desirous to imbarke the Emperour D. Alphonso League betwixt the King of Castille and Prince of Arragon against the King of Nauarre his brother in law in this warre came vnto him to Carrion where hee renewed the oth of fealty doing him homage for the country of Arragon where he did insinuaâe so well into his fauour as hee got out of his hands the townes of Sarragosse Tarassone Calataiub and Daroca which were held by the Castillans Afterwards D. Raymond Berenger returned againe to D. Alphonsos court at Carrion whereas the conditions and Articles were concluded and set downe concerning the warre which they should make in common against D. Garcia King of Nauarre Amongst the which they diuided the Beares skinne before hee was taken agreeing that of all the country of Nauarre which they should conquer the Emperour D. Alphonso should haue a third part and the other two should belong vnto D. Raymond Prince of Arragon vpon condition to hold them in fee of the realme of Castille At this treaty there were present the Bishops Berenger of Salamanca and D. Pedro of Burgos with other Noblemen both Clergy and Secular From Carrion they went to Soria where after they had held a councell of prophane things they had a great care of religion that is to say of the temporall reuenues of the Church wherefore the King and Queene did giue vnto the Monastery of Saint Mary of Valbanera a house in Canegosa with certaine immunities to the end that if any thing were attempted vniustly to the ruine of an other this sinne might by that meanes be purged The army of Castille beeing ready to march Nauarre the Emperour D. Alphonso past vnto the frontier of Nauarre by the riuer of Ebro marching along the which hee came to Calaorra where hee was met by D. Sancho Bishop of Calaorra D. Stephen Prior of Saint Mary the royall of Nagera D. Michel Bishop of Tarassone with the Earle D. Ladron of Gueuara and others who imployed themselues happely to appease the ambition of this Prince Peace betwixt Nauarre and Castille and to conuert the warre into a good peace the which was concluded by an enterview of the two Kings of Castille and Nauarre betwixt Calaorra and Alfaro to confirme the which there was a marriage concluded betwixt the Infant D. Sancho the eldest sonne of Castille and D. Blanche daughter to D. Garcia King of Nauarre in the yeere of our Lord 1140. and promises made by words de futuro by reason of the tender age of the Infanta who was deliuered vnto D. Alphonso her father in law to bee bred vp in Castille vntil shee were capable for the consummation of the marriage 14. This was a second crosse to the designes of the new Prince of Arragon who was at the same time in quarrel with the knights of the Temple Arragon and Cattelogâe or Barcelon and the Hospitaliers of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem which pretended the luccession of the realme of Arragon by vertue of the Testament of the deceased King D. Alphonso the Warrior by the which they were made heires Raymond Maister of the hospitaliers was come into Spaine to that end who seeing it very difficult to challendge their right by armes and that to pursue it by Iustice besides the rediousnesse the euent would be vncertaine and the execution very hard hee sought to make an accord and compounded with D. Raymond Berenger quitting vnto him that part which did belong vnto the Hospital vpon condition that if he died without children lawfully begotten it should returne to the same religion Besides hee receiued many benificâs and charitable guifts for the sayd religion in those places which the Earle did then enjoy with promise of a large portion of all which hee should conquer from the Moores According to this accord the Templers âurceased their action so as after that time those two Orders got great reuenues in Arragon Cattelogne and Valencia In the transaction which was made betwixt D. Raymond Berenger and the Templers for the Prince there assisted the Bishops of Saragosse and Huesca with the Archbishop of Tarragone and moreouer Arnââld Earle of Pallars Bernard of Comminges Peter of Bigorre and other Noblemen and knights of Arragon Cattelogne and others and for the Templers Euerard Ostan of Saint Ordogno Hugo Borraâo Pedro Anticho and Bernard Riginol This accord was confirmed by Pope Adrian the fourth D. Garcia Ramires King of Nauarre Nauarre beeing by meanes of a peace made with D. Alphonso Emperor of Spaine freed from a great danger he stood very carefully vpon his gard in respect of D. Raymond Berenger who prest him towards Arragon finding himselfe strong ynough to resist him for notwithstanding that the Earle was a wife and valiant knight yet the King Garcia was nothing inferiour vnto him in vertue greatnesse of courrage knowledge and discipline in warre and was also well assisted with good and wise Knights amongst the which hee was faithfully serued by D. Sancho de Rosas Bishop of Pampelone newly reconciled the Earle D. Ladron of Gueuara Lord in Ayauar William Aznares Lord in Sanguesse Ximen Aznares Lord in Tafalle Ramir Garcia Lord in the towne of Saint Mary of Vxue Martin de Leet Lord of Gallipienço Peralta Peter Tizon Lord in Cadreyta Rodrigo of Açagra Lord in Estella Roderigo Abarco Lord in Funes and Valtiera lean Dia Lord in Cascant Ramer Sanches Lord in Maragnon they were Gouernors or Captaines in these places many others as well of his owne country as of France Hee kept in fronter places well manded like a prouident Prince as the fort of Tudele which came vnto him by marriage as we will shew Bureta and Sos. Hee had put a valiant captaine into the fort of Malon called Gerard the Diuell into that of Frescano an other captaine a stranger called Robert of Mâtalon and so in the rest which frontered vpon Arragon Moreouer hee had practised a league with France first with Lewis the sixth surnamed the Grosse and then with Lewis the seuenth called the young who assisted him with their forces and fortified his army when as the Emperour D. Alphonso presented himselfe first betwixt Cortes and Galur and then in the second expedition of Calaorra where the peace was concluded and confirmed by the marriage of D. Sancho Infant of Castille with D. Blanche Infanta of Nauarre whom the King D. Garcia had had by D. Marguerite his wife daughter to Rotron Earle of Perche who had brought vnto him the towne of Tudele for her dourie Genealegy of Nauarre the which Count Rotron had obtained from King D. Alphonso the warrior for his valour and good deserts The King D. Garcia Ramires had many other children by this Ladie D. Sancho who was King after him D. Alphonso Ramires Lord of Castro Vieijo D. Marguerite who was Queene of Naples and Sicile married to William sonne to Roger father and mother to an other William King of Naples and Sicile Queene Marguerite
Extremadura with whome hee was in League There is no doubt but Don Alphonso king of Arragon would haue beene a partaker in this Inuasion of Castile Arragon if death had not preuented him in the same yeare 1196. He died in Perpignan hauing raigned three and thirty yeares eight moneths and some dayes and was buried in the royal Monasterie of Poublette which he had founded whose sonne and successor Don Pedro thought it more safe to leaue the allyance of the kings of Nauarre and Leon to ioyne with Castile in whose defence and preseruation he employed himself faithfully against the two others so as D. Alphonso the Noble had by this support meanes to stay the furie of his enemies and to keepe his countrie and fronter townes During these quarrels amongst Princes Castille the Clergy was not idle for the same yeere D. Rederigo Bishop of Calaorra desirous to see the church of Saint Dominike de la Calsada which Temple he had caused to be built made an Episcopalsea Dissention among the Ciergie would needs place Chanoins there which caused great troubles for this seemed an attempt against father Lopes Abbot of the Monastery of Saint Mary the royal of Nagera who pretended to be Bishop of Nagera On the other side D. Roderigo maintained that there was no other Bishop hauing iurisdiction at Nagera but hee of Calaorra The contention was great and drew neere vnto a scandale but the King did so imbrace the cause as information beeing made of the Abbots life and manners hee was depriued by the Kings sentence from all Ecclesiasticall gouernment and banished the realme of Castille this the King did by the aduice of the Bishops which held against the Abbot who being dislodged was soone after followed by all the Monkes whom the Bishop Roderigo chased away not onely aspiring to the Episcopal title of Nagera which was in this Monastery but also to that which did belong vnto the Abbay who in steed of Monkes placed Chanoins at Saint Mary the royal but the King disliking the violent course of this Prelat restored the Monkes to their Monastery and the Chanonis were remooued to the church of Saint Dominike which was a signe of the future translation of the Episcopal sea of Nagera thether which was the marke whereat the Bishop of Calaorra aymed but it was not so soone effected remayning onely for the present a Colledge of Chanoins for the which the Abbot and Monkes of Nagera commenced sute against the Bishop of Calaorra the which continued long 28 King D. Alphonso being troubled by the Christians armed and disarmed both secular and Clergie An. 1197. was also assailed in the yeere 1197. by the Miralmunim Aben Ioseph who came and laied siege to Toledo causing his horsemen Moores to runne as farre as Madrid and Ahala de Henares who ouer running the country spoiled Ocagna Vcles and Cuenca destroying all they found without the walles of townes and forts but at that time the Arabians made other purchase Moores spoile Toledo and Castille for seeing the strength of the city and beeing aduertised of the great garrison and many Inhabitants which were within it they returned into Andalusia by Alcaras carrying with them an incredible number of Christians of cattaile and other spoiles wherefore King D. Alphonso seeing himselfe freed from this daunger resolued to imploy the Souldiars which hee had gathered together and the alliance which hee had with D. Pedro King of Arragon to bee reuenged of the Kings of Nauarre and Leon who had spoiled his country during the troubles and calamiries which he suffred by the Moores Hee therefore led his army first into the territories of Leon D. Alphonso King of Castille in âaâes Leon and Nauarre where hee tooke Bolanos Castrouerde Valence and Carpio he put many Leonois to the sword and repulsed the Moores their allies who came to succor them Hauing punished him hee turned against Nauarre but he was forced to leaue that enterprise to make head against the Miralmunim Aben Iosephe who aduanced againe towards Toledo with greater forces then before making shew to besiege that city yet he past by Magueda where hee did the like but finding those places very strong and well fortefied hee turned to Saint Olalla the which hee tooke and razed hee attempted Talauera in vaine and past into the territory of La Vera where he tooke Plaisance then beyoud Tayo hee tooke Saint Croix Montanges and Trugillo Hauing made this spoile and committed horrible cruelties hee returned very rich with his army into Andalusia An. 1198. in the yeere 1198. which was the greatest persecution which the Christians of Toledo and other places aboue mentioned did euer suffer since the entry of the Arabians into Spaine the which grew by the warre which D. Martin Archbishop of Toledo had made in Andalusia wherein it may bee God would make it knowne that hee tooke no pleasure to haue the Pastors of the church play the captains and conductors of armies for the which notwithstanding D. Martin and his Predecessor Iean are much commended by the Spaniards which haue written the History of that age The Kings of Castille and Arragon Leon. hauing not yet forces sufficient to resist so mighty an army as that of Aben Ioseph kept themselues in the mountaines of Palomera about Auila from whence they returned against the King of Leon hearing that the Moores were dislodged from whom they tooke Alba de Liste and al that was in the way vnto Astroga the which hauing ruined they came laied siege to Salamanca but they tooke it not only they spoiled and burned the country about it and that of Alba de Tormes carrying away the people and leauing it desolate in the end they tooke Montreal and returned victors finding not any one to make head against them And such was the desire of King D. Alphonso to bee reuenged of the Kings of Nauarre and Leon as the better to effect his will hee neglected the iniuries and spoiles hee had receiued from the Miralmunim and made a truce with him whereby hee gaue meanes to this King of the Moores to commit horrible cruelties in Portugal in the yeere of our Lord 1199. An. 1199. This Realme of Portugal was at that time visited with many afflictions Portugal for besides the spoiles committed by the Moores there was an extreame famine with a great plague whereof many died for hunger and many left their country especially in the country of Braga and Porto besides the Pope did interdict the whole Realme of Portugal for the marriage of D. Theresa with the King of Leon her kinsman the which was concluded without his dispensation The Moores spoile portugal and therefore he would dissolue it Aben Ioseph hauing made a truce with the King of Castille marched towards Portugal where hee recouered Sylues in Algarbe and Alcaçar de Sal he ruined Cezimbra and Palmela with other places burning and spoyling all the champian country
the spoile where-of was giuen to the soldiars the honor of the taking of Vbeda is giuen to D. Lope Ferencio de Luna an Arragonois as they went on stil conquering vpon this sect of Mahumetists it pleased God to stay the Christians army for it began to be ful of diseases the which in the end were contagious wherfore these kings were forced to returne with their campe and re-passing the mountaine or Sierra Morena by the same mount of Muradal they came to Calatraua where they found the Duke of Austria whose name was Thiband sonne to Leopold who beeing desirous to bee at this bartell was come into Spaine with two hundred Knights but it was too late wherfore he returned into Germany by Arragon there the Kings parted with great shewes of loue He of Arragon meaning to entertaine the peace with Don Sancho of Nauarre with all sinceritie he restored vnto him fourteene castels and places of Strength which he had taken from him The King D. Alphonso beeing come to Toledo where hee was receiued with great triumph by the Arch-bishop Don Roderigo it was ordained that from that time the memorie of that great victorie obtained against the Moores Feas of Triumphus crucis in Spaine a monument of the victorie of Muradal in the playnes of Tholousa should be euery yeare celebrated on the sixteenth day of Iuly vnder the title of Triumphus crucis the which is obserued at this day especially at Toledo whereas they hang vp and display that day in the great Church many Guidons Ensignes and Standards of the Moores which had beene taken then or others which do represent them The chiefe men which did accompany the King in this battaile were Don Roderigo Ximenes Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primate of Spaine Don Roderigo of Siguença D. Tello of Palença D. Mendo of Osma D. Pedro of Auila D. Domingo of Plaisance all Bishoppes with other Prelates all which did serue either for counsell or for armes D. Pedro Arias or Aua Master of the Order of Saint Iames D. Roderigo Diaz master of the Galatraua D. Gomes Ramires Prior of the Templers D. Guttiere or Iohn Gelmirido Prior of S. Iohn with many Commanders and Knights of their Orders Of Secular men D. Diego Lopes de Haro and his eldest sonne D. Lope Diaz de Haro of whom it is written that hauing some feeling for that his father had absented himselfe out of Castile after that he had fought at Estella against the king D. Alphonso and also for that the losse of the battaile of Alarcos was imputed vnto him he came and cast himselfe at his feet a little before the battel beseeching him to carry himselfe so well according to the hope which hee had of him that he might not be hereafter called the sonne of a traytor where with the father beeing incensed sayed vnto him It is more to be feared thou wilt be called the son of a whore for no man will call thee the fonne of a traytor which answer the father made vnto the sonne as the Earle D. Pedro sonne to D. Denis king of Portugal writes in his booke of the Genealogies of Spaine for that the mother of Don Lope Diaz a woman of a weake brayne beeing fallen in loue with a man of Burgos which they say had beene a blacke-smith or Lock-smith went out of Spain and wandred through the world with this man in a disguised habit With D. Diego Lopes was also D. Pero Diaz his other sonne D. Sancho Fernandes de Canamero D. Martin Nugnes de Hinojoça and Don Inigo de Mendosa kinsmen or allyed to the house of Haro moreouer the Earles D. Fernand de Lara D. Aluar Nugnes de Lara Don Gonçalo Nugnes D. Lope Diaz de los Cameros Ruy Diaz de los Camerâs and his brother Don Aluar Diaz Don Pedro Aria of Toledo Gonies Peres the Afturien D. Garcia Ordognes Iohn Gonçalo of Vzero D. Gonçalo Gomes D. Gomes Manriques D. Gil Manriques D. Alphonso Telles de Meneses and his brethren Fernand and Ruy Garcia D. Roderigo Peres d' Auila William Ginez D. Willyam Peâes and his brethren Nugno Peres de Gusman Gonçalo âuanes of Quintana who was afterward master of the Calatraua Don Iohn Gonçales and Don Gonçalo Ruis and his brethren Don Ruy Peres of Villalobos Suero Tellez Don Fernand Garcia and many others of the Realmes of Castile and Toledo Those which accorrpanied Don Pedro king of Arragon of greatest Nobilitie were Don Garcia Frontin Bishop of Tarassone and Don Berenger elect of Barcelone with other Clergie men and of Knights Don Garcia Romeu Standard bearer royal or Arragon Don Kimen Cornel Aznar Pardo Don Willyam of Peralta Don Michel of Luezca D. Sancho Earle of Rossillon vncle to the King and Don Nugno Sanches his son Don Lope Ferrench de Luna Arnaud of Alascon or Artal of Alagon William Aguillon of Tarragona Don VVillyam of Ceruera Berenger of Petra Mola Don VVilliam of Catdona Raymond Poulcques Earle of Ampurias Don Pedro Ahones Don Roderige of Liçana Don Pedro Maça Don Artorella and Don Artal de Foees The Arch-bishop of Bourdeaux came out of France and the Bishop of Nantes from Briitanie D. Rerald Arch-bishop of Narbone and Thibaud of Blazon Bishop of Poicton issued out of Castile These were many Noblemen and valiant Knights out of Leon and Portugal Don Alphonso of king of Castile did reward the Nobilitie of his countrie with honours and liuings according to euery mans degree As for Aben Mahomad King of the Moores Almohades aster this notable losse he cared no more for the affaires of Spaine but passed sodenly into Affricke fearing that the brute of his defeate would breed some innouation in his kingdom of Maroc beeing not yet so well assured but there remayned some feeling of the Almorauides gouernement wherefore knowing how much a route or losse of a battaile may preiudice the reputation of a King with a nation that is desirous of change as the Arabians he poasted speedily into Affricke to preuent it 36 D. Sancho king of Portugall Portugal Death of Don Sancho king of Portugal whilest these things past betwixt the Christian Princes and the Moores died in his kingdome the which he had held 27. yeares beeing 58. yeares old more broken with trauell then with age a wise and well aduised Prince but much crost with aduersities notwithstanding he gathered together great treasures and therefore is somewhat taxed of couetousnesse which is the greatest cause of the ruine and dishonour of kings They write that he had at the time of his death in the castell of Lisbone and in the Monasterie of Alcabaça Saint Croix of Coimbra and other places where his treasure lay abouee 500000. Markes of gold it may be they should say Marauidis of gold and a thousand foure hundred markes in siluer coyned besides many other Iewels and yet his expence was great Drawing neere his end hee disposed thereof giuing by his testament vnto his eldest sonne 200000. Marauidis of gold and to
but sixe leagues from Seuile resolued to yeeld themselues to King Fernand supposing that if they did protract it any longer they were vndone The city being enuironed and al passages stopt so as there could no victuals enter they were daily in fight both by land and sea where the Moores were most annoyed and therefore they had a great desire to burne the nauy but they found good resistance Hee amongst the commanders which did most feats of armes was D. Pelayo Perez Correa maister of the Order of Saint Iames and of the Knights Garcia Perez de Vargas of Toledo Whilst they were busie about this siege of Seuile the Infant D. Alphonso of Castille was in the realme of Murcia where he sought to take the towne of Xatiua which is not farre from Valencia hauing already seized vpon Enguerra but the King D. Iaime his father in law crossed his conquests saying that the attempted vpon his right for that Xatiua and other neighbour places belonged vnto him according to the last lymitation And for that the Infant D. Alphonso did not retire his forces the King of Arragon tooke Villena and Saix in the country of Castille the which were held by the knights of Calatraua and from the Moores he tooke Capdetes and Burgarra places belonging to the conquest of Castille These differences being like to cause greater troubles some great personages interposed themselues procuring the father in law and the sonne to meet at Almizra where they reconciled them yet the King of Arragon shewed himselfe very strict against D. Alphonso refusing to giue him leaue to conquer Xatiua the which hee promised to hold in doury to his wife Yoland There they did assigne the lands which should belong to either Realme Conâânes of Mârcia and Valence appointing for the fronter to Murcia against Valencia Almança Sarazul and the riuer Cabriuol and to Valencia Castralla Biar Saxona Alarch Finestrat Torres Polop La Meâle lez d' Aquas and Altea with their confines The mediators of this accord were the maister of Saint Iames the Prior of the Templers and D. Diego Lopes de Haro who returned with the Infant D. Alphonso of Castille and all their troupes to the campe before Seuile where the King of Granado arriued also wel accompanied and there were some succors sent from the King of Arragon at this siege there were great and dayly skyrmishes especially about a bridge of boates which was betwixt the city and the Bourg of Triana vpon the riuer of Guadaâquibir the which in the end was broken by the Christians hauing taken the oportunity of a great and violent winde in the which they let slippe two great boates the which came with such violence as they brake the bonds wherewith the bridge was tied the which did wonderfully amaze the Moores This great city was so straightly besieged as they began to want victuals and therefore doubting they should not be able to defend it long they demanded a composition the which was granted them vpon these conditions That the city should be deliuered vnto the King D. Fernand and that all the Moores that would should depart with their goods to whom there was left for a retreat the townes of Saint Lucar Aznalfarache and Niebla Seuile yeelded to King Fernand and for that they should haue time to depart the King nor his garrisons should not enter but a month after the making of this accord and in the mean time the fort or castle of the city should be deliuered vnto the King According to these Articles there went out of Seuile aboue a 100000. Moores of all ages and sexes which past into Affrike besides such as remained in Andalusia and Granado Thus the King D. Fernand got this goodly great city in the yeere 1248. hauing continued his siege sixteene monthes An. 1248. it was not commanded by any King but only by a Gouernor called Axataf The first thing the King did was to prouide for matters of religion He went in a âollemne procession to the great Mesguide the which was clensed and hallowed and a Masse song by D. Guttiere elect Archbishop of Toledo successor to D. Iohn deceased D. Raymond Lozana was chosen Archbishop of that church the king resoluing to enrich it with great reuenues like vnto the rest The greatest personages which were at this siege with the king D. Fernand were his children D. Alphonso D. Frederic and D. Henry D. Guttiere Archbishop of Toledo hee of Saint Iames called D. Iohn Arias D. Garcia Bishop of Cordoua D. Sancho bishop of Coria with other Prelats and Clergy men as D. Pelayo Peres Correa the foureteenthmaister of the Knights of Saint Iames D. Gonçalo Ybanes of Quintana the fifteenth maister of Calatraua the maister of the Alcantara the Priors of the Templers and of Saint Iohn with a great number of their Knights Of secular Noblemen there were D. Diego Lopes de Haro Lord of Biscay D. Pedro Nugnes de Gusman D. Gonçalo Gonçales of Galicia D. Pedro Ponce of Leon D. Ruy Gonçales Giron Artas Gonçales Quixada D. Alphonso Telles de Meneses D. Gomes Ruis de Mançanedo D. Roderigo Aluares of Toledo D. Roderigo Froles Fernand Yanes Ruy Gonçales first Alcayde or captaine of Carmona Garcia Peres de Vargas of Toledo D. Laurence Suarez and Diego Martines Adalid all these were in the Land army In that at sea was Rayâond Boniface Admiral with many knights and Squiers of Biscay and Cuipuscoa with whom there ioyned many marriners and souldiers Basques from about Bayonne in France al that had done the King any seruice in this warre were rewarded according to their merits and callings much land and many houses were giuen to the Nobility wherein the Clergy was not forgotten And for that the city was vnpeopled the King inuited people from all parts with guifts preuiledges and great immunities so as it was soone full of inhabitants Soone after this prize the King sent part of his victorious army against some places of strength thereabouts the which were made subiect vnto him some by force and some by a voluntary composition as Medina Sidonia Alcala Bejel Alpechin Aznalfarache Arcos Lebrixa and others towards the sea By this conquest the King D. Fernand was free from all warre behinde the limits of his Prouince for hee ment to entertaine peace and friendship with King Mahomad of Granado who had alwaies carried himselfe faithfully towards him wherefore he began now to conceiue in his imagination the conquest of all Affrike and resolued to passe the Straights in the spring with a great army against Caid Arrax Miralmumin of Maroc Death of D. Fernand King of Castille but death preuented him in the city of Seuile newly conquered in the yeere 1252. hauing raigned in Castille about fiue and thirtie yeeres and in Leon one and twenty There were present at his death his sons D. Alphonso D. Frederic and D. Henry D. Alphonso Lord of Molina the deceased Kings brother and the Archbishop Raymond Hee
her sonnes preiudice This election of Arbitratours signified to the King of Portugall and accepted by him hee went to Tarrassone in Arragon passing by Medina del Campo from whence the King Don Fernand did accompany him vnto Soria To Tarassone there also came the King of Arragon Don Iohn and the Bishop of Sarragossa who imployed themselues to examine the rights and pretensions of the parties whilest that the King Don Fernand and the Queene his Mother attended their sentence in Agreda In regard of the Realme of Murcia the King of Portugall Don Iohn and the Bishop did pronounce That the riuer of Segura should make the separation betwixt the Lands of Murcia and Valencia so as that which is to the South of Murcia should be of the Iurisdiction of Don Fernand and from the sayd riuer towards Valencia should belong to the King of Arragon so as Don Iames did not onely get the towne of Alicante which hee had demanded but also many other places As for the differences betwixt the king Don Fernand and Don Alphonso de la Cerde which were greater for the Don Alphonso pretended the whole Relame of Castile to belong lawfully vnto him it was iudged and arbitrated by the kings of Arragon and Portugall That for the right and interest which the sayd Don Alphonso pretended by an arbitrarie sentence pronounced vppon the pretension of Don Alphonso de la Cerde the king Don Fernand should giue and surrender vnto him the places which follow Alba de Tormes Bejar Val de Corneja Gibraleon Gargantalaolla Torremenga Passaron el Reall de Mancanares Algaua Mont de la Grede de Magan the Towne of Sarria with the appurtenances thereunto adjacent Monçon Lemos Robayna Aliadra Almonia Canall and la Barka Estercolina Torre Blanca Rodo Eledia Hornacuelos las Hazennas of Corduba the Royall right and inheritance of Bonilla with the appurtenances thereunto belonging Colmenar of Sepulueda and Aldea maior with Sal de Campos Vencos Gaton Ferran Moliellas the Salt-pits of Rubio Belbimbre Castro Caluon the Port of Vizagra of the Cittie of Toledo and the Martinengas of Madrid and of Medina del campo All these fore-mentioned places were adiudged and giuen by the Arbitrators to the Infant Don Alphonso into the possession whereof hee should without any opposed contradiction bee actually put and inuested by the king Don Fernand by our Lady day otherwise called the Natiuitie of the blessed Virgin Mary in September following and in consideration thereof the Infant Don Alphonso should no more intitle himselfe king of Castile and Leon nor carrie the armes quartered of Castile and Leon as hee had done before and continued it to that present day and hee should deliuer vp and surrender vnto the king Don Fernand the Towne of Almaçan with the appurtenances adiacent and some other places which hee had taken during the warre This arbitrarie sentence was giuen and pronounced by the Arbitrators in the yeare one thousand three hundred and foure whereunto were added and annexed great penalties and forfeitures to the partie that should infringe or violate the same at the which were present Don Raymond Bishops of Valencia Don Martin Bishop of Lisbon the Bishop of Huesca and the Bishop of Cordoua Don Iohn Osorio Master of the knights of Saint Iames Iohn Ximen Diego Gonçales Secretarie of Tarassone Gonçalo Gonçales Raymond Altar of Aguilar Pero Lopes of Padilla Fernand Guttieres of Quixada Gonçalo Diaz de Cauallos Lope Garcia of Hermosilla Martin Fernandes Porto Carrero Alphonso Perez of Saauedra Sancho Ruis of Escalante moreouer there were also present at that time Velasco Peres of Leyua Stephen Peres of Auila Lope Peres of Burgos with many other Noblemen and Knights and it was written and signed by Andrew Perez of Corbera publike Notarie of Tarrassone In this last sentence D. Iohn was no Iudge but Agent and Atturney for the king D. Fernand in whose name hee yeelded As for the Infant D. Alphonso what shew soeuer he made he was nothing pleased as it will appeare by the euent The kings hauing beene some daies together as well at Tarassone as at Agreda parted good friends These matters beeing ended they resolued to determine the controuersie betwixt the Infant D. Iohn and Don Diego Lopes de Haro to which end D. Diego was cited to come to Court which was then at Medina del Campo to answer to the demands of Don Iohn and of his wife D. Maria Diaz de Haro heire proprietarie of Biscay D. Diego would not plead in the Court of Leon but he appeared in that of Castile which gaue ninty dayes respite to the defender notwithstanding if he let the thirtieth day passe and did not present himselfe or giue a lawfull excuse they might seaze vpon their sheepe oxen cowes and swine and eate them tying the feete against the walles and trees in signe of the demanders possession Don Diego appeared and pleaded for his defence that considering the accords and transactions made heretofore betwixt him Don Iohn and Donna Maria his wife by the which they had yeelded vnto him the possession of the Segneurie of Biscay in regard of the recompences which they had receiued wherewith they were contented and had sworne and confirmed it by oath they were now fallen from all the right they could pretend to the sayd Segneurie and the dependances The cause beeing pleaded of either side with allegations of maine reason they were referred to councell and in the meane time the Queene D. Maria foreseeing some new trouble laboured by all meanes to accord them or to vndergo an arbitrarie and friendly sentence but Don Diego Lopes would not yeeld thereunto but departed without the King or Queenes priuitie and returned into Biscay the which was very ill taken The assembly beeing ended the king came to Vailedolit Sentence giuen by the king against D. Diego Lopes de Haro where he was so importuned by the Infant Don Iohn as he pronounced sentence by the aduice of his Councel contayning That D. Iohn and his wife Donna Maria Diaz should be put in possession of Biscay yet he did suspend the execution of the sentence thinking that Don Diego would grow thereby more tractable but he was resolued to hold his Segneurie so the king seeing his obstinacie would haue dismembred the country of Guipuscoa from his Crowne to giue it to his vncle in recompence wherunto he yeelded to end all quarrels but D. Maria Diaz de Haro beeing obstinate sayd resolutely that she demanded nothing of another mans and that she would neuer quitte her fathers inheritance no not if they would giue her ten times as much as the Segneury of Biscay was worth These poursuites did so trouble and disturbe euery man and euen Don Iohn himselfe as they all thought it fit and conuenient the King so commanding to surcease the processe for two yeares during the which the parties should haue truce and not attempt any thing one against another And for that the great loue and friendship
Segobia in the beginning of the yeare 1355. and from thence to Burgos 1355. where hee called a generall assembly of the Estates in the which hee complayned greatly of the Queene his mother and of the Princes and Noblemen confederates saying that they had detayned him prisoner in the city of Toro and had forced him to do many things against his will and dignitie demanding mony from his subiects that hee might make war against them and punish them according to their merits the which he obtained After the end of the Estates he came to Medina del campo where he caused to bee slaine in his owne lodging one day in the holy weeke Murthers commited by Don ãâã king of Castile Peter Ruis of Villega Gouernor generall of he frontier of Castile and Sancho Ruis of Rojas and caused many to be put in prison Returning to Toro he had an incounter with Don Henries men who went to ioyne with Don Frederic his brother at Talauera from whence they after marched to Toledo and had meanes to enter although their comming was not pleasing to all the Cittizens beeing the meanes to draw a warre uppon them as it happened for that the king followed them soone after and entred as it were by force constrayning them to depart This was a meanes for him to haue the Queene his wife in his power who was poorely defended by the diuided Toledains so as shee was sent to the castle of Siguença The king caused about foure and twenty Burgesses to be executed in the cittie by Iustice who had taken the Queenes part too openly among the which a Gold-smith about 80. years old beeing condemned and ready to be executed Cruel executions the city of Toledo his soone a young man of eighteen yeares of age presented himselfe who mooued with pietie and a filiall loue besought the king to do him the grace not to suffer his father to end the dayes of his old age after that manner offering to suffer death for him The king who had no royall part in him accepted the condition and caused this young innocent man to be executed who in regard of his pietie did merit to saue his fathers life and to liue himselfe with honour and reward due to so great vertue the name of this yong man through the negligence of Writers is supprest Piety of a son ill rewarded by D. Pedro. After these dishonorable exploites the king went to Cuenca which held for Queene Blanche but he could not take it whereupon he marched against Toro and brought all the warre into the territories of Leon and Biscay where his men were twise defeated by D. Tello and Iohn of Abendagno with the death and imprisonment of many The K being before Toro he had newes of the death of Don Iohn Garcia of Padilla brother to Donna Maria his mistris being chosen master of S. Iames against his brother Don Frederic whereat he was much grieued During this heauines there came vnto the campe William Bishop of Bolonia Cardinall of Saint Marie in Cosmedin Legate to Pope Innocent the sixth beeing sent to pacifie the troubles of Castile and to reconcile the King and Queene but he lost his labor and obtayed nothing of him but that hee procured the deliuerance of Peter Barroso a Doctor of the Lawes and bishop of Siguença who was prisoner for that he had held the Queenes party The king wrought so partly by force and partly by parlees and promises he as hee was suffered to enter into Toro vppon condition that hee should not kill any man the which he promised and kept according to his faith for he was no sooner entred but he caused to be slaine within the castell in the presence of the Queene his mother Peter Stephen Carpinter Master of Calatraua Ruis Gonçales of Castagneda Martin Alphonso Tello and Alphonso Telles the which Queene Mary did so abhorre as shee swounded and was in danger of death and soone after not able to endure the sight of her sons cruelties Queen mother vnchast she demanded leaue to retire into Portugall to her father king D. Alphonso who caused her to be slayne soone after for that shee liued vnchast with Don Martin Telles The King Don Pedro did also cause to be slaine in Toro Gomes Manriques of Orihuela Diego Perez of Godoy Alphonso Gomes great Commander of Calatraua and many others The knights which defended the towne of Cuenca hearing of these bloudie executions left Castile and retired into Arragon others which held other places distrusting their strength abandoned them and past into France wherefore the king thinking himselfe now in a manner a conqueror transported with a tyrannous hatred against the Nobility of his Realme yea against his owne bloud he resolued to roote them out one after another not trusting in any one of them Hauing beseeged Palençcuela he watched an oportunity to kill the two Infants of Arragon his cousins Don Frederic his brother who was partly reconciled and Don Iohn de la Cerde but by reason of the absence of Doth Tello his brother whom he would catch in the same net he deferred it and the better to surprize him he made shew to pardon him and Don Iohn of Abendagno also and to remit all that was past This Don Iohn of Abendagno was one of the chiefe Knights of Biscay and without whose aduise Don Tello Lord of Biscay did not any thing Notwithstanding as the fauours of great men are vncertaine and wauering Don Tello enuying him for that he was rich D. Tello Lord of Biscay causeth D. Iohn of Abendagno to be murthered and welbeloued in the countrie caused him to bee slaine awhile after in the towne of Bilbora Palençuela being taken by composition the king Don Pedro made a tourney at Tordesillas whree he had resolued to murther Don Frederic his brother and others notwithstanding hauing by the same treason caused two other Knights to bee slaine the one of Toledo the other of Vailledolit he thought it sufficient for this time and deferred this execution vntill another oportunitie Don Henry who was in the Asturia's seeing that all were brought vnder and reconciled vnto the king he demanded leaue afarre off and obtained it for hee would not trust the king but vpon good termes and went to serue the French king Passing by the mountains of Asturia he escaped many ambushes which the king had layd for him notwithstanding his assurance giuen but he was ordayned to better fortune wherefore beeing come into Biscay and hauing there conferred with Don Tello his brother hee imbarked and landed at Rochel from whence he went to Paris to King Iohn then raigning who receiued him and honoured him much The king of Arragon was aduertised of all these troubles and alterations beeing then resident at Perpignan for the which he was not sorie At that time there raigned three bad kings in Spaine this Don Pedro king of Castile Don Pedro of Arragon and Don Charles of Nauarre violent Princes
marauidis for the exactions and concussions done vppon his people and the kings money keeping them two moneths in the castle of Burgos vntill the full payment and execution of these things If he were moderate in this act of iustice Executions ãâã Seuile hee vsed greater rigour at Seuile where all was full of partialities proceeding from the diuisions and quarrels which his tutor had bred which the Magistrates and kings officers could not suppresse Being declared of full age he went thither and caused the Earle of Niebla Peter Ponce of Leon and other heads and chief authors of these seditions to be put in prison and hauing examined euery mans actions he banished some others he condemned in great fynes and losse of their offices and caused many to be hanged or lose their heads so as there were aboue a thousand persons intangled in these punishments and executions of iustice one of the chiefe ministers whereof was Doctor Iohn Alphonso of Toro to whom the gouernement of Seuile was giuen for matters of iustice and the more to countenance him the king stayed there many daies This king gaue many other testimonies of his loue to iustice he gaue audience to all sutors indifferently three dayes in the weeke he heard all the complaints of his subiects and prouided for them he could discerne of men of iudgement which were fit for councell and the gouernment of the commonwealth The most esteemed and of greatest authoritie about him were Don Pedro Tenorio Arch-bishop of Toledo Friar Iohn Henriques and Friar Fernando of Illesca with the Cardinall D. Pedro of Frias Bishop of Osma and these for the Clergie Elâetion of ãâã men to ãâã great aff ââres of Knights he made great esteeme of Don Laurence Suarez of Figueroa Master of Saint Iames Gonçales Nugnes of Guzman Master of Calatraua Diego Hurtado of Mendoça high Admirall of Castile Ruy Lopes of Aualos his Lord Chamberlaine and afterwards Constable Diego Lopes of Estuniga chiefe Iutice Peter Lopes of Ayala a knight of great learning who came to be Lord Chancelour Iohn Velasco a Chamberlaine and other knights of his Councell which consisted of sixteene graue personages Among others that were very deare vnto him there was a Doctor a Iew by sect borne at Burgos who afterwards imbraced the Christian Religion called Don Pablo who for his learning and good life Doctor Pablo a Iew learned and of a good life was in time chosen Bishop of Carthagena and in the end obtained the Bishopricke of Burgos He had many times oppugned the Christian Religion as a Iew Rabin and Master in the Iewish Law but hauing receiued in gift of a Christian Doctor the booke of Saint Thomas Aquinas intituled de Legibus he read it diligently and was so mooued with the reasons thereof as he left his Iewish religion the which is not strange say the Diuines of Spaine for he that knowes not Saint Thomas knoweth not any thing and he that knoweth him knowes all things This Prelate who was a great Preacher a great Philosopher wise and iudicious in matters of State and of the kings Councell wrate many bookes whereof some are yet extant Beeing a Iew he was married Doctor Pablos children all learned and had three soones all learned men whereof the one was Deane of Segobia and succeeded his father in the Bishoppricke of Burgos he was called Don Alphonso of Carthagena from whome we haue the genealogie of the kings of Castile written in Latine Don Gonçalo another sonne of D. Pablos was Bishop of Palença a Prelat of great learning and the third was Aluar Garcia of S. Maria a learned man also D. Pablo their father beeing of the King Don Henries Councell notwithstanding that he had bin a Iew did aduise him and his successors Counsel of a Iew against Iewes not to receiue into their seruice either of his housholds Councell or to any Offices of the Realm any Iew although he were conuerted and that for some speciall causes The King Don Henry being endowed with these good qualities beyond the Ordinary of young Princes had also some blemishes like other mortall men for hee was noted to be sparing and desirous to heape vp treasure and yet they say that it was without the oppression of his subiects the which is hard in a Prince yet hee gaue many prouisions and pensions to them that were neere to him in bloud or allyed to him by affinitie as to the Queene D. Beatrix his mother-in-law whome he maintained in the estate of a Queene and to Don Fernand his brother who shewed himselfe alwaies obedient to his will His countries beeing in peace he gaue himselfe to repaire and fortifie the fronter places and did build a new the castle of Carthagena As for religious buildings the church and conuent of the Carthusians at Burgos called Mirefleurs are his worke he was a great fauorer of the Franciscans to whome Queene Katherine his wife had a particular deuotion who was a Ladie of great pietie according to the instruction of that time bountifull maiesticall wife and discreet in her words yet superfluous in her manner of liuing and louing wine whereby in her latter dayes she fell into a palsey The Kings infirmities which began at the age of seuenteene yeares did in time so vndermine him being incurable as he became drie and leane so as the proportion of his body was changed and he seemed another man then formerly he had beene moreouer he was so sad and melancholicke as most commonly he was alone and would not admit of any company Yet he was alwaies carefull of the gouernement of the Realme He alwaies entertayned Ambassadours in Princes Courts as well Christians as Mahumetists by whom he was aduertised what was done in forraine countries their manners and manner of gouernements a thing most profitable for him that sends them Ambassadors discourer the councels and actions of Princes but not for them that receiue them for by Ambassadors which are resident the Councels and actions of Princes are discouered to the great preiudice of their estates Two of his Ambassadors sent into the East the which wee Pelayo of Soto maior and Fernando Pelasuel fell into the hands of Tamberlaine Emperor of the Tartarians after the defeate of Baiazet who intreated then graciously and sent them backe into Spaine with an Ambassador of his to demand friendship of king Henry During his raigne in the yeare 1397 the order to the Knights of the Calatraua in steed of a blacke hood which they had worne vntill that time Red crosse the marke of the Order of Calatraua tooke for their marke a red square crosse which they carry at this day the which was done by the Bull of Pope Benedict of Auignon at the instance of Don Gonçal Nugnes of Guzman maister of the Calatraua The realme of Castille being at peace with all men it was ingaged in new troubles by Don Iohn King of Portugall for that the Articles of the truce concluded
of Castile attempts to deceiue the Barcelonois and king Iohn Ekewise and hope to deale in such sort as the Realme of Nauarre or a great part thereof should by the treaty of peace fall to the crowne of Castile To giue a certaine forme wherevnto they sent word to King Iohn and to the Earle of Foix to send vnto them certaine French captaines of those which were in Cattalogna to conferre about meanes of agreement with the King of Castile and they vsed other practizes to giue the French a distast of that warre seeking their owne profit vnder collour of making an agreement betweene the King of Arragon and his subiects whilest the broiles continued in Cattalogna the Earle of Pallars and the Lord of Cruillas with a great number of souldiars hauing againe beseeged Girona were ouerthrowne and put to flight by Peter of Roquabertin Gouernor of the City The French refused to fight with the Castillians and they lost many of their people with their baggage The French marching towards Morella brought diuers places on the coast of Vrgel vnder the Kings obedience but meeting neere Ixar with the Castillians hauing good meanes to charge them it is said that they gaue them to vnderstand that in regard of the friendship and perpetuall confederacy betweene the Kings of France and Castile they would couch their Launces against the Castillian standard and thereof they excused themselues to the King of Arragon saying that they were so commaunded to doe and therefore besought him to take in good part if they went about to appease the differences betwixt them The King of Arragon fashioning himselfe to their aduice and hauing great hope in the good iudgement of the French king in those businesses hee did consent that one of the French captaines should passe into Castile to the towne of Mountagu where king Henry should meete to conferre with him about fit meanes to compose all those differences the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena brought the king thither vnder collour of hunting and it was agreed vpon that the French king should be entreated to send an Ambassador into Castile to cause the warre to cease The captaine being returned related to the king of Arragon and to his sonne in law the Earle of Foix what hee had concluded with the King of Castile and at their entreaty the French King Lewis the eleuenth sent an Ambassadour to the King of Castile who found the Court at Almaçan and hauing had audience a day was taken for the enterview of the three Kings of France Castile and Arragon vpon the frontiers betweene Fontarabie and Saint Iohn de Luz and in the meane time there was a cessation from armes on all sides the Cattelans were excluded from this accord remayning doubtfull betwixt hope and feare attending the issue of that enterview The King Don Iohn allowing all these things came to Saragossa with intent to meet at the day appointed for the Kings enterview The Earle of Foix the presumptiue heire of Nauarre in the right of his wife went thither being very honourably receiued especially of the Beaumonts faction Now the time of the enterview being come the King of Arragon for diuers reasons could not or would not appeare relying in the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena with the King of Castile and vpon his sonne in law Gaston of Foix who knew very well how to maintaine his honour and to increase his profit with the French King About the end of March in the yeere 1463. the King Don Henry arriued at Saint Sebastians in the Prouince of Guipuscoa and king Lewis came the same time to Bayonne vnto whom were sent as Ambassadours from the king of Castile the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena with Aluar Gomes of Ciudad-reall his principall secretary they hauing so councelled him to the end to treate with him about the agreement and pacification of the troubles betweene the kings of Castile and Arragon The Marquis of Villena becommeth pentionâr to the King the vncle and Nephew and betweene the king of Arragon and the Cattelans his subiects It is reported that the Marquis of Villena made an agreement with the French king being by him recompenced with a yeerely pention of twelue thousand crownes Matters beeing then thus handled by them king Lewis as Iudge and arbitrator betweene both parties set downe his sentence in this manner That King Henry of Castile should wholy abstaine from medling in the businesse of the Cattellans that within twenty daies hee should call all his souldiars out of Cattalonia and that for the expences which hee had beene at in the same warre the King of Arragon should giue vnto him the towne of Estella with all the demaines belonging therevnto which is one of the fiue members of the Kingdome of Nauarre with a certaine summe of doublons of gold all which he should be bound to performe within sixe monthes in which meane time Queene Ioane of Arragon should bee held as ostage in the towne of Larraga vnder the safe keeping of the Archbishop of Toledo That the Cattelans should become obedient to their King vnto whom a generall pardon should bee graunted of all that was past for assurance whereof King Iohn should giue them sufficient ostages This sentence hurtfull to the Kingdome of Nauarre odious to the Cattelans and little to the King of Castiles honour was allowed of and receiued by the three Ambassadors aboue named who wrote to King Henry aduising him to set forward with his Court and traine to Fontaraby and at that instant the Marquis of Villena arriued bringing along with him the Earle of Comminges Admirall of France who came from the King his Maister to entreate the King of Castile that they might see one an other vpon French ground the which they had before concluded vpon at Bayonne King Lewis beeing come to Saint Iohn de Luz Enterview of King Lewis the eleuenth and King Henry the fourth of Castile at Endayâ the two Kings met at the riuer of Vidaso which in that place parteth both the Kingdomes the which riuer as the Spaniards say which all that which the flowing of the sea couers belongs to Spaine King Henry with diuerse great Lords and Knights beeing in diuerse boates did passe the riuer amongst whom were Don Pero Gonçales of Mendoza Bishop of Calaorra Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena Don Gomes of Caceres Maister of Alcantara Don Iohn of Valençuela Prior of Saint Iohns Don Lewis de Acugna Bishop of Burgos Don Bertrand de la Cueua Earle of Ledesma with others verie brauely and richlie appointed The French King and his Courtiers beeing meanly cloathed were by the Spaniards derided and scorned These two great Princes hauing louingly saluted and imbrased one an other vpon the shoare with diuerse kinde speeches and ceremonies vsuall at such times King Henry speaking first they went to a village called Endaya belonging to the French King where in the presence
Paredes should take the King the Earles of Plaisance and Alua should seize vpon the Queene and his daughter Ioane the supposed Princesse the Marquis should leade away the Infants and his brother the Master of Calatraua should dispatch the Earle of Ledesma These matters thus concluded Treason discouered âut not punishâd they were discouered and reuealed to the King some three howers before they should haue beene executed who was as slacke in redressing this as other former matters for if he had so pleased hee might easily haue taken or slaine the Marquis beeing in the Court but he sayd that he would keepe the promise which hee made him and so he onely sent Gonçal of Sahauedra and the Secretarie Aluaro Gomes vnto him to reproch his trecherie which did much trouble the Marquis who neuerthelesse denyed the matter and sayd that God forbid that euer he should be partaker in so vile a treason whereof he would enquire and if he found any of his people to haue a hand therein that hee would deliuer them ouer into the hands of Iustice and with this shew hee departed from the Kings house and went directly to the Abbey of Parrall where hee gathered together great companies of his followers and partisans meaning to keepe the same and not intending any more to enter into the Cittie so that if the king meant to talke with him it behooued him then to come foorth willingly and meete him The Confederates perceiuing this enterprise of theirs to prooue vaine and of no effect did intreate the King to heare the Marquis speake and to come foorth of the cittie into some place not suspected but their intent was to seize vppon him abroade in the Countrey since they could not bring it to passe in the cittie The King consented and appointed to meete them betweene Villa Castin and the Monasterie of Saint Peter de las Duegnas to the which Monasterie the King came but he had there notice giuen him of two things the one that the Admirall Don Frederick had in Vailledolit erected banners in the name of the Infant Don Alphonso naming him king and that the towne had withstood it and in such sort resisted the Admirall and his people as they had driuen him thence The other was that hee should by no meanes go on to meete with the Marquis of Villena because the Master of Calatraua and diuers of the Manriques were in the fields with sixe hundred horse to take him The king beeing highly mooued at these practises did prouide a remedie in time for hee dispatched Conçal of Sahauedra with fiue hundred horse of his owne Guard for to succour those of Vailledolit and for the present danger he sent the Bishop of Calaorra to Villa Castin and the Licentiat Diego Henriques del Castel his Councellor and Chronicler to the Earles of Plaisance and Alua to discouer that which was done there These hauing met with others who came to warne the king of the selfe same danger they separated themselues and the Licenciate returned with speed to the Monasterie to cause the king to dislodge who at that instant departed from thence and returned to Segobia entring into the cittie with fiue thousand men gathered together from the places thereabouts The Bishoppe went on and met with the Earles who marched in Armes and militarie Order with whome he had some speech and conference to no purpose and so returned to Segobia The new Master of Saint Iames besides his owne people hauing with him the kings Guard came neere to the Master of Calatraua beeing in a place fitte for a fight and was resolued to charge him if the night had not hindred him notwithstanding that he had commandement from the king not to do so wherefore he brought backe his troupes to Segobia The knights of the League seeing their enterprises to bee discouered Burgos in the power of the confederates marched towards the Cittie of Burgos the Castle whereof was vnder the commaund of Don Aluaro of Estuniga Earle of Plaisance one of the Confederates The Cittie being mooued with these strange newes would not consent to ought that they propounded but Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena could so well set foorth the iustice of his cause in eloquent tearmes as they did beleeue that hee and his complices were in the right but diuers of the inhabitants who were of good iudgement did very well perceiue that each of these confederate Lords was carried away with enuie hatred iealousie and other diseases of Court and with a desire of their owne priuate good rather then that of the Common-wealth Now at the request of the Marquis certaine chiefe men of the citty met together who signed the letters which they wrote to the King which contained foure principall accusations Accusations propounded by the colleagues which they required to haue redressed The one was that the king kept ordinarily in his Court Moores which were enemies of the faith whome hee did animate to commit infinite out-rages which were vnpunished as the rape of the daughter of Diego Sanches of Orihuela d'Seuill Againe that the places of Iudges with other Offices were bestowed vppon persons wholy vnworthy of them by meanes whereof diuers exactions and tyrannies were committed Thirdly that to the manifest contempt and hinderance of the Infant Don Alphonso vnto whome that dignitie did belong he had bestowed the Master-ship of Saint Iames vppon Bertrand de la Câeua Earle of Ledesma The fourth and most important The king reproched with the adulterat birth of ãâã which could not be excused was that he caused Donna Ioane to be sworne vnto as Princesse and heire of the kingdomes of Castile and Leon whome hee very well knew to be none of his daughter highly wronging the Infants Don Alphonso and Donna Izabella by depriuing them of their patrimonie and inheritance to remedie which it was requisite to cause the Estates of Spaine to make a new oath in the behalfe of the Infant Don Alphonso and to restore to him the Master-ship of Saint Iames. These reasons were indeed of great moment if they had beene prosecuted by lawfull and iust meanes and with a true zeale of the good and reputation of the Crowne of Castile but there is seldome any good order kept in such rash proceedings The letter was presented to the King at Vailledolit whither he was come with a great traine but notwithstanding that most of the articles contayned matter of truth wherein his honour was highly touched he neuerthelesse made such small account thereof as most of his Councell and seruants were greatly ashamed thereof and yet for all that he had then about him forces sufficient to dissolue and scatter that league without any danger at all but it was Gods will to punish both the king and the people The chiefe poynt that the Confederates stood vppon was that Donna Ioane the supposed Princesse wrongfully reputed Princesse of Castile should be declared to bee the daughter of Don
Bertrand de la Cueua The opinion of the Bishop of Calaorra of Friar Lopes de Barriento of the Master of Saint Iames and others which were present at the reading of the letter was to go presently and find out the rebells and to offer them battaile alleadging diuers reasons as namely the small forces which they had then together but the King would not consent thereunto desiring perhaps to bee reputed meeke and gentle rather then warlike and valiant whereuppon the Bishoppe of Calaorra The King will rather seeme meeke than rigorous told him plainely that hee very well perceyued hee did not desire to raigne peaceably seeing that hee made so smal account of the defence of his honour in not reuenging the wrongs and iniuries which were done vnto him Sharp speeches of the Bishop of Calaorra to the king and that for his part he did verily beleeue that hee would neuer leaue behind him the fame and report of a generous and magnanimous King but that he was assured that hee would become the most vnhappie King that euer raigned in Spayne and that he would repent his cowardize when it was too late Notwithstanding this free admonishment hee remayned cold and gaue eare to the agreements which they offered him Hee sent word to those of the League to meete at Duegnas the which they did and thither came the Admirall and the Arch-bishop of Seuill There they beganne to treate of diuers matters but the better to conferre it was thought fit and conuenient that the King should come to Cabeçon and the Confederates to Cigalâs and places thereabouts which beeing done the King and the Marquis of Villena spake and conferred together in the open fields each of them beeing accompanied with three persons and fiftie horse on each part to discouer visite and make sure the Countrie round about After long conference together it was concluded That the king within twelue daies after should deliuer into the Marquis his hands the person of the Infant Don Alphonso who should be acknowledged for Prince and heire of the kingdome of Castile and oath made vnto him in that nature at the same instant according to the custome of Spaine by the Lords and Deputies of the townes and Prouinces that should be there present and that the Lords and Knights should promise that the Infant Don Alphonso who was then eleuen yeares old should marrie Donna Ioane the Queenes daughter so soone as shee should come to age Arâicles agreed vpon for the pacification of the troubles againe that the Earle of Ledesma should giue ouer the Mastership of Saint Iames the which should be restored to the Infant Don Alphonso That for the gouernement of the affaires of State and other great businesses of the kingdome two Knights of each side should be chosen Don Alphonso of Oropeça Generall of the Ieronomites should be as vmpire betweene the two parties on the Kings part for the assurance of the deliuerie of the Infant should be giuen in hostage for the kings fidelitie the Master of Saint Iames and the Earle of Benauent for that of the confederates These things beeing agreed vppon the King came to Segobia in the castle of which cittie the Queene and the Infants lay and he caused the Infant Don Alphonso to depart thence to be deliuered to the Lords of the League albeit it was fore-told him that the Infant should be declared King of Castile but the Secretarie Aluar Gomes who was wholy at the Marquis his deuotion Don Alphonso the kings brother acknowledged heire to the crowne assured him of the contrarie vnto whome the charge to conduct the Infant to Sepulueda was committed where he deliuered him into the hands of the confederate Lords The King returned to Valiodolit from whence the next day he returned to Cabeçon The confederates on the other side brought the Infant into the fields where he was sworne vnto and acknowledged Prince and heire of those kingdomes being eleuen yeares of age The Prelates and Knights of the league which were present at this ceremony were D. Alphonso Carillo of Acugna Arch-bishop of Toledo Don Alphonso of Fonseca Arch-bishop of Seuile Don Inigo Manrique Bishop of Coria Don Frederick Henriques great Admirall of Castille Don Aluaro of Estuniga Earle of Plaisance Don Garcia Aluaro of Toledo Earle of Alua Don Rodrigo Manriques Earle of Paredes the Earles of Saint Marta and Ribadeo with others who promised that the marriage betweene the Infant and Donna Ioane should be accomplished And on the Kings side to consult vppon the administration of the affaires was chosen Don Pedro of Velasco eldest son to the Earle of Haro Don Pedro Fernandes of Velasco and Gonçal of Sahauedra the Confederates appoynted the Marquis of Villena and the Earle of Plaisance and for a third person Friar Alphonso of Oropesa was named The King beeing come backe to Valiodolit did handle the matter so with the Earle Don Bertrand de la Cueua as he for quietnesse sake renounced the Master-shippe of Saint Iames and yeelded it vp into the Popes hands For which deed of his the King vsing his accustomed bountie Don Bertrand de la Cueua created Duke of Albuquerque gaue him in recompence the towne of Albuquerque with the title of Duke with the townes of Cuellar Roa Molina Atiença la Pegna d'Alcaçar and besides all this three millions and fiue hundred thousand Marauidis of yearely rent to be leuied vppon Vbeda Baeça and other places of Andalusia we will therefore hereafter call him Duke of Albuquerque and Earle of Ledesma Those things beeing accomplished the king went to Olmeda and the Iudges or arbitrators which wer chosen to Medina del campo where whilest they conferred and disputed about the affaires the Confederates had inuented new meanes to continue the troubles The Arch-bishop of Toledo and the Admirall Don Frederick made shew to be displeased with the Marquis and made a craftie reconcilement with the King making him beleeue that they had both will and meanes to ruine the Marquis the King receyued them very fauourably and for ioy thereof sent to Don Gomes of Caceres Master of Alcantara and to Don Pedro Puerto Carero Earle of Medellino whome hee very much trusted to come to him with as many souldiers as they could leauie Thereupon hee was aduertised that the arbitrators had giuen vp their sentence by the which there remayned nothing to him but the name of King only for the Marquis beeing a man very wise eloquent and well experienced did so handle the other Deputies as he made them to condiscend to whatsoeuer he pleased hauing the Secretarie Aluar Gomes wholy at his deuotion by whose meanes he drew Gançalo of Sahauedra to his party The King being greatly troubled therewith sent for Aluaro and Gonçalo to come and speake with him but they beeing kept backe with shame and their owne euil conscience durst not appeare in his presence The King betrayed on all sides but secretly tooke an other way
Henry forsweares himselfe Donna Ioane and the Duke of Guyenne betrothed together by Ambassadors The duke dies 27 The Archbishop of Toledo raiseth new troubles 28 Quarrels betwixt the Earles of Haro and Treuigno 29 Affrican expeditions and other affaires of Portugall 30 Enterview of the Kings of Castile and Portugall 31 End of the warre of Barcelona 32 Rash and succeslesse enterprise of the Princesse Leonora Countesse of Foix against the city of Pampelona and those of Beaumont 33 Second marriage of the Marquis of Villena Maister of Saint Iames. 34 Roderigo Borgia Cardinal and legat in Spaine 35 New Christians massacred at Cordoua and Iaen where the Constable of Castile Don Michael Lucas of Irançu was murthered The same dignity giuen to the house of Velasco 36 Enterprise of the Maister of Saint Iames against D. Andrea de Cabrera D. Pedro Gonçal de Mendoça made Cardinall 37 Parliament at Madrid determinations thereof Outrage and insolency of the Maister of Saint Iames Enterview of King Henry of Castile and of the Princesse Donna Isabel his sister and likewise of Prince Fernando her houseband Priuiledge of the Earle of Ribadeo Suspitious banquet 38 Death of Earle Gaston de Foix husband to Princesse Leonora of Nauarre her titles hard suspitions of her chastity the Bishop of Pampelona murthered 39 King Iohn of Arragon and Lewis the eleuenth the French King quarrel about the Earledome of Rossillon 40 Quarrels betweene the houses of Mendoça and Pimentel 41 Death of D. Iohn de Pacheco Maister of Saint Iames Three maisters of the same Order contend together at one time Last acts of king Henry of Castile The one and twentith Booke of the History of Spaine NOtwithstanding the agreement made at Montejo the Kingdome of Castile was neuer the more at quiet for the Infant Don Alphonso called himselfe King neuerthelesse and in his writings and letters patânts diuers of which are to be seene in Spaine at this day as namely at Valiodolit and Areualo he named himself King of Castile Leon Toledo Galicia Siuil Cordoua Murcia Iaen Algarua Algezire and Gibraltar and Lord of Biscay and Molina neither did the confederate Lords lay downe their armes according as they had sworne and promised perceiuing very well that all King Henries great forces and meanes would come to nothing through his negligence and carelesnesse by meanes whereof the Realme of Spaine grew infamous through the robberies and oppressions which the souldiars did dayly commit in euery place without any punishment at all It happened on a day as the confederates went out of Valiodolit to Alfaro they were no sooner out of the towne but the Inhabitants shut their gates against them Those of Valiodolit free themselues from the confederates subiection and submit to the King putting themselues againe vnder King Henries obedience and did driue all those out of their city which had any correspondence with the league The King being aduertized thereof came sodainely thither where hee was receiued with great ioy In recompence of the losse of Valiodolit the confederates made an enterprise vpon Simancas thinking to haue taken it by scalado but they themselues were taken and diuers of them sent backe to Valiodolit where they were cut in quarters The King did for all this harken to the agreement which had bin resolued among them and did bend his eare to whatsoeuer was propounded by the Marquis whose onely drift was to take him if hee could haue but drawne him into any place fit for the purpose but the King hearing thereof stood still vpon his guarde and when at any time there was any occasion of meeting to conferre he alwaies sent the Bishop of Calaorra and Iohn Fernandes Galindo vnto them They concluded vpon nothing so that many Lords which followed the Court tooke their leaues and returned to their owne houses There remained continually with the King the Bishop of Calaorra the Marquis of Santillana and his bretheren the Earles of Haro Valence and Cabra the new Marquis of Astorga the Constable D. Michael Lucas de Irançu and the Duke of Albuquerque The King hauing left a good garrison in Valiodolit returned to Segobia at the same time the affaires of the confederates The Prince D. Alphonso chosen King in miserable captiuity in the keeping of the confedârates were in bad termes and if the King or they which were neere about him had truely vnderstood themselues he might very easily haue dissolued that league for the Marquis through want of meanes was very badly and vnwillingly followed by those which were about him The Prince Don Alphonso distrusting the end of their enterprises would willingly haue made an attonement with the King his brother but they held him very short and threatned him that if hee made but the least shew to bend that way to present him with a cuppe of poison therevpon by meanes of the Archbishop of Siuill a very vnseemely agreement was made to the which neuerthelesse the King gaue eare willingly which was to marry the Infanta Donna Isabella his sister to Don Pedro Giron Maister of Calatraua vpon condition that hee should promise to cause Prince Alphonso to giue ouer the title of King An other agreement not wel digested and to furnish a certaine summe of money with three thousand launces for the Kings seruice besides this it was concluded that the Bishop of Calaorra and the Duke of Albuquerque should leaue the Court who forthwith without any contradiction did so The Infanta Donna Isabella was wonderfully afflicted with griefe when she vnderstood these newes Magnanimity of the Infanta D. Isabel. considering the inequality of the marriage and the indignity offered her by the King her brother and like a noble and couragious Princesse she determined rather to kill her selfe then euer to yeeld vnto it but first of all shee thought it fit to trie all possible meanes how to ridde this new husband of his life shee had a very trusty Gentlewoman named Beatrice of Boadilla who offered with the help of her husband Andrew de Cabrera to kill the Maister vpon the wedding night as soone as hee should offer to lie downe by the Princesse this Lady was by the Infanta at her comming to the crowne of Castile created Marquesse of Moya These things being thus plotted Death of Don Padro âyron Maister of Caâatrauâ it happened that as the Maister D. Pedro Giron was on his way to the Court to sollemnize his marriage bringing with him great numbers of horsemen he was taken with a greeuous sicknesse whereof hee died at Villa-rubia hauing held the Mastership of Calatraua one and twenty yeeres whether this happened accidentally or otherwaies it remaines doubtfull but his death was very displeasing to the King who thought by meanes of this marriage to giue an end to all the miseries and troubles of his Kingdome and to re-enter into his former authority and quiet In his place his sonne Don Roderigo Tellez Gyron was chosen Maister of Calatraua
