ground of a mans judgment in reference to persons Pag. 200 The parents covenant takes in all their seed Pag. â—04 The covenant of grace hath two parts viz. spiritual priviledges and saving graces Pag. 206 All mankind for the state of their persons are either under the covenant of works or of grace Pag. 207 It is a special priviledge for parents and children that they are taken into their parents covenant Pag. 208 What the federal holiness of children is shewed negatively and positively Pag. 214 Parents only can give their children a federal right Pag. 219 Objections against it answered Pag. 225 None can have a right to the seals of the covenant but those that are members of the Church Pag. 226 Right of membership conveyed unto children from immediate parents is a truth the whole Scriptures hold forth ibid. The right of membership consists not barely in being baptized Pag. 227 Whether it be converting grace or external profession that gives children this federal right Pag. 230 The reasons why God will have the covenant run by way of entail as to its outward priviledges and not inward graces Pag. 234 How far arguments drawn from circumcision can by way of rule determine any of the essentials of baptism Pag. 236 How far the Jews by being Abrahams seed might pretend right to Evangelic Ordinances Pag. 238 1. The covenant the same for substance both to Jews and Gentiles ibid. 2. The covenant under different administrations as to its external ordinances Pag. 239 3. The Jews and Gentiles on equal terms as to the new administration ibid. How can children who cannot restipulate be taken into covenant with God ibid. 1. Whether consent be essential to a covenant ibid. 2. That infants may enter into covenant with God demonstrated ibid. 3. The consent of the parents is in Gods account accepted for the childrens being in a covenant Pag. 240 Whether it were not better to leave children out of this federal consideration ibid. 1. Gods command not to be disputed ibid. 2 3. To be taken into the parents covenant a great priviledge and dignitie to children ibid. 4 5. The influences of baptism many and great ibid. 6. It lays a great obligation on parents and children ib. 7. Why Christ deferred his baptism so long ibid. SECT III. The Covenant-right of Children applied Pag. 241 Use 1. For information 1. To shew the evils of Anti-pedobaptism 1 Hereby is framed such a covenant as God never made ibid. 2 By this means great injury is done to children ib. 2. The cruelty of unbelieving parents ibid. The Church of Rome no true Church ibid. Use 2. For exhortation 1. Vnto parents to take hold of the covenant for their children Pag. 241 2. Vnto children that they would walk worthy of this covenant-relation ibid. 3. Vnto the Churches of Christ to take care of their members children that they be brought up in the fear of the Lord. ibid. Use 3. For consolation to the people of God ibid. BOOK III. The Covenant of Grace its Nature and Benefits CHAP. I. THE difference between a Law Testament and Covenant Pag. 241 Gods part of the covenant consists in promises 1 Because in Scripture covenant and promises signifie the same thing 2 Because a people taken into covenant are thereby entitled to the promises 3 Because when God performs a promise he is then said to keep his covenant 4 The end of the covenant is but to inherit the promises Pag. 242 A promise is a declaration of Gods eternal purpose concerning good things to come which he ingages his faithfulness freely through Christ to bestow upon his people ibid. The reasons why Gods part of the covenant mainly consists in promises 1 Because Saints life here is a life of faith 2 Promises are great grounds of their hope 3 Great means of their souls purification 4 They are the rule of their prayers Pag. 244 Of Gods promises some are absolute some conditional ib. Absolute promises not formally made unto us but unto Christ Pag. 245 In them the creature is meerly passive ibid. The state of faith is double of affiance of assurance ibid. The ways of assurance are 1 By immediate testimony 2 By mans own graces ibid. The promises of the first covenant were all conditional and supposed grace In the second there are promises of giving grace where there is none ibid. Absolute promises have their degrees of accomplishment as well as conditional Pag. 246 Saâ—â—s should look on the promises as precious and store their souls with them stay their sinking souls upon them and wait for their accomplishment ibid. The way to attain promises is 1 To be sensible of the want of them 2 To get a strong faith 3 To be much in prayer 4 Patiently to wait for them Pag. 247 Grounds to assure the soul of attaining the promise at last 1 Gods faithfulness 2 The covenant made with Christ confirmed by an oath 3 The Intercession of Christ 4 The experience of the Saints Pag. 249 Signs of the near accomplishment of the promise 1 When extremity increases 2 An earnest expectation in the soul which makes him more earnest for it 3 When notwithstanding the heart is brought to a holy indifferency to be content with God alone Pag. 250 The great promises of the covenant on Gods part are personal promises ibid. That there are such promises in which the three Persons in the Godhead are made over to the soul Pag. 251 These promises import a gracious propriety in the persons which God by covenant makes over to the creature ibid. The reasons why the second covenant must have personal promises 1 Because man in his Fall lost all his relation to God 2 Without this he caâ— never be happy 3 These Promises