumbega 1583 written in excuse of the casting away the sayd ship and the men imputed to his ouersight pag. 163 A discourse of the necessitie and commoditie of planting English colonies vpon the North paâ—tes of America pag. 165 A letter of the right honourable sir Francis Walsingham to master Richard Hakluyt then of Christ-church in Oxford incouraging him in the studie of Cosmography and furthering of new discoueries 1582. pag. 181 A letter of the right honourable sir Francis Walsingham to master Thomas Aldworth marchant and at that time Mayor of the citie of Bristol concerning their aduenture in the Westerne discouerie 1582. pag. 182 A letter written from master Aldworth marchant and mayor of the citie of Bristol to the right honourable sir Francis Walsingham concerning a voyage intended for the discouerie of the coast of America lying to the Southwest of cape Briton 1583. pag. 182 A briefe and summarie discourse vpon a voyage intended to the hithermost parts of America written by master Christopher Carlile 1583. pag. 182 Articles set downe by the committies appointed on the behalfe of the company of the Moscouian marchants to conferre with master Carlile vpon his intended discouery of the hithermost partes of America pag. 188 A letter sent to the right honourable sir William Cecil Lord Burghley Lord high Treasurer of England c. from master Thomas Iames of Bristol concerning the discouerie of the Isle of Ramea 1591. pag. 19â— A briefe note of the Morse and of the vse thereof pag. 191 Certaine obseruations touching the countries and places where master Charles Leigh touched in his voyage to cape Briton and to the Isle of Ramea anno 1597. pag. 200 A catalogue of certaine voyages made for the discouery of the gulfe of Saint Laurence to the West of Newfound-land and from thence vp the riuer of Canada to Hochelaga Saguenay and other places THe first voyage of Iaques Cartier of Saint Malo to Newfound-land the gulfe of Saint Laurence and the Grand Bay Anno 1534. pag. 201 The second voyage of Iaques Cartier by the Grand bay vp the riuer of Canada to Hochelaga Anno 1535. pag. 212
The third voyage of Iaques Cartier vnto the countries of Canada Hochelaga and Saguenay Anno 1540. pag. 232 The voyage of Iohn Francis de la Roche knight lord of Roberual with three tall ships to the countries of Canada Hochelaga and Saguenay 1542. pag. 240 Certaine notes and obseruations depending vpon the voyages next before mentioned together with an excellent Ruttier for some part of Newfoundland for The grand bay and the Riuer of Canada DIuers words of the language spoken in New France with the interpretation thereof pag. 211. and 231. A description of the riuer and hauen of Saincte Croix pag. 234 A description of the 3. saults or falles of water in the riuer of Canada pag. 235 A letter written to M. Iohn Groute student in Paris by Iaques Noel of Saint Malo the nephew of Iaques Cartier touching the dâ—scouerie of his vncle in the partes of Canada 1587. pag. 236 Part of another letter written by Iaques Noel of Saint Malo to the foresayde M. Iohn Groute student in Paris pag. 236 An excellâ—nt ruttier shewing the course from Belle isle Carpont and the Grand bay vp the riuer of Canada for the space of 230 leagues obserued by Iohn Alphonse of Xanctoigne chiefe Pilote to Monsieur Roberual 1542. pag. 237 A description of the Saluages in Canada pag. 242 A catalogue of the voyages and nauigations of the English nation to Virginia and of the seuerall discoueries thereof chiefly at the charges of the honourable sir Walter Ralegh knight THe first voyage made to the coast of Virginia by M. Philip Amadas and M. Arthur Barlow 1584. pag. 246 The second voyage made to Virginia by sir Richard Grinuile for sir Walter Ralegh Anno 1585 at what time the first colonie of English was there left vnder the gouernment of M. Ralfe Lane now knight pag. 251 The third voyage to Virginia made by a ship sent in the yeere 1586. for the reliefe of the colonie planted in Virginia at the sole charges of sir Walter Ralegh pag. 265 The fourth voyage made to Virginia with 3. ships Anno 1587. wherein was traâ—sported the second colonie pâ—g 280 The fifth voyage to Virginia made by master Iohn White in the yeere 1590. pag. 288 The letters patents discourses obseruations and aduertisements belonging to the foresaid voyages made vnto Virginia THe letters patents granted by the Queenes Maiestie to sir Walter Ralegh for the discouering and planting of new lands and countries Anno 1584. pag. 243 The names of those aswell gentlemen as others that remained one whole yeere in Virginia vnder the gouernment of M. Ralph Lane pag. 254 An extract of M. Ralph Lanes letter to M. Richard Hakluyt esquire and another Gentleman of the middle Temple from Virginia 1585. pag. 255 An account of the particular employments of the Englishmen left in Virginia by S. Richard Grinuile vnder M. Ralph Lane their generall from the 17. of August 1585. vntill the 1â— of Iune 1586. at which time they departed the countrey pag. 255 A briefâ— and true report of the commodities aswell marchantable as others which are to be found and raised in the countrey of Virginia written by M. Thomas Harriot together with Master Ralph Lane his approbation thereof in all points pag. 266 A description of the nature and maners of the people of Virginia pag. 276 The names of all â—he men women and children which safely arriued in Virginia and remayned to inhabite there Anno 1587. pag. 287 A letter of M. Iohn White to M. Richard Hakluyt written in February 1593. pag. 287 A catalogue of certaine voyages to the coast and inland of Florida THe voyage of Iohn de Verrazzano a Florentine to the coast of Florida sailing from thence Northeâ—ly to the latitude of 50. degrees Anno 1524. pag. 295 The voyage of captaine Iohn Ribault to Floridaâ— 1562. pag. 308 The voiage of captaine René Laudonniere to Florida 1564. where he fortified and inhabited two Summers and one whole winter pag. 319 A second voyage of captaine Iohn Ribault to Florida 1565. pag. 349 The voyage of captaine Dominique Gourgues to Florida 1567. where he most valiantly iustly and sharpely reuenged the bloody and inhumane massacre committed by the Spaniards vpon his countreymen in the yeere 1565. pag. 356 Diuers particulars worthy the consideration intermingled among the voyages of Florida AN Epistle Dedicatorie to sir Walâ—er Raleghâ— prefixed by master Richard Hakluyt before the history of Florida which he translated out of French 1587. pag. 301 The Prefâ—ce of master René Laudonniere before the sayd Historie pag 303 A description of the West Indies in general but more chiefly particularly of Florida pag. 304 An oration of captaine Iohn Ribault to his company pag. 312 An oration of Laudonniere to his mutinous souldiers pag. 336 A letter of the lord admirall of France vnto M. Laudonniere pag. 351 The relation of Pedro Morales a Spaniard whom sir Francis Drake brought from S. Augustines in Florida touching the state of those parts pag. 361 The relation of Nicolas Burgoignon alià s Holy whom sir Francis Drake brought also from S. Augustines pag. 361 A catalogue of certeine voyages made from Nueua Galicia and Nueua Biscaya in New Spaine to the 15 prouinces of New Mexico and to Cibola and Quiuira THe voyage of frier Marco de Niça from the towne of S. Michael in the prouince of Culiacan to the kingdome of Ceuola or Cibola situate about 30 degrees of latitude to the North of Nueua Espanna begun the 7 of March 1539. pag. 366 The voyage of Francis Vasquez de Coronado from Nueua Galicia to Cibola Acuco Tiguex Quiuira to the Westerne Ocean begun the 22 of April 1540. pag. 373 380 The voyage of Frier Augustin Râ—is to the 15 prouinces of New Mexico begun in the yeere 1581. pag. 383 389 The voyage of Antonio de Espejo from the valley of S. Bartholomew in Nueua Galicia to the foresayd 15 prouinces of New Mexico begun the 10 of Nouemb. 1582. pag. 383 390 The discourses letters c. depending vpon the former voyages to New Mexico Cibola and Quiuira A Briefe discourse of the famous cosmographer M. Iohn Baptista Ramusius concerning the three voyages of frier Marco de Niça Francis Vasquez de Coronado and that of Fernando Alarchon c. pag. 362 An extract of a letter of C. Francis Vasquez de Coronado written froÌ„ Culiacan the 8 of March 1539 to a secretary of Don Antonio de Mendoça the viceroy of Nueua Espanna pag. 362 A letter of the sayd Francis Vasquez de Coronado gouernour of Nueua Galicia to Don Antonio de Mendoça the viceroy of Nueua Espanna written from Culiacan the 8 of March 1539. pag. 363 A letter written by Don Antonio de Mendoça viceroy of Nueua Espanna to the emperour Charles the fift pag. 364 A testimony of Francis Lopez de Gomara concerning the strange crook-backed oxen the great sheepe and the mighty dogs of Quiuira pag. 308 A letter intercepted of Bartholomew del Cano written
China and the East India by the Northwest Ann. Dom. 1577. BEing furnished with one tall ship of her Maiesties named The Ayde of two hundred tunne and two other small barks the one named The Gabriel the other The Michael about thirty tun a piece being fitly appointed with men munition victuals and all things necessary for the voyage the sayd captaine Frobisher with the rest of his company came aboord his ships riding at Blackwall intending with Gods helpe to take the first winde and tide seruing him the 25 day of May in the yere of our Lord God 1577. The names of such gentlemen as attempted this discouery and the number of souldiers and mariners in ech ship as followeth ABoord the Ayd being Admirall were the number of 100 men of all sorts whereof 30 or moe were Gentlemen and Souldiers the rest sufficient and tall Sailers Aboord the Gabriel being Uiceadmirall were in all 18 persons whereof sixe were Souldiers the rest Mariners Aboord the Michael were 16 persons whereof fiue were Souldiers the rest Mariners Aboord the Ayde was Generalll of the whole company for her Maiesty Martin Frobisher His Lieutenant George Best His Ensigne Richard Philpot. Corporall of the shot Francis Forder The rest of the gentlemen Henry Carew Edmund Stafford Iohn Lee. M. Haruie Mathew Kinersley Abraham Lins. Robert Kinersley Francis Brakenbury William Armshow The Master Christopher Hall The Mate Charles Iackman The Pilot Andrew Dier The Master gunner Richard Cox Aboord the Gabriell was Captaine Edward Fenton One Gentleman William Tamfielâ— The Maister William Smythâ— Aboord the Michaell was Captaine Gilbert Yorke One Gentleman Thomas Chamberlainâ— The Maister Iames Beareâ— ON Whit sunday being the 26 of May Anno 1577 â—arly in the morning we weighed anker at Blackwall and fell that tyde downe to Grauesend where we remained vntill Monday at night On munday morning the 27 of May aboord the Ayde we receiued all the Communion by the Miniâ—ter of Graueâ—end and prepared vs as good Christians towards God and resolute men for all fortunes and towards night we departed to Tilbery Hope Tuesday the eight and twenty of May about nine of the clocke at night we arriued at Harwitch in Essex and there stayed for the taking in of certaine victuals vntill Friday being the thirtieth of May during which time came letters from the Lordes of the Councell straightly commanding our Generall not to exceede his complement and number appointed him which was one hundred and twentie persons whereupon he discharged many proper men which with vnwilling mindes departed He also dismissed all his condemned men which he thought for some purposes very needefull for the voyage and towarde night vpon Friday the one and thirtieth of May we set saile and put to the Seas againe And sayling Northward alongst the East coasts of England and Scotland the seuenth day of Iune we arriued in Saint Magnus sound in Orkney Ilands called in latine Orcades and came to ancker on the South side of the Bay and this place is reckoned from Blackwall where we set saile first leagues Here our companie going on lande the Inhabitants of these Ilandes beganne to flee as from the enemie whereupon the Lieutenant willed euery man to stay togither and went himselfe vnto their houses to declare what we were and the cause of our comming thither which being vnderstood after their poore maner they friendly entreated vs and brought vs for our money such things as they had And here our Goldfiners found a Mine of siluer Orkney is the principall of the Isles of the Orcades and standeth in the latitude of fiftie nine degrees and a halfe The countrey is much subiect to colde answerable for such a climate and yet yeeldeth some fruites and sufficient maintenance for the people contented so poorely to liue There is plentie ynough of Poultrey store of egges fish and foule For their bread they haue Oaten Cakes and their drinke is Ewes milke and in some partes Ale Their houses are but poore without and sluttish ynough within and the people in nature thereunto agreeable For their fire they burne heath and turffe the Countrey in most parts being voide of wood They haue great want of Leather and desire our old shoes apparell and old ropes before money for their victuals and yet are they not ignorant of the value of our coine The chiefe towne is called Kyrway In this Iland hath bene sometime an Abbey or a religious house called Saint Magnus being on the West side of the I le whereof this sound beareth name through which we passed Their Gouernour or chiefe Lord is called the Lord Robert Steward who at our being there as we vnderstood was in durance at Edenburgh by the Regents commandement of Scotland After we had prouided vs here of matter sufficient for our voyage the eight of Iune wee set sayle againe and passing through Saint Magnus sound hauing a merrie winde by night came cleare and lost sight of all the land and keeping our course West Northwest by the space of two dayes the winde shifted vpon vs so that we lay in trauerse on the Seas with contrary windes making good as neere as we could our course to the westward and sometime to the Northward as the winde shifted And hereabout we met with 3 saile of English fishermen froÌ„ Iseland bound homeward by whom we wrote our letters vnto our friends in England We trauersed these Seas by the space of 26 dayes without sight of any land and met with much drift wood whole bodies of trees We sawe many monsterous fishes and strange foules which seemed to liue onely by the Sea being there so farre distant from any land At length God fauoured vs with more prosperous windes and after wee had sayled foure dayes with good winde in the Poop the fourth of Iuly the Michaell being formost a head shot off a peece of Ordinance and stroke all her sayles supposing that they descryed land which by reason of the thicke mistes they could not make persit howbeit as well our account as also the great alteration of the water which became more blacke and smooth did plainely declare we were not farre off the coast Our Generall sent his Master aboord the Michaell who had beene with him the yeere before to beare in with the place to make proofe thereof who descryed not the land perfect but sawe sundry huge Ilands of yce which we deemed to be not past twelue leagues from the shore for about tenne of the clocke at night being the fourth of Iuly the weather being more cleare we made the land perfect and knew it to be Frislande And the heigth being taken here we found our selues to be in the latitude of 60 degrees and a halfe and were fallen with the Southermost part of this land Betweene Orkney and Frisland are reckoned leagues This Frislande sheweth a ragged and high lande hauing the mountaines almost couered ouer with snow