The appointed day beeing come the Legate came to the place where with great insolencie he was compassed about with aboue three hundred horse of the league which did greatly amaze him for he was none of the stoutest Prelats Presently after Don Iohn de Pacheco The Master of S. Iames contradicts the Popes authoritie ouer the temporal states Master of Saint Iames the Earle of Luna the Bishop of Coria with other Lords of the same faction came in place vnto whome the Legate shewed his faculties and authoritie to do in Spaine what he thought good Wherupon the Master of Saint Iames made him this answer that those which had informed the Pope that hee had any power or authority to dispose of the estate of the Kingdomes of Spaine or Leon had deceyued him for that did belong onely to him and to the other great Lords of the same countrie At this meeting nor yet at another which was made nere to Montejo de la Veja was there any thing concluded on Wherefore hee beganne to proceed against the Confederates by Ecclesiasticall censures Appeale from the Pope to the next generall Councell but the Lords of the League did appeale to the first generall Councell the Licentiate Iohn d' Alcoâer and the Doctor Alphonso of Madrigal throwing in their appeales The Legaâe perceyuing his labour to bee lost would haue gone backe to Medina but diuers of the Rebells followed after him crying out Wee appeale Insolencie against the Legate we appeale and with great outrages brought him backe to Olmedo the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo and the Master of Saint Iames seeming to bee discontented therewith tooke vppon them to defend him Whilest the Legate was thus handled the Confederates practised how to draw to their side Pedro Arias of Auila and the Bishop Don Iohn of Segobia his brother who beeing alreadie offended with the wrong which the King had offered them whereof wee haue spoken heretofore were easily perswaded thereunto the chiefe doers in this businesse were Lewis de Mesa Pedro Arias his familiar friend Perucho of Munsaras Captaine of the Castle of Segobia Fryar Rodrigo of Mesa Abbot of Parral and brother to Lewis with other Monkes and Church-men who did lay a plotte to deliuer the cittie of Segobia to the Confederate Lords Queene Ioane Donna Izabella with other Ladies and Gentlewomen of great place were lodged in the pallace of the same Citie where they had notice of this practise some of them with great feare beganne to dislodge the Queene withdrew her selfe into the Cathedrall Church The citty of Seigoâia deliuered to the confederate Lords where thinking her selfe not safe enough shee entreated to bee receyued into the Castle with the Dutchesse of Albuquerque and other Ladies but the Infanta Donna Izabella had no will to remooue for beeing incensed against king Henry her brother shee had intelligence with the Prince Don Alphonso and did wholy adhere to the Confederates who entred into the Cittie in armes through a false port of the Bishoppes lodgings and made themselues master thereof without any resistance to the great griefe of the Inhabitants The Lords of the League went directly to the pallace to salute the Infanta who committed her selfe wholly into their hands The king hauing notice hereof departed very melancholy from Medina with such troupes as hee could get about him and marched towards Cuellar where in the mid way the Castle of Iscar was assayled at the intreatie of the Earle of Treuigno in which Castle the Earle of Plaisance kept the Earle of Treuigno's mother in dishonest manner the place beeing taken the Countesse was sent away prisoner by her sonne into his countrie The losse of Segobia did much grieue the the King for his aboade there pleased him aboue all other as well because hee was brought vp there from his infancie The King forsaken of his people as for the wood of Balsain and other places thereabouts fitte for hunting and also in regard of his treasure which lay in the castle thereof and the griefe and feeling of his aduersities did so oppresse him as beeing desperate and almost besides himselfe he was contented to be drawne by the deuices of the Master of Saint Iames to the towne of Coca vnder the promise and assurance of the Archbishoppe of Seuille not telling or making it knowne to any of the Lords or Knights of his trayne and taking but a very few of his houshold seruants with him Wherefore all men beeing discontented with these courses which did manifestly tend to the ruine of the King and of those which did him seruice they with-drew themselues discontented to their owne houses The Kings Officers and houshold seruants seeing themselues forsaken and left in so pittifull and miserable estate were ashamed to tell vnto whome they did belong when they came to any place The Licentiate Diego Henriques the Kings Chronicler hauing obtayned a safe conduct Diego Henriques King Henries Chronicler came to Segobia where hee had a house wherin were diuers goods and papers of great consequence but neuerthelesse he was taken and ill intreated his goods stolen and his writings scattered abroade to the great danger of his person if God had not drawne him out of their hands for the Rebels were greatly mooued against him because that in his written memories and chronicles hee had set downe the truth of their proceedings The king beeing come to Coca they changed the place and their opinion was to conferre at Segobia in the castle of which cittie hee was lodged and entertayned by the Earle of Alua and the Master of Alcantara albeit that Peruchâ de Munsaras Captaine of the place was not well contented therewith The King and the Master of Saint Iames meeting afterward in the great Church Other agreement betwixt the king and the rebels after diuers reasons on either side it was agreed that the king should consent that the fort of Segobia should remayne vnder the command of the Master of Saint Iames the kings treasures and mooueables to be kept safe and restored to him who should send them to the castle of Madrid the Captaine-ship of which with the keeping of those things the King should graunt to Perucho de Munsaras Moreouer that the Queene should bee giuen in hostage and left in trust with the Arch-bishop of Seuile for sixe moneths within which time the King should be restored to all his former honour and dignitie These articles were afterward performed the treasures transported to Madrid and Queene Ioane was sent to the castle of Alaejos Euill life of Queene Ioanâ of Castile where holding on the course of life which the King had taught her shee fell in loue with a certaine young man by whome shee had two children which was the cause of many vnworthie outrages as shall bee hereafter declared After this treatie the King beeing in as lamentable an estate as before went vppe and done his kingdome no otherwise than if hee had beene a poore
to the Lords of the League to admonish them to desist from their wicked practises and to submit themselues to the Kings obedience the confederates answered that they would send some man of authoritie to the king and soon after they did write to the Arch-bishop of Seuil intreating him to come to Auila to treate vpon the meanes of agreement The citty of Burgos yeelds to the king who with the Kings good liking went vnto them In the meane season the citty of Burgos by the meanes of Pedro of Velasco returned to the Kings obedience It was concluded in Areualo that the Confederates should intreat the king that the Infanta Izabella might be sworne vnto and acknowledged Princesse and heire of his kingdomes all other oathes made to the contrarie notwithstanding Which beeing done euery of them would willingly obey him these things beeing related at Madrid by the Arch-bishop of Siuill the King called a Councell thereupon where the opinions were diuers some affecting Donna Ioane whom the King still called his daughter but the Lord Steward Andrew de Cabrera could so well ioyne reason to his opinion as it was resolued to graunt what the Confederates requested then did they set downe these Articles That the Infanta Donna Izabella should bee declared Princesse of the Asturia's Aâticles of ãâã agreed vpon and sworne vnto as eldest heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon That pardon should bee graunted to the Master of Saint Iames and to the other Lords his Confederates for whatsoeuer they had committed against his royall Maiestie and free and safe accesse should be giuen them to come to Court with restitution of all that had been taken from them That the King within foure moneths after should send backe his wife Queen Ioan and Donna Ioane his daughter into Portugall and to be diuorced from her by the Popes authoritie and that the citties of Auila Vbeda with the townes of Medina del campo Olmedo and Escalona and the Lord-ship of Molina should be giuen to the Princesse Donna Izabella who might not marrie with any one without the consent of King Henry her brother The Lords of Mendoza not callâd to the councelâ of pâace whereunto she did sweare Into this councell were not admitted the Marquis of Santillana nor his brother the Bishoppe of Siguença who were come to court to kisse the Kings hand vppon the newes of the death of the Infant Don Alphonso for they fauoured and much respected Donna Ioane who was resident in the Castle of Buytrago vnder the keeping of the Marquis therefore they returned male-content to Guadalajara The Queene remayning in the Castle of Alaejos vnder the power of the Arch bishop of Seuille as hath beene sayd before became enamoured on a young man Queene Ioanes dishmest life who had charge to keepe her and as some say hee was the Bishoppes nephew called Pedro by whome in time shee had two children namely Don Fernand and Don Apostol who were brought vp in the Cittie of Tolââo in the Monasterie of Saint Dominick the royal by the Abbesse of the house who was Aunt to their father Don Pedro and it is reported that the King hauing notice thereof caused Don Pedro to be taken to the end to punish him as he had deserued but that the Queene shed so many teares as shee saued his life and begged him of the king who in those matters was the most carelesse person liuing Now these Lords of the house of Mendoza beeing departed discontented from the Court thinking themselues to be disgraced and on the other side fauouring Donna Ioane it happened that the Queene hauing secret intelligence with certaine of her guard within and without with Don Lewis Hurtado of Mendoza sonne to Ruy Diaz escaped from the Castle of Alaejos causing hir selfe to bee let downe in a basket from the Castle walles but the rope beeing too short and those which let her downe thinking that shee had beene neere to the ground did let her fall a good height so as shee hurt her face and one of her feete indangering also her life neuerthelesse Don Lewis who was at the foote of the wall tooke her vp and layed her in a litter standing there readie for the same purpose and so brought her away the next day to the Castle of Buytrago where her daughter remayned who was called all ouer Spayne La Bertraneja because shee was reputed and supposed to bee the daughter of Bertrand de la Cueua Duke of Albuquerque The Arch-bishoppe of Seuille thought himselfe highly wronged by the violent and fraudulent deliuerie of the Queene therefore hee hastily perswaded and procured the agreement to the Articles aboue-mentioned and there was a place appoynted and determined Donna Izabeâa âeclared Princesse and heire of Castille where the parties should meete betweene Zebreros and Cadahalso at a place called La venta du Tor de Guisando neere to a Monasterie of Saint Hierome the Arch-bishoppe beeing much displeased and discontented with the Queene These met at Cadahalso vppon the day appoynted and set downe the King the Arch-bishop of Seuille the Earles of Playsance Benauent and Miranda together with others of the Councell on the one side and the Infanta Donna Izabella with the Confederates mette at Zebreros the chiefe of whome were Don Alphonso Carillo Arch-bishoppe of Toledo Don Lewis of Acugna Bishoppe of Burgos Don Inigo Manrique Bishop of Coria and the Master of Saint Iames Don Iohn de Pacheco euery one of these on the nineteenth day of September the same yeare one thousand foure hundred sixtie eight in the presence of the Popes Legate Antonio de Veneris who afterward was Cardinall with great solemnitie in the place aboue-mentioned tooke the oath of allegeance and obedience to the King and then they did sweare to and declare the Infanta Donna Izabella Princesse of the Asturia's and eldest lawfull heire to the kingdomes of Castile and Leon with all the dependances reuenues and lands annexed and ioyned thereunto the Legate Apostolicke dispensing and absoluing all contrarie oathes which had beene made in that nature before and confirming the present Great numbers and multitudes of people came running ioyfully and with wonderfull applause from all parts of the Country to this sollemmâtie hoping that peace and quietnesse should be established and planted in Spayne and that all factions and oppositions of outragious and ciuill warres ceassing Iustice should euery where flourish That beeing done and finished the king with the Princesse his sister and the reconciled Lords came to Cadahalso the Arch bishoppe of Toledo excepted whose mind beeing not at quiet returned to Zebreto with the Bishoppes of Burgos and Coria The King passing on left his sister the Princesse and the whole Court at Casa Rubias and went with the Master of Saint Iames to Pard and to Rascafria beeing come thither hee caused Pedro Arrias of Auila together with the bishoppe his brother to leaue the cittie of Segouia which greatly mooued and discontented them the
gouernement whereof was giuen and made ouer to his Steward Andrew de Cabrera one newly come into Castile and borne at Barcelona sonne to Iohn Fernandes and Grand child to Andrew de Cabrera Neuerthelesse for that time hee commaunded no where but in the towne for the fort remayned in the power of the Master of Saint Iames and because the plague was very hotte within the Cittie of Segouia the King nor the Master would not come into the towne but retired and went backe to Casa Rubias whither came Don Lewis of Mendoza with a procuration from Queene Ioane as Protectresse of her daughter in whose name hee protested that the oath made to the Princesse Izabella was of no force nor efficacie and appealed to the Pope from the dispensations made by the Legate but small account was made thereof Now did the Master of Saint Iames consider with himselfe that the discontentment of the Marquis of Santillana and the other Lords of the house of Mendoza with Pedro de l'clasco might produce and bring foorth some bad effects Hee who seemed to bee borne to commaund tooke in hand to appease and qualifie them and did inuite them to meere at Villarejo belonging to the Order of Saint Iames there to consult and determine about the affaires of State with the Kings Commissioners Thither came Don Pero Gââçales of Mendoza New treaties of marriages âse a foot by the Master of S. Iames. Bishoppe of Siguença and Don Pedro Velasco on the one side and the Arch-bishoppe of Seuille the Master of Saint Iames and the Earle of Plaisance on the other They did conclude that the Princesse Izabella should marrie with Alphonso King of Portugall who was a widdower and Donna Ioane with his eldest sonne called Don Iohn heire to the Kingdome and her cousin-germaine with condition that if the Princesse Izabella by this marriage should haue no children that then the issue of Donna Ioane should succeed in the Kingdome of Castile for the conclusion and confirmation of which marriages there should be an enterview of the King and Queene of Castile and the King of Portugall This agreement did not please the Ladies for the Princesse Izabella had no desire to marrie with a widower and the Queen feared that vnder color of this meeting she shold be cast off and sent home to Portugall according to the treatie at la Venta du Tor de Guisando wherefore both of them resisted this determination with all their power by reason wherof the Lords of Mendoza and Velasco were very angry with the Queene and her daughter The Master of S. Iames sollicited K. Henry to send Ambassadors into Portugal to request the king to meet thinking by his coming to win the Princesse to condiscend thereunto And not long after the bishop of Siguença and Don Pedro de Velasco beeing with the king perswaded him notwithstanding the Queenes obstinacy vnder-hand to fauour D. Ioane not acquainting the Arch-bishop of Scuill nor the Princesse Izabella therewith These businesses beeing managed with such inconstancie there arriued daily messengers at Court who complayned for that the King had caused this new oath to be made to his sister which most men thought to be a beginning of greater troubles than before and also because that diuers other great Lords of the Kingdome were not called to determine vppon a matter of so great consequence And indeed all those which were discontented therewith did ioyne themselues in league with the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo who thought himselfe to bee ill dealt with for that he had not the Princesse Izabellain his keeping as in time before In the meane time disorders were still committed in diuers Prouinces especially in Andalusia where this yeare Don Iohn de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia and Earle of Niebla dyed in whose goods lands and dignityes Don Henry de Guzman his bastard-sonne succeeded It hapned at the same time neere to Toledo that as an husband-man of the countrie called Pero Moro did reape a corne-field at the very first stroake which hee gaue with his sickle great quantitie of bloud issued foorth of the stalkes the which his sons perceyuing who were at worke in the same field came running vnto him thinking that he had hurt himselfe but seeing he had no harme they returned to their labour and cut downe the corne in the same place where their father wrought and at euery stroake they fetched great store of bloud issued which they signified to the Lord of the place who caused it to be recorded for a strange prodigie Whilest the affaires of Castile stood vppon these tearmes King Iohn of Arragon being ridde of his enemie Don Pedro of Portugall Arragon and Nauarre did labour by all meanes after the taking of Tortosa to reduce the Barcelonois to their duties but they like obstinat enemies to their Prince would not hearken thereunto Great were the alterations which they had among themselues after the death of this Portugois Some were of opinion to bring their state into the forme of a Common-wealth like Genoa Venice and other places of Italy and others councelled to returne to the obedience of King Iohn Each of these opinions being reiected they elected for their King Reneé of Aniou Duke of Lorraine and Earle of Prouence Renee Aniou made king of Arragon a Prince of the royall bloud of France who beeing alreadie old and decrepite yet neuerthelesse desirous of the title of King did accept the offer and hauing with the consent of King Lewis the eleuenth leauied souldiers in France sent his sonne Iohn Duke of Calabria or Lorrayne into Spaine who at Manreça ioyned with the Cattelans and hauing drawne diuers of the County of Rossillon to his deuotion he went and beseeged Girona where Peter of Rocabertin was Gouernour who foorthwith aduertised King Iohn thereof who by reason of his indisposition and blindnes could not come thither in person to ayde them but sent his son Prince Fernand accompanied with diuers Lords and Knights vnto whom aboue all other things hee recommended the Princes person beeing on his way from Tortosa towards Girona Queene Ioane his mother who loued him dearely followed him the next day after vpon the newes of the Princes comming the Duke of Calabria raysed his seege and retired himselfe to Denjat from whence he went to Barcelona and then returned with succors in great secrecie and no lesse danger The Prince D. Fernand desirous to looke vppon the enemie being come neere to the place and prouoking the French-men to battell they being fortifyed with a great number of men at armes which K. Lewis had sent them vnder the conduct of the Earle of Armignac The Arragonois defeated by the French came forth into the fields and fought and vanquished the Arragonois the Prince Don Fernand narrowly escaping from beeing taken who had good meanes offered to saue himselfe thorough the indeauours of Rodrigo of Rebolledo who was taken in his stead and brought to Barcelona and afterwards redeemed for tenne
but to trie other meanes to draw them to his will The King perswaded thereunto An. 1470. Genealogie of Castile dissolued his armie These things passed in the yeare 1470. at which time the Princesse Donna Izabella was deliuered of hir first child in the Cittie of Duegnas the first day of October to wit of a daughter called Elizabeth or Izabella like the mother Then the Moores of Granado Moores proude because of their fore-passed prosperities forraged the Countrie belonging to the Master-shippe of Alcantara against whome was sent the new Marquis of Cales Don Rodrigo Ponce of Leon Earle of Arcos who repressed these runnagates and tooke from them the Cittie of Cardela the which soone after was taken againe by the Moores neuerthelesse hee carried away with him great spoyles and many Moores prisoners In the meane space the Duke of Alua came to the Court at Medina del Campo who was kindly receyued and welcommed by the King Now the marriage of Donna Ioane beeing dashed by reason of the Duke of Guiens death Castile who departed this life at Bourdeaux the King by the aduise of the Master of Saint Iames sent Ambassadours to King Don Alphonso of Portugall to treate with him about a marriage betwixt him and her This King had no desire thereunto because of the common report which was that shee was borne in adulterie betwixt Don Bertrand de la Cueuâ and the Queene of Castile and therefore he had wholy reiected it at such time as she should haue beene married to the Prince Don Iohn his sonne Genealogie of Portugal whome hee married about that time to Donna Leonora daughter to the Infant Don Fernand Duke of Viseo and of Donna Beatrix daughter to the Infant Don Iohn who had beene in former time Master of Saint Iames and the second Constable of Portugall of the which Don Fernand and Beatrix were borne Don Domingo who was Duke of Viseo after his father and Don Manuell who raigned in Portugall after this Don Iohn his brother in law Donna Beatrice had builded the Monastery of Nunnes called the conception of Veja where shee with her husband Don Ferdinand lye buried Now King Alphonso at such time as this Ambassage was making ready was busied with good successe about the Affrican expedition for hauing in person transported beyond the sea a very mighty armie being followed by the Prince Don Iohn his sonne and by many great Lords and experimented Captaines of his kingdome amongst whom the most renowmed were Don Iohn Coutin Earle of Marialua Don Aluaro de Castro Earle of Montesanto Arzilla and Tanger in Affrick taken by the King of Portugall and his sonne Don Iohn de Castro Don Henry de Meneses Earle of Valencia Ruy de Merlo Captaine of his guardes who afterward was Earle of Oliuença and Don Alphonso Vasconcello who was Earle of Penela hee tooke by force Arzilla and did so terrifie them of Tanger as they forsooke the Cittie and left it empty to the enemy so as King Don Alphonso hauing amply enlarged his Empire beyond the sea the Kings of Portugall haue since intituled themselues Kings on this side and beyond the Sea The Earles of Montesanto and Marialua dyed at the taking of Arzilla The gouernment of Tanger was giuen to Ruy de Merlo with a good garrison and the King and the Armie beeing returned to Lisbone Don Alphonso Basconcello was made Earle of Penela Mariage of the Prince D Ioan of Portugall with Donna Leonora of Vâsco and then was the marriage of the Prince celebrated beeing seuenteene yeares of age with Donna Leonora his cousin germaine with dispensation made since by Pope Sixtus the fourth who succeeded Paul the second in the Sea of Rome The Ambassadors of Castile agreed vpon an enterview of the the two Kings betwixt the townes of Badajos and Yelues but they departed one from an other discontented without any conclusion of the marriage the principall impediment was the small trust which the King of Portugall reposed in the Maister of Saint Iames whose inconstancie hee merueilously suspected together with the disordered life of the Queene who was detested of all men This marriage afterwards was thought vppon to bee renewed as shall bee heere-after declared The King of Castile wanted no troubles and discontents in this iourney by meanes of the insolency Castille wherein the Lords Prelates and Knights his subiects were nourished the one taking euill example from the other First of all the Bishop of Siguença refused to accompany the King and notwithstanding any entreaty he would not stirre forth of Guadalajara whether hee had with-drawne himselfe beeing highly displeased that hee had beene disappointed of a Cardinals Hatte wherevnto by the kings fauour hee had earnestly aspyred the Maister of Saint Iames hauing supplanted him who procured and obteined it for Don Lewis d' Aâugna Bishop of Burgos his nephew the Bishop of Siguença beeing neuer satisfied with speaking euill of Donna Ioane and the Queene her mother The king with his traine beeing come to Badajos Insolency of the Maister of Saint Iames. hee was constrained to lodge in the suburbes and villages thereabouts for the Earle of Feria shutte the gates against him saying that hee was certaine that hee would vpon his entry giue the same towne to the Maister of Saint Iames to whom hee durst deny nothing for hee went about not long before to snatch the towne of Sepulued by force as it were from the king which was neere to the Earledome of Saint Steuens the which notwithstanding the request admonishment and resistance of the inhabitants who could not endure to bee alienated from the Crowne the king was constrained to grant vnto him by reason of his importunity but the townesmen not resolued to obey the Maister gaue themselues ouer to the Princesse who with Prince Ferdinand her husband came thither and remained for a certaine time in those quarters and in the territories of the Archbishop of Toledo who was alwayes their faithfull seruant At Siuill the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Marquis of Cales were at great strife and ioyned battaile âhe one against the other by meanes whereof the Marquis was driuen forth of the citty and withdrew himselfe to Xeres where being fauoured by the knights of Saint Iames and those of Calatraua and the Duke by those of the Citty they made cruell warres one vpon another the Maister of Saint Iames vpholding the Marquis his sonne in law In an incounter made betwixt Seuile and Alcala of Guadiaira two bastard sonnes of the Duke of Medina were slayne and other disorders followed thereuppon for the redressing whereof the King sent Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoza Earle of Tendilla to Seuile who by his diligence and good counsell caused them to lay downe their armes and made those two Lords friends and the Duke had his towne of Medina Sidonia and the fortresse of the same restored vnto him At Toledo Pero Lopes of Ayala newly made Earle of Fuensalida was
sollicited by the brother of his deceased wife Donna Maria de Silua to wit the Bishop of Badajos who was desirous to bring againe the Earle of Cifuentes and his Vncle Don Iohn de Ribera into Toledo to giue his eldest daughter Donna Leonora in marriage to the Earle of Cifuentes seeking by that meanes to reconcile and make them friends which the Master of Saint Iames did likewise procure building some desseignes vppon the same citty but the king being aduertized thereof sent foorth-with the Licenciate Diego Henriques to aduertise the Earle of Fuensalida by no meanes to make that marriage and not to suffer the Earle of Cifuentes nor Don Iohn de Ribera to enter into Toledo because he was assured that as soone as they should set foot within the cittie they would driue him thence The Earle giuing more credit to the Bishoppe then to the King was very willing to agree vppon the marriage by reason whereof the Earle of Cifuentes and Don Iohn de Ribera People of Toledo mutinous were no sooner entred into the cittie but contrarie to their oath and promise which was not to attempt any innouation nor stirre vp any troubles they put themselues in armes and bandied themselues in such sort as there was nothing to bee seene but daily and continuall skirmishes fights murthers robberies and other miseries vsual in diuided Citties the common people of this towne beeing more mutinous and apt to enter into factions and leagues then any other Cittie of Spaine Wherefore the King the better to redresse these inconueniences beeing at Madrid sent the Bishoppe of Burgos together with the Licentiate Diego Henriques who for a time caused those insolencies to cease The King comming afterwards thither tooke away against all reason the gouernement of the cittie from the Earle of Fuensalida and put it against his will into the hands of Doctor Garcy Lopes of Madrid with charge of an assistant and with great authoritie onely to please and content the Master of Saint Iames. The dispossessed Earle went home to his owne house and the Earle of Cifuentes afterward had no desire to accomplish the marriage with Donna Leonora alleadging certaine lets and hinderances by reason of their neere consanguinitie and so soone after married else-where The Earle of Cifuentes and Don Iohn de Ribera tooke Doctor Garcy Lopes committed him to prison and made themselues masters of the Cittie gates and other strong places and beseeged the Castle the which they had taken with the absolute commaund ouer the whole Citie had not certaine Channons resisted them who fortifying themselues in the great Church held out till such time as the Marshals Fernand de Riuadeneyra and Peraâfan de Ribera were come to their ayde who caused the Earle and his people to with-draw themselues The Master of Saint Iames who was at that time in the territorie of Leon making his progresse vp and downe about the ordering of the affaires of that Prouince beeing aduertized of that which had befallen Garcy Lopes came in great hast to Toledo from whence hauing driuen the Earle of Cifuentes Don Iohn de Ribera Lope of Estuniga with Arias de Silua and other of their complices hee left the Cittie in quiet The King not long after came to the Monasterie of Sisla halfe a league distant from the Cittie but hee did in no sort touch any of the seditious because all the mischiefe had beene procured by the Master As hee thought to returne to Segobia hee found the Cittie in a mutinie and reuolted from the Corrigidor or Gouernour of the same by the meanes of certaine Gentlemen who were taken and sent with yrons vppon their legges to the Castle of Madrid where they remayned a long time after Now if temporall matters were so ill gouerned it is to bee supposed that spirituall affaires were farre worse for what good could happen to the people whose Pastors neglecting their ecclesiasticall functions had no other care but to heape vp worldly riches and honours making themselues heads of Factions and by their couetousnesse and ambition did themselues most of all trouble and disquiet all Kingdomes and Common-wealths Whilest these miseries troubled the Realme of Castille King Iohn of Arragon did stil endeauour to reduce the Rebels of Catralonia to his obedience Arragon and after that hee had ended the question betwixt himselfe and his sonne-in-law Gaston of Foix about the kingdome of Nauarre hee did send his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon with the Earle of Prades who was returned to his seruice into the confines of Barcelona who encamped themselues alongst the riuer of Beson and made courses euen to the Cittie gates burning and spoyling houses gardens and other places of pleasure of that countrie Then they went to batter a strong castle seated vppon the riuer which the Barcelonois beeing desirous to succour Iames Galliot Gouernour of the cittie came into the field with a great number of horse-men and foure thousand foot bringing with him Don Denis of Portugall and Gratian of Aguirre who presenting themselues before the enemie with intent to fight The Barcelonois defeated were so rudely receyued as within awhile they were defeated with many of their people slayne hurt and taken prisoners in the number of whom were Iames Galliot and Denis of Portugall part of those which fled came backe to the cittie and the rest retired themselues into the woods and mountaines This losse did so daunt the courage of those of Barcelona as despayring of their affaires they all began to hearken vnto peace whereunto they were the rather incited by the Kings comming who ioyned himselfe soone after with the forces of his sonne Alphonso taking the towne of Valdonzellas hee made shew as if he would beseege the Cittie both by sea and land The citty of Barcelona yeeldeth to the mercie of the King the which beeing filled with great feare and yet neuerthelesse trusting to the Kings clemencie they sent Commissioners vnto him to craue his pardon and to offer him the keyes of the Cittie submitting themselues to his mercie These men beeing come into the kings presence did by the mouth of Lewis Setenti a Florentine confesse the Cittizens fault and did implore his mercie presenting him with the keyes the which the King holding in his hands re-deliuered forth-with to the Commissioners contrarie to the expectation of all his followers King Iohns clemency who thought that in regard hee had beene so many yeares troubled and disquieted with the obstinate and cruell warres of the Barcelonois hee would haue executed seuere vengeance vppon them but hee on the contrarie with a singular mildnesse did not onely pardon them and their Confederates for whatsoeuer they had committed against him but confirmed them in their goods liberties priuiledges exemptions and auncient rights The next day following the Cittizens had prepared a triumphant chariot for him that he might make his entrie with great pompe and magnificence the which he would not accept but was contented to enter
some others the fortunate Infant Pride hinders the Infant Don Henry from his preferment in Castil was very proud the which hee shewed in Castile before his time which did greatly hinder his aduancement in that Kingdome Hee with his mother Donna Beatrice Pimentell Aunt to the Earle of Benauent arriued at Requegna from whence afterward the King hauing furnished them with all things necessary for their calling and place which they held the Maister of Saint Iames caused them to come to the Castle of Garcy Nugnos sending two of his Gentlemen to accompany them thither During the time that this Don Henry remayned there sundry Lords and Knights came to visit him diuers of whome because they would bee reputed ciuill and curteous offered to kisse his hand thinking that hee would not haue suffered it but hee keeping a great grauity presented his hand freely vnto them but one amongst the rest taking him by the hand sayd to him in derision my Lord you haue a very faire hand and so without kissing it let goe his hold whereat D. Henry was much offended The Maister of Saint Iames remayned at that time in Madrill being discontented with an accident hapned at Segobia Hee had sundry times solicited the king to commit the Castle and gates of the citty to his keeping alleadging that in that place Queene Ioane and her daughter might lodge more safely then any where else and that he should by no meanes giue the charge thereof to Andrew de Cabrera because he was assured that Beatrice of Bouadilla his wife was drawne to the Princesse party and besides that he being a Cattelan was an affectionate seruant to Prince Fernand all which was very true The King yeelded to the Maisters request Enterprise of the Maister of Saint Iames against Andrew de Cabrera captaine of the castle of Segobia But Andrew de Cabrera refused to dispossesse himselfe of the castle whereat the Maister beeing highly offended practised his ruine and thought to effect it by this practise He casued Diego Tapia and certaine other Gentlemen to come into the city giuing them charge to stirre vp the people whom he knew to be desirous to fall vpon the new conuerted Christians and to spoile them of their goods as they of Cordoua and other places of Andaluzia had lately done and they appointed that during the tumult some band of souldiars should force the Kings house and take both him and Andrew de Cabrera his Steward to make him deliuer vp the castle Diego de Tapia needed not to vse much labour to stirre vp the people who were ouermuch addicted to mischiefe wherefore it was concluded that at the ringing of a larum bell in the Church of Saint Peter de los Picos they should assaile the city in fiue sundry places on a sunday after dinner namely in the quarter of Saint Olalla in that of Saint Colomba Saint Martin Saint Iohn and that of Saint Michael appointing a squadron to goe vp and downe and to discouer in euery place of the city But it was the will of God that this complot came to the knowledge of the Legat who lay then at Guadalajara who forth-with reuealed it to the King the King sent word thereof to Andrew de Cabrera captaine of the sort to the end he should stand vpon his gard preuent this danger in the city Cabrera hauing secretly armed many souldiars and all the Conuerts which were fit to beare arms did so preuent his enemies as he slew and defeated most of them and Diego Tapia was shot through the body with an arrow The Maister hauing failed in his enterprise The Maister of Saint Iames failes of his purpose and fearing least some euill might betide him departed the same night from Segobia and came to the Monastery of Parrall to goe from thence to Madrid the King tooke the paines to come and visit him in the Monastery and vsed all the entreaties that he could to bring him backe but the Maister said vnto him that he had no confidence in Andrew de Cabrera nor his wife and that hee would neuer set foote in Segobia vntill such time as hee were possest of the castle wherefore the King returned to Segobia to pacifie and appease the tumult It is most certaine that the enterprises of the Maister beeing preiudiciall to an other were very dangerous to himselfe for his sonne-in-law the Earle of Benauent still bearing in minde how hee had preuented him of the Maistership of Saint Iames did keepe armed men in his house who were appointed to haue slaine him in that tumult wherefore hee did wisely to goe to Madrid whether neuerthelesse all matters being appeased the King and the whole Court came and namely the Earle of Benauent and thither were also brought the Queene and D. Ioane her daughter At Madrid there arriued a messenger from the Pope who aduertized the King that D. Pero Gonçal de Mendoza D. Pero Gonsal de Mendosa Cardinal of Spaine Bishop of Siguença was created Cardinall of the title of holy Crosse the which did greatly please the King who commanded him to be called the Cardinall of Spaine the which title hee vsed during his life and receiued many honors of King Henry In these times beganne the Order of the Religious of Saint Francis of Paul who was a Calabrian borne at a place called Paul who was drawne into France by King Lewis the eleuenth and died at Tours his Order called the Minims of Saint Francis was approued by Pope Sixtus this yeere 1473. and afterwards at the request of King Francis the first An. 1473. Order of Saint Francis of Paul of Queene Claude his wife and of Donna Louise of Sauoy his mother the Author was canonized by Pope Leo the tenth in the yeere 1529. of this Religious Order there are many Monasteries in Spaine diuided into two Prouinces King Henry beeing desirous to consumate the marriage betwixt Donna Ioane and his cousin the Infant Don Henry tooke councell therevpon of the Bishop of Siguença chosen Cardinall and of others of his councell and caused the Infant with his mother to come to Xetafa betwixt which place and Madrid he did see them and would willingly haue brought them to Madrid but the Maister of Saint Iames who did not allow of this marriage delt in such sort as they came not thither afterward the king hauing sounded the maister concerning this match Mariage of D. Ioane supposed daughter of Henry of Arragon broken by the Maister of S. Iames. hee did openly diswade him from it saying that he ought not to marry his daughter to any other then to a King or a mighty Prince and that if he were determined to giue her to Don Henry it behooued him then to leuie men of warre and to appoint for their pay more then twenty millions of Marauedis the King who had treasures in the Castle of Segobia said that hee would not want money and therefore hee sent the Maister and the
in their outrages do bandon themseâues against the king who requested that he might be confirmed in that dignity notwithstanding any pretence that Don Iohn de Estuniga Sonne to Don Aluaro Duke of Areualo could make vpon whom the Pope had bestowed it Both of them were answered that vpon hearing of the parties they should haue speedy iustice The Countesse and the Treasurer not contented therewith became enemies to the King and Queene and did cleaue to the King of Portugall Don Alphonso hauing forgotten how that when he was taken prisoner by the Captaine of Magançala in Extremadura the King had deliuered him and paide his ransome bestowing diuers other benefits vpon him Ambassadors from the French King Lewis the eleuenth arriued at Guadalupa to see the peace agreed vpon by the Commissioners at Saint Iohn de Luz to bee sworne and ratified There the Popes Bull was seene which dispensed with the King of Portugall about the marriage of Donna Ioane his Neece not without excuses on the Popes part who said that he had bin circumuented and sinisterly informed concerning that matter And to the end the French King should on his part sweare and ratifie the articles of the peace the same comissioners who had first treated thereof were sent into France to weet Don Iohn de Gamboa and the licenciat Don Iohn de Medina both of them of the Kings Councell It was likewise agreede vppon with the French Ambassadors that the towne of Perpignan with other fortresses of the Earledome of Rossillion should bee deliuered as hostages into the Cardinall of Spaines hands and that with in fiue yeares following arbitrators should decide whatsoeuer king Lewis could pretend to be due vnto him Whilest the Spanish Court remayned at Guadalupa God being willing to make peace betwixt Christian Princes in Spaine to the end they might haue leasure to vndertake more worthy enterprises did inspire Donna Beatrice Dutchesse of Viseo widdow to the Infant Don Ferdinand of Portugall Duke of Viseo and Mother to Donna Leonora marryed to Prince Iohn the eldest Sonne and heire of the Crowne of Portugall with a desire to imploy her vttermost credit and meanes for the effecting thereof This Princesse hauing sounded King Alphonsos mynde and finding him to be inclined to an agreement sent word to her neece Queene Isabell for shee was sister to her Mother Queene Isabell widdow to King Iohn yet liuing that if it would please her to come to the frontiers of Portugall shee did hope that some good agreement would be made betwixt them wher-vnto the Queene disposed her selfe with the consent of King Fernand her husband King Iohn of Aragon dyed about this time at Barcelona beeing foure score and one yeares of age Arragon hauing reigned in Nauarre fifty three yeeres and foure moneths and one and twenty yeares and sixe moneths in Arragon The death of Iohn King of Arragon hee was buried in the monastery of Pobleta By his last will and testament hee left his Sonne Don Fernand heire to his Kingdomes of Arragon and Sicill and his daughter Princesse Leonora widdow to Earle of Foix heire to the realme of Nauarre and soone after deputies were sent from the states of Arragon Cattalogne and Valencia to the Court of Spaine to request King Fernand to come and take possession of his dominions they came vnto him in an vnseasonable time by reason the Portugall warre was hotly beganne by the practises of the countesse of Medelin and Don Alphonso de Montroy the pretended maister of Alcantara The King and Queene were aduertised that the army of Portugall was in a redinesse to inuade the country of Extremadura Castille by reason whereof they called the Constable and other Spanish Knights to Court and sent forces to the frontiers with great garrisons to Badajos and other fortes of the same marches where Don Alphonso de Cardegnaâ Maister of Saint Iames was generall who lodged his army at Lobon betwixt Badajos and Merida wherein the Tresorer of Alcantara remayned attending for the Portugalls and the Bishoppe of Ebora their Generall who came with an intent to ioyne with him to preuent which The Portugall army defeated at Albuhera the Maister of Saint Iames did march against the Bishoppe and gaue him battaile in the fieldes of Albuhera the which was fierce and bloudy on either side but the Portugalls were ouerthrowne and the Bishop taken although afterward he escaped away hauing lost their ensignes bagage and all the equigage and munition Batell of Albuhera the maister of Saint Iames and all the King of Castiles Captaines were hurt but aboue the rest the valour and prowesse of Don Martin de Cordoua Sonne to the Earle of Cabra of Sancho del Aquila of Alphonso Henriques and of Rodrigo de Cardegna Cosin to the Maister of Saint Iames was admirable the which Maister by his Iudgement and valour hauing gotten the King and Queene this victory was so charitable as with his owne mony hee releeued the dearth and famine which at that time did oppresse the country of Extremadura in regard whereof the King and Queene did acquit him of three Millions of Marauedis which he was to pay as apension vnto them out of the reuenew of his place After this battaile the Treasorer of Alcantara went to Deleitosa which had beene taken by Roderigo de Monroy his brother Defeate of the Spanish army by sea and the Bishoppe of Ebora went to Medellin to encourage the Countesse who perhaps was valianter than him-selfe Gods will was that the King of Portugall in recompence of this losse should by his army at sea take the fiue and thirty Spanish shippes which came from Guiney wherein was great store of gold which serued well to pay his soldiors and the prisoners to exchang for those which were taken at the land Battaile of Albuhera After this manner are the euents of ioy and sorrow mixed in this miserable world King Fernand beeing importuned to goe into Arragon and considering the notable vnion of those two Kingdomes being at that time at Trugillo where after hee had celebrated the obsequies of King Iohn his father hee treated with the Queene his wife and those of her councell about the forme of precedency and the order which should bee kept in the letters and writings concerning the titles of the realmes and dominions which he commanded diuers of them were of opinion that they should intitle themselues Kings of Spaine in regard the greatest part thereof did obey them but they not beeing willing to exceed the bounds of modesty nor yet to preiudice in that behalfe the Kings of Nauarre and Portugall with whome they were conioyned in bloud did place their titles after this manner Titles of King Fernand and Queene Isabell Frenand and Izabell by the grace of God King and Queene of Castile of Leon of Arragon of Sicill of Toldedo of Valencia of Galicia of Majorque of Siuill of Sardiâia of Cordoua of Corsica of Murcia of Iaen of Algarbes
or brotherhoods and the fift and last for the treasure and royall reuenue At the same time iustice which had a long time beene banished out of Spayne was called home againe and reuerenced and diuers wicked persons punished among whome Hernand Alarcon ãâ¦ã the familiar friend and instigator of the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo a seditious and turbulent person was beheaded by meanes of which example euery man submitted himselfe to law and framed himselfe to a ciuill and honest life then did the tyrannies of great men cease the thefts and robberies of their followers were suppressed in such sort as the fields were as safe as good townes those things which were vsurped were restored to the right owners the seates of iustice were well ordered and diuers good lawes and Edicts were made It was there enacted that the Iewes and Moores in townes and citties should dwell in streetes and places by themselues All Noblemen were forbidden to carrie Guards about with them to place Crownes vppon their shields and armes or to haue vshers to carrie maces or roddes before them vnlesse they were Magistrates not to vse titles in their letters Charity of K. Fernand and Queene Isabel. belonging to Princes and Soueraigne Lords And for that the Kings felt their consciences burthened with the death of many poore people who had followed them in their last warres whose widowes and children were in great necessitie they appoynted a summe of twentie millions of Marauidis to bee distributed vnto such people by Friar Hernand of Talauera as he should thinke it meete and conuenient thinking by laying this charge vppon him to discharge themselues In this assembly of the Estates in the moneth of May Prince Ioane sworne vnto with great sollemnitie the Infant Don Iohn was according to the custome of Spayne sworne vnto as Prince of the Asturia's and heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon in the presence of the Prelats and Lords whose names follow The Cardinall Don Pedro Gonçales of Mendoza Arch-bishoppe of Siuill and withall Bishoppe of Siguença Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Bishoppe of Palence Friar Alphonso of Burgos Bishop of Cordoua with others of the Clergie For the Nobilitie and State militarie Don Alphonso of Cardegna Master of Saint Iames Don Pero Fernandes of Velasco Constable of Castile and Earle of Haro Don Alphonso Henriques great Admirall of Castile and the Kings Vnkle Don Pero Aluares Osorio Marquis of Astorga and Earle of Transtamara Don Aluaro of Mendoza Earle of Castro Don Lorenzo Suares of Mendoza Earle of Crugna Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoza Earle of Tendilla Don Diego Lopes of Estuniga Earle of Miranda Don Fernand Aluares of Toledo Earle of Oropesa Don Guttiere de Sottomajor Earle of Benalcaçar Don Bertrand de la Cueua Earle of Ledesma Don Diego Fernandes of Quignones Earle of Luna Don Iohn de Ribera Lord of Montemajor Don Aluar Peres of Guzman Lord of Saint Eulalia Don Guttiere of Cardegna great Commaunder of Leon with diuers others of name and place For the third estate the Deputies of the Citties on this side and beyond the mounts did take the accustomed oath to wit for old Castile Burgos Leon Segobia Auila Soria Zamora Toro and Salamanca and for the other part Toledo Guadalajara and Cuenca and for Andalusia Siuill Cordoua and Iaen and the Cittie of Murcia for that Countrey Diuers Lords likewise of the Realme Arragon were present at this solemnitie as Don Raymond Bishoppe of Vrgell and Don Philip of Arragon bastard-sonne to the late Prince Charles Nephew to the King and cousin germaine to Prince Iohn At this assembly Don Andrea de Cabrera and Donna Beatrix of Bouadilla his wife were created Marquises of Moya with graunt of twelue hundred vassals neere to Segobia for the good seruices which they had done to the kings Don Ferdinand and Donna Isabella at whose table the more to honour them they did eate the same day The Parlament or assembly of States being ended the Court came to Medina del campo where they began to take great paines to haue the ordonances of the Estates executed and put in practise vppon the vsurpations tyrannies quarrels and enmities which were past In the same towne a knight whose name was Aluar Ianes of Lugo was put to death who being couetous to adde to his owne great wealth the goods of a certaine Cittizen hired a certaine Notarie or Scriuener to make some false and counterfeite contracts and to the end the deceit might not be knowne hee foorth-with payed him his hire cutting his throate and burying him secretly in the back-side of his owne house the which murther was discouered by the diligent inquirie of the poore widdow whose husband was neuer seene abroade since hee was seene to go into the Knights house This Gentleman was taken A muâtherâus gentleman câeâuâed conuicted and beheaded notwithstanding his great friends and kindred who offered fortie thousand Duckets for to saue his life which was a great summe in those dayes which sundrie of the Councel wished the Kings to take but these Princes beeing great Iusticers would not hearken to it but the Knight was executed according to his deserts The yeare 1481. the Kings departed from Medina King Fernand and Queene Isabell zealous of Iustâce and did take leaue the one of the other for a certaine time the Queene went to Vailliodolit and the King made a voyage into Arragon with intent to haue the like oath made there to his son Prince Iohn as the States of Castile had done at Toledo and to order the State of his owne patrimoniall Kingdome as also to demaund a certaine subsidie of money of his subiects there The King beeing at Sarragossa the Cardinall of Foix and his brother Don Iames Vnkles to the young King Francis Phoebus of Nauarre Nauarre came thither to him to beseech him to ayde him with forces and meanes to suppresse his audacious subiects which did disturbe the peace of his Kingdome who contemning his youth did commit infinite tyrannies there whom king Fernand did most louingly receiue as his Nephewes sonnes to Queene Leonora his sister and did promise concerning their demaunds to performe the office of a Christian Prince friend and neere kinsman to the young king During his aboade at Sarragossa the Marshall of Nauarre who was at Tudela had ordinarie intelligence with diuers Castillan Lords some of whome knowing their masters will did beginne to treate of meanes for the pacification of the factions of Beaumont and Grammont by whome the kingdome was spoiled Amongst those which did most earnestly employ themselues therein was a Friar Preacher to king Fernand whose name was Abarca The Estates of Nauarre at Tafalla who dealt in such sort as hee agreed vpon a marriage betwixt Philip of Nauarre the Marshall and a daughter of the Earle Lewis of Lerin which he thought would bee a meanes that these two Lords would forget all former hatred and become heartie and affectionate friends by whose example
manned where Diego de Merlo Don Martin of Cordoua and Hernand Carillo remayned Captaines After that the armie was gone the King of Granado hauing notice thereof he did foorth-with returne backe to assayle Alhama and brought at this time no more engines of batterie with him than at the former but only a great number of ladders thinking in regard it was not yet thoroughly fortified nor rampired to take it by the multitude of his souldiers and at last hauing assayled it day and night without ceassing he earely in a morning scaled it in a place which was not thought vppon so as he put three-score and ten Moorish souldiers into it and had caused greater numbers to haue entred had not a souldier perceyued them and giuen the alarme wherefore the Christians running to that place did cut in peeces those that were entred and repulsed the rest who endeauoured to follow them The successe of those assaults was not according to king Muley Albohacens expectation therefore he went thence once againe with an intent to returne thither with artillerie In the meane space Queene Izabella hauing left the Admirall Viceroy of Castile marched with those forces which she had leauied towards Cordoua to meete the King being attended on by the Constable who refused to be Viceroy of Castile saying that warre and armes were the proper offices belonging to an high Constable of Spaine The Kings Councell did determine and almost conclude to raze the Cittie of Alhama Alhama preserued at the instance of Q. Izaâel inregard it stoode in the middest of the Realme of Granado and therefore very hardly to be kept but the Queene who was desirous to preserue it as the first conquest of her raigne did perswade the contrarie so as it was not ruined and order was giuen to assayle and take in all the sorts and castles nere adioyning The Kings came after that to Eccia Death of Don Alphonso Carillâ where they receyued newes of the decease of D. Alphonso Carillo of Acugna Arch-bishop of Toledo who dyed at Alcala de Henares they procured the election to the same dignitie for the Cardinall Pero Gonçales of Mendoza the seuentith Arch-bishop of that Sea and Primate of Spaine and the Arch-bishoppricke of Siuile was giuen to Don Inigo Manriques Bishop of Iaen There were at the same time with the King Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Bishop of Palence the Masters of Saint Iames and Calarraua the Constable the Dukes of Villa-hermosa Infantasgo Medina Celi Albuquerque the Marquis of Villena and Cales the Earles of Vregna Cabra Treuigno Tendilla Cifuentes and Benalcaçar Don Alphonso d'Aguilar Don Henry Henriques great Master and the Kings vncle Iohn Chacon Roderigo of Vlloa Don Frederick of Toledo sonne to the Duke of Alua Don Iohn de Ribera Lord of Montmajor Don Alphonso of Cardenaz Don Antonio Fonseca Hernand of Vega with other Lords and Knights of great name Don Iohn of Estuniga master of Alcantara by reason of his young yeares was absent with his father the Duke of Plaisance With this companie the king departed from Eccia with eight thousand horse and great numbers of foot and came to Alhama the which they fortified with rampars bulwarkes and other sufficient defences and the king made Don Lewis Fernandes Porto Carrero Lord of Palma Gouernor thereof leauing him foure hundred horse the Cardinall did purifie and blesse the three Mesquites or churches with the accustomed ceremonies and dedicated them to other vses then the army began to ouer-run the country on euery side whilst the queene busied her selfe in prouiding victuals armes munition and other necessaries for the wars The Christian army being strengthened with new supplies did presently beseege Loxa and was lodged amongst the Oliue trees vallies and little hils neere to the riuer of Guadaxenil The Mooreking on his part lost neither time nor courage but fortified and desended the passages and streights by the which the enemies might assayle him and approch towards Granado sending to the Kings and Potentates of Affrica to aduertize them of the dangerous warre wherein he was ingaged intreating them for the religion common betwixt them for the honour of their nation for the equall danger which threatned them if Granado should be lost that they would come or send to his ayde and he did in the meane time oppose his owne forces against the Christians and on either part there were valiant incounters and skirmishes performed where neuerthelesse Don Roderigo Telles Giron Master of Calatraua's happe was hard who dyed beeing shot thorough the bodie with two poysoned arrowes The Moores make surious saâlies vppon the Christians and Don Garcia Lopes of Padilla was promoted to his place and was the last Master of that Order King Fernand beeing desirous to change and alter the seate and lodging of his armie to a more conuenient place there were sharpe skirmishes in the remoouing of the campe where the Constable receyued two wounds in his face the beseeged who were not aboue three thousand made continuall sallies vppon the Christians with such furie and brauing as it was to be wondred at and did oftentimes put the great Lords and Captaines which kept those quarters which they assayled in great danger of their liues committing notable spoyles vppon their troupes and the Duke of Medina Celi and the Earle of Tendilla did hardly escape with their liues beeing rescued by the forces of the Earle of Playsance which his sonne Don Franciso of Estuniga brought to their ayde the Kings owne person was likewise succored by Don Iohn de Ribera Lord of Montmajor assisted greatly by Don Fredericke of Toledo sonne to the Duke of Alua Don Antonio de Fonseca Don Alphonso of Cardenaz and Hernand of Vega. Such was the enraged hardinesse of the Moores as notwithstanding that they were beaten backe and streightly shut in by the valour and industrie of the Marquis of Cales The seege of Loxa raised yet they constrayned King Fernand to raise his seege and returne to Cordoua The souldiers which lay in Alhama hauing notice of what had happened and of the Kings retreate from before Loxa fearing that the Moores would returne to beseege them cryed out to haue the towne razed and ouerthrowne and to returne home to their houses but Don Lewis Fernandes Porto Carrero and Pero Ruis of Alarcon with others did oppose themselues against it and hindred it The king of Granado came thither the third time and did greatly annoy them but they valiantly defended themselues vntill K. Fernand came with succour to deliuer them from the seege who changed both the garrison and the Gouernour and left other souldiers there vnder the commaund of Dou Lewis Osorio Arch-deacon of Astorga and brother to the Marquis of the same place That beeing done the Christian armie did forrage burn and spoyle the countrie of Granado from whence they carried away much spoile and many prisoners to Cordoua Mahomet Boabdellin called the Little and the twentith king of Granado THe Christian
drawing all the Potentates of Italy to their Factions VVars of Italy appeased who by the diligence and good meanes of Don Iohn Bishoppe of Girone chiefe of that Ambassage and by the fauour and authoritie of the Kings of Castile were reconciled albeit the Venetians did alwaies nourish a secret hatred and contempt of King Fernand and Queene Izabella and did not greatly care to obserue the peace In this meane space the Captaines which lay vppon the frontiers of Granado made inroades and incredible spoyles vppon the Moores especially those of the Garrison of Alhama from whence a craftie and cunning Squire whose name was Iohn de Corrall of Diego Lopes d'Aâala his companie came foorth by meanes of a safe-conduct to conferre with the King of Granado giuing him to vnderstand how that hee of himselfe could vse meanes to cause Alhama to bee restored vnto him wherewith the Moore king was so pleased as he offered readily on his part to yeeld vp Zahara and to set all the Christian prisoners at libertie giuing a great quantitie of gold and besides that to pay tribute and for euer to become vassall to the kings of Castile Iohn de Corrall with these promises came to the Kings and declared to them in part what he had treated with the King of Granado his chiefe drift beeing onely to get gifâs and rewards whereuppon the Kings giuing credite vnto him gaue him limited authoritie to contract with the Moore Beeing returned to Granado the Moore King who thought that the principall Article of his Commission was for the restitution of Alhama had not the patience to consider and looke vppon Iohn de Corral his authoritie but beganne readily on his part to performe what hee had promised causing diuers Christian prisoners to be set at liberty Then Iohn de Corall contenting himselfe with that which was done came to Iaen and told the Duke of Nagera how he had deceiued the king of Granado who presently sent to the Duke to complaine of this deceipt The Duke sent Iohn de Corrall to the Court aduertising the Kings what he had done whereat they were highly discontented and they did commaund that the prisoners ransomes should bee payed Integrity of â Fernand and Q. Izabel and that Iohn de Corrall should pay backe the money iewels and other presents that hee had receiued of the King of Granado and that hee should bee kept prisoner in Antequera vntill hee had made full restitution and that the warre should stand vppon the selfe-same tearmes as before Notwithstanding that the Kings had begunne the warre of Granado and did greatly suspect the French on the side of Nauarre yet for that they did not giue ouer to vndertake matters of great importance either of them beeing of an haughtie and magnanimous courage Of the seauen Ilands called the Canaries which are girdled with the Atlantick Ocean foure of them were alreadie conquered by the valor and industrie of certaine inhabitants of Seuill Canaries made subiects to the Kings of Castil euer since the raigne of King Iohn the second and there remayned yet the great Canarie Thenerif and the I le of Palmes to be brought vnder the subiection of the kings of Castile therefore this yeare 1483. they sent thither Alphonso of Muxica and Pedro de Vera valiant Captaines and no lesse skilfull in sea-fights than at land who landed in the great Canaries where they found two kings striuing for the principalitie thereof they fauoured one of them and dealt in such sort as hauing rooted out the other they obtained the gouernement of the Island the Cittie was erected into a Bishops Sea and translated from the Isle of Lançarot In Andalusia the Master of Saint Iames the Marquis of Cales the Earle of Cifuentes Gouernour of Siuill Don Alphonso d'Aguilar Don Pedro Henriques Captaine of the frontiers and others came to Antequera with an intent to spoile the countrey of las Lomas de Malaga The Christians defeated called Axarquia a territorie abounding in cattell of the which enterprise the Moores had notice who made themselues readie to charge them on the sudden when they should least looke for it hauing driuen their cattell into streights and strong places The Christians beeing entred into the countrey beganne to spoyle and they soone found sharpe resistance wherefore in regard of the streightnesse of the countrey and because they found not such booties as they expected they thought to turne backe but beeing ignorant of the wayes and ouertaken by the night they fell into streight and narrow places betwixt certaine hilles which were filled with enemies at the last they came into a valley where with great labour and disaduantage they were enforced to fight all that night with the Moores the which did greatly amaze the whole army The Master of Saint Iames beeing valiant and couragious in striuing to ascend an hill lost his Ensigne-bearer and a kinsman of his owne called Iohn d'Osorno Iohn Baçan and other Commaunders who sold their liues at a deare rate the Marquis of Cales did in like manner follow the Master of Saint Iames but the victorious Moores ouerthrew his troupes likewise and slue Don Diego Don Lope and Don Bertrand his brethren and Don Lorenzo and Don Manuel his nephewes euen in his sight yet notwithstanding himselfe the Master of Saint Iames and Don Pedro Henriques did escape with great danger The Earle of Cifuentes making meanes to escape among the rest was taken prisoner with Don Bernardin Manrique the Captaines of Antequera and Moron and diuers others great was the slaughter of the souldiers at this defeate the which was notable and of great consequence The Moores carried away the Earle and the rest of the prisoners to Granado but they did not long reioyce in the good hap of their victorie for the Christians soone after tooke a sharpe vengâance on them for King Mahomet Boabdellin surnamed the Little hauing with great troupes of horse and foote ouer-runne and spoyled the territorie of Lucena and Aguilar at his returne backe beeing pestred with great heards of cattaile and other booties Don Diego of Cordoua Earle of Cabra who lay in garrison at Beana to resist such enterprises and Don Diego Fernandes of Cordoua on the one side did pursue him to cause him to leaue his bootie behind him and Don Alphonso of Aguilar on the other side with his troupes placed themselues in ambush in a narrow streight thorough which they were to passe at their returne with intent to charge them on a sudden Now the King who had tenne Moores for one Christian of the Earle of Cabra's band which followed him made no difficultie to stay for them yet they charged one another with great furie The Moores defeated and their King taken prisoner where the Moores notwithstanding their multitudes prooued the weaker and thinking to make a safe retreate they fell into Don Alphonso d'Aguilars ambush who slue a thousand of them vpon the same place the rest leauing their prey behind
remaining in the Citty fortifying himselfe in certaine places King Muley vnderstanding of Don Fredericks comming sent to offer him battaile but hee would not accept thereof saying that the Moores feigned to haue quarrels among themselues by that meanes to entrappe him and his soldiours and to enclose them wherefore keeping his forces in good order without stirring hee placed the Moores horsemen ledde by Aben-comix in the Front to sustaine the enemies skirmishes which were furious and bloudy King Muley Boabdelin el Zagal perceiuing that the Christians kept themselues in order and that by no meanes they would come to battaile hee did re-enter the Citty and began to assaile the Albaycin which was couragiously defended in regarde that Don Frederick stayed more then an houre after in order of battaile before the Citty but afterward hee returned into his Fort leauing the Moores to murther one another and because hee knew that vpon Mahomet the littles victory King Ferdinands and Queene Isabels content and profit did depend hee sent him certaine Harquebuziers vnder the conduct of Ferdinand Aluares Gouernour of Colmera by whose valour the Albaycin held out and the assaults and combates continued fifty dayes after King Boabdelins people beeing vexed within by King Mahomet and abroad by the Christians of the next garrisons Whilest these troubles continued in Granado betwixt the two factions Castile King Ferdinand hauing assembled and reuiewed the troopes which from all parts were arriued at Cordoua hee went to field with an Armie of twenty thousand horse as well men at Armes as Genets and of fifty thousand foote the chiefe Commanders were the Maisters of Saint Iames and Alcantara the Duke of Nagera the Marquis of Cales and Villena the Earles of Benauent Vregna Cabra Oropesa Feria Cifuentes Osorno Medellin and Ribadeo Don Alphonso d' Aguilar the Treasurer of Calatraua with the Captaines generall of the Frontiers of Andaluzia and Murcia Those which sent their forces thether were the Cordinall of Spaine Archbishop of Toledo the Archbishop of Siuill the Bishops of Burgos and Cuenca the Dukes of Medina Sidonia Alua Playsance Medina Celi and Albuquerque the maister of Calatraua the Marquis of Astorga and Agullâr the Earles of Castro Cragna Saint Steeuens Miranda Nieua Priego Fuensailda Alua de Lista Montagu the Constable the great Commanders of Calatraua and Leon with other Lords and Knights of Castile There came likewise from Arragon diuers great Lords among whom was Don Phillip of Nauarre bastard sonne to the late Prince Charles of Viana whom King Ferdinand his Vncle had newly made maister of the order of Montesa in the Realme of Valentia hauing obtained it of the Pope and deposed Philip Boyll from the same dignity who had beene elected maister thereof conuentually Don Lewis Borgia Duke of Gandia was likewise there with many others of Arragon 1487. Valentia Sicill and Sardinia With these great forces they vndertooke to goe and beseege Malaga Velez Malaga besieged but first of all it was thought fit to remooue all letts and impediments that Velez Malaga might do vnto them the which place was beseeged in Aprill 1487. And the king being desirous to lodge certaine companies of footmen vpon a rising hill which did greatly import the saftie of the armie the Moores making a furious salley foorth of the cittie did beate them from thence and the King was the same time armed with a Cuirasse his sword in his hand exposing himselfe that day to the enemies arrowes and shot which fell round about him as thicke as haile beeing in great danger of his person neuerthelesse his people by his presence were encouraged and forced the Moores to turne their backes and to shut themselues into the towne Albeit that this valour of the kings be prayse-worthie and highly to bee extolled as a singular example yet notwithstanding it may be reproued in regard of the conicquence of a mischiefe which might haue happened therefore they besought him no more to hazard his person in such dangerous attempts The next day they assayled the suburbes where the Moores had barricadoed themselues who defended it for the space of sixe whole houres with such obstinacie as the Christians could not get one foote of ground from them vntill that the Duke of Nagera and the Earle of Benauent came with fresh succours who caused the enemies to leaue the place but to the cost of diuers for Nugno d' Aquila and Don Martin of Acugna were flayne there Don Carlo of Gueuara Garcy Lazo de la Vega Fernando de Vega Iohn de Merlo with diuers other men of note were hurt The Artillerie was not yet come to the campe therefore King Fernand caused diuers forts to be made against the citie wherein he lodged diuers companies of souldiers and being well acquainted with the Mores pollicies he placed in all the wayes that led to the campe in the mountaines and vallies which might any way be an hinderance to the armie diuers watches and sentinels with places for them to retire vnto which were well furnished and defended by valiant souldiers vppon which occasions sundrie profitable things were ordained necessarie for martiall discipline the Moores neuer ceasing from comming downe from the Mountaines and making many enterprises vppon the armie which they kept in continuall alarme King Muley Boabdallin on the other side beeing importuned by the Affricane Captaines and old Moores of Granado to succor Velez Malaga he went to field with great numbers of horse and foote and passing thorough sharpe and narrow places hee sent part of his forces from Bentomnix against the Master of Alcantara who conducted the artillerie but hauing intelligence that king Fernand had sent the great Commaunder of Leon for his conuoy he called backe the Moores and with all his forces he beganne the very same night to come downe from the hilles and presented himselfe in order of battell in the view of the Christian armie making shew as if they would succour the beseeged or else dye in fight this sudden and vnlookt-for arriuall of the enemies made diuers at their wits end and did in a manner terrifie them wherefore it behooued king Fernand to vse his best skill and discretion so to order matters as he might not receiue a disgrace but Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza brother to the Cardinall of Spaine a braue and resolute knight beeing in the fore-ward with the Cardinals forces did put them out of feare for he gallantly opposed himselfe against the front of the Mores battalions Shamefull retreate of the Moores and made them to stand still They perceiuing the Christians valour and boldnesse did dislodge by breake of day like runawayes in such amazement as many of them flung away their weapons and armor to be the lighter to run This notwithstanding the king would not be ouer confident but caused euery man to stand still in his order the whole day long and the night following vntill he had certaine notice that the Moores flight was not fained but