are the grounds of our Vnion with all the Persons in the Trinity Which 4 is the Foundation of all communion Pag. 251 Adam had not such a personal interest in God as the Saints now have Pag. 253 To deny any of the Persons in the Trinity is a devilish Doctrine Pag. 255 c. Saints should exercise faith upon all the Persons grounded upon these Promises 1 As all have a special hand in the sinners Salvation 2 Gods main intendment in the Gospel is to glorifie the three Persons in the Trinity in believers hearts Pag. 257 Saints should exercise Love towards all the three Persons Pag. 258 CHAP. II. The Covenant of Grace makes God to be our God Two things to be considered in God His Essence his Subsistence Pag. 259 To be a God is a Term of Sufficiency and Sovereignty Pag. 260 It notes the manner of fulfilling Promises even as becomes a God ibid. All mankind that are out of covenant have no interest in God ibid. When men are in Covenant with God they change their God Pag. 261 Three things in the New Covenant give a man Propriety in God 1 Gods gracious and free making over of himself 2 Vnion with Christ 3 A free and voluntary giving up the Soul
again yea there is that evil in the satisfaction of it that it will increase the thirst Deut. 29.19 It is adding drunkenness to thirst but this doth allay a mans thirst for ever for there is in the man a well of water springing up to everlasting life Jer. 31.14 Jer. 31.14 I will satiate the soul of the Priest and my people shall be satisfied with goodness there are two words used one is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies to be satisfied even to drunkenness in excess as she did Prov. 7.18 Come let us take our fill of love it is the word that is used of Noah Gen. 9. He was drunken and uncovered in the Tent and the other word is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies to be filled even to weariness and loathing Esa 1.11 I am full of the fat of well-fed beasts it is such a fulness and abundance that the soul cannot desire any more there is such an abundance to be found in God not only to supply our wants but to satiate our desires that if we could extend them to the utmost and as it is said of fear Psal 90.11 Extend your fear to the utmost so it 's true of desire also extend it to the utmost there is something that will fill it still and exceed it for God says Open thy mouth wide and I will fill it which none can do but God alone there is such a satisfaction in God that the soul can desire no more for ever Psal 73.25 Whom have I in heaven but thee and I desire nothing on earth in comparison of thee having the Lord the soul saith there is no place for desires 2. As it is true in this life so it is much more true in the life to come when God shall be all in all immediately and a man shall look upon his parting with the choicest contentments as his happiness they were non in praemium but in solatium and now having done their work I gladly part with them as this worlds goods and therefore it is Cùm mundus undique exarserit cogitat se nihil habere de tanta mole perdendum Sen. quaest nat l. 2. q. 697. being uncloathed the soul seems loth to put on any earthly covering again and the enjoying all more immediately in God he doth rejoyce in it and is satisfied with thy likeness O God Psal 17.15 he that did with joy sell all to buy the Pearl surely will with greater joy leave all to possess the Pearl § 2. This A sufficiency of God is by Covenant made over unto the Saints he is their God as alsufficient and this will appear both by promises and by instances 1. By promises Psal 84.11 The Lord God is a Sun and a shield and no good thing will he withhold from them that love him 1 By Sun is meant all good things all manner of prosperity Solis lux prosperitatis nota sicut Solis occasus metaphoricè omnes calamitates significat The light of the Sun is a note of prosperity as the setting thereof notes all adversity c. Gloss Rhet. pag. 225. See it also in Esa 60.20 Thy Sun shall go down no more it notes a constant and a lasting prosperity a continuing glorious condition Esa 30.26 The light of the Moon shall be as the light of the Sun and the light of the Sun sevenfold it notes not only a great increase of spiritual light in the Church but also great spiritual felicity Sed magnam foelicitatem spiritualem metaphoricè significat c. and on the contrary when he speaks of the going away of all prosperity he says Amos 8.9 Their Sun shall go down at noon as you have already heard 2 What is meant by a Shield by it is meant all manner of defence and safeguard be the danger what it will be Psal 3.4 and 18.3 and it is not that he will provide all this but he will be all things to his people and there is no good thing that he will withhold or keep back from them that walk in their uprightness it is being upright is the condition of the Covenant Gen. 17.2 and so it is as much as to say unto persons in Covenant he will withhold no good all good things shall have their free course and their full passage there shall be no restraint upon any good thing unto such a one to other men indeed mercies and good things have not their free passage cessat gratiarum decursus the Lord gives them some good things the dew of Heaven and the fatness of the Earth and plenty of corn and wine c. but there are some good things that the Lord withholds for so the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies and they do not run out unto men with a full stream but this is the portion of those that are in Covenant they that walk uprightly Psal 34.10 The young lions do want and suffer hunger Psal 34.10 Job 4.11 the old Lion may perish for lack of prey being not able any more to hunt for a prey but the young Lion hath the greatest ability to make provision for himself and therefore it 's strange that they should want any thing either for their hunger or humour Now what is meant by these young Lions 1 Wicked Rulers or men of the greatest strength and of the highest authority as the Lion is the King of the Beasts Take up a lamentation for Pharoz and say Ezech. 