in the Countrey I knâ—we not neither haue I seene any to witnesse it And to say trueth who can when as it is not possible to passe any whither In like sort it is vnknowne whither any mettals lye vnder the hilles the cause is all one although the very colour and hue of the hilles seeme to haue somâ— Mynes in them we mooued the Admirall to set the woods a fire that so wee might haue space and entrance to take view of the Countrey which motion did nothing displease him were it not for feare of great inconuenience that might thereof insue for it was reported and confirmed by very credible persons that when the like happened by chance in another Port the fiâ—h neuer came to the place about it for the space of 7. whole yeeres after by reason of the watâ—rs made bitter by the Turpentine and Rosen of the trees which ranne into the riuers vpon the firing of them The weather is so hote this time of the yeere that except the very fish which is layd out to be dryed by the sunne be euery day turned it cannot possibly bee preserued from burning but how cold it is in the winter the great heapes and mountaines of yee in the middest of the Sea haue taught vs some of our company report that in May they were sâ—metâ—mes kept in with such huge yce for 16. whole dayes together as that the Islands thereof wâ—re threescore fathoms thicke the sides wherof which were toward the Sunne when they were melted the whole masse or heape was so inuerted and turned in maner of balancing that that part which was before downâ—ward rose vpward to the great perill of those that are neere them as by reason wee may gather The ayre vpon land is indifferent cleare but at Sea towards the East there is nothing els but perpetuall mists and in the Sea it selfe about the Banke for so they call the place where they find ground fourty leagues distant from the shore and where they beginne to fish there is no day wiâ—hout raineâ— when We haue serued and supplied our necessitie in this place we purpose by the helpe of God to passe towards the South with so much the more hope euery day by how much the greater the things are that are reported of those Countreys which we go to discouer Thus much touching our estaâ—e Now I desire to know somewhat concerning you but I feare in vaine but specially I desire out of measure to know how my Patrâ—ne master Henry Vmpton doth take my absence my obedience and ductie shall alwayes bee ready toward him as long as I liue but in deede I hope that this iourney of ours shal be profitable to his intentions It remaineth that you thinke me to be still yours and so yours as no mans more The sonne of God blesse all our labors so farre as that you your selfe may be partaker of our blessing Adieu my most friendly most sweete most vertuous Hakluyt In Newfound land at Saint Iohns Port the 6. of August 1583. STEVIN PARMENIVS of Buda yours A relation of Richard Clarke of VVeymouth master of the ship called the Delight going for the discouery of Norembega with Sir Humfrey Gilbert 1583. Written in excuse of that fault of casting away the ship and men imputed to his ouersight DEparting out of Saint Iohns Harborough in the Newfound land the 20. of August vnto Cape Raz from thence we directed our course vnto the I le of Sablon or the Isle of Sand which the Generall Sir Humfrey Gilbert would willingly haue seene But when we came within twentie leagues of the Isle of Sablon we fell to controuersie of our course The Generall came vp in his Frigot and demanded of mee Richard Clarke master of the Admirall what course was best to keepe I said that Westsouthwest was best because the wind was at South and night at hand and vnknowen sands lay off a great way from the land The Generall commanded me to go Westnorthwest I told him againe that the Isle of Sablon was Westnorthwest and but 15. leagues off and that he should be vpon the Island before day if hee went that course The Generall sayd my reckoning was vntrue and charged me in her Maiesties name and as I would shewe my selfe in her Countrey to follow him that night I searing his threatnings because he presented her Maiesties person did follow his commaundement and about seuen of the clocke in the morning the ship stroke on ground where shee was cast away Then the Generall went off to Sea the course that I would haue had them gone before and saw the ship cast away men and all and was not able to saue a man for there was not water vpon the sand for either of them much lesse for the Admirall that drew foureteene foote Now as God would the day before it was very calme and a Souldier of the ship had killed some foule with his piece and some of the company desired me that they might hoyse out the boat to recouer the foule which I gâ—anted thâ—m and when they came aboord they did not hoyse it in agaâ—ne that night And wheÌ„ the ship was cast away the boate was a sterne being in burthen one tunne and an halfe there was lâ—ft in the boate one oare and nothing els Some of the company could swimmâ— and recouered the boate and did hâ—le in out of the water as many men as they coulde among the rest they had a care to watch for the Captaine or the Master They happened on my selfe being the master but could neuer see the Captaine Then they halted into the boate as many men as they could in number 16. whose names hereafter I will rehearse And when the 16. were in the boate some had small remembrance and some had none for they did not make account to liue but to prolong their liues as long as it pleased God and looked euery moment of an houre when the Sea would eate them vp the boate being so little and so many men in her and so foule weather that it was not possible for a shippe to brooke halfe a coarse of sayle Thus while wee remayned two dayes and two nights and that wee saw it pleased God our boate liued in the Sea although we had nothing to helpe vs withall but one oare which we kept vp the boate withall vpon the Sea â—nd so went euen as the Sea would driueâ—s there was in our company one master Hedly that put foorth this question to me the Master I doe see that it doth please God that our beate lyueth in the Sea and it may please God that some of vs may come to the land if our boate were not ouer-laden Let vs make sixteene lots and those foure that haue the foure shortest lots we will cast ouerboord preseruing the Master among vs all I replied vnto him saying no we will liue and die together Master Hedly asked me if my remembrance were good I answered
in the former voyages and attaine if it were possible vnto the knowledge of the Countrey of Saguenay whereof the people brought by Cartier as is declared made mention vnto the King that there were great riches and very good countreys And the King caused a certaine summe of money to be deliuered to furnish out the sayd voyage with fiue shippes which thing was perfourmed by the sayd Monsieur Roberual and Cartier After that they had agreed together to rigge the sayd fiue ships at Saint Malo in Britaine where the two former voyages had beene prepared and set forth And the said Monsieur Roberual sent Cartier thither for the same purpose And after that Cartier had caused the said fiue ships to bee built and furnished and set in good order Monsieur Roberual came downe to S. Malo and found the ships fallen downe to the roade with their yards acrosse full ready to depart and set saile staying for nothing else but the comming of the Generall and the payment of the furniture And because Monsieur Roberual the kings lieutenant had not as yet his artillery powder and munitions and other things necessary come downe which he had prouided for the voyage in the Countreys of Champaigne and Normandie and becanse the said things were very necessary and that hee was loth to repart without them he determined to depart from S. Malo to Roan and to prepare a ship or two at Honfleur whether he thought his things were come And that the said Cartier shoulde depart with the fiue shippes which he had furnished and should goe before Considering also that the said Catier had receiued letters from the king whereby hee did expresly charge him to depart and set sayle immediately vpon the sight and receit thereof on payne of incurring his displeasure and to lay all the fault on him And after the conclusion of these things and the said Monsieur Roberual had taken muster and view of the gentlemen souldiers and mariners which were retained and chosen for the performance of the sayd voyage hee gaue vnto Captaine Cartier full authoritie to depart and goe before and to gouerne all things as if he had bene there in person and himselfe departed to Honfleur to make his farther preparation After these things thus dipatched the winde comming faire the foresayd fiue ships set sayle together well furnished and victualled for two yeere the 23. of May 1540. And we sailed so long with contrary winds and continuall torments which fell out by reason of our late departure that wee were on the sea without sayd fiue ships full three moneths before wee could arriue at the Port and Hauen of Canada without euer hauing in all that time 30. houres of good wind to serue vs to keepe our right course so that our fiue shippes through those stormes lost company one of another all saue two that kept together to wit that wherein the Captaine was and the other wherein went the Uicount of Beaupre vntill at length at the ende of one moneth wee met all together at the Hauen of Carpont in Newfoundland But the length of time which we were in passing betweene Britayne and Newfoundland was the cause that we stood in great neede of water because of the cattell aswell Goates Hogges as other beastes which we caried for breede in the Countrey which wee were constrained to water with Sider and other drinke Now therefore because we were the space of three moneths in sayling on the sea and staying in Newfoundland wayting for Monsieur Roberual and taking in of fresh water and other things necessary wee arriued not before the Hauen of Saincte Croix in Canada where in the former voyage we had remayned eight moneths vntil the 23. day of August In which place the people of the Countrey came to our shippes making shew of ioy for our arriuall and namely he came thither which had the rule and gouernment of the Countrey of Canada named Agona which was appointed king there by Donacona when in the former voyage we carried him into France And hee came to the Captaines ship with 6. or 7. boates and with many women and children And after the sayd Agona had inquired of the Captaine where Donacona and the rest were the Captaine answered him That Donacona was dead in France and that his body rested in the earth and that the rest stayed there as great Lords and were maried and would not returne backe into their Countrey the said Agona made no shewe of anger at all these speeches and I thinke he tooke it so well because he remained Lord and Gouernour of the countrey by the death of the said Donacona After which conference the said Agona tooke a piece of tanned leather of a yellow skin edged about with Esnoguy which is their riches and the thing which they esteeme most precious as wee esteeme gold which was vpon his head in stead of a crowne and he put the same on the head of our Captaine and tooke from his wrists two bracelets of Esnoguy and put them vpon the Captaines armes colling him aboue the necke and shewing vnto him great signes of ioy which was all dissimulation as afterward it wel appeared The captaine tooke his said crowne of leather and put it againe vpon his head and gaue him and his wiues certaine small presents signifying vnto him that he had brought certaine new things which afterward he would bestow vpon him for which the sayd Agona thanked the Captaine And after that he had made him and his company eat and drinke they departed and returned to the shore with their boates After which things the sayd Captaine went with two of his boates vp the riuer beyond Canada and Port of Saincte Croix to view a Hauen and a small riuer which is about 4. leagues higher which he found better and more commodious to ride in and lay his ships then the former And therefore he returned and caused all his ships to be brought before the sayd riuer and at a lowe water he caused his Ordinance to bee planted to place his ships in more saftie which he meant to keepe and stay in the Countrey which were three which hee did the day following and the rest remayned in the roade in the middest of the riuer In which place the victuals and other furniture were discharged which they had brought from the 26. of August vntill the second of September what time they departed to returne for S. Maloâ— in which ships he sent backe Mace lolloberte his brother in lawe and Steuen Noel his Nephew skilfull and excellent pilots with letters vnto the king and to aduertise him what had bene done and found and how Monsieur de Roberual was not yet come and that hee feared that by occasion of contrary winds and tempests he was driuen backe againe into France The description of the aforesaid Riuer and Hauen THe sayd Riuer is small not past 50. pases broad and shippes
departure of our men to Croatoan and assoone as they were departed digged vp euery place where they suspected any thing to be buriedâ— but although it much grieued me to see such spoyle of my goods yet on the other side I greatly ioyed that I had safely found a certaine token of their safe being at Croatoan which is the place where Manteo was borne and the Sauages of the Iland our friends When we had seene in this place so much as we could we returned to our Boates and departed from the shoare towards our Shippes with as much speede as wee could For the weather beganne to ouercast and very likely that a foule and stormie night would ensue Therefore the same Euening with much danger and labour we got our selues aboard by which time the winde and seas were so greatly risen that wee doubted our Cables and Anchors would scarcely holde vntill Morning wherefore the Captaine caused the Boate to be manned with fiue lusty men who could swimme all well and sent them to the little Iland on the right hand of the Harbour to bring aboard sixe of our men who had filled our caske with fresh water the Boate the same night returned aboard with our men but all our Caske ready filled they left behinde vnpossible to bee had aboard without danger of casting away both men and Boates for this night prooued very stormie and foule The next Morning it was agreed by the Captaine and my selfe with the Master and others to wey anchor and goe for the place at Croatoan where our planters were for that then the winde was good for that place and also to leaue that Caske with fresh water on shoare in the Iland vntill our returne So then they brought the cable to the Capston but when the anchor was almost apecke the Cable broke by meanes whereof we lost another Anchor wherewith we droue so fast into the shoare that wee were forced to let fall a third Anchor which came so fast home that the Shippe was almost aground by Kenricks mounts so that wee were forced to let slippe the Cable ende for ende And if it had not chanced that wee had fallen into a chanell of deeper water closer by the shoare then wee accompted of wee could neuer haue gone cleare of the poynt that lyeth to the Southwardes of Kenricks mounts Being thus cleare of some dangers and gotten into deeper waters but not without some losse for wee had but one Cable and Anchor left vs of foure and the weather grew to be fouler and fouler our victuals scarse and our caske and fresh water lost it was therefore determined that we should goe for Saint Iohn or some other Iland to the Southward for fresh water And it was further purposed that if wee could any wayes supply our wants of victuals and other necessaries either at Hispaniola Sant Iohn or Trynidad that then wee should continue in the Indies all the Winter following with hope to make 2. rich voyages of one and at our returne to visit our