on by the Cardinall of Spaine by Don Lewis Osorio Bishop of Iaen Alphonso de Cardegna Maister of Saint Iames Iohn de Estuniga Maister of Alcantara Don Rodrigo Alphonso Pimentell Earle of Benauent Don Lorenzâ Suares de Figueroa Earle of Feria Don Pedro Porto caâero Lord of Palma Rodrigo de Vlloa who went as Ambassador with other great numbers of nobilitie With this company the Princesse arriued at Badajos in the beginning of Nouember ãâã a small streame diuiding Castile from Portugal and passing on to the bridge of Caia ouer a little streame which deuided Castile from Portugall shee was deliuered into the hands of Don Manuell Duke of Beja cousin germaine to the King who beeing accompanied with the Bishops of Ebora and Coimbra with the Earles of Monsanto and Marialua and diuerse other Knights they brought her to Estremos where King Iohn and the Prince his sonne met her and in that place they were married by George d' Acosta Archbishop of Braga after that they went to Ebora Mariage of the Infants D. Alphonso of Portugall and Isabell of Castile where they feasted with great pompe and magnificence Don George bastard sonne to the King was present at the wedding who was newly come from the Monastery of Iesus d'Auero where hee had till then beene brought vp vnder the gouernment of Don Ioane his Aunt the Kings sister who dyed not long before At these feasts the King maintained the tilt against all knights that would runne furnishing them with horse and armor This yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety and one the kings of Castile beeing at Siuill Castille they began to giue order for the siege of Granado sending for the Knights and men of warre from all places of the kingdome as well on this side as beyond the hills commanding them to meete at Alcala the reall to which place they went in the moneth of Aprill hauing in their company the Prince and the Infantas their children who with the Queene remained at Alcala The king passing on into the plaine countrey of Granado with the Armie consisting of ten thousand horse and about forty thousand footemen in the which were in person the Maister of Saint Iames the Marquis of Villena hee of Cales and his brother in lawe Don Rodrigo Ponce de Leon who did begin this warre the Earles of Vregna Cabro Cifuentes and Don Alphonso de Aguilar diuerse great Lords which came not themselues sent thither their forces The Constable remained Viceroy in Castile the old The Campe hauing marched as farre as the place called Los ojos de Huescar stayed there and the Marquis of Vellena was sent with 3. thousand horse and 5. thousand foot into the valley of Aletin to other places and passages of the country called Alpuxarras to spoile it and because the King was aduertized that in the same country were a great number of Moores able to make resistance he followed the Marquis and passing along by Granado he maintained skirmish with diuers Moores which came forth for that purpose who with great losse were repulsed the King went forward and by the way met the Marquis and his troupes as they returned who had burned and destroied nine townes and slue more then fiue hundred Moores whom they found carelesse and secure thinking themselues safe from any search in those sharpe and stony places so their forces beeing ioyned together they returned againe into Las Alpuxarras to make an end of spoyling what was left And King Fernand hauing notice that three captaines of the Moores were come forth of Granado and had made themselues masters of a passage he sent the Marquis thither who fought with them and draue them thence hee slue aboue one hundred of them and tooke three score prisoners and they destroied fifteene townes more in the country besides those nine aboue mentioned with great store of spoile which they carried away with them for the Moores did alwaies thinke that their goods were safer in those places then in the city of Granado After which exploit the army was brought backe to Pradal from thence marched to a place called Gosto There the king by the aduice of the Lords which were with him Seege of Granada caused the compasse of a city to be measured out which was called Saint Foy with an intent to build houses in that place for the beginning of the army if it should be constrained to winter there and if the seege of Granado should bee drawne out in length The city of Holy faith as it was greatly feared they gaue it the title of Saint Foy in regard that warre was vndertaken for the augmentation of the Holy Christian faith Round about the foresaid compasse the campe was lodged being fortified and rampired with trenches and walls for feare of surprizes in which workes the Moores failed not to hinder them by comming forth of Granado with continual skirmishes The Queene with her children came from Alcala to the campe the Maister of Saint Iames and the Marquis of Cales went forth to meet them and she with her Ladies were lodged in the safest place of al the campe and they did oftentimes ride about the quarters where for their disport they did many times behold the fights and skirmishes which were almost euery houre made a farre off and one especially among the rest where as the Moores in great troupes being come forthwith two peeces of Artillery A great skirmish wherein the Moores are defeated did loose them with 600. of their men slaine vpon the place and more then fourteene hundred of them hurt the Marquis of Cales leading the Christians who attributed that victory to the Queenes good hap and she ascribed it to the Marquis his good fortune Now those of Granado were not long able to hold out for the greater numbers of horsmen which were wont to sally forth of the city Great necessity in the city of Granado were so diminished as they hardly had 300. horse of seruice the rest were lost and consumed in the last wars and besides this the city which conteined aboue 200. thousand persons was very ill prouided of victuals so that diuers caualiers and men of great note began to deuise means how to treat with the Christians for their safty to be short al of them considering the state whereinto they were brought and that they had no hope or expectation of reliefe from any place they were glad to hearken vnto composition and agreement in yeelding vp the city to the Kings of Castile wherefore King Mahomet the Little resolued to giue place to necessity and to receiue this fattall wound to fall from his crowne and regall dignity and to become vassal and subiect to his enemies and to that purpose he sent to entreat the Kings to appoint commissioners to treat and compound with him This newes was pleasing to the Christians who did not thinke to haue gotten it so good cheape therefore D. Gonçall Hernandes de Cordoua
richly attyred like a king meaning to giue sentence against Gregorie who lay prostrate vpon the earth praying vnto God that he would maintaine the glorie of his name and his truth against all Apostats the which he demaunded earnestly not to saue his life the which he was readie to loose a thousand times for the confession of the faith but to the end the simple should not be abused with the deceits of the Apostat Osius Wherupon it happened that as Osius was readie to pronounce sentence against Gregorie he sunke downe to the ground Osius strucken with the hard of God dyeth hauing his mouth and necke drawne on the one side and so dyed The Gouernor amazed at this strange accident kneeling downe asked Gregorie forgiuenesse confessing his ignorance and excusing it vpon the commaundement of the emperour his prince These things are written by Isidorus but S. Augustine giues a better testimonie of Osius writing against Parmenian In the yeare of our redemption 369 Anno 369. there came vnto the bishopricke of Rome which was not yet soueraigne Damasus a Spaniard borne at Vimaranes a place in Portugall betwixt Minio and Duero three leagues from Braga he succeeded Felix who was an Arrian and therefore not numbred in the catalogue of the Bishops of Rome for that they would make this ãâã without all blemish Among his other qualities they say he was a good Poet Saint Ierosme was his Secretarie During the time of Constantines children Iuuencus a Spanish priest and Poet liued Constantius the emperour was alreadie dead with Iulian and Iouinian his successours of whom Spaine hath nothing to speake And then did Valentinian raigne in the West and Valens in the East Vnder Valens the Gothes chased by the Dacians inuaded the Romane empire whereas as the first they were receiued in peace but the couetousnesse and wickednesse of Gouernours made them take armes The Gothes inuade the ãâã empire so as there grew a sharp warre in the which the emperour Valens himselfe was slaine This nation did erect a kingdome in Spaine whose race according to the common opinion hath continued vnto this day The impietie of Valens The emperour Valens was addicted to the Arrian heresie to Negromancie and other impieties We read that being carefull who should succeed him in the empire he was deceiued by the enemie of mankind a murtherer from the beginning who shewed him the letters ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã and persuaded him that his name that should hold the empire after him should begin with them Whereof the emperour growing jealous he caused all the Theodores Theodoses Theophiles and others whose names were compounded of Theos to be slaine But Theodosius who succeeded him a Spaniard bome fell not into his hands Hee was adopted by Gratian in the yeare three hundred fourescore and two Anno 383. or fourescore and three according vnto some and raigned after him in the East Valentinian the second brother to Gratian holding the Westerne empire His father was called Theodosius and his mother Thermantia and descended from the race of Traian During his empire there came out of Italie into Spaine Paulin the Poet a great friend to Ausonius who became a monke and liued a solitarie life At the same time Priscilian bishop of Auila published his heresie mingled with the impieties of the Manicheans and Gnostiques the which was condemned in a Counsell held at Bourdeaux some time after He was a sectarie to one Marke a Disciple to Basilides who during the empire of the Antonines had brought this heresie into Spaine where it was receiued and fauoured by a great ladie called Agape and drew to his opinions Helpidius a Rhetorician so as this mischiefe lay smothered for a time vntill that Priscilian did publish it a man issued from a noble familie in Gallicia eloquent and subtile The fourth yeare of Theodosius empire Ann. 368. which was in the yeare three hundred fourescore and six or fourescore and seuen there died at Constantinople in Theodosius his court Athanaric king of the Gothes who was become a friend and allie to the Romanes Isidorus affirmes That the yeare following the Gothes being impatient of the Romane yoke did chuse Alaric for their king Others hold that it was 14 yeares after whereof we will intreat at large in the next booke In the yeare 388 Priscilian hauing beene condemned in the Counsel of Bourdeaux he retired to Treues Priscilian the hereââke ãâ¦ã to a tyrant called Maximin some call him Clemens Maximus who hauing caused Euodius his constable to heare him he cut off his head and of other his sectaries among the which was Matronianus a Spaniard Bishops ãâã for that they made themselues ãâã parties ãâ¦ã an excellent Poet. Ithacius and Visatius Bishops were accusers and parties against Priscilian by reason whereof they were excommunicated and banished Sigebert saith That it was taken ill when as by the accusation of any man a Bishop was put to death For one hereticke author of a sect in Spaine there liued in those times many religious and learned men as Lucinius Beticus Abigaus Abundius Auitus Olympus Audentius Vigilantius who although he were a Gaule yet he did reside at Barcelona against whom S. Ierosme did write very vehemently for that hee did condemne the superfluous honour done vnto the reliques Theodosius hauing in the yeare 387 made his sonne Arcadius Caesar tenne yeares after he aduanced Honorius his other sonne to the same dignitie who after his decease were Emperours Arcadius in the East and Honorius in the West by the death of Valentinian the second and of Eugenius the tyrant these two princes were borne in Spaine as the Poet Claudian writes In their time the Gothes began to disperse themselues ouer the West where they committed infinit spoyles vntill in the end they setled themselues in Gaule Spaine and lastly in Italie blemishing the name and majestie of the Emperours in these rich Prouinces ⧠THE FIFTH BOOKE OF the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 THe beginning of the Gothes and their aduentures in Hungarie Mesia and Thrace 2 Their Religion 3 Their warres against the Emperours of the East 4 Descent of the Gothes into Italie vnder Alaric 5 Athaulphe who first erected the Gothes kingdome in Gaule and inuaded Spaine 6 First Councell of Toledo and the estate of religion then in Spaine 7 Vallia the first king of the Gothes which erected a kingdome in Spaine 8 Reigne of the Sueues in Gallicia 9 Reigne of Theodoric the second king of Gothes in Spaine 10 Torismond the third king of Gothes 11 Theodoric the second of that name and fourth king of Gothes 12 Henry the fifth king 13 Alaric the second of that name sixt king 14 Gensalaric the seuenth king his cruelties and death 15 Amalaric the eight king and vnder him the second Councell of Toledo 16 Councels at Tarracone Girone Sarragosse Ilerda and Valencia 17 The second Councell of Toledo 18 Discourse vpon the vncertainetie of the histories
which were violent and ill instructed They say that Iustus Archbishop of Toledo was strangled in his bed by some of his owne Clergie he was a man without modestie and so violent in his actions as before his death his sences failed him King Sisenand died nineteene dayes after the Archbishop Iustus hauing raigned about six yeares The Gothes lawes and ordinance in Spaine were also reformed in this kings time with the authoritie of the Councell aboue mentioned in the which was receiued the razing of Clergie mens haire in manner of a crowne 22. Cinthilla 33 CInthilla raigned after Sisenand Ann. 637. in the first yeare of whose raigne the fift Councell was held at Toledo 5 Councell of Toledo Eugenius the Archbishop of that place presiding where there assembled 24 bishops among the which the vertue and doctrine of Braule bishop of Sarragosse was famous Eugenius was also learned especially in Astrologie The same yeare Isidorus Archbishop of Seuille died of whom the Spaniards make great esteeme for his sanctitie and learning and for the number of bookes which he hath written The yere following there was another Councell held at Toledo whither came 44 bishops 6 Councell of Toledo and six suffraganes or vicars being in all as some write 52 where Eugenius did also preside There was a perpetual law imposed vpon the kings of Spaine A violent decree of the sixt Councell of Toledo not to suffer any one to liue within their dominions that was not a Catholike the which their kings should solemnely sweare before they were crowned and if any king should goe against that law which he had thus sworne he should be excommunicate and accursed Thus did those reuerend Fathers labour to draw the sick and languishing to their saluation after the example of our Sauiour Iesus Christ and his Apostles Cinthilla dyed the fourth yeare of his raigne 23. Tulca 34 AFter him Tulca was chosen king Anno 641. endowed with all the vertues requisit for a prince but he died the second yeare of his raigne as the Spaniards write but Sigebert saith that the Visigothes did reject him for his lightnesse and youth and that hee was made a Clergie man 24. Cindasiunthe and his sonne 35 CIndasiunthe tooke the place of Tulca and raigned six yeares alone ouer the Gothes Anno 742. and foure yeares and seuen moneths with his sonne Flauius Reccesiunthe The bishops of Rome were now inthronized in their Primat began to force obedience throughout all Christendome Popes Priââââ no lesse from princes and kings than from their fellow bishops wherefore to settle the Primat in Spaine they were forced to haue a Bull and permission from Pope Theodore the first or Martin the first then raigning by the which this primacie was referred to the election of the bishops of that prouince Vntill that time the Archbishop of Seuille had held this ranke rather of honour than of power but it falling out that Theodisque the Archbishop a Grecian borne a man more learned in the tongues than religous seeing himselfe pursued by the other bishops and prelats of Spaine being accused to haue corrupted the workes of Isidorus who was held a Saint and therefore deposed from his Archbishopricke in open Councell he was so transported as hauing abandoned the Christian religion he retired himselfe into Africke with the Mahumetists the Primacie of Spaine was then transferred from Seuille to Toledo Seuille yields the Primacie to Toledo whereas the seuenth Synode was celebrated by fortie bishops the fift yeare of the raigne of Cindasiunthe when as he receiued his sonne for a companion and assistant in the gouernment of his estate 7 Councell at Toledo seeking thereby to make the kingdome of the Gothes hereditarie This young prince was held verie deuout and studious of diuinitie but aboue all things he was curious to build and inrich churches During their raigne there liued another Eugenius successour to the Archbishop of Toledo aboue mentioned famous for his sanctitie of life and doctrine aduanced by force by the king to the Archbishopricke King Cindasiunthe dyed of poyson as some beleeue hauing raigned ten yeares or thereabouts he and his wife are interred in the monasterie of S. Romane at this day called Hormisga betwixt Toro and Tordesillas vpon the riuer of Duero 25. Reccesiunthe 36 REccesiunthe his sonne Ann. 652. raigned alone and soone after his fathers decease there was a Councell held at Toledo of eight and fortie bishops and ten vicars of such as had lawfull lets and could not come 8 Councell of Toledo there were some abbots and many earles and dukes did assist there In those times earles were of greater dignitie than dukes In this Councell being the eight it was decreed That they should abstaine from eating flesh in Lent without leaue in cases of ineuitable necessitie vpon paine of excommunication and not to eat any flesh in a yeare after so much they did regard these accessaries of religion confirming and amplifying in the meane time their authoritie with the people In Lusitania certaine lewd and cruell persons sought to rauish a virgine called Irene Irene a chast virgine against whom she made such resistance as being impatient in their damnable lust they slew her and cast her into the riuer of Nabanin Her bodie was carried to the towne of Salabis the which changed the name and is called Saint Irene an argument of great sanctitie seeing she preferred her chastitie before her life The chiefe of these lustfull murtherers was called Britaud Portamius Archbishop of Bracar Decree of the 9 Councell of Toledo was not so vertuous for the celibate of Clergie men being then in request and the children begotten by them declared incapable to inherit their fathers goods and were deliuered for slaues to churches by the ninth Councell held at Toledo in the seuenth yeare of Reccesiunthe he fell to be loose of life yet hee did acknowledge it openly in the Councell following held at Toledo which was the tenth and did willingly resigne his Archbishopricke to whom Fructuosus succeeded a man of a noble familie being then bishop of Dume the founder of many monasteries and chappels The eight yeare of the raigne of Reccesiunthe Spaine was much terrified for that there appeared starres in the firmament at noone day and the Sunne was ecclipsed There came two heretikes Heretikes HeluidianS called Theude and Pelagius out of Gothike Gaule into Spaine who denied the perpetuall virginitie of Marie the mother of our Sauiour renewing the heresie of Heluidius the which were confuted by Alphonsus nephew and successour to Eugenius in the Archbishopricke of Toledo who wrot a booke vpon that argument Whereupon the Spaniards say that the virgine Marie appeared vnto him and to this apparition they adde the gift of a cope to weare when he should say Masse the which they affirme is kept at Toledo or at Ouiedo but they know not well at which of these two places it remaines
siege before the citie from whence notwithstanding they were forced to retyre by the vertue and good gouernment of those that were within it as well souldiors as citizens Soone after this king died the which according vnto some was about the yeare nine hundred thirtie nine and of the Arabians raigne three hundred twentie two hauing raigned fiftie yeares in Spaine Hee was a louer of learning so as in his time Philosophie Phisicke and all other Arts did flourish at Cordoua 11 Hali Hatan his sonne succeeded him Hali Hatan 9 Soueraigne King of the Moores in Spaine to whom king D. Sancho sent a great embassage to treat a peace betwixt the two kingdomes whereof D. Velasco Bishop of Leon was the chiefe who had charge to demaund the bodie of the infant Pelagins slaine by king Abderramen to make a relicke thereof During this time Leon. there arose a great tumult and sedition in Gallicia vpon certaine priuate mens quarrells Sedition in Galicia who slew one another cruelly without any respect vnto the king nor justice Wherefore the king D. Sancho was forced to lead an armie thither with the which he did punish some of the mutines and did force some of the rest to leaue the countrey They passed the riuer of Duero and yet retyred into a countrey which did belong vnto the jurisdiction of Leon in that quarter the which was gouerned by an Earle or Gouernor called D. Gonsales vnder the king D. Sancho This bad vassale in stead of supporting the kings justice against these mutines tooke armes in their fauour and was so rash as to oppose himselfe against the kings forces which pursued them into his gouernment but remembring his owne follie in time he had recourse to the the kings clemencie who pardoned him making his onely to confesse his fault and to take a new oath of fealtie Notable disloyaltie yet this trecherous and ingratefull wretch smothering in his breast the venome of treason within few dayes after poysoned his king and naturall Prince with an apple which he gaue him The king who distrusted nothing did presently bite of it but his heart being suddainely infected with the poyson he began to shake and to shew other signes that he was strucken with death wherefore he made hast to returne to Leon but he died vpon the way in the twelfth yeare of his raigne and of our redemption 941 and lyes at S. Sauiours in Leon. He had by wife D. Theresa one sonne called D. Ramir who succeeded him in the realme of Leon. They find it written That a little before his death there were great flames of fire seene rise out of the Ocean Prodigie the which being carried vp into Spaine burnt a great countrey and manie villages as farre as Zamora In the meane time the Earle of Vrgel gouerned in Barcelone and Cattelogne Barcelone as tutor to his nephewes sonnes vnto the Earle D. Mir the last deceased being vnder age whereof the eldest to whom the Earledome belonged was called D. Sâniofrid as his tutor was Of this Earle of Vrgel issued two sonnes D. Borel who was the sixt Earle of Barcelone and D. Armingaud Bishop of Vrgel who was reputed a Saint The State of Barcelone and Cattelogne was gouerned by him in qualitie of tutor for the space of twentie yeares The religion of Spaine in those times was wholly reduced to the seeking out of Martyrs bones Religion in Spaine in those times and other relickes The building of Monasteries gifts and foundations were held most meritorious as well for the liuing as for the dead The inuocation of Saints deceased whose victories peace and other prosperities well knowne to the world were then in credit Most of the Bishops and Pastors were either verie prophane or exceeding superstitious and ignorant In the raigne of D. Ramir Ordogno the third The Bishops of Spaine in those dayes and Sancho the fat there had beene Bishops of Compostella after Sisenand the fourth Gundesin who was much vnlike vnto his predecessor in holinesse of life whose health was obtained by the prayers which his mother a verie deuout woman made continually as the Spaniards say before S. âaques Sepulchre which the Angelicall voices heard at the Bishops decease did witnesse after whom Hermigild was chosen a very prophane man then came Sisenand as bad as the other You may conjecture that the other Bishoprickes were no better furnished then that of Compostella These kings made foundations and gaue infinite priuiledges to Abbots and other Clergie men for the redemption of their soules and of their predecessors as their letters aboue mentioned containe D. Garcia Sanches Nauarre did also confirme the vow of S. Emylian in his countrey by letters dated in the yeare nine hundred thirtie foure The Bishops did the like for their parts Galinde Bishop of Pampelone for the great deuotion which he had vnto the Couent of S. Sauiour of Leyra where sometimes had beene the Episcopall seat of Pampelone gaue vnto the Abbot and religious of that place all the titles of the Archpresbiterie of the valley of Onsella by an Instrument dated nine hundred thirtie eight The King D. Garcia and D. Theresa his wife gaue Villar de la Tour neere vnto Nagera with all the territorie and jurisdiction to the same Monasterie in the yeare nine hundred fortie three Moreouer by other letters dated in the yeare nine hundred fortie foure D. Garcia and the Queene his wife and D. Galinde the Bishop who is there called by the King his lord and master confirme the donation of part of the titles belonging to the Bishop of the places aboue mentioned And besides there is another donation made of all that the king of Nauarre should conquer from the Moores Infidels and Barbarians D. Ramir the third of that name and twentieth King of Leon. 12 IN the yeare nine hundred fortie one Leon. D. Ramir was setled king at Leon at whose comming the Norman pyrats did much annoy the coast of Gallicia This king being verie young he was gouerned by the Queene D. Theresa his mother and by D. Eluâra sister to the deceased king his father being a religious woman The peace which had beene treated with Hali Hatan was confirmed by the mediation of the Bishop D. Velasco who was at Cordoua at the death of D. Sancho and had brought with him the bodie of the infant Pelagius Monasterie of S. Pelagius the which was layed in a Monasterie built to that end by the deceased king The Normanes which came into Gallicia being led by a captaine called Gundired spoyled all along the sea shore and entring into the maine land they burnt townes villages and castles spoyling and putting all to the sword they encountred holding as it were the possession of Gallicia for the space of two whole yeares the which the king D. Ramir had no meanes to resist by reason of his nonage yet in the end he was persuaded to send some troupes of souldiors
reuenged for their breach of peace and the ruine and euersion of such a towne as Zamora was but they onely say That about the yeare 955 being of full age he maried with a ladie called D. Vrraca by whom it is not found that he had any children and abandoning himselfe to a voluptuous life he contemned all good counsell so as the earles and noblemen of Gallicia The vices of princes causes of sedition seeing his sollie and discontented with his vices they skorned him and would no more acknowledge him for their king Whereupon they did chuse D. Bermund sonne to the last king D. Ordogno and intitled him King of Gallicia which title and countrey he enioyed ten yeares Gallicia made a kingdome notwithstanding all the attempts of D. Ramir who made warre there two whole yeares with great losse of his best men D. Garcia Fernandes new Earle of Castille Castille resisted the Moores valiantly and being also inuited by the basenesse of king D. Ramir and it may be by the remembrance of the injuries done by the king D. Sancho to the Earle D. Ramir Basenesse of king Ramir occasion of new tumulis and the wrongs done by him also vnto the Earle D. Fernand his father he entred the territories of Leon and withdrew some places from him so as falling to an accord the riuer of Carrion was made the bounds betwixt the Estates of Leon and Castille They hold That this earle D. Garcia Fernandes did build in Curuas Rubias the monasterie of S. Cosine and Damian and indowed it with great priuiledges lands and possessions retaining such a right of patronage That if any gentlewomen of his familie should want meanes to marie them according to their estates or would liue vnmaried they should be prouided for and entertained leauing to the religious which serue in the monasterie a competent pension to nourish them This earle did augment the number of horsemen in Castille to six hundred which at his fathers death were but two hundred He maried twice to French ladies but vnfortunatly his first wife was called D. Argentiua daughter to a French earle with whom hee fell in loue when as in the companie of her father and mother she past through Castille A mariage for loue vnfortunaâ in pilgrimage to S. Iaques of Compostella and demanded her of her father but she proued vnchast abandoning her selfe to a French knight who came from S. Iaques and carried her away into France the earle being sicke in bed six yeares after thier mariage The Spaniards report That being cured and much incensed at the wrong this knight had done him he went out of Castille and left the gouernement of his countries of Gilpâres of Bauardillo and Fernand Peres two of his vassalls and went into France in a disguised habit where as this knight dwelt and enjoyed D. Argentina where he wrought in such sort as he woon the fauour of his daughter called D. Sancha or according vnto some D. Ogna with whom he laid a plot vpon promise that he should take her to wife That one night she should giue him entrance into her fathers house to reuenge his wrongs Where as the earle slue those two adulterers in their bed and so returned into Castille carrying with him D. Sancha or Ogna his new spouse whom he maried in the citie of Bourgos The name of this second wife is diuersly set downe by Spanish writers some call her Sancha Gânerall of âââulle others Ogna the inscriptions of Peter of Arlance name her Abba D. Garcia Fernandes the earle had one sonne by her called D. Garcia Roldanis who died young as it appeares by the inscriptions of the said monasterie Moreouer he had another sonne called D. Sancho Garcia who was earle In the inscriptions of Saint Peter of Cardegna where she was buried with her husband it is said the she was neece to the Emperour Henrie and is in all places called Abba or Ogna Besides these two sonnes shee had one daughter called D. Vrraca who was profest in the monasterie of S. Cosme and Damian about Arlansa During the time the earle was in France to seeke meanes to be reuenged and to get his new wife the Moores entred into Castille and spoyled all the countrey euen vnto Bourgos and they write That in the way they forced the monasterie of Saint Peter of Cardegna and slue the Abbot and three hundred Monkes A great slaughter of Monkes made by the Moores some Authors write but two hundred and that the destruction of this monasterie was some yeare before But this place was reedified by the earle D. Garcia Fernandes and inriched with rents and jewels more then before This happened during the time that D. Ramir king of Leon made warre against his rebellious subiects in Gallicia 14 About the yeare 956 Anno 956. died that cruell enemie of the Christian Religion Moores Hali Hatan king of the Arabians at Cordoua the sixteenth yeare of his raigne and 339 of the Arabians to whom succeeded Hizen his sonne the second of that name called by others Izica The forces of this king of the Moores Moores drawn into Gallicia by the faction of a Bishop were drawne into Gallicia by the factions of a Bishop of Compostella who had beene deposed for his vices The zeale of their ambition was such as they made no conscience to expose Christians to the crueltie of Arabian Mahumetists It is written in the Spanish Histories that D. Bermond raigning in Gallicia by an accord made with D. Ramir king of Leon and making his ordinarie residence in the towne of S. Iaques there came to the Episcopall dignitie of that place D. Pelagius Bishop of Lugo sonne to Cont Roderigo Velasques who shewing himselfe a prophane man and disposing of Ecclesiasticall dignities to vnworthie men deserued to be expelled by the king D. Bermond who aduanced in his place a Monke of Saint Benoist called D. Pedro of Monsorio of a reasonable good life Cont Roderigo and his followers being incensed at this disgrace done vnto his sonne called the Moores into Gallicia to be reuenged of the king D. Bermond King Hizen was verie young at the decease of his father Halt Hatan wherefore a nobleman among the Moores valiant and verie famous called Mahomad Ibne Aben Hamur and by surname Alhabib Almansor tooke vpon him the gouernement of the realme of Cordoua and of all Spaine vnder the Moores jurisdiction the which he held fiue and twentie yeares and they report that during his life they entred two and fiftie times into the Christians countrey and that he was of such credit among the Moores as all was done by his aduice and counsell Hizen hauing nothing but the bare name Considering the name and surname of this great captaine it is to be presumed he had beene sent out of Affricke by Mansor Miralmumin of Maroc then raigning to gouerne Spaine during the minoritie of the king of Cordoua for Alhabib Mansor is
and Eximena The king had to wife a ladie called D. Vrraca Fernandes by whom he had three sonnes D. Garcia D. Gonsales and D. Ramir. This king D. Sancho Garces Leon. the third of that name raigning the king D. Bermond seeing the great miseries which fell daily vpon the Christians by reason of their diuisions whereof the Infidell Moores made their profit he sought by all meanes possible to make a good vnion betwixt Leon Nauarre and Castille the which tooke good effect for all the Princes and Lords of these Estates shewing themselues readie and desirous to be reuenged of the wrong which the Moores had done in Gallicia Castille and elsewhere they vnited their forces and came to incounter the Moores with a goodly armie their 's being not lesse at a place called Calacanasor Battell memorable at Calacanasor an Arabian word which signifies yoake where there was a memorable battell and great effusion of bloud especially of the Moores and yet the fight hauing continued a whole day the victorie seemed doubtfull But Alhabib the Arabian hauing gathered his forces together and viewed his great losse he dislodged in the night with so great griefe as he died within few dayes after at a place called Begalcoraxo or Borgecorex The Christians at the breake of day seeing their enemies dislodged sacked their campe and by the conduct of of D. Garcia Fernandes earle of Castille who was the chiefe Commaunder in this warre for the king D. Bermond although he caused himselfe to be carried in the armie was vnable by reason of his gout pursued the Moores whereof they made a great slaughter putting all the rest to flight in great confusion This Alhabib the Arabian was without doubt a great souldier and Death of Alhabib Almansor they say that for griefe of this losse he would neither eat nor drinke and so aduanced his owne death The Moores carried him to Medina-Celi then called Zelim where they buried him He left one sonne called Abdemelic Abundasin who had accompanied him in all his warres and was in like manner a braue and valiant knight who had the same charge of Captaine generall as his father and being desirous to reuenge this losse led an armie the same yeare towards Leon the which he ruined euen to the verie foundations D. Garcia Fernandes earle of Castille gathered together all the forces he could in Leon and Castille fought with him and put him to rout so as after that time the Moores came into the dominions of Christian Princes with more respect After which things the two Princes restored the noblemen gentlemen and others to their possessions and rights which belonged vnto them and sought to giue euerie man contentment in regard of priuat quarels that by these occasions the Mahumetists might not attempt against their Estates These spoyles which the Moores had made in the countries of Leon and Castille were the cause of a great dearth the land being vnpeopled both of men and cattell so as it lay wast And withall there was a great drought the wrath of God hauing shut vp heauen for many dayes without sending any raigne in that region And for that in those dayes they held no crime so capitall as to lay hands vpon Clergie men the Spaniards did beleeue that these calamities had fallen vpon them besides the warres for that the king D. Bermond had caused D. Gudesteo Archbishop of Ouiedo to be put in prison or giuen him in gard to D. Ximeno Bishop of Astorga vpon some slaunderous accusations wherewith this Prelate was charged and too lightly beleeued by the king who was much subiect to that vice of credulitie And thereupon they say That God had reuealed to certaine religious men that he was resolued to send the plague for a third scourge by reason of the vnjust imprisonment of this Bishop Whereof the king D. Bermond being aduertised he was verie sorrowfull for his offeâce and repenting demaunded pardon Wherefore vpon the Bishops deliuerie the wrath of God was appealed and it began to raine From that time the king gaue himselfe to all workes of pietie and did as well as he could repaire the ruines which had beene made by the Moores throughout his kingdome especially of the church of Saint Iaques He gaue many gifts and did almes deeds yet with the aduice of the Prelates of those times As for justice he had alwayes a care thereof and as they say restored the auncient lawes of the kings of Gothes and the decrees of the Church commanding that justice should be done to euerie one throughout his realme accordingly His death according to the common opinion Anno 982. was in the yeare 982 at a place called Berizo otherwise the good towne of Beresto where he was interred and three and twentie yeares after taken vp to be laid in the church of Saint Iohn Baptist at Leon. Among his children we haue made mention of one daughter D. Christina she was maried to a nobleman or Prince of the bloud royall Genealogie of Leon. called D. Ordogno who was blind by whom she had three sonnes D. Alphonso D. Ordogno D. Pelagius and one daughter D. Aldonsa This Aldonsa maried D. Pelagius the Deacon sonne to the Infanta D. Fruela bastard to Fruela the second king of Leon of which mariage issued D. Pedro Ordognes D. Pelagius D. Nugno and D. Theresa who was ladie of Carrion where she caused the church of Saint Pelaio or Pelagius to be built In Cattelogne the State was quiet Barcelone during the minoritie of the earle D. Seniofrid vnder the gouernement of the earle of Vrgel of the same name from which earle issued D. Borel and D. Armingol or Ermengaud Bishop of Vrgel reputed a Saint His regencie continued two and twentie yeares which ended in the yeare 950 When as hee resigned the gouernement of the Estate to his nephew the earle D. Seniofrid who was maried to D. Maria Infanta of Nauarre daughter to D. Sancho Abarca by whom hee had not any children and dying about the yeare 967 he left for his successor his cousin D. Borel sonne to the earle of Vrgel for that his brother D. Oliban was vnfit to gouerne such an Estate by reason of many imperfections besides that of his speech as the Spaniards write Yet this D. Oliban did rise in Armes against his cousen and was the cause of great diuisions and factions in the countrey by reason whereof the Arabians watching still their opportunitie to annoy the Christians D. Bârâl fourth ãâã of Barcelone entred the territories of Barcelone where they committed infinit spoyles This D. Borel remained earle in the end and is numbred the fourth proprietarie of Cattelogne He had one sonne called D. Raymond Borel who was borne in the yeare 970 of the countesse Leodegarde his first wife and was earle after him To his second wife he maried Aymârude and by her had D. Ermingaud Genealogie of Cattelogne or Armingol who was earle of Vrgel and one
the citie of a contrarie humor to Almondir but the Moores of Cordoua not thinking themselues secure he being so neere them and being resolued not to endure any more kings of the linage of Aben Humeya they besieged him in this house tooke him and imprisoned him in Cordoua from whence he escaped and fled to Sarragosse where he liued in a priuate estate Then a Moore of great power called Ioar of Algazur seeing the citie without a king Ioar 19 king at Cordoua embracing this occasion with the helpe of his friends which did affect him tooke vpon him the title and royall authoritie at Cordoua but on the other side one Hali Cacin or Aben Cacin Hali Cacin ruling at Seuile residing at Seuile a man of a great house and mightie seized vpon the towne of Seuile where he did remaine with the Moores of his faction and enjoyed the soueraigntie fifteene yeares yet taking no other title vpon him but as Iudge and Gouernour but he prepared the way for his successours to make it a royall seat Ioar raigned but two yeares and Mahumet his sonne succeeded him Mahumet the 20 and last king at Cordoua being the twentieth and last king of the Moores at Cordoua and in whom the majestie of the Miralmumins of Spaine which had beene great was extinct from the which grew so many pettie kings as there was scarce any good towne in Spaine but had a particular king which made strict alliances among themselues for the preseruation of their estates and maintained themselues vntill the comming of the Almorauides Moores which came out of Africke as we will shew This king Mahumet desiring rather to hold that little of the estate of Cordoua which remained than to seeke after that which was drawne away enjoyed it in peace thirteene yeares the which fell out according to the common opinion about the yeare 1027 and of the Arabians 415 So as the royall seat of the Miralmumins of Spaine accounting from Abderramen the first who did begin it had continued in the citie of Cordoua 269 yeares The Moores affaires in Spaine being in this confusion the Christians neglected this fit opportunitie to recouer all Spaine and to root out the sect of Mahumet but they had their infirmities in like manner D. Sancho king of Nauarre made some attempts but as it seemes ill pursued being not mentioned in the Histories D. Alphonso king of Leon Leon. made an enterprise against them that gouerned in Lusitania and beseeged the towne of Viseo but as he went inconsiderately about it to view the place being vnarmed hee was shot with an arrow from the towne whereof hee died soone after this was in the yeare 1006 An. 1006. as the Spanish Histories report But the letters and titles of Chapters and Couents say he liued vnto the yeare 1028. A little before his death he had receiued into his countrey the children of D. Bela of Nagera a knight who as we haue said had beene chased out of Castille by the Earle D. Fernand Gonsales which were D. Roderigo D. Diego and D. Inigo Bela who would neuer be reconciled vnto D. Sancho Earle of Castille their Lord wherefore hauing liued a wandring and vagabond life for a time among the Moores and elsewhere in the end they came into Leon whereas the king D. Alphonso receiued them honoured them and gaue them lands and reuenues in the quarter of Somocas This Prince was carefull to administer justice to his subjects D. Alphonso 5 king of Leon a louer of iustice and therefore did reuiew and restore the ancient lawes of the Gothes and did correct and moderat them with new decrees fit for the time and all by the aduise of the generall estates assembled at Ouiedo in the yeare 1003. He repaired the ruines of the Citie of Leon and there built a Church to Saint Iohn Baptist whither he caused the body of D. Bermond his father and many others to be brought and there interred In his time liued Athilan Bishop of Leon and Florian a great Preacher in Gallicia both held for Saints in Spaine They write that Florian meaning to trie if his Sermons were pleasing to God put burning coales into his mouth and had no harme As for D. Sancho fourth king of Nauarre Nauarre he was surnamed the Great chiefly for his great dominions D. Sancho Emperor of Spaine and for his great exploits both in peace and warre by reason whereof he intitled himselfe king of Spaine the which the Gothes with all their greatnesse and power durst not doe He married D. Nugna eldest daughter to D. Sancho Garcia Earle of Castille yet the Histories of Arragon call her otherwise say the king had a former wife which was D. Caya Ladie of Ayuar the which was rather a concubine than a lawfull wife of whom D. Ramir Genealogie of Nauarre first king of Arragon was borne By this Ladie D. Nugna he did inherit the Earledome of Castille and by her had D. Garcia king of Nauarre after him D. Fernand first king of Castille and D. Gonsalo king of Sobrarbre and Ribagorsa He was either in person or sent to all the warres betwixt the Christians and the Moores whose estate was much shaken in his time by reason of the diuisions of that mutinous nation and this king was more fortunate abroad than in his owne house The Histories which treat of his deedes say That being absent in some warre against the Moores his sonne D. Garcia demanded a goodly horse of his mother out of the kings stable the which he loued aboue all the rest and had straitly commanded his wife not to suffer any one to ride him yet shee desiring to please her eldest sonne graunted him but being afterwards dissuaded by a knight called Pedro de Sese or as some write Fernand of Ordognana master of the kings horse shee would haue auoided it considering the charge the king had giuen her whereat D. Garcia being too much incensed for a matter of no moment began to imagine that there was some dishonest familiaritie betwixt this Master of the Horse and his mother whither that he belieued it or did maliciously inuent it forgetting God and all filiall respect Notable treason of a sonne against his mother he resolued to accuse them of adulterie and hauing conferred this designe with his brother D. Fernand who was of a better disposition he would haue forced him to serue as a witnesse or assistant in this wickednesse the which he refused and did often dissuade D. Garcia from so vile an enterprise but it was in vaine In the end D. Fernands youth was vanquished by the importunitie or rather feare of his elder brother promising not to reueale the fraud and lye which he had discouered vnto him The king being returned to his castle of Nagera Queene of cpan of Adulterâe this peruerse sonne D. Garcia failed not to accuse his mother whereat the king was wonderfully amazed for that he had
miserable death of his mother otherwise he was wise and valiant and a great louer of his nobilitie to whom he gaue great priuiledges and exemptions yea he dispensed with them from going to the warre without pay and entertainment and that they should not be taxed for any imposition which should be leuied vpon the publike And as he was verie deuour after the manner of those times he made manie reparations and orders to make the wayes more easie for them that went in pilgrimage to S. Iaques of Compostella for in the beginning The auncient way from France to S. Iaques the ordinarie and most vsuall way was by the Prouinces of Guipuscoa and Biscaye to the mountaine countrey then to the Asturies of Sentillana then to Ouiedo from whence they entred into Gallicia and since the way being mountainous although it were short being left by reason of the difficult and hard passages they came from France by Nauarre into Alaua and then through the Asturies a longer but a farre more easie voyage than the other but the Earle D. Sancho caused a way to be made euen from Nauarre by Rioje and Bureua to the citie of Burgos the which is frequented at this day to the great ease of such as make this voyage to S. Iaques They call this the French way This Earle gaue Quintanilla to the Monasterie of S. Emylian and did many other works for the redemption of his soule as appeares by the letters and titles of that age D. Bermond third of that name 23. King of Leon. DON Bermond ãâã sonne to D. Alphonso succeeded his father in the Realme of Leon in the yeare 1028. beeing but a young Prince at his first entry to the Crown A religious king and louer of iustice he began to follow the religious steps of his father causing churches monasteries other buildings which had bene ruined by the Arabians in the former wars to be repaired And moreouer was very carefull to maintaine good orders among his subiects and to do them iustice punishing the disordered with great seuerity An argument that he had good and vertuous men in his Court and of his Councell who honored both themselues and their Prince in the due execution of their charges and discharging of their consciences so as it followed that all the subiects gouerned theÌselues by their kings example yea the Noblemen and Knights of his Court The beginning of which raigne could not but be held most happie Hee married with D. Theresa second daughter to D. Sancho last earle of Castile by whom he had one son called D. Alphonso by his grandfathers name who died before his father 27 By the same treatie of marriage with the yongest daughter of Castile after the decease of D. Sancho Earle of Castile by the aduice of the country there was a marriage propounded betwixt D. Garcia successor to the sayd earle and D. Sancha sister to the K. D. Bermond D. Garcia 4. Earle of Castiâ Both parties being agreed D. Garcia went to Leon to consumate this mariage being accompanied by D. Sancho k. of Nauarre his brother-in-law who had married D. Nugna the eldest daughter of Castile The Court being full of Noblemen and Ladies to honor this marriage which should be performed with state and the Earle D. Garcia hauing no other thoughts but to court his mistris there came vnto him the 3 brethren of Bela aboue-mentioned who were banished out of Castile fled into LeoÌ D. Roderigo D. Diego and D. Inigo who making a shew to desire the Earles fauor came to kisse his hand offering him all seruice homage as his naturall vassals crauing pardon for that was past to whom D. Garcia being courteous gaue good reception and presuming they had nothing hidden in their hearts but what their countenances shewed and their tong vttered D. Garcia Earle of castille murthered by the thrâ brethren of Bela. he assured himselfe of them going without any guard like a priuate man that had no quarrell so as these traitours found oportunitie to murther him in reuenge that the Earle his father had banished them out of Castile and confiscated their goods so the innocent suffered for the offendor if we may call it an offence to do iustice vpon rebels He that gaue him the first blow with his sword was D. Ruys or Roderigo his god-father Such excesses did the Christians then commit The murtherers did then escape but afterwards they fell into the hands of D. Sancho King of Nauarre who tooke a worthy reuenge There was great heauinesse in Court for this wretched murther but D. Sancha lamented more than all the rest to see her selfe a widow before she was a wife who seeing her spouse interred at S. Iohn Baptist in Leon intreated them that they would burne her aliue with him Castile vnited to Nauarre By the death of D. Garcia the Earledome of Castile fell to the k. of Nauarre D. Sancho who had maried D. Nugna the eldest sister or D. Garcia and tooke peaceable possession thereof in the same yeare 1028. 28 After the death of D. Cattelogne Raymond Borel Earle of Barcelone which was in the yeare 1017. D. Berenger his son gouerned this principality as proprietarie vnder the Soueraigntie of France being the sixt in number and was surnamed Borel as his father but of a contrary disposition to his father for by his idlenes he gaue entry to all vices into his Court war and all exercises of chiualrie were contemned by him which bred him great troubles We find that this Earle had three sonnes the first called D. Raymond Berenger succeeded him the second D. Guillen or Guillaume Berenger was Earle of Manrese Genealogie of Barcelone and the third sonne Don Sancho Berenger Prior of the Monasterie of Saint Benoist of Bages Who after the decease of D. Guillen the 2. brother which died without children left his habit and succeeded him in the Conty of Manrese died also without children In the yeare 1020. D. Bernard Brisefer cousin to the Earle Berenger riding through Prouence was drowned in the riuer of Rosne And for that hee was a braue Knight the Moores hauing notice of his death grew so hardie and couragious as they did ouer-runne the countrey of Cattelogne entring by Cerdagne but they were repulsed and chased by D. Geoffrey Earle of that place brother to D. Bernard This D. Geoffrey was founder of the Monasterie of Saint Martin of Canigo and mention is made of fiue sonnes issued from him D. Raymond Geoffrey who was Earle of Cerdagne and Besalu after the father D. Geoffrey Guinar Archbishop of Narbon D. Berenger Geoffrey Bishop of Girone D. Guillen Geoffrey Bishop of Vrgel and the last D. Geoffrey Earle of Bergada Hauing so goodly an issue he dyed in the yere 1025. and was interred at Saint Martin of Canigo which hee had built His eldest sonne and heire in the Countie of Cerdagne did little enioy it for hee dyed two
where their father died For the effecting whereof hee demaunded succours from the Moores which held Tudella Saragosse and Huefca and beseeged the towne of Tafalla but D. Garcia arriuing at that instant had meanes to make D. Ramir to raise his siege with dishonour and losse He had to wife D. Ermisende daughter to the Earle of Bigorre Genealogie of Arragon by whom he had D. Sancho Ramires who was King of Arragon after him D. Garcia Bishop of Iacca D. Sancha Countesse of Tholousa D. Theresa Countesse of Prouence wife to the Earle Guillen Bertrand and one Bastard sonne called D. Sancho Lord of Ayuar and Xauierre The time of this Kings Raigne or the maner of his death whether it were in warre or by sicknesse is doubtfull amongst Authors the common opinion is that he died about the yeare 1063. being at the seege of the Castell of Grados or Iraos of a wound which he receiued beeing in armes against the Moores of the Country for that leauing the protection of Arragon they had put themselues vnder that of Castille and that he is interrred at S. Iohn de la Pegna D. Garcia Sanches 6. of that name and 14. King of Nauarre 4. AS for D. Gracia heire of the Realme of Nauarre Nauarre he came to the crowne as his other brethren in the yeere 1034. the Queene D. Nugna his mother yet lyuing he was surnamed Sanches of Nagera for that he was bred vp there made his ordinary residence there vntil hee died and was buried there The portions giuen by D. Sancho the Great their father were very preiudicial vnto him for that as the elder the soueraignty of all those Estates did belong vnto him of all which D. Garcia had nothing but the crowne of Nauarre the country which is from Bureua and Ogna running from the country of Frias The bounds of the realme of Nauarre vnder D. Garcia Sanches conteyning seuen iurisdictions in ancient time called Castillia the old and moreouer Alaua Nagera and a part of Biscay In the beginning D. Garcia was in reasonable good termes with his brother D. Fernand King of Castille and did assist him as we haue sayd in the warres he had against D. Bermond to settle him in the Realme of Leon but afterward there grew diuisions betwixt them as also betwixt him and D. Ramir so as during his life they were neuer reconciled Hee was married whilest hee was Infant of Nauarre to a French Lady called Estiennette of the house of Foix as the Spaniards say yet is it doubtfull for there is no mention in those times of any Earles of Foix it may bee shee was of the house of Carcassone or Beziers from whence the Earles of Foix did afterwards descend By this wife hee had foure sonnes Genealogie of Nauarre D. Sancho Garcia who was King after his father D. Ramier Lord of Calaorra Torresilla de los Cameros Riuafresca Lea Villoria Trebejan and others D. Fernand the third Lord of lubera Lagienilla and other places and D. Raymond the fourth Lord of Murillo Agon and Agoncillo and foure daughters D. Ermesilda or Ermisenda who was Lady of Villa Mediana and Matres D. Ximena Lady of Corcerous and Hornos The third D. Mayor of Ianguas D. Vrraca or according vnto some Oguenda Lady of Aluerite Lardero Mucrones such was the issue of D. Garcia Sanches of Nagera During whose raigne the Spaniards set vp the inuention of the image of the Virgin Mary of the royal Monastery in the towne of Nagera in honour of whom D. Garcia and his wife D. Estaphana or Estiennette caused the Conuent of the order of Saint Benet to be built Knights of the Lilly in Nauarre and moreouer the King did institute the order of the knights of the Lilly for that in the same picture there was a pot of white Lillies and would haue the Knights carry vpon their cloakes Lillies imbroidred with the needle This was the deuise of the Knights of the order of Nauarre wherewith the Kings children and many Knights of Nauarre and strangers were honoured the which continued in this house of Nauarre The King D. Garcia did greatly honour his nobility and did confirme in the yeere 1043. the preuiledges of the gentlemen in the Valley of Roncal in testimony of their perpetuall fidelity to the Kings of Nauarre their Princes who had done him great seruices against the Moores his neighbors He tooke Calaorra from them in the yeere 1044. An. 1044. a more fortunate warre out of doubt then that which hee had against D. Fernand King of Castille his brother a fatall man to all his kinsfolkes and allies Enuy which torments man by reason of an others prosperity bread a hatred in D. Garcia against his brother D. Fernand the which was augmented by some dispute that was betwixt them for the town of Nagera in Rioje Quarrels betwixt the Kings of Castille and Nauarre whereas D. Garcia kept his Court and the Lands of Bureua which D. Fernand maintayned did belong vnto the crowne of Castille The first and most vnworthy effect whereby this hatred was discouered was a treason plotted against D. Fernand in the towne of Nagera for being come in brotherly loue to visit D. Garcia D. Garcias practise against his brother who was sicke in bed hee was aduertised that by his commandement they ment to stay him and in truth hee had beene put in prison if hee had not escaped this did so incense them one against an other as falling to armes it was one of their deaths This treacherous part was long dissembled by D. Fernand attending some oportunity of reuenge notwithstanding any excuse D. Garcia could make seeing his designe had failed Thus the King of Nauarre liued in continuall hatred with his brethren D. Ramir and D. Fernand as hee had purchased by his bad disposition the dislike of his father and mother a Prince in truth vnworthie to make warre against the Moores for the aduancement of the Christian religion against whom notwithstanding that hee was in bad termes with his brethren hee sent an army and tooke from them the towne of Funes in the yeere of our Lord 1045. For the recouery of his health hee had sent messengers to all the famous Bishops and Abbots of Spaine that by their praiers to God hee might bee cured with this deuotion hee caused himselfe to bee carried to the Monastery of Saint Sauueur of Leyre where hee did beleeue that by the praiers of those religious men his health was restored in recompence whereof he gaue to that house the Conuent of Centurifontes and many other things all this did nothing abate the spleene hee had against his brother D. Fernand who would not be surprized Being returned into his country Castille dissembling the wrong which had beene done him he made warre against the Moores vpon the fronters of Castille where he tooke the townes of Goruas Vado del Rey Aquilera Berlanga and
to Prelates and to the Christian religion for the honouring whereof they had vndertaken it the which succeeded according to their conceits for the king beeing returned and seing that of force they would make him periured being somewhat discontented with the Queene and D. Bernard in the end he was pacified with such perswasions that it was an vnworthie thing that in an Archiepiscopall cittie and the first in dignitie in Spaine that infidels should enioy the greatest and most stately Temple there to exercise their impieties and blasphemies to the great dishonour of the king and the name of Christians and the griefe of pastors and holy Ministers of the Church Wherefore it was expedient he should aduow the fact the which was not done rashly but with great zeale and by diuine inspiration Herunto they say were added the supplications of the Moores That it would please the king to suffer things as they were and not to discontent the people and that for their parts they would willingly exercise their religion in a place of lesse shew For the Moores spake an Alfagui of their lawe whose image is to bee seene cut in stone in the great chappell of that church The seruice called Gothique of Isidorian Cothique seruice changed in Spaine for that Isidorus had brought it in and afterwards called Musarabic for the Christians liuing among the Moores had maintained it was in vse vntill that time as well at Toledo as in Castile and Leon but the King Don Alphonso desiring to shew himselfe in all things an affectionate sonne to the Romish sea would haue it changed and in stead thereof the Gregorian Seruice receiued so called of the author Gregory for which effect hee caused a Bull to be sent from the Pope then raigning commanding that the seruice of Rome should be from thence foorth celebrated in all the Churches of Spaine as they did in France by reason whereof The Metrapolitane of Languâdoc vnder the Primate of Toledo it is called by some Spaniards Gallican This done the Archbishop new chosen went to Rome where he entred when as Vrban the 2. entred this Popedome and there tooke his oath receiued and Archbishops cloake and was confirmed Primate of Spaine and not onely of Spaine but of Gotique France as the limits of the Primacie of Toledo had beene in the time of the king of the Gothes in witnesse whereof the Spaniards write that to âhew his rights and prerogatiues at his returne from Rome he called a Councell at Tholousa where the Archbishop of Narbone did assist with other bishops of those countries Councell at Tholousa suffragans and subiect to thè Iurisdiction of the Prelates of Toledo During his absence Richard Abbot of Saint Victor of Marseilles was Legate in Spaine being sent some yeares before by Gregory the 7. Predecessour to Vrban the 2. who tooke great paines to bring in the new Gregorian or Romish seruice and to abolish the Musarabic for which consideration and to put in execution that which had beene decreed the Arch-bishop Bernard at his returne called a nationall Councell at Toledo whereas the Clergie Knights and people of Toledo Castile Leon Asturia Galicia and Portugall were assembled or their Deputies in great numbers D. Bernard presiding the King beeing present there grew great controuersies among them the Spaniards refusing to leaue their ancient manner to receiue a new seruice so as not able to be satisfied by any allegations and reasons Controutrsies for Ecclesiasticall matters decided by armes they came to a furious and brutish manner of triall by combate which was much vsed in those times there were two knights brought to field the one for the king and others who desired alteration of the seruiâe the other for the knights and commons which would keepe the Musarabic for these came Iean Ruiz of the family of Matanza who vanquished him which fought for the Romane seruice whose name is vnknown Yet the importunitie of the King queen Archbishop Triall by fire in Câergie matters and others of that partie was such as the businesse was referred to another kind of triall which was by fire wherefore hauing brought two bookes the one containing the seruice after the Romane vse the other the ancient and Musarbic they were both cast into a great fire whereof the Romane booke leapt presently out as they say and the other lay still and was nothing burnt Wherefore they did coniecture that either of them was pleasing vnto God and for this cause it was ordained That they should retaine the ancient manner of seruice in sixe parishes of Toledo and that in the great Cathedral church and others the new Gregorian seruice was brought in and likewise in all the rest of Don Alphonso's Kingdome the which was granted more by force to please the king and to obey the Pope who confirmed and allowed it then for any good will Yet the Musarabic Office continued long after in many Monasteries of Spaine and in the same great church of Toledo euen at this day they sing Masse all after the Musarabic euery day in a Chappell called Corpus Domini The sixe Parishes of that Cittie where as this seruice was maintained had beene held by the Christians Musarabes whilest that the Moores did raigne there which are Saint Iust Saint Luke Saint Antolin Saint Marke Saint Eulalia and Saint Sebastian That the Musarabic seruice aunciently vsed were that which they hold at this day and that it was not reformed and corrected I will not doubt for in matters of Religion it is most certaine that all things haue beene fitted to the time and to the dispositions of those which liued from age to age especially in that which concerned the eccleâiasticall discipline The day of the reception of this Romish seruice is quoted by the Spaniards the one and twentith of May in the yeare 1091 at the third hower Matters concerning Religion beeing ordered at Toledo Toledo called the Imperiall city Don Alphonso gaue many honourable titles dignities and priuiledges to the Cittie to their great aduantage For first of all by reason of his conquest intitling himselfe Emperour of Spaine hee would haue Toledo called and denominated the Imperiall and Monarchicke city a name which hath remained and continued vnto this day And to giue the Christians occasion to come and dwell there for the greatest part of the inhabitants were Mores he granted rights and priuiledges to the cittizens as follow beeing drawne out of the letters which are in their Registers 1 First he ordained for a priuiledge to that ctttie Priuiledges gââted to the câtty of Toledo that all controuersies amongst the citizens should be iudged there according to the lawes and ordonances written in the booke called Of Iudges appointing a Councell of sixe of the most sufficient men amongst them to assist the Iudge all which together should take knowledge of the peoples causes exempting the Castilians who might decline from that seate and desire to be sent before their
a great friend as we wil shew and the happinesse of this captaine was such as the King of Denia beeing dead at the same time his son successor did so honour his vertue and wisdome as he made himselfe his vassal and was so beloued of him as hauing reconciled him with King Hiaja he wrought so as he conuersed familiary with him and in so great fauor as he gouerned both the King and the Estate of Valence as if himself had bin Lord. Aben-Hut King of Sarragosse died also about that time leauing one son called Almizaron heire of his Kingdome at whose aduancement the Estate beeing somewhat troubled Cid was intreated to come to Sarragosse the which he did In the meane time there fell out great garboiles in the Court of Valence by the enuy emulation of two Moores whereof the one was a captaine vnder Cid called Aben-Alfaras and the other a certaine prouost called Aben-laf This Prouost was so transported with hatred as hee called the Almorauiââs by their means made himself Master of the town forcing King Hiaja to flie whom he pursued hauing intelligence that hee had carried away many rich Iewels tooke him and flue him miserably giuing him a vilde vnworthy sepulcher Such was the end of Hiaja King of Valence who had raigned the last of the Moores at Toledo Aben laf hauing by this means gotten so goodly an estate kept a great gaâd about him as such doe commonly as will rule by âârany beeing in the meane time vnder the soueraignty of the Almorauides but he did not long enioy the fruits of his wickednesse for Cid being aduertised of this base treason parted from Sarragosse with such forces as he had and came before Valence to see if the hatred of the tyrant would moue the inhabitants to reuolt There came many Noblemen Mootes of the country thether to him among which were Aboeca Abeni-Lopes and Aben Racin who ioyned with him mooued thereunto by his vertue and valour then was the city fiercely assaulted so as the inhabitants and their commander Aben Iaf receiuing no succors from the Almorauides as they attended beeing vnwilling to giue eare to the secret practises of the King of Sarragosse who perswaded them vnder hand to giue themselues vnto him the which was well knowne to Cid whose vigilancy was great they were forced to yeeld vpon condition that the garrison of Almorauides should bee thrust out and that Aben Iaf should hold the towne of Valencia of Cid and should pay him tribute yet could not the Valentians agree well with Aben Iaf the murtherer of their King but raysing daylie new troubles and seditions against him hee fortefied himselfe in a great quarter of the towne and callad Cid giuing him entrance on that side Whereat the Valentians beeing much mooued they fell to open rebellion and intrenching on their side they put themselues vertuously in defence and called backe the Almorauides to their succors but the city beeing beseeged of all sides by Cids army and all the passages stopped they could not enter into the towne but returned without fighting wherefore the beseeged were forced to subiect themselues vnder the obedience of Aben Iaf who shewing himselfe trecherous and breaking his promise with Cid hee gaue him occasion soone after to teturne to Valencia Valence taken by Cid Ruis Diaz and to subdue it for himselfe the which hee did by a seege of ten monthes reducing the towne and the inhabitants to such extremity for want of victuals and by continual assaults as they yeelded to his mercy hauing all the places and forts already in his deuotion Beeing maister of the city hee put Aben Iaf to death by iustice and sent a way the Moores which were suspect vnto him the which soone after brought a great army of Almorauides out of Andalousia and other countries which they held in Spaine against Cid and his new conquests but hee repulst them valiantly and so setled himselfe as during his life it returned out vnder the Moores subiection these things were effected by Cid Ruis Diaz of Biuar after the returne into Affrike of King Ioseph Aben Tefin the chiefe of the family of the Almorauides Arabians About the yeere of our Lord 1096. An. 1096. beganne that famous expedition of Christian Princes to the holy Land Expedition inââ Syrâa or the Holy Warre decreed by Pope Vrbain the second at the councell of Clermont in the which there went infinit numbers out of France England Italy and Germany vnder the conduct of diuers Princes and Noblemen Few made this voyage out of Spaine by reason of the warres which they had against the Affrican Moores by whom they were greatly anoyed Onely D. Raymond Earle of Tolouse and Saint Gyles ioyned in these Leuant warres leading with him some small number of Spanish Knights and was followed by D. Eluira his wife who was brought in bed in the East countries of a sonne who was baptized in the water of Iordain and for that cause was named Alphonso Iordain D. Bernard Archbishop of Toledo beeing desirous to goe was crost and went into the East recommending his charge to certaine regular Chanoins of Saint Augustine who after his departure chose an other Archbishop whereof D. Bernard aduertised beeing not yet gone out of Spaine hee returned sodainely and passing by the Monastery of Sahagun he tooke with him certaine Monkes with the which he went to Toledo where hee punished the Chapter for their inconstancy deposed the new Archbishop and placed the Monkes of the Order of Saint Benet in his church the which continued there many yeeres This done beeing desirous to see the world hee continued his course and came to Rome to receiue the Holy fathers blessing meaning to proceed in his voiage but they say the Pope would not suffer him but fent him backe into Spaine knowing him to be fit for the affaires of the Romish Catholike churchâ so D. Bernara returned beeing absolued of his vow He past through France Prelats of the French nation giuen to the Churches in Spainâ from whence hee carried with him many men of fame amongst others one named Girard borne at Moysi whom hee made Chantre of his church afterwards he was Archbishop of Braga and canonized for a Saint one Peter borne in Berry whom he made Arch-deacon and was afterwards Bishop of Osma put also in the numbers of Saints Bernard of Agen the second Chantre and after Bishop of Siguença and in the end Bishop of Saint Iaques Peter also of Agen second Arch-deacon of Toledo and since bishop of Segobia Raymond of Agen who succeeded in the Bishoprike of Ofina and in the end to the same D. Bernard in his dignity of Toledo an other Peter who was Bishop of Palence and Ierosme of Perigueux whom hee made Bishop of Valencia arriuing in that city soone after that D. Roderigo Diaz de Biâar had conquered it to whom he was an assistant to order clergy matters Hee carried with him also one Bernard
vanquished the two sonnes of Carrion with their vncle a partifa of their villany called Suero Gonçales who were proclaimed infamous and traitors and degraded of al honor and title of nobility These two Ladies were afterwards happely married into the house of Nauarre that is D. Eluira to D. Ramires sonne to the King D. Sancho Garcia and D. Sol to the sonne of D. Pedro then raigning in Nauarre and Arragon called also D. Pedro who died before his father After these last marriages Cid growne old did nothing that was memorable He setled the Estate of Valencia as well as he could with the aide of the Princes of Nauarre and Arragon his allyes And the better to assure it he chased away diuers families of the Moores which were suspected vnto him A captaine of the Moores who was also a Doctor of the law of Mahumet Alfaraâi a great Doctor of the Mahumetists bâptized called Alfaraxi a great friend to Cid tooke vpon him the Christian religion being held a man of great valour and Iudgement The authors place the death of Cid Ruis Dias of Biuar in the yeere 1098. the towne of Valencia beeing anoyed by the Moores which held their campe about it yet notwithstanding they say that the widow accoÌpanied with D. Ierosme the Bishop went out of the towne conducting her husbands body to bury it at Saint Pedro de Cerdegna where it was laied Death of Cid Ruis of Biuar the Monkes of that place at this day shew many iewells and other things which they say had beene giuen by that great captaine to their Monastery After his death the Christians which were at Valencia fearing they should not bee able to resist the forces of the Moores Almorauides abandoned the towne which came into the Inâidels power againe and so continued 140. yeeres D. Pedro the first of that name the seuenteenth King of Nauarre and the third of Arragon 19. IN the meane time by the decease of D. Sancho Ramires Nauarre and Arragon the crowne of Nauarre and Arragon was come to D. Pedro the first of that name in the yeere 1094. who had raigned nine yeeres in Sobrarbre and Ribagorca At his comming hee swore to maintaine the lawes preuiledges of the country and intitled himselfe King of Pampelone and Arragon He continued the âeege of Huesca the which was long and difficult by reason of the strength of the place and the resistance of the Inhabitants assisted by Almocaben King of Sarragosse and other Moores and also by some Christians of which number were D. Garcia Earle of Cabra and D. Gonçales vassals to the King of Castille A great defeat of Moores and the taking of Huesââ These beeing come to succor Huesca with a mighty army in the yeere 1096. thinking to raise the seege had a battane in the fields called Alcoraz with the Nauarrois and Arâagonois who wonne it killing aboue 30000. Moores the rest were wholy put to rout and flight so as the towne despayring of al succors yeelded to D. Pedro King of Nauarre and Arragon Here they forge the ancient armes of Arragon vpon a vision which the Spanish writers say had appeered to many Arragonois during the combat that is Saint George on horse-backe with a shield of steele and a crosse gueules fighting for the Christians and that after the defeat there were foure heads of the chiefe Princes of the Moores found The armes of Arragon wherevpon they say that D. Pedro the King tooke for the armes of Arragon a crosse gueuls in a field argent betwixt foure Moores heads of the same collour In this battaile of Alcoraz were renouned for their vertue and prowesse Gaston Biâl the stemme of the family of Cornels Federic Atrocillo Lopes Ferencio de Luna Gomes de Luna Fortun Maza Simon Aznar Oteicia Sancho Pegna Knights of Arragon Huesca being taken the great Mosquee was presently dedicated for a Cathedral church and the Episcopal Sea of Iacca was transsated thether as it had beene in times past There were Christians Musarabes found within the towne who had liued there during the Moores Empire alwaies in liberty of their religion saying their seruice in Saint Peters church The King D. Pedro indowed this Cathedrall church of Huesca with great reuenues and inuited by great preuiledges men to come from al parts to inhabit it This D. Pedro during the life time of D. Sancho his father was married to an Italian Lady called by some Bertha by others Ygnes so as it is vncertaine whether hee had one wife Gâncalogy of Nauarre to whom these names are attributed or that he were twice married Hee had by his wife one sonne called also D. Pedro and a daughter named D. Isabel both which died before the father The Infant D. Pedro was married to D. Sol the second daughter of Cid Ruis Diaz As for D. Eluira the other daughter of Cid shee had by her husband D. Ramir Sanches sonne to the King D. Sancho Garcia one sonne called D. Garcia Ramires who was Lord of Corrada and one daughter D. Eluira Ramires the which was married in Castille to D. Rodrigo Gomes sonne to D. Gomes Earle of Candespina and Gormas By these alliances the house of Nauarre and Arragon beeing fauorable to Cid Ruis Diaz who held Valencia he had often aide and support against the Moores both of men and money from the Princes thereof After the taking of Huesca the King D. Pedro put in garrison there D. Fortun Garces de Biel D. Ferris de Liçana and D. Pedro de Vergas hee tooke a strong castle nere to Bolea called Calafanzo and he with the other Christian Princes had done greater exploits if there had beene more faith and better correspondency amongst them yea more zeale and good religion but euery one seeking to make his house great and to that end crossing one an other the Moores power increased by the vnion which they had made of Spaine and Affrike It was at that time when as the warres in the East were most hot and that all the Princes Noblemen and Gentlemen which bare armes in France Germany Italy and England yea and in Spaine burned with desire to goe this voyage Forgetting their countries affaires and families to ingage themselues in this enterprise So as it is no wonder if the Moores Estate beeing in a manner troden vnder foote in the West by their seditions and factions hauing found support of the Myralmumins of Affrike at such time when as euery man did runne to the conquest of the East were restored by the Almorauides At this time the secular Lords or Lay men Tithes granted tolay men fitted themselues with the reuenues of the church and with titles throughout all Europe Pope Vrbain hauing granted his Bulles to Christian Princes and Potentats according vnto those of Pope Gregory the 7. giuen at Saint Iean de Latran in the yeere 1073. who did not grant it but vnto Kings in those Lands where they should build churches But Pope