32.2 Thou art like a young Lion of the Nations Prov. 28.15 As a roaring Lion so is a wicked Ruler over a poor people and Paul 2 Tim. 4.17 I was delivered out of the mouth of the Lion it 's spoken of Nero. 2 All the great men of the Earth they are compared to Lions for their power for what is stronger than a Lion a Lion is the strongest amongst the Beasts Prov. 30.30 and therefore the Devil is compared to a roaring Lion partly for his power and partly for his cruelty 3 All the subtile Politicians of the Earth that use not only their power but their parts and their policy to oppress others for the Lion is a subtile creature as well as powerful Ezech. 38.13 The merchants of Tarshish and all the young Lions thereof pro negotiatoribus argenteis minis men that know how to take beasts for themselves Muis. Psal 10.9 and to make the best of their market He lies in wait secretly as a Lion men that take the opportunity and the fit season to bring men to destruction and yet men of the highest place the greatest power and the deepest policy they shall lack they shall be brought to poverty and to want they shall not have wherewith to supply themselves but they that seek the Lord and fear him shall want no good thing Who are they you 'l say it is a promise made only unto the people in Covenant with God and so much doth the expression imply as Psal 24.6 This is
I will deliver them 3 They shall use their authority against Religion and against the Saints to subvert the one and destroy the other Nebuchadnezar has no sooner an Empire but he must have a Golden Image and the people must upon pain of death be all of the Kings Religion Let Jeroboam attain the Crown and the people must go no more up to Jerusalem to worship they shall have at Dan and Bethel a worship every way as specious and to human wisdom as rational as that at Jerusalem and all this is for the peoples ease and they willingly walk after the Commandment King Ahaz must have his new-fashion'd Altar and Ahab the worship of Baal the ten Kings give their Kingdoms to the Beast they must use their power to have some human addition and some politick contrivement in matters of Religion and the things of God They shall speak great words against the most High and shall endeavour to wear out the Saints Dan. 7.25 4 And they are also instruments to ruin themselves by their wickedness and the Kingdoms in which they rule As Saul had almost destroy'd the Kingdom The land is weak and all the inhabitants are dissolved I bear up the pillars of it c. Psal 75.3 and Dan. 7.26 He shall do this till the judgment shall sit and dominion shall be taken from him and it shall be consumed and destroy'd to the end Magistrates may so far provoke God in the abuse of their power not only to take away dominion from them but even to destroy the Nation and Government it self for their sakes As Kingdoms were cast off in Rome for the abominations of their King There was a great Star that fell from Heaven and his name was called wormwood and the third part of the waters were become bitter and many perish'd in his downfall It were not harsh to say that most of the Magistrates that ever have been rais'd up in the world have been given to a people in wrath as Saul was and even their persons being such as they are have been fruits of the Curse have been given in judgment and proved very great scourges to the Nations where they lived 2. There is a Curse also upon the people in reference to Magistrates 1 The people shall flatter the Magistrate which is a great judgment Hos 5.11 and by this means he shall lift up himself to his own destruction and they willingly walk after his Commandment It 's a judgment to a people to have a Magistrate command what is evil willingly so it is to a Magistrate to have the people willing to obey any thing be it never so evil to be as a lump that receives any leaven This was the rise of Antichrist and the great judgment that the Kings gave their Kingdoms to the Beast and all the world wondred after the Beast Rev. 13.3 To worship Kings as amongst the Persians to set them up as Gods is base flattery 2 A spirit of jealousie and murmuring of the people against them God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem Judg. 9.23 that they were full of nothing else but jealousie and distrust one of another full of murmuring and complaining If any evil befall them by and by stone Moses if he deliver them it is that he may make himself altogether a King over them and put out their eyes that they may see nothing Don't we see how things are carry'd all for your own advancement as Corah and his Company said And when he had wrought the greatest deliverance for them yet they cry out That he did bring them out of Egypt out of envy because there were no graves there it was but to bury them in the Wilderness as a sick Patient says to a Physician surely you mean to kill me when all his endeavour tends to cure him 3 Sometimes they rebell against the Magistrates and disobey their Commandment endeavouring by force