countrymen at Virginia The captaine and the whole company in the Admirall with my earnest petitions thereunto agreed so that it rested onely to knowe what the Master of the Moone-light our consort would doe herein But when we demanded them if they would accompany vs in that new determination they alledged that their weake and leake Shippe was not able to continue it wherefore the same night we parted leauing the Moone-light to goe directly for England and the Admirall set his course for Trynidad which course we kept two dayes On the 28. the winde changed and it was sette on foule weather euery way but this storme brought the winde West and Northwest and blewe so forcibly that wee were able to beare no sayle but our fore-course halfe mast high wherewith wee ranne vpon the winde perforce the due course for England for that wee were dryuen to change our first determination for Trynidad and stoode for the Ilands of Açores where wee purposed to take in fresh water and also there hoped to meete with some English men of warre about those Ilands at whose hands wee might obtaine some supply of our wants And thus continuing our course for the Açores sometimes with calmes and sometimes with very scarce windes on the fifteenth of September the winde came South Southeast and blew so exceedingly that wee were forced to lye arry all that day At this time by account we iudged our selues to be about twentie leagues to the Wâ—st of Cueruo and Flores but about night the storme ceased and fayre weather ensued On Thursday the seuenteenth wee saw Cueruo and Flores but we could not come to anker that night by reason the winde shifted The next Morning being the eighteenth standing in againe with Cueruo we escryed a sayle ahead vs to whom we gaue chase but when wee came neere him we knew him to be a Spanyard and hoped to make sure purchase of him but we vnderstood at our speaking with him that he was a prize and of the Domingo fleete already taken by the Iohn our consort in the Indies We learned also of thie prize that our Uiceadmirall and Pinnisse had fought with the rest of the Domingo fleete and had foed them with their Adâ—irall to flee vnto Iamaica vnder the Fort for succour and some of them ran themselues aground whereof one of them they brought away and tooke out of some others so much as the tâ—me would permit And further wee vnderstood of them that in their returne from Iamaica about the Organes neere Cape Saint Anthony our Uiceadmirall mette with two Shippes of the mayne land come from Mexico bound for Hauana with whom he fought in which fight our Uiceadmirals Lieutenant was slaine and the Captaines right arme strooken off with fâ—ure other of his men slaine and sixteene hurt But in the ende he entred and tooke one of the Spanish shippes which was so sore shot by vs vnder water that before they could take out her treasure she sunke so that we lost thirteene Pipes of siluer which sunke with her besides much other rich marchandise And in the meane time the other Spanish shippe being pearced with nine shotte vnder water got away whâ—m our Uiceadmirall intended to pursue but some of their men in the toppe made certaine rockes which they saw aboue water neere the shoare to be Gallies of Hauana and Cartagena comming from Hauana to rescue the two Ships Wherefore they gaue ouer their chase and went for England After this intelligence was giuen vs by this our prize he departed from vs and went for England On Saturday the 19. of September we came to an Ancre neere a small village on the North side of Flores where we found ryding 5. English men of warre of whom wee vnderstood that our Uiceadmirall and Prize were gone thence for England One of these fiue was the Moonelight our consort who vpon the first sight of our comming into Flores set sayle and
thus blowing vp the store house and the other houses buylt of Pinâ—trees The rest of the Spaniards being led away prisoners with the others after that the Generall had shewed them the wrong which they had done without occasion to all the French Nation were all hanged on the boughs of the same trees whereon the French hung of which number fiue were hanged by one Spaniard which perceiuing himselfe in the like miserable estate confessed his fault and the iust iudgement which God had brought vpon him But in stead of the writing which Pedro Melendes had hanged ouer them importing these wordes in Spanish I doe not this as vnto French men but as vnto Lutherans Gourgues caused to be imprinted with a searing iron in a table of Firrewood I doe not this as vnto Spaniardes nor as vnto Mariners but as vnto Traitors Robbers and Murtherers Afterward considering he had not men inough to keepe his Forts which he had wonne much lesse to store them fearing also lest the Spaniard which hath Dominions neere adioyning should renew his forces or the Sauages should preuaile against the French men vnlesse his Maiestie would send thither hee resolued to raze them And indeede after he had assembled and in the ende perswaded all the Sauage kings so to doe they caused their subiects to runne thither with such affection that they ouerthrew all the three Forts flatte euen with the ground in one day This done by Gourgues that hee might returne to his Shippes which were left in the Riuer of Seyâ—e called Tacatacourou fifteene leagues distant from thence he sent Cazeâ—roue and the artillery by water afterward with fourescore harquebâ—siers armed with corsiâ—ts and matches light followed with fortie Mariners bearing pikes by reason of the small confidence he was to haue in so many Sauages he marched by land alwayes in battell ray finding the wayes couered with Sauages which came to honour him with presents and prayses as the deliuerer of all the countreis round about adioyning An old woman among the rest sayd vnto him that now she cared not any more to dye since she had seene the Frenchmen once againe in Florida and the Spaniards chased out Briefly being arriued and finding his ships set in order and euery thing ready to set sayle hee counselled the kings to continue in the amitie and ancient league which they had made with the king of France which would defend them against all Nations which they all promised shedding teares because of his departure Olotorara especially for appeasing of whom he promised them to returne within twelue Moones so they count the yeeres and that his king would send them an army and store of kniues for presents and all other things necessary So that after he had taken his leaue of them and assâ—mbled his menâ— he thanked God of all his successe since his seâ—ting foorth and prayed to him for an happy returne The third of May 1568. all things were made ready the Rendez-nous appoynted and the Ankers weighed to set sayle so prosperously that in seuenteene dayes they ranne eleuen hundred leagues continuing which course they arriued at Rochel the sixt of Iune the foure and thirtieth day after their departure from the Riuer of May hauing lost but a small Pinnesse and eight men in it with a few gentlemen and others which were slaine in the assaulting of the Forts After the cheere and good intertainment which he receiued of those of Rochel hee sayled to Burdeaux to informe Monsieur Monluc of the things aboue mentioned albeit hee was aduertised of eighteene Pinnesses and a great Shippe of two hundred Tunnes full of Spanyardes which being assured of the defeat in Florida and that he was at Rochel came as farre as Che-de Bois the same day that he departed thence and followed him as farre as Blay but he was gotten already to Bordeaux to make him yeeld another account of his voyage then that where with hee made many Frenchmen right glad The Catholicke king being afterward informed that Gourgues could not easily be taken offered a great summe of money to him that could bring him his head praying moreouer king Charles to doe iustice on him as of the authour of so bloody an act contrary to their alliance and good league of friendshippe In so much as comming to Paris to present himselfe vnto the King to signifie vnto him the successe of his Uoyage and the meanes which hee had to subdue this whole Countrey vnto his obedience wherein hee offered to imploy his life and all his goods hee found his entertainement and answere so contrary to his expectation that in fine hee was constrayned to hide himselfe a long space in the Court of Road about the yeere 1570 And without the assistance of President Matigâ—y in whose house he remayned certaine dayes and of the Receiuer of Vacquieulx which alwayes was his faithfull friend hee had beene in great danger Which grieued not a litle Dominique de Gourgues considering the seruices which hee had done aswell vnto him as to his predecessours kings of France Heâ— was borne in Mount Marsan in Guyenne and imployed for the seruice of the most Christian Kings in all the Armies made since these twentie fiue or thirtie yeeres at last he had the charge and honour of a Captaine which in a place neere vnto Siene with thirtie Souldyers sustayned the brunt of a part of the Spanish Armie by which beeing taken in the assault and hauing all his men cutte in pieces hee was put into a Galley in token of the good warre and singular fauour which the Spanyard is woont to shewe vs. But as the Galley was going toward Sicillie beeing taken by the Turkes ledde away to Rhodes and thence to Constantinople it was shortly afterwarde recouered by Romeguas commaunder ouer the Armie of Malta By this meane returning home hee made a Uoyage on the coast of Africa whence hee tooke his course to Bresil and to the South Sea At length beeing desirous to repayre the honour of France he set vpon Florida with such successe as you haue heard So that being become by his continuall warlike actions both by Land and Sea no lesse valiant Captaine then skilfull Mariner hee hath made himselfe feared of the Spanyard and acceptable vnto the Queene of England for the desert of his vertues To conclude he dyed in the yeere 1582. to the great griefe of such as knew him The relation of Pedro Morales a Spaniard which sir Francis Drake brought from Saint Augustines in Florida where he had remayned sixe yeeres touching the state of those partes taken from his mouth by Master Richard Hakluyt 1586. THree score leagues vp to the Northwest from Saint Helena are the mountaines of the golde and Chrystall Mines named Apalatci The riuer of Wateri is thirtie leagues from S. Helena Northward Wateri and Caiowa are two kings and two riuers to the North of Saint Helena Kings and Riuers to the South of
eight degrees of Northerly latitude and within two leagues of the maine of Nicaragua where wee calked and trimmed our ship along the Coast of Nueua Espanna vntill we came to the Hauen and Towne of Guatulco which as we were informed had but seuenteene Spaniards dwelling in it and we found it to stand in fifteene degrees and fiftie minutes Assoone as we were entred this Hauen we landed and went presently to the towne and to the Towne house where we found a Iudge sitting in iudgement he being associate with three other officers vpon three Negroes that had conspired the burning of the Towne both which Iudges and prisoners we tooke and brought them a shippeboord and caused the chiefe Iudge to write his letter to the Towne to command all the Townesmen to auoid that we might safely water there Which being done and they departed wee ransaked the Towne and in one house we found a pot of the quantitie of a bushell full of royals of plate which we brought to our ship And here one Thomas Moone one of our companie took a Spanish gentleman as he was flying out of the Towne and searching him he found a chaine of Gold about him and other iewels which we tooke and so let him goe At this place our Generall among other Spaniards set a shore his Portugall Pilote which he tooke at the Island of Cape Verde out of a ship of Saint Marie port of Portugall and hauing set them a shoore we departed thence Our General at this place and time thinking himselfe both in respect of his priuate iniuries receiued from the Spaniards as also of their contempts and indignities offered to our Countrey and Prince in generall sufficiently satisfied and reuenged and supposing that her Maiestie at his returne would rest contented with this seruice purposed to continue no longer vpon the Spanish coastes but began to consider and to consult of the best way for his Countrey He thought it not good to returne by the Streights for two speciall causâ—s the one least the Spaniards should there waite and attend for him in great number and strength whoâ—e handes he being left but one ship could not possibly escape The other cause was the dangerous situation of the mouth of the Streights of the South side with continuall stormes raining and blusâ—ing as he found by experience besides the shoals and sands vpon the coast wherefore he thought it not a good course to aduenture that way he resolued therefore to auoide these hazards to goe â—orward to the Islands of the Malucos and therehence to saile the course of the Portugales by the Cape of Bona Sperança Upon this resolution he began to thinke of his best way for the Malucos and finding himselfe where hee now was becalmed hee sawe that of necessitie hee must bee enforced to take a Spanish course namely to saile somewhat Northerly to get a winde Wee therefore set saile and â—ayled 800 leagues at the least for a good winde and thus much we sayled from the 16 of Aprill after our olde stile till the third of Iune The fift day of Iune being in fortie three degrees towardes the pole Arcticke being speedily come out of the extreame heate wee found the ayre so colde that our men being pinched with the same complayned of the extremitie thereof and the further we went the more the colde increased vpon vs whereupon we thought it best for that time to seeke land and did so finding it not mountainous but low plaine land we drew backe againe without landing til we came within thirtie eight degrees towardes the liâ—e In which height it pleased God to send vs into a farre and good Bay with a good winde to enter the same In this Bay wee ankered the seuententh of Iune and the people of the Countery hauing their houses close by the waters side shewed themselues vnto vs and sent a present to our Generall When they came vnto vs they greatly wondred at the things which we brought but our Geâ—erall according â—o his naturall and accustomed humanitie curteously intreated them and liberally bestowed on them necessarie things to couer their nakednesse whereupon they supposed vs to be gods and would not be perswaded to the contrary the presentes which they sent vnto our Generâ—ll were feathers and cals of net worke Their houses are digged â—ound about with earth and haue from the vttermost brimmes of the circle clifts of wood set vpon them ioyning close together at the toppe like a spire steeple which by reason of that closenesse are very warme Their bed is the ground with rushes strawed on it and lying about the house they haue the fire in the middest The men goe naked the women take bulrushes and kembe them after the maner of hempe and thereof make their loose garments which being knit about their middles hang downe about their hippes hauing also about their shoulders a skinne of Deere with the haire vpoâ— it These women are very obedient and seruiceable to their husbands After they weâ—e departed from vs they came and visited vs the second time and brought with them feathers and bags of Tabacco for presents And when they came to the toppe of â—he hil at the bottome whereof wee had pitched our tents they stayed themselues where one appointed for speaker weaired himselfe with making a long oration which done they left their bowes vpon the hill and came downe with their presents In the meane time the women remaining on the hill tormented themselues lamentably tearing their flesh from their checkes whereby we perceiued that they were about a sacrifice In the meane time our Generallâ— with his companie went to prayer and to reading of the Scriptures at which exercise they were attentiue and seemed greatly to be affected with it but when they were come vnto vs they restored againe vnto vs those things which before we had bestowed vpon them The newes of our being there being spread through the countrey the people that inhabited round about came downe and amongst them the king himself a man of a goodly stature and comely personage with many other tall and waâ—like men before whose comming were sent two Ambassadours to our Generall to signifie that their king was comming in doing of which message their speech was continued about halfe an howre This ended they by signes requested our Generall to send something by their hand to their king as a token that his comming might bee in peace wherein our Generall hauing satisfied them they returned with glad tidings to their king who marched to vs with a princely Maiestie the people crying continually after their maner and as they drewe neere vnto vs so did they striue to behaue themselues in their actions with comelinesse In the fore front was a man of a goodly personage who bare the scepter or mace before the king whereupon hanged two crownes a lesse and a bigger with three chaines of a merueilous length the crownes were made of knit work