Vrbain granted it to all Kings Princes Noblemen and gentlemen not onely in places of their foundations but in all other places yea in those countries which they should conquer from the Moores whereof the Noble houses of Spaine as well as in other places haue made their profit yea in high Nauarre and Biscay All these permisions and faculties to enioy as they cal them the spirituall goods of the church the Pope granted to incourage men to make warre against the Infidels not so much for to make them desirous to become Christians as to stay them and repulse them fearing they should come and trouble the commodities of the Romane church which were great in those daies and since D. Alphonso the Braue Castille Emperor of Spaine as hee is intitled in the instrumental letters giuing about that time faculty to the Abbot Fortun to build a towne about the Monastery of Saint Dominike of Silos Beginning of the towne of Saint Dominike of Silos for the great wonders which Christ did vnto the Christians which implored the aide of this Saint such be the words of the letters cited by Garibay in the yeere 1095. This towne in our time is come into the possession of the Duke of Frias Constable of Castille The same King re-edefied nere vnto Toledo and to the castle of Saint Seruant the monastery of Saint Seruant and Saint Germain of the order of Saint Benet which had bin a house belonging to the same order indowed it with great reuenues The name of the Bishop of S. Iames called vntil that time Irienses was changed they were called of Compostella by Buls from Pope Vrbain the 2. The first Bishop which caried this title Bishop of Saint Iaques exempt from all subiection but of the Pope was Dalmichius a religious man of the order of Clugny it was also granted to that church that from thence-forth they should bee no more vnder the Archbishop of Braga as that of Iria had bin but should immediatly acknowledge the holy Apostolike Sea of Rome The Episcopal seat of Oca was changed by the same Pope Vrbain to Bourgos Bourgos made a Bishâprike the chiefe city of Castille with the same preuiledge and exemption not to acknowledge any but the Sea of Rome immediatly yet some say it had bin done long before and that it was only a confirmation which Pope Vrbain the 2. made D. Pedro King of Nauar did for his part giue bountifully vnto churches The writers of the Spanish history make mention of a holy man called Lesmes a Frenchman borne dwelling at Bourgos but they make no particular relation of his Holinesse Nauarre The country of Nauarre being spoiled by grashopers and caterpillers the Nauarrois had recourse to the holy father at Rome bewayling their calamities and intreating him to be a means to pacefie the wrath of God The Pope by the aduice of the Consistory of Cardinals sent the Bishop of Ostia called Gregory who let them vnderstand that it was for their sins the which it may bee D. Pedro de Roda bishop of Pampelone and their other pastors had not told them or else could not perswade them that it was the cause of their affliction This Bishop of Ostia was beleeued and therefore after some amendment amongst the people of Nauarre this scourge of gras-hoppers and caterpillers ceased Herevpon this Gregory of Ostia was held a Saint by them and is at this day the patron and protector of Vignes and fruites Gregory Bishop of Ostia made the Protâctor of vâgnes and fruits in Spaine against caterpillers and other such vermine in Spaine Saint Dominike called de la Calçada was his disciple who liued long in the country neere vnto Nauarre foure leagues from Nagera receiuing strang pilgrimes which came from diuers partes of Europe to visit the sepulcher of Saint Iames. This Saint Gregory died afterwards at Logrogno and is buried at Beruesa in Nauarre where as the history saies the Christians which recommended themselues vnto him are cured of many infirmities In the same season 1098. was instituted the order of Cisteaux in the Diocese of Chalon in Bourgongne by one named Robert This order was augmented since by Saint Bernard who entring into it about the two and twentith yeere of his age did so well as in lesse then 36. yeeres hee erected 16. Abbaies of his Order These were the exercises of religion in those daies to the which the great deuotion of Princes and people did mooue all Kingdomes States Prouinces Townes and in a manner all priuate families In the yeere 1100. Castille died D. Raymond of Bourgongne Earle of Galicia sonne in law to King D. Alphonso the Braue An. 1100. leauing one sonne by D. Vrraca his wife called D. Alphonso Raymond who was bred vp by the Earle D. Pedro Traua and came afterwards to raigne in Castille and Leon. 20. Moores The same yeere their died at Maroc Ioseph Aben-Tefin or Texifien Miralmumin or Emperor of the Arabians in Affrike and Spaine hauing raigned 32. yeeres to whom Ali Aben-Tefin his son succeeded This new King Ali desirous to win honor by armes past soon after his comming to the crowne into Spaine with a great power of Almorauides Affricans and hauing made some stay in Andalusia to ioyne the Moores of Spaine vnto his army hee entred the territory of Toledo where the King D. Alphonso made then his residence being old ful of infirmities therefore vnfit to make head against this Barbarian who was yong and full of ambition to inlarge the country conquered by his father yet hauing called his Nobility together in time if they had beene well led he commanded D. Sancho his sonne to fall forth against this army of Moores being a Prince of a great courage and too desirous to fight beeing accompanied by D. Garcia de Cabra and other Earles and Noblemen of Castille who hauing incountred the enemy nere vnto Voles Christians defeated by the Moores and D. Sarchâ heire of Castille stâine they gaue them battaile but they were defeated and put all to rout The Infant D. Sancho the Earle D. Garcia and other great personages were slaine vpon the place so as the Moores had meanes to ouer-run and spoile the country at their pleasures they tooke many places and forts which the King could not preuent nor make any resistance who was exceeding heauy and sorrowfull for the losse of this battaile but especially for the death of his sonne and onely heire Hee did much blame many captaines which had escaped that day for that they had so rashly ioyned in battaile but this was no meanes to cure the disease This route was the more vnseasonable for that his sonne in law Raymond of Tolouse and Saint Gyles a valiant Commander in the warre by whom hee might haue beene much eased was then absent in Syria where hee died a while after leauing three sonnes Bertrand William and Alphonso Iordain which were all Earles of Tolouseâ
in Portugall These fruites did the two vnchast and lasciuious sisters reape beeing Daughters to king Alphonso the sixth and in a manner at the same time D. Alphonso the 7. left raigning in Castile where he had some places at his deuotion casfile held by a Nauarrois garison during whose raign dyed S. Dominike of Calçada in Rioje who was reputed a Saint hee was buried in the tombe which hee had made in his life time He had beene a Monke of the Order of Saint Benet at Valbanera and after in the Monasterie of Saint AEmylian where they did not much esteeme him wherefore he gaue himselfe to a solitariâ life and to follow the doctrine of Gregorie bishop of Ostia for he was a man without any learning At the place of his Sepulcher there is at this present a towne built with a Cathedrall church and Episcopall see carrying his name vnited at this present to that of Calaorra He was much honoured in his life time and after his death his memorie was reuerenced Monkes beeing then admired which gaue themselues to a monasticke and solitarie life At that time there was giuen by the king D. Alphonso to the Monasterio of Saint Mary of Valbanera the church of Leuador to that of Saint Saluadour of Leyre halfe the towne of Arascues in imitation of whome other Noblemen gaue gifts vnto Churches where they had speciall deuotion euery one choosing for his Patron Aduocate and Protector that Saint of whom the churches and Monasteries were named This was the ordinarie doctrine of that age to win Paradise In the meane time the Bishops intruded themselues into the Councels of Kings to mannage affayres of State The exercise of Bishops of that age and to maintaine their Ecclesiasticall priuiledges rights and reuenues they led armies and were many times too forward to fight as wee reade of D. Pedro of Roda Bishop of Pampelone who about the yeare 1115. medling with the quarrels of some souldiers in the Towne of Tholousa receiued a blow on the head with a stone whereof he died a Martyr as the Spaniards say an aduertisement for the rest to containe themselues in their vocations D. Mayor Garcia daughter to the Earle D. Diego Ordognes and of D. Vrraca Garcia daughter to the king D. Garcia gaue vnto the Monasterie of Nagera about that time certaine possessions which she had in Calaorra D. Fortun Velez a knight at that time one of the most renowned in the Kingdome of Nauarre gaue vnto the same Monasterie the place of Aleçon to furnish lights at the Altar of the Virgin Mary so great and so constant was the opinion of men in that age that by gifts vnto the Clergie they might redeeme their soules from eternall damnation as they did not spare the principall townes of their Estates D. Raymond Arnold Earle of Barcelone at the same time gaue vnto D. Alderic the Archbishop the cittie it selfe of Tarragone The citty of farragone giuen in propriety to the Archbishop of that plaâe which the Archbishops did enioy in full proprietie for the space of foure and thirtie yeares The foundation of the Hospitall vppon the Pyrenee mountaines at the passage of Ronceual seemes to be a godly worke the which was done by D. Sancho de Rosas Bishop of Pampelone about the yeare 1122. but it was onely for Pilgrimes going our of France to Saint Iames wherein King D. Alphonso assisted him with money This Hospitall was built neare vnto the place which was called Charlemagnegs Chappell a place which was much subiect to winds and continuall stormes whereupon it was afterwards built lower in Ronceuall where it is now As soone as D. Alphonso Raymond was crowned King of Castile and Leon by the meanes and direction of D. Pedro de Trauas a Nobleman who was allyed in Cattelogne to the Earles of Vrgel Accord betwixt the king of Castile and his mother and had bred and gouerned that Prince hee beganne to pursue his mother and D. Pedro de Laya her minion D. Vrraca fortified her selfe in the tower of Leon where he beseeged her but by the mediation of some Noblemen who were al of the new Kings partie a peace was made vpon condition that she should giue ouer all gouernement of affaires and be content to liue a priuate life hauing a pension fit for her estate and calling As for D. Pedxo de Lara after that hee had wandred long vp and downe in the end he left the countrie and beeing as coldly entertayned in Nauarre and Arragon as in Castile he made his retreate into Barcelone D. Alphonso the 8. of that name and the 27. King of Leon and the fifth of Castille 7. D. Vrraca being thus dispossessed An. 1122. D. Alphonso Raymond carryed himselfe for king of Castile and Leon. Castile and Leon. After which he thought vpon the recouerie of the forts of Castille which his father-in-law D. Alphonso King of Nauarre detayned from him wherefore he raysed a mightie armie to vse it if hee might not recouer that which hee pretended without armes with these forces he marched towards Nauarre and Arragon which were not vnprouided for the King had also taken armes to crosse him if he should proue insolent and was alreadie entred into Castile by Rioje when as the Prelates of both kingdomes foreseeing the great miseries which would insue if these two great Princes should once enter into warre they laboured to make a peace and vnitie betwixt them and they preuayled so as they perswaded the new king of Castile to make request vnto the king of Nauarre and Arragon Modestie of greater force then armes to restore him his townes and forts the which was of such force as without any difficulty King D. Alphonso beeing glad that he had taken âo modest a course did louingly restore vnto him all that he held in Castile retayning onely the countrie which is from Villorado to Calaorra for that sayd he those lands were of the ancient patrimonie of Nauarre vsurped by king D. Alphonso his father-in-law since the decease of Don Sancho Garcia king of Nauarre and by the same reason the Prouinces of Guipuscoa and Alaâa remained to the crown of Nauarre Thus they layed downe armes of âther side and retired into their countries Alphonso Raymond King of Castile seeing himselfe setled in peace he beganne to make warre against the Moores Exploits of K. D. Alphonso the 8. against the Moores his first enterprise was vpon Coria which towne had beene surprized during the inter-regne or absence of the king of Nauarre and Arragon after the decease of King D. Alphonso the Braue his grandfather This was a worke of few dayes for he easily recouered it but not content herewith hee past on into the countries of Extremadura and Portugal held by the Moores the which he wasted and brought away the spoyles not any Moore appearing to make head against him This good successe of his affaires gaue him courage to greater attempts and
Arragon who could not obtaine his realme of Arragon pretended to recouer that of Nauarre from D. Garcia Ramires saying that it belonged vnto him as beeing brother and lawfull successor to the deceased King D. Alphonso the warrior not withstanding that D. Garcia had more interest then hee or his Predecessors Kings of Arragon being sonne to the Insant D. Ramir Sanches and grand-child to the King D Sancho Garcis slaine by his brother Raymond through desire of raigne after which Parricide the Nauarrois called in D. Sancho of Arragon father to the Kings D. Pedro D. Alphonso and of this Monke to raigne ouer them by reason of the minority of the children of their deceased King and with the forces of Arragon to repulse the murtherer D Raymond and his faction and to keepe him from raigning in Nauarre yea D. Garcia Ramires had a better title to Arragon then D. Alphonso Raymond King of Castille for that he was descended from the King D. Garcia Sanches the eldest sonne of D. Sancho the great but where force raignes right must giue place Notwithstanding all these reasons D. Frere Ramir would make warre in Nauarre and being in armes hee forced Garcia to arme also who to avoide the danger which did threaten him if D. Ramir should make an agreement with the King of Castille hee made hast to doe the homage whereof wee haue spoken but it continued not long for soone after the Kingdome of Nauarre recouered the ancient and hereditary soueraignty D Ramir who kept at Monclus in the mountaines of Sobrarbe staied not long to submit himselfe also to the King of Castille and to doe him homage for his realme of Arragon wherefore D. Alphonso restored him all his lands except Sarragossa and some other places which he kept to make vse of them against the Moores In the meane time there were cruell warres vpon the fronters of Nauarre and Arragon but the Prelats desirous to see this warre ended VVar betwixt Nauarre and Arrâgon laboured to reconcile the two Kings D. Sancho de Rosas bishop of Pampelone an Arragonois borne delt so in this treaty of peace as hee gaue the King D. Garcia occasion to suspect him to be false vnto him for the which he chased him out of his countries wherevpon he was taxed of two great seuerity and for that he had banded himselfe against a prelat he was in a manner compared to D. Pedro d' Athares who by reason of his sterne and sower disposition had beene reiected from the royal dignity so dangerous it was to touch these sacred persons were they good or bad The Prelats who had vndertaken to make this appointment neuer ceased vntil they had brought it vnto these termes that they should choose fixe knights three of either realme by whose iudgement all quarrels should bee ended for Nauarre were chosen Ladron de Guenars William Aznares of Oteyça and Ximen Aznarâs of Torres for Arragon they did choose D. Pedro a Athares Treaty of peace betwixt Nauarre and Arragen D. Caxal and D. Fârris of Huesca These six being assembled at Vadoluengo after many councels and conferences in the end they concluded that either party should lay downe armes and the two Kings should continue good friends and for an order betwixt them they assigned vnto D. Garcia Râmires the superiority ouer the Nobility who should haue the conduct of armies as Generall of both realmes and that D. Ramir should haue commandment ouer the rest of the people and administer iustice the which should take place in regard of their persons onely and during their liues with which sentence the Kings were not well contented Yet D. Ramir beeing willing to satisfie D. Garcia came to Pampelone where hee was receiued with great honour procuring at his first comming the restitution of D. Sancho the Bishop whom hee restored into fauour with the King D. Garcia There they consulted for the setting downe of certaine and apparent lymits betwixt the two realmes of Nauarre and Arragon The seperation was drawne by a direct line from Saint Encratia to Biosal the valley of Roncall remayning to Arragon Then passing the riuer of Sarazas Ancient âââmits betwixt Nauarre and Arragon vnto the place whereas it falls into that of Yda and to Pont Saint Martin and from thence to the place whereas as Yda falls into the riuer of Arragon and that of Arragon into Arga and that of Arga into Ebro and along Ebro into Tudele This diuision beeing made Nauarre it seemed there should not remaine any cause of hatred betwixt these two Kings and that D. Garcia Râmires should reuerence D. Ramir as his father and D. Ramir imbrace D. Garcia as his sonne to whom moreouer hee granted during his life out of his pottion Valtierra Quadrita and that which lies betwixt Roncal and Bisoal the which he should hold in see of the crowne of Arragon to bee reunited againe after his death Yet D. Garcia was not satisfied with this accord perswading himselfe still that D. Ramir ought not to raigne in Arragon for that hee had beene a professed Monke and had taken all orders so as vpon the pursute which he made to bee freed from the homage which hee had done vnto D. Ramir for those places aboue mentioned he attempted to stay him in Pampelone Fraude of the King of Nauaâe ill executed giuing the charge thereof to some of his followers but they could not put it in execution for the King of Arragon was aduertised by a Knight called Ynigo d' Ayuar so as hauing conferred with D. Pedro d' Athares and other knights of Arragon he went out of the towne vnknowne with foure more with him posting away with all speed vntill he came to Saint Sauiour of Leyre where hee staied three daies for his traine who came vnto him according to his directions and from thence he retired in safety to Huesca So it happened to the King D. Sancho Ramires as to his great Grand father D. Garâââ Sanches when as he would haue taken King Fernand the first King of Castille his yonger brother prisoner in the towne of Nagera Herevpon D. Ramir began to leauy men for the future warre of Nauarre whereof the King D. Garcia was assured and therefore hee made many prouision for his defence and safety the best and most worthy to bee imitated was that hee made choice of twelue of the chiefest families of his country Orders for the Nobility of Nauarre whom hee bound vnto him by honours and preferments making them asit were heads of all the rest of the Nobility and gentry of Nauarre Which were the houses of Gueuara Almorauit Baçtan Aybar Leet Subica Rada Bidaurre Montagnt Vrox Cascant and Mauleon He made one Commander ouer these noble houses which should bee respected of them next to the Kings person this was D. Ladron of Gueuara to whom he gaue the title of Earle and was the first which called himselfe Earle of Nauarre this he did for that there
dyed about the yeere 1141. after which the King D. Garcia married againe with D. Vrraca bastard daughter to the Emperor D. Alphonso which he had by a gentlewoman called D. Gontrude sister to one Diego Abregon or Apricio The King had one daughter by this second wife called D. Sancha who was married first to Gaston Earle of Bearne and afterwards to D. Pedro de Molina from whom issued D. Almerigo or Manrique who was vicont of Narbonne by succession from D. Ormesind his grand-mother by the fathers sideâsome say that the second wife of there King D. Garcia was not D. Vrrâca bastard daughter to D. Alphonso King of Castille but the daughter of D. Lope Diaâde Haro Family of Haro Loras of Bisâay Lord of Biscay the third of that name and the first which intitled himselfe de Haro the which was called D. Geâffrey who sister D. Vrraca Lopes was wife to D. Fernand King of Leon the second of that name sonne to the Emperour D. Alphonso then raigning These two Ladies had also one brother called D. Diego Lopes de Haro surnamed the good who was a braue a valiant Knight Yet the first opinion taken out of D. Radrigo Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo a Nauarrois is more approoued by the Spaniards touching the marriages of the King D. Garcia There is mention made in the Histories of Spaine of a Lady of this house of Biscay called D. Maria Lopes Doxations to churches verie deuout and bountifull to the Clergy who gaue Saint Michel de Barbadillu Saint Mary de Lor Saint Mary d' Estiualis Aperregâââ and Magniriette with other lands which are in the Prouince of Alaua where she dwelt to the Monasterie of Nagera The deuotion of Princes and Noblemen in those daies was great striuing who should giue most vnto the Church beeing instructed by the Clergie that the onely meanes to redeeme their soules from eternall damnation was to doe good to religious men who praied to God for them whilest they abandoned themselues to all voluptuosnesse and pleasures in their secular estates spoyling oftentimes their neighbours or subiects of their partimonies to inrich that is to say to ruine the Church making Bishops Abbors Priests and Monkes partakers of their rapines and spoiles During the troubles of Castille Castille Arragon and Nauarre there grew great contention betwixt D. Simeon Bishop of Burgos and D. Sancho de Punes Bishop of Calaorra for the church sepulture of Saint Dominike of Calsada either of them maintayning that it was of his Diocese and iurisdiction Debate among Bishops to enlarge their Dioccses Therein in my opinion they did not striue who should haue the greatest flock and feed theÌ best for their soules health but they rather sought their owne reputations and particular profits for that the opinion of the holinesse to this dead man did euery day increase in which place they built a towne and moreouer that the Kings then raigning in Spaine were very deuour and great benefactors namely the Emperor D. Alphonso Raymond and his wife D. Berenguela who had a little before indowed this church with great possessions The cause was argued before Iudges appointed by the Emperour yet named by the two Bishops which contended for him of Calaorra there was chosen Pedro de Granon Arch-deacon of Calaârra and for the Bishop of Burgos the Arch-deacon of Birbiesca called also Peter a dignity of Burgos these two hauing made diligent inquiry examined ancient and credible witnesses and visited the confââes of both Dioââses they gaue sentence for the Bishop of Calaorra the which in the yeere 1137. many notable personages assisting at the Iudgement signed In the yeere 1141. the Emperor D. Alphonso An. 1141. to incourrage men to people the town which they began to build about the church of Saint Dominike granted to the Inhabitants thereof the vse of the woods forrests mountaines and pastures thereabouts like vnto the other townes their neighbours and moreouer the waters which fell from the mount of Fayola with other commodities which did help to plant this Bourg which beganne then to bee built and since is growne a good towne and a Cathedrall church as we see it The towne was vnder the iurisdiction of the church for a time for some occasions there was a Court rayoll established in the time of Ferdinand the third as we will note hereafter D. Alphonso Henriques the first King of Portugal THe affaires of Portugal during these actions aboue mentioned Portugal remaine obscure by the error and negligence of authors for there is no memory found of the deeds of D. Alphonso Hânriques since the conquest of Leyra and of Torresnauas which was in the yeere of our Lord 1127. vnto the yeere 1139. when as hee past the riuer of Tayo and led an army against a King of the Moores called Ismar or Ismael In this voyage died D. Egas Nugnes who had beene Gouernor to the Earle in his youth and his faithfull councellor hee was interred at the Monastery of Sonsa neere vnto the towne of Porto Hee had founded according to the opinion of some the Monastery of Saint Martin of Cucuayes in the country of Saint Mary Ismar came out of his country against D. Alphonso Henriques beeing accompanied by foure other pettie Kings Moores the two armies were in view one of an other in the fields of Obrigue the Earles was about Castroverde which at that time was called Cabeças de Reys that is to say heads of Kings and as the Christians were much inferiour to the Infidels in number so their opinions were diuers most inclyning to a retreat without fighting but the Earle who was of a Noble courage and generous resolution perswaded his people with such forcible reasons as they resolued to all hazards and for a happie presage of a future victory the souldiars turning themselues to God were moued to salute their Earle Rââal title of the house of Portugal with a royal name and title crying all with one voice Portugal Portugal for the King D Alphonso Henriques Beeing thus incourraged and all in good order they charged the Moores squadrons and made a horrible slaughter of them so as hauing put them all to flight they remained Maisters of the field they tooke fiue royal Standards of the Moores and all their baggage The Portugals celebrate this memorable victory Victory of Obrique called of Obrique vnto this day the honour whereof is due to them which dwell betwixt Tayo and Duero and betwixt Duero and Minio for the Inhabitants beyond Tayo were at that time subiect to the Moores who held also a great part of the country on this side After this battaile D. Alphonso Henriques tooke vpon him the title of King of Portugal and left by succession to his descendants this title obtained by a millitary prerogatiue before the battaile Armes of Portugal Then beganne the armes of that royall house this King taking in memorie of so great a victory which God had giuen
continued almost fiue and twentie yeares We must not wonder if Secular Princes were in combustion seeking to rule one ouer another hauing it may be some plausible pretext seeing that the Prelates of Spaine were a president for them without any reason Primacie of Toledo confirmed The Primacie which hee of Toledo held ouer other Bishops was not acknowledged of all for the Archbishop of Braga and he of Saint Iames resfused to obey him but the Primate of Primates Adrian the third sending l Hyacinth his Legat from Rome forced them by a sentence The end of the ninth Booke THE TENTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1. D. Alphonso the seuenth King of Castile and the fourth of that name called the Noble and the troubles which did rise by the factions of Castro and Lara 2 D. Alphonso the second of that name and sixth King of Arragon Earle of Barcelone 3 Confirmation of the Order of Calatraua 4 Beginning and continuance of the ancient house of Biscay 5 Marriage of King D. Alphonso the noble and of Elenor daughter to Henry the second King of England 6 Warre of Nauarre against Castile and Arragon 7 Marriage of D. Alphonso the second king of Arragon with D. Sancha of Castile to the disgrace of the daughter of Manuel Emperour of Constantinople 8 Prouânce annexed to the Crowne of Arragon the which is exempted from all fealtie and homage to Castile 9 Institution of the knights of the sword of the Order of S. Iames in Galicia Their increase and forces with their Commanderies and benefices 10 Commanderies and other benefices of the Order of Calatraâa and their strength 11 Continuance of the warre against Nauarre and the taking of the lands of Bureuâ and Rioja from this Realme by the Castillans 12 Sedition of the Nobilitie of Castile to defend their Immunities 13 Continuance of the deedes of D. Alphonso Henriques the new King of Portugal and the quarrels betwixt him and the king of Leon. 14 Limitations and diuisions of the conquests which were to be made vpon the Moores betwixt the Christian Princes of Spaine 15 Exploits of the Portugals against the Moores 16 Continuance of the raigne and deeds of D. Fernand the second king of Leon. 17 Beginning of the towne of Victoria in Alaua Expedition of the Nauarrois in Castile and other deeds of armes of D. Sancâo the seuenth 18 Cattelogâe reiects the Soueraigntie of the French 19 The last acts of D. Alphonso Henriques king of Portugal 20 D. Sancho first of that name the second king of Portugal 21 Marriage of D. Fernand the 28. king of Leon and his death 22 D. Alphonso the ninth of that name and 29. king of Leon. 23 Submission of the king of Leon to him of Castile Assembly of the ordinarie estates in Castile Enmitie and hatred betwixt fiue Christian kings raigning in Spaine 24 Deeds of D. Sancho king of Portugal the first of that name and the institution of the Order of Auâz 25 Continuance of the deeds of D. Alphonso king of Castile the building of the fort of of Nauarre neere to Nagera 26 Aben Ioseph Mazemut king of the Moores and his exploits against the Christians of Spaine 27 D. Sancho the strong 21 King of Nauarre the 8. of that name 28 Spoiles done by the Moores in the countries of Castille and Leon. 29 D. Pedro the 2. of that name 7. King of Arragon his marriages and submission to the Pope 30 Descent of the house of Champagne vnto Thibault King of Nauarre the first of that family 31 Inuasions of the realme of Nauarre by the Castillans and Arragonois the Prouince of Guipuscoa taken from it 32 Buildings and reparations of D. Alphonso the Noble King of Castille marriage of D. Blanche his daughter with Lewis father to Saint Lewis the French King 33 D. Rodrigo Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo his deeds buildings and the vniversity made at Palence by King D. Alphonso 34 Great preparatiues of warre both by the Christian Princes and the Moores the memorable battaile of Muradal 35 Armories of Nauarre 36 The last exploits of D. Sancho King of Portugal D. Alphonso second of that name and third King of Portugal 37 Exploits of D. Pedro the 2. King of Arragon Hatred betwixt him and Symon Earle of Montfort his death in the warre of the Albigeois mooued by Saint Dominike 38 D. Iaques the 1. of that name 8. King of Arragon 39 Seditions at Pampelone Exercises of armes appointed by D. Sancho the 8. King of Nauarre as necessary for a warlike nation 40 Order of the Knights of Alcantara 41 D. Henry the first of that name and 8. King of Castille 42 Councel of Saint Iohn de Latran vnder Innocent the 3. sute for the Primacy of Spaine This tenth Booke conteines the descent and continuance of the royall families of Spaine that is Of Nauarre 21 D. Sancho 8. Of Leon. 29 D. Alphonso 9. Of Portugal 2 D. Sancho 1. 3. D. Alphonso 2. Of Arragon 6 D. Alphonso 2. 7 D. Pedro. 2. 8 D. Iaques 1. Of Castille 7 D. Alphonso 4. 8 D. Henry 1. D. Alphonso the noble the seuenth King of Castille the fourth of that name THE death of the King D. Sancho confirmed his surname of desired for that there followed dangerous combustions begunne betwixt two great families of Castille through iealousie and desire of rule The young Kings person beeing then but foure yeeres old was vnder the charge of D. Guttiere Fernando Ruis de Castro according vnto the will of the deceased King his father who had also ordained that the captaines and Gouernors of Prouinces and places should continue in their charges Troubles in Castille by reason of the Kings Noââage vntill that his sonne D. Alphonso should bee fifteene yeeres old compleate Those of the house of Lara being men of great account were discontented with this decree of which family the chiefe was the Earle D. Manrique de Lara who had two brethren D. Aluaro and D. Nugno all sonnes to D. Pedro de Lara of whom wee haue made mention and of D. Aba forsaken by the Earle D. Garcia de Cabra with these there ioyned by reason of consanguinity D. Garcia d' Acia their brother by the mothers side sonne to that Lady D. Aba and the Earle D. Garcia de Cabra her first husband they were greeued to see the Kings person and the chiefe affaires of the Realme in the hands of them of Castro who held many places and good gouernments in Castille and Toledo wherefore they sought all occasions to seize vpon the authority and to dispossesse their aduersaries D. Guttiere Fernandes was an ancient Knight wise faithfull and without any malice who gaue no man occasion to complaine but great meanes to such as enuied his honour to hurt him by his sincerity Hee had also beene Gouernor to the King D. Sancho his father in his youth and was so worthy a knight as they say hee had made and armed fiue hundred Knights with
the Kings person notwithstanding whether remorse of so foule an act altered the mindes of these knights of Lara or that all the bretheren were not a like affected as D. Manrique D. Nugno the yongest of the brethren tooke king D. Alphonso and carried him to Atiença not respecting the accord made with the King D. Fernand who holding himselfe deceiued by D. Manrique sent him word by a knight that hee was a traytor and that he would bee reuenged The Earle made no other answer but that it was lawful for him to doe any thing to deliuer his King and natural Prince from captiuity Afterwards the Earle meeting with the King D. Fernand who accused him of treachery and demaunded Iustice of the Estates of Castille he answered againe that he knew not that he was a traytor but that hee repented him not to haue done his best endeauor to deliuer his King a child of so tender age from such vniust slauery After many reasons and allegations of either side The yong King D. Alphonso giuen in garde to the inhabitants of Auila the Earle D. Manrique was absolued but the King D. Fernand kept in a manner all the places and townes in Castille except some of the lesser which continued vnder the obedience of the King D. Alphonso who was not in any great safety vntill they had found meanes to put him into the Citie of Auila where hee was faithfully kept by his good subiects the inhabitants thereof vntill he was twelue yeeres old wherefore they say commonly in Spaine the Loyal of Auila The tumults and confusions of Castille Nauarre inuited D. Sancho King of Nauarre surnamed the wise to make his profit which is the marke whereat all worldly men doe aime yet had he some iust pretension to doe it especially to inuade the lands lying vpon the riuer of Oja which the Emperour D. Alphonso had laied hold on during the vacancie and Interregne of Nauarre and Arragon So as hee went to armes entred in hostile manner into that Prouince and tooke Logrogno Entrena and Cerezo and passing on he also tooke Birbiesca and in a manner all that was in his way euen vnto Burgos all which places he did fortefie but yet he enioyed them not long The King of Nauarre did all these things without any resistance made by them of Castille beeing fauoured by the confusion of the time and the infancy of the young King D. Alphonso besides that towards Arragon hee found himselfe assured by a peace concluded with the Earle D. Raymond Berenger Death of D. Raâmonâ berenger Earle of Barcelone 1162. the which was the better confirmed by his death which happened in the yeere 1162. in Piedmont in the Bourge of Saint Dalmace neere vnto Turin This Prince went by sea into Italy with his Nephew the Earle of Prouence to conferre with the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa who made warre then in the Dutchy of Milan D. Alphonso the second and the sixth King of Arragon 2. THis Earle had gouerned Cattelogne and Barcelone thirty one yeeres Arragon and the realme of Arragon fiue and twenty He was wise and valiant but too ambitious He lest D. Raymond his sonne who was afterwards called D. Alphonso heire of both Estates by his testament by the which hee gaue vnto D. Pedro his second son the Earledome of Cerdagne with the same rights as Cont Bernard William had held it and moreouer the demeins and reuenues of the lands of Carcassone Disposition of D. Raymond Berengers wil. and rights of Narbonne and other places in Languedoc reseruing the homage vnto the Earle of Barcelon and King of Arragon his eldest substituting to D. Pedro his third son D. Sancho in case hee died without children and them two to their eldest brother D. Alphonso either of them in his Siegneuries with his children vnto Henry the second King of England his ally and faithfull friend the Queene D. Petronille his wife remayning Regent and tutresse of her Son and Realme but she brought D. Alphonso being but 12. yeeres old to the gouernment of the State vnder the conduct of the Earle of Prouence his cousin germain the Queene giuing ouer that charge as vnfit for women This was the first King of Arragon that was Earle of Barcelone since which time these two Estates have not beene diuided Returning to D. Sancho King of Nauarre Nauarre hee gouerned his realme wisely and iustly and had about him many good and vertuous Prelats and Knights amongst the which were D. Viuian Bishop of Pampelone the Earle D. Bela Ladron Lord that is to say gouernor in Alaua Rodrigues Martines Gouernor in Maragnon Pedro Ruis in Estella and Gallipienço Sancho Ramires in Sanguessa Ximeno of Ayuar in Roncal Ximen Aznares in Tafalla Sancho Esquerra in Saint Mary of Vxua Martin de Lees in Peralta Aznar de Rada in Falses and in Valtierra Peter of Araçury in Logrogno and Tudele with diuers others As for his domestike affaires hee was married to D. Sancha Infanta of Castille whom others call Beacia or Beatrix daughter to the Emperor D. Alphonso by whom he had a goodly issue D. Sancho who was King after his father D. Fernand and D. Ramir Geneology of Nauarre the which was Bishop of Pampelone for Ecclesiastical charges which had great reuenues were not there giuen to Pastors which had care of Christians manners and consciences but were portions for Kings children hee was otherwise called D. Remy Beside three sonnes she brought him three daughters D. Berenguela who was married to Richard King of England surnamed Corde-Lion and had for her dowry the country of Maine in France where shee spent the remainder of her daies like a vertuous widow after the decease of the King her husband D. Sanchos second daughter was D. Theresa otherwise called Constance who died a virgin and the third was D. Blanche married to Thiband Earle of Champaigne and Brie from whom the race of the Kings of Nauarre of the house of Champaigne had their beginning in D. Thiband their son About the yeere 1165. An. 1165. the sentence of the Processe betwixt the Bishops of Pampelone and Sarragosse begunne in the time of D. Lope Predecessor to D. Viuian with D. Pedro of Zarroja for the lymits of their Dioceses and Iurisdictions which had beene iudged by the Legat Hyacinthe Cardinal of the title of Saint Mary in Cosmedin was confirmed by Pope Alexander the third successor to Adrian the fourth beeing at Montpellier in France who also by his Bull confirmed the preuiledges of the Church of Pampelone and the order of the regular Chanoins of Saint Augustin instituted by D. Pedro Roda the Bishop as other Popes his Predecessors had done During these things Portugal D. Alphonso Henriques King of Portugal hauing some quiet with the Moores who were not well setled vnder the obedience of the Almohades spent his time about the fortification of the fronter townes of his realme vnto the yeeres 1165. when as he went
thought themselues sufficiently discharged if they did build any retreate for Monkes and withall they had an assurance that their beginning should not remaine imperfect nor vnprouided of rich reuenues seing that the hearts of Kings and of all men in generall were seasoned with this perswasion that to enrich the Clergie was the true meanes to wipe out all their offences and to bee saued Wherefore all their exhortations councells and other care tended only to this end to entertaine all especially the Nobilitie in this opinion This Bishop according to this kind of doctrine built and erected this Monasterie of Nostra Signora of Irançu and there placed the religious of Cisteaux the Abbot of which place is of great authoritie in Nauarre and hath a voyce in the assembly of the Estates as a chiefe member of the Clergie 11 Returning to the secular affaires of Castile wee finde that this yeare Don Alphonso Castille the Noble made another roade into Nauarre being assisted by Don Celebrun Arch-bishop of Toledo and many other Bishops but to small effect The most renowned among the Knights which serued him were Don Gonçal of Maragnon his Standard-bearer and Don Roderigo Guttieres Lord Steward these were Offices in the court of Castile An. 1177. which were held during the kings pleasure This warre was diuerted by the inuasions which the Moores made into Castile and Arragon Cuenca taken from the Moores in the yeare 1177. Whereupon the two Kings ioyning their forces together beseeged Cuença The place was strong and well manned and hard to be forced wherefore the King of Castile left the king of Arragon there who after many assaults tooke it There they placed and instituted in Episcopall seate changing that of old Valeria by a graunt from Pope Alexander the third After which the Moores of Alarçon doubting they should not be able to defend that place quit it which conquests remained to Castille and this was at the same time when as King Don Alphonso the Noble did remit the Soueraigntie and homage which the King of Arragon did owe to the Crowne of Castille In the yeare 1179. An. 1179. there was a new League made and confirmed betwixt these Princes of Castille and Arragon League against Nauarre to make warre against the king of Nauarre at their common charge and equall conquests according to the which Don Alphonso the Noble did so presse the King Don Sancho alongst the Riuer of Oja as hee tooke from him the places which hee had seazed on during his infancie and recouered Burbiesca Cereso Granon Entrena and Logrogno remaining by this meanes Lord and Master of Rioje and Bureua Rioâe and ãâã taken by the âastillans from Nauarrâ the which the kings of Nauarre could neuer after get The losse was made more grieuous by the death of Donna Beacia Queene of Nauarre a Princesse of great vertue who as some write was buried in the Cathedrall church of Pampelone 12. After all this D. Alphonso the Noble came to Burgos to prouide for the necessities of the warre as well against Nauarre as the Moores and hauing need of great sums of money to that end he propounded in a generall assembly of the Estates at Burgos to leauie taxe vpon the people whereunto the Nobility as well as the rest should contribute imposing fiue Marauidis of gold for euery person the which was valued aboue fiue Ducats this counsell was giuen him by Diego Lopes de Haro Nobility of Castile defend their freedoms Lord of Biscay but it tooke no effect for all the Gentlemen of Castile beeing discontented that hee sought to infringe their liberties fell to armes and beeing led by the Earle Don Pedro de Lara they were resolued to defend it with the hazard of their liues Wherefore D. Alphonso changed his opinion and let them vnderstand that from thencefoorth hee would maintaine their immunities and that whatsoeuer he had then propounded was not to continue but onely to supply the present necessitie of this affaires which he would seeke to furnish by some other meanes For the great resolution which D. Pedro de Lara shewed in this action they say that the Nobilitie of Castille did grant to him and to his successors a sollemne breakâ fast in testimonie of his good indeuour in a businesse of so great consequence and moreouer they affirme that thereby the Lords of Lara haue the first voice for the Nobilitie in the Court of Castil VVhente the Prouerb comâ in Spaine to reuenge his Nâbilitie for 500 solz It is not from these 5. Marauidis of gold that the Prouerbe is growne in Spaine To reuenge or defend their Nobilitie for fiue hundred solz for fiue Marauidis are not fiue hundred solz Wherefore leauing all the fables which some produce to that purpose you must vnderstand that according to the ancient lawes of Castile the iniurie which any one did vnto a Gentleman where they was a ciuill reparation they payed fiue hundred solz for a fyne which were worth foure hundred Marauidis of currant money at those dayes and that which was done to one which was no Gentleman was repayred by three hundred solz which were worth but two hundred and fortie Marauidis wherefore the Prouerbe to reuenge his Nobility for 500. solz is drawne from these ciuill lawes D. Alphonso king of Castile meaning to follow the warre with all vehemencie against the Moores after that he had recouered those places which D. Sancho king of Nauarre had taken from him and the quarrels betwixt him and his vncle Don Fernand king of Leon beeing somewhat reconciled by the mediation of the Noblemen and Prelates of both Realmes and by the meanes of the king of Arragon who sent Don Berenger Bishop of Lerida and D. Raymond of Moncada thither the more to tye the holy Knights vnto him and to haue them readie at need he made Vcles the chiefe seate of the Knights of Saint Iames to whom he gaue the Townes of Mora Ocagne Oreja and other places along the riuer of Tayo He gaue to the Order of Calatraua the townes of Magueda Aceca Cogolludo Surita and others hee peopled the towne of Palence in Vera or rather Playsance and there placed the auncient Episcopall sea hee fortified Toledo and rampared Alarcos in that Diocesse beeing a place of importance vpon a hill on the left hand comming from Almodouar del Campo to Cité reall about Caracuel 13 In the meane time there fell out a great quarrell betwixt Don Fernand king of Leon Portugal and Don Alphonso Henriques King of Portugall by reason of the fort of Cité Roderigo Kings of Leon and castile in quarrell whereas the King of Leon maintained a garrison which did much annoy the Portugals for the souldiers of this place did continually spoile the Portugals countrie without any respect wherefore D. Alphonso Henriques who was now very old sent this sonne D. Sancho with an army against this garrison of the King of Leon and to
Lopes de Haro came vnto the king of Castile who beeing entred into Andalusia beseeged Baeça which the Moores had rampared but by reason of the great dearth he raised the seege and returned to Calatraua where hauing left Don Roderigo the Arch-bishop to order all things vpon the fronter he came to Burgos The Arch-bishop began to build the new towne of Milagro where the worke-men were charged by the Moores who made a great slaughter of them and of many of the people which began to inhabit it for the which the Arch-bishop prouided as well as he could and made a truce with the enemie in the Kings name Beeing returned to the king to Burgos he resolued to make a voiage into Guienne where hee had some pretensions in the right of Queene Elenor his wife Before his departure hee would conferre with Don Alphonso king of Portugal his sonne-in-law sending to intreate him to meete him at Plaisance on a certaine day but beeing vppon the way he fell sicke in Garci Mugnos a Bourg of Areualo where he was forced to stay then did his griefe increase by the answer he receiued from the King of Portugall Death of Don Alphonso the Noble King of Castile who sent him word he would not passe the limits of his kingdome by reason whereof hee was so much mooued with choller as he dyed in the yeare 1214. the fiue and fiftith yeare of his raigne and the nine and fiftith of his age his body was carried to Burgos whereas his funerals were made and it interred in the Monasterie of las Huelgas with the teares and griefe of all Spaine D. Henry the first of that name the eighth King of Castile 41 IN his place raigned his sonne D. Henry the first of that name in Castile and Toledo who was but eleuen yeares old whereupon the Prelats Nobles and Commons assembled at Burgos where hauing declared him king and taken the oath they made the Queene Donna Eleonora his mother Gouernesse of his person and Realmes but she suruiued her husband but 25. dayes D Berenguela queene of Leon gouernesse of Castile and was interred in the same Monasterie By her decree Donna Berenguela the kings sister gouerned both him and his Realmes who carried herselfe vprightly to the contentment of all the Estates during her administration She was Ladie of Vailledolit Mugnon Curiel Gormas Saint Stephen of the castell of Burgos and other places and rents assigned by Don Alphonso her father During her regency the Councell of Latran was celebrated at Rome vnder Pope Innocent the third with a great concourse of Prelates from all parts of Christendome Whither there went D. Roderigo Ximenes Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primate of Spaine the Arch-bishop of Braga Councell of S. Iohn de Latran vnder InnoceÌt the third the Bishop of Vic and other Prelates of Spain There were aboue 300. at this assembly which did exercise chiefe dignities in the church besides others innumerable of all estates they did chiefely treate of the meanes how to vphold the Christians estate in Palestina or the holy Land then of the rights of Patronage and reception of fruites and reuenewes of Churches by lay men The Archbishoppe Don Roderigo preached with the Popes leaue in the assembly very learnedly in Latin according vnto those times and for that that language was not well vnderstood by all that were there present he expounded the substance of his Sermon in Italian Germaine French English Castillan and Biscain Processe for the Primacie of Spaine or Nauarrois which was his naturall tongue for the which he was much commended and esteemed as Garybay saith next to Doctor Blaz Ortiz which done and the Councell freed of the affaires which touched the generall of Christendome the Arch-bishop D. Roderigo complayned of the contumacie and disobedience of the Arch-bishops of Narbone Tarragone Braga and Saint Iames who would not acknowledge the Primacie of Toledo to proue the which he produced many priuiledges of the holy Apostolike sea especially of these Popes Vrbain Gelasius and Honorius the 2. Lucius the 3. Adrian the 4. and Innocent the 2. granted to the Church of Toledo and the Prelates therof as Primates of Spaine He alledged many ancient Councels celebrated in Spaine and iustified the equitie of his cause by many ancient Histories and authenticall Records The Pope desired to heare the parties interressed wherefore the Archbishop of Braga beeing present answered for himselfe for him of Tarragone who was absent the Bishop of Vic one of his Suffragans presented himselfe both which denyed the Primacie They of Narbonne and Saint Iames were excused beeing absent And for that the Archbishop D. Roderigo Ximenes was prest to returne into Spaine the processe remained for that time vndecided yet he obtained from the Pope many great prouisions which were both profitable and honorable as to be Legate of Spaine for ten yeares with power to make legitimate to the number of three hundred with other ample faculties right to choose and establish Bishops in all the townes which should come into the Christians power and that the Church of Seuile in that case should acknowledge the Primacie of Toledo without any sute and that the Arch-bishop thereof should dispose of all other Ecclesiasticall dignities in places conquered or to be conquered This Archbishop D. Roderigo Ximenes hath written the Historie of Spaine in Latine vnto his time and in like manner that of the Moores or Arabians since Mahumet The end of the tenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE ELEVENTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 TRouble 's for the gouernment of Castile during the minority of the King D. Henry the first Insolencies of the Lord of Lara 2 Pretensions of the house of France to the Crowne of Castile 3 D. Fernand the third of that name ninth king of Castile who was also the 30. of Leon. 4 Moores in Spaine fall from the Miralmumins or kings of Affricke diuers petty Potentates of that Sect erected in Spaine 5 Warre betwixt the king of Leon and him of Castile father and sonne 6 The Order of Monkes of S. Dominicke the first planting of them in Spaine 7 Separation of the Knights of Alcantara from them of Calatraua and their habit 8 D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Prouence of the house of Cattelogne his marriages and children 9 Order of Merced instituted in Arragon 10 Order Seraphique of the Monkes of S. Francis 11 Peopling of Monkes of this Order in Portugall S. Anthonie of Padoua a Portuguez 12 D. Sancho Capello the fourth king of Portugall second of that name 13 Warre of the Castillans against the Moores 14 Aben Mahumet king of Seuile 15 Conquest of the Ilands Baleares by D. Iames king of Arragon the first of that name 16 Re-union of Leon with Castile by the death of D. Alphonso the ninth vnder Don Fernand his sonne aboue-mentioned 17 Title of the Kings of Ierusalem vsurped by the Kings of Naples and why 18 Impatience of Thibaud
and readie to be beseeged by her enemies vpon which pretext they should demaund the Infant her sonne with some succors of souldiers the which the Ambassadours did wisely effect bringing D. Fernand to Oteilla where hee was proclaimed king of Castile Toledo and Nagera in the open field vnder an Elme by the Noblemen which were there present and presently marched towards Palencia Fernand the third proclaimed king of Castile where as the King the Queen his mother with their whole traine were receiued with great honour by Don Tello the Bishop From thence they came to Duegnas which place they were constrained to force so as the warre began to grow hote which the Prelates and Noble-men of the countrie laboured to preuent but in vaine the Earle D. Aluar refusing to quit his authoritie and to lay downe armes vntill he had the person of the new King Don Fernand in his power as he had had that of D. Henry but the memorie of his bad gouernment distasted euery man so as they were so farre from satisfying his desire as they were all ashamed to haue beene so ill aduised to giue the authoritie and gouernement of the Realme to such violent persons as them of Lara wherefore they sought how to haue the king obeyed by Armes to the great ruine of the countrey The King and Queene-mother past on with their troupes to Vailledolit and so to the riuer of Duero from thence they went to Coca where they shut the gates against them wherefore they came to Saint Iust where they receiued two aduertisements the one was that they should not go to Auila nor Segouia the other that the Infant Don Sancho Fernandes brother to Don Alphonso king of Leon borne of D. Vrraca Lopes was comming against them with a mightie army whereupon they turned backe towards Vailledolit where they found some alterations against the Queene and her sonne practised by them of Lara whom by her wisedome she pacified There hauing aââembled the Noblemen which had charges and dignities within the Realme she intreated them to aduise what was fit for the peace and publike quiet offering to do any thing which they should councell her They who knew her to be a wise and discreet woman were of opinion that she should raigne as lawfull heire of Castile but she desiring more the good and greatnesse of her sonne then her owne renounced the royaltie in the presence of them all resigned it wholly vnto her fon Don Fernand the which was a worthy act and commended of all men Whereupon the King was conducted vnto the Church of Saint Mary the great and there with a generall applause and consent was confirmed King and the oath taken of either side the King being scarce seuenteene yeares whose raigne was happie and full of all good 4 The Moores of Spaine Moores subiect to Aben Mahomad Miralmumin of Affricke seeing themselues destitute of his ayde and support after the losse of the Battaile of Muradal as it doth often happen after such inconueniences and losses grew to haue a bad conceite of their King Mahomad and did beleeue or made shew to beleeue that the battaile was lost by his fault wherefore all such aâ The Arabians in Spain reâect the Miralmumins of Africk had any charges and gouernements reuolted and erected many petty Kingdomes in Spaine Among them the first and chiefe was the Miralmumims owne brother called Zeit Aben-Zeit who by others is called Zeita Buzeit who seazed vpon the towne of Valencia the Iurisdictions therof A cousin of his called Aben Mahomad when as the Christians army infected with the plague returned into Castile seazed vpon Baeça who had the cittie of Cordoua also at his deuotion with many other places in Andalusia and on the confines of Toledo whom many Moores followed for that he was descended by masculine line from Abdelmon the first king of the Almohades and came of Abdalla one of his sonnes these two had yet some colour to hold that which their grandfather had conquered in Spaine But at Seuille there did rise a mightie Moore called Aben Lalle vnder whose power the townes of Eccia Carmona Xeres Gouernours Moores make themsâlues Lords of their gouernements and others of Andalusia did subiect themselues In Murcia and Granado there was one named AbenâHut made himselfe King beeing of the race of those Moores which had raigned in Sarragossa In this sort the other Moores made themselues masters of townes and Prouinces in Spaine where they had beene set for Gouernors all which did enter into league with the aboue-named as the mightiest giuing an end in Spaine to the Empire of the Almohades and Kings of Maroc two and fiftie yeares after the passage of king Abdelmon This was the last diuision betwixt the Moores of Spaine and Affricke the which were neuer more vnited vnder one Crowne notwithstanding that there haue many times troupes and armies past out of Africke into Spaine against the Christians to succor those pettie Kings of the Moores which raigned there whereas the Kings of Maroc might hold some sea-townes and forts giuen them by the Kings of Granado to fauour their descents yet they neuer after had any great power not Empire there From these new erected estates which were not yet very well vnited the King of Castile as we haue sayd had taken the strong citty of Alcaraz and he of Leon that of Alcantara in the yeare 1213. Since a truce beeing made betwixt the Christians and Moores for some yeares these Infidels had leysure to settle themselues and to fortifie their places In the yeare 1217. 1217. Don Mathew Bishop of Lisbone beeing leader of the armie of Portugal tooke from them Alcaçar de Sal beeing assisted by strangers which were going into Syria and by the Prior of the Templers and Prior of Saint Iohn These strangers were English French and Flemings hauing a fleet of an hundred sayle beeing mooued thereunto by the admonitions and decrees of the Councell of Saint Iohn de Latran held by Pope Innocent the third which was the fifth expedition made by publike decree and Councell by the which Andrew king of Hungarie was named Generall of the Christians armie in the West notwithstanding Iohn Earle of Brenne went in his place 5 Returning to Castile Castile the young king Don Fernand his mother and and all the Castillans were much troubled after they had chosen him for that the King D. Alphonso his father beeing discontented that D. Berenguela had by policy gorten away his sonne and seemed to distrust him and withall being desirous to vnite that realme to his of Leon and to be called Emperour of Spaine he came into Spaine with a mightie armie whereupon they sent Don Maurice Bishop of Burgos and Don Domingo bishop of Auila to beseech the King not to disquiet his sonnes Realme The King of Leon enters with an armie into Castile against his son D. Fernand. of whose good he should bee rather glad then
haue beene a widow To this effect D. Maurice Bishop of Burgos and D. Pedro Abbot of the Monastery of Saint Peter of Arlança D. Ferdinand King of Castille merries the Emperor of Germanies daughter with the Prior of the Order of Saint Iohn were sent Ambassadors wel attended who concluded this marriage notwithstanding that they held them foure monthes without any resolution this Princesse was sent into Spaine through France whereas Philip Augustus then raigning did her much honour throughout his whole realme causing her to bee conducted vnto Guipusâoa from whence the Noblemen of Spaine which were deputed to receiue her conducted her to Victoria whereas the Queene D. Berengula met her and did accompany her to Burgos this Princesse did please D. Fernand for she was exceeding faire Three daies after her arriual the King was made Knight and did arme himselfe in the Monastery of Las Huelgas and then he married D. Beatrix the last of December 1220. An. 1220. Of this marriage issued many children whereof the eldest was Alphonso who succeeded in the two Realmes of Castille and Leon the second was D. Frederic the third D. Fernand the fourth D. Henry the fifth D. Philip the sixth D. Sancho the seuenth and last D. Manuel Hee had also two daughters D. Elenor who died and Infant an D. Berenguela a Nunne in the Monastery of Las Huelgas The yeere following 1221. the marriage was concluded betwixt D. Elenor the King of Castilles aunt and D. Iames King of Arragon Arragon who was then but thirteene yeeres old which argues falshood in some which haue written that this King before hee married this Princesse had contracted a secret marriage with D. Theresa Gil of Bidaura daughter of D. Iohn of Bidaura of whom hee begot two sonnes the one called D. Pedro who was Lord of Aierbe and the other D. Iaime Lord of Xerica the which hath no great ground in nature considering the King was very yong and we must beleeue that the acquintance he had with this Lady either as a spouse or a friend was ten yeeres after when he was diuorced from D. Elenor. He was in a manner constrained to make this alliance with Castille hauing need of D. Fernands assistance by reason of the troubles he had in his country which grew through the bad and tyranous gouernment and ambition of his vncles the which wee must relate and fetch farther off This Prince had beene drawne as wee haue sayd out of the hands of Symon Earle of Montfort and conducted into his realme of Arragon where there was great contention betwixt the Estates Contentions in Arragon and the Earles of Roussillon the father and sonne to D. Fernand and the Abbot of Montarragon the Kings vncles who in stead of gouerning the realme would haue wrested it from him notwithstanding by the fidelity of the Estates and their authority together with the dilligence of the Cardinal of Beneuent the Legat right preuailed and the Infant D. Iames was ackowledged for lawfull King at Lerida as I haue sayd where the Princes contending did not appeere Raymond Berenger Earle of ârouence father to fiue Queenes 8 There were three Gouernors appointed two in Arragon which were D. Pedro d' Ahones and D. Pedro Fernandes d' Açagra whose Gouernments were distinct by the riuer of Ebro and the third in Cattelogâe Ouer all the which D. Sancho Earle of Roussillon was appointed superintendent There it was also concluded that D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Prouence a young Prince of nine yeeres of age sonne to D. Alphonso should be with the King vnder the same tutors aboue mentioned the which was put in execution but the Earle soone after about the yeere of our Lord 1216. escaped from them and retired into Prouence where hee married the daughter of Thomas Earle of Morienne named Beatrix who was mother of fiue Queenes To preuent the continual practises of the Earles of Roussillon and of D. Fernand vncles to the young King it was resolued about the yeere 1217. that hee should bee declared of full age being then but tenne yeeres old according vnto some the which the Earle of Rousillon did wonderfully contradict yet after great contention he quit the Regency in the yeere 1218. by the authority of the Estates assembled to that end at Tarragone whereas the Earle receiued certaine places in fee of the King At this time the authority of the Magistrate called the Iustice of Arragon was great for the defence of the publike liberty The yeere following 1219. all the continent of Spaine was afflicted with a great drought wherevnto it is very much subiect as well through want of raine as for that the springs were dried vp so as there followed a great dearth and pestilent diseases These calamities were accompanied with troubles and ciuill seditions by the rebellion of D. Roderigo Lizana a man of great authority and power who being incensed for some pretended wrongs against Lope d' Albero hee surprized him in his house and shut him vp in a fort of his from whence the King deliuered him by force his commandements nor the decrees of his councel preuailing nothing D. Roderigo despayring to finde grace with the King retired to Albarrazin to D. Pedro Fernandes de Açagra whether they senâtroupes of souldiers to besiege them who could not force the place beeing strong both by nature and art notwithstanding D. Roderigo and D. Pedro Fernandes acknowledging their fault obtained pardon of the King In these sieges they vsed an Engine of battery made at Huesca which did cast great stones making one hundred and fifty shot in a day and a night with great ruine These things happened in the yeere 1221. whilest they treated of the marriage of the sayd King D. Iames with D. Elenor of Castille the Mediators whereof were D. Symon Cornel William Ceruera and William Raymond of Moncade hee which married Garsinde the heire of the country of Berne for the accomplishing wherof the parties met at Agreda where they were made sure and the contract of marriage drawne greatly to the Queenes aduantage from whence they went to marry in the city of Tarrassone Of this marriage D. Alphonso was borne who died before the father This marriage was not firme for being made without a dispensation from the Pope being cousins in a prohibited degree it was dissolued by Pope Honorius the second after some yeeres and the Infanta sent home into Castille yet some say that shee professed herselfe in the Monastery of Saint Mary de la Vega. 9 A little before this King D. Iaime had instituted the Order which they call our Lady of the redemption of prisoners otherwise de la Merced Order of Merced by the councel of his confessor friat Raymond of Pegnafort or Rochefort who set downe the rules for the religious of this Order vnder that of Saint Augustine Their profession and chiefe vow was to goe into the Moores country to redeeme Christians that were prisoners and if
that hee had sent victuals vnto the campe before Capilla were rebelled against him and had forced him to flie to the castle of Almodauat del Rio whereas thinking to enter he was preuented and slaine by two Moores who had carried his head to Aben Lalle Traytors iustly punished King of Seuille These murtherers thinking to haue done an act very pleasing to this Moorish King and expecting some good recompence were deceiued for the King of Seuile caused both their heads to bee cut off and cast vnto the dogges This happened in the yeere 1227. An. 1227. at that time died Lewis the eight the French King father to Saint Lewis and husband to the Queene D. Blanche of Castille This Lady by the will of the King her husband was left Regent of the realme of France during the minority of the King her sonne who was but twelue yeeres old wherewith many Noblemen of France being discontented banded against her to dispossesse her of the gouernment thinking it vnworthy the name of the French and ominous for their Estate to be gouerned by a woman especially a stranger The chiefe of the conspirators were Philip Earle of Bologne the Kings vncle Peter Duke of Brittan Hugh de la March Robert d' Eureux Raymond Troubles in France for the Gouernment of Tolousa and Thybauld of Champagne who was King of Nauarre but the Queene who it may bee found they had more regard to their priuate interests then to the publike good resisted them courragiously beeing supported by other Noblemen of France so as from words they fell to armes Vpon this occasion the King D. Fernand was sollicited to succor the Queene D. Blanche his aunt against the Rebels whereof he excused himselfe although hee seemed to be much greeued for her distresse But hee was then so ingaged in warre against the Moore as it was impossible for him to deuide his forces but you must obserue that by the right of succession the realme of Castille did belong vnto her the which D. Fernand did hold so as there was little loue betwixt them Afterwards all succeeded to the Queenes desire in France who made frustrate her enemies deseignes as the French Histories report gouerning the realme and breeding vp her sonne vnder the discipline of the religious of Saint Dominike and St. Francis who were then in great credit The King of Baeça being slaine as we haue sayd new difficulties did arrise for the King of Castille for the Moores of Baeça being aduertised thereof Baesa Castle besieged by the Moores they presently put themselues in armes and began to assault the castle the which was garded by the maister of the Knights of the Calatraua who whilst hee defended himselfe valiantly aduertised the King of his distresse who poasted thither hauing in his company D. Aluaro Peres de Castro other knights The brute of his comming did strike such a terror into these mutinous Moores as they dislodged before they saw him and fled to Grenado as they also of Martos did they coniecture that these did people the Albaycin of Grenado the King put D. Lope Dias de Haro Lord of Biscay Great church of Toledo built by the Archbishop D. Roderigo in garrison into Baeça into Martos D. Aluaro Peres de Castro and D. Tellâ Alphonso de Meneses and others in other places and so returned to Toledo whereas that yeer the Archbishop D. Roderigo Ximenes began to build the great church as it is at this present different froÌ that form it was of before when it was a Mosquee for the Moores 15 In Arragon the expedition of Majorca was decreed 1228. Arragon this Island was held by the Moores An. 1228. and their King Abohibe whom others call Retaboâmhe who did incessantly spoile the sea and the coast of Spaine without any pretext and did impudently mocke at the King of Arragon when hee complained of the thefts and robberies committed by him or his men Estates of Arragon make warre and peace and al Leagues Author H. Surite For this cause at the Estates assembled at Barcelona they consenting and requiring it according to the customes and preuiledges of the Arragonois Cattelans a war was resolued against this King of the Moores and the Majorkins for the which there were 155. vessels of al sorts prepared the which transported the army to Palombara the chiefe commanders were D. Berengaire Paloâx Bishop of Barcelona D. Nugno of Arragon Earle of Rossillon William of Moncade Lord of Berne William Raymond of Moncade his cousin Geoffry of Roccabertin Oliuer Thermes William of Saint Martin Gerard Ceruillon Raymond Allemand William of Clermont Hugues Mataplane William of Saint Vincent Raymond Belloc Bernard Centillas William Palafogiâ Berengaire of Saint Eugene and other great and valiant Noblemen of Arragon and Cattelogne the first which leaped to land was one named Bernard Argentone At their first aboard the Arragonois were incountred and sharply repulsed by the Moores with the losse of the Lord of Bearây of D. Raymond his cousin Hugâes of Mataplane and many other knights and good souldiars which were slaine vpon the place but when as the whole army was landed and had better meanes to discouer both the enemies and the country the Moores were beaten backe into their towne and besieged the which was with great dilligence and fury battered assaulted notwithstanding the siege was long and difficult for it continued fifteene monthes til in the end after much toile and losse the city of Majorca came into the power of the Arragonois Maiorca taken from the Moores hauing beene valiantly and obstinatly defended by the Moores the King Abohibe a son of his and many Moores were slaine in this warre and the city of Majorca forced the spoile thereof was diuided by the Bishops of Barcelona and Lerida by the Earles D. Nugno of Rossillon D. Ponce Hugâes of Empurias D. Pedro Cornel and Symon Vrrea but whether they shewed themselues partial in this diuision or for some other occasion the soldiars mutined and spoiled the tents and baggage of these Bishops and Noblemen al the Island being won except some mountaines and forests whether the remainder of the Moores which had escaped were retired Nomination of the Bishop of Maiorca Majorca was made subiect for the spiritualty to the Bishop of Barcelona but in such sort as it should haue a particular bishop which was then named by the King which bishop beeing dead the nomination should belong to the bishop and Chapter of Barcelona who sayd this right had beene long due vnto them The first that was named to this dignity was D. Raymond Torelta an other son of the King of Majorcas was a while after baptized and was named Iames he married a lady of the family of Alagon daughter to D. Martin Rouland Alagon from him is descended the house of Gottorio so called of the place which was giuen in fee to this Prince of the Moores by the King D.