to cast off their Government As Absalom's Conspiracy with the people against David his own Father besides all the people of Israel were with Absalom And in Rehoboams time To your Tents O Israel let David take care for his own house what portion have we in David and inheritance in the son of Jess c. If Sheba the son of Bichri the most obscure man do but blow the Trumpet and say we have no part in David all Israel will be ready to desert and fall off from their loyalty and allegiance As the meanest man shall have power enough to make a party against Government And men will forsake them when they are in danger and stand in most need of them as when the Philistins came against Saul and made war against him all the people were scatter'd from him And so others if danger come the people leave them to themselves after all their care and pains with the greatest faithfulness bestow'd upon them 4 God many times leaves Magistrates for the peoples sins 2 Sam. 24.1 The Lord was angry with Israel and he moved David against them to say Go number Israel and Judah David is left to this sin but it was the Lord's anger against Israel that did provoke him thereunto that by this sin he might bring upon them the judgment Ob peccata populi labitur princeps and therefore Peter Martyr's observation is That the people may much help and assist their Magistrates in Government Orando recte vivendo by prayer and wel-living and therefore when the people neglect these Saepe a Deo deseruntur the Magistrates are oft left by God c. 2. The Relation between Ministry and People is cursed 1 There is a Curse upon the Ministers in reference to the People Jer. 23. 1 They shall prove unprofitable and of none effect they shall not profit this people at all Though they rise early and go forth in all their might yet men make excuses when they come to invite them and they go their way one to his Farm and another to his Merchandize c. And we can but return the same account that Melancthon did when he first went forth to preach Old Adam is too strong for young Melancthon It was a part of the Curse that was upon Christ for us in the days of his flesh Isa 49.5 I have labour'd in vain and I have spent my strength in vain The word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth signifie my radical moisture and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies utterly to waste and perfectly to consume And yet Christ has done all this in respect of success in vain for Israel is not gather'd 2 The people build hay and stubble upon the foundation that their Ministers lay and that not only ungodly men 1 Cor. 3. but even godly men whose work may be consumed and they suffer loss and yet their souls be saved in the day of the Lord 1 Cor. 3. Satan can sometimes get into Peter and carry him away to a dissimulation as Barnabas also
a seeking their Fathers life as Absalom did David's Vse the young man well for my sake says the father but when Hushai said We will smite the King only the saying pleas'd Absalom well And the son shall betray the father to death Sennacherib was slain by his two Sons 4 The parting with Children at death and not knowing in what condition a man shall leave them is a great part of a mans vexation In this life it 's a great part of the Curse His Sons come to honour and he knows it not they are brought low and he considers it not c. That was Luther's comfort in his Will Lord thou hast given me Wife and Children and I give them to thee again Qui pater es pupillorum judex viduarum which art the Father of Orphans and Judge of the Widows But the contrary is a very great affliction unto the hearts of Parents and a great part of a mans misery that Children must suffer for the Parents sins and God may visit the iniquity of Parents upon Children to the third and fourth Generation 2. Parents also are a Curse to their Children 1 The sins of Parents are transmitted to the Children We see Adam did bring a Curse upon himself and all his posterity and the infants of Sodom were involved in the punishment of the sins that they were not in themselves guilty of Ezech. 4.25 God reserved the punishment of the Fathers for their Children for three hundred and ninety years together Chams sins and Canaans is punisht nine hundred twenty-five years after and Gehazi his Leprosie cleaves to him and his posterity and the Jews in Crucifying Christ say his blood be upon us and our children and so wrath is come upon them to the uttermost for many Generations 1 This is a punishment upon the Parent and a testimony of great wrath that not only Judgment comes upon himself but upon his posterity 2 It 's only in Temporal things for an Eternal Curse never comes upon Children but for their own sins but for Temporal Curses they are dispens'd in a way of prerogative and the Lord will lay those Curses upon Children which the Parents did deserve and they are gone down to Hell to receive 2 Parents prove snares and plagues to their Children by betraying their liberties losing of their priviledges Rom. 3.2 Vnto them were committed the Oracles of God Now when they shall forfeit them and part with their priviledges by little and little What a curse is this The Ordinances and the Truths of the Gospel are the greatest trust committed to Parents but when they provoke the Lord to call them Loammi and to cast them off then they are forfeited As Rom. 11. the natural branches are broken off and their posterity are cast out as an abominable branch only the Lord will in time graft them in again So many a Father does lose glorious