Baixos dos Pescadores and the beginning of the Ilands Lequeos on the East side which Ilands are called As Ilhas fermosas that is to say The faire Ilands This I vnderstoode by a Chinar called Santy of Chinchon and hee sayde that they lie vnder one and twentie degrees and 3 4. there it is thirtie fathom deepe and although wee sawe them not noâ—withstanding by the height and depth of the water we knew we were past them Being past As Ilhas fermosas or the faire Ilands wee helde our course East and East and by North for two hundred and sixtie leagues vntill we were past the length of the Ilands Lequeos sayling about fiftie leagues from them the said Chinar tolde me that those Ilands called Lequeos are very many and that they haue many and very good hauens and that the people and inhabitants thereof haue their faces and bodies painted like the Bysayas of the Ilands of Luçon or Philippinas and are apparelled like the Bysayas and that there also are mines of gold Hee sayd likewise that they did often come with small shippes and barkes laden with Bucks and Harts-hides and with golde in graines or very small pieces to traffique with them of the coast of Châ—na which hee assured mee to bee most true saying that hee had bene nine times in the â—mall â—lands bringing of the same wares with him to China which I beleeued to bee true for that afterwarde I enquired thereof in Macao and vpon the coast of China and found that hee sayde true The furthest or vttermost of these Ilands stretching Northwarde and Eastwarde lie vnder nine and twentie degrees Being past these Ilands then you come to the Ilands of Iapon whereof the first lying West and South is the Iland of Firando where the Portugals vse to traffique they are in length altogether an hundred and thirtie leagues and the furthest Eastward lieth vnder two and thirtie degrees we ranne still East and East and by North vntill we were past the sayd hundred and thirtie leagues All this information I had of the aforesayd Chinar as also that there I should see some mines of brimstone or fierie hilles being seuentie leagues beyond them and thirtie leagues further I should finde foure Ilands lying together which I likewise found as hee had tolde mee And that being in Iapon he sayd hee had there seene certaine men of a very small stature with great rolles of linnen cloth about their heads that brought golde in small pieces and some white Cangas of cotton which are pieces of cotton-linnen so called by the Chinars as also salte-fish like the Spanish Aâ—un or Tunney which hee sayde came out of other Ilandes Eastward from Iapon and by the tokens and markes which hee shewed mee I gessed whereabout those Ilands should bee and found them not farre from whence he sayd they lay Hee sayd likewise that all the Ilands of Iapon haue good hauens and chanels being a Countrey full of Rice Corne Fish and flesh and that they are an indifferent and reasonable people to traffique with and that there they haue much siluer Running thus East and East and by North about three hundred leagues from Iapon wee found a very hollowe water with the streame running out of the North and Northwest with a full and very broad Sea without any hinderance or trouble in the way that wee past and what winde soeuer blewe the Sea continued all in one sort with the same hollow water and streame vntill wee had passed seuen hundred leagues About two hundred leagues from the coast and land of newe Spaine wee beganne to lose the sayd hollow Sea and streame whereby I most assuredly thinke and beleeue that there you shall finde a channell or straight passage betweene the firme lande of newe Spaine and the Countreys of Asia and Tartaria Likewise all this way from the aforesayde seuen hundred leagues we found a great number of Whale-fishes and other fishes called by the Spaniards Aâ—uns or Tunnies whereof many are found on the coast of Gibraltar in Spaine as also Albacoras and Bonitos which are all fishes which commonly keepe in chanels straights and running waters there to disperse their seede when they breede which maketh mee more assuredly beleeue that thereabouts is a chanell or straight to passe through Being by the same course vpon the coast of newe Spaine vnder seuen and thirtie degrees and ½ wee passed by a very high and faire lande with many trees wholly without snowe and foure leagues from the lande you finde thereabouts many drifts of rootes leaues of trees reeds and other leaues like figge leaues the like whereof wee found in great abundance in the countrey of Iapon which they eate and some of those that wee found I caused to bee sodden with flesh and being sodden they eate like Coleworts there likewise wee found great store of Seales whereby it is to bee presumed and certainely to bee beleeued that there are many riuers bayes and hauens along by those coastes to the hauen of Acaculpo From thence wee ranne Southeast Southeast and by South and Southeast and by East as wee found the winde to the point called El Cabo de Sant Lucas which is the beginning of the lande of California on the Northwest side lying vnder two and twentie degrees being fiue hundred leagues distant from Cape Mendoçino In this way of the aforesayde fiue hundred leagues along by the coast are many Ilands and although they bee but small yet without doubt there are in them some good hauens as also in the firme land where you haue these hauens following now lately found out as that of the I le of Sant Augustine lying vnder thirtie degrees and ¼ and the Iland called Isla de Cedros scarce vnder eight twenty deg and ¼ and the Iland lying beneath Saint Martyn vnder three and twentie degrees and ½ All this coast and countrey as I thinke is inhabited and sheweth to be a very good countrey for there by night wee sawe fire and by day smoke which is a most sure token that they are inhabited From the poynt or hooke of Saint Lucas to the Southeast side of California wee helde our course Eastsoutheast for the space of 80. leagues to the point called El cabo de las corrientes that is the Cape of the streames lying vnder 19. degrees and â…” And running this course Northward about a league from vs wee sawe three Ilands called Las tres Marias that is to say The three Maries running the same course About foure leagues from the other Ilands there are other Ilands reaching about two or three leagues All this way from the mouth or gulfe of California aforesayd for the space of the sayd fourescore leagues there are great streames that run Westward From the point or Cape de las Corrientes wee ranne Southeast and sometimes Southeast and by East for the space of an hundred and thirtie leagues to the hauen of Acapulco In this
way of an hundred and thirtie leagues being twentie leagues on the way we had the hauen of Natiuidad that is of the birth of the Uirgin Mary and other eight leagues further the hauen of Saint Iago or Saint Iames and sixe leagues further the sea Stâ—and called La Playa de Colima that is the Strand of Colima All this coast from California to the hauen of Acapulco is inhabited by people that haue peace and traffique with the Spaniards and are of condition and qualities like the people of the other places of new Spaine The conclusion of the Author of this last voyage ALl this description and nauigation haue I my selfe seene prooued and well noted in my voyage made ended in the yeere of our Lord 1584. from great China out of the hauen and riuer of Canton as I will more at large set it downe vnto your honour with the longitudes and latitudes thereof as God shall permit mee time and leysure whom I beseech to send you long and happie dayes And the same was truely translated out of Spanish into lowe Dutch verbatim out of the Originall copie wich was sent vnto the Uiceroy of the Portugall Indies by Iohn Huyghen Van Linschoten DIVERS VOYAGES MADE BY ENGLISHmen to the famous Citie of Mexico and to all or most part of the other principall prouinces cities townes and places throughout the great and large kingdom of New Spaine euen as farre as Nicaragua and Panama thence to Peru together with a description of the Spaniards forme of gouernment there and sundry pleasant relations of the maners and customes of the natural inhabitants and of the manifold rich commodities strange raricies found in those partes of the continent other matters most worthy the obseruation The voyage of Robert Tomson Marchant into Noua Hispania in the yeere 1555. with diuers obseruations concerning the state of the Countrey And certaine accidents touching himselfe RObert Tomson borne in the towne of Andouer in Hampshire began his trauaile out of Englaâ—d in An. 1553. in the moneth of March who depaâ—ting out of the citie of Bristoll in a good ship called The barkeyong in companie of other Marchants of the sayde citie within 8. dayes after arriued at Lisbone in Portugall where the sayd Robert Tomson remainedâ— 5. dayes at the end of which he shipped himselfe for Spaine in the sayd shippâ— and within 4. dayes arriued in the bay of Cadiz in Andalusiaâ— which is vnder the kingdom of Spaine from thence went vp to the citie of Siuil by land which is 20. leagues and there hee repaired to one Iohn Fieldâ— house an English Marchant who had dwelt in the said city of Siuil 18. or 20. yeres maried with wife and children In whose house the said Tomson remained by the space of one whole yeere or thereabout for two causes The one to learne the Castillian tongue the other to see the orders of the countrey and the customes of the people At the end of which time hauing seene the fleetes of shippes come out of the Indies to that citie with such great quantitie of gold siluer pearles precious stones suger hides ginger and diuers other rich commodities he did determine with himselfe to seeke meanes and opportunitie to passe ouer to see that rich countrey from whence such great quantitie of rich commodities came And it fell out that within short time after the sayd Iohn Field where the sayd Tomson was lodged did determine to passe ouer into the West Indies himselfe with his wife children and familie and at the request of the sayde Tomson he purchased a licence of the King of passe into the Indies for himselfe his wife and children and among them also for the sayde Tomson to passe with them so that presently they made preparation of victuall and other necessarie prouision for the voyage But the shippes which were prepared to perfourme the voyage being all ready to depart vpon certaine considerations by the kings commandement were stayed and arrested till further should bee knowen of the Kings pleasure Whereupon the said Iohn Field with Robert Tomson departed out of Siuil and came down to S. Lucar 15. leagues off and seeing the stay made vpon the ships of the said fleet being not assured when they would depart determined to ship themselues for the Iles of the Canaties which are 250. leagues from S. Lucar and there to stay till the said fleet should come thither for that is continually their port to make stay at 6. or 8. daies to take in fresh water bread flesh other necessaries So that in the moneth of February in An. 1555 the sayde Robert Tomson with the said Iohn Field and his companie shipped themselues out of the towne of S. Lucar in caruel of the citie of Cadiz and within 6. dayes they arriued at the port of the Grand Canaria where at our comming the ships that rode in the said port began to cry out of all measure with loud voyces in so much that the castle which stood fast by began to shoot at vs and shot 6. or 7. shot at vs and strooke downe our maine maste before we could hoise out our boat to goe on land to know what the cause of the shooting was seeing that we were Spanish ships and were comming into his countrey So that being on lande and complaining of the wrong and damage done vnto vs they answered that they had thought we had bene French rouers that had come into the said port to do some harme to the ships that were there For that 8. dayes past there went out of the said port a caruell much like vnto ours laden wit sugers and other marchandise for Spaine and on the other side of the point of the sayd Iland met with a Frenchman of warre who tooke the said caruell vnladed out of her into the said French ship both men goods And being demanded of the said Spaniards what other ships remained in the port whence they came they answered that there remained diuers other ships one laden with sugers as they were ready to depart for Spaine vpon the which newes the Frenchmen put 30. tall men of their ship well appointed into the said caruel which they had taken and sent her backe againe to the said port from whence she had departed the day before And somewhat late towards the euening came into the port not shewing past 3. or 4. men and so came to an anker hard by the other ships that were in the said port and being seene by the castle and by the said ships they made no reconing of her because they knew her thinking that she had found contrary windes at the sea or had forgot something behinde them they had returned backe againe for the same and so made no accompt of her but let her alone riding quietly among the other ships in the said port So that about midnight the said caruel with the Frenchmen in her went aboord the