Principalitie of Cattelogne and Earldome of Barcelona to enioy it from that time in full proprietie and Soueraignty without acknowledging themselues any more vassals to the Kings of France the which was done at Clermont in Auuergne whereas both Kings met in the yeare 1260. In recompence the King of Arragon did also quit for his part the rights of Soueraigntie which he pretended to Carcassone Rhodes Beziers Locate Albi Amillaire Nismes Saint Giles and other lands in France Dowry of Q. Isabell. the which he assigned in dowrie to his daughter D. Isabel with the reuenues of Carcassone and Beziers and moreouer he quit all right which he could pretend to the Earledome of Prouence Folquaquier Arles Auignon and Marseilles in fauour of Queene Marguerite of France The death of D. Sancho king of Nauarre the beginning of the warre of Valencia and the second marriage of D. Iames King of Arragon happened all in the yeare 1234. by reason whereof Accord betwixt the kings of Castile and Arragon for the diuorâe of Q. Elenor. and to giue order for the affaires of the Infanta D. Elenor whom he had put away by reason of the strict allyance which was betwixt them according to the Popes decree there was an interview of this King of Arragon and of Don Fernand king of Castile in the Monasterie of Huerta vpon the confines of Castile where it was accorded that the Infant Don Alphonso whom Don Iames had by Donna Elenor named King of Arragon if he had liued should remaine in the custodie of the Queene his mother to whom for an increase of her dowrie The King of Arragon askâââ pardân of the Pope the towne of Hariza was giuen to enioy it during her life but in case shee should marry againe then should it returne to Arragon These and other things being friendly accorded betwixt the two kings they parted with great loue to make warre against the Moores euery one apart Some haue left in writing that D. Theresa of Bidaure with whom the King D. Iames had had familiar acquaintance before he married the Queene D. Yolant and had children by her sued him vppon a promise of marriage before the Pope where she lost it for want of proofes and D. Yolant was declared his lawfull wife There the Bishop of Girone then the kings Confessor hauing vnderstood by his confession of this matrimoniall promise had reuealed it vnto Pope Innocent the fourth but to what end he did it it is vncertaine but his testimonie alone was not allowed The king beeing wonderfully incensed against the Bishop hauing sent for him into his chamber caused his toung to be cut out For this outrage committed vpon the Bishop notwithstanding that he were faultie hauing reuealed the Kings confession the Pope made great complaints being at the Councell of Lyons and in the end did interdict all the Realme of Arragon and excommunicate the king D. Iames. To free them from this interdiction and to get absolution the king sent the Bishop of Valencia vnto the Pope to carry his excuse and to make an humble petition wherewith the Pope beeing somewhat pacified he yeelded to send two Legates into Arragon with full power Hauing assembled a Synode of Bishops at Lerida they caused the king to come thither who confessed his fault vppon his knees before these Fathers with great submission and teares who gaue him absolution vpon condition that he should cause the Monastery of Bienface neere vnto Tortosa to be built the which hath beene since a Conuent of Chartrous Monkes and to indow it with and hundred and forty pounds of siluer of annuall rent And moreouer that he should endow the hospitall of Saint Vincent of Valencia with foure hundred pounds waight of siluer by the yeare for the nourishment of the poore and that he should giue a Prebendarie to the great Church of Girone for the maintenance of a Masse-priest Then fell he to the loue of this ladie againe and entertayned her during the life of his Queene D. Violant 23 As for the king D. Fernand Castile and Moores he was affronted with the power of king Aben-Hut who was mightie but seeing his forces increased by the succession of the Realmes of Leon which were fallen vnto him he was in hope to effect his desseignes Wherefore he assayled him towards Baeça which he held and went and layed seege to Vbeda a neere towne strong and well fortified yet he prest them in such sort as the Garrison compounded to depart with their liues into the which the king D. Fernand entred the same yeare 1234. in the which his fortunes were seasoned with some bitternesse according to the condition of humane things for he lost the Queene D. Beatrix his wife who died in Toro in the kingdome of Leon her body was carryed to the Monasterie of las Huelgas of Burgos and buried neere vnto the king D. Henry Vpon this subiect the king D. Fernand came into the territories of Leon during his absence the garrisons vppon the fronter tooke certaine Moores Almogaueres for so they call their Mortepaiez of the cittie of Cordoua Cordoua surprised by the Christians and for that they were in quarrell with the Inhabitants thereof they were easily corrupted promising to giue entry to the Christians into the cittie of Cordoua The plot beâing layd and all things disposed accordingly there came a good troupe of Christians in the night with ladders the which they planted vnto the wall neere vnto the tower and Bourg called Axarquia where by the helpe and fauor of those Moores whom they had wonne Aluaro Colodro and Benoist of Bagnos entred first beeing well followed by their companions without any discouerie of them of the towne who slept without feare or apprehension vntill the morning when as they saw the Christians had seazed vpon the tower and there did fortifie themselues attending succors from Don Aluar Perez whom they had sent vnto beeing at Martos vppon their entry and as men expecting some great resistance they had also sent to aduertise the King Don Fernand of their enterprize and happie successe to the end he should approch neere to fauour them The Moores of Cordoua seeing themselues surprized went to armes and beseeged the Christians in this tower where they defended themselues the combate was furious and often renewed euery one doing his best indeauour wherein they spent some dayes yet could they not chase the Christians out of the tower which they had intrenched from the rest of the towne In the meane time the king D. Fernand aduanced with all speed giuing order for the rest of his forces to follow and passing by Extremadura neere vnto Bienguerencia the Gouernor a Moore furnished the kings armie with victuals as it past yet beeing summoned to deliuer the fort vnto the king he made answer that when he had taken Cordoua it should be at his commandement and in the meane time he would keep it Wherefore the king of Castile passed on
and arriuing at Cordoua hee found that D. Aluaro Perez de Castro and other Captaines and souldiers in great numbers were already come to succour his men King Aben Hut beeing aduertised of all these things and of D. Fernands arriuall with small forces although there came great troupes afterwards thought it fit to preuent him if he could or at the least to strike some terror into the Christians and force them to retire from this seege He had in his armie which lay about Eccia a Christian Knight D. Laurence Suarez betrays king Aben Hut who had entertained him in his exile a banished man called D. Laurens Suares Hauing imparted his desseigne vnto him he resolued to send him one night vnto the campe vnder colour of seeking to recouer the kings fauour but it was to espie and to discouer vnto him the true estate of the Christians armie This Knight hauing obtained a pasport came vnto the campe and spake vnto the king doing the contrarie to that which he had in charge for he discouered vnto the King D. Fernand all the Moores desseignes and what forces hee had wherefore beeing assured from the king of his grace and fauour he retired to Aben Hut to whom he concealed what he had seene and vnderstood telling him that the Christians army was much stronger then it was indeed Wherefore king Aben Hut durst not attempt that which he had resolued and thinking that they of Cordoua wold hold good for a time he resolued to employ his forces to succour king Zaen who was prest by the king of Arragon towards Valencia thinking after that he had repulsed the Arragonois to returne fortified with Zaens forces and cause the Christians to retire from before Cordoua Beeing arriued at Almery to imbarke his army a vassall of his whom hee did much esteeme called Aben Arramin inuited him to supper where he so feasted him as beeing drunke he cast him into a great vessell full of water and there drowned him wherupon the army disbanded and D. Laurence Suarez whom king Aben Hut had ledde with him retired to the king of Castile who receiued him graciously notwithstanding that he had betrayed him who had entertayned him during his exile This death of this Moorish king Cordoua yelded 1236. beeing generally knowne especially at Cordoua the beseeged despayred of succors so as they yeelded the cittie vnto the king of Castile the sixt moneth of the seege in the yeare 1236 which was 522. yeares after that it had beene first taken by the Moores The king Don Fernand caused a crosse to be set vppon the tower of the great Mesquide in token of our redemption and neere vnto it the standard of Castile which Mesquide was purified beeing one of the goodliest buildings in Spaine and made the Cathedrall Church D Lope de Hitero first Bishop of Cordoua of the which Don Lope de Hitero of Piçuerga was made bishop The king did indow it with rents and reuenues like the rest and so did the Arch-bishop Don Roderigo in his returne from Rome where he had beene during the seege and was not at the taking thereof of his great griefe but affaires of greater Importance had kept him absent in the meane time Don Iohn Bishop of Osma was his Vice-gerent and Chancelor to the King There the bells of Saint Iames were found which the Alhagib Almançor had taken away in the yeare 975. and placed them in this great Mosqueé making them to serue for lampes which the king Don Fernand caused to be transported to their auncient mansion The affaires of this great cittie which had beene the chiefe of the Moores estate were ordered by the king both for religion ãâã Iustice and for the guard and safety therof with great care Don Tello Alphonso de Mâneses was made Gouernor of the citty and Don Aluar Perez de Castro of the whole fronter The kingdome of Granado BY the losse of Cordoua and the death of king Aben Hut the Moores were wonderfully dismayed and voyd of Councell wherefore they returned to their old course euery one respecting his priuate interest so as the Infidels estate was dismembred into many parts Aben Hudiel among others seazed vpon the Realme of Murcia Zeit and Zaen being yet in warre and contending for the realme of Valencia In the country of Algarbe whereof Niebla was the chiefe citty Aben Iafon raigned who had for his successor Aben Amarin and then another called Aben Mofad Those of Seuile would haue no king but onely a Gouernor Beginning of Granado where one Axataf was in great authoritie and it was he which lost it But aboue all the power of Mahomad Alienalagmar or Aben Alamar was great so called for that he had a red face who from a shepheard hauing followed armes had attained to the chiefe places of honour and was in such credit by reason of his valour force and stature as in these tumults the Inhabitants of Arjona where he was borne chose him for their king and then other people submitted themselues vnder him especially the townes of Iaen Bacça which was ill garded and Guadix and in the end the citty of Granado which he afterwards made his royall seate and the chiefe of all his country and Seigneuries This was the first king of Granado whereas vntill that time there was no kingdome it was erected at such time as Cordoua the chiefe cittie of all the Moores Estate in Spain was made subiect vnto the Christians 25 Whilest that the king Don Fernand is busie at this honorable enterprize of Cordoua and D. Iaime or Iames king of Arragon at that of Valencia which was nothing inferior âauarre Thibaud the new king of Nauarre had meanes of settle his affaires without any difficultie for he found all the Estates of the Kingdome willing to obey him At his reception he did sweare and confirme the liberties and priuiledges of the country the which he did also augment This was the beginning of the second masculine line of the Kings of Nauarre ãâ¦ã the first ending in D. Sancho the which since D. Garcia Ximenes had continued 518. yeares Successions of States and Soueraignties falling to women against all lawe and presidents of well ordered kingdomes in the first ages is the cause that strange and vnknowne Princes of diuers humors come to raigne ouer Nations which sometimes haue succeeded well but very often great troubles and inconueniences haue followed At this time the Nauarrois were not vnfortunate to haue a king of the French nation who was a meanes to augment the power and dignitie of that Crowne by many accessories from France his mother D. Blanche daughter to the king D. Sancho the Wise and sister to the last Sancho was the first which brought the succession of women into Nauarre although she did not raigne beeing dead before the king Don Sancho the Strong her brother D. Pedro Ramires of Pedrola Bishop of Pampelone among others did faithfully maintaine the rights of this
his age hauing raigned foure and thirty yeeres leauing no children the realme of Portugal fel to D. Alphonso his brother without any dispute who was crowned King in the city of Lisbone in the yeere 1257. and being married to two wiues hauing no lawfull cause of diuorce from the first he was the cause of many troubles and miseries to the realme of Portugal for the preuenting whereof he had beene called He had children by the Countesse Mahault Fernand who accompanied his mother into Portugal and there remained and Robert who succeeded his mother in the county of Bologne Fernand whom some call Peter lies in the Monastery of Saint Dominike of Lisbone which this King built The Countesse his mother led him with her when as being aduertised of this second marriage she came into Portugal to know the cause why she was thus abandoned She landed at Cascais a sea towne at the mouth of the riuer of Tayo fiue leagues from Lisbone and from thence sent to intreat exhort and to summon the King her husband of his duty for want whereof she made the protestations ordayned by the Canons in that cause but she could haue no other reason nor answere from the King but if it were lawful to breake the lawes it was for a kingdome and that if he thought to augment his dominions by marrying againe he would euery day take a new wife These were the fruits of her voyage and D. Alphonso shewed himselfe so rigorous vnto her as hee would not vouchsafe to see her nor to heare any councel that was giuen hm by his seruants who had a regard to Iustice feared God more then him wherefore this poore Countesse returned and left this sonne in Portugal being in France she made her complaints of the disloyalty of her husband to the King Saint Lewis and sent some to doe the like to Pope Alexander the fourth that by his Ecclesiastical censures D. Alphonso might be forced to leaue D. Beatrix and take the Countesse his lawful wife againe The Pope did what he could exhorting commanding yea and excommunicating the King and interdicting his realme but D. Alphonso was so obstinate as he suffred the realme of Portugal to remaine interdict ten or twelue yeeres Contumacy of D. Alphonso King of Portugal as long as the Countesse liued During the which time the Portugals had leisure to forget that which they had learned in religion when as the King finding himselfe free he was absolued by Pope Clement the fourth retayning D. Beatrix without any let who in the meane time brought him foure children the Infant D. Denis so called for that hee was borne on Saint Denis day in the yeare 1261. who was king of Portugal and Algarbe the Infant D. Alphonso who was Lord of Portalegre Genealogie of Portugal Ronches Murban Castile de Vide and other lands and had to wife D. Violant daughter to D. Manuel of Castile sonne to D. Fernand the third and two daughters D. Blancho who was a Nunne in the Monasterie of Lorban and afterwards Abbesse of Saint Mary de las Huelgas of Burgos and D. Constance Besides these lawfull children this king D. Alphonso had one bastard sonne called Fernand Alphonso of Portugall and one daughter whose name was D. Leonora of Portugall married to an Earle called D. Gonçalo Whilest he stood excommunicated he made warre against the Moores which remained in Algarbe in the yeare 1260. 1260. and chased them out of Faro Laule Algezir and Albofera and augmented his dominions therewith Hee built the towne of Castro of Portalegre and Extremos Religious houses built by D. Alphonso during the Interdict he repayred Veja and other places which had beene ruined by the Moores He did not leaue to build Monasteries and religious houses during the Interdiction for he finished that of the preaching Friars of Saint Dominicke at Lisbone and did build that of Saint Clara of Saint Iren and others he gaue great almes and did many charitable deeds to expiate the sinne which he intended by the taking of a second wife not beeing separated from the first Moreouer to ease the people and to haue greater store of fruites in the country he caused certaine barren and waste ground to bee tilled neither did he forget to maintaine Iustice punishing theeues and malefactours whome his brothers carelesnesse had made insolent To conclude although he were defectiue and blemished in his marriages yet was hee a profitable Prince for his country Whilest these things passed in Portugall Castile and that the warre continued in Germany against the fauourers of Richard elect king of the Romanes D. Alphonso king of Castile sent an Ambassage of certaine Cleargi-men to Pope Alexander the fourth the which were D. Dominicke bishop of Auila D. Garcia bishop of Sylues and Iohn Alphonso Archdeacon of the church of Saint Iames learned men and of great authoritie who demanded assignation of the time of his Coronation and also to contradict the election of Richard who did not care to prosecute his right by iustice but by force and armes Attending the euent of these troubles and the returne of his Ambassadours D. Alphonso king of Castile ordered some things touching the policie of his Realm he decryed those sorts of money which he had coyned called Bourgalois and caused others to be made which they called blacke pence and in old Spanish Prietos fifteene of which were worth a Marauidis of gold and he made other lawes which were profitable to the Common-weale Whilest he was busie about these things and irresolute of his voyage into Germany hee had another crosse which stayed him more for his brother D. Henry a turbulent Prince and an enemy to all quiet committed many insolencies at Lebrixa where he did remain tending to open rebellion wherefore he sent D. Nugno de Lara from Seuile to suppresse him by whom he was vanquished and forced to fly to Valencia from whence the king Don Iaime caused him to dislodge for that he would not discontent his sonne in lawe wherupon he past into Affrick to the King of Tunes This Prince foure yeares after crost into Italy and was made Senator of Rome which is the chiefe dignity of that citty and grew to haue great authority and credit in the estate of Italy in the time of Pope Clement the fourth who was successor to Vrbain the fourth 8 The king of Nauarre Nauarre who was come into France finding his affaires in great disorder sought to settle them to maintain his rights in the Counties of Brie and Champagne beeing in controuersie the which he preserued by the fauour and authority of the King Saint Lewis and moreouer a marriage was made betwixt him and Isabel of France the kings daughter at Melun whom he led into Nauarre D. Iame king of Arragon was the mediator of this marriage who in a manner at the same time gaue his daughter Izabel in marriage to Philip the Hardy sonne to the king Saint Lewis
Bishop of Sabina and Apostolike Legat in Italy the Romaine Sea beeing then resident in Auignon During which dignity he did many things for the good of the church and amongst other monuments and testimonies which remaine of him at this day there is the Colledge of Saint Clement in the city of Bolonia the which they commonly call the Colledge of Spaine the which was built by the executors of this Prelat who did so appoint it Colledge of Clement at Bolonia It hath aboue three thousand ducats of rent with the which there are thirty students entertained whereof twenty be Lawiers six Diuins and foure Phisitions besides foure Chaplains al Spaniards except one who may be a Portugal The Rector of this Colledge hath ciuil and criminal iurisdiction and is not subiect to the Legat nor to any other Magistrat of the city the Colledge enioying as ample preuiledges as any knights or gentlemen there About the end of the yeere 1337. was founded the towne of Algria of Dulanci two Leagues from Victoria in the Prouince of Alaua of many villages there about the which obtained from the King the preuiledges and lawes of the Realme whereby the Inhabitants should gouerne themselues and market euery Monday with liberty to choose their owne Iudges In the yeere of our Lord 1338. D. Pedro King of Arragon married D. Maria second daughter to King Philip Arragon and to Queene Iean of Nauar in the towne of Alagon the Bishop of Chaalons doing the ceremony An. 1338. hauing accompanied the Queen-mother to the Bride who came alone to this marriage without her husband Philip being ingaged in those cruel and bloudy warres betwixt the French and English contending for the crowne of France Pope Benedict the eleuenth Marriage betwixt D. Pedro King of Arragon and D. Mary the yonger of Nauar. then raigning dispensed with the married couple for the bond of consanguinity which was betwixt them at the request of Philip of Valois the French King from Alagon the new Quene was conducted to Sarragossa whereas the feast and pompe was ended for the which they had prepared long before in that cittie beeing chosen for the celebration of this marriage but the indisposition of D. Ieane Queene of Nauarre was the cause that they were married at Alagon 19 The newes of a truce betwixt the Kings of Castille and Portugal Moores beeing vnderstood at Granado and from thence sent to Maroc at such time as King Albohaçen had surmounted all warres and difficulties in Affrike these Moorish Kings had a desire to fill Spaine with fire and murther beeing thrust on by two contrary passions the one of feare to be first set vpon by the King of Castille who was now freed from his intestine wars the other of hope that their armes should be as successful against the Christians of Europe as they had beene against the babarous Affricans for King Albohaçen hauing not long before called troupes out of Spaine which had followed Abomelic his soone lying then idle on this side the seas whereas al was quiet and beeing assisted by the forces of Granado sent into Affrike by King Ioseph hee had lately depriued Botexesin who raigned in Tremessen both of Kingdome and life and had vnited vnto his crowne the Realme of Sojumenca so as beeing growne as haughty in courage as powerful in Siegneuries and subiects he had no lesse conceptions then to restore the ancient glorie of the Miralmumins his Predecessors in Spaine and wholy to expell the Christians Besides the respect of religion did much incourage him holding it not onely honourable Expedition of Moores into Spaine but also conscientious to aduance Mahumets sect by armes according to his Doctrine wherefore hauing by the aduice of his Alfaquins and Alcaides concluded this warre hee beganne to giue order that his troupes should march towards the Straight and passe by little and little to Algezire and other places of Granado making a Magazin for victuals armes engins and other munition for the warre at Tanger where of the Christian Princes were presently aduertised by their Gouernors of sorts vpon that frontier and of King Abomelics passage and returne into Spaine and of the preparations which both he and Ioseph King of Grando made infallible arguments that they would soone make open warres as it happened in the beginning of the yeere 1338. D. Alphonso King of Castile seeing this burthen ready to fall vpon him fore cast all meanes how to beare it hee made Orders and taxes vpon victuals and cut off the Spaniards superfluities in apparels and other pompes hee sent his sea-army into the Straights to stop the Moores passage hee obtained from Pope Benedict pardons and Indulgences for all those that should contribute to this warre hee assigned places for the souldiers Rendezvous hee leauied footmen artisans and pioners and in generall hee prouided for all things which hee thought necessarie for the warres but aboue all hee pacefied the troubles growne betwixt D. Pedro King of Arragon and Donna Leonora his Mother in law In all which businesses the Archbishop of Rheims Ambassador for France in Castile laboured with great affection and to the end there should bee nothing defectiue for the wel gouerning of the common weale the Prelats and Masters of the Orders made diligent search among them that were their suffragans and dependants so as D. Ruis Peres Maister of the Order of Alcantara was deposed by D. Iohn Nugnes master of Calatraua who had iurisdiction ouer him and power to doe it Yet amidest al these Cares the King did not forget the loue of D. Leonora of Guzman whose brother called Don Alphonso Melendez of Guzman was by him made maister of the Order of the holy knights of Saints Iames. An. 1339. The yeere 1339. beeing come hee went towards Seuile where was the Rendezvous for all his troupes both horse and foote so as hauing in few daies gathered together a great and well ordred army hee entred the territories of Antequera Archidona the which he spoiled running vp to Ronda froÌ whence he was forced to retire to Seuile for want of victuals where he spent the rest of the spring to distribute the forts places vpon the frontiers vnto captaines making D. Gonzales Nugno or as others say Martinez Miaster of Alcantara newely elect Gouernor and his Lieutenant generall there and hee himselfe came to Madrid The Moores incensed at this entry which the Christian army had made into their country went to field by two seueral waies the Infant Abomelic who had great numbers of light horse by Medina Sidonia whose teritory he spoiled and Ioseph King of Granado entred by Silos which place belnging vnto the knights of Saints Iames and well manned hee beseeged and battred furiously but it was not onely brauely defended by the garrison but their campe was assaulted by the Castillan army Moores raised from the siege of Silos and they forced to dislodge by D. Alphonso Melendez de Guzman who was the
of the two Princes of Castile brethren Portugal we doe not read that D. Pedro king of Portugal tooke part with either of them He died in the yeere 1367. the seuen and forty of his aââ hauing raigned almost eleuen yeere To which Realme succeeded D. Fernand his sonne being at his coronation sixe and twentie yeere old and some monthes in whom the direct and lawfull line of D. Henry of Besançon or of Lorraine failed as shal appeere He was present in the towne of Estremos when as his father died and was there acknowledged and proclaimed King taking an oth from such of his subiects as were then present D. Pedro King of Arragon Arragon hearing the successe of Henries victory began to feare him sending Francis of Perillos and Iames Elfaro Ambassadors into France who procured an offenciue and defenciue league the French King promising to aide him of Arragon in his warres of Sardyina yea and against D. Henry if hee did not referre vnto him the question for the realme of Murcia and other lands promised as hee had informed him And for that the warres betwixt the French and English were reuiued Francis of Perillos being held the best captaine at sea in his time was granted vnto the French king who entertained him notwithstanding that the King of Arragon his maister had great need of him for the warres of Sardynia the which was continually entertained by Marian Iudge of Arborea who this yeere had taken many places from the Arragonois and defeated in a sallie which he made being deseeged in the castle of Oristagno the army of Arragon commanded by D. Pedro of Luna and his sonne the which did so disquiet the King as he resolued to go thether in person but new affaires hindred him for he was inuaded from the county of Rossillon by some Frenchmen who notwithstanding were but vagabond troupes running vp and downe the country without warrant and he was also kept backe by the controuersies which he had with the new King of Castille wherefore he sent D. Berenger of Carrozo Earle of Quirra thether with an army yet giuing it still out that he should goe thether himselfe keeping the Standard royal displaied on the top of the castle of Barcelona after the accustomed manner in signe that the King would goe to the warre the which kept these seditious people somewhat in awe Hee caused an Edict to bee published by the which hee granted respight to all that were indebted and repeale for banished men that were of Sardynia Being come to valence he made his sonne D. Martin Seneshall of Cattelogne who commanded ouer all armes vniting vnto that dignity that of the Constable of the realme as well on this side as beyond the seas and then it was decreed that from that time the children of the Kings of Princes of Arragon should be called to that degree The end of the fifteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE SIXTEENTH BOOKE of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 DOn Henry the second of that name the 15. King of Castile and 36. of Leon. The continuation of his conquest of the Realme of Castile and the contentions betwixt the Castillans Portugals Nauarrois and Moores 2 Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal 3 Parliament at Toro and the lawes made there 4 Contention betwixt the Kings of Castile and Nauarre their agreement Bad offices of Charles King of Nauarre to the King of Castile in fauour of the English against the French and the constancy and fidelity of D. Henry the new King 5 Vnfitting and vnlawful marriage of D. Fernand King of Portugal with D. Leonora Telles of Meneses and the tumults which ensued 6 Warre renued betwixt Castile and Portugal 7 Order of Monkes of Saint Ierosme in Spaine 8 Preparatiues for warre made by Iohn duke of Lancaster pretending the Realme of Castile against D. Henry 9 Treaty of peace betwixt Castile and Arragon 10 Affaires of Nauarre death of D. Roderigo of Vrriz 11 Cession of the rights of Rossillon and Cerdagne to the house of Aniou 12 Trauels of the King of Nauarre detention of the Prince his sonne in France Rash enterprises of the King of Nauarre against him of Castile warre betwixt these potentats 13 Schisme in the Church of Rome 14 Death of D. Henry King of Castile and some testamentary lawes made by him 15 D. Iohn first of that name the 16. King of Castile and 37. of Leon. 16 Treaties of marriages ill mannaged and donations betwixt the Kings of Castile and Portugall 17 Practises of D. Leonora Telles of Meneses Queene of Portugal against the Nobility and the troubles and calamities which followed 18 The King of Castile acknowledgeth in the Schisme of the Romaine Church the Pope of Auignon 19 Warre betwixt Castile and Portugal procured by the Earle of Oren pacified a marriage betwixt D. Iohn King of Castile and D. Beatrix Infanta of Portugal 20 Rebellion of the Earle of Gijon 21 Regency of D. Leonora Telles of Meneses in Portugal pursute of Don Iohn King of Castile of the Realme of Portugal in the hereditary right of D. Beatrix his wife D. Iohn Maister of Aâiz called to the Gouernment and the exploits of warre betwixt the Castillans and Portugals 22 Bad deseignes of Charles King of Nauarre to free his sonne beeing prisoner in France his liberty by the bounty of the princes of France 23 Continuance of the war of Portugal Election of D. Iohn Maister of Auiz to the crowne of Portugal battaile of Aljubarote and defeat of the Castillans In this sixteenth Booke mention is made of the Kings 15 D. Henry of Castile 16 D. Iohn his sonne 36 of Leon second of that name 37 of Leon first of that name D. Henry called de la Merced the fifteenth King of Castile and sixe and thirty of Leon. AFter the death of the King D. Pedro the Realmes of Castile and Leon Castile remained to D. Henry without any great difficulty He got by his virtue and mildnesse what his brother had lost by his pride and cruelty Hee was a friend to the vertuous nobly minded bountifull D. Henry surnamed the Gratious valiant and strong of his person although he were but of a small stature He was surnamed the liberall or gratious by reason of the bounty he shewed to them that had serued him The greatnesse and good fortune of this King was suspected vnto the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon who made a league this yeere restoring one vnto an other certaine townes and castles that is Arragon deliuered to Nauarre Herrera of Moncayo and Nauarre to Arragon Saluaterra and Real they pacefied the controuersies which were betwixt them of Sanguessa and Real by a definitiue sentence of Merins and Gouernors of Tudelo and Saragossa Queene Ieanne gouerning the realme of Nauarre and dealing in all these affaires in the absence of King Charles her husband who was gone into France vpon the reuiuing of the warre betwixt the French and English that same yeere
Don Charles who was in France who beeing some-what peacefied by the French King made a peace with him which continued about fiue yeeres by reason whereof hee prepared himselfe to returne into Nauarre in the end of the yeere of our Lord 1372. An. 1372. Attending whose returne the Queene his wife beeing sollicited for the townes of Victoria Saluaterra of Alaua and others which had yeelded themselues to the King of Nauarre could finde no better expedient to content the King Don Henry then to consent that Pope Gregorie the eleuenth who had newly succeeded Vrbaine the fifth should bee Iudge of this difference and that vntill hee had sent a Cardinall with sufficient authority to determine the townes should remaine in the hands of D. Iohn Ramires of Areilan a Knight of great vertue and esteeme who should keepe them in deposito in the Popes name This the Queene yeelded vnto to the end the Realme might be in quiet at her husbands returne but notwithstanding this accord the King Don Henry sought to get these places by force so as Saluaterra of Alaua and Saint Croix were reduced vnder his obedience but Victoria and Logrogno remained in the custody of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan King Charles complained to Pope Gregory the eleuenth at Auignon of this excesse done by the King D. Henry then he came with all speed into his Realme of Nauarre to defend it against the army of the King D. Henry who threatned to enter into his country if hee did not restore him the townes of Logrogno and Victoria King Charles gaue him to vnderstand that seeing it had beene agreed to put their controuersies to compromise to the Pope who had sent a Legat into Spaine which was Cardinal Guy of Bologno Bishop of Portuense that for his part hee was well content hee should determine thereof the which the King D. Henry did also yeeld vnto wherefore the Legat being come to Saint Dominike and hauing beene made acquainted with the rights and pretensions of both Kings hee made a peace betwixt them vpon these conditions ãâ¦ã That the the townes of Logrogno and Victoria should be restored to the King of Castille That the Infant D. Charles eldest sonne to the King of Nauarre should take to wife Donna Leonora Infanta of Castille daughter to D. Henry with a dowry of a hundred thousand doublons at the celebration of the marriage and moreouer besides the said summe King Henry should pay at the same time twenty thousand doublons to the King of Nauarre for his charges during the time he had held the sayd places That for assurance of the accomplishment of this marriage the Infant D. Pedro the younger sonne of Nauarre should remaine in hostage in Castile in the hands of the Queene D. Ieanne vntill that the Infant D. Charles should bee of sufficient age These things thus determined the two Kings met at Briona where they did confirme what had beene formerly concluded being come into Nauarre hee presently sent his sonne D. Charles to bee made sure to the Infanta D. Leonora who came to Briona well accompanied by the chiefest Noblemen of Nauarre where this ceremony was done with great pompe the townes of Victoria and Logrogno were restored and after the returne of the Infant D. Charles D. Pedro his brother was sent vnto the Queene of Castile to remaine there in hostage according to the accord The King of Nauarre hauing giuen order for this businesse hee examined their actions which had gouerned his Realme during his absence and hauing found that some faults had beene committed by the Bishop of Pampelone and the Deane of Tudelo whoâ he had left for councellors to the Queene his wife they fearing to bee punished absented themselues The Bishop tooke his way to Rome where hee arriued safely and there ended the remainder of his daies but as for the Deane who sought to saue himself in Castile he was pursued and taken nere vnto Logrogno and there slaine by the Kings commandment Soone after Queen Iean returned into France where she liued not long 4 About the end of this yeere 1373. the King D. Charles and his eldest sonne came to Madrid to see the King D. Henry whom the King of Nauarre let vnderstand that to auoide a great trouble in his affaires The King of Nauar seekes to draw the King of Caâtile from the frienâship of France to ioyne with the English which might grow by the meanes of Edward King of England and Edward Prince of Wales his sonne he should imbrace their friendship the which he had charge to offer him vpon conditioÌ he should breake the league he had with the French king their enemy in regard whereof they promised to giue no aide vnto the daughters of the deceased King D. Pedro who were in England making great sute vnto King Edward and to the Prince of Wales to restore them to their father Inheritance and moreouer that Iohn Duke of Lancaster had married D. Constance the one of them by reason whereof he pretended the Realme of Castile to belong vnto him as holding the place of the eldest being declared lawful and receiued in that quality by the Estates of the realme her sister D. Beatrix being dead Al which pretensions should bee relinquished by the English if he left the alliance of France paied a certaine sum of money vnto the Prince of Wales the which the D. Pedro his brother did owe him The King of Nauarre propounded these things as hauing charge from the English Princes who were enemies to France whose party he had alwaies held for the wrongs which hee pretended had beene done him by the French King his brother in law giuing many reasons to induce the King D. Henry to incline to this party but hee who held not the crowne of Castile of any other after God but of the French would not shew himselfe vnthankfull but answered resolutely that he would neuer quit the friendship of France but if the question were to disburse money to content the English thaâ he was well content to do it Don Henry K. of Castile persists in the amity of France the which the King of Nauarre fayd was not sufficient and that he must of necessitie breake the League he had with France but if he held it not fit to do hee intreated him not to take in ill part what he had sayd vnto him seeing he had it in charge from the King of England to whom he was bound to do all good offices The king Don Henry thanked him for the paines he had taken to come so farre into Castile saying that he could not take that ill which he had spoken but for his part he wold persist in his first resolution so as the King of Nauarre returned into his Realme and the king Don Henry into Andalusia The king of Nauarre aduertised the English Princes of the answer he had receiued the which did much discontent them for the king of Castile did
by him should goe vnto the eldest Clause in the King D. Henries will touching fees which they call Maioâazgos the which is called in Spaine Majorazgos the which they haue interpreted as if no collateral heire might inherit them according to the which in such controuersies many decrees haue beene made in the Chancery and the Kings councell anexing such lands vnto the crowne D. Alphonso bishop of Carthagena saith that this King died of the goute making no mention of any poison whereof it may be this author was ignorant Being neere his end he desired to be attired in the habit of Saint Dominike and to die in it He raigned tenne yeeres and two monthes and was six and forty yeeres old If this King of Granado practised his death Granado he did not long enioy this content for the same yeere 1379. the same Mahumet called the old and old in effect died the nine and twentith yeere of his raigne and 762. of the Arabians D. Iohn first of that name the sixteenth King of Castile and seuen and thirtith of Leon. THe happinesse which did accompany the King D. Henry the second father to Don Iohn An. 1379. Castile did not continue in his posterity for God to let men vnderstand that it is hee which doth raise and pul downe at his pleasure hauing from nothing aduanced D. Henry to the Scepter of Leon and Castile and confounded the forces of that Realme allied to the English and Moores he did in a manner ouerthrow this greatnesse in his sonnes time by the forces of the petty Estate of Portugal to the which he aduanced a bastard without any humaine support notwithstanding that the armes of France were ioyned with the forces of Castile as shall appeere by the discourse of the History By such examples the mighty are admonished not to trust in their forces and the weake not to despaire especially if he be vniustly pursued D. Iohn who succeeded his father D. Henry descended by the mothers side from the Infant D. Genealogie of Castile Fernand de la Cerde eldest sonne to Don Alphonso the Philosopher for of Don Fernand came D. Alphonso and D. Fernand Of the younger D. Fernand and of D. Ieanne of Lara his wife issued D. Blânoh who was married to D. Iohn Manuel who had had to his first wife a Countesse of Sauoy sonne to D. Manuel brother to D. Alphonso the Philosopher of which marriage was borne D. Ieanne Manuel Queene of Castile wife to the King D. Henry and mother to this King D. Iohn the first of that name who was two and twenty yeeres old or there abouts Disposition of Kign Iohn when he began to raigne a Prince of a good disposition and religious according to the time but vnfound of his body and vnfortunate in warre He was clowned after the example of his Predecessors in Burgos in the Monastery of Saincta Maria de las Huelgas where to solemnize his coronation did arme aboue a hundred Knights which were of Noble families and gaue many guifts and preuiledges to commonalties and to priuat persons to make his first entrance more remarkable and pleasing He gaue vnto the city of Burgos the towne of Pancoruo in Bureua he caused Villa-Real of Saint Nicholas of Orio in Guipusdoa to bee walled in giuing in the preuiledges of Saint Sebastian with many others When he was Infant beeing in possession of the Siegneury of Biscay hee vnited it for euer vnto the crowne at his comming to it He remembred his fathers charge to entertaine a strict league of friendship with the house and crowne of France the which hee sent to confirme by his Ambassadors And hauing sent his gallies this yeere of our Lord 1379. in fauour of the French commanded by D. Fernand Sanches of Touar they tooke from Iohn of Montfort duke of Brittan the castle of Roche Gaze at Cap de Late for that hee held the English party by a decree of the court of parliament at Paris and his Dutchy with all his goods declared forfeited to the King vntill that time the Iewes dwelling in Spaine had the preuiledge to take knowledge of crimes committed by them of their sect but this yeere a lew called Ioseph Pich dwelling at Seuile hauing beene slaine in the Iewes place at Burgos being a man of great reputation for his wealth and the seruices which hee had done vnto the deceased King D. Henry as treasurer generall the new King tooke from them this prerogatiue and forbad them to deale in any crime where there was murther cutting off any Limbe or effusion of bloud In the beginning of his raigne God gaue him a sonne by his wife D. Leonora of Arragon who succeeded him As soone as the Infant was borne D. Fernand King of Portugal who had in the yeere 1378. made his daughter D. Beatrix sure vnto D. Frederike duke of Benauent Portugal base sonne to the deceased King Henry of Castile by D. Leonora Ponce repented himselfe and sent vnto the King D. Iohn intreating him to consent vnto a marriage betwixt his sonne newly borne and his daughter D. Beatrix with certaine conditions which did nothing displease King Iohn so as this other marriage was accorded betwixt them which proued the fire-band of future warre betwixt Castile and Portugal for among other conditions these two princes made a mutuall donation of their Realmes vnto the suruiuor in case they died without lawfull heires of their bodies the which was concluded and sworne in the yeere of our Lord 1380. but it was not executed An. 1380. for God had otherwise decreed This Infanta D. Beatrix was daughter to D. Leonora Telles of Meneses of whose vnsortable marriage we haue before treated and whose proceedings were as vnreasonable for this woman being exceeding faire and prouided of armes fit to sway a disposition that was faint and weake Art of D. Leonora Telles of Meneses could make such vse of her alurements as she kept the King her husband alwaies subiect and a slaue to her affections so as hee refused nto any thing that was pleasing vnto her forgetting often his ranke and royall dignity All which had disliked of her marriage or had in any sort displeased her were by her practises pursued chased away or vtterly ruined her friends and kinsmen were aduanced to the greatest honours and dignities of the Realme and as she was cunning in all her actions so she could finde meanes to reconcile vnto her those who through their greatnesse wealth or alliance within the Realme seemed hard to ruine binding them vnto her by her bounty and fauours making them of enemies to become her friends Shee gaue the gouernment of the castle of Lisbon to her vncle D. Iohn Alphonso Tello Earle of Barcelos Lord Steward of the Kings house She also aduanced a brother of his called Don Iohn Alphonso Telles to be Admirall of the Realme an other brother called D. Gonçalo Telles was at her request made Earle of Neyua
to aide you to keepe maintaine and defend the lawes and customes with all our power After this manner did the deputies for the cities and townes sweare euery one according to the rights lawes customes preuiledges freedomes and liberties which they did enioy This oth beeing taken of either side except by the Clergy who sweare not the King retired himselfe into Saint Stephens chappell of the same church where he put off his roabes and tooke one of white taffity Vnction fo the King of Nauarre which was vsuall in such ceremonies and then was brought backe by the Bishops of Tarrasone and of Dax to the great chappel where as all things necessary were prepared for this vnction The King being there enuironed by the Bishops he was annointed with oyle by the Bishop of Pampelone with the praiers and suffrages vsuall in such actions and the King hauing instantly put off that white roabe he was richly attired in other royall habits and so approched neere vnto the high altar where there was a sword the royal crowne glistring with pretious stones and the royall Scepter hee put on the sword and then drew it forth holding it vp on high in signe of Iustice and then sheathed it againe then hee tooke the crowne and set it on his head and last of all hee tooke the scepter in his hand and in the meane time the prelats continued their prayers These things beeing done the King mounted vpon a target on the which were painted the armes of Nauarre King of Nauar carried vpon a traget the which was borne by the Deputies of the Nobility and them of the city of Pampelone and the three quarters thereof Bourg Peuplement and Bauarre as well in the name of the said city as of other cities and townes of the realme as it had beene appointed by the King wherevpon publike protestation was made by the Deputies of Estella Tudela Sanguessa Olite and other townes which could not set to their hands to support this target on the which the King was that it was without preiudice at that time or hereafter to their commonalties Thus the King was raised vp by the deputies who cried out thrice Real Real Real The King beeing thus carried after the manner of the ancient French hee cast money vnto the people which done hee was taken from thence by the Cardinall Don Pedro of Luna the Popes Legat who assisted at this ceremonie and by the Bishops of Pampelone and Tarrasone and led to a royall throne in great state the prelats and other Clergy men continuing still in their praiers and ending with a Te Deum These things thus performed the Kings Attorney General called Garcia of Leach in the Kings name the Bishop of Pampelone for himselfe and all the Clergy of the realme with the Deputies of the Nobility townes and commonalties demaunded an act of Peter of Godeille Apostolike Notary of Peter of Iauariz Clarke and Apostolike Notary for the Diocese of Pampelone and of Iohn of Ceilludo Notary and Secretary to the King the which was formally done For the last act of this follemnity masse was sung by the Bishop of Pampelone whereas the King according to the custome of his predecessors offred scarlet gold and siluer This coronation was the fourth yeere of this Princes reigne in February in the yeere 1390. and to make more particular relation of men of quality which were at this assembly deputed for the Estates or otherwise First of all there was D. Pedro of Luna Cardinal Men of account at the King of Nauarres coronation of the title of Santa Maria in Cosmedin Legat a Latere in Spaine to Pope Clement residing in Auignon Don Martin Salua Bishop of Pampelone D. Iohn of Calaorra and Calçado D. Pedro of Tarrassone Don Fernand of Vic of Ossona D. Pedro of Ampurias D. Iohn of Dax D. Garcia of Eugni of Bayone Confessor to the King all Bishops Moreouer the Abbot of Irache the Deane of the Collegiall church of Tudelo the Abbots of the Monasteries of Saint Saluator of Leyra Oliuia Yrançu Hitero and Saint Saluator of Vrax the Prior of the Order of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem the dignities Chanoins and Clergy of the church of Pampelone for the Estate of the Clergy For the Nobilitie and millitary Order were Don Lionell of Nauarre the Kings base brother D. Arnaud Raymond Lord of Grammont D. Arnând Sanches Lord of Luse D. Pedro Lord of Laxaga D. Martin Henriques of Lacarra Marshal of the realme D. Ramir of Areillan D. Martin Lord of Mearçan and of Saint Iulian D. Iohn of Vcara D. Fernand of Ayanc D. Martin of Ayuar D. Bertrand of Lacarra D. Aluar Diaz of Medrano D. Ximen Garcia Vicont of Baigner D. Pedro Sanches of Corella D. Pedro Ynigues of Vxue D. Martin of Artieda D. Pedro Arnaud of Garro D. Iohn Gaston of Vrroz D. Garcia Ramires of Asiayn D. Iohn of Bern the young Don Pedro Sanches of Licaraçu D. Iohn Rodrigues of Ayuar D. Raymond of Esperça and Don Pedro of Ayanc these were accompanied with many other Noblemen and Gentlemen as it was fit for the Maiesty of such an act The were also the Deputies of the commonalties and good townes of the realme of Pampelone Bourg Peuplement and Nauarriere which were thre quarters or countries of the city euery one hauing a seuerall Iudge the which kept them long in diuision and bred lamentable mutinies and seditions but this King by wise councel reduced them all into one body and supprest the cause to the good and quiet of the Inhabitants Moreouer there were present the Deputies of Estella Tudela Sanguessa Olite Puent la Reyna Arcos which at this day belongs to Castile Viana Garde which is also of Castile of Saint Vincent of Saint Iohn of Pie de Port of Montreal Ronceuaux Lumber Willafranca of Aguilar of Bernedo at this day vnited to the crowne of Castile and of Lans Besides these deputies there were many Barons Knights and others of quality of Castile France and England which did honour this coronation with the Ambassadors of forraine Christian princes Namely Iohn Vicont of Fussensaguet Raymond of Beruat Lord of Castlenau D. Alphonso of Luna Archdeacon of Girone Doctor Iohn Fernandes of Arana D. Diego Lopes of Estunina high Treasorer Diego Lopes of Lagran Steward to the King of Castile Francis of Pau of Arragon Sicart of Montagu Bernard of Rostaing a Basque These with many others were witnesses of all that past at this ceremony as appeeres by the acts and writings which are in the chamber of accounts of that realme In Iuly following the quire of the church fell where these things were celebrated for the re-edefying whereof the King and others did contribute very much The death of D. Iohn King of Castile fell out then vnfortunatly for the King of Nauarre for besides that hee loued him and was beloued of him like a brother hee was a fit instrument to tame the wilfulnesse of the Queene Donna Leonara
demanding from the king a confirmation of their auncient liberties rights and priuiledges the which he granted Moreouer Demands made by them of Biscay to the king of Castile they desired to bee freed from all royall Prerogatiues which had beene imposed in that Prouince since the death of King Iohn and that he should confirme the new societies erected among them for the punishment of malefactors and hee did also grant the combate as it was vsed among Gentlemen in Castile of all which things he granted then full power with the aduice of his Councell There the King was receiued for the Lord of Biscay where hauing kissed his hands he was led to the church in the towne of Larrabeçua where according to the custome of his Predecessors Lords of Biscay hee tooke an oath vpon the altar to maintaine the rights of the countrie Beeing afterwards come to Guernica some Biscayens presented a petition vnto him to haue all crimes which had beene committed in the country since the death of King Iohn pardoned from the which hee was disswaded by the Noblemen of his Councell that loued iustice to auoyd the pernicious consequence thereof Hee did also sweare at Berneo in Saint Eufemia's church to maintaine the freedomes and liberties of that Town but not so amply as they desired Beeing returned to Guernica after much disputation touching the combate which some demanded and others denyed he granted it by pluralitie of voyces and then was this manner of challenge brought into Biscay the King beeing set vnder a tree in the vsuall place and after the accustomed manner Then hee returned by Durango and Victoria to Burgos and from thence to Madrid where the Estates assembled This yeare some Biscayns and Guipuscoans armed certaine shippes at Seuile at their owne cost and charge Discouery of the Canaries to seeke their fortunes at sea and came to one of the Ilands of the Canaries called Lançarote where beeing landed they made prey of all hey found against whome the Ilanders with their King gathered together and came to encounter them but the Biscayns had the vpper hand they slue many of their enemeies and caried away an hundred and seuenty prisoners with the King and Queene of the Iland hauing well obserued these Ilands with the number greatnesse and sytuation they returned into Spaine with great store of hydes wax and other things whereof those Ilands abound The king D. Henry was very ioyfull of this exploit and from that time challenged a right of propriety in the Ilands of the Canaries which they hold to be the ancient fortunat Ilands whereof he afterwards gaue the conquest to a French Gentleman called Iohn of Betancourt reseruing the fealty and homage thereof vnto his Soueraigntie In the assembly of the Estates held at Madrid the Kings majoritie was confirmed who also did auow whatsoeuer his Gouernors had done The necessities propounded for the payment of great yearely summes King of Castils maiority approued by the Estates as well for the treaties of peace payment of souldiers ordinarie pensions giuen to the Princes and Noblemen of the Realme as also for the entertaynment of the Kings house the Estates made a free offer of a contribution yet they besought him to cut off his superfluous gifts and pensions and to cause the militarie orders to be obserued for of 4000. Lances which were in pay it was manifest there were not 2000. They let him vnderstand that the reuenues of the Crowne beeing well husbanded were great and sufficient for all expences They moreouer besought him to dispose of his affaires by the aduice of men of iudgement and experienced in the gouernment of the Realme The king thanked them for their good aduice promising to order all things according to right and equity And for proofe he cut off many pensions and reuoked the offices and gifts for life out of the reuenues and other things ordained and assigned by his Gouernors especially to D. Leonora his Aunt Queene of Nauar notwithstanding that some were confirmed by the meanes of his fauorites He gaue to the Duke of Benauent a pension of an 150000. marauidis onely he disanulled all leagues associations and homages done by reason of the precedent troubles and caused an absolution to be published by the Legate with Apostolicke authoritie of all oathes which had beene formerly taken in that regard During this assembly the marriage of the Infant D. Fernand the kings brother and of D. Leonora Countesse of Albuquerque which had beene kept secret vntill that time was published and a present promise made and then they began to call her Infanta she was cousin one degree aboue her husband for D. Sancho her father and the king D. Henry the second Grandfather to this D. Fernand were brethren shee raigned with her husband in Arragon The Estates beeing dissolued the king being come to Illesca the Archbishop of Toledo came thither vnto him and was graciously receiued but D. Frederic Duke of Benauent beeing discontented for that they had cut off part of his pensions had gifts retired himselfe about Leon where he violently seazed vpon the Kings mony and the reuenues of the Infant D. Fernand whereof the king being aduertised he sent a commandement vnto him to forbeare those courses and that he old giue order to his Treasurers to pay him that which was in equitie due vnto him whereof he made no great accompt but made shew to treate a new league and confederacies with the Queen of Nauarre his sister D. Alphonso Earle of Gijon his brother and D. Pedro Earle of Transtamara his cousin to whom the King sent Garci Gonçales of Herera his Marshal especially to the Queene of Nauarre his Aunt beeing in the castle of Roa with her daughters intreating her instantly to forbeare those tumults Garci Gonçales of Herera told the Duke of Benauent that he would proceed criminally against him and others if they continued to troble the Realme and would not be satisfied with that which had beene decreed by the Estates at Madrid for it was impossible to pay them that which the Gouernors had granted them before Yet hee offered to the Queene Donna Leonora besides the Decrees of the Estates an 100000. marauidis for the entertaynment of her daughters The Duke sought to excuse himselfe saying that the king had beene ill informed by his enemies but if it pleased him to giue him for assurance the sonne of Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça one of Diego Lopes of Estuniga and one of Ruy Lopes of Aualoz hee would willingly come to Court to giue an accompt of his actions and to purge himselfe of the blame which was layed vppon him The Marshall promised and returning to the Court hee met with the Arch-bishoppe of Saint Iames in Amusco who vppon a counterfeit excuse retired himselfe from the Court pretending to be sicke and therefore could not come but in effect it was for that hee saw the Arch-bishop of Toledo beganne to gouerne all and to be in greater fauour
glorie considering how much it might preiudice the Estate of Sicile if the house of Aniou should settle it selfe againe at Naples he thought he should greatly disappoint Lewis his disseines if he should make warre against the Geneuois wherefore hauing prepared an armie at sea he came and landed in the Iland of Corsica Alphonso King of Arragon leads an Armie into Corsica against the Geneuâis which was wholly in the power of that State and vnder colour of the right which the kings of Arragon did pretend by reason of ancient donations made vnto them by the Popes of the two Ilands of Corsica Sardinia at his first landing he tooke Calui and then beseeged Boniface pressing it in such sort as without speedie succors from Genoua it had beene taken and the whole Iland During this seege Queene Ioane who saw a great strome readie to fall vppon her sent Anthony Caraffa vnto him intreating him to vndertake the defence of her and her Realme against Lewis of Aniou the Pope and their allies in requitall whereof she would adopt him for her soone and successor in the Realme of Naples and for an earnest-peny she would deliuer him the two castles of Naples King Alphonso was well pleased with these conditions who to make this accord authenticke sent Raymond of Perillos to Naples with 18. gallies and 14. galliots and D. Bernard of Centillas and D. Iohn of Moncado his ambassadors with authoritie and sufficient instructions who agreed with Queene Ioane in the Kings name and receiued the aboue-named forts and after the releefe of Boniface by the Geneuois whereas the king receiued some losse he passed with the rest of his army into Sicile and from thence to Naples where the accords and adoption was confirmed the Queene inuesting him then in the Dutchie of Calabria as presumptiue heire of the Realme but the peace betwixt the mother and the sonne was not lasting wherefore she repenting to haue adopted Alphonso he dealing in her affaires there fell out warre betwixt them so as after many incounters and variable successe the Queene left Naples and was forced to retire to Auerse from whence she sent to call backe Lewis of Aniou beeing then at Rome who in the yeare 1423. came to Auerse where hee was receiued with great ioy and was adopted there by the Queene and was made Duke of Calabria and Alphonso reiected as ingrate at which time happened in Castile the imprisonment of Henry Master of Saint Iames brother to the king D. Alphonso and the retreat of D. Catherine his wife with the Constable to Valencia and of other Noblemen into diuers parts of Arragon whose goods D. Iohn King of Castile had confisked whereupon grew many quarrels by reason whereof the King D. Alphonso was forced to returne into Spaine leauing his brother D. Pedro at Naples to make head against the Duke of Aniou with Iames Cadora and many Noblemen Italians of his faction to assist him Sayling along the coast of Prouence he surprized Marseilles a Towne belonging to the Duke of Aniou Marseilles surprized by the King of Arragon being Earle of Prouence the which he spoyled and burnt carrying away for a precious lewell the body of Lojs sometimes Bishop fo Tholousa sonne to King Charles the Lame being held a Saint It is noted for a noble and religious act in this Prince that at the taking of the towne hee would not suffer any iniurie to bee done vnto the women that were retired into the Churches nor any thing to be taken from them It was taken in the night at a second assault Alphonso being rich with spoiles landed at Valencia In the meane time in Castile they made the processe of all the fugitiues Castile and degraded D. Ruis Lopes of Aualos of his Estate and dignitie of Constable depriued him of the gouernement of Murcia and did confiscate all his lands and goods He had enioyed Xodar Ximens the tower of Alaquin Arcos Arjone Arjonilla Figuiera and Colmenar in the countrie of Auila and Osorno and Ribadeo in Galicia and other places which were all forfeited to the King who gaue the office of Constable to Don Aluar de Luna who was afterwards created Earle of Saint Stephen de Gormas D Aluar de Luna made Constable fo Castile and receiued with great solemnitie Alphonso Iames Faiardo was made Gouernor of the fronter of Murcia and his lands were distributed to others so as the house of Aualos remained very poore in Castile The King decreed that D. Iohn of Tordesilla Bishop of Segobia who had beene Superintendant of the treasor in the time of the deceasesd King Henry should be apprehended to make him giue an account of his charge but the bishop of Zamora who had this charge shewed hmselfe a friend and suffred him to escape into Portugal from whence he past to Valencia About the end of this yeere 1423. D. Leonora king Iohns 2. daughter was borne as soone as he had intelligence that the king of Arragon was arriued at Valencia he sent him an Ambassage to congratulat his arriual and to intreat him to send him D. Cath erina the wife of D. Henry and the fugitiues of Castile or else to chase them out of his country whereof the king D. Alphonso excused himselfe as wel to these Ambassadors of Castile as by others whom he sent expresly to K. Iohn who intreated him for an enterview wherewith the king was willing but such as were enricht with the constables spoils disswaded him wherewith the king of Arragon was discontented and afterwards more the refusing him to let him confer with the Queen of Castile his sister In the yere 1424. the Infant D. Catherina died at Madrigal wherevpon the King caused the Princesse Leonora to be sworne for heire of those realms in case he died without any issue masle In which yere there also died at Pegniscola Benedict being 90. yeeres old hauing held the Popedome 31. yeers 2. months and 10. daies from his election made at Auignon and after that hee had bin deposed by the councel of Constance 7. yeers and 4. months his body was interred in Illueça in vnhallowed ground as they say a man to violent in al his actions obstinate and indomptable of so strong a constitution of body as they could not attribute the cause of his death but to poison the which they found had bin giuen him in certaine sweet meats by a Monke called Thomas set on by the Cardinal of Pisa who was sent into Spaine to that end The crime being auerred the Monke Thomas was taken and quartered the Cardinal who remained at Tortosa fled fearing that Don Roderigo and Don Alaur de Luna Benedicts Nephewas should reuenge his death vpon him After his decease the Cardinals which were of his faction and were retired with him to Pegniscola would haue continued the Schisme and entring into the Conclaue with the accustomed ceremonies they did choose a Chanon of Barcelona named Gil Mugnos Don Alphonso