priviledges and opportunities for his Children Saul did divest himself of the Kingdom and all his posterity Now would I have established the Kingdom to thee c. 3 By an evil example 1 Pet. 1.18 corrupting them by their vain conversation received by tradition from their Fathers Jer. 44.17 We will burn incense to the Queen of Heaven as we have done we and our fathers our Kings and our Princes in the cities of Judah c. 4 The Father may forsake his Son yea he may forget When my father and mother forsake me says the Psalmist the Lord takes me up And the Father may betray the Son to death as we see Saul did Jonathan if he will not comply with his lusts he shall not live he throws a Javelin at him to kill him c. SECT III. Spiritual Death § 1. WE have thus far considered the first Branch of the Covenant's Curse and that consists in Temporal death Now let us come to consider the second Branch of it which is Death Spiritual and that is All the spiritual evil that can befal the soul of man in this life whether of sin or sorrow And it 's as possible for a man to weigh the fire and to measure the wind and number the stars or count the sand upon the sea-shore as to reckon the particulars wherein this Death consists Godly men that study the evils of their own hearts all their days yet cry out The heart is deceitful above all things who can know it Jer. 17.10 The word signifies an incurable disease it s only the Lord that can cure and search it and know the malignity of it And as it is said of Vertue and the beauty of Holiness if it could be seen with bodily eyes Mirabilem excitaret amorem sui it would stir up a wonderful love of it self so could the death of the soul and the evils of it be seen it would stir up hatred and amazement above all things in the world A godly man that sees but a little of it when God opens his eyes he abhors himself and loaths his own soul Job 42.6 And Luther blessed God that he did not shew him sin all at once but by degrees it would have sunk him with the apprehension of it This will be the study of men in Hell to all eternity to rake into this filthiness of the soul and the death thereof for Hell is the grave of the soul and the rottenness of it shall be studied there for ever And this shall be the work of that never-dying worm the souls reflection upon it self and its own loathsomeness and to loath it self for ever Consider 1 the soul is the darling and therefore the beauty of a man and the worth of the man lies in the hidden man of the heart which is in the sight of God of great price 1 Pet. 3.3 and therefore the deformity of the soul is the greatest The worth of the man is from the worth of the soul Prov. 10.20 The heart of the wicked is little worth His Lands and his Honour and his Cloaths may be worth much in the esteem of the world but his soul is worth nothing Therefore the value of a man is in his spirit though there be other things that we commonly prize men by yet those that judge aright count the Saints upon this account the excellent ones Psal 16.3 and all others to be vile men how great and rich soever Dan. 4.17 Psal 15. And a man does prosper truly as his soul prospers 3 Joh. 2. and not as his body prospers or as his estate prospers Therefore a man is filthy if his soul is filthy and vile as his soul is vile and he decays as his soul does from day to day 2 The great difference between men and men lies in their spirits Caleb had another spirit Numb 14.24 Our distinctions for the present are but for a time and death will make all equal that as we were all made of one body so we shall all be dissolved into the same dust they are all but for the time
Joh. 14.30 The Prince of this world comes and has nothing in me Joh. 14.30 He came in his instrument Judas and the Pharisees and the high Priest and the Soldiers Satan stirred them up And he has nothing in me that is as some render it nothing of his own when he speaks a lye he speaks of his own Let your conversation be yea and nay for what is more is of the evil one And he hath nothing that is no power and authority over me by reason of sin all mankind is subject unto death and therefore are under the power of him that has the power of death that is the Devil Heb. 2.15 But where there is no sin Satan has no power and therefore they are called the rulers of the darkness of this world Ephes 6.12 He is a Prince of darkness and his power lyes in darkness indeed Interpreters by darkness do understand ungodly and unregenerate men who are called sometimes darkness it self in the abstract Ephes 5.8 You were sometimes darkness but now you are light in the Lord and so Satan is a ruler over the wicked of the world i. e. the darkness of the world but it is sin that is this darkness and gives them this denomination and therefore so much sin as there is in any man so much power the Devil has over him because so much a party of his own he has within him 3. This corruption is in the will of a regenerate man as well as in any other part so that even in the very remainders of sin in the Saints there is an inclination to sin wilfully against knowledgâ— even a tendency to the great transgression the sin against the Holy Ghost and therefore David prays against presumptuous sins in reference unto the great transgression So shall I be innocent Psal 19.13 There was looking on his own corruption a tendency to presumptuous sins and these in their own nature make way for the unpardonable sin I confess a godly man cannot sin unto death 1 Joh. 5.18 Whosoever is born of God keeps himself that the evil one