or three and fiftie peeces In S. Domingo about fourescore whereof was very much great ordinance as whole Cannon Demi-canon Culuerins and such like In Cartagena some sixtie and three peeces and good store likewise of the greater sort In the Fort of S. Augustin were foureteene peeces The rest was Iron ordinance of which the most part was gotten at S. Domingo the rest at Cartagena A relation of the ports harbors forts and cities in the VVest Indies which haue bene surueied edified finished made and mended with those which haue bene builded in a certaine suruey by the king of Spaine his direction and commandement Written by Baptista Antonio surueyour in those parts for the said King Anno 1587. Santa Marta FIrst Santa Marta the principall Citie of the Bishopricke or Dioces of the coast of Tierra firma or the firme land leith in 10. degrees and ½ the city being situated vpon a sandy bay adioyning vnto the sea side conteineth in it about 30. housholds all the houses being made of canes and couered ouer with Palmito trees and some of them be couered with tyle They haue traffike with none but with the Indians of the said country which doe bring vnto the Citie for to sell â—arthen Pots and Pipkins and Couerlits of Cotton wooll and great earthen Iarres Also they doe traffique to Cartagena It is a countrey which hath but small store of cattel because it is all mountainous and hath small store of people There is a very good harbour before the said towne inuironed with mighty hils great rocks which reach euen vnto the sea side the which hie land doth greatly succouâ— the harbour as also two Ilands which lie about ¾ of a league on the North side so that although they be subiect to Easterly winds and that with great stormes yet they doe no great harme to goe on land Within this Harbour there is a place which is called La Caldera where in times past they were woont to trimme and carene their Shippes As touching the Harbour there is no cause to fortifie it nor to make any account of it by reason there is no trade nor traffique to this place from any other places according as I haue certified your Maiestie thereof And also because here are but few dwelâ—ers oâ— inhabitants and loosing euery day so many as it doeth by reason that it is euery dâ—y robbed and spoyled â—y the enemie But if your Maiestie would command that the Fleete of Noua Hispania might direct their course to this Harbour being in their way and here to water and refresh themselues all the Pilots doe say that the Fleete may proceede on their Uoyage from this place still going before the winde and so goe to the Cape of Saint Anthony which lieth on the Iland of Cuba and from thence goe their direct course to Noua Hispania and by this meanes the Fleete should haue no occasion to passe so many dangers as they doe by reason of the Huricanos or stormy windes which many times do come vpon them when they are vpon the coast of Hispaniola and this is the cause that there are so many ships cast away as your Maiestie doeth well know And as concerning this course according as I haue certified your Maiestie they shall come into no danger at all nor shall make any further way about so by this meanes both the Fleetes may come from Spaine in company and then come to S. Marta and the Fleete of Noua Hispaniâ— may come into this Harbour and the Fleete which doeth goe vnto the firme land may goe directly to Cartagena as they doe Then your Maiestie may send to fortifie the said Harbour and the fortification must be thus That on the morro or mount which is in the entring in of the said harbour there be built a litle Fort and so to plant some small quantitie of ordinance And hard by on the South side there to build a litle Towre and another Sconce where wee may plant some more ordinance So by this meanes not onely the Shippes may ride heere in securitie but also it will bee a defence for those which dwell heere in the Towne and the better to effect this purpose there is hard by the Towne great store of Lyme Stone Sande and Tymber if ocâ—casion should serue Cartagena CArtagena is a Citie and the principall place of the Bisâ—opricke it lyeth fourtie leagues from Santa Marta it standeth in scant 11. degrees The sayd Citie is situated vpon a sandy banke or bay like vnto an Iland it hath about 450. dwellers therein There are very faire buildings therein as concerning their houses they are made of stone and there are three Monasteries of which two of them are of Friers which are within the city the one called Santo Domingo and the other called Santo Augustin and the other which is called Saint Francis which standeth without the citie about 30. paces off And for to goe vnto the said Frierie you must goe vpon a Causey made of stone and water on both sides This citie hath great trade out of Spaine and out of The new kingdome of Granada and out of the Ilands there adioyning from Peruâ— and from all the coast of this firme land and of the fishing of the pearles of Rio de la Hacha and of Margarita it is a very sound countrey This Citie hath a very good Harbour and sufficient to receiue great store of Ships this said Harbour hath two entrances in the one of them lyeth halfe a league from the Citie where all the Ships doe enter into the sayd Harbour the mouth or entring in of the sayde Harbour is 1400. yardes or paces in bredth and very deepe water The other entring in which is called La boca chica or litle mouth lieth a league beyond this place to the westwards It is 900. yards in bredth and in the entring in thereof there lieth a channel in the midst of it which is 200. yards broad and 20. or 15 fadome water some plâ—ces more some lesse And to enter into the Harbour you must go through this channel and the land doth double in and out And at the entring in of the sayde Harbour after you haue pasâ— this Channell you must beare vp to the shoare ward neere vnto the Iland of Caâ—es and looke how much is ouerplus more then the two hundred yardes of the Channell all the rest are certaine ledges of Rockes couered with two or three foote water vpon the tâ—ppe of them some places more and some lesse So the ships which must enter in at the mouth must bring very good Pilots with them which must be very skilfull yet all this will not sâ—rue but they must carry their Boate before and sound with their Lead to know where the â—est place of the Channell lyeth for them to goe in so it will be small hinderance to any shippe that shall enter neither yet danger at all of sinking There are three places about the sayde
choise of any indifferent kingdome of equall distance from either realme and I will there be readie to maintaine as much as I haue written But if by my imployments into France I be so stayed by her Maiesties commandements that I cannot out of that realme meete him in any other I cannot see why he should take any exception to that considering the equalitie of the place and that the Armies of both our Princes be there resident THOMAS BASKERVILE A true relation of the voyage vndertaken by Sir Anthony Sherley Knight in Anno 1596. intended for the I le of San Tomé but performed to S. Iago Dominica Margarita along the coast of Tierra firma to the I le of Iamaica the bay of the Honduras 30 leagues vp Rio Dolce and homewarde by Newfoundland With the memorable exploytes atchieued in all this voyage WE departed from Hampton the 23 of Aprill with nine ships and a gallie The Beuice Admirall being 300 tunnes the Galeon Uiceadmirall being 240 tunnes The George Rereadmirall beâ—ng 160 tunnes The Archangel being 250 tunnes The Swanne 200 tunnes the George Noble being 140 tunnes the Wolfe 70 tunnes the Mermayde 120 tunnes the Little Iohn 40 tunnes the Galley and a Pinnesse All which ships we sufficiently victualled and furnished for ten monethes with all necessaries fit for the voyage They were also manned with souldiers and saylers exceeding well appointed with all furniture necessarie for the intended purpose of our Generall to the full number of 900. ratably orderly distributed into euery ship We arriued at Plimmouth the 29 of Aprill where wee found the Right honourable Earle of Essex readie for the attempt of his Cadiz Action with whom our Generall left three ships and 500 souldiers well victualed and furnished So the 21 of May we departed from Plimmouth with the Beuice the Gallion the George the George Noble the Wolfe and the Galley and Pinnesse determining our voyage for the I le of S. Tomé But if our whole force had remayned with vs our Generals purpose was to haue first sackt the Madera I le and so to haue proceeded for S. Tomé The 27 of May we arriued vpon the coast of Spaine coasting all the shore hoping to meete with some of the kings ships From thence we past in sight of the coast of Barbary and came to Masagant within shot of the Fort which our Generall reported to be an excellent fortification where the Spaniard is in strong garrison And bending our course for the Canarie Iles there purposing to water our galley lost her rudder so our Generall directed the George Noble to goe for the I le Mogador there to repaire the Gallies wants Betweene which place and the Canarie Iles we tooke a fly-bote of two hundred tunnes bound for Brasill hauing nothing aboord her but some small portion of victuals for their reliefe The Captaine of this Flybote tooke vpon him to be a perfect Pilot of S. Tomé and willingly consented to stay with vs being a Fleming Hauing watered at the Canaries by the counsell of this Fleming we shaped our course for the Iles of Cape Verde he assuring vs that we should there meet the fleete of Saint Tomé for the yeere was so farre past that we knewe they were all departed from S. Tomé The first of Iuly we fell with the Isle Maio where wee saw small hope of any fleete to bee expected therefore departed for Cape Verde the appointed place for the George noble to meete vs where we arriued the fift of Iuly and there found him And so instantly we proceeded for our voyage because the yeere was farre spent At this place most vnfortunately our General fell exceeding sicke and we wanting water were enforced to goe with a place named Pescadores in 10 degrees of North latitude where we had many skirmishes with the barbarous Negros Our Generall now hopelesse of life and we all dismayed and comfortlesse through that his exceeding extremity hauing his memory very perfit he called all his Captaines Masters and officers vnto him vnto whom he made a very pithie and briefe speech tending to this purpose That as we were Christians and all baptised and bred vp vnder one and the true faith so wee should liue together like Christians in the feare and seruice of God And as we were the subiects of our most excellent souereigne and had vowed obedience vnto her so we should tend all our courses to the aduancement of her dignity and the good of our countrey and not to enter into any base or vnfit actions And because we came for his loue into this action that for his sake we would so loue together as if himselfe were still liuing with vs and that we would follow as our chiefe commander him vnto whom vnder his hand he would giue commission to succeede himselfe all which with solemne protestation we granted to obey Then for that the yere was past and finding the cost of Guynea most tempestuous hee saw in reason that the bay of AEthiopia would be our vtter ouerthrow and infect vs all to death whereupon he aduised vs to be respectiue of our selues and to diuert our purpose from S. Tomé either for Brasil or the West India yeelding many reasons that it was our best course but we all with one voice desired to proceede for S. Tomé And so departing from this contagious filthy place we directed our course for S. Tomé but could by no means double the sholds of Madrabomba but very dangerously ran into shold water still hoping of the best In fine we were enforced to beare vp take some other course for the time wasted our men fell sicke and the coast was contagious alwayes raging tempestuous The water falling from the heauens did stinke and did in 6 houres turne into maggots where it fell either among our clothes or in wads of Ocombe So by a general consent it was held to be our best course to goe for the West India so much the rather because we had good pilots for that place who vndertooke more then was after performed So we bent our course for the Isles of Cape Verde arriuing at the Isle of S. Iago the 30 of August we presently landed at Praia where we found a smal barke in the rode laden with wine and meale After we were departed from this vile coast of Guyny our General to our great comforts began to recouer strength so that being now at Praia he was able to land with vs. In our landing the people made a shew of great resistance but we entred the towne without hindrance being a very pretie towne hauing a small fort in it with 6 or 8 cast pieces Being here on shore and finding nothing left in the towne diuers of our company were very importunate with our Generall that he would go to the citie of S. Iago being 6 miles off through their importunitie he yeelded consent and so we marched towards the citie with 280
shalt goe Westnorthwest and so thou shalt see the Isle de Pinos The markes to know the Cape de Santo Antonio THe headland called Capo de Santo Antonio is a lowe land and full of trees and vpon the Cape it selfe it hath two or three thicke woods and the coast lyeth Northwest and Southeast And thou must also take good heed that thou haue sight on the same coast of a white sandie Bay and it is on the same coast that lyeth Northwest and Southeast Aud these be the markes from Punta de las Arenas or The poynt of the sands to the Cape of Saint Anthonie and from the Cape de Corrientes to Punta de las Arenas thou shalt haue a great Bay being so long that if thou be not very neere the shore thou canst not see land it is so low And if thâ—u see not the land well it will shew to be a tuft of trees And the Cape of S. Anthony standeth in 22. degrees A ruttier that a man must keepe from Dominica to Martinino and so to Tierra firma I Aduise thee that going from Martinino or Dominica if thou wouldest goe for Margarita that thou stirre South and by West because of the great currents that goe here and set Northwest And by this course thou shalt find the Testigos which be 4 or 5 Islands and if thou wilt not goe so much to windward then thou shalt see Frailes which bee three small Islands And if thou wilt goe into the harbour of Manpater it is presently in doubling of the point on the East side to the Southward And being minded to go for puerto de Iuan Griego which lieth on the Northside then go neere the land aud along the coast of the West and presently thou shalt haue sight of puerto de Iuan Griego it standeth in 11. degrees I aduise thee that going from Matalino which standeth in 13. degrees if thou wouldest goe to Cartagena thou shalt goe West and by South and by this way thou shalt haue sight of the Isles of Curaçao and Aruba which stand in 12. degrees from these Islands thou shalt go West and when thou art North and South with Monjes thou shalt see them to be three little white Islands and they are white because of the multitude of birds that are there they stand in a triangle From thence thou shalt goe West if it be by day and so shalt haue sight of Coquebacoa that standeth in 12. degrees And being by night then goe Northwest and by day thou shalt cast to goe for the land againe Westsouthwest Coquebacoa hath a certaine poynt not very high and within this poynt thou shalt see in the inland certain hilles which bee called las Sierras de Auite Going from this poynt of Coquebacoa thou shalt run West and shalt run along the coast and shalt go to haue the sight of Baya honda and Portete which is a low land euen with the sea The Cape de la Vela lieth with a redde shewe not very high and without this Cape about a league there is a little coppled rocke A man may be bold to go betwixt this rocke and the maine And going from this Cape to haue sight of Cape del Aguja thou must stirre Southwest and thou shalt haue sight of the Ancones which lye at the ende of the hilles called Sierras Neuadas And then presently thou shalt see the Cape del Aguja the marks whereof are these It is a low Cape and vpon it is a copple not very high and there beginneth the high land of the Sierras Neuadas or snowy mountaines Take this for a warning that if thou goe for Cape de la Vela by night by the course abouesayd and commest into a whitish water then sound and thou shalt find 40. fathoms and thy sound will be certaine smal sandy white daze and some smal weeds And then thou mayest make account that thou art North and South with the riuer called Rio de Palominos which commeth out of the midst of the Sierras Neuadas And being benighted thou shalt go Westnorthwest or West and by North