the yere he caused both gold and siluer to be coyned of a good Standard His residence at his first comming to the crowne was at Belin there his brother the Infant D. Pedro the Traueller duke of Coimbra came and kist his hands and sware vnto him fealty and homage The first yeare of his raigne and the second of the age of his sonne Don Alphonso hee caused him to be sworne the lawfull heire of the Crowne by the assembled at Sintra and would haue him called Prince Title of Prince first vsurped by the eldest sonne ãâã Portugall a title first vsurped by him in Portugall following the example of the eldest of other Christian kings his neighbors in Spaine After this solemnitie he caused the bodie of the king his father to be transported whose obsequies were the most royall and stately that euer were made for any king of Portugall For two moneths space that he lay in the cathedrall Church there were thirtie Masses sayd euery day and an aniuersarie once a weeke the bodie beeing accompanied and watched euery night by a great number of clerkes and religious men Stately funerals of King Iohn of Portugal singing diuers suffrages for the soule of the deceased The bodie beeing to be transported it was layed vpon an high bed garnished with many banners and trophees and it was watched in the night by the Infant Don Pedro beeing accompanied by a great number of gentlemen Don Fernand Arch-bishop of Braga the kings nephew doing the seruice who the next day sung Masse in his pontificall habit with great state ceremonie after which and the Sermon made by Friar Giles Lobo the kings Confessor the bodie was layed vpon a chariot and conducted by the new street where there was another Sermon made a third in S. Domingo after which it was accompanied with a great procession out of the towne and conducted by the king and the Princes to the Monasterie of S. Denis of Oduiella distant a league and an halfe from Lisbon where it rested that night where as the Infant Don Henry Master of the Order of Christ with his commanders watched from thence it was carried to Villafranca where they made another pause the Infant Don Iohn Master of Saint Iames with his Commanders watching that night Passing on the next day with the like pompe they came to Arcoentre where it rested againe and the bodie was watched by the Infant D. Fernand Master of Auiz with his commanders Continuing the next day they came to Alcouaça where they made the fourth pause and there watched D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos brother to the Infants aboue-named accompanied by his two sonnes Don Diego Earle of Oren and Marquis of Valencia and Don Fernand Earle of Arroyolos and Marquis of Villavitiosa in all which places there was Euensong and vigils sayd at night when it arriued and in the morning before it parted Masse being sung pontifically by the abbot of Alcouaça and the Bishops of Ebora and la Garde in all places in the end they came to the Hermitage of Saint George in the place of battel with the like procession pompe and ceremonie as they came out of Lisbone The Hermite came foorth to meet it and did accompanie it to the royall Monasterie of the battell where it was receiued and layd in a royall sepulchre with great and sollemne Masses and other ceremonies Modesty of the Infant D. Pedro and his ââher vertues and very rich offerings where as aboue all others the pietie and filiall duty of the Infant D. Pedro was remarkable in which good and kind offices hee continued towards king Edward his brother in the gouernement of the affaires of the realm committed vnto him This Prince is much commended by the Portugals for his modestie affirming that he would neuer suffer any one to kisse his hand nor to speake to him kneeling nor to vse any other tearmes of submission accustomed to great men Hee loued learning and learned men greatly and himselfe did write some Treaties of the gouernement of Princes and made some traductions out of the Latine tongue into the vulgar Portugal not without learning and iudgement He had a particular deuotion to Michael the arch-angell as he was instructed by the Diuines of that age wherefore he carried a ballance for his deuice and was a great builder of Temples and holy places He caused Saint Michael of Penela and Auero to be built and in the same towne he was the founder of the Monasterie of Piety of the preaching Friars and of the church of Tentuble and of the hospitall of Saint Eloy he made a collegiall Monasterie as it is at this present Besides which buildings hee caused the Estates to be built in the city of Lisbon to lodge Courtiers to ease the inhabitants of that troublesome and many times preiudiciall subiection This Prince was husband to Donna Izabella of Arragon daughter to Don Iames Earle of Vrgel and of D. Izabella Infanta of Arragon daughter to Don Pedro the fourth of that name Of D. Iames I say who thinking to raigne in Arragon after the decease of D. Martin rebelled against the determination of the arbitrators who had chosen Don Fernand of Castile for King the which cost him his libertie and estates goods and dignities whereof being depriued he dyed a prisoner The Infant Don Pedro had by this Ladie Donna Izabella Don Pedro who was third Constable of Portugall who in the warres which the Cattelans had against Don Iohn king of Nauarre heire to his brother Don Alphonso King of Arragon he was chosen King of Arragon and dyed in that warre with that title Moreouer he had Don Iohn future king of Cypres husband to Donna Izabella whome Don Alphonso the fifth of that name her cousin germaine married a princesse hauing her deuotion and hope directed to Saint Iohn the Euangelist in whose honor shee caused the Monasterie at Lisbon to be built dedicated to him on the toppe of Euxobregas With these two sonnes he had D. Philippe who liued a religious woman in the Monasterie of Odiuelas and was so giuen to studie as she translated into the Portugal tongue a worke of Laurence Iustinians Patriarke of Venice and of Aquilea founder of the Order of S. George of Alaga moreouer Don Iames and Donna Beatrix who were retired after their fathers decease by Donna Izabella Dutchesse of Bourgondie their aunt Don Iames was aduanced to spirituall liuings afterwards made a Cardinall and Arch-bishop of Lisbone and Donna Beatrix was married to the Lord of Rauestein nephew to the Duke of Bourgondie Cardinall dyes a virgin This Cardinall dyed a Virgin as they say at Florence where he was buried in the time of Pius the second In the beginning of the yeare 1431. there had beene a generall councell called Councel of Basil the which was continued by Pope Eugenius Successor to Martin the fifth in the cittie of Basill this yeare 1433. but afterwards the fathers were diuided and the Pope
interred for there is not any marke or menumont found in Spaine although she ordained that it should bee carried to Santa Maria of Vxue and that the priory of Ayuar should be anexed to that Church the which notwithstanding was not done The Authors of the History of Sicile write that shee died in that Island in the Monastery of Saint Nicholas des Arenes at the foote of Mount Etna and that she is buried at Catanea in Saint Francis Church By the death of this Prince the succession of the realme of Nauarre fell vnto her sonne Don Charles Prince of Viana who at that time was full twenty yeeres old bred vp by the Lords of Beaumont whereof Lewis was the chiefe who afterwards beeing made Constable of Nauarre by King Iohn was the first of that house that was aduanced to that dignity The Constable of Castile bearing his exile from Court with the losse of his authority Castile very impatiently wherein hee might haue maintained himselfe if hee could haue knowne himselfe beganne to make new practises to grow into fauour with the confederats submitting himselfe to Iohn de Pacheco that hee might bring him into fauour with Prince Henry his maister but the wound was to fresh so as nothing was done at that time The Estates beeing assembled that yeere 1442. 1442. at Toro they did graunt vnto Don Iohn King of Castile though with great difficulty to furnish him with foure score millions of Marauidis paiable at two termes that yeere and the next following There the confederate Lords beeing aduertised that D. Pedro de Acugnas sought all meanes to restore the Constable to fauour the Admirall sent to take him prisoner in his house at Duegnas A bould attempt of the Constables sauorers but soone after he was deliuered and then there was an enterprise descouered which made the Constable much more odious then hee had beene for some of his friends were so hardy as to make a mine in Toro the which did come vnto the Kings lodging and to the castle by the which hee would secretly draw in armed men and kill or take the King of Nauarre the Infant his brother and the confederate Lords whilest they were in councell The Estates beeing ended the King came to Vailledolit where as he gaue vnto Don Pedro of Estuniga Earle of Ledesma the City of Plaisance in recompence of Trugillo which he demaunded for that it had beene promised him by the King There beeing great contention growne betwixt the Earle of Castagneda and Don Iâigo Lopes of Mendoça about the limitation of their iurisdictions and vassals in the lands which they held in the Prouince of Alaua by reason whereof their armed men keeping the field did spoile and oppresse the poore people wherevpon many Commonalties did rise in armes against these two Lords making sharpe warre against them hauing obtained leaue from the King to doe it to the end they might suppresse those insolencies which were committed vnder collour of their quarrels which they might and ought for to haue ended by Iustice and not by armes This yeere died Don Iohn of Crezuela Archbishop of Toledo the Constables brother to the great hindrance of his affaires in whose place Don Guttiere Gomes of Toledo Archbishop of Senile was chosen by the meanes of the King of Nauarre to whom the house of Toledo was reconciled At that time there was a change of the Bishops of Spaine euery one aspiring to that which was richest and of greatest dignity the which is the greatest care of most of the pastors in these latter times The Archbishoprike was giuen to D. Garcia Osorio Bishop of Ouiedo Change of Bishâps in Spaine Nephew to the Admirall the Bishoprike of Ouiedo to the Bishop of Orense that of Orense to Doctor Iohn of Torquemado of the Order of the preaching friars Cardinal of Saint Sixte a great Doctor in the Cannon law At that time in Biscay there were descouered some followers of their opinion Fratricelle heretikes ãâã whom they called Fratricelli men condemned by Pope Boniface the eight in the yeere 1290. and afterwards by Iohn the two and twentith for heretikes and followers of all impurity and abuses hauing had their beginning at Ferrara in Italy by one called Herman The King of Castile sent Francis of Soria a Franciscan friar and D. Iohn Alphonso Cherino Abbot of Alcala the royall one of the Kings councell to informe of their deeds doctrine and manners and it was found by the informations which they brought to Court that he which had reuiued and newly practised this Doctrine of Fratricelli was a Franciscan friar called Alphonso de Mella and that many men and women were infected with this error in the towne of Durango and there abouts wherefore the King ordained that they should be apprehended sending two Prouosts thether well accompanied who brought away a great number some to Vailledolit some to Calçada where they were burnt The friar Alphonso de Mellae the reuiuer of this sect escaped hearing that they informed and past into the Moores country with many yong strumpets which were taken from him and himselfe condemned and made a slaue where hee ended his miserable daies The King of Castile being sollicited by the Queene mother of Portugal Portugal to be a means that she might be restored to the authority in the which the deceased King her husband had left her by his will he sent Ambassadors to the young King D. Alphonso and to his vncle D. Pedro and to the Estates and councell of the realme to perswade and intreat them to leaue the gouernment of the King and realm to the widow Queene according to the last wil of the deceased king Edward whereof they did honestly excuse themselues especially the councell yeelding many reasons why they could not consent therevnto At that time hapened the death of D. Iohn of Portugal maister of Saint Iames second Constable of the realme being 43. yeeres old who was a great friend to Aluaro de Luna Constable of Castile who was also administrator of the Maistership of Saint Iames in Castile This Infant was grandfather by the mothers side to the Queene D. Isabella the heire of Castile and Leon who was wife to King Fernand the fifth called the Catholike The same yeere Ambassadors came from D. Alphonso King of Arragon Arragon to the Court of Castile to condole with King Iohn for the troubles and seditions of his realme and giuing him councell in their maisters name as a Prince that was his allie and friend to loue the Princes of his bloud and to win them with fauors and good vsage admitting them into his councell of State and gouerning his realmes by their aduice and of the Noblemen of the greatest and most ancient families of Spaine The Ambassadors did also make him a relation of the happy successe the King their maister had in the warre of Naples Successe of thè warre of Naples where after diuers light
there being ioyned with him the Earle of Castagneda and D. Pedro Sarmiento against whom Don Iohn King of Nauarre sent fifteene hundred Launces led by the Admirall and the Earle of Benauent who led Prince Henry with them who did not yet descouer himselfe but onely kept these two parties from fighting making them in some sort friends and satisfied at that time one of an other and then hee returned to Segobia Whilest that the Admirall and Earle of Benauent were absent in this voiage hauing lest the Kings in Tordesillas Pero Aluares Osorio of the Bishop of Auilas faction came and presented himselfe before the towne being accompanied with many souldiars and did endeuor to enter but he could not wherevpon he retired These things made the King of Nauarre and the confederats very iealous that there was some great conspiracy against them and not able yet to discouer who were the conspirators to bee the better certefied they sent to intreat the Prince D. Henry to come to Tordesillas that they might aduise what was to bee done for the totall ruine of the Constable as they had concluded together The Prince hauing therein the Bishops aduice who demaunded nothing more came with an intent to make knowne vnto the King his father the league which hee had newly made to free him from Gouernment and to comfort him Arriuing at Tordesillas with the Bishop of Auila Iohn de Pacheco and many other Noblemen they were receiued by the King of Nauarre with great demonstration of ioy At that time there was no meanes for to conferre together nor to treate of any affaires for they were readie to celebrate a marriage betwixt the King of Nauarre and the Admirall Henriques daughter which were preparing with great state at the tower of Lobaton whither all men went This marriage was accomplished to the great griefe of Don Charles Prince of Viana Nauarre to whose preiudice the king D. Iohn his father Mariage of the king of Nauar with D. Ioane Henriques detayned the Realme of Nauar and wold not leaue it although it were his inheritance by his mother which was the cause of great troubles This Princesse D. Ioane was of the bloud royall of âastile for the Admirall Don Frederick her father was sonne to Don Alphonso Henriques and grand-child to Don Frederick Master of Saint Iames who by the commandement of Don Pedro the cruell his brother was slaine at Seuile At the same time Don Fernand of Aualos Chamberlaine to the Infant D. Henry was sent to bring Donna Beatrix sister to Don Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent to Cordoua being promised to the Infant his master in which citie that mariage was celebrated of whom came D. Henry of Arragon called the Infant of Fortune or the Fortunate who came to be Duke of Segorbe The Court being returned to Tordesillas Castile they began to treat of matters against the Constable whereupon the Prince told the king of Nauarre that it were good all they of the league were together to determine of matters of so great importance the which pleased the king of Nauarre whereupon there were letters and messengers sent to them that were absent to draw them to Court and for that Tordesillas would not serue to lodge so great an assembly the towne of Areualo was appointed The Bishop of Auila was very desirous that the king and the Prince father and sonne might conferre freely together the which was very difficult for there were spies set by the king of Nauarre about the kings person in his chamber and in all other places who did obserue what hee sayd or did and yet the king could not helpe it yet the bishop found meanes to aduise him that he should faine himselfe to be somewhat sicke and that vppon this occasion the Prince vnder colour to visit him and to do his duty might deliuer many things vnto him which might please him The king kept his bed for a time whereby the Prince had oportunity to discouer the new league vnto him and to assure him that the Constable whom he had chased away should yet deliuer him from the captiuity wherein they held him wherewith the king was so ioyed as he could not containe himselfe but he did outwardly shew the hope which he had conceiued which made the gards suspect that the father and the sonne had had some discourse of great consequence whereof they did aduertise the King of Nauarre who was very iealous of the bishop They caused the Admirall to aske the king what good discourse the Prince his sonne had vsed wherewith he was so ioyed The king wisely concealing what he knew answered that they were tales of the follies of youth This busines hauing succeeded wishfully for the Bishop the Prince tooke his leaue of the two kings his father and father-in-law and so returned to Segobia to attend sayd he the time of the assembly at Areualo but it was the least of his thoughts for he had a speciall desire to breake it if he could whereof hauing conferred by the way with the bishop of Auila his Councellor he who was a cunning politicke man found this expedient he went to Areualo beeing a towne of his Diocesse of Auila with a great trayne and finding the lodgings alreadie marked for the Noblemen that should come thither he caused some to quarrell with the harbingers and with such of the traine as were already come so as he put the towne into a great confusion Many of those which were alreadie lodged were forced to depart and to giue place to my Lord Bishop and his men and then seeking for other lodging there grew other contentions among them of the Court so as the king of Nauarre being aduertised thereof hee was much discontented and growing more suspitious he would not go to that assembly fearing some practise against him The Prince hauing what he demanded he wrote vnto the king of Nauarre complayning much that he was not come to the assembly at Areualo wherefore they sent the Admirall Don Frederick vnto him to Saint Mary de Nyeua to draw him to another assembly whereunto the Prince pretending some excuses the Admirall told him that if he came not it would seeme that he meant to withdraw himselfe from the vnion of the king of Nauarre and the confederate Lords The Prince pretended many reasons hee had for it but he dissembled his intent the Admirall intreated him for an enterview with his father inâlaw at Olmedo whereof hee excused himselfe as honestly as he could and sent backe the Admirall very much discontented for he spake not but as he was aduised by the Bishop of Auila who wished him not to enter into Olmedo nor into any place belonging to the king of Nauarre The Bishop being vigilant and actiue to do any thing that might giue forme and effect to his enterprise for the restoring of the Constable to his first fauour and authoritie posted to Alba de Tormes whereas he made the Arch-bishop
of Langa During his small aboad in this place hee had newes that Queene Isabel his wife was brought in bed of a Sonne at Tordesillas who was named D. Alfonso The yeare following the King beeing at Auila hee sent for D. Lopes of Barriento Bishop of Ciqueça and Friar Gonçal of Illesca Prior of the Monastery of Guadalupe to make them of his counsell to the ende that hee might by their aduice reforme the great abuses past An. 1454. to effect the which hee resolued to rayse a power of eight thousand lances with an ordinary entertaynment and many other things Being in this discours hee felt himselfe to be much troubled with a quartaine ague which had held him some-time yet hee did not forbeare to trauell to Madrid and from thence to Vaylledolit where the Queene his wife was leauing the whole gouernment of his Realmes to the aboue named Bishop and Prior. His sicknesse increasing he made his testament and left to Queene Isabel the city of Soria Death of D. Iohn King of Castile with the townes of Madrigal and Areualo and to his sonne D. Alphonso the administration of the Maistership of Saint Iames whom hee would willingly haue made heire of his crowne and King of Castile and Leon if it had beene lawful so much he did mislike Prince Henry his eldest son for his disobedience and lightnesse To his daughter D. Isabella he gaue the towne of Cuellar with a great quantity of gold for her dowry He did not long suruiue his Constable but died of the violence of his quarten ague at Vailledolit in Iuly the same yeere 1454. hauing held the Realm 47. yeers being 49. yeeres old and fiue months his body was for that time lâied in the Monastery of St. Pablo of Vailledolit to be transported to the Carthusians of Mirefleurs at Burgos as he had ordained by his testament The Constables death had reconciled the King of Nauarre vnto him and restored all the other Noblemen to fauour yea the Admiral D. Frederic who was then fled into Arragon notwithstanding hauing made to much hast to re-enter into Castile without an ample licence from the King hee had commandment to goe backe and not to returne into Castile vnlesse he were sent for vpon great penalties This King had resolued to make warre against D. Alphonso King of Portugal for the descoueries which he made vpon the Westerne coast of Affrike beyond Cap Verd towards Guinee saying these conquests did belong to the crowne of Castile but death brake of this desseigne and continued the peace of Portugal The Estate of which Realme after the death of King Edward had beene gouerned by the Infant D Pedro Portugal in quality of a Regent chosen by the Estates by reason of King Don Alphonsos yong yeeres D. Pedro had for his greatest Aduersary his brother D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos and his sonnes the Earles of Oren and Arroyolos notwithstanding which contention King D. Alphonso beeing come to the age of sixteene yeeres married at Saint Iren with Donna Isabella daughter to the Infant D. Pedro receiuing the nuptial blessing from the hand of D. Fernand Archbishop of Braga D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos sonne to King Iohn had obtained in the yeere 1448. of his brother D. Pedro Regent of the realme although they were in quarrell the Estate of Brangance in title of a Dutchie and the castle of Lotero by the decease of Don Gonçalo who held all those places This good turne was ill requited by the new Duke for he seeing him make no shew to giue ouer his Regency notwithstanding that the King had beene declared capable to gouerne his realme himselfe and being married he put a conceit into the Kings head that the Infant D. Pedro had caused Queene Leonora his mother to be poisoned in Castile and that he sought to doe the like to him that he might seize vpon the crowne For this cause the king did persecute D. Pedro his vncle so as he forced him to retire to Coimbra of which hee was Duke Being much incensed at this iniury hee had certaine practises with them of Lisbone to giue him entry and support in that city with his partisans and friends whereof he had many meaning to rebel against the king his Nephew These practises being discouered the king gathered together all the men he could with great secrecy to surprise D. Pedro vpon the point of the execution of his enterprise and came and incountred him as he was comming to Lisbone at a place called Aforrâbeira Defeat and death of the Infant D. Pedro Duke of Coimbra where hauing fought with him vanquished and slaine him hee ended those troubles It may be the Infant was innocent of the death of Queene Leonora but if it be true that he caused poyson to be giuen her hee was paied with the like money for hee was slaine with a poisoned arrow There died many good knights in this battaile and amongst others D. Alâaro of Almada Earle of Abranches They did for a long time refuse to burie the Infants bodie in the royall Monastery of the battaile an argument of the kings great hatred and of the Duke of Bragança's against him yet they had cause to lament him for they wanted him in the Gouernment The duke of Bragance soone after demaunded the City of Porto and the towne of Guimaranes of the king the which hee gaue him Guimaranes receiued him but Porto would not in any sort for they would maintaine themselues for the king and so did Portalegre which the king had giuen vnto the Earle Don Sancho of Logrogno brother to D. Constance the Duke of Braganca's second wife being sister also to D. Pedro Archbishop of Lisbone In the yeere 1451. Marriage of the Emperor Frederic the 3 and D. Leonora of Portugal Donna Leonora the Kings sister was married to the Emperor Frederic the third duke of Austria and the betrothing was in the city of Lisbone by the Noblemen that were deputed by him hauing ful power and authority who afterwards conducted their Empresse by sea to Pisa being accompanied by the Marquis of Valencia by D. Lewis Coutin Bishop of Coimbra D. Lope of Almada Earle of Abrantes and other Noblemen of Portugal whose marriage was celebrated at Siena the yeere following 1452 In the which King Alphonso had a sonne by his wife called D. Iohn which liued little That yeere the body of the Infant D. Pedro vncle and father in law to the King was taken from Alberca where it had beene interred and transported to the castle of Abrantes or at the least his bones The coast of Affrike Descoueries of the coast of Affrikâ by the portugals which discontented the Castillans towards the Westerne and South seas were at that time descouered by the Portugals who brought gold from Guinny whereof King D. Alphonso caused a certaine coyne to be made which hee called Croisats by reason of the Croisadoe graunted by Pope Nicholas the fifth to make warre
of Echauarri Bishop of Pampelona and by his aduise Diego Henriques was sent backe and with him an other of the same coate to intreate King Henry to redeliuer the three townes of La Garde Arcos and Saint Vincent and that Calaorra should be forthwith restored backe and besides that the Earle and the Princesse should aide him with forces from Nauarre against his owne rebels and would in no sort fauor nor aide them This Ambassage deliuered to the King of Castile at Segobia did much content him and he sent backe the licenciat Diego with the Ambassador of Nauarre to accomplish these restitutions so that for assurance of what the Earle and the Princesse should promise they should giue their children D. Iohn and Donna Mary for ostages The two Ambassadors being on their way he of Castile staied at Logrogno and he of Nauarre came to the Earle vnto whom hee gaue account of his charge and according to that which was set downe the Earle and Diego Henriques met since in a certaine place yet they agreed vpon nothing the Earle of Foix being importuned to the contrary by the league of Castile The Castillan Ambassador foreseeing that the Earle ment to beseege Alfaro hee gaue order speedily that a hundred horsemen with store of victuals should enter into the same towne within a while after the Earle being at Tudela he sent for the Castillan Ambassador to the end to treat againe with him about an agreement and he caused the Bishop of Pampelona and Martin de Peralta to deale with him but there was lesse done at this meeting then before for the Bishop vsed many iniurious speeches against King Henry so as all men were ashamed of him but the Ambassador of Castile did carry himselfe so modestly and did refute the Bishops words with such good reasons as in the end he made him to acknowledge his fault and to excuse himselfe In conclusion the end of their disputation was that the Earle would not send his children and that if the King of Castile would not yeeld vp the towne which hee held in Nauarre he would then beseege Alfaro with this resolution the Ambassador departed and in foure daies space that he remained at Alfaro he caused it to be fortified with rampiers and defenses as much as his short stay would giue him leaue from thence he went into Soria and leauied souldiers there for the defence of the same place Alfaro being beseeged and furiously battered by the Earle did hold out notwithstanding that it is scituated betweene Calaorra and Tudela wherein were great garrisons of French-men and Nauarrois so as within the space of twelue daies the succors of Castile appeared consisting of one thousand three hundred horse The Bâshop of Pampeloaâ caâseth the townes o'L Garde Saint ãâã and ãâã to remaine vnder the power of Castile and fiue thousand footmen conducted by Alphonso de Areillan Lord de los Cameros by reason whereof the Earle raised his seege and brought backe his people to Tudela and soone after he receiued newes that the Inhabitants of Calaorra had massacred the French Garrison there and returned to the obedience of their Prince King Henry These disorders did greatly displease the Earle the Constable Lord Peter of Peralta and others who laide the whole fault vpon the Bishop of Pampelona who was the cause that the townes of La Garda Saint Vincent and Arcos which of old times belonged to Nauarre haue euer since remained in the power of Castile King Iohn after the victory which his sonne had obtained at Poblin receiued diuerse Inhabitants of the Prouince of Ampurdan which yeelded to him some willingly others for feare And desiring straightly to beseege Ceruera a strong place by nature hee sent thither the troupes of D. Alphonso and those which the Queene held before Valdecona a towne seated within a mile of Tortosa Igualada surprised by meaneâ of the dâscord of the Inhabitants but D. Alphonso before he marched to the campe vnderstanding that the Inhabitants of Igualada were at dissention among themselues some of them cleauing to the new King D. Pedro the others to King Iohn hee drew nere to it and found meanes to take it whilest they were at variance Hauing gotten in he vsed them kindely that held with King Iohn the others hee seuerely punished then he went to Ceruera which was so speedily battred and assailed as in the end it yeelded vpon composition to haue their liues and goods saued and their priuiledges entirely maintained the which was graunted The gouernment of that place was giuen to Iohn de Carraxona then they went to Pratas where the new King D. Pedro had left a garrison he himselfe being retired to Barcelona Pratas was yeelded and Rodona likewise vpon conditions and the army passed on to Tortosa the Prince D. Fernand conducting the formost troupes who beganne to encampe before Amposta hauing with great difficulty passed the riuer Ebro hich was greatly swelled and risen The seege of Amposta was long and difficult winter drawing neere which prooued that yeere so exceeding cold A cold winter beyond the custome of the country as it is reported that wolues came into the soldiars tents and cabanes as though they had beene tame and great numbers of sundry sorts of snakes were found in the fields which did no hurt at all which did greatly amaze the souldiars who held those things for strang prognostications Snakes among the army in the dead of winter so as King Iohn was constrained to comfort and animate his people with orations and friendly speeches wherein a Sicillian Gentleman named Scipio Patello who was wise and eloquent did him good seruice By the great labour of the souldiars and extreame dilligence of the captaines Amposta was taken by force where the King executed some of the principall Inhabitants Amposta takeâ by King Iohn and pardoned others as namely the Gouernor who with diuers others had taken the castle After this they beseeged Tortosa which the King greatly desired who sent thither D. Alphonso his son to shut in the Inhabitants and to prepare things in readinesse to batter it The townes-men perceiuing it was in good earnest sent forty of their Citizens to the King to perswade him to desist from that enterprize and to assure him that Tortosa would not rebel against him if the other townes of Cattalonia would compound and yeeld therefore they entreated him to go to some other place and to leaue them in peace other-wise he should thinke that if the taking of Amposta cost him so deere that Tortosa which was much stronger and greater would stand him in no lesse The King knowing that the Tortosans were none of the valiantest answered them that if they did not submit themselues to his obedience he would seuerely punish them which they refusing the warre beganne to be very sharpe in euery place about the City with the dayly losse of many on either side the towne was battered with great fury
practises the King said that he pardoned him with all his heart and prayed God to pardon him likewise and he enquired further of him who those were which sought his life and which did set him a worke he entreated the King to send away them that stood by and then in great secrecy he told their names which could neuer after be knowne for the King neuer told it to any man liuing the next day after Iohn Carillo died of his hurts The King being at Simancas his great and mighty army stretched it selfe euen to the gates of Valiadolit where the confederats did remaine neuerthelesse the affaires were drawne out at length without any matter of note Thither came the Queene Donna Ioane with the Infant Donna Isabella who were returned from Portugall where they had obtained nothing at all for the good of Castile for notwithstanding that they had endeauored for to renew the treatie of marriage mentioned at the enterview of the-Kings at the Archbishops bridge neuerthelesse the King Don Alphonso did abhorre to marry his sonne to Donna Ioane whoe was begotten in adultery of the Queene of Castile his cosin by the Duke of Albuquerque Don Bertrand dela Cueua These things standing at a stay the King and the Marquis of Villena did see one an other and by the aduice of Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana and of Don Aluaro of Estuniga chiefe Iustice of Castile called and chosen on both parts it was concluded that euery man should lay by his armes and returne to his owne house and that during the truce which should continue for the space of some fiue monthes following they should treate of a peace and of the meanes how to giue content to all men but chiefely to cause the Prince Don Alphonso to renounce his royalty This was proclaimed through the campe neere to Montejo in the territory of Areualo signed and sealed by the King the Archbishop of Toledo The King knowes not how to profit himselfe by his great forces and the Marquis of Villena and vnderneath by the secretrary Garcia de Arcareso de Montdragon The King had small reason to yeeld to these things hauing an army of a hundred thousand fighting men whereas his enemies were very weake in respect of him and vnprouided of money victuals munition and other things necessary for such an enterprise but God would haue it so The King being come backe to Simancas dismissed his souldiars with liberall payment then at Medina del Campo whether hee came soone after he recompenced the Lords after this manner He gaue to D. Peco Gonçales de Mendoça Bishop of Calaorra the thirds of Guadalajara with the reuenue thereof to his brother D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana he gaue the towne of Saint Andrew Recompences made by the King to the Lords that followed him ioyning to the lands of his Marquisat with a yeerely pention of seuen hundred thousand Marauedis to the other brother D. Inigo de Mendoça and to Don Lorenzo de Suares Vicont of Torreja and to D. Iohu Hurâado de Mendoça pensions according to their degrees to D. Lewis de la Cerde Earle of Medina Celi the City of Agreda with the territory to D. Garci Aluares de Toledo Earle of Alua Carpia with sundry places nere to Salamanca to D. Aluar Peres Osorio Lord of Villalobos and Earle of Transtamara the City of Astorga with the title of Marquis to D. Iohn de Acugna Earle of Valencia the Earldome of Prauia and Gijon with the title of Duke of Valencia to D. Pedro de Mendoça Lord of Almaçan a yeerely pention of 300000. Marauedis assigned him on the hill of Mountagu to D. Aluaro de Mendoça captaine of his men at armes the City of Requegna with the reuenue and proffit of the port and hauen thereof Other guifts and recompences did the King make to his Knights the which or at least the most part of them haue euer since remained in their families The end of the twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE ONE AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 COntinuance of the troubles in Castile 2 The vnworthy marriage of the Infanta Donna Isabella Agreed vpon by her brother King Henry and hindred by the sodaine and vnlooked for death of Don Pedro Giron 3 Societies of Castile vnion of the Prouinces and communalties holding together for the administration of iustice 4 Assembly at Madrid tumult in the same towne Behauiour of those of Mendoça The Marquis of Villena promoted to the Maistership of Saint Iames. Battaile of Olmedo 5 The Pope vseth all dilligence to procure the peace of Castile Censures the rebells appeale to a future Counsell The taking of Segobia The King D. Henry forsaken 6 Agreement betwixt the King and the confederate Lords Euil behauiour of Donna Ioane Queene of Castile 7 Strife for the Bishoprike of Siguença Murthers at Burgos 8 Seditions in Toledo magnanimity and equity of the Infant Don Alphonso chosen King 9 D. Alphonso de Primentel Earle of Benauent enterpriseth against his father in law Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena 10 Practises of those of Toledo against the Infant Don Alphonso in the behalfe of King Henry Rashnesse of the Bishop of Badajos and of Donna Maria de Silua and of that which happened 11 Death of the Infant D. Alphonso wisedome of the Infanta Donna Isabella Peace betwixt the King and the confederate Lords 12 Infamous life of Donna Ioane Queene of Castile the Lords of Mendoça practice against the peace the Infanta Donna Isabella declared Princesse of the Asturis and presumptiue heire of Castile 13 Continuance of the warres of Barcelona Renee of Aniou chosen King of Arragon by the Barcelonois Exploits of the French in Cattalonia death of the Duke of Calabria 14 Gaston Earle of Foix desirous to reigne before his time stirreth vp troubles in the Kingdome of Nauarre 15 Queene Ioane of Arragon dies and confesseth her fault 16 Gaston of Foix the younger dies at Liborna Beginning and continuance of the house of Foix. 17 Couenants betwixt King Iohn of Arragon and his daughter the Countesse of Foix heire of Nauarre 18 Assembly at Ocagna New deseignes of King Henry of Castile 19 The King of Castiles iourney into Andaluzia 20 Marriage betwixt the Infanta Donna Isabella and the Prince D. Fernand heire of Arragon Sicill Naples c. Articles and couenants of the same 21 A rash act of D. Alphonso de Aguilar against the Lords of Cabra The taking of Simancas with other outrages 22 Spanish superstitions 23 Practices pursutes and quarrels betwixt the Lords of Castile Alua erected into a Dutchy 24 Muley Alboacen King of Granado whose posterity remaineth in Spaine till this day 25 Treaty of Marriage betwixt King Henry of Castiles supposed daughter and the Duke of Guyenne brother to the French King Lewis the eleuenth Lands of Infantasgo giuen to the house of Mendoça 26 Donna Isabella Princesse of Castile disinherited King
battaile the Duke againe asked the same question and was againe by him answered in the same manner and if they doe so quoth the Duke I will giue you ten thousand Marauedies of yeerely rent The Knight accepted the offer and gaue him great thankes and was staied their vntill the Kings whole army arriued to the end that he might see it Now the Duke had notice that halfe the confederates forces were not ioyned and therefore he was the more curious to vnderstand their resolution but soone after there came vnto them the Admiralls troupes with those of the Archbishop of Siuill of the Earle of Playsance and his daughter the Countesse of Belalcaçar they themselues remayning at home in their owne houses whilest these things were a doing the Marquis of Villena who was a great vndertaker and very pollitike in all his enterprises hauing drawne the prior of Vdes and the thirteene Electors of the order of Saint Iames to Ocagna The Marquis of Villena D. Iohn de Pacheco causeth himselfe to bee chosen Maister of Saint Iames. he caused himselfe to be chosen Maister of the same order in cannonicall manner without the councell aduise or consent of King Henry Prince Alphonso nor the Sea of Rome and without any approbation of the Estates of the Kingdome and intituled himselfe Maister of Saint Iames to the great admiration of the Earle of Benauent who laied claime therevnto by reason of the Kings promise yet in processe of time the Marquis Don Iohn de Pacheco was confirmed therein by the Pope The confederate Knights who were within Olmedo with the Infant Don Alphonso being assured that the Kings army came vnder the walles of Olmedo with intent to giue them battaile if occasion were offered came forth to fields to make resistance and then diuers messages and negotiations for peace were sent from side to side but to no purpose Amongst those which endeauored to pacifie matters and to keepe them from fighting was Don Pedro of Peralta ãâ¦ã of Olmedâ Constable of Nauarre whose daughter was married to Troylus Carillo of Acugna sonne to the Archbishop of Toledo all treaties ceassing the two armies made themselues ready to fight being deuided as the manner then was into sundry âsquadrons the one following the other the King was not there in person but the Infant Alphonso appeared armed at all points mounted vpon a strong braue courser riding from troupe to troupe encouraging his army The Archbishop of Toledo did weare vpon his armor a white stole poudered with red crosses leading a squadron of three hundred and threescore horse where Alphonsos standard stood and that day hee approued himselfe a better souldiar and man at armes then an Ecclesiasticall pastor for he was hurt in the left arme and yet for all that hee would not giue ouer fighting so long as he could sit on horse-backe the battaile beeing cruell and furious for the space of three houres inclining to neither side On the other side the Duke of Albuquerque behaued himselfe verie valiantlie but if he had not beene rescued in time by his father-in-law the Marquis of Santillana he had remayned a spoyle to the Knights which had conspired his death who did furiously poursue him but he freed himselfe very nobly and slue with his owne hand D. Fernand of Fonseca who dyed within foure dayes after Those which write of this battell fought in the yeare 1467. 1467. two and twenty yeares and three moneths after another fought in the same place An vncertaine victorie do not certainely affirme whose side got the victorie for they of the Kings part tooke Don Alphonsos standard with Don Diego de Melo that carried it who was sore hurt the Standards of the Earle of Plaisance and his daughter the Countesse of Belalcaçar those of the Arch-bishop of Seuill and Don Garcia of Padilla who conducted the troupes of the Marquis of Villena Master of Saint Iames then absent fell likewise into the Kings power diuers Knights of these bands were slayne and about threescore and tenne taken among whome was the Earle of Luna and likewise Don Henry Henriques third sonne to the Admirall Don Frederick The Confederates also tooke King Henryes banner although it was not displayed but found wrapt vp among the baggage a great part whereof they brought to Olmedo and besides that they tooke seauen other standards they slue two hundred and eight horse-men and tooke more than foure hundred prisoners and yet for all that the one side as well as the other published the victorie for his owne and bone-fires were made in token of ioy as well at Medina del campo as at Olmedo All men affirme that they fought there in great disorder and in manifest contempt of all martiall discipline the footmen on either side were rascally people who thought vpon nothing but pillage or flight The King who was absent from the Battell hauing gathered his people together made the same night a triumphant entrie into Medina del campo giuing rest to his souldiers who had need thereof the guard of the towne beeing committed to the inhabitants against those which held la Mote The Ensignes and Standards which were won were carryed by the councell of the Bishoppe of Calaorra against the Kings will into the Church of Saint Andrew and there left The victorie published and beleeued generally to bee on the Kings side drew diuers Lords to his seruice neuerthelesse others did ioyne themselues with the Confederates in the number of whome was the Earle of Alua whome the King had a long time expected in vaine hoping to meet him at that encounter who receyued of the Arch-bishop and the Marquis the townes of the Arch-bishops bridge and Montalban for the which he was greatly blamed The Master of S. Iames who was absent from the battell being come from Ocagna to Olmedo was greatly discontented that they had fought and did greatly complaine of them that had giuen consent thereunto Certaine dayes after Antonio de Veneris Bishop of Leon arriued at Medina del campo sent as Legat from the Pope and the Consistorie of Rome The Pope sends a legâte to treat of peace with ample authoritie but no way limited especially to treate about the pacifying of the warres of Castile king Henry receyued him very honorably and with great modestie and reuerence to the Sea of Rome from whence he was sent he did answer his Legacie telling him neuerthelesse that he doubted his iourney would prooue fruitlesse because of the rebels obstinaciâ First of all the Legate enioyned both sides vppon paine of excommunication to lay by their armes for one whole yeare to the end they might the better treate of peace but the Confederates thinking that these State-matters and temporal differences were no game for the Pope The confederat Lords contemn the censures made no account of Ecclesiasticall censures in that point It was thought fit that the Legate should conferre with the confederate Lords betwixt Medina and Olmedo
from his obedience to the King his brother if hee graunted not their request Whereunto hee answered that therin they might do as they pleased for he was resolued neuer to commit so vnreasonable and dishonest an act The Infant perseueres in being iust hatefull to God and man and that they ought to bee satisfied and contented that their offences were winked at and not punished which perhappes time would bring to passe Wee haue shewed heretofore Desire to be rich takes away all natural and ciuill respect how that Don Alphonso Pimentell Earle of Benauent had beene disappoynted of the Master shippe of Saint Iames whereunto he layd claime by his father-in-law Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena from thence arose deadly hatred against them which prouoked and stirred vp the Earle to lay diuers traynes to take away his life and this yeare the Earle missed very narrowly of his purpose and determination in the Infant Don Alphonso's house at Areualo but the Marquis hauing intelligence thereof did euer after stand vppon his guard and went abrode secretly and well accompanied The Earle neuerthelesse dissembled and spake kindly to his father-in-law as though he had no such intent at all still wayting for a fit time and place to dispatch him then departing from Areualo hee came to Plaisance where King Henry did lye and was there well and kindly entertayned both by the King the Earle Don Aluaro together with the Countesse his wife There the Arch-bishoppe of Seuille the Earles of Plaisance Benauent and Miranda held a councell for they had discouered how that the Marquis of Villena Master of Saint Iames sought by all meanes to deceiue the King and namely that hee practised with Perucho of Munsarras who was Captaine and Keeper of the Kings Treasures in the Castle of Madrid A practise against the Master of S. Iames to deliuer vp the place and treasure into his hands In this Councell it was concluded that they would all go thither and carrie the King along with them to disappoynt the Marquis of his desseigne The Captaine who had some doubt that they meant to bee ridde of him stood vppon his guard and would let the King come but seldome and with a small company attending vppon him into the fortresse In the meane time the Cleargie of Toledo and their Faction bearing no affection to Don Alphonso The Clergie of Tolâdo deliuer the citty to K. Henry because he was too iust and did looke for greater modestie in them then there was practised among themselues to deliuer vppe the Cittie to King Henry Wherefore they gaue order to Don Pedro de Silua Bishoppe of Badajos who dwelt amongst them to trie if hee could winne or induce Don Pero Lopes d'Ayala Gouernour of the towne who had marryed Donna Maria de Silua his sister to lend a helping hand to their proceedings The Bishop hauing sundrie times with great pollicie conferred with his sister thereupon and shee beeing wholly gouerned and ruled by his councell they two sent Fernand de Riuadeneyra to King Henry not acquainting Don Pero Lopes of Ayala with any matter to aduertise him what they had determined for his seruice and to aduise him for the better effecting of their purpose Meanes deuised by the Bishop of Badaios and his sister to giue the king enârance into Toledo to come secretly to Toledo Now their intent and determination was to bring the King secretly into the towne into the Bishoppes house and then vnder colour of other businesse to send for Don Pero Lopes of Ayala and to cause him to come suddenly into the Kings presence thinking by that meanes to make him easily to graunt whatsoeuer the King would demaund The King leauing the Arch-bishoppe of Seuille the Earles of Plaisance and Benauent in Madrid to looke vnto his Castle and treasure Indiscretion of King Henry came to Toledo where hee entred by night disguised by the gate called Cambron but as hee went toward the Bishoppe of Badajos house who dwelt in the Monasterie of Saint Pedro Martyr of the Order of the Fryars Preachers a seruant of the Marshall Payo de Ribera who was greatly affectionate to the seruice of Don Alphonso knew him and went and told his master of it The Marshall went instantly to find out Don Pero of Ayala and gaue an alarme thorough the towne the people put on armes and came running in a confused manner to enuiron the house and Monasterie where the King did lye who was in great danger and without all doubt hee had beene taken by the mutinous people had not Fernand de Riuadeneyra employed his best indeuours for his safetie and deliuerie Then the Gouernour sent his two sonnes Pero of Ayala VVisedome of the Gouernour Don Pero Ayala and Alphonso de Silua with Peralfan of Ribera sonne to the Marshall Payo to intreat the King to depart the Cittie and to auoyd the present danger assuring him that shortly matters would bee brought to better passe and the Cittie restored vnto him Whereunto the king yeelding most willingly they found meanes about mid-night to put him out of the towne and those three Knights kept him companie awhile vppon the high way to Madrid Now before hee came foorth of his lodging Vnmannerlinesse of Peralfan de Ribera the King who had ridden sixteene miles that day vppon his owne horse intreated Peralfan de Ribera to lend him that which hee rode vppon and to take his which was wearie but hee like an vnciuill and discourteous Knight refused it which the two breethren of Ayala vnderstanding lighted on foote and besought the King to take both their horses one for his owne person and the other for his Page the which he thankfully accepted of then these two brothers went with him out of the towne on foote with Fernand de Riuadeneyra who would not go with him to Madrid but told him that he would tarrie at Toledo where he would liue and dye for his seruice As soone as he was come backe into the cittie the Gouernour Don Pero Lopes of Ayala committed him prisoner in the castle and commanded the Bishop of Badajos to depart out of the cittie within an howers space by these diligent meanes hee like a wise and discreet person did appease the tumultuous Toledans Courtesie fully recompenced Not long after the king sent a graunt to the two brothers of Ayala who had giuen him their horses of a perpetuall pention of three-score thousand Marauidis in recompence of their loue and loyalty towards him When all men had layd downe their weapons and the citie at quiet the Gouernour returned home to his house where he found his wife almost besides her selfe with griefe for that the King hauing come to Toledo by her perswasion had beene so vnreuerently vsed and receyued and constrayned to flie away by night but like a discreete woman shee gathered her spirits together and did in such sort put her husband in mind of his dutie as shee
thousand Florens The King Don Iohn hauing notice of this defeate came by sea with a great army alongst the coast of Ampurias blind as he was who no sooner set foote on land but miraculously he receiued his sight Hauing ioyned his forces with those of the Prince his son he marched couragiously against the French which were in the towne of Denjat who putting no great trust in the place nor yet to the inhabitants thereof they dislodged and withdrew themselues to Perpignan which by reason of engagement was at that time in the possession of king Lewis where the Duke of Calabria hauing left his army returned into France to make new leauies The King of Arragon lodged his armie round about Figuera and there wintered These things were done in Arragon at the same time that the battayle of Olmedo was fought betwixt King Henry of Castile and the Lords of the League aboue-mentioned The Duke of Calabria beeing afterward returned to Perpignan with a fresh supply of ten thousand men obtayned from King Lewis the eleuenth marched foorth with his forces to assayle the enemies King Iohn on the other side departed from Figuera and presented himselfe in order of battaile within two miles neere to the French but it is not knowne vpon what occasion he departed thence to beseege the towne of Peralta where hauing begunne a furious batterie and alreadie made a large and sufficient breach to assayle it the Duke of Calabria came suddenly and vnlooked for vppon him in the night not being heard nor perceyued by the Sentinels which slept Arragonois surprized by the French who cut in peeces the first court of guard that he mette with and entring furiously into the quarters and lodgings of the beseegers he did strike such a terrour amongst them as euery man leauing all that hee had behind him they all betooke themselues to flight in great disorder The King escaped bare-headed gallowping apace towards Figuera neuerthelesse there were some which put themselues in defence by whose valour the artillerie and munition was saued and the French-men beeing retired they held a forme of a seege vntill that the King with greater forces was returned to Peralta the which in the end he tooke The Authors do greatly prayse the valour of a certaine Knight of Guipuscoa named Don Iohn de Gamboa in this nightly skirmish who with his own hand slue three French-men at armes who hauing his horse slayne vnder him in the presse did yet notwithstanding saue himselfe hauing receyued eleuen wounds Lewis of Mudar a Castillan Knight is likewise remembred for his valor in this fight where Scipio Patella the Sicillian mentioned heretofore beeing a wise and valiant Knight was slayne fighting couragiously The French beeing victorious not caring for Peralta returned to the seege of Girona which without any difficulty they tooke After this Duke Iohn of Calabria beeing come to Barcelona to take order for the affaires of the warres was tormented with a burning pestilentiall feauer whereof hee dyed this yeare 1468. to the great griefe of those of Barcelona An. 1468. and extreame trouble of their affaires Now let vs returne to Castille Castile where the Princesse Izabella beeing discontented with the marriage which was treated of betwixt her and the King of Portugall sollicited hereunto by the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo shee came to speake with him at Yepes where by the perswasion of her master-Pantler named Don Guttiere de Cardegna he consented that shee should marry Don Fernand Prince of Girona the eldest sonne of Arragon and heire to the same Crowne who was by the King his father in fauour of that marriage entitled King of Sicill much about the time of the Duke of Calabria's death wherby the affaires of King Iohn beganne to prosper the better for the French hauing lost their head retired themselues to Perpignan by meanes whereof the armie of Arragon had leysure to scoure the coast of Ampurias the Castle of which towne with other places yeelded themselues so did Girona and Don Iohn Ferrier Bishoppe thereof with the Vicount of Cabrera Martorella and soone after Saint Felix Palamos and Vergues with diuers Lords and Prelates who demaunded and obtayned pardon for their rebellion Whilest King Iohn was in the same countrey Don Alphonso of Arragon his Bastard-sonne did greatly molest the Barcelonois forraging their tetritorie with a thousand horse and fiue thousand foot-men At this time the Estate of Nauarre was not very quiet Treaty of marriage betwixt Donna Izabel and Don Fernand for the factions of Grammont and Beaumont raigning in the countrey the Earle Gaston of Foix husband to Donna Leonora heire of the kingdome who did gouerne it perswaded himselfe that hee ought to enioy the kingly title with all other rights and preheminences of the same wherefore strengthening himselfe with the Beaumontois faction whilst his father-in-law King Iohn was busied in the wars of Cattelogne he possest himselfe of diuers strong places of Nauar and newly beseeged Tudele whereof K. Iohn being aduertised vpon the good hap of his affaires in Cattelogne he brought his army thither which was well exercised in the former wars to succor those which took his part but before he came thither Don Lewis seized vppon the Cittie of Pampelona the Inhabitants whereof were for the most part followers of those of Beaumont Diuers histories of small authoritie make mention that this Earle of Lerin made sharp warre not onely vppon the Nauarrois of the other Faction but also vppon the Arragonois running on euen to Iaca and Exea belonging to the Knights hauing for companion in his counsells and enterprises Charles of Artieda hee tooke from the Constable Don Pedro of Peralta the towne of Andosilla and from Don Inigo of Estuniga Earle of Nieua that of Mendauia then hee tooke Artaxona and Olito with many other places and did many other great exploits by reason that hee held the cittie of Pampelona disposing of it as if hee had beene Lord and master At the same time also there was mention made of a famous theefe called Sancho Rota Sancho Rotta a famous tâeef Death of Q. Ioane of Arragon whose retreate was in a mountaine neere to Tudele called las verdenas del Rey who with thirtie horse that hee kept ranne into the country of Arragon bringing from thence great store of pillage vsing all such well as hee tooke prisoners To suppresse the insolencies done as well by him as by the Earle of Lerin the people of Iaca and the Nobility thereabouts made shew of entring into Nauarre but the Earle of Lerin sent a great number of souldiers to meete with them conducted by Charles of Artieda Machin de Gongorra Lord of Ciordia Iohn d'Ayanc and Fernand d'Aranc who meeting with the Arragonois neere to Sanguessa at a certaine bridge vppon the riuer of Arragon they lighted from their horses thinking to fight with greater aduantage on foote and comming to handy-strokes they did hinder the Arragonois passage and
into the Cittie riding vppon a white Courser by Saint Anthonies gate of the same cittie which hee sound vnprouided of all manner of victuals wherewith he caused them presently to bee furnished so as without the aboue-named defeate necessity would haue enforced them to haue yeelded By this peace which happened so opportunely the miseries of Cattalonia were ended which had troubled the whole State of Arragon for the space of tenne yeares He which shewed most prowesse and performed the notablest exploites in this warre was Don Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villa hermosa a Prince worthie of great prayse and high commendation who dyed afterwards in the seruice of his brother King Fernand raigning in Castile D. Alphonso of Arragon his posteritie at a place called Linares leauing his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon heire to his Dutchie of Villa hermosa who was Knight of the Order of Saint Iames and a Daughter called Donna Maria of Arragon who was maaried to the Prince of Salerne Hee had out of wedlocke Don Iohn of Arragon Earle of Luna Captaine of the Castle of Amposta Don Alphonso of Arragon who was Bishop of Tortosa and afterward Arch-bishoppe of Tarragone Don Fernand of Arragon Prior of Saint Iohns of Cattalonia together with Donna Leonora of Arragon wife to the Earle of Albayda This peace was no sooner concluded but the King had newes of a new rumult raised in Nauarre Nauarre whereinto the Princesse his daughter voluntarily had runne herselfe with great danger and many of her seruants lost their liues It happened after this manner Iohn d' Athondo the Kings Auditour of his accounts and Cittizen of Pampelona with Michaell Ollacarizqueta and others of the same cittie seruants to the King and the Princesse and of the Faction of Grammont did vndertake in hatred and disgrace of the contrarie partie of Beaumont who possessed the Cittie of Pampelona to bring the Princesse Donna Leonora into the same Practises of D. Leonora Couatesse of Foix. with troupes of souldiers and to make her peaceable and absolute Ladie thereof they hauing then communicated together about their plot it was thought fit that the Princesse should come in a morning before day to the Iewes gate otherwise called the Tower of the royall gate and the Marshall Don Pedro of Nauarre should make himselfe Master of the two next towers The appoynted time beeing come the Princesse with her attendants found the gate opened by those of Grammont Rashnesse of D. Leonora through the which beeing brought in the Marshall possessed the two Towers with three-score and tenne Gentlemen and on a suddaine they beganne to crie God saue the Princesse God sane the Princesse at this rumour those of Beaumont albeit they were amazed at so vnlooked-for an accident happening in the night ranne to armes and behaued themselues in such sort as they not onely hindred their enemies from further entring into the cittie but enforced the Princesse and her people to get them thence in great hast for the most part of the souldiers which should haue followed her were not yet arriued Hauing recouered the gate they beseeged the Marshall Don Pedro and his souldiers which were in the two towers who at the first would not yeeld but in the end when they sawe the Cannon was readie to play vppon them they were content to parley The Princesse fearing least some euill might happen to the Marshall and those that were beseeged with him sent word to the Cittizens that what was done was by her speciall commaundement and therefore intreated them to do them no hurt At the last they yeelded vppon promise made that they should all depart with their Armes without any harme either in word or deed which notwithstanding they were all taken and shut vp in the Kings prisons of the cittie The Marshall with his followers slayne where soone after they were cruelly and perfidiously stabd to death with daggers and it is reported that the Marshall was slaine by the hands of Philip of Beaumont brother to the Earle of Lerin This act did very much displease the Princesse who commaunded that the same gate should euer after be called the gate of treason or the traytors gate and in some sort to reuenge that wrong they proceeded against the Earle of Lerin and against Don Iohn of Beaumont Prior of Saint Iohns and Chancellor of the Kingdome and against Don Philip and their breethren and Don Iohn Earle of Luza Charles of Artieda and his children Arnold d' Otza the Prouosts and Iurates of Pampelona with others their allyes and complices who by the iudgement and authoritie of the King and his Councell were condemned to death depriuation of honours defamation of their houses and confiscation of their goods as guiltie of high treason The Records of those times taxe the Earle of Lerin saying that hee to the end hee might the better enioy the cittie had driuen thence the Kings and Princesses seruants and had established therein Officers and souldiers such as were at his deuotion contrary to their authoritie whose iurisdiction hee did vsurpe vexing and tyrannizing the Kingdome That by the fauour and ayde of the Earle the Guipuscoans had ouerthrowne the forts of Larraun Lecunberry Leyça and Gorriti and that hee beeing sundrie times sent for by the Princesse to come to the Parliament and Assembly of the Estates of the Kingdome would neuer obey her commaundement That the Earle of Foix hauing sent his children Iohn and Peter of Foix both in his owne name and the Princesse to perswade him to returne to his due obedience hee did reiect their admonishments and derided Pope Pauls commandement in that behalfe the which things full of contumacie and contempt had induced the Princesse to make that attempt Others thinke that her owne extreame ambition and desire to beare rule did more mooue her than any of the Earles misdemeanours which were not lightly to bee esteemed On the other side the Earle of Lerin and his Faction did arraigne and condemne others of their aduerse partie and as for the Marshals death hee excused himselfe saying that he came to seeke him and had done his best to surprise the Cittie and to cut the throates of those of Beaumont who were in the same yet for all that this could not excuse his breach of promise The King afterward recompenced Iohn d' Athondo with a perpetuall rent to him and his heires of sixe-score golden Florens by the yere of the coyne of Arragon and besides that did permit him to beare in a quarter of his coate the royall of Armes of Nauarre To Michael Ollacarizqueta was likewise giuen other rewards This sedition happened in Pampelona about the end of the yeare one thousand foure hundred seuenty one Concerning the affaires of Castile Castile about the time that Toledo and other Citties of the Kingdome did reuolt the which wee lately mentioned Donna Maria of Portocarrero wife to Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena and Master of Saint
law and there they made a league and confederacy together afterward they began to sollicite the King to put the Princesse his sister forth of Segobia wherevnto being bewitched by the Maister hee consented but his councell therein was diuided The Princesse the better to order her affaires was of opinion to cause the Prince her husband to come to the castle of Segobia thinking by his presence the King would be sooner brought to reason Prince Fernand comes to Segobia and all matters concluded with more facility The Prince beeing come the King saw him and receiued him with a cheerefull countenance and they rode togither on horse-backe thorough the city to the great contentment of the people and likewise of the Courtiers though not of all The great Maister Andrew de Cabrera made them a Royall banquet in the Bishops house Priuiledge of the Earles of Ribadeo at which the Earle of Ribadeo by priuiledge from his ancestors did eate at the King and the Princes table The feast being ended with store of musike and other delights the King grew sicke and complained of his side and was carried into his lodging where after a while hee recouered but not without hauing certaine relicks of rheume fluxes of bloud by vrine with vomitings and other such like mortall accidents The Princes did hourely visit him and caused others to solicite him to declare the Princesse his sister heire to the Kingdomes wherevpon there passed diuerse strang and bitter words betwixt those which mannaged this businesse on either side but nothing being concluded the Princesse resolued not to leaue Segobia The Maister of Saint Iames was aduertized of all that passed by the King himselfe who went about on a night to put certaine companies of souldiars into the city who should seize vpon certaine Towres Churches and Houses to the end to giue entrance to him and other greater troupes with which forces he would take the Princes and Andrew de Cabrera prisoners The Maister had as bad successe in this plot as in the former for God who had predestinated the Princes Fernand and Isabella to reigne in Spaine suffered this practize to be discouered by meanes whereof the daunger was preuented the Princesse stood vpon her gard and the Prince retired himself in time and went into Arragon whether he was called by warres and troubles which there happened King Iohn of Arragon his father was in his old age oppressed with crosses as well in Nauarre Nauarre and Arragon by the seditions of his subiects as on the frontiers of France and County of Rossillon In Nauarre soone after that the Princesse Donna Leonora failed in her enterprise of taking Pampelona Death of Gaston de Foix. her husband the Earle Gaston of Foix returning out of France into Nauarre fell sicke and died at a place called Roncevaux in the yeere 1472. leauing heire of his Lands and Lordships of Bearn and Foix his sonnes sonne Francis Phaebus a child of the age of fiue yeeres who remayning vnder the gouernment of his mother Donna Magdalen of France and of the Princesse Donna Leonora his grand-mother was likewise after her death heire to the Kingdome of Nauarre Donna Leonoraes titles were then Titles of D. Leonor of Nauar Princesse heire of Nauarre Infanta of Arragon and Sicill and Lieutenant Generall for the King her Lord and father in the said Kingdome of Nauarre After the decease of Gaston Earle of Foix this Princesse making her aboade in the city of Tafalla called there a Parliament to the which the great Lords came and especially the chiefe of the faction of Grammont and Beaumont who inflamed with enuy were still desirous to ruine one an other It happened as it is easie amongst those that are of troblesome and enuious dispositions that diuerse bitter speeches passed betwixt the Earle of Lerin and the Constable of Nauarre Pedro de Peralta which caused great contention into the which quarrell Nicholas de Echauarri Bishop of Pampelona did so farre enter as the Constable thinking himselfe greatly iniured by him threatned him that it should cost him his life This Bishop was suspected to bee more familliar with the Princesse Donna Leonora then honesty required Suspition of loue betwixt the Princesse D. Leonora and the Bishop of Pampelâna which caused him to be hated of diuerse men who were iealous of their Princesse honour taking it more heinously at his hands who was a prelat and ought to giue good example then if it had beene any other The Bishop after this threatning beeing fearefull would by no meanes come forth of his house The Princesse either desirous to pacifie this quarrell or else not able to endure him long out of her sight sent diuerse messengers to him to bring him vnto her to the Monastery of Saint Sebastian of the Order of Saint Francis at Tafalla where shee accomplished a nine daies vowes which shee had made for shee vsed great deuotion to those fathers and bestowed many benifits vpon them but the Bishop still fearing to bee met with by the way prayed her for to excuse him At the last shee sent vnto him one of her familliar friends called Fernand de Baquedan with an other Knight named Sir Hughe The Bishop of Pampelonâ slaine by the Constable who promised to conduct him safely thether wherevpon hee mounted on his Mule and rode in their company towards Tafalla whereof the Constable beeing aduertized hee was so farre transported with rage as leaping on horse-backe hee met with the Bishop on the way and slew him hard by the gates of Tafalla not respecting or regarding the Princesses word nor yet his Episcopall dignity for the which inhumane fact he remained diuerse monthes together excommunicate This mans death did greatly offend diuerse both in Nauarre and in King Iohn of Arragons Court but especially the Princesse Don Alphonso Carillo a Spaniard was promoted to that dignity in his sted being in number the fortith Bishop of that Sea On the other side King Iohn beeing then threescore and tenne yeeres of age was ingaged in a tedious quarrell with the French vpon this occasion The Earledome of Rossillan was ingaged vnto King Lewis the eleuenth for the summe of three hundred thousand crownes who kept therein Gouernors and Officers which did oppresse the people and committed diuerse insupportable outrages where the inhabitants daily complained The Earledome of Rossillou originaâl of all the wars betwixt France and Spaine in our daies requesting their King to protect them wherewith the Frenchmen were displeased in regard whereof King Lewis sent Ambassadors to King Iohn who sommoned him to make paiment of the three hundred thousand crownes and to receiue his Earledome or else to appropriat it vnto him for the same summe or if hee were not pleased with these two motions that then hee should giue him suerties in France for the payment of the money at a certaine time This did greatly trouble King Iohn neuerthelesse with great modesty hee made answere