does not touch him He can never touch him with this sin because he is born of God and the seed of God remains in him But though a regenerate man cannot commit this sin against the Holy Ghost nor the seeds and remainders of lust within him be ever so fat improved and blown up by Satan yet there is a tendency in them thereunto as Divines say in the matter of conversion God works the will that is ex nolentibus volentes facit of unwilling makes men willing Tollit Deus resistentiam vincentem Doth God at the same time take away all the unwillingness in a man is not there then a principle that gain says and denies they say there is and something that does resist yet so as it shall never overcome but the Spirit of God and the Almighty Power of God in conversion gets the victory and as it is in perseverance a regenerate man cannot fall away Grace is an immortal seed though not in its own nature so properly for it is a Creature and therefore subject to change and the grace that was in Adam and the Angels though perfect was subject to change much more imperfect grace cannot preserve it self and therefore they say Auferi actum deficiendi sed potentia ad actum non aufertur God takes away the act of failing albeit the power to the act is not taken away There is in the nature of Grace a possibility of decay that shall never be reduced into act but shall be preserved by the power of God and the Spirit of Christ and the unchangeableness of the Covenant of Grace so though a godly man by grace shall be preserved from the sin against the Holy Ghost that he shall never actually fall into it yet the remainders of corruption that are within him have a tendency thereunto and in themselves considered there is a possibility even for a godly man to sin the sin unto death if they were left unto the violence of their lusts and not supported by a supply of the Spirit of Christ 4. Regenerate men may be given up unto spiritual judgments They are left very far unto and under the power of Satan the Saints may be hardned from Gods fear Isa 63.17 Satan may harden them by temptation and God may give them up in judgment thereunto 1 Cor. 5.5 Deliver such a man unto Satan a godly man may be rightly excommunicated and if so that which is bound on earth God will bind in Heaven his sins may be bound upon his Conscience as unpardoned till he does repent and he be as it were under a sequestration for a time of all the benefits comforts and emoluments of the state of Grace and being without left under the power of Satan who would carry him to sin whereby God would afterward awaken his Conscience c. for there are two ways that Satan does ordinarily work upon godly men when they are given over unto him and left in a measure by God in his power either wasting a mans Conscience and bringing a man unto such a hardness of heart and a spirit of slumber that a man lives in a wretched security and neglect of his duty towards God or peace with God and gives himself over to the pleasures of sin and the comforts of the Creatures with a kind of greediness and that for many days and years together as we see it in Solomon who under a spiritual judgment did not with hold his heart from any Creature-comforts or delight whatsoever or else Satan works upon the weakness of a mans spirit and his apprehensions of wrath God writing bitter things against a man and Satan drawing conclusions out of them to draw the man to despair of mercy and to seek his own destruction and so a man may go despairing and disconsolate all his days so that God may give him up to spiritual judgments 5. There being this principle within him and thus left in judgment unto the power of Satan he does strangely raise and improve and draw out this corruption and blow these sparks into a flame As Job 3.1 Then Job opened his mouth and cursed the day of his birth Before under all his afflictions his mouth was full of blessing The Lord gave and the Lord takes blessed be the name of the Lord and shall we receive good things at the hand of God and not evil There is a seed of corruption in those that are most holy which if Satan improve he will draw forth in them very foul acts of enmity to God and contrariety unto themselves as we see in Peter at first his mouth was full of nothing but promises and engagements of adhering to Christ and though all men forsake thee yet will not I but being left into the winnowings of Satan at Satans desire he is first possessed with fear and that grows to a denial of Christ
justifie themselves in an evil way and to extenuate their sins and they do call light darkness and darkness light evil good and good evil and they love to have Prophets that should call them so also Now comes the Law as a glass and that discovers duty and makes men to see their sins and the duties that they hate and the evil of the sin which they love and delight in The Law is in Scripture resembled unto a glass and a glass it is two ways as it discovers duty and so it is of use in four things Jam. 1.24 1 As a glass it shews to a man that holiness â—â—â—â—ure and life that God did give unto him and require of him in his state of innocency which condition man has lost now and if a man look into the nature and lives of the best men he can find only some vestigia and poor beginnings of it which are not indicia veteris hominis but rudimenta novi not indices of the old man but rudiments of the new 2 Christ was our surety made under the Law and answered the precept and the curse and the Lord rather required if we may compare it that the precept should be