vntil day and being day then thou mayest hale in with sight of the land Southwest because thou mayest be sure to come right in with it If thou goe from Cape del Aguja for Cartagena if it bee by day thou shalt goe West and by South and shalt goe to haue sight of Morro Hermoso that is The faire mountaine which lyeth to the Westward of Rio grande And being alone and with a good ship of saile and drawing towards night then thou must come to anker behind Morro hermoso and after the first watch thou must see saile and go out West and by North because thou must be sure to keepe a seaboord from the Island de Arenas which lyeth 2 leagues to seaward right against Samba And if thou goe from Cape del Aguja by night thou shalt goe West and by North and so thou shalt goe without the force of the water of Rio Grande And being by day thou shall goe along the coast and shalt see Morro hermoso which as I haue sayd lyeth to the West of Rio Grande and hath for markes a face of a blacke land not very hie and it is round And if thou depart by day from Morro hermoso thou must goe West and must take heede as I sayde before of the Isle de Arenas which lyeth North and South off Samba Samba hath for a marke as it were a gallie towed And going this way by day thou shalt see El buio del Gato which is an high land with certaine white cliffes to the seaward and also more to the West thou shalt see the poynt called Punta de la Canoa which is a low land euen with the water and there endeth the coast which lyeth East and West And the Bay that goeth to Cartagena beginneth here and lyeth Northeast and Southwest And take this for a warning that if thou be benighted against Samba thou shalt take in thy sailes lye off to the offward vntil midnight without any saile abroad vntil midnight and from midnight forward thou shalt lye so into the land without sayle and if in the breake of day thou see no land then goe Southwest and if this way thou haue sight of certaine white cliffes make account it is Buio del Gato Take this for a warning if thy ship bee great come not nigh the land in the Bay I meane thou mayest not with a great ship come nigh the land from the poynt de la Canoa vntill thou come to Cartagena because in many places there are not aboue 3 or 4 fathoms at the most In all this Bay there is no hie land but the Gallie which is right ouer the harbour of Cartegena And if it chance that any man come for this place that neuer was here before then let him looke for a little hill
the South vntill thou see the Cape And the Cape standeth in 37. degrees the markes be these It is a Cape not very hie and is blacke sloping to the sea And from thence thou shalt double the Asagresal Southeast and so running thou shalt then goe East vnto the cape of S. Mary and from this Cape goe East Northeast and so thou shalt runne to haue sight of Arenas Gordas and then thou shalt see presently a little hill towardes the East which is called Cabeça de Pedro Garcia And if thou be benighted and comming into 8. or 9. fathoms then I wish thee to come to anchor vntill it be day and then call for a Pilote that may by some meanes carie thee into harbour I aduise thee if in the Winter time thou bee shot out of the narrowest of the Chanel of Bahama and wouldest goe for Spaine that thou must goe East Northeast vntill thou be in 30. degrees rather lesse then more and then thou mayest goe East and by South because of the variation of the Compasse And stirring hence East Southeast thou shalt goe on the Southside of Bermuda and must goe with great care because many haue bene lost heere about this Island because of their negligence And when thou art sure thou art past this Island then goe East Northeast vntill thou bee in the height of seuen and thirtie degrees which is in the heigth of the Island of Saint Marie And going thus and not seeing Land but seeing the Sea to breake make accompt it is the rocks called las Hormigas And if thou thinke good to goe to Faial thou shalt goe till thou be in 38. degrees ½ scant and then thou shalt goe East and so shalt haue sight of Faial The markes of it be these Comming out from Faial and leauing all the Islandes then goe East and by South vntill thou bring thy selfe in 37. degrees which is the height of Cape Saint Vincent and then goe East and thou shalt see the Cape hauing the markes aforesayd And from Cape S. Vincent thou must goe East Southeast till thou be Northeast and Southwest with the barre of S. Lucar and then goe Northeast for the Barre Take this for a warning that if going in 37. degrees thou haue not sight of Cape S. Vincent and hast sight of certaine hie hils make accompt they are Sierras de Monchico I aduise thee that if thou stand in feare of men of warre about the Cape of S. Vincent then goe in 36. degrees 1 3. And finding thy selfe within the Cape if thou see many signes of greene weedes then cast about to the North Northeast and by this way finding land and the same shewing white be sure it is the castle of Aimonte A ruttier for the old Chanel from the East point of Cuba by the North side thereof to Hauana GOing from the Cape of S. Nicolas thou shalt goe North Northwest but thou must keepe to winâ—ward off the paynt that thou mayest weather it it is called the poynt of Mayaca and it is a very low land and smooth and aboue vp within the land about a league it hath a long Hill which is not very high but fâ—at And from that poynt to Baracoa is 7. leagues And being disposed to goâ— into Baracoa keepe the weatherâ— shore all along vntill thou open thâ— Harbour And to know if thou bee open of the Harbour lookâ— vpon the South side and thou shalt see an Hill by it selâ—e which maketh as it were a crowne vpon it And if thou come along it maketh as it were a Fort with Ports about it And this is the marke if thou come out of the Sea And this Hill is North and South of the Harbour ouer the Harbour of Baracoa And if thou wilt goe in thou must take heede of a Shâ—â—ld which lyeth on the East side and thou must keepe the West side and goe not much from the Sheald because the foote of the Sheald that shooteth Westward hath 5. fathome water And when thou art within the Shealds 〈◊〉 â—uâ—t â—oâ— a litle within them and then let fall an anchor and looke that thou come not much on the Eaâ—â— side for it is shoaldie And comming out from Baracoa being so passe through the old chanel you shal set your course Northwest vntil you câ—me with the Cayo de Moa or the shoald of Moa vntill you thinke you are Northeast and Southwest with it or till you thinke you are gone 12. leagues and you shal know that you are vpon Cayo de Moa For before you come at it by 2. leagues or more you shall vnderstand that it hath a poynt of lowe land and vpon the poynt it hath a Palme tree which tree you shall see alwayes before you see the point and it is like a sayle From thence to The Pracellas or Flats you shall stirre Northwest two parts of your way that you haue to runne from Cayo de Moa to the sayd Pracellas or Flats and the one halfe part of the way North Northwest and by West And this way you shall see The Pracellas or Flats in a cleane place of the shoald aboue the water for all the breach of the sea The Mosowes bee from the Pracell West and you shall leaue them to windward And if you will goe with the Pracellas or Flats you shall finde 4. or 5. fathomes and you may goe sure without danger a Northwest course vntill you come in 7. â—athomes And if you will goe vpon the Shoald you shall goe vpon that depth vntill you haue runne 40. or 45. leagues And fâ—om thence you shall see your course Southwest till you see the Flattes of the maine land You shall then see to the Westward a rocke diuided into 3. partes which is called the Camoloquea And looke that when you come from the Pracellas Southwest you haue certaine Flats before you take heede of them that you fall not by night with them by foure leagues for feare of the Mecala and you shall set your course West Northwest vntill day and when it is day you must beare close aboord the shore and then you shall see a flat Island with many broken sands which is called Cropeda and lyeth but a little out of the trade way somewhat to the Northward Off that you shall see 2. Rocks of stone which are the poynt of all the Flats And two leagues from them on the maâ—ne land you shall see a poynt which sheweth like broken land This is called The poynt of Caueus And from that poynt to Matanças on the Northside of Cuba are 12. leagues and your course lieth West and by North and then you must borrow vpon the land all that you can because of the currents for the currents will cary you into the Chanell And being at Matanças you must runne all along the shore because of the
in 21 The isle of Pinos in 21 Cape de Corrientes vpon the Southwest part of Cuba in 21½ Cabo de sant Anton being the most westerly Cape of Cuba in 22 The litle isles called Los Alacranes or The Scorpions in 22 The isles called Nigrillos in 23½ Isla de Lobos or The isle of seales neere the maine of Nueua Espanna in 22 The Cape of Iucatan called Cabo de Cotoche in 21 The island called Isla de Ranas in 21½ The latitudes of certaine places vpon the coast of Nueua Espanna and of diuers other places lying in the way from thence to Spaine  Degrees of latitude Villa rica standeth in 19½ Sant Iuan de Vllua in 18¾ From sant Iuan de Vllua sayling to the Tortugas you must found in 27½ The small isles called Las Tortugas stand in 25 The Pòrt of Hauana vpon the Northwest part of Cuba in 23½ The head of the Martyrs lying before the Cape of Florida in 25 The Mimbres are in 26¼ The Chanel of Bahama in 27½ The Cape de Cannaueral vpon the coast of Florida in 28â…“ The Isle of Bermuda in 33 The isle of Iohn Luis or Iohn Aluarez in 41¼ The latitudes of the Isles of the Açores  Degrees of latitudes The isle of Flores standeth in 39½ The isle of Cueruo in 40 The isle of Fayal in 38½ The isle of Pico and the isle of sant George both in 38½ The isle of Terçera in 39 The isle of Graciosa in 39½ The isle of santa Maria in 37 The isle of sant Michael in 38 Cape sant Vincent vpon the coast of Spaine 37 The Rocke in 39 The Burlings in 40 Bayona in 42½ Cape Finister in 43½ The enterance of the streights of Gibraltar is in 36 Cape Cantin vpon the coast of Babarie in 32½ Cape Bojador vpon the coast of Barbarie in 27 Rio del oro or The riuer of Gold in 23½ Cabo de Barbas in 22 Cabo blanco or the white Cape in 20¼ The latitude of the isles of Cabo verde The isles of Sant Anton Sant Vincent Santa Lucia and Sant Nicolas stand all in 182 3 Isla del Sal or The isle of salt in 17¼ The isle called Buena vista in 16 The isle of sant Iago in 15 The latitudes of diuers Islands Capes and other places from the Isle of Margarita vpon the coast of Cumana Westward along the coast of Tierra Firma  Degrees of latitude The isles of Aruba Curaçao and Buinaro stand all in 12 The isle of Margarita in 11 The islandes called Los Testigos in 11¼ The coast of Baya Honda to Cape de la Vela lyeth East and West in 12 Cape del Aguja in 11½ The rockes of Serrana in 14 The Roncador in 13½ The isle of Santa Catelina in 13½ The isle of Sant Andrew in 12½ The Seranilla in 15½ The isle of Centanilla or Santanilla in 17¼ Cape Camaron on the maine South of the enterance of the Honduras 16 Ganaba in 16¼ Genaza in 161 â— Here followeth a declaration of the longitudes or Western and Eastern distances from Spaine to Newe Spaine in America and from thence backe againe to Spaine  Leagues From Sal Medina vpon the Coast Andaluzia till you bring your selfe North and South with Cape Cantin vpon the Coast of Barbary 85 From Sal Medina to the island of Gran Canaria 200 From the Gran Canaria to Deseada 850 From Deseada to Monserate 20 From Monserate to santa Cruz 58 From santa Cruz to Cape Roxo the Southwest Cape of sant Iuan de Puerto Rico 45 From Cape Roxo to Saona 25 From Saona to sant Domingo 25 From sant Domingo to Ocoa 18 From Ocoa to Beata 20 From Beata to the isle Baque 43 From the isle Baque to Nauaza 33 From Nauaza to sant Iago of Cuba 32 From sant Iago of Cuba to Cabo de Cruz 34 From Cabo de Cruz to the first Cayman 40 From the first Cayman to the middle Cayman 6 From the middle Cayman to the great Cayman 12 From the great Cayman to the isle of Pinos 48 From Cabo de Cruz to the isle of Pinos by the forsaid course 106 From the isle of Pinos to Cabo de Corrientes 19 From Cabo de Corrientes to Cabo de sant Anton 20 The course from Cabo de sant Antâ—n to sant Iuan de Vllua by the outside or North of the Isles called Alacranes  From Cabo de sant Anton to the Nigrillos 106 From the Nigrillos vntill you bring your selfe North and South with the isle Vermeja 25 From the isle Vermja to Villa Riâ—a 96 From Villa rica to Sant Iuan de Vllua 12 The course from Cabo de Corrientes to sant Iuan de Vllua on the inside or South of the Alacranes  From Cabo de Corrientes to the first sounding 45 From the first sounding till you come so farre a head as the island called Isla de Ranas 80 From Isla de Ranas vnto  The longitudes from New Spaine backe againe to Spaine  Leagues From Saint Iuan de Vllua to the Tortugas 280 From the Tortugas to Hauana 36 From Hauana to the head of the Martyrs 36 From â—he head of the Martyrs to the Mimbres 30 From the Mimbres to Bahamá 22 From the head of the Martyrs to Cabo de Cannaueral 62 From Cabo de Cannauerall to Bermuda 350 From Bermuda to the Isle of Iohn Luis or Iohn Aluarez 320 From the Isle of Iohn Luis or Aluarez to Flores 300 From Flores to Fayal 28 From Fayal to Terçera 28 From Terçera to Saint Michael 28 From Saint Michael to Cape Saint Vincentâ— 218 From Terçera to Cape Saint Vincent 256 From Cape S. Vincent to Cabo de santa Maria vpon the coast of Algarbe 22 From Cabo de santa Maria to Sal Medina in Andaluzia 32 THE DISCOVERIE OF THE LARGE RICH and Beautifull Empire of Guiana with a relation of the great and golden Citie of Manoa which the Spaniards call El Dorado and the Prouinces of Emeria Aromaia Amapaia and other Countries with their riuers adioyning Performed in the yeere 1595 by Sir Walter Ralegh Knight Captaine of her Maiesties Guard Lorde Warden of the Stanneries and her Highnesse Leiutenant generall of the Countie of Corne-wall To the right Honourable my singular good Lord and kinsman Charles Howard Knight of the Garter Baron and Counceller and of the Admirals of England the most renowmed and to the right Honourable Sir Robert Cecyll knight Counceller in her Highnesse Priuie Councels FOr your Honours many Honourable and friendly partes I haue hitherto onely returned promises and now for answere of both your aduentures I haue sent you a bundle of papers which I haue deuided betwene your Lordship and Sir Robert Cecyll in these two respects chiefly First for that it is reason that wastful factors when they haue consumed such stockes as they had in trust doe yeeld some colour for the same in their account secondly for that I am assured that whatsoeuer shall bee done or written by