sudden sicknesse fifteene dayes after she was crowned in the same citie of Tudela she was buried in the couent of S. Sebastian of the Order of S. Francis neere to the citty of Tafalla which was since ruined by the commandement of Cardinall Francisco Ximeenes Archbishoppe of Toledo and Gouernour of Castile who thought that the strong building of that Monasterie was no good neighbour to such a towne Albeit we haue alreadie in the precedent booke spoken of this Princesses children yet wee will somewhat more amply enlarge the discourse thereof in this place Genealogie of Nauarre Their eldest sonne was Gaston who bearing the title of Prince of Viana was married to Donna Magdalene of France and dyed at Libourne beeing misfortunately hurt with the splinter of a Launce as hee there ranue at Tilt hee was father of two children that is to say Francis Phoebus and Katherine who were King and Queene of Nauarre and Earles of Foix successiuely the one after the other Their second sonne was Iohn who had the Vicounty of Narbonne for his portion purchased by his father for readie money and married Marie who was daughter to Lewis Duke of Orleance who was French king and the twelfth of that name Paradin sayes more truly that she was daughter to Charles Duke of Orleance of whome were borne Gaston of Foix Duke of Nemours who dyed in the battaile of Rauenna and Germaine who was second wife to Fernand the Catholicke King and after that shee was secondly married to Fernand of Arragon Duke of Calabria lawfull son to Fredericke king of Naples who dyed being Viceroy of Valencia This Iohn Vicount of Narbone was Gouernour of Daulphiné and afterwards of Guyenne a hardie and valiant Knight renowned in the warres against the English and in those of Italy whither hee went with King Charles the eighth in great credite and authoritie and afterwards dyed in the raigne of King Lewis the twelfth at Estampes where he lies buried The third sonne of Earle Gaston and Donna Leonora was Peter borne at Pau in the countrey of Bearne the yeare one thousand foure hundred forty nine who gaue himselfe to studie and did choose an ecclesiasticall life vnder the gouernement of his great Vncle the Cardinall of Foix Bishoppe of Lescar and the Popes Legate in Daulphiné and Prouence after whose death hauing profited at the Vniuersities of Tholousa Pauia and Ferrara in the ciuill and canon Lawes hee was also by Pope Sixtus the fourth made Cardinall of the title of Saint Cosmo and Damian beeing before Bishop of Vannes and prouided of many rich Benefices by the fauour of Francis Duke of Brittaine his brother-in law who had married his sister Ladie Margaret of Foix mother to Queene Anne The fourth sonne of the Earle of Foix and of Donna Leonora was called Iames hee onely of all their children was borne in Nauarre and was a Knight highly esteemed and honoured by King Lewis the twelfth with the Order of Saint Michaell and with the leading of an hundred men at armes in the warres of Lombardie and elsewhere he purchased the commendation of a valiant and wise Captaine but hee dyed young hauing not attayned to the age of thirtie yeares and was neuer married Hee left certaine base children who professed an ecclesiasticall life and did possesse rich benefices euen till the later dayes of King Francis the first Besides these foure sonnes Earle Gaston and Donna Leonora had fiue daughters the first whose name was Mary was married to William Marquis of Montferrat who by the Popes authoritie erected the church of Casall into a Bishops Sea this Ladie was brought to her husband the yeare one thousand foure hundred sixtie sixe by her brother Peter of Foix by Bernard the Bastard of Foix Godfrey Basileac Bishoppe of Riues by the Bishop of Conserans and Peter of Sobreuille and by diuers other Lords and Knights Of this marriage no male children were borne but daughters onely the eldest of whom was married to Lewis sonne to Thomas Marquis of Salusses and these daughters did not succeed their father in the Marquisat but a brother of his Ioane second daughter of Earle Gaston and Donna Leonora was married to the Earle of Armagnac sonne to him who was slaine by the commaundement of King Lewis the eleuenth with which marriage the King beeing displeased the Earle was so persecuted as hee was constrained to flie for safetie into Castile where trusting to the faire speeches oathes and promises of the Cardinall of Albi the French Kings Ambassadour in the sayd kingdome beeing returned into France hee was there cruelly stabbed to death with daggers Whereuppon his wife Donna Ioane of Foix returned into Bearne hauing had no children by him The third daughter was Marguerite wife to Francis the last Duke of Brittaine by whome hee had two daughters Anne and Izabella Izabella dyed young but Anne was married to two French Kings successiuely Charles the eighth and Lewis the twelfth by Lewis she had two daughters Claude and Rene Claude who was first promised to Charles who was since king of Spain and afterwards Emperor the fifth of that name did marrie Francis of Valois then duke of Angoulesme and afterwards French king first of that name Rene was married to Hercules of Este duke of Ferrara the Earle Gaston and his wife D. Leonora had besides these Catherine married to the Earle of Candale and mother of 3. children the eldest of whome was Lord of Candale the second Arch-bishoppe of Bourdeaux and the third who was a daughter named Anne Queene of Hungarie and Bohemia wife to Vladislaus son to Casimir King of Polonia This Vladislaus first king of Bohemia had before married Donna Beatrix of Arragon widdow to King Mathias of Hungarie for whose sake the Hungarians chose him for their King but he was diuorced from her in regard of her loose life and afterwards maried this Ladie Anne of Foix who was brought to her husband thorough the Dutchie of Milan at that time possessed by the French and by the cittie of Venice the great friend and ally of this King Leonardo Lauredan being at that time Duke thereof Of this marriage was borne Lewis who succeeded his father in the kingdomes of Bohemia and Hongarie husband to Queene Marie of Castile who was sister to the Emperour Charles and a daughter named Anne married to Ferdinand of Austria afterwards Emperour and Brother to Charles and by her king of Bohemia and Hungarie after the death of his father-in-law King Lewis of the which Fernand and Anne the Emperour Maximilian was borne and many other children the fifth daughter of Earle Gaston and Donna Leonora of Nauarre dyed vnmarried beeing onely promised to the Duke of Medina Celi issued from the same house of Foix and was called after her mothers name Leonora This house of Foix and Nauar hath brought foorth this of spring of great and illustrious Princes giuing to Christendome at one time foure Queenes who were cousin-germaines namely Catherine Queene of Nauar Germaine
if Don Ramir Nugnes had done any thing for the recouery of his honour it was not a fault that did deserue to haue him spoiled of his patrimony and goods left him by his predecessors therefore he besought the Queene to proceed in this businesse by order of law and if that Don Ramir should be found guilty Quarrell betweene D. Ramâr Nugnes de Guzman and D. Frederike Henriques then to punish him with these speeches they entertained La Font and gained time to the end that Don Ramir might haue leasure to fortifie himselfe Whilest La Font went to the Court the souldiars did much hurt in the country neere to Torall and prouoked the Inhabitants and souldiars which were within the towne to come forth and skirmish with them albeit that Don Pedro de Guzman with-held them from so doing as much as in him lay for hee would not giue that aduantage to Don Ramires aduersaries to say that those of Torall had fought against the Queenes forces who commaunded Alphonso de Quintanilla to vse all fit meanes that hee could to take the towne and castle of Torall Alphonso hauing demaunded to speake with Don Pedro de Guzman and Pero Nugnes his Nephew acquainted them with the Queenes resolution exhorting them not to delay the time till they brought the canon they answered that they would in no sort shew themselues rebellious to the Queenes commaundement but they onely entreated that Don Ramir might be proceeded against by the ordinary meanes of Iustice which beeing graunted they were ready not onely to yeeld vp Torall but the castle of Auiados in like manner and namely if need required to put Don Ramirs person into the hands of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in hostage or to Don Gomes Suares de Figueroa Earle of Feria the which was agreed vpon betwixt them and signed by a Notarie and a truce made betwixt the beseegers and beseeged whilest that Alphonso de Quintillana might goe and come from the Court That Queene was at the same time gone to Cordoua wherefore Alphonso being come to Valiodolit and hauing conferred with the Admirall sent the dispatch to Cordoua to the Queene who appointed for depositor of D. Ramirs lands and person the Earle of Feria who had married D. Constance D. Ramirs Aunt the Earle accepted it vpon condition that he should be aduertized fiue and twenty daies before the sentence should bee pronounced and that the Kings should promise him by writing not to demaund Don Ramirs person during the time of the processe for he would assure him whilest he was in his power On the other side Don Ramir sent to the King of Portugall to know whether that if it should happen that a sentence should be pronounced against him which might touch his life and honour hee would permit him to come into his Kingdome and Court in safety These things being graunted Don Ramir was brought to the castle of the towne of Feria for greater surety and there kept in prison vntill his processe was ready to be iudged and then the Kings according to their promise did aduertize the Earle of Feria thereof at the appointed time who sent Don Ramir well accompanied into Portugall where King Iohn the second of that name did then reigne who entertained him very curteously as shal be hereafter declared Queene Isabella as hath beene said made a voyage into Arragon The States of Arragon sweare to Prince Iohn and carried thither with her her husband Iohn Prince of the Asturia's and was receiued into the city of Calatajub with great and magnificent triumph whether the King came not long after who at the same time was at Barcelona with the Lords and Deputies of the States of Arragon by whom Prince Iohn was likewise sworne vnto and acknowledged for Prince of Girona heire vnto Castile and Arragon and true successor in these Kingdomes the Kings in like manner did sweare and promise to maintaine the rights priuiledges and exemptions of the country That being done they went to Saragossa where they made as triumphant an entry as at Calatajub Thither was newes brought of the death of the great Turke Mahumet of the succession of his sonne Bajazet in that Empire and of the discord betwixt him and his brother Zemin and also how that King Fernand of Naples had recouered the towne of Ottranto which Acomat Bascia had taken from him the yeere before For all which desired newes the Kings yeelded thankes vnto God by generall processions after the accustomed manner Estates at Barcelona and Valencia The Kings did in like manner assemble the Estates at Barcelona and Valencia where the like othes were made vnto Prince Iohn as next future heire but touching the subsidies they demaunded it was impossible to obtaine any and they were faine on the contrary to grant many things to the people and in diuerse sorts to supply their wants being but poore euer since the last warre that the Cattelans made against the King Don Iohn Don Iohn the second of that name and 13. King of Portugall ABout the same time died Alphonso King of Portugall at Sintra who since the last warres betwixt him and Castile Portugal had euer led a melancholy and discontented life he lay sicke fiue and twenty daies and deceased the three and fortith yeere of his reigne being of the age of nine and forty yeeres and seuen monthes his body was buried with great solemnitie and funerall pompe in the royall Monastery of the battaile of the Order of the Friers preachers the Catholike Kings remayning still at Barcelona did there celebrate his obsequies After him reigned his sonne D. Iohn father to D. Alphonso who did not succeed him because he died before his father as hereafter shal be mentioned King Fernand hauing ordered the affaires of Arragon Castile Cattalonia and Valencia returned with the Queene his wife into Castile where during her absence the Constable and the Admirall were appointed Viceroys who committed the Earles of Luna and Valence to prison in regard of certaine tumults and seditions which they had raised in the Kingdome of Leon. The Court remayning at that time at Medina del Campo happened as hath beene heretofore declared the reuenge of D. Ramir Nugnes de Guzman against the Admirall There arose at the same time a new contention betwixt the Kings of Castile and the Pope wherein they shewed no want of courage The Episcopall Sea of Cuença was vacant by the decease of the Bishop Pope Sixtus gaue it to a Nephew of his borne in Genoa Cardinall of the title of Saint George without the knowledge or consent of the Kings who being highly displeased that the Bishoprikes and great benifices of Spaine should be possessed by strangers against the ancient decrees of the Estates of the Kingdome obserued from time to time did hinder this Cardinall from taking possession of the Bishoprike and gaue the Pope to vnderstand how preiudiciall it might be to the Realmes of Spaine whereof the Pope making
no account and continuing in his former purpose the Kings commanded all their subiects that were in the Court of Rome to depart from thence and made protestations to the Pope that they would procure a generall Councell to bee called to redresse these and other such like disorders The Pope who abhorred that more then any thing in t the world Generall counsels abhorred by the Popes sent a Gentleman of Genoa whose name was Dominico Centurion for his Ambassador into Spaine who being come to Medina del Campo and crauing audience it was refused him and he was told from the Kings that because their Ambassadors were euill intreated and contemned at Rome they would not entertaine nor harken to the Popes therefore he should doe well and wisely speedily to depart from thence and concerning his owne person they would no farther assure it in their dominions then whilest he could returne towards Italy The Ambassador being amazed at this commandement did forthwith reiect the name and priuiledge of an Ambassador and besought them to hold him as their subiect for he was borne in their Kingdome The Kings in regard of this humillity committed him prisoner to the fort of Medina from whence soone after he was deliuered by the meanes of the Cardinall of Spaine When the Pope vnderstood what the Kings had done hee was content to let them enioy their antient rights and they made couenants and agreements together Couenants betwixt the Pope and the King of Spaine by the which it was decreed that the Kings of Spaines presentations to the Bishoprikes should from thence-forth bee admitted in the Court of Rome and they should be bestowed vpon such as had well deserued of the Spanish common-wealth and by this meanes it hath beene oftentimes seene that diuers good religious persons haue beene against their willes constrained to become Bishops as Don Pedro de Maluenda generall of the Order of Saint Ierosme who was enforced to take the Bishoprike of Coria and Doctor Don Tello de Buendia that of Cordoua Before we end this booke it shall not be amisse to returne to Nauarre where wee left the Cardinall of Foix Nauarre and his brother Iames of Foix much busied to ouer-rule the chiefe of the factions in that Kingdome They hauing had an answere of the States such as they desired and ordered the affaires of the country as well as they could came backe into Arragon before King Fernand went thence with whom hauing consulted they concluded that it was expedient that King Francis Phoebus should come into his Kingdome and enter it in armes and military Order as soone as conueniently he could before the peoples mindes and affections should be changed by any occasion that might happen wherefore as soone as they were returned into France they declared to the King and to Donna Magdaleine his mother what they had effected as well in Nauarre as in Arragon signifying vnto them that the chiefest hope consisted in in dilligence wherefore they sodainely assembled their friends and seruants from all partes and gathered togither a thousand or fifteene hundred horse and like number of footmen with which forces this young Prince accompanied with his mother and the Cardinall his vncle entred into Nauarre King Francis Phoebus entreth into his Realme of Nauarre where hee was receiued by the Nobillity and townes without any difficulty or resistance at all namely the Earle of Lerin albeit he was not pleased with his comming did deliuer vp the city of Pampelona vnto him considering that if he should doe otherwise the young King had the King of Castile on one side and the French King on the other mighty Princes and his neere kinsmen who would constraine him to doe his duty King Francis Phoebus in the month of Nouember the yeere 1482. made his entrie into the City where the three Estates were assembled he was there crowned and did giue and receiue the othes of fidelitie and good gouernment in the Cathedrall Church after accustomed manner in the presence of the Cardinall his vncle the Lords of his Kingdome the Princesse his mother accompanied with Ladies and Gentlewomen and by the Ambassadors of Castile France and from âother potentates being at that time not aboue fifteene yeeres of age and the same day and many daies after tilts turneys and other royall feasts were there made in magnificent manner These matters being ended he went in person to visit the townes cities and fortresses as well to see the manner of the gouernment of the country as to receiue the particular othes of the captaines and gouernors to see iustice administred and to marke how firme and constant euery one was in his seruice Rules and orders for the âranquillity of the Kingdome of Nauarre and the better to prouide for the publike peace and quiet he commanded proclamation to be made by sound of trumpet both in his owne Court and ouer the whole Kingdome that no man vpon paine of death should any more vse the seditious names of Beaumont and Grammont And the more to gratifie the Earle of Lerin and to binde him more strictly to his seruice hee confirmed the office of high Constable vnto him which Peter de Peralta deceased had held in time before and gaue him moreouer Sarraga and other places which he had won from the Spaniards Viana excepted because it was the chiefe of the principallity and the title of the eldest sonne of Nauarre In the Cathedrall Church where hee was crowned he gaue guifts and graunted priuiledges namely to be free from lodging the letters whereof were dated at Tafalla in the month of Ianuary the same yeere he did gratifie in like manner other Lords Knights Churches Townes and particular persons with such moderation and equity as all men did admire so great wisdome in such young yeeres and did praise God that had giuen so good a King vnto Nauarre Titles of Lady Magdaleine of France In all which matters he was ruled by the wisdome of the Princesse his mother of the Cardinall his vncle and other persons of State and experience which were in his Court and neere his person Whilest in his nonage his mother the Princesse did gouerne the Kingdome shee vsed these titles in her letters We Magdalene daughter and sister to the French King Princesse of Viana gouernor and protectresse of our deere and best beloued sonne Francis Phoebus by the grace of God King of Nauarre c. This Prince was surnamed Phoebus because he was faire as the sunne among the starres and also in regard diuers of his race were of the same name Diuers marriages were procured for him but none was accomplished for he died fifteene monthes after he was crowned hauing but shewed himselfe to the world and sodainely vanished in the prime of his youth King Fernand his great vncle would haue married him to his second daughter Donna Ioane who was since heire to all his Kingdomes but the Princesse his mother following the counsell of
same night he called Don Manuell her other sonne into her presence who was more wise and discreet then his brother vnto whom hauing told the Dukes death and the causes wherefore he died hee gaue all that his brother did possesse and more and conferring with him with a fatherly affection hee promised to cause him to be sworne and acknowledged for Prince and heire to the crowne of Portugall after his death and Don Alphonso his sonne but hee would not permit him to name himselfe Duke of Viseo as his brother had done but Duke of Beja Lord of Viseo and Maister of the Order de Christus and hee made him Lord of the Isle of Madera and gaue him other lands The Duke was at the same time onely seauenteene yeeres of age A Spheare vpon the armes of Portugall and the King gaue him a Sphere for a diuise to beare in his armes the which the Kings of Portugall doe yet at this day beare in their armes and royall scutcheon the same was a lucky presage vnto him of the conquests and discoueries which were afterward made in his reigne and name vnder both the Poles the same was likewise fore-told by the Bishop of La Garde a great Mathematicien in regard of his Horoscope and position of the heauens at his Natiuity being in the yeere 1468. albeit that such iudgments are deceiuable and vnlawfull for the actions of Kings and the euents of all other matters depend vpon Gods onely Ordonance Now when the confederates vnderstood of the Duke of Viseos death and that their practizes were discouered each of them thought to saue one but all of them were not quicke enough for Don Pedro d' Albuquerque was taken as he fled towards Lisbone and Don Pedro d'Atayde at Saint Iren who were brought to the Court The like happened to the Bishop of Ebora and to Don Fernand de Meneses his brother and to Don Gutierre Coutino As for D' Aluaro D'Atayde who remained at Saint Iren accompanied with men at armes attending the successe of their businesse meaning to haue taken Donna Ioane surnamed the Excellent who was a Nunne from the Monastery of Saint Clare at Coimbra and to haue lodged her in the castle he fled away into Spaine and so did Don Lopes d'Albuquerque Earle of Pennamaçor with all his family D. Fernand de Silueyra hauing beene hidden by one of his father seruants A Seruants faithfulnesse who neither for grieuous threatnings nor for promises of reward from the King could euer be drawne to disclose him did likewise escape and fled into Spaine The King to iustifie the Duke of Viseos death and to giue notice thereof to all men caused his processe to be made after that he had slaine him and condemned the rest D. Fernand de Menses and D. Pedro were beheaded and quartered as traitors As for D. Guttiere Coutino he was committed to the tower of Auis The Duke of Viseos complices and conseâderates are executed for D. Vasco his brother who had reuealed much of the conspiracy to the King did a while prolong his life neuerthelesse hee did not escape nor is it certainely knowne how he died D. Garcia de Meneses Bishop of Ebora beeing prisoner in the castle of Palmela was found dead vpon the cesterne of the said fort and there is great presumption that his daies were violently shortned At the same time the Kings of Castile were at Siuill where receiuing newes that the conspiracy was discouered and imagining that the Duke of Viseo should bee committed to prison and that King Iohn would not haue proceeded against him so indiscreetly they hauing no notice of his sodaine death did send D. Inigo Manriques Bishop of Leon and Gaspar Fabro a Knight of Arragon Ambassadors into Portugall with instruction to entreate the King to saue the Duke of Viseos life if he were yet liuing and if he were dead to comfort the Dutchesse his mother who had beene the cause of the peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall The Ambassadors perceiuing the Duke of Viseo to bee dead did their best to comfort the sorrowfull mother and so returned into Spaine without speaking to King Iohn who neuer ceassed to pursue Don Fernand de Silueyra vntill hee had driuen him out of Spaine He was afterward slaine in Auignon by an Earle of Cattalonia who was likewise banished from his country but the French King had like to haue taken his head from his shoulders in requitall of his paines This Earle was afterward liberally rewarded by king Iohn for that he had rid him of an enemy The Earle of Pegnamaçor died in Castile D. Aluaro of Atayde liued a banished man during the life of King Iohn and in King Manuels time returned into Portugall By these seuerities King Iohn was feared of all his subiects in regard he had not spared those two great Lords who were of the greatest parentage in Portugall The yere 1485. the commons of Castile sent their Deputies and Commissioners to Orgas where D. Alphonso of Arragon An. 1485. Duke of Villahermosa lay Castile who was captaine generall of their Hermandades or brotherhoods and with him D. Alphonso de Burgos Bishop of Cuenca president of the royall Councel and Alphonso de Quintanilla who hauing propounded the great costs and charges which the Kings were at in following the Moorish wars did demaÌd a subsidy the which was very readily graated in regard they did see that it should be emploied in matters so worthy and proffitable for the commonwealth The Gouernors and captaines on the frontiers of Andaluzia would lose no fit occasion that might anoy the Moores who did all of them in a manner follow King Muley Albohacen Moores and had almost restored him to all his lands in Granado reuolting from Mahumet the Little because he had beene aided by Christian Kings so that they left him no other place of retreat but only the city of Almery from whence hee made cruell warre vpon the Moores which tooke his fathers part they meaning altogether to despoyle him of all rule and gouernment in Granado and perceiuing King Muley Albohacen to bee already old and vnfit for warre did elect a brother of his one of King Ismaels sonnes for their gouernour in Granado who was likewise called Muley Boabdalin who thinking it most necessary for the establishing of his Kingdome to ridde his Nephew Mahomet out of the world hee had secret intelligences with the chiefe men of his faction which were neere in credit about his person in Almery whom he induced by promises to deliuer their Prince and City into his hands at a certaine time appointed before which place Muley Boabdellin shewing himselfe they failed not to open him the gates they let him in vpon such a sodain as Mahumet hardly escaped with life but God gaue him meanes to escape leauing a young brother of his behinde him who was cruelly murthered by his enemies after the taking of which towne Muley Boabdellin openly and without
attended the affaires of his kingdome but his minde was aboue all other matters set on this nauigation the which hee did set downe according to the opinions which hee had receiued from diuerse places which did confirme and verifie the discourse which Pedro de Cobanilla had sent him who remained in Prester Iohns Countrey Emperour of Aethiopia from whence there arriued at Lisbone a little before the Kings death a learned and discreete Monke who informed the king more particularly of diuers matters which serued afterwards to great purpose Now king Iohn feeling himselfe neere his end made his Will and hauing no lawfull children hee knew that the kingdome was to fall to Don Manuell Duke of Beja Hee was therefore desirous to giue Don George his base sonne a portion vnto whome hee gaue the Cittie of Coimbra with the title of Duke and Montmajor the old and the lands of the Infantasgo in the same forme as his Grandfather the Infant Don Pedro father to Queen Izabella his mother had possessed them hee gaue him moreouer the Isle of Madera Beja and Viseo which was not performed afterward This will and Testament was signed by Don Manuel and D. George and by fiue other personages of great place who made vp the number of seuen witnesses After this hee went into Algarbe to the Bathes of Monchiz in the moneth of October the season beeing cold and vnfit for his disease and hunting the wild Bore vppon a wet rainie day hee got a fluxe Wherefore as soone as he came to Albor assured tokens of death beganne to appeare vpon him wherof he was admonished by D. Diego Ortiz Bishop of Tanger and Don Diego Almeyda Prior of Saint Iohns who was Gouernour to Don George then disposing himselfe to dye hee appoynted certaine things out of a little Booke to be read and accomplished at such time as he was readie to giue vp the ghost First hee craued pardon of the Dutchesse Donna Beatrix his mother-in-law of Queene Leonora his wife and of the Cardinal Don George of Acosta who then was at Rome he likewise craued pardon of the whole Estates of his Kingdome in generall And to the end that his sonne Don George should not grieue and trouble his mind hee caused him to bee ledde foorth of his chamber and there stood round about his bed Don George of Almeyda Bishop of Coimbra and his brother Don Diego of Almeyda Prior of Saint Iohns Don Iohn de Silua Bishop of Silues Don Diego Ortiz Bishop of Tanger and Don Iohn de Vasconcellos Earle of Penela with certaine Chaplens who exhorted him for his soules health In this manner this King died hauing held the scepter of Portugall foureteene yeares and two moneths in the yeare 1495. and in the sixe and fortieth of his age Death of king Iohn of Portugal his bodie by his owne appointment was layd in the Cathedrall church of Silues and was afterwards transported by the commaundement of the King his successor to the Monasterie of Battaile 1495. beeing the last king that was buried there and it is reported that yet to this day his bodie lyes whole and vnconsumed He was an excellent King and esteemed to be so by the other Princes of Christendome Returning to the affaires of Castile King Ferdinand and Queene Izabella departing from Tordesillas Castile went to Areualo to visite the old Queene Izabella mother to Queene Izabella then raigning from whence they came to Segouia and afterward to Madrid where by the aduice of their Councell it was decreed that the king should take the Master-ship of Alcantara into his owne hands as well as those of Saint Iames and Calatraua for to be perpetuall Administrator thereof and to the end that there might bee no more masters in Castile then the King and Queene the which was approued by authoritie Apostolicall Don Iohn of Estuniga beeing bereft of his Mastership was otherwaies recompenced This yeare also the new Chancerie and royall audience at Cité reall was erected for pleas and causes depending beyond Tayo this riuer separating the bounds of the two Chanceries namely of this and of that at Vailiodolit from this Spring in the mountaine of Cuenca where it enters into the lands of Portugall Don Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Catania and afterwards of Auilla was the first President thereof Now the King and Queene had sent some few dayes before Antonio Fonseca Ambassadour to the French king Charles the eight to the end to diuer him from the warre of Naples enterprized against King Alphonso their Newphew and to declare plainely to him now that they had gotten the Earledome of Rossillon their meaning And king Charles beeing alreadie come into Italy with a mightie armie the Ambassadour metre him at Vilitri neere to Rome where he deliuered his Ambassage and did protest notwithstanding the agreement and promises made at the restitution of the Earledome of Rossillon that if he did persist to poursue by armes his pretended right to the kingdome of Naples king Fernand his master could do no lesse then shew himselfe his enemie and take vpon him his Nephewes defence and therefore he entreated him to thinke of it and to referre all their differences to the Popes iudgement who could very well iudge whither the kingdome of Naples did belong to the French or to the Arragonois The Ambassador wold haue sayd more but he was interrupted in his speech by certain hotte and fierie French Lords who made him hold his peace and told him that he spake too arrogantly and impertinently Peace betwixt Fâance and Castile broken therefore the Ambassador following his instruction tooke the Articles of the last agreement betwixt King Charles and King Ferdinand which he brought with him and tare them in peeces in the presence of the King Lords and Knights of his Armie and hee warned at the same instant Charles de Areillan and Iohn Petit Ceruillon Spanish Captaines who serued in King Charles his Armie that as subiects to King Ferdinand they should depart thence within three dayes and giue ouer the French Kings seruice on paine of being held rebels to their Prince From the same time was the friendship betwixt those two Kings broken and warre in a manner denounced King Charles pursued his destenie and without any difficulty made himselfe maister of the Realme of Naples King Alphonso before hee had fully raigned a yeare hauing giuen ouer the kingdome to his sonne Ferdinand went into Sicill and there ledde a monastick life but not long after the Kings of Castile beeing at Tortosa in Cattalonia did openly and by effect declare themselues enemies to the French as well for feare least they being already Maisters of Naples should seaze vpon Sicill where they pretended like right as also at the entreaty of Pope Alexander and other Potentates of Italy being in the same feare of their owne estates and would not permit the power of the French to grow so great in Italy therefore they set forth a Nauie of
Galleys and other ships with fiue thousand Spanish footmen and sixe hundred horse vnder the conduct of Gonçalo Hernandes of Cordoua the which forces departing from Carthagena arriued safely in the Porte of Messina this yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety and fiue making a shew as if they would haue succoured the new King Ferdinand driuen from Naples These troopes of Spaniards among other memorable matters brought the great Pockes into Italy The Great Pocks in Italy wherewith they of the countrey were soone possessed and did communicate it to the French men which were scattered heere and there in the kingdome of Naples and they afterward brought it on this side the Mounts and did distribute it to their neighbour nations so as this disease beeing indeed of India was called the Spanish Neapolitan and French disease according to the next subiect where it was discouered and from whence the contagion was perceiued to come About the same time in the Citty of Guadalajara dyed Don Pero Gonçales de Mendoza Cardinall Death of the Cardinall Don Pero Gonsall de Mendosa and Primat of Spaine and Gotike France Archbishop of Toledo Patriarke of Alexandria and Bishop of Siguença such were his titles who beeing visited in his sicknesse by the Kings and being demanded whom hee thought worthy to succeed him in the Archbishoprick of Toledo hee named Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros the Queenes Confessor Prouinciall of the order of Saint Francis in the Prouince of Toledo This Cardinall had a singular affection to holy Crosse who besides that it was his hap to haue the holy Crosse in Ierusalem for the title of his Cardinalship hee builded a Colledge at Valiodolit and an hospitall at Toledo neere the place of Codebecer called Holy Crosse Pilats original title set on the crosse of our Sauiour kept for a relicâ in Rome hee re-edified the Church of Santa Cruz at Rome where they say the originall title written by Pilate on our Sauiours Crosse in Greeke Hebrew and Latin was found in an vnfitte place the which remaines as a famous relique in that Church Besides it is reported that beeing neere his end a great white Crosse of more then forty Cubits length appeared ouer the house where he lay sick which beeing reported to him he did reioyce and hauing caused a Masse of the Holy Crosse to be said hee gaue vp the ghost these things are written for wonders by the Spaniards his body lies buried in the chiefe chappell of the Church of Toledo in a sumptuous Marble monument As concerning Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros his successor in the Archbishoprick of Toledo hee was sonne to a solicitor of causes in the towne of Tordelaguna called Alphonso Ximenes his first rising was to the Arch-priesthood of Vzeda and hee was great Chaplaine of Siguença and the lxxi in the order of the Archbishops and hee was afterward created Cardinall by Pope Alexander the sixt of the title of Saint Balbine but D. Bernardin de Caruajall Bishop of Carthagena was preferred before him to the dignity of a Cardinall by the title of Santa Cruz in Ierusalem and was likewise admitted to the Bishoprick of Siguença vacant by the Cardinals death and at the last obtained that of Playsance Frier Diego de Deça of the order of Friers Preachers Schoole-maister to Prince Iohn of Castile was likewise made Bishop of Salamanca The affaires betwixt Castile and Nauarre since the time that Alain of Albret came to Valencia to King Fernand The last Coronation at Nauarre were peaceable but the kingdome of Nauarre was still vexed by the factions those of Beaumont had euer for their chief the Constable Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin those of Grammont ioyned themselues with the Lord of Abenas Viceroy and Gouernour of the Countrey waiting with great desire for the comming of King Iohn and Queene Catherine vnto whom they protested all obedience Now the great affaires which these Princes had on this side the mountaines detayned them a long time there for besides that they were in no sort fauoured by Charles the eight the poursuites of their vnkle Iohn Vicount of Narbonne had continually disquieted them vntill the yeare 1493. that they fell to agreement with him and to secure the countries of Foix and Bearne in their absence from his surprizes and vsurpations they had made ouer to him the townes of Sauardun Maseres Monthault and Gibel This Vicount was a widower by the death of Donna Marie of Orleance sister to Lewis the French King who left him two children namely Gaston who was duke of Nemours and Germaine which was afterward wife to King Fernand of Arragon after Queene Isabella's death Hauing then contented the Vicount and king Charles busied in his iourney to Naples Iohn Lord of Albret and Queene Catherine his wife went into Nauarre leading with them great troupes of souldiers for feare lest the Constable should rebell who held the cittie of Pampelona in such sort at his commaund as he disposed of all matters there as if he had beene King and when the Princes came to the gates thereof their entrance was denyed and they were constrayned to lodge at Egues where they remayned certaine dayes vntill the Constable and his Faction were pleased to giue them entrance In that Cittie were the Estates assembled and the King and Queene were crowned with the vsuall ceremonies in the presence of diuers Prelats Knights and the Ambassadors of diuers Princes It was the last Coronation which was made in Nauarre in our time for this kingdome beeing soone after in the Kings of Castiles possession they would no longer continue such ceremonies beeing content to receiue the oath of the Estates after the manner of Spaine The titles of King Iohn and Queene Catherine of Nauarre were Kings of Nauarre Dukes of Nemours Gandia Momblanc and Pegnafiell Earles of Foix and Lords of Bearne Earles of Bigorre Ribagorça Pontieure and Petigort Vicounts of Limoges Peeres of France and Lords of the cittie of Balaguer The yeare 1494. Caesar Borgia Câsar Borgia Cardinal Bishop of Pampelona who was after Duke Valentinois Cardinall and sonne to Pope Alexander the sixt did by his procurators take possession of the perpetuall administration of the Church of Pampelona by the decease of Don Alphonso Carillo the Bishop and by the grant of the Pope his father and the yeare following 1495. Princesse Magdalen of France dyed who was mother to Queene Catherine in the same cittie of Pampelona who accompanied her daughter to her coronation and had euer vertuously employed her selfe about the conseruation of her childrens estates for the space of fiue and twentie yeares all which time she had liued in holy widow hood her bodie lies buried in the great Chappell of the Cathedrall church of the same cittie About that time Queene Katherine visited the King and Queene of Castile at Alfaro by whome she was greatly honoured and welcommed as befitted so great a Princesse and we reade of none other occasion of
liue in such calamity and that so noble a race might not faile in Portugall he shewed the like grace and bounty to diuerse other Lords who were absent for offences committed against the crowne albeit that the new Duke D. Iames had for his owne part no way offended but had run into his fathers disgrace who was executed by law For a notable and religious act as he and his counsel thought he gaue commandement that all Iewes and Moores should voide forth of Portugal vnlesse they would bee baptized confiscating their goods and children of euery sex excepted vnder thirteene yeeres of age whom by force he caused to be baptized but beeing afterwards better aduised Iewes constrained to be baptized hee retained onely the men and women of those sects by force causing them to receiue baptisme and to confesse Iesus Christ with their mouthes but as it is to bee presumed without beleeuing it in their hearts and people constrained and not wel instructed the which did beget infinite apostacies sects and heresies in Portugal as it could not fall out otherwise Following the steps of his predecessor King Iohn hee sent men into the parts of the East to make ample and certaine information of the trafficke of spices D. Vasco de Gama a Portugal Captaine in Calicut and hee caused Don Vasco de Gama to pursue the nauigations and discouery of the shores of Affrike who departing from Lisbone this yeere 1497. with two ships the one named the Angel Gabriel the other the Angel Raphael manned with a hundred and forty men coasted about Affrike and touching at the Isle of Saint Iames and that of Saint Helen places by him so named hee came into Maçambuque a country of the Moores and from thence by a long and tedious iourney passing hard by a rocke which hee called Saint George and by the shelues and sands of Saint Raphaell hee arriued at Mombaça a land fertil pleasant and of great trade and commerce then going forward he came to the city of Melinde in the which hee had not only some rest and refreshing from his paineful iourney but did likewise contract peace and alliance betwixt the King of Melinde and King Manuel his Master at the last sayling farther he came to Calicut the place so much desired which was the aime of his enterprize He found Calicut to be a great and wel peopled city and of great trade for spices he saw in the hauen more then a thousand fiue hundred saile of marchants ships great and smal but ill built and vnseruiceable for long voyages without art in their sailes anchors and tackling not vsing the compasse and wholy vnfit for sea fights not beeing able to saile vnlesse they had a fore winde Now King Manuel beeing such an one as wee haue described him and in his florishing age Castile the marriage betwixt him and the Princesse Isabella of Castile who was a widdow was concluded at Valencia of Alcantara at the same time as Prince Iohn of Castile newly married to Marguerite of Austria fell sicke of the disease whereos hee died at Salamanca the which caused king Manuell to hasten the effecting of this marriage Death of Prince Iohn of Castile because that after Prince Iohn the succession of the Realmes of Castile and Arragon fell to Donna Isabella as to the eldest Therefore hee vsed such dilligence as the marriage was accoÌplished before the Prince his death who deceassed to the great griefe of the kings his father and mother General mourning and of all their subiects hauing not fully attained to the twentith yeere of his age and was buried in the Monastery of S. Thomas of the frier preachers in the city of Auila All the Gentlemen Knights Lawiers and other men of note in all parts of Spaine did in signe of mourning for his death cloath themselues in blacke frise or such like course cloath of meane price The Princesse Marguerite his widdow who was with child was brought in bed soone after in the towne of Alcala de Henares of a dead daughter King Fernand beeing the first that receiued these lamentable newes A good means to comfort an extreame sorrow fearing least the Queene his wife would fall into some great perplexity for the losse of an onely sonne heire to so great a state and of such young yeeres did determine to send her newes that he himselfe was dead and then when shee should enter into teares and lamentations to come into her presence at the same instant to comfort her and then plainely to tell her the truth of their sonnes death imagining that a sodaine consolation betwixt two extreame griefes would greatly moderate both the one and the other the which tooke good effect by the good reasons and examples which hee alleadged vnto her By Prince Iohns decease Donna Isabella his sister was Princesse of the Asturia's and eldest heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Arragon This yeere died Don Iohn Arias de Villar who was Bishop of Ouiedo the which place was giuen to Don Garcia Ramires de Villa Escusa last perpetuall prior of Saint Markes of Leon and euer afterward the Priors of that place were but from yeere to yeere There died also by a lamentable chance the Court beeing at Alcala Don Lewis Pimentell Marquis of Villa-franca eldest sonne to Don Roderâgo Alphonso Pimentell Earle of Benauent who fell downe to the ground out of a gallery Don Diego of Castile great commander of Calatroua did likewise die and his commandery was giuen to Don Guttiere de Padilla Treasorer and his place to Don Alphonso de Silua brother to the Earle of Cifuentes Now the new Queene of Portugall Infanta of Castile and Arragon hauing right to so great a succession by the death of Prince Iohn her brother it behoued the King her husband and her selfe to passe into Castile to receiue in quality of future heires to those Kingdomes the oth of the States therefore leauing the widdow Queene Leonora Regent in Portugall they came to the city of Toledo the yeere 1498. where Queene Isabella of Portugall was sworne An. 1498. and acknowledged Princesse of the Asturia's heire to Castile and Leon then going into Arragon the like was done for the succession in those Kingdomes But this Princesse being with child shee was brought in bed and died in the city of Saragossa leauing heire to all her fathers and mothers dominions D. Michel that nâw borne Infant sworne heire of Arragon the child newly borne if he had liued who was called D. Michel who in that infancy was sworne Prince of Girone and heire to Arragon and Sicile With this sorrow D. Manuel returned a widdower into Portugal leauing his onely sonne in Saragossa The dead Queenes body was brought to Toledo and buried in the Monastery of Saint Antolm which is a parrish Church where were Religious Nuns which was builded by Don Agnes d' Ayala wife to the Admiral of Castile grand-mother to King Fernand. And
pope Iulio the 2. against the French would seeke some reuenge against him he began to study by what means he might diuert him from Italy and if occasion were offred to expell him quite wherefore he drew the Suisses vnto him hee did sollicite the king of England to make war against the French and did what hee could to cause D. Ferdinand to declare himselfe their enemy but the Popes practises were then of small effect for England stirred not king Ferdinand seeing that the French king made no shew that hee meant to annoy the pope hee persisted in some sort in the league of Cambray saying that hee would according to the treatie made with the emperour assist him in the warre of Lombardie whither he sent foure hundred horse and two thousand Spanish foote vnder the command of the duke of Termini The pope fearing that the Venetians ruine would also cause that of the state of Rome and of the other potentates of Italy he sought to haue some pretext to quarrell with the French king hoping that if hee declared himselfe his enemie with any colour he should sway the league of Cambray much wherefore he tooke an occasion for that king Lewis fauored Alphonso of Este duke of Ferrara against whom hee had a quarrell punishing him with his spirituall and temporall armes and to gratifie king Ferdinand and to draw him to his deuotion hee confirmed vnto him the possession of the realme of Naples with the said conditions that the king of Arragon his predecessors had formerly held it the which hee had before refused and moreouer hee drew a promise from the king to aide him with three hundred men at armes if need were for the defence of the territories of the church King Ferdinand foreseeing and fearing the miseries that might ensue if the French king and the pope should grow to an open quarrell he did all good offices to reconcile them but hee could not for the pope was obstinately bent to oppresse the duke of Feâerra and the king held it dishonourable for him to abandon his allie whereupon king Lewis moued with a iust indignation began to treat a new league against pope Iulio with the emperour and other princes and potentates of Christendome persuading Maximilian as emperor to pursue the vniting of the lands held in Italie by the pope as belonging rightly vnto the empire and that the Germans and French ioyntly should demaund a generall Councell Councell propounded to reforme the pope for the reformation of the pope and clergie and to giue some forme thereunto for his part hee called an assembly of the prelates of France in manner of a Nationall Councell in the citie of Orleans to the end they should withdraw themselues from the popes obedience by a decree The prelates hauing transferred the assembly from Orleans to Towers they drew some articles to be presented vnto the pope in the name of the French church and in case hee did refuse them then to protest that they did not acknowledge him for their superiour appointing in that respect an other assembly within sixe moneths after Cardinall of S. Croix a Spaniard against the pope of the clergie of France To this enterprise the king had drawne some cardinalls namely D. Bernardin of Caruajal bishop of Siguensa cardinall of Saint Croix a Spaniard who had beene apostolike legat in the emperours court hoping to make king Ferdinand to yeeld vnto it for the respect hee bare vnto the emperour The pope besides the interest of the Venetians and of all Italy which did moue him being in heart an irreconcileable enemie to the French and to all them beyond the mountaines he desired nothing but troubles as appeared by his courses In the mean time king Ferdinand by reason of an army of Turkes which had beene discouered neere vnto Otranto was forced to call home his souldiers which he had sent into Lombardie in fauour of the league of Cambray which made the emperour and French king suspect that hee would ioyne with the pope whereupon they sent vnto him to know his intent whereunto king Ferdinand made a plaine answer without any ambiguitie that although by reason of the fee of Naples hee had furnished the pope with some horsemen yet hee meant not for all that to leaue the league of Cambray but would entertaine it more then before and therefore hee promised to send his souldiers backe into Lombardie but as for the other league which they treated of hee could not yeeld vnto it and much lesse that which concerned a generall councell Excuses made by king Ferdinand for not yeelding to a Councell for that sayd this catholike king it were a scandalous thing and would trouble all Christendome being most apparent that this councell was not propounded but to offend the pope whom both he and all Christian Princes did acknowledge to be Christs vicar in the church of God and that peace and vnion should bee the end of all holy councels wherefore hee excused himselfe from entring into any other league then that of Cambray exhorting them for the tranquilitie of the state of Christendome torne and dismembred with warre to hearken to some good agreement with the Pope Excuses made by king Ferdinand for not yeelding to a councell notwithstanding which answere the French king and the Emperour made a new League for the executing of the league of Cambray against the Venetians leauing libertie for the Pope to enter within fiue monethes and for the kings of Spaine and Hungarie within foure and if the Pope should refuse to enter into their league then they would call a generall Councell for the effecting whereof the Emperour should assemble the Prelates in Germany as the French king had done them in France Thus great miseries did threaten Italie through the obstinacy of Pope Iulio 20 Whilst that the Christian Princes of Europe treated of these things in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and tenne 1510 the coast of Africke was much annoyed by the army of Spaine of the which the earle Pedro Nauarro was gouernour Bugia taken by Pedro Nauarro who tooke the citie of Bugia which had beene a great Vniuersity for the Moores the which strooke so great a terrour throughout all Africke as the towne of Algier and many places vpon that coast became tributaries to the crowne of Castille Algier tributary to Castille agreeing with Pedro Nauarro what annual rent they should paie and sending embassadors into Spaine who brought with them 50 Christian slaues and they landed at Valencia at such time as king Ferdinand hauing left the Infant D. Ferdinand his grand-childe with Cardinal Ximenes whom they called the Cardinall of Spain and the councel at Vailledolit he came into Arragon and called the estates of the realmes to Monson The earle Pedro Nauarro continuing his conquests hee woone Tripoli in Barbarie and soone after Tripoli in Barbari taken about the middest of August D. Garcia Aluares of Toledo
vtterly disalow propunding instead thereof an assembly of embassadors in the city of Mantoua to consult of a pacification By his care and diligence this assembly was made and there met at Mantoua for him the abouenamed embassadors for the empererour the bishop of Gurgensis and for the French king the bishop of Paris whose labour proued fruitlesse The time was come in regard of the league of Cambray to retyre king Ferdinands three hundred men at armes which had serued the Pope wherefore these horsemen being retained longer then was agreed they returned to Naples The Pope being obstinate and furious not caring for the Emperour and much lesse for the French king was forced to dislodge from Bolonia for feare of the French army which did approch which city either for that it was abandoned by them he left there or by intelligence with the Bentiuoly 15ââ came into the power of king Lewis without any difficulty ãâ¦ã and soone after there were bils set vp in the publike places at Mantoua and at Bolonia declaring that a generall councell was assigned in September that yeare 1511 to the which the Pope and his adherents being accused of many crimes were cited for the which the Pope being a cholerike and furious man thought to run mad calling those Cardinalls which were opposite vnto him wicked Sectaries vsurpers of the Soueraigne bishops authority to whom only said he it did belong to cal a councel inciting the Vniuersities and faculties of diuinitie who declared this act to be hereticall The Emperour had made offer as a fit place and fatall to disordred Popes of the citie of Constance Turin had also beene propounded but Pisa was held most conuenient The furye of this war was so great in Italie as king Ferdinand being iealous of his realm of Naples sent three thousand Spaniards to his viceroy D. Raymond of Cardonea vnder the command of Pedro Nauraro earle of Albeto stil doubting that king Lewis did gape after it notwithstanding the accords made in regard of the marriage of Queene Germaine and hee deferred his voyage of Africke Cardinals sauouring the councell of Pâsâ attending the issue of these troubles and of the councell of Pisa the chiefe fauourers whereof were the Cardinalls of S. Croix a Spaniard Bayeux Saint Malo Albret brother to Iohn of Albret king of Nauarre Frenchmen they of Cosensa Saint Seuerin Italians but Pope Iulio for that he would not seeme to faile in his pastorall office pretending that the calling of a councell did belong to him and to disperse that of Pisa he did publish another at Saint Iohn de Latran in Rome the which wrought great effects in the hearts of princes and of religious people which did abhor schismes So as notwithstanding that the French king had sent 24 bishops to Pisa in the behalfe of the Clergie of France expecting that the emperour according to their accord should do the like for the Clergy of Germany yet whether retained by conscience or otherwise he neither sent bishops nor embassdors finding somtimes one euasion sometimes another 23 King Ferdinand being also sollicited by the Pope and as it is credible hauing good intelligence with him he made a publike declaration that seeing neither by intreaties nor persuasions he could not diuert the French king from his resolution to disquiet the Apostolike sea he tooke it into his protection and it is likely that the emperour Maximilian had beene also wonne by these two This declaration was made at Seuile whether soone after came letters from the councell of Pisa sommoning king Ferdinand to send his Prelates Warre betâiââ France and Spaine and embassadors thither whereof hee made no accompt whereupon he parted from Seuile and came to Burgos from whence as the Spaniards say he sent to Iohn of Albret king of Nauarre to intâeat him him not to beleeue the councell of the Cardinal his brother not to adhere in any sort to that false Councell of Pisa. Yet the k. of Nauarre ioined with the French king was declared a schismatike which made king Ferdinand to inuade his realm as we wil shew And being now come to open war king Ferdinand sent the whole army which he had prepared for Africk to Naples whereof he made D. Alfonso of Caruajal son to D. Diego of Caruajal Lord of Xodar general and one called Camudio Colonell of the foot In this army were 3000 foot and some 1100 horse whereof 600 were light horse During his abode at Burgos he had news that Pope Iulio was fallen daÌgerously sicke so as there was neither hope of life nor recouery the which held many Potentates in suspence fearing some great alteration but he recouered From Burgos he sent embassadors to Henry king of EnglaÌd his son in law to moue him to make war against the French king vpon his old pretensions against whom his Councel of Pisa there was a league made which had bin breeding betwixt the king D. Ferdinand the Pope the Venetians since the beginning of these quarrels vnder colour to defend the rights of the Apostolike sea to disperse the schismatical heretical councel of Pisa for the recoueries of the cities of Bolonia Ferrara the restoring of them to the church King Ferdinand did offer for this war 12 hundred men at armes one thousand light horse 10000 Spanish foot League betwixt king Ferdinand the Pope and the Venetians the Seigniory of Venice eight hundred men at armes one thousand horse and 8000 foot the Pope 400 men at armes fiue hundred light horse 6000 foot Moreouer 12 galleys for the king D. Ferdinand 14 for the Venetians making D. Raymond of Cardone viceroie of Naples generall of this warre for the entertainment of which army the Pope should furnish twenty thousand ducats a month and the Venetians as much and fourty thousand presently 1511 and this league was published at Rome in the church of Sancta Maria del populo in Octob this yeare one thousand fiue hundred and 11 into the which the king of England should be admitted if he would After which they did admonish proceed against the Cardinalls which disobeyed the Pope with the accustomed ceremonies solemnities and delaies to bring theÌ into the bosom of the holy mother church that is to say to the Councell assigned by the Pope at Saint Iohn de Latran which if they disobeyed they should be depriued of their dignities and liuings and punished as schismatitkes and heretikes which act was celebrated by the Pope in his pontificall habit and in a consistorie of seuen partiall Cardinals Those of the contrarie faction notwithstanding all this began to hold the councell of Pisa whereas the Florentines would not suffer 3 hundred Frenchmen at armes to enter which the Fathers and Prelates demanded for their gard being led by Gaston of Foix the kings nephew and duke of Nemours fearing least they should sease vpon that city for the French king The fathers comming to
the truth from him and what course the Indians meant to take to execute their enterprise he wrought in such sort on the one side and Colmenares on the other as they dispersed their forces put a confusion in their counsels and did in a maner subiect all the countrey of Vraba Being returned to the Antique of Darien they sent Iohn of Quincedo and Roderigo Henriques of Colmenares into Spaine to make relation vnto king Ferdinand of that which they had done and of the conquest of the South sea which they intended and to beseech him to send them 1000 Spaniards to that end That yeare there went out of Spaine with the kings leaue and at his owne charge Iohn Dias de Solis pilot major to the king who taking the course of Pinsons past beyond S. Augustines cape fortie degrees vnder the Equinoctiall vnto the great riuer of Parauaguasu which signifies in the Indian tongue great water the which was by Iohn Dias called the riuer of Plata Riuer of Plata found by Iohn Dias de Solis that is to say of siluer for that they found there some grains of that mettall and hauing planted many crosses there in signe of possession he returned into Spaine laden with Brasil where he gaue an account vnto the king of his nauigation ⧠THE 25 BOOKE OF THE Historie of Spaine The Contents of the 26 Booke 1 WArre continued by the duke of Aluain Nauarre and the frontires of France An armie of French in Nauarre and their poore exploits 2 Proceeding of Pope Iulio against the Councell of Pisa and the fauourers thereof 3 Practises of the duke of Ferrara against king Ferdinand Death of Pope Iulio the second and election of Leon. 4 Queene Germaine giues a drinke to king Ferdinand her husband to haue children by him which causeth his death 5 Warre of Milan and dissolution of the Councell of Pisa. 6 Discouerie of the South sea at the Indies by Vasco Nugnes of Balboa 7 Warre continued in Italie by the Emperor and Spaniards against the Venetians 8 Behauiour of Vasco Nugnes of Balboa at the Indies 9 Designes of Pope Leo an enemie both to Spanish and French 10 Seditions at the Indies The miserable end of Vasco Nugnes of Balboa 11 Comming of king Francis to the Crowne and treaties betwixt him the Emperor Maximilian and king Ferdinand 12 Enterprises of king Ferdinand against France Vnion of Nauarre and Castille 13 Exploits of king Francis in Italie Abolition of the Pragmaticke sanction 14 Comming of doctor Adrian Florantin to Spaine Testament of king Ferdinand and his death 15 Exploits of the king D. Manuel in Africke Exactions vpon the Clergie of Portugall His third mariage 16 D. Charles of Austria first of that name 22 king in Castille 43 in Leon and 20 in Arragon and in Nauarre the fourth of that name and 36 king Gouernment of Cardinall Ximenes and doctor Adrian in the kings absence 17 Estate of king Charles his house 18 Troubles in Spaine by D. Pedro Giron and others pacified by the wisedome of cardinall Ximenes 19 Ordinances for the ordinarie legions in Spaine and other orders made by cardinall Ximenes 20 Gouernement of Nauarre Counsell to ruine the townes and to make the countrey of Nauarre desolate Death of king Iohn of Albret and queene Katherine Order of the iustice of Nauarre 21 Troubles at Malaga by reason of the priuiledges and iurisdiction of the Admiraltie Punishment of the inhabitants 22 Contentions for the towne of Areualo and reprehension of Velasques of Cuellar 23 Pitifull estate of queene Ioane mother to Charles of Austria troubled in her sences 24 Arcenals and storâhouses for munition appointed in Spaine 25 Search of auncient writings and instructions for the publike good appointed by cardinall Ximenes in Spaine by the which many frauds were discouered c. 26 Algier taken by Horusco Barberousse and the vaine attempts of the Spaniards 27 Rigorous Edict in Spaine against the Genouois The cause thereof and the reuocation 28 Vâiust proceedings against the accused by the Inquisitors Contention for the bishopricke of Siguensa In this six and twentieth Booke are vnited the Realmes of Castille Arragon and Nauarre in D. Charles of Austria 22 in Castille 1. 43 in Leon 1. 20 in Arragon 1. 36 in Nauarre 4. THe realme of Nauarre being conquered with so great happinesse and ease 1512 was afterwards defended and kept with more difficultie Nauarre About the moneth of May the English armie landed in Guipuscoa being eight thousand foot most archers and some other men of warre whereof the lord marquesse Dorset was Generall who stayed some dayes vpon those marches attending the duke of Alua who was busie in subduing the vallies of Amescoa Salazar and Roncal with the helpe and diligence of colonell Vilalua whose armie being fortified with new troups sent from king Ferdinand who was offended at the detention of his embassadour S. Iohn du pieâ de Port taken by the duke of Alua. the bishop of Zamora in Bearn it was led to Saint Iohn du pied de Port which place yeelded vnto him From whence he sent word vnto the marquesse what he should doe to come and besiege Bayone But the English generall thinking that the duke of Alua had caused him to stay there for the conquest of Nauarre which concerned his master after that he had burnt Saint Iohn de Lus and done some other spoyles vpon the sea coast he imbarkt his men and went home saying That he would returne another time besides there was a brute of a great French armie which marcht through Guienne to make head against these Spanish and English forces by reason whereof the duke of Alua hauing fortified the castle of Pied de Port and rased that of Montgelo he returned into high Nauarre Armie of FreÌch goes into Nauarre The French armie whereof the brute was was led by Francis of Valois duke Angoulesme who was afterwards French king in the which there was king Iohn of Albret Charles of Montpensier duke of Bourbon Odet of Foix vicont of Lautrec the earles of Palisse and Longueuille and others making about fortie thousand foot and foure thousand horse About the end of the yeare 1512 the king of Nauarre aduanced with six thousand foot King Iohn of Albret goes into his realme of Nauarre with an armie and a thousand horse accompanied with the lords of Palisse and Longueuille he entred into his countrey by the vallie of Roncal where hee tooke Burgui hauing cut the Spaniards in peeces which were in garrison with their commander Valdes captaine of king Ferdinands gard On the other side the duke of Angoulesme caused the duke of Bourbon and the lord of Lautrec to enter by Guipuscoa with ten thousand foot and foure hundred horse who ruined Yrum Vransu Ojarcum and the townes of Harnam and Renterie and besieged S. Sebastien but they left it soone the vicont of Lautrec going to joyne with king Iohns forces who marcht towards Pampelone