fulfilled than the curse be born because the principal intention of the Lords giving the Law was obedience to the precept and not the suffering of the curse now all that holiness that was required of Christ and performed by him either in nature or life we may behold in the Law thus the righteousness of the Law is fulfilled in us there is in our justification a commutation of the person but not of the righteousness 3 The Law is unto the Saints a glass that shews them the obedience that the Lord doth require of them the Gospel indeed gives grace to obey but the Gospel requires no other obedience but that which the Law does discover as a rule a man must look into the perfect law of liberty and continue therein Psal 119.6 I shall not be ashamed when I have respect unto all thy commandments c. 4 It is the glass of perfection in the life to come Joh. 3.2 When he shall appear we shall be like him There shall be a perfect conformity in nature and life in us unto the Law in all things and we shall be every one of us living Scripture and walking Bibles for the word of the Lord is written in the heart and turned into grace enduring for ever c. Here indeed we have little conformity to the Law of God but hereafter our holiness shall be perfected 2. By the Law is the knowledg of sin when the commandment came sin revived and I died As a glass set before a man discovers his spots and as the light coming into a dark place shews our filthiness that before was hid An unregenerate man would never see his sin nor search himself nor turn into his own heart and try his ways if the Law did not make these discoveries All reflex thoughts he hates and if at any time he be forced into them and hath a glimpse of himself that does affright him that he does begin to see his own ugliness and deformity and smell the savour of his own filthiness even the sepulcher that is within him he doth immediately turn from it as an unpleasing sight which he is no ways willing to behold and fix his eyes upon Jam. 1. Beholding his natural face in a glass he forgets what manner of man he was Though he may remember the notions of a Sermon that are speculative to adorn his understanding yet the discoveries of his own sin and self in a Sermon he doth quickly forget and therein the main forgetfulness of a hearer of the Law lyes Now the Law has a constraining power and sets a mans sins in order before him and makes a man see his own vileness and holds it to his eyes that he cannot look off it but he crys out Psal 50. my iniquity is always before me as it was with Judas his sin in betraying innocent blood was still so present with him that he chose strangling rather than any income of comfort from any creature he quickly returned the thirty pieces of silver again So let all unregenerate men go from one creature to another and build Cities like Cain and add to their recreation and pleasures of sin yet still the sight of sin is by the light in this glass set before them and haeret lateri lethalis arundo the mortal dart sticks in his side 8. It forces men to a self-judgment and condemnation for sin and an expectation of the judgment of God for it Every natural man is willing to acquit himself and to put off the thoughts of judgment to put far from them the evil day and to say I shall sit as a lady for ever and shall see no sorrow or cry peace peace when sudden destruction comes upon him For there doth two evils go with a way of sinning Isa 2.1 1 a hard heart 2 a spirit of deep sleep that a man is willing to sleep and not to wake to see his danger as one that lyes down in the middle of the sea Prov. 23.34 or as one that sleeps on the top of a mast but a gracious heart troubles himself for sin and lays the judgment of God to the sin and labours to bring his heart to a trembling frame under the sense of it Joh. 11. as we see in Josiah and in Christ himself and so do all the godly if any affliction befall a child of God if he be judged of God he does clear God in it Psal 51.4 Rom. 3. and willingly takes the blame upon himself that he may justifie God but the property of a 〈◊〉 regenerate man is to justifie God but the property of an unregenerate man is to justifie himself and to condemn God Job 40.8 Says the Apostle Paul is God unrighteous I speak as a man Says Job Wilt thou disanull my judgment wilt thou condemn me that thou maist be righteous It is the disposition that is in the heart of men by nature to condemn God that they may justifie themselves Now the Law of God comes in with the coaction of it and that forces this man to judg himself and to fill him with fear and expectation of wrath Rom. 3.20 That all flesh may become guilty that they may appear and acknowledge themselves guilty before God Rom. 7 Sin revived and I died that is seeing self in a state of death and this is called the spirit of fear Rom. 8.15 and a receiving of judgment Heb. 10. This we may see in the Devils they know there is a time of torment coming wrath unto which they are reserved and they believe it and tremble and that never-dying worm that shall be in Hell is nothing else but from this coaction of the Law and the spirit of God setting a mans sins in order before him whereon there follows