thou shalt see a great bay If thou wilt thou mayest ankor here safely And if thou wilt go in thou shalt bring thy selfe East and West with the hill and so thou mayest go in And thou shalt leaue a lowe land to the North of thee which is called A Ilha de Repouso that is the Isle of rest and this Isle lieth along the coast and thou mayest be bold to ride betwixt it and the maine giuing it a breadth off From these three Islands to Spirito Santo are 12 leagues and running Northwards to come to Spirito Santo thou shalt see another Island and shalt go a seaboord of it and by by the mouth of the bay will open toward thee And this bay standeth in 20 degrees The course from the bay de Spirito Santo to the bay of S. Vincent and the markes thereof Also the course from Saint Vincent to the riuer of Plate SAiling from Spirito Santo for Saint Vincent thou mayest goe along the coast keeping seuen or eight leagues off and must goe to seeke Cabo Frio that is The cold cape And as thou commest toward Cabo Frio thou hast a very great bay called Bahia de Saluador that is The bay of our Sauiour And from thence thou hast twelue leagues to Cabo Frio And before thou commest to Cabo Frio thou hast two small Islands Thou mayest go safely either a sea boord of them or else betweene them Thou shalt vnderstand that Cabo Frio hath as it were an Island in the midst of the face or shew thereof that doth cut off the cape Thou mayest ride safely on the West side thereof for all is cleane ground Understand that Cabo Frio standeth in 23 degrees and from it to Rio de Ienero are twelue leagues And this riuer of Ienero hath in the mouth thereof 3 or 4 Islands And if thou wilt go into this riuer de Ienero thou mayest well goe in betweene two Islands which stand in the entrance of the riuer on the South side neere vnto this riuer there is a great hill seeming to bee a man with long haire And take this for aduise that if thou be in the height of this riuer thou shalt see certaine high hilles within the land which be like vnto organs And when thou seest these organs then make accompt thou art right against the riuer and comming neere the land thou shalt see a certaine Island very round which lieth to the Southward and is hie and bare in the top Thou must know that the mouth of this riuer standeth in 23 degrees and one third part And from this riuer to Angra that is to say The open hauen thou hast 15 leagues Goe not neere the land there except necessitie compell thee I aduise thee that from this riuer that I spake of I meane from the entrance thereof thou must goe Westsouthwest and Southwest and West and by South And thou shalt see a great Island called Isla de San Sebastiano and to the Southward thereof another small Island very high called the Island of Alcatrarzas that is to say The Island of Pellicanes but come not neere it for it hath dangerous shoalds And from hence thou mayest go West and so thou shalt fall right with the mouth of Saint Vincent aâ—d thou shalt see an Island And if thou meane to goe into Saint Vincent thou must leaue this Island to the Westward And vnderstand that Saint Vincent lieth in foure and twentie degrees And when thou art in the mouth of this bay or art neere the mouth of it then thou shalt see many other Islands and one among the rest to the seaward And hauing these sights thou hast the best markes that bee for these Islands that I haue told thee of and this Island lieth Northwest and Southeast with the mouth of S. Vincent The course from Saint Vincent to the riuer of Plate FRom S. Vincent to Cananea thou hast 40 leagues and the coast lieth Northeast and by East and Southwest and by West From Cananea to the riuer of Saint Francisco are fifteene leagues and the coast lieth Northeast and Southwest There is a little Island which hath as it were two bayes and a good rode and is in 26 degrees and a quarter and towards the maine it is hie and craggie From San Francisco to Boca de Ouerniton are 26 leagues and the coast lieth North South Also thou must marke that the riuer of San Francisco hath a great entrance and 3 small Islands and to seaward it hath a good road and the maine is high and craggie From this Boca de Ouerniron to Ilha de Aruoredo thou hast no great markes be obserued but this Boca is a very great bay and this bay is deepe within the Island and is a good road and hath many Islands and standeth in 28 degrees And to the North of this Island vnder the point there is a good road and there is no other road hereabout but this and it is vnder the Island From hence thou shalt haue sight of the Isle called Santa Catharina which is a great Island about eight or nine leagues long and lieth North and South And hard by euen with this Iland is Porto de Patos which standeth in 29 degrees And from Porto de Patos to Porto de Don Roderigo are ten or eleuen leagues and the coast lieth North and South And from Porto de Don Roderigo to Laguna are 5 leagues And this is a good harbour for all winds except the Northeast wind From the Laguna to the riuer called Rio de Martin de Sousa are 42 leagues And the coast is somthing high lieth Northeast by North Southwest by South and it hath an Island 2 leagues into the sea where ships may ride well And from the riuer of Martin de Sousa to Rio de San Pedro are 52 leagues and the coast lieth Northeast and Southwest From this riuer of San Pedro there lieth a point of sand a good league off and more and it lyeth on the Southwest side of the port And froÌ„ thence to Cabo de Santa Maria are 42 leagues and the coast lieth Northeast and Southwest and all is lowe land Also on the Southeast side of Cabo de Santa Maria there lyeth an Isle two leagues off into the sea and it hath a good harborough betwixt it and the mayne And note that the mayne is lowe land The cape of Santa Maria standeth in 35 degrees and at the point thereof it hath an Island a league into the sea Hereafter followeth a Ruttier from the sayd riuer of Plate to the Streight of Magelane THe cape of Santa Maria is in 35 degrees FroÌ„ thence to the Cape de Santo Antonio which is on the other side of the riuer are 30 leagues Northnortheast Southsouthwest And this is the broadest place of the riuer And this cape is in
The ninth day wee departed from Pengwin Ilande and ranne South Southwest to King Philips citie which the Spaniards had built which Towne or citie had foure Fortes and euery Fort had in it one cast peeâ—e which pâ—â—â—es were buryed in the ground the cariages were standing in their places vnburied wee digged for them and had thâ—m all They had contriâ—ed their Citie veâ—y well and seated it in the best place of the Stâ—eights for wood and water they hâ—d builded vp their Churches by themselues they had Lawes very seuere among themselues for they had â—recâ—ed a Gibeâ— whereon they had done execution vpon some of their company It seemed vnto vs that thâ—ir whole liuing for a greaâ— space was altogethâ—r vpon muskles and lympits for there was not any thing else to bee had except some Deere which came out of the mâ—untaines downe to the fresh riuers to drinke These Spaniards which were there were only come to forâ—â—fie the Streights to the ende that no other nation should haue passage through into the Sâ—uâ—h sea sauing onely their owne but as it appeared it was not Gods will so to haue it For during the time that they were there which was two yeeres at the least they could neuer haue any thing to growe or in any wise prosper And on the other side the Indians oftentimes preyed vpon them vntill their victuals grewe so short their store being spent which they had brought with them out of Spaine and hauing no meanes to renew the same that they dyed like dogges in their houses and in their clothes wherein we found them still at our comming vntill that in the ende the towne being wonderfully taynted with the smell and the sauour of the dead people the rest which remayned aliue were driuen to burie such things as they had therein their towne either for prouision or for furniture and so to forsake the towne and to goe along the sea-side and seeke their victuals to preserue them from steruing taking nothing with them but euery man his harquebuze and his furniture that was able to cary it for some were not able to cary them for weakenesse and so liued for the space of a yeere and morâ— with rootes leaues and sometimes a foule which they might kill with their peece To conclude they were determined to haue trauailed towards the riâ—â—r of Plate only bâ—ing left aliue 23. persons wâ—â—reof two were wâ—men which were the râ—mâ—inder of 4. hundred In this place we watered and woodded wâ—ll and quietly Our Generall named this towne Port famine it standeth in 53. degrees by obseruation to the Southward The 14. day we departed from this place and ran South southwest and from thence southwest vnto cape Froward 5. leagues West Southwest which Cape is the Southermost part of all the streights and standeth in the latitude of 54. degrees Frâ—m which cape we ran Wâ—st and by north 5. leagues and put into a bay or Coue on the south side which we called Muskle-Coâ—e because there were great store of them we ridde therein 6. dayes the wind being still Westerly The 21. day of Ianuarie we departed from Muskle-â—oue and went Northwest and by West 10. leagues to a very faire sandie Baye on the North side which our Generall called Elizabeth Baye and as wee ridde there that night one of our men dyed which went in the Hugh Gallant whose name was Grey a Carpenter by his occupation and was buryed there in that Baye The 22. wâ—e departed from Elizabeth Bay in the afternoone and went about 2. leagues from that place where there was a fresh water riuer where our Generall went vp with the ship-boate about three myles which riuer hath very good and pleasant ground about it and it is lowe and champion soyle and so we saw none other ground els in all the Streights but that was craggie rocks and monstrous high hilles and mountaines In this riuer are great store of Sauages which wee sawe and had conference with them They were men-â—aterâ— and fedde altogâ—ther vpon rawe flesh and other filthie foode which people had preyed vpon some of the Spaniardes before spoken of For they had gotten kniues and peeces of Rapiers to make darces of They vsed all the meanes they could possibly to haue allured vs vp farther into the riuer of purpose to haue betrayed vs which being espyed by our Generall hee caused vs to shoote at them with our harquebuzes whereby we killed many of them So wee sayled from this riuer to the Chaneâ—l of Saint â—erome which is 2. leagues off From the riuer of Saint Ierome about three or foure leagues wee ranne West vnto a Cape which is on the North side and from that Cape vnto the mouth of the Streights the course lyeth Northwest and by West and Northwest Betweene which place and the mouth of the Streights to the Southward we lay in Harborough vntill the three and twentieth of Februarie by reason of contrary windes and most vile and filthie fowle weather with such rayne and vehement stormie windes which came downe from the mountaines and high hilles that they hazarded the best cables and anchors that we had for to holde which if they had fayled wee had bene in great danger to haue bene cast away or at the least famished For during this tâ—me which was a full moneth we fedde almost altogether vpon muskles and limpits and birds or such as we could get on shore seeking euery day for them as the fowles of the ayre doe where they can finde foode in continuall raynie weather There is at euery myle or two myles ende an Harborough on both sides of the land And there we betweene the riuer of Saint Ierome and the mouth of the Streights going into the South sea about 34. leagues by estimation So that the length of thâ— whole Sreights is about 90. leagues And the said mouâ—h of the Streights standeth in the same hâ—â—ght that the entrance standeth in when we passe out of the North sea which is about 52. degrees and â…” to the Southward of the line The 24. day of February wee entred into the South sea and on the South side of the going out of the Streights is a faire high Cape with a lowe poynt adioyning vnto it and on the North side are 4. or 5. Ilands which lye 6. leagues off the mayne and much broken and sunken ground about them by noone the same day wee had brought these Ilands East of vs 5. leagues off the winde being Southerly The first of March a storme tooke vs at North which night the ships lost the company of the Hugh Gallant beeing in 49. ½ and 45. leagues from the land This storme continued 3. or 4. dayes and for that time we in the Hugh Gallant being separated from the other 2. ships looked euery houre to sinke our barke was so leake and our selues so diluered and weakened with freeing it of water that
Item the yland of S. Mary in 37. degr 15. min. Item the bay of Valpares in 33. degr 40. min. Item the bay of Quintero in 33. degr 20. min. Item Coquimbo in 29. degr 30. min. Item Morro moreno in 23. degr 20. min. Item Arica standeth in 18. degr 30. min. Item the bay of Pisca standeth in 13. degr 30. min. Item the bay of Lima standeth in 11. degr 50. min. Item Santos standeth in 9. degr 20. min. Item the bay of Cherrepe in 6. degr 30. min. Item the bay of Paita in 5. degr 4. min. Item the yland of Puna in 2. degr 50. min. Item Cape Sant Francisco to the North of the Equinoctiall in 1. degr A note of the height of certaine places to the Northwards of the Equinoctiall line on the coast of New Spaine INprimis Panama standeth in the latitude of 9. degrees Item the yland called Isla de Canoas in 9. degr 10. min. Item Cape Blanco in 10. degr 10. min. Item Rio Lexo in 12. degr 40. min. Item Aguatulco in 15. degr 50. min. Item Acapulco in 17. degr 20. min. Item Sant Iago in 18. degr 50. min. Item Cape de los Corrientes in 20. degr 30. min. Item the bay of Xalisco in 21. degr 30. min. Item the ylands of the Maries in 21. degr 20. min. Item the yland of Saint Andrew in 22. degr Item the ylands of Ciametlan in 23. degr 40. min. Item that the Cape of Santa Clara on the point of California is in 23. degrees A note of the heights of certaine places beginning from the ylands of the Ladrones and passing by the Philippinas the Malucos Iaua minor Iaua maior the Cape of Bona Sperança and the yle of Santa Helena INprim one of the ylands of the Landrones called Guana standeth in 13. degr 50. min. Item Cape De Spirito Santo on the yle of Luçon standeth in 13. degr Item the yland of Capul in 12. degr 30. min. Item that the yland of Seboyon standeth in 12. degr Item that the Easterly end of the yland of Pannay is in 11. degr Item that the opening betweene the South head of Pannay and the South head of Isla de los Negros is in 10. degr 10. min. Item that the South-head of Isla de los Negros is in 9. degr 10. min. Item that the North-head of the yland Mindanao is in 7. degr 50. min. Item the South-head of Mindanao called Cape Cannel is in 6. degr 40. min. Item the Cape of Batochina is in 10. min. Item that 12. small ylands stand in 3. degr Item the latitude of two other ylands is in 4. degr 10. min. Item the Westerly head of Iaua minor is toward the South in 8. degr 30. min. Item the Easterly head of Iaua maior is toward the South in 8. degr 20. min. Item Malaca standeth to the Northward in 2. degr Item Cape Falso on the promontory of Africa standeth in 34. degr 20. min. Item the Cape of Bona a Sperança standeth in 34. degr 40. min. Item the yland of Santa Helena standeth in 15. degr 40. min. Item the Cape of S. Augustine standeth Southward in 8. degr 40. min. Soundings on the coast of Barbarie from Rio del Oro vnto Cape Blanco INprimis about 3. leagues off Rio del Oro you shall haue very faire shoulding fine white sand 18. fathoms and so alongst vnto Cape Blanco two or three leagues off the shore you shall haue 18. and 20. fathoms And when you come within one league of the Cape you shall haue twelue or thirteene fathoms browne sand very faire shoulding And if you will hall in with Cape Blanco beware you come not within seuen or eight fathoms of the Cape for there lyeth a sand off the Cape Also about 7. or eight leagues off the Cape lyeth a long should next hand Southwest and by South off the Cape Soundings on the coast of Guiny ITem Going vnto Sierra Leona hauing the cape Eastnortheast off you 7 leagues off you shall haue 22 fadome browne sand And halling in you shall finde very faire shoalding You may be bold to borrow on the Southermost shore but take heed of a rocke that lieth in the faire way a good birth off the shore but there is no feare of it for it lieth aboue the water and is distant two miles off the South shore