At that time Diego Lopes of Ayala lord of Ceuole was gouernour of Fontarrabie who caused the platforme called Diego Lopes to be built towards France The marshall D. Pedro was in king Iohns armie with many of the faction of Gramont whose partisans being dispersed throughout the realme caused many places to reuolt to the king as Iohn Ramires of Baquedan Places returne to the ebedience of king Iohn lord of Saint Martin the towne of Estella Ladron of Mauleon that of Mirande Martin of Gomi Tafalla Pedro de Radaâ that of Murillo Iaime Velez de Medran S. Care with others by other men The king thought that the citie of Pampelone would haue done as much but he was deceiued Hereupon D. Alphonso of Arragon base sonne to king Ferdinand and Archbishop of Saragosse sent six hundred men from Teruel Daroca and Albarrazin to enter into Pampelone who passing within halfe a league of Saint Martin Victorie of 90 men ouer 600 Arragonians they were charged by fourescore and ten footmen of the vallie of Roncal and fiue horsemen who defeated them stript them into their shirts and sent them home their colonell came to Olite to demaund aid but he was in danger to be hanged by the Archbishop Anthonie of Fonseca recouered some of these reuolted places and brought the hostages to Pampelone into the which he put himselfe D. Francisco of Beaumont the constables cousen set vpon Estella and tooke the towne but not the castle and recouered that of Bernette and D. Pedro of Beaumont the constables brother the castle of Montjardin The duke of Alua being in the meane time in a maner inclosed in betwixt the armies of the duke of Angoulesme and the king of Nauarre he deceiued them escaping by vnknowne wayes and came with his armie to Pampelone And to the end the siege of Estelle should not stay and disturbe the forces of the king of Castille Diego Hernandes of Cordoua was sent with a supplie to them that besieged it Wherefore Iohn Ramires of Baquedan being extreamely prest was forced to yeeld it vpon condition That they should depart with their armes baggage and ensigns displayed Iohn Ramires of Bequadan faithfull to his prince refusing the great offers which king Ferdinand had made him if he would come to his seruice So this good knight came to the king of Nauarres campe The towne of Larraga defended by a French captaine was also yeelded by composition The king of Nauarre tooke the castle of Tiebas by force where was the ladie of Gurendayn of the house of Artieda whom he suffered to goe away freely and hauing receiued a new supplie of two thousand Germans Pampelone besieged by king Iohn he besieged Pampelone towards Saint Nicholas port where there were many sallies and skirmishes made whereby the king of Nauarre vnderstood that the force of the besieged was great The duke of Alua put some of the faction of Gramont whom he suspected out of the towne and hauing visited those parts of the towne which might be dangerous ordering all things and ramparing vp the breaches which the enemies made with their furious batterie Assault maintained by the garrison of PaÌpelone against the French he prepared himselfe to maintaine the Assault which was giuen on Saturday the seuen and twentieth of September from the which the assailants were repulsed with great losse King Ferdinand being in the meane time at Logrogne and aduertised of the estate of his affaires hee had drawne together the forces of Alua Biscaie Rioja and part of Guipuscoa notwithstanding that a good part of the French armie was yet in those limits being in all fifteene thousand fighting men assigning their rendez-vous at Pont de Royne whither he sent D. Pedro Manriques duke of Nagera surnamed the Sârong to be generall of this armie At the brute whereof the king of Nauarre being out of hope to take Pampelone and in great necessitie of victuals Siege of Pampelone raised Winter also tyring his armie he raised his siege the last day of Nouember by the counsell and persuasion of the lord of Palisse and other captaines of experience And the next day the duke of Nagera arriued with his armie whereof there was not any need seeing that the siege was raysed who for that reason refused the battell which the French sent to present vnto him by a king at Armes So king Iohn of Albret complaining his ill fortune returned on this side the Pyrenees in the straits of which mountaines the reereward of the French armie was much troubled by the Guipuscoans and other mountainers being forced to leaue in the mountaines of Velate and Leysondo part of their artillerie the which was drawne to Pampelone with great pompe in the castle of which citie there are many peeces to bee seene at this day By reason of which prowesse and good seruice the king besides many exemptions and priuiledges Armes of the prouince of Guipuscoa added to the Armes of the prouince of Guipuscoa the twelue peeces of ordnance or in a field of azure the which it carries at this day The duke of Nagera hauing brought his armie backe to Logrogne the duke of Alua remained Viceroy of Nauarre which realme he brought all vnder the obedience of king Ferdinand except the castle of Moya which held long for the kings of Nauarre who were expelled vnder a pretext of schisme as we haue said Vpon the same occasion D. Bernardin of Carâajal Castille cardinall of Saint Croix and bishop of Siguensa was deposed by the Councell of Latran from all Ecclesiasticall dignitie and to his bishopricke D. Frederic of Porâgal bishop of Segobia was preferred to Segobia D. Diego of Ribera bishop of Majorca and to that doctor Roderigo of Mercado Abbot of Saint Martha borne at Ognate who was afterwards bishop of Auila and President of the Chauncerie of Granado 2 During the warre of Nauarre king Ferdinand sent a new supplie of men into Italie with the commaunder Solis and was in a maner resolued to send the great captaine thither had not the counsell of some enuious diuerted him The French affaires declining there the duke of Ferrara who in all their actions had assisted them found himselfe in great danger to be depriued of his estate and expelled by the Pope his deadly enemie to preuent the which and to purchase vnto himselfe friends and fauour he set Fabrieâo Colonne his prisoner at libertie without ransome by whose meanes with the embassador of Spaine and others he obtained a safe conduct with the which he went to Rome to treat of his affaires but he could not make his peace with the Pope being obstinately bent to dispossesse him of Ferrara and to vnite the citie to the estate of the Church offering him in recompence the countie of Ast Pope Iulioes hatred to the duke of Ferrara which he held not but maintained that it was of the patrimonie of the Church so as Fabricio Colonne and the rest who
these there were as some write other secret articles concluded betwixt Caraffa and the duke of Alba concerning Palieno and that duke During these broiles betwixt the Pope and the king of Spaine the warre was as violent vpon the frontiers of Artois Picardie where the duke of Sauoy being general for the king of Spain S. Quentin taken entred with an armie of 40000 men he beseeged S. Quentin defeated and tooke the Constable which came for to relieue it and then tooke the towne after which the duke of Guise was called home out of Italie The duke of Sauoy hauing taken Castelet and some other places in Picardie dissolued his armie after which the French king hauing raised a great armie commaunded by the duke of Guise Calis taken hee tooke Calis Guines and all the land of Oye from the English in the heart of winter 1558 Soone after the Marshall of Termes went with an armie into Flaunders where hauing taken Bergues and Dunkerke and beseeged Grauelin hee was charged by the earle of Egmont his armie defeated and hee himselfe taken Marshall of Termes defeated After which rout the French king leuied new forces and came and camped about Amiens And king Philip on the other side being nothing inferiour in forces lodged neere vnto Dourlans Whilest that these two mightie armies which lay so neere one vnto another held all the world in expectation of some bloudie battell God inspired the hearts of these two great Princes with a desire to quench this warre without effusion of bloud and to preferre an accord before a doubtfull victorie wherefore their Deputies being assembled in the Abbaie of Cercampe vpon the Marches of Artois hauing propounded certaine Articles a peace was more easily concluded at Castell Cambresis Peace betwixt France and Spaine vpon the newes of the death of Marie queene of England The conditions were 1 That king Philip being a widower should marrie Elizabeth eldest daughter to king Henrie 2 That Marguerite of Fraunce the kings Sister should bee giuen in marriage to Emanuel Philibert duke of Sauoy and that in consideration thereof all his country townes Castles and iurisdictions of Sauoy and Piedmont should bee restored except the towns of Turin Quier Pignerol Chiuas and Villanoua of Ast which should continue three yeares in the French kings hands and that in the meane time the king of Spain should retaine Ast and Verceil 3 That all the Townes and forts which had beene taken in these last warres should bee restored on either part whether they did belong to those kings or to others which had followed their parties and namely the Island of Corsica to the Genouois Montferrat to the duke of Mantoua and the towne and castle of Bouillon to the bishop of Leege 4 That they of the house of Longueuille should bee put in possession of the countie of Saint Paul and the king D. Philip of the country of Charalois the Soueraigntie referued but there was no mention made of the Siennois 5 That the two kings should doe their best endeuours to entertaine the peace of Christendome and should procure the continuance and ending of the generall councell begun at Trent This yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and eight Death of Queen Leonora queene Leonora sister to the Emperour Charles the fift died in Februarie at Talaberuela three leagues from Badajos shee was first wife to Emanuell king of Portugall and then to Francis the French king she was honoured with a royall funerall pompe And in September following the emperour Charles ended all his toiles Death of the Emperour Charles the fift and past to a better life in the monasterie of Saint Iust where hee had remained two yeares his bodie was left there to bee afterwards buried in the monasterie of Saint Laurence which king Philip his sonne did since build with great charge and state in remembrance of the victorie gotten against the French and the taking of the Constable on Saint Laurence day the tenth of August Hee left an immortall fame of his valour Praises of the Emperour Charles more than any of his predecessors had done in many hundred yeares before for that in him all those vertues might be seene which are to bee desired in one that shold gouerne his people iustly and commaund armes and manage warre iuditiously He was verie religious and pitifull to the poore wherein he seemed rather prodigal than liberall In his eating drinking apparel he was very temperate modest so as he might wel be a president to any priuat maÌ as wel as to great princes in the practise of that vertue He had a care of justice to haue it duly administred although the continual wars wherewith he was afflicted made him to endure many defects He not only spake the language of euery nation on where hee commaunded in Europe but also those that were not vnder his gouernment for hee spake the French and Sclauon tongues readily In other things hee was not learned but eloquent shewing great grauitie in his speech It seemed that his good fortune did strue with vertue to fauour him Hee was prompt in execution and constant against any apparent daunger little esteeming death Hee was so accustomed to the toyles of warre that vntill hee grew aged it seemed no trouble vnto him Hee liued eight and fiftie yeares sixe moneths and sixe and twentie daies his funerals were celebrated with great pompe throughout all the cities of his realme yea throughout Christendome euerie one seeming both in publike in and in priuate to be partakers of this generall losse In December after king Philip his Sonne caused his funerall to bee made at Brussells with great state and pompe where all his most glorious enterprises were represented Spaine this yeare besides the losse of two such great Princes was not a little annoyed by the Turkes army which going from Prouence landed some men in the Island of Minorca beyond the port of Maone and there after some difficultie and losse Armie of Turks in Minorca they tooke Cittadella where there were not aboue fiue hundred men to defend it of whome there were aboue foure hundred slaine the Turkes disdaining that they were forced to batter it and to giue some assaults before they could take it And so valour which is wont to bee admired and respected of the enemie did now cause a contrarie effect in the hearts of these barbarous and cruell men and hauing spoyled the towne and the whole island they returned with many prisoners into Prouence 22 A little before the emperours death Death of D. Iohn the third king of Portugal D. Iohn the third of that name king of Portugall died at Lisbone to the great griefe of his subiects by reason of the infancie wherein hee left D. Sebastian the heire of the Crowne Hee was stately and beautifull Prince and of hautie enterprise hee continued the Nauigation of the Indes with great happinesse and reputation and made the name
be a man of little valour and not like vnto the deceased The day following the new King sent some troupes to view the dead where they found about 1500. of their men slaine whome they buried in the same place they also found the bodie of Mahomet who had beene the cause of all these miseries The body of King Sebastian was found naked among a troupe of his men that were slaine and knowne by two of his seruants as they say to whom they had promised libertie if they could find him D. Sebastians bodie was left as it were in deposito at Alcaçar but a while after the Xeriffe Hamet renuing the allyance and peace which his brother had made with the king of Spaine offered him this bodie and to set his Ambassador and the young Duke of Barcellos freely at liberty The King would not accept of D. Sebastians bodie D. Sebastians body sent to the Portugals but intreated him to deliuer it vnto the Portugals the which he did and sent it to the Gouernor of Ceuta to whom Andrew Gaspar of Corsica did consigne it in Hamets name and tooke an act thereof Hamet caused the bodie of Muley Mahomet to be flead and the skinne to be stuft with straw the which was carried in great ignominy throughout the Realme and the bodie of Abdelmelech was carried twenty leagues from Alcaçar and buried with his ancestors Thus there dyed three Kings in that battell The King of Spaine accepted of the deliuerie of the duke of Barcelos and of Iohn de Sylua his Ambassador in requitall whereof he sent a present to the Xeriffe in Iewelst o the value of an hundred thousand crownes Don Sebastian had raigned one and twenty yeares one moneth and sixe and twenty dayes and dyed beeing foure and twenty yeares old sixe moneths and fifteene dayes The losse of this battell beeing knowne in Portugall caused a generall sorrow and mourning but they were doubtfull for a time who were slaine or prisoners wherof they were certified by degrees and this desolation crept into priuate families so as there were scarce any among the Nobilitie but felt of it The Kings death was held doubtfull many yeares some denying that there was any certaine testimonie that his bodie had beene found among them that were slaine in the battell saying that the liberall offer which Hamet Xeriffe made to king Philip Death of Don Sebastian vnbeleeued of many who demanded it not was a great presumption that he himselfe doubted that the bodie which he left at Alcaçar Quibir was not Don Sebastians yea that he did not beleeue it others haue presumed to say that they had seen him after the battell in Portugall in a disguized habit shrowding himselfe for shame in religious houses and that beeing opprest with griefe for the death of so many of the Nobility he had beene so sorrowfull as holding himselfe vnworthie to raigne he had returned into Affricke in a religious habit and wandred among the Barbarians who giue free passage to them that do penance for their sinnes of what religion soeuer they be yet two and twenty yeares after this battell there hath beene a man found so resembling D. Sebastian shewing markes vppon his bodie naturall or accidentall so like vnto those wherewith this Prince had beene marked and speaking so confidently of things said or done by this king from his infancie to the time of this lamentable day and of secret conferences and speeches which he had had as well with Ambassadours of forraine Princes which had beene sent vnto him as other persons yet liuing which haue certified it and discoursing so particularly and truly of the estate of Portugall at that time as it hath made many doubtfull whether he were Sebastian or not whom they held to haue beene slaine at the battell in the plaine of Tamita in Affrick You shall hereafter here it at large and the man himselfe speake But howsoeuer Don Sebastians funerall was made at Lisbone with great ceremonie at the end whereof they cryed Reall Reall for the King Don Henry King Philip did also make a funerall pompe at Madrid where it was obserued that the Duke of Alba sayd that the King should go and do those obsequies in our Ladies Church at Belem in Portugall and not at Madrid which made some thinke that the king had disouered his conceptions and had resolued touching the succession of the Realme Don Henry the seuenteenth King of Portugall BY the decease of Don Sebastian the Crowne of Portugal seemed to belong to Don Henry his great Vncle Don Henry 17. king of Portugall Cardinall of the title of foure Saints crowned but King Philips Councell I know not by what law found that the right which he pretended was stronger then the Cardinals yet he modestly gaue way to his preferment and the rather for that seeing him old and broken he thought he might with more content of the Portugals take his ranke afterwards without any difficulty or dispute Yet there were many other pretendants to this succession which might cause some troubles in the State and therefore the first request which the cittie of Lisbone made vnto Don Henry in the name of the whole country was that for the quiet and tranquilitie of the State hee would bee pleased in his life time to name him or her who in his opinion ought to raigne after him wherein they layed a burthen vppon him which did exceed the force and capacitie of his iudgement For this Prince in the whole course of his life had shewed a simplicitie of manners and a weaknesse in his discourse which had made him to be alwaies held fitter for the Church then to gouerne a temporall State Yet seeing himselfe King hee sought to be feared and gaue way to his ambition and choler which procured him no more loue then before but made him to be both hated and cursed He disappoynted and dismist all those that had had any fauour or office in Court during his nephewes raigne for that they had not respected and honoured him as he thought according to his ranke and neerenes of bloud causing some to be arraigned by course of Iustice for their charges for words proudly spoken and such like things which had past in the life of the deceased King who were degraded of honours depriued of the rewards which they had deserued and sent from Court He intreated Pedro d' Alcassaua more roughly then any other who had beene of the secret Councell and high Treasurer He appointed other Officers in their places that were dismist who were no honester then the former but much more ignorant in affaires who framing themselues to their masters humors thought to shew themselues sufficient to bring in examinations and reuisions of accompts against such as had made parties and contracted with the King causing most of those contracts to be broken and it may be such as were least vniust To know the disposition of this new King and to make his ministers conformable to
to Eluas where he was acknowledged for King and in all places where hee past and then he did free them of a forraine imposition which was leauied vpon all marchandize which past from one realme vnto an other which was valued yeerely at a hundred and fifty thousand crownes for a token of the vnion and to shew that the Castillans and Portugals were now but one people He appointed an assembly of the Estates at Tomar in Aprill the yeere following 1582. hee visited Catherine Dutchesse of Bragança at Villa Boim who yeelded her right to the Realme vnto him if she had any The Pope who had till then beene somewhat opposite to the Kings pursutes Pope Gregory allowes of the conquest of Portugal did allow of all that had beene done in Portugall being aduertised how matters had past hee exhorted him that to shew himselfe thankefull vnto God for the prosperities which hee had giuen him he should vndertake to make warre against the Queene of England either directly or vnder hand in fauoring the Irish hee not onely offred him his spirituall treasors but also quit him the fruites of the Archbishoprike of Toledo which had beene long in the hands of his Stewards whilest that the Archbishop remained suspended of his dignity and that his processe was in question at Rome the which amounted to some millions of crownes and did belong to the Church and Sea of Rome The King knew well that he should not restore those fruits and therefore he was not eager to enter into open warre against the English yet he promised to succor the Irish from Spaine without any further declaration but saying that he would deale with the affaires of Ireland as the Queene of England did with them of Flanders Hee was also to prouide for the reduction of the Islands of the Tercera's without the which his fleets could hardly continue their nauigations to the Indies These Islands are in the Atlantike Ocean Description of the Terceras and are otherwise called the Açores they be seuen in number most of them small and not greatly inhabited The best are the Tercera which carries the name of them al Saint Michel which is the greatest and Fayal the other which be Santa Maria Pâc Flowers and Corues are barren and vnpeopled The city of Angra the Bishops Sea is in the Tercera but the Bishops aboad is in that of Saint Michel at a place called Puncto del Gada which Island is some hundred miles neerer vnto Spaine then the rest People of the Terceras brutish All the Inhabitants of these Islands are brutish superstitious and vaine yet instructed by Iesuits and many sorts of Monkes which haue their dwellings there Vntil that the Marquis of Santa Cruz had conquered them they were of opinion that the King D. Sebastian was not dead at the battaile of Afrike they did hate the Castillans mortally were enterrained in this hatred by D. Antonio who held them two yeers after the conquest of Portugal by the means of some succors which he drew froÌ France for this King being expelled after that he had wandred throughout the realm poore and in a disguised habit for the space of eight months and yet was neuer wronged nor discouered notwithstanding that he spake to diuers men in the end he had means to fraight a ship of the Low countries at Setuual who for 600. crowns brought him to Callis from whence going to the court of France he was kindly entertained by the Queene Mother one of the Pretendants to the crowne of Portugal by whose fauor and authority hee found in many priuat men that offred to do him seruice went to sea to the Islands vnder his warrant hoping to take some Spanish or Portugal ships coÌming from the Indies and to inrich themselues with their spoiles so as it was an ordinary trade from the ports of France to the Tercera's where for a time D. Antonio Cyprian de Figueredo commanded but not well pleased with him he displast him and gaue his Gouernment to Emanuel de Sylua who called himselfe Earle of Torres Vedras They of the Island of Saint Michel being some distance from the rest did presently acknowledge the king of Spaine diuiding themselues from the rest whether French ships came many times to spoile it and some Spaniards to defend it who meeting made furious war but the Spaniards had alwaies the worst They of the Tercera's were firme for Antonio and tooke all that came vpon their coast and vpon that of Fayal or that they could see at sea to make a stock for D. Antonio who reaped great commodity There was one called Iohn de Betancour descended from some French house dwelling in the towne of Angra who thought to draw the people into a mutiny for the King of Spaine who being almost slaine was cast into an obscure prison where he remained long and it is doubtful whether he died there The Iesuits thought to speake but they walled vp the gates of their conuents and kept them long shut vp after that maner giuing them meate twice a weeke and yet they feared to bee worse intreated but the other Orders of Monkes spake of none but D. Antonio whose vertues and praises were most commonly the subiect of their Sermons medling much with affaires of state and warre King Philip to assure himselfe of the Island of Saint Michel which held for him and receiue the ships which came from the Indies being not aduertised of that which had past in Portugal least they should vnwillingly fall into the hands of the contrary party he commanded that D. Pedro de Baldes should bee sent with foure ships and six hundred Spaniards who aduerturing to land in the Island of Tercera's with an opinion that there were many in the Island affected to the King his Master Pedro de Baldes defeated by them of the Terceras and by their meanes to doe some good exploite vpon the city of Angra which was vnwalled towards the land he was charged by theÌ who slue 400. of his men so as he made all the hast he could to get to sea and returne to Lisbone where for his welcome he was put in prison charging him that he had fought contrary to his Commission yet he was soone released finding that he was not expresly forbidden to fight Lope de Figueroa being sent after to second him thought to find him about the Island of S. Michel but hearing of this defeat he returned also to Lisbone so as it was then resolued to send greater forces the next spring We haue formerly made mention of certaine companies sent by Pope Gregory the 13. to succor the Rebels of Ireland vnder the command to Thomas Stukely who comming to Portugal with sixe hundred foote when as D. Sebastian did arme against the Moores they were intreated by him to serue him in that warre where most of them were slaine with their chiefe Commander The rest returning into Portugall with Sebastian Saniosep one of their
the fift of Iulie the citie was burnt the Ladies Nunnes and other women and children being safely sent to Saint Marieport with their apparell and iewels euerie man being forbidden to search them vpon paine of death I haue thought good to annexe vnto the end of this relation for a remembrance to posteââtie the names of such as receiued the Order of Knighthood from the Generals as a testimonie of their well deseruing in this worthie action Sir Samuel ââgnol Sir Arthure ââuage The Earle of Sussex The Lord Burke Cont Lodowike Sir Williââ Howard Sir George Deâereux Sir Henrie Neuel Sir Edwin Rich. Sir Richard Leuen Sir Peter Egomort Sir Anthonie Ashley Sir Henrie Leonard Sir Richard Leuison Sir Horatia Vere Sir Arthâre ãâã Sir Miles Corâet Sir Edward Conway Sir Oliuer Lâmbert Sir Anthonie Cooke Sir Iohn Townsend Sir Christopher Heydon Names of such as were knighted at Cadiz Sir Francis Popham Sir Philip Woodâoâse Sir Alexander Clifford Sir Mâârice Barkley Sir Charles Blunt Sir George Gifford Sir Robert Crosse. Sir Iames Eseâdamââe Sir ãâã Leigh Sir Iohn Leigh alias Lee. Sir Richard Weston Sir Richard Waiâman Sir Iames Wotton Sir Richard Ruddal Sir Robert Mansel Sir William Mouâson Sir Iohn ãâã Sir Edward Bowes Sir ãâã Druel Sir ãâã Preston Sir Robert Remington Sir Iohn Bâcke Sir Iohn Morgan Sir Iohn Aâridge Sir Iohn ãâã Sir Mathew Browne Sir Iohn Acton Sir Thomas Gates Sir Giâââe Mârricke Sir Thomas Smith Sir William Pooley Sir Thomas Palmer Sir Iohn Stafford Sir Robert Louel Sir Iohn Gilbert Sir William Harâey Sir Iohn Gray D. Christopher prince of Portugal Sir Iohn Vanderfoââd Admiral of the Hollanders Sir Robert Dudley 8 August Thus this triumphant English armie left Cadiz hauing receiued from the duke of Medina Sidonia nine and thirtie English prisoners which had beene slaues in the Spaniards hands Which done they past along the coast of Portugall they tooke spoyled and burnt Farol Farol burnt by the English they marcht into the countrey thereabouts after which exploit they shaped their course for England Hauing done this great affront to the king of Spaine they left him full of rage and desire of reuenge Fleet of Spaniards prepared against England whereupon presently after the retreat of the English he gaue commandement to the Adelantado of Castille to prepare a mightie fleet wherein he imployed great care and diligence so as it was readie the same yeare But this fleet had a farre different successe to that of England It consisted of fourescore ships which went out of Lisbone the eight of October 1596. They coasted along Gallicia to goe and joyne with the Generall of Biscaie where they had leuied some troupes of souldiers the Adelanââdo comming to double cap S. Vincent in the night it seemes he mistooke his reckoning and âell short of the cap where they were taken with a cruell storme in the which fiue and fortie of their ships were cast away Spanish fleet cast away on Symon and Iâdes day and the rest were so shaken with the storme as they had great difficultie to saue them so as their enterprise proued vaine that yeare This yere also they treated in Spaine of the canonizing of blessed S. Raymond Canonization of S. Râymond desired by the Spaniards the which was afterwards effected at Rome They renewed their suit vnto the Pope which had bin made many yeares before to diuers of his predecessors After that instance had bin made vnto his Holinesse by the townes of the realme of Arragon who had sent Paul Costabile Generall of the preaching Friers of which Order S. Raymond had beene also Generall the Pope hauing pronounced thât they should passe on to perfect this businesse the Archbishop of Taracona came to Barcellona with two bishops and the Proctor generall of S. Dominicke to reuiew Saint Raymonds âodie the which was done with great ceremonie and authenticall writings sent to Rome to prosecute the rest About the same time Luca Calnacanti Chamberlaine to the Pope arriued being sent with two cardinals hats by him to Francis d' Auila Archdeacon of Toledo and to Ferdinand Nugnes de Gueuara President of the royall Councell who had beene newly created cardinals being exhorted by his Holinesse to passe with all speed to Rome as they did that Winter so as in the beginning of the next yeare they come into Italie hauing a good opportunitie to passe in those gallies which were come from Genoua whithâr the duke of Maqueda should also haue gone being appointed by the King to be Viceroy of Sicile but he was stayed many monethes by some sinister accidents And there arriued also Alphonso Gariglia who required a great aid of money for the prince of Transyluania to maintaine the warre against the Turke who found the king ãâã well ãâã not with standing that hee was inforced to maintaine warre in diuers places to his exceeding great toyle and charge Yet he satisfied that princes desire with abountifull hand and giue free libertie to the Popes Agents to buy a quantitie of come in his realmes to ãâã the state of the Church And then about the end of September the Indian fleet arriued safely at Seuille being verie rich the which did much comfort the Spaniards after the great losses they had sustained by the English armie 1597 There was nothing did more afflict the minds of the Spaniards Spaniards incensed against the English than their hatred and disdaine of the English being not able to endure not onely to be troubled in their traffique to the Indies and their rich fleets to be layâd for piercing euen into the heart of America but also to inuade the continent of Spaine with a royall armie and to land there by by force incountring spoyling and burning their ships euen in their ports Preparation in Spaine for a new armie Being therefore tormented with a desire of reuenge and grieued that the last yeares fleet being ruined by tempest could not effect what they had designed there was a new order giuen that many galleons should bee armed and new troupes of souldiers should bee leuied not onely in Spaine but also in Italie The king therefore touching matters of warre gaue an extraordinarie authoritie to the Cont Fuentes who was newly returned from the gouernement of Flanders They caused all ships of foreine countries to be stayed within their ports with an intent to make vse of them in this armie but the king falling verie sicke this preparation was somewhat stayed they being doubtfull of his life both in respect of his great age and the violence of his infirmitie And so the souldiers which were leuied for this seruice were sent to lodge some in Gallicia and some in Biscaie to bee fitly imbarked when time should serue The important cause concerning Marchants and Bankers Controuersie in Spaine touching the Bankers was now in question in Spaine they hauing for many yeares furnished the king with money for his warres in Flanders and other places
beames did teare so as they looked hourely when the Oretoppe would fall and the ordnance sinke downe into the Keele Whereupon hee was forced to put backe to Plymouth where hee found a great part of the fleet There they repaired their shippes and the earle tooke another his owne being made vnseruiceable But they were kept in by continuall stormes and contrarie windes vntill their three monethes victuals was in a manner spent and the sicknesse growne great in the flie boats which carried the land armie Whereupon the Generall had order to discharge his land forces all but a thousand old souldiers which had beene drawne out of the Low Countries so as they were made vnable to land any forces at Farol After which there was a project made by the earle to send in certaine ships of fire and to bume the king of Spaines fleet as it should lye in the harbour without any daunger to the queenes ships Which counsell being allowed of at Court they put the second time to sea But some of good judgement in the fleet held this exploit vnfeasable they hauing not sufficient forces to performe it neither could they attempt it without apparent daunger as indeed it succeeded not for that the Saint Mathew one of the chiefe ships which should haue beene imployed in that action had lost her fore-mast and was put backe into England as they pretended So as hauing no meanes to doe any seruice vpon the fleet at Farol they concluded for the intercepting of the Indian fleet and defeating of the Adelantado if he did put to sea for there was no meanes to take in the island of Tercera their land forces being discharged Whereupon they shaped their course for the islands where they layed wait for the Indian fleet but they escaped them and got into Tercera road What the reasons of the missing of this Indian fleet were and what was else done at the islands by this armie I leaue to an ample relation of him who was an eye witnesse and did well obserue it And so hauing failed in all their designes this fleet returned home into England The Spaniards did in like manner arme Spaniards preparation at sea There was the regiment of Alexander de Monti consisting of 15 companies imbarked at Naples the which had like to haue beene cast away in a storme vpon the coast of Romania In the end they came to Genoua and there joyned with the troupes of Gambalaita all which were transported into Spaine in Dorias gallies passing from Barcelona to Cadiz where a part of the fleet lay there they imbarked their land forces in certaine galleons being six thousand Italians going towards the Groine with an intent being joyned with the Adelantado and the rest of the fleet to make some attempt vpon England But on the eight of September they had so cruell a storme as they were scattered from their Admirall and in exceeding great daunger whereof some were cast away A galleon wherein Alexander de Monti was and some of his companies hauing lost her maine mast was driuen to the Canaries and after that to the coast of Africke hauing lost his pilot with most of his mariners there he ran her on ground and recouered Mazagon where he furnished himselfe of all that hee wanted and then he past towards the strait meeting with an English ship which fought long with him but in the end he tooke her Then joyning with D. Pedro de Toledo with some other vessels they scoured the coast of Barbarie securing the coasts of Spaine and in the end they came to winter in Saint Marie port The rest of this Spanish fleet after this cruell storme for the most part recouered Farol Thus both fleets this yeare without any fruits put themselues to the hazard of the sea and receiued great losses The warres hauing continued long betwixt France and Spaine Mediation for a peace betwixt France and Spaine many princes desired to see the miseries of Christendome at an end Pope Clement the eight as much affecting this generall peace as any of his predecessors considering the great miseries which the diuisions of the French and Spaniards did cause and that the Turke made his profit thereof and had incroached farre into Christendome hee resolued to reconcile these two kings of Spaine and France Father Bonauâenture Calatagirone a Siâilian borne Generall of the Franciscanes and who afterwards was made Patriarke of Constantinople was sent by him into Spaine vnder colour to visit the Conuents of his Order but in effect it was to sound king Philip whether he had any inclination to a peace with France where hee found all things well disposed and the Spaniards desirous to change the doubtfull euents of a troublesome warre with the assured and more profitable effects of peace his old age his son young whom he desired to marie and to leaue him his Estates quiet his eldest daughter to whom he would giue the Low Counties marying her to cardinall Albert of Austria who like new Lords should haue need of the loue and good neighbourhood of a French king 1698 the French being vnited and their ciuile warres ended they were likely to transport the warre into his countries hauing taken Amiens by force euen in view of his armie All these considerations made the king of Spaine incline to a peace not onely with the French but with the Queene of England and the vnited Prouinces of the Netherlands Calatagirone being returned to Rome assured the Pope that hee had found a disposition and desire of peace in king Philip and that he was wearie of the warres So the Pope continuing in this good desire sent this Franciscan into France to persuade the king to peace and friendship with the king of Spaine Alexander cardinall of Florence his Holinesse Legat in France vnderstanding the Popes pleasure together with Calatagirone persuaded the king to yeeld vnto a peace And on the other side by the exhortations of the Patriarke Caietan his Holinesse Nuntio at Madrid the king of Spaine referred the whole treatie of the said peace to his nephew cardinall Albert. Whilest that Calatagirone went to Brussels to solicite the cardinall to send the deputies to Veruins the French king aduertised all his allies to the end they might be comprehended in this accord with the Spaniard if they thought good The queene of England who had more annoyed the Spaniard than all the princes of Christendome refused to be comprehended in the accord and so did the Estates of the vnited Prouinces who sent their embassadours to the French king to dissuade him from a peace with the Spaniard The king of Spaine did greatly desire a peace with them and sought it by the meanes of his kinsmen and allies who at his request sent their embassadours to that end into England Queene of England Estates of the Low Countries refuse a peace with the Spaniard and the vnited Prouinces but without effect The king of Spaine hearing of all their aunswers and
burne him He alwaies protested that his designes in warre and his exercises in peace did onely tend to the aduancement of Religion The last words he pronounced with his last gaspe were That he died a Catholike He respected the Pope as hee that carried the keies of heauen in his hand the prince of the Church and Gods Lieutenant generall ouer mens soules The Popes respected him as the chiefe supporter of the peace and vnion of the Church Piââ 5. did so terme him when they made the league against the Turke and his successour Gregorie 13 answered him that caused his health to be prayed for at Rome My life imports the Church little the which after me may haue a better Pope Recommend the king of Spaines health vnto God for it is necessarie for all Christendome And he himselfe held his assistance necessarie for the affaires of Christians for being sicke and the Phisitian doubting to let him bloud by reason of his weakenesse Feare not said he to let me bloud Speech of the king of Spaine the estate of Gods Church permits not that I should die of this disease nor of this bloud letting Euerie man knowes in what credit hee was in the Consistorie to haue his intention approued and likewise in the Conclaue for the election of Popes Hee held Rome by the lâaire and the throat This is spoken for the pensions of Cardinals which are at the deuotion of Spaine being in his power to famish it refusing the commodities which they may draw at need out of his estates which inuiron it As he honoured the Pope so did hee much esteeme the Prelates of the Church and had a great care to preferre men of vertue and merit to ecclesiasticall dignities There was a great controuersie betwixt the archbishop of Valencia and the Viceroy to know to whome they should first present the Pax and the Censor the which hee ended commanding that hee that presented vnto his Maiestie should giue it first vnto the archbishop thinking that the honor that he did vnto Gods Ministers was an infinit glory vnto him and that a prince should affect no other commendation than the care and zeale of Religion when it is without dissembling or hypocrisie Hee did witnesse his zeale and passion in the seeking out of many râlikes of Saints especially to haue the body of Saint Eugenius Bishop of Toledo His curiositie to find out âelikes hauing to that end sent embassadors expresly to king Charles the ninth and to the Queene Mother who granted it contrarie to the aduice of the Cardinall of Lorraine Abbot of Saint Denis hee went to receiue it at Toledo and caused it to bee conducted to the Escuriall How much did he spend for the canonizing of Frier Diego of Alcala of the order of Saint Francis and of Frier Raymond of Pegnafort a Iacobin famous among learned men for that he gathered the decreâales into one bodie and throughout all Spaine for that hee past like another Elizeus vpon his cloake from Majorca to Barcelona and that which is very rare in our age refused the Archbishopricke of Tarragone Wee find not any now that hide themselues in caues from spirituall dignities or that out off their nose and eares to make themselues incapable of church preferments which requires sound bodies and sanctified soules No affaires could interrupt him in the course of his deuotion and we in the relations of Antoniâ Perez that hee did often referre the care of businesse to another day when he was preparing of his conscience or among his Monkes at the Escuriall He went bare headed in the procession of the Sacrament and being on that day at Cordoua some one did aduertise him En este dia no haze mal ât Sol. that the Sunne was offensiue to whom he aunswered That the Sunne that day would doe him no harme Being a religious prince he loued no new religions He neuer receiued the Capuchiâs They of his house haue built many colledges of Iesuites in diuers places at Vienna in Austria at Tumant in Hungarie at Prague in Bohemia at Hal at Grats at Munch at Inspruke and he alone of his house is dead without any memorie of his bountie towards them Speaking against that great multitude of religions and the increase of regular Orders hee said That they should reduce the new to the auncient and maintaine those in the first integritie of their institution and that it was to be feared the world would abound more in religious Orders than in pietie Hee vsed them of Saint Dominicke in his confessions and in his other deuotions the Ieronimits to whom he gaue that rich temple of the Escuriall He did so respect Dominicke de Chaâes his Confessor as he caused him to be visited in his cell by the President of Castille when he was in doubt of any point of conscience or of penance He had a Councell of conscience for the direction of his enterprises Councell of conscience This Councell hath often drawne him out of many difficulties and hath freed him from the bond of his promises The historie of Portugall doth furnish a memorable example The duke of Ossuna and D. Christopher de Mora had promised mountaines of gold to them that should be opposit to D. Antonio and should fauour the kings right to the Crowne of Portugall He being expelled these men demaunded the effects of those promises and that their bills should be discharged The king commaunded that all should bee sent to the table of conscience Aduice of the king of Spaines Councell of conscience The Iudges payed them with this sentence Seeing that king Philip is heire to the realme of Portugall the petitioners could not compound for his right for money gifts or promises and haue deserued death for that they did not willingly yeeld it vnto him If the realme did belong to Antonio they could not then deliuer it And therefore king Philip is no way bound to performe those promises which his embassadors and agents had made vnto the petitioners But vsing his clemencie and mercie he freed them from the paine of death which they had vpon this occasion deserued As for his justice King of Spainâ a seuere iusticer the example of his son is sufficient to shew his rigor It is true that in many actioÌs he hath proceeded more by his absolute power than by the ordinarie course These great motions cannot alwayes be ruled by the ordinarie formes nor subiect themselues to the judgement of reason nor to humane discourse Yet hee protested being neere his end That he had not done wrong nor injustice to any one but through ignorance or false impression It is an act of justice in a prince to suffer them to tell him of the vnjust actions of his gouernement It is true that it cannot be tearmed an act of justice to haue made his creditors so often to loose that which they had lent him nor to reduce the 18 millions of gold which
Fernand. 955 Maia a strong fort taken by the Castillans 966 Maiorquins vanquished and punished 968 Maximes of the point of honor at this day 972 Marriage of the Emperor Charles 975 Marriage of the Duke of Sauoy with D. Beatrix of Portugal 977 Marriage of Iohn king of Portugal with the Emperors sister 978 Marriage of Philip Prince of Spaine with the Infanta of Portugal 1008 Marriage of Ioane heire of Nauar to Antonio duke of Vendosme 1025 Marshal of Termes defeated by the Spaniards 1081 Marriage of the king of Spaine with Elizabeth of France 1082 Markes of the antiquity of Spaine 1095 Malta beseeged by the Turkes 1114 Manner of the Inquisitors proceeding in Spaine 1025 Massacree of Moores that were in prison 1146 Marc Antonio Colonna perswads D. Iohn to fight with the Turkes 1165 Mahomet the sonne of Abdalla expelled by Moluc his vncle 1197 Marriage concluded betwixt Catherine Infanta of Spaine and the Duke of Sauoy 1229 Messina cause of the first Pânike warre 35 Memorable defeat of Moores 178 Memory of D Sancho Abarca 202 Metropolitaine of Languedoc vnder the Primat of Toledo 255 Men of learning admitted into the councell of Castile 379 Menault second king of the Canaries sels the Islands to them of Seuile 680 Merzalguibir a Port in Affrike taken by the Castillans 877 Mexico at the Indies taken by the Christians 965 Metz beseeged by the Emperor 1035 Medina del Campo surprized by the confederats 720 Mendosas speech to the French king and his answere 1230 Mines in Spaine 25 Military exercises done by Scipio 57 Miseries of a place beseeged 108 Mistaking the ruine of Pompeys army 116 Mildnesse and Christian bounty of king Sizebuth 146 Mignon of the Queene of Portugals drawes Castile and Portugal into armes 600 Miseries of ciuill warre 639 Mildnesse in a Prince without Iustice and seuerity is hurtfull both to himselfe and his Estate 751 Misfortune in the king of Portugals voiage into Affrike 778 Ministers of Iustice punished exemplarly 936 Minorca spoiled by Barbarossa 993 Marriage of the Duke of Sauoy and the Infanta D. Catherina in Spaine 1231 Mountaine of Idubeda 15 Mountaines called Hanibals Ladders 16 Moores both in Caesar and Pompeis armies 115 Monarchy of the Gothes in Spaine 146 Moores defeated by D. Garcia K. of Ouiedo 191 Moores of Barcelona tributaries to the French 778 defeated by D. Ordogno king of Leon. 194 Moores drawne into Galicia by a Bishops faction 212 Moores drawne into Spaine by D. Alphonso king of Castile 257 Moores defeated by D. Alphonso 275 Modesty of greater force then armes 278 Moores spoile Toledo and Castile 331. they inuade Portugal 332 Moores of Seuile defeated 361 Moores expelled out of Minorca 431 Mother perswads her sonne to reuenge his fathers death 434 Moores raised from the seege of Siles and defeated 508 Monster borne in Cattelonia slaine by the parents and they punished 520 Moores take Algezire 579 Modesty of D Pedro Infant of Portugal 706 Moores of Granado drawne by the king of Nauar into Castile 735. defeated nere vnto Arcos 742 Moores make furious sallies vpon the Christians 897. they are defeated and their king taken by the Castillans 900 Molucca's found in the Castillans nauigation 950 Moores Mudeiares inforced to change their religion 961 Moores persecuted in Spaine 964 Moores strong and fit for the warre 931 Moores curious and superstitious 1009 Moores ill intreated in Spaine 1127 Moores vnnaturall 1145. they are thrust out of Granado 1149. they are defeated by D. Iohn of Austria 1152. after an accord made their retract 1153 Mutines resolue to submit them to Scipios mercy 70 Multituds in armies not alwaies of greatest effect 340 Murther of Garci Laso de la Vega. 484 Murther of the Constable of France by the king of Nauar. 541 Murther of D. Agnes de Castro 549 Murther of D. Philip de Castro 580 Murther of the Archbishop of Saragossa 675 Murther committed by the Earle of Lerin 884 Mutiny vnder a shew of religion 918 Muley Boabdelin submits himselfe to the kings of Castile 936 Mutinies at the Indies through enuy 918 Murmuring of the Spaniards against Card Ximenes 928 Multitude of Officers in the treasory hurtfull to the state 937 Muley Hescen king of Tunes dispossest by Barbarossa and restored by the Emperor 984 Muley Buason demands succors in Spaine 1025 Murthers done by the Moores of Granado 1140 Muley Molucs speech of D. Sebastian 1200 Mutiny at Naples 1232 N NAture and manners of the Spaniards 27 Nauar and Arragon vnited 189 Nauartois defeated and their king Don Garcia taken prisoner by the Earle of Castile 206 Nauarre vassal to Castile 286. inuaded by the kings of Castile and Arragon 316. hee sends Ambassadors to Castile 336 Nauarre vnder the protection of the French 404 Nauigations and conquests of Spaniards in the Ocean 870 Nauigations of the Portugals 931 Nauarre vnited to the crowne of Castile 919 Nauy sent into Flanders for king Charles 952. C. Nero sent Pretor into Spaine 50 Negligence of captaines punished sometimes at Rome 103 Nephew betraies his vncle through ambition 704 Nice the first General councel 124 Nicholas Ouando Gouernor at the Indies 976 Nomination of Bishops belonged to the kings of Spaine 151 Noblemen of France at the seege of Saragossa 271 Nobility of Castile defend their liberties 321 Nomber of the dead at the battaile of Muradal 341 Nomination of the Bishop of Maiorca 363 Noblemen murthered by the commandement of D. Pedro king of Castile 532 Noblemen of Castile slaine at Aliubarota 609 Noblemen at the king of Nauarres coronation 627 Nobility of Castile defiled by their alliances with conuerted Iewes 947 Number of the Christian army going to Tripoly 1084 Nobility of the kings of Spaine 1095 Number of the dead at the battaile of Lepanto 1169 Numantia attempted in vaine by Q. Pompeius 103 Numantins reduced to extremity 108 Nugno de Lara vanquished by the Moores and slaine 409 Number of the French army at the Terceres 1221 O OBstinacy of the Barbarians 104 Oppa Archbishop of Seuile an Apostate 170 Ouiedo built 174 Ouiedo called the townes of Bishops and made an Archbishoprike 190 Ouiedo sapprest in the kings titles 199 D. Ordogno king of Leon puts a way his wife 204 Offences die not vnpunished 218 Order of the knights of Saint Sauior 273 Orders for the nobility of Nauarre 287 Order of Saint Iames instituted 317 Order of Calatraua 319 Order of the knights of Alcantara 347 Order of preaching Friars 355 Order of knights called de la Merced 357 Order Seraphical of Saint Francis ibid. Order of the knights of Christus instituted in Portugal 453 Obseruation in Philip the Faire and his posterity 459 Order of Montesa in Arragon 465 Oth reciprocall betwixt the king and his subiects 471 Order of knights of the band 489 Obedience of the Noblemen of Castile to their king 499 Order betwixt Toledo and Burgos for precedence 527 Orders for Iewes apparel 580 Order of Saint Ierosme in Spaine 586 Ordonances made by D. Iohn
he discontented others yea the Arragonois themselues for the Realme being often in combustion by reason of the old quarrels betwixt the houses of Luna Vrrea and Gurrea and especially during the interregne many of these factions presumed to go to field and did rob and spoile euen to the towne gates whereuppon the king raised some troupes to suppresse these theeues giuing the charge thereof to Don Alphonso sonne to D. Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Gandia making him as it were Gouernor of the realme and his Lieutenant generall a great dignity which was presently impugned by the Noblemen of Arragon mooued through enuy alledging that that charge ought not to be giuen according to their ancient customes but to one that was borne in Arragon wherefore they appealed before the Iustice maior beeing an attempt against their liberties and freedomes so thinking to preuent a mischiefe Troubles in Arragon hee augmented it for the Realme was presently full of armes which hee was forced to remedy with great difficulties and seuere meanes it may be vnworthie of his royall Maiestie The Schisme which was in the church of Rome Castille did somewhat trouble Spaine yet by the wise councell of Princes all past without any great alteration The French king did greatly sollicite him of Castile to ioyne with him to force Pope Benedict of Auignon to submit himselfe to a compromise treated by the Princes and according to the protestation of the Cardinalls which had chosen him to leaue his dignitie vntill it had beene determined who should be Pope and head in the church of Rome For the which the king D. Henry hauing called a great assembly at Salamanca of Prelats and Doctors both Diuines and Canonists in the end he yeelded after many difficulties whereof D. Matrtin K. of Arragon being aduertised he was wonderfully mooued for he did much support Pope Benedict a Cattelan by nation and therefore sent to Salamanca before the kings departure his ambassadours were Vidal of Blagues and Raymond of France to complaine of this vnion which the king of Castile had made with him of France without communicating any thing vnto him to whom an answer was made in friendly tearmes which did satisfie them In the assembly of Salamanca it was aduised that the two Popes should reuoke all the proceedings made one against another and should haue an enterview in some place of assurance where they should deuise betwixt themselues how to free the church of this Schisme the which they should declare within a certaine time and during the delay they should giue a certaine pastor vnto the church but if they could not or would not agree that then they should both giue ouer their pretended dignities but this aduice was of no force for D. Pedro de Luna or Pope Benedict would by no meanes leaue it saying that he would hold his Popedome whereupon he was much afflicted by the French yet by the meanes of the king Don Henry he had some rest for a time and the French king seemed neither to acknowledge nor obey him the which continued not long At that time there sprung vp a Sect of white coates their author was a Priest of the Beginning of the white cote mountaines of Sauoy They were men moued with deuotion who began to runne ouer Italy as it were in procession attired in white shirts and wearing their haire long ouer their faces demanding pardon of God and mercie for their sinnes with great and lamentable cries and moreouer in going they sung Hymnes as that which begins Stabat mater dolorosa and other such suffrages Their troupe in the beginning beeing but small they grew to so great a number there ioyning with them at all the townes where they past men women children Clergi-men secular men Gentlemen pesants poore and rich so as they were forced to diuide themselues into bands which somtimes were not lesse then ten twelue or fifteen thousand persons which made many Princes and Potentates of Italy to suspect that vnder a shew of religion they had some hidden enterprize to the preiudice of their Estates The towne of Luca gaue them most credit They ranne vntill that land fayled them which was to the farthest point of Calabria and then returned backe Their captaine with a great multitude of his sectaries being come to Viterbo Pope Boniface found meanes to draw him to Rome where being examined of his intention they found nothing in him but meere ignorance and superstition whereby all the townes and families in Italy had beene troubled many men leauing their houses wiues children parents with all publike and priuate affaires to follow this poore ideot who for all the pain he had taken was by the Popes sentence condemned to the fire who being burnt euery one retired to his home and his followers were dispersed into diuers parts About the yeare 1399. died D. Pedro of Tenorio Archb. of Toledo beeing sorrie hee An. 1399. could not attaine vnto the yeare 1400. to the end he might depart this world in the yeare of Iubile The Spaniards speake much good of this Prelate that he had beene employed during the raigne of three kings Death of the Arch-bishop of Toledo in the waightiest affaires of Spain with opinion to haue beene a wise and discreet Councellor a learned man and a louer of learned men but he was wilfull and that which he himselfe bragged of not very liberall for the great reuenues which he enioyed especially to his kindred who neuer receiued any aduancement from him nor by his fauour from the king of Castile His house was ancient issued from Galicia but growne greater in Portugall he himselfe was borne at Tauira the sonne of a simple Gentleman and but poore He left many remembrances of him in his buildings in diuers parts of Spaine as S. Martins bridge in the citie of Toledo and the castle of S. Seruant towards the port called Alcantara the Monasterie of S. Catherine of the Order of S. Ierome and the Collegiall church of Chanoins in the towne of Talauera the chappell where his bodie lyes in the great church at Toledo and the cloyster thereof a stately and royall worke Besides these buildings he repaired the castles of Canales Alhamin and Almonacid He caused strong castle to be built neere vnto Alcala the royall to serue for a refuge for Christian slaues which escaped the Moores that were nere vnto the fronter and ordayned a certaine rent for the entertainment of a wonderfull great lampe the which should be a direction in the night for poore fugitiues giuing light three great leagues round about The towne of Villafranca the church and the bridge vppon Tayo betwixt Talauera and Guadalupe were his worke it beeing called at this day the Archbishops bridge By the death of this Prelate the sea of Toledo was void foure yeares Sea of Toledâ void for foure yeares the Schisme in the Romish church being the cause thereof In the meane time D. Iohn Bishop of Siguença
had the gouernement of the Church who gaue credit to the image of Saint Marie of Nieua and beganne to build the Church thereof the which was afterwards augmented by the Queene Donna Catherina This image was sound by one Peter who for that cause was furnamed Of good aduenture who hauing found it aduertised the bishop It is much reuerenced by the Spaniards who hold that shee doth wonderfull and great miracles The yeare 1400. at what time the Iubile was the Spaniards going about to set vp a An. 1400. great Bell in the Church at Seuile all the people being assembled and the King D. Henry being in the tower a sudden tempest with lightning slue many scattered the rest and amazed the whole citty In the yeare 1401. 1401. there was some likelihood of an agreement betwixt the Kings of France and Castile and Pope Benedict attending the determination of a general Councel The Christian Princes which did acknowledge him besides these were the kings of Arragon Nauarre Scotland Cypres and the Duke of Sauoy The rest of the Potentats did adhere vnto Pope Boniface residing at Rome but Benedict was not long in quiet for the Cardinals and Clergie which were about him whereof the chiefe was Iohn of Nouacastello Cardinall of Ostia borne in Burgondy rebelled against him being fauoured and sollicited by the French yea there were sent to Auignon by the duke of Orleance brother to king Charles Robin of Bracamont and William of Mollon who set guards about the Popes pallace ââards set aâout the Popes pallace and kept him as it were prisoner for that hee would not voluntarily relinquish his Popedome But the king of Arragon mediating for him he sent Don Iames Prades his Constable who procured him his libertie and that hee should be obeyed in the Countie of Venice In this tumult there were onely three Cardinals which shut themselues vp with the Pope which were Pampelona Girone and Saint Adrian many men of accompt endured much especially Nauarrois and aboue all Don Martin of Salua Cardinall of Pampelona Don Bertrand of Gramont Pronotarie and Master of the sacred pallace and others This Pope aduanced to the Archbishoprick of Toledo a nephew of his sonne to his brother D. Iohn Martin of Luna beeing Doctor of the Canon law and administrator of the church of Tarragone he was also called D. Pedro de Luna but he was not so soone consecrated The affaires of Castile being reasonable quite the Infant Don Fernand the Kings brother and Duke of Pegnafiel was perswaded by some Noblemen to take vppon him the gouernement of the Realme pretending that the king D. Henries infirmitie and continuall paine was the cause he could not intend it so as many things succeeded not well but this was but a cloake to couer the enuie which they bare to D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos Constable of Castile on whom the king relyed giuing him great authority in all things thoroughout the Realme Famiây of Auaâ lâs issued âot of Nauarre This Constable was borne at Vbeda of meane parentage but honest whose auncestors came out of Nauarre he was a man of great courage and singular iudgement in matters of warre or in any other charge that was committed vnto him It therefore grieued these Noblemen of great houses to be commanded by him seeking to thrust forward the Infant D. Fernand to disturbe the State But D. Fernand was no fit instrument for their desseins for if there were euer an obedient brother and patient in all things it was he besides being of a slow spirit affaires of great consequence did ouercharge him neither did he willingly vndertake them Finally he was a louer of peace and enemie to warre and tumults For these causes he reiected them that would haue him gouerne shewing them the inconueniences and scandals which would grow by such enterprises exhorting them that if his brother did not seeme vnto them very profitable by reason of his infirmities they should attend the remedie from the prouidence of God with patience This Prince Don Fernand was as we haue sayd married to D. Leonora Countesse of Albuquerque who was heire to many Estates in Spaine For besides the Earledome of Albuquerque and the fiue townes of Infantazgo the townes of Haro Bironâ Cerezo Vilhorado Ledesma Codesera Azagala Alconchel Medellin and Alconeta were of her patrimony besides the which king Iohn had giuer her Villalon and Vruegna in exchange of other places She was first called Vrraca but she changed it she was a vertuous Ladie and noble in all her actions hauing many children by her husband as we will shew treating of the affaires of Arragon In the yeare 1403. the riuer of Guadalquibir did so swell as it came ouer the wals of Seuile and couered the houses in the lower parts with great losse of men and goods To preuent which accident the diligence of Alphonso of Toro Gouernour for the iustice of that city is much commended The yeare 1405. 1405. Genealogie of Castile was happie and ioyful to the Castillans by reason of the birth of the Infant Don Iohn heire of those Realmes in the towne of Toro Queene Katherine hauing had before D. Maria at Segobia in the yeare 1401. who was Queene of Arragon A while after she brought the king another daughter called Katherine by the mothers name and was future wife to D. Henry Master of Saint Iames third sonne to the Infant D. Fernand. Pope Boniface the ninth being dead a little before seuen Cardinals did chuse the Archb. of Rauenna called Cosmat borne at Sulmona in the realme of Naples being Cardinal of S. Cruz Innocent the 7. chosen Pope in the place of Boniface the 9 whom they named Innocent the 7. So as the schisme continued stil in the Romish Church His competitor Benedict passed the alpes and came to Genoua to conferre with some Potentates of Italy of the meanes how to cease the schisme Beeing there he did consecrate his nephew D. Pedro de Luna Archb. of Toledo and Primate of Spaine and moreouer made another Archb 9. Bishops and 8. Abbots Hee had in his traine that famous Preacher Vincent of the house of Ferreres of Valencia who then preached in the citty of Genoua and since in many other places and especially in Spaine with a great opinion of holines By the death of D. Diego Hurtado of Mendoça high Admirall of Castile which happened the same yeare there was aduanced to the place D. Alphonso Henriques younger brother to the Earle of Transtamara and to his lands and goods which were as great as any Noblemans in Castile succeeded his sonne D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça a famous personage D. Iohn of Castile one of the base sons of the king D. Pedro had secretly married himselfe in prison to the daugther of Bertrand Erillo his keeper of whom he begat Peter and Constance Constance was a Nunne in the Monasterie of S. Dominicke the royall of Madrid Peter being condemned to perpetuall prison escaped