wherein the Authority or Soveraignty of the Great King does appear for wherein does the authority of Princes lye but in their Laws and he is counted a rebell that does disobey them and that of the Apostle Rom. 2. Through breaking the Law dishonourest thou God and the Nomothetick power is that wherein the greatness and the height of Majesty lyes and this Law we are subjected to by bond of Creation as having received our being from the Lord and by a bond of Stipulation having given up our consent to the Law having given the hand unto the Lord c. and as being the rule by which the Lord will judge men at the last day and this kept Joseph in awe against the importunity of his Mistress How shall I do this great wickedness and sin against God the Majesty and Authority of God is despised in it and the Soveraignty of the Law being exalted in his heart carried with it a kind of moral impossibility for there be natural and moral impossibilities as the Apostle in the 1 Cor. We can do nothing against the truth but for the truth And sometimes the people of God in the violence of a temptation have been forced to fly to the Commandment as in the point of self-murder one was fain to do the temptation was so impetuous that he was forced to repeat the Commandment for some hours together Thou shalt do no murder thou shalt do no murder 3. Sin is restrained from the Curse of the Law and the Judgements that it does denounce against offenders and the several examples of the executions of them says Job Chap. 31.23 Destruction from God was a terror to me and because of his highness I could not indure And 2 Cor. 5. Knowing therefore the terror of the Lord we perswade men And observing the several examples of Judgments and the Curse of the Covenant upon wickednesses which are wrought that others may see and fear and do no more wickedly When a man looks upon the Judgements that are abroad as the Curse of the Law executed a man should say I will not transgress It was the sin of Judah that at the Captivity of Israel she would not be warned and would not receive correction for that man that has the Law against him has God against him 4. Sin is restrained from the Harmony of the Law he that breaketh one is guilty of all c. This makes men stand in awe of the Divine Commands 5. From Gods love to the Law it being that which is so dear unto God Heaven and Earth shall pass away but not an iota of the Law which is dearer to God than Heaven and Earth The Saints are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and they have a conformity unto God in all things they love what God loves and they hate what God hates Says the Psalmist I hate them that hate thee Psal 119.10.4 yea I hate them sore as if they were my enemies Through thy precepts I get understanding He says He did love the Law as his portion and inheritance as that which was sweeter to him than honey and his obedience unto which did bring him in all his comfort and therefore I have refrained my feet from every evil way this is my life and this is my wisdom in the sight of the Nations Lastly What authority and command the Law of God has in the hearts of men is that that Gods eye is much upon and with such men he is pleased and the power of Gods Grace is seen mainly in the awe of the Law upon their hearts and lives which other men despise and cast behind their back says the Lord To him will I look that trembles at my word Isa 66.2 And there is a man that fears an oath My heart stands in awe of thy Word else I had broken forth and given way to corruption but I durst not Isa 11.6 A little child shall lead him that which is most easily done and 2 Chron. 32.12 see the charge against Zedekiah for he humbled not himself before Jeremiah the Prophet speaking from the mouth of the Lord. If a man come to us from God and in the name of God if we despise him we despise the Lord. § 3. How is the Law from its restraint upon lust a servant and a handmaid unto the Gospel This will appear also in these Particulars 1. The great end of the Gospel is to establish the Earth and to continue the World for by sin an utter destruction should have come upon men and upon all the creatures for mans use only there is a stop put upon Justice for a time the change of the Covenant bringing in a change of the Government and the Kingdom that was before the fall administred by God immediately is now committed into the hands of the Son as he is God-man our Mediator So Psal 8. He has put all things in subjection under his feet Isa 49.8 and he has given him as a Covenant to establish the earth And it is upon this ground that those expressions are Psal 93. The Lord reigns he is clothed with Majesty the world is established that it cannot be moved And Psal 97.1 The Lord reigns let the earth rejoice All this is spoken of the Kingdom of Christ and his Government that is committed to him by the Father under the second Covenant and by vertue thereof since the fall And this the Lord doth by the restraint of the Law two ways 1 Hereby the lusts that are in a mans heart are kept under that they destroy not one another for lust is cruel see it in the second man that ever was in the world and he that first actually brought murder into the world and Nimrod a hunter of men before the Lord and as cruel to men as if they were beasts nay they are themselves Beasts and have the cruelty of Beasts and men would be as the fishes of the Sea the greater would devour the less they have no King over them and are acted by the spirit of the Devil and his name is Abaddon the destroyer his delight is wholly in destruction and if the Lord did leave men to the violence of their lusts and the impetuosity of temptation they would overflow as water over-running all banks and bounds and blood would touch blood where either as some say by blood is meant murder Hos 4.2 or all manner of horrible wickedness and so some take it so there is