Item You may be bolde to borrow hard by rocke for on the North side going in there lieth one long sand which runneth Southeast and Northwest and lieth distant from the South shore 2 leagues And you shall anker in 14 or 15 fadoms hard by the shore Also going vnto the island called Illha Verde the which iland lieth 10 leagues to the Southward of Sierra Leona the course is Southsouthwest and Northnortheast and you shall haue betweene them 9 or 10 fadome And if you will anker at the sayd iland you shall haue 5 or 6 fadome hard by the shore Also you must haue especiall care of a great current that setteth alongst the coast of Guiny to the Eastward Item And if you be bound vnto the Southwards you must go Westsouthwest off for feare oâ— the shoald that is called Madera Bomba the which shoald is to the Southwards of the iland Soundings on the coast of Brasil ITtem Unto the Northwards of Cape Frio the cape bearing southwest off you about 17 or 1â— leagues off you shall haue 45 fadoms streamy ground and running Southwest you shall find 32 fadoms blacke sand and then running Westsouthwest into a deepe bay which lieth tenne leagues to the Northwards of the cape you shall haue 22 fadoms oaze that depth you shall hauâ— all alongst except you be farre into the bay and then you shall haue 16 fadoms all oazie Item To the Northwards of Cape Frio about 6 or 7 leagues you shall haue many small islands Item To the Northwards of the cape 6 leagues you shall haue two small islands one mile distant the one from the other and they are distant from the maine fiue leagues And betweene those ilands and the cape you shall haue very many islands hard aboord the maine Item The cape bearing West of you two leagues off you shall haue 55 fadoms oaze Also you shall know when you are shot about the cape vnto the Southwards by deeping of the water Also if you will go for S. Sebastian from the cape you must go West and South and Westâ—southwest among And the distance from the cape vnto S. Sebastian is 50 leagues And being shot into the bay any thing nere the shore you shall haue 24 fadoms all oazie And halling in for S. Sebastian you shall know it by two little islands which be round anâ— those ilands lie from the iland of S. Sebastian next hand East and by South and are distant the one from the other about foure leagues Also off the Southermost end of S. Sebastian there lieth one iland about 6 leagues off which iland is
Spaine Portugall Remember this great arrest of the Hollanders An. 159â— Commodities oâ—â—â—â—ro voyage in shortnesse Commodities of the countrey more then those of Moscouie The seuerall merchandise A lake of salt in Vasques his voyage Obiection Answere The ewer of metâ—l brought by M. Frobisher caused two seuerall supplies the two yeeres next allowing whereof the latter was of thirteene tall ships Master Câ—rlilâ—s owne experience The Frenchmens trade renewed in Canada in the yeere 158â— The South part best for inhabiting and traffiquâ— The furnishing foorth of 100. men for one yeere will cost 4000. li. 1591. The fleeâ—â—â—â— Canada Cape Rase The Isles â—â— S. Peterâ— Cape de Rey The Isles of Aponas The Isâ—â—â—â— Brioâ— The Isle Râ—â—meâ— The Isle of Douronâ— The markes of the harbour of the Isle Ramea An Isle like a Floure de lice A banke of sand Cape du Chapt. The maine a shold coast Lisle Blanche The place where they killed 1500. Morses The Isle Hupp Sands and sholds A smal Island conteining a league of ground A hard hauen Markes to come into the hauen The Barre The best anchorage Another entrance The Isle of Cormorants The voyage of M. Drake of Apsham to Ramea The Isle of Rameâ—â— or Menquit The English mâ—n â—â—d vpon Cape Briton They goe on those in another place The people of the coâ—â—trey came downe to ouâ— men Blacke dogs A secret trade to the Southwest of Cape Briton Soundings to the South and Southwestward of Cape Briton The sayle 50 or 60 leagues to the Southâ— West of Cape Briton Great store of Stales Porposes Whales and Cods They continue on the coast from Cape Briton Westwards full eleuen weekes An huge Whale pursued their ship by the space of many dayes till one of their men fell ouer boord Cape Raz Cape S. Marie The Islands of the Martyers The Isles of S. Peâ—er Cape de Rey. Cape de Angullie The bay of Saint George They land on the Isle of Naâ—iscotec The Isle of Menego The 2 Islands of Birdes Store of Moâ—sses In Bryans Island excâ—â—llent ground for come and medow The Isle Ramea Another harborough in Ramea A sâ—irmish betweene the French men and vs. A new treason of the Britons The bar of the hauen of Ramea They depart from Ramea Isle Blanch oâ— the White Isle The riuer of Cape Briton Their arriuall in the Isle of Cape Briton The Chancewâ—l cast away 18 leagues within Cape Briton Woods on the Isle of Cape Briton The Sauages of Cape Briton come aboord of our ship Cibo an harborow in the Isle of Cape Briton New Port. Port Ingles They departed from Cape Briton S. Peters Islands A Spanish ship taken M. Crafton The harborow of Cape S. Marie A Briton ship of 200 tunnesâ— taken The Isle oâ— Birds A great whiâ—e beaâ—e â—eâ— Chasteauâ— Carpunt Blane Sablon or white Sands Brâ—st a plâ—â— to the North in Newfoundland The riuer of Sâ— Iaques Boats made of the barke of Birch trees Three Ilands The Islands of Margaulx Moâ—ses or Sâ—â—oxen Brionâ— Iland An exceeding goodly land Marâ—etie of goodly trees The passage deâ— Chasteaux Trees able to mast ships of 300. tunnes Fortie or 50 boates of Saluages Three hunred gentle Sauages Baye â—â— Chaleur or the Bay of heat Hemp. Maâ—â— Damsins figs nuts apples Tâ—is hauen seemeth to be Gaspay Two sauages taken Fifty degrees of latitude The Streit oâ— S. Peter Cape Tiennot The Isle of birds in 49 degrees 40 minutes The Bay des Chasteaux oâ— The Grand Bay Câ—pâ— Thiennâ—â— â—ole S. Nicholaâ— Cape Rabast The gulfe of S. Laurence A Cape of tâ—e Isle of Asâ—â—â—ption A mighâ—y 〈◊〉 of Whales The Isle of Assumpâ—â—on The month of the riuer of Hochelaga about thirty leagues broad The seuen Isâ—es A swiâ—t riuer Sea-horses The Isle of Asâ—â—â—ptâ—on or Natâ—leoteâ— â—â—auen on the Southerne coaâ—â— A great riuer â— Iohnâ— Islets This is the riuer of Tadiâ—eâ— or of Saguenay The riuer oâ— Saguenay Inâ—umerable Tortoâ—â—es The I le of Coâ—â—â—es 〈◊〉 Filberds This great Iland is called The I le of Oâ—leans Maâ—◠〈…〉 Stadacona Goodly deury The I le of Bacchus or the I le of Orleans Uines laden with grapes Hochelay The lake of Angoleâ—me â—ild rats as big as â—oâ—â—â— They leaue â—heir Pinnesse behind Hochelaga distant from the lake of Angolesme 45â— leagues The third of October Hochelaga siâ—e miles from the riuer side This Millet is Maâ—â— The description of Hochelaga Maâ—â— pease beanes musk-millions cucumbers and other fruits Plenâ—â—e of fish and the preseruing thereof â—uâ—gâ—i gâ—â—d to sâ—anch blood Mount Roial â— ridge of â— ountaâ—â—â—s to 〈◊〉 Fâ—orâ—h or locaâ—logo and another to the South The 3 faults or falleâ— of water in 44 degrees of latitude The riuer of Sagâ—enay commeth from the West Where there is gold and siluer Red copper in Sagueâ—â—y Stadacona Toudamani dwâ—ling Southwareâ— of Canada They â—esire to be baptized Their Maiz. Tâ—baâ—â—o described It is now found to be but 200 leagues Riuerâ— falling from mountaines Bâ—asts Birdeâ— Fishes The right way to Saguenay Store of golde red copper Two or three great lakes Mâ—re dulcium aquarium The riuer of Irâ—oâ—â—câ—s â—alling into the lake of Aâ—gâ—leâ—â—ne A perfect remedy against the French Pocks A long winter Rubies Gold and wollen cloth with other riches in Saguenay A people called Picquemians The towne of Sidatin Donnacona Taignoagny Domagaia take Foure and twenty chaines of Esurgny The Isle of Orleans Isle de Coudres A knife of red coper brought from Saguenay The Isle of Hares The Isle of Brion Ten Sauages brought into France Iohn Francis de la Roche lord of Roberual Great riches very good soile in Saguenay which to beyond y e saults The kings letters to Cartier 23. of May 1540. The great mischiefe of leesing the season Carpont Hauen Transporting of diuers sorts oâ— cattell for breed The 23 of August The new king of Canada Great dissimulation of a Sauage A good roade 4. leagues aboue Saincte Croix Trees aboue 3. fathâ—ms about Hanneda the most excellent tree of the world Abundance of Uines full of grapes Fruit like Medlers Seed sprong out of the ground within 8 dayes A great plaine of very good arable ground Diamants of Canada An yron Mine Leaues of fine gold as thicke as a mans naile found in Canada Excellent and â—trong hempe The Uicount of Beauâ—â—e and the rest of their councell The rich coâ—ntrey of Saguenaâ— sâ—maâ—d hâ—rond the Saules which are in 44. deg They depart from Charlesburg Royal the 7. of Septem They delight in red cloth The 11 of September The Towne of Tutonagâ—y Bad groundâ— and a great current A Towne of friendly people Another viâ—lage of good people which dwell ouer against the second Sault They were at the second Sault The riuer not nauigable to passe to Saguenay 400 personâ— about their boaâ—eâ— Like those of new Albion The Sauageâ— are great diâ—â—sembâ—â—â—â— Maisouna The Sauages conspiâ—e together against the French A very great number of Sauages asseâ—bled together The Saults
de San Barâ—ardo La Bacilla The shoalds of Serrana Serranilla Cape de Corrientes Cape de San Antonio The Tâ—â—tugâ—â—â— Seranilla An Island in 16. degrees 〈◊〉 Câ—â—â— de Cameron The vaâ—iâ—tioâ— of the compasse Isla de Pinos The currentâ— sâ—t here sometimes Wesâ— Isla de Coâ—â—â— The latitude of 〈…〉 19. deg and one â—ieâ—â—e Las Tortugas The little Islâ— called Vermâ—â—â— Marâ—â— oâ— Vâ—â—la Rica The low ground of Almeria Lâ—s Sierras 〈◊〉 Papalo Saint Paul Monte de Câ—rneâ—os Casa de Buytroâ— The castle of S. Iuan de Vâ—lâ—â— The hospitall The riuer of 〈◊〉 Alacranes or â—â—â—pâ—orâ— The triangle â—â—rta or â—aâ—â—a The high hils 〈◊〉 â— Maâ—tin 〈◊〉 de Medelin S. Iuan de Vllua 〈◊〉 in 18. deg and a halfe The Tortugas The currents to the East â—an de Cabanas â—auana â—eâ— Martyres The sholds of Mimbresâ— that is of Osiars The Chanell reacheth to 28 degrees La Bermuda * The variation of the Compasse Flores and Câ—eruo Saint George Terzera The Cape of S. Vincent The windes are alwayes at Northwest in the summer The markes oâ— Capâ— S. Vincent The Asagresal The Cape of Saint Mary The course in winter from the chanel of Baâ—ama The variation of the Compasse Many lost vpon Bermuda by negligence The Isle of S. Marie * Faial The barre oâ— S. Lucar Sierras de Monchico To aâ—oyde men of warre The castle of Aimonte The Cape of S Nâ—colas on the East ende of Cuba Pontâ— de Mayâ—ca â—araâ—oa A â—lâ—â—â—d on the East side of Baracoa â—aâ—o de â—â—a This worde Cayo in the Biskapur â—â—â—gue signifieth a date â— shoald Pracellas The Mosâ—wes Camoloquea The flats of Mecaâ—a to be auoyded Cropeda a flat Island 2. Rockes of stone Punta de Caueus Matanâ—as The currents The Teates of Hauana The â—arbour of Xâ—â—oca Markes to know the harbour of Hauana Caio de Moa Caio Romanâ—â— Alcane de Barasoga Sauano Basquo The Flats of Mecala Take heede of that which is here saâ—d for it hath litle reason Sierras de Camaloquâ—a Caio de Moa Pracellas Hauana Punta de Mance Sierra del Hama Caio Romano The markes of the Flat of Caio Romano Punta de Naga Punta de hidalgo The calmes of 〈◊〉 The variation of the compasse Deseada in 15. â—egrees and a halâ—e Warlike and dangerous Indians like â—hose oâ— Dominica These 2. the white and the gray Islands are rather baâ—â— rockes in the sea foâ— so doeth Farrallon the Spanish word signifie But I interprâ—te it Island because all the rocks separated froÌ„ the bigger Islands are saâ—d to be litle Islands This white bare Island is made whitâ— vp the dâ—ng of birdes and sea-foules that resort vnto it These rockes are called Los 〈◊〉 or the spoâ—tes The point oâ— Causedo â—an Domingo The point of Niâ—ao The Isle of Beata Ocoa Puerto hermoso The Isle of Alto Velo◠〈◊〉 Frailes 〈◊〉 Las sierras de donna Maria. Isla Baque Cape Tiburon The Isle of Nauaza Sierras de Cobâ—â— Sierras de Tarquino Los Caimanes Los Iardines Las sierras de Guanaguarico A conuenienâ— watering place The Isle Vermeja Villa rica â— Iuan de Vllua â— volcan or burning hil â—ierras de Sant Martâ—n Sierras de Villa 〈◊〉 â—io de las palmas Rio de las monâ—anâ—as Rio de Panuco Rio Heâ—moâ—o oâ— The beautiâ—ull â—iuer The current of the bay of Mexico the winde being at the East setteth to the Northâ— and 40. leagues from thâ—â—hoâ—e to the Northeast The mountaines oâ— Tamaclipa 〈◊〉 tide at the riuer of Panuco Laâ— sieâ—ras de Tarquia â— Luis de Tamâ—ice Cabo Roxo A watering place The bay â—â— Cassones All these are vpon the 〈◊〉 of Tabasco Las sierras de â— Pabâ—â—â— Punta delgada oâ— The slendâ—â— pointâ— Cabezaâ— anegadas are 〈◊〉 heads 〈◊〉 vnder water Comedera de Peâ—cado Cabo de Coâ—â—ienteâ— Cabo de S. Aâ—â—ton Cape Sisal vpon the coast of Campeche in lucatan Or Isla de Arenas Sierras de S. Martin Roca partida Or Minsapa Of Antoniserro Las Tortugas The hilles called Los Organos vpon Cuba neere Hauana Rio de puercos Baya honda La quadrilla de sierras El pan de Caâ—annas La mesa de Marien The tower of Hauana Note Chipiona a towne standing vpon the coast of Andaluzia next vnto S. Lucas El pan de Matanzas Barrancas If you will recouer Hauana go also signifie creeks or broken entrances of landes Cabeza de los Martires Which Martires are a number of small Ilands lying ahead the Cape of Florida Los Mimbres The markes of Pan de Matanzas Punta de los Puercos The furious current in the chanell of Bahama Directions is know whether you be in the chanell of Bahama or no. Cabo de Cannaueral in 28. deg and a halfe The course 〈◊〉 Winter The Isle of Bermuda The course in the Summer more Northerly Puerto Pini El Passaje place on the Northeast part of the Isle of S. Iuan de Puerto rico Cabo del Enganno the most Easter in Cape of Hispaniola Or Semana Las Ouejas Cabo Franco El Puerto de Plata Baracoa Isla de Tortugas otherwise called Hinagua The Isle of Iaico Las sierras de Cabanca Cayo Romano This word Cayo in the â—â—â—caian tongue signifieth a flat or a shâ—ld Cabo de Cruz. This Island lyeth 100. leagues from Hauana The great Parcel Las Anguillas Another Cayo 6 or 7 leagues from Cayo de Cruz. El Puerto de Maranzas or The hauen 〈◊〉 slaughters 〈◊〉 Las Sierras de Guana Cruz del Padre La Baia de Conel La Baia de Caos or Cayos Or Camoloquec Note large * This is a very commoditus Isle for 〈◊〉 in our way to Virginia * large A treatâ—se of the West Indieâ— The yle oâ— Trinidad Curiâ—paâ— Parico Tierra de Breâ— The death of Captaine Whiddon â— Englishmen betrayed by Antony Berreo The Citie of S. Ioseph taken Antony Berreo taken prisoneâ— Sir W. Ralegâ— passed 400. miles toward Guianaâ— The statelines of Manoa marg Fran. Lopez de Gomara hist. gen cap. 120. Iuan Martineâ— the first that euer saw Mâ—noa Diego de Ordaâ— went â—oorth with 600 souldiers 1531. Fran. Lopez bist gen de las Ind. cap. 87. The great city of Manoa or El Dorado The author of the name of El Doradoâ— The substance of this report is in the end of the nauigation of the great riuer of Marannon written by Gonzalo Fernando de â—uiedo to cardinall Bembâ—â— Ramusin Vol 3. fol. 416. Sir Robert Duddeleyâ— Reade Iosephus Acosta The voyage of sir Iohn Burgh to the West Indiesâ— 1534. Gomar cap. 84â— 86. Don Pedro de Siluaâ— Pedro Hernandez de Serpa Don Gonzales Ximenes de Casada Antonio Berreo A new rich trade of the French to the riuer of Amazones The seat of the Amazones Many great riuer a falling into Orenoque The prouince of Emeria inhabited by gentle Indians Carapana Morequito Vides the gouernour of Cumana competâ—tor with Berreo in the conquest of Guiana Macureguaray Ten Spanyards arâ—â—e at Manoa Aromaia Saima anâ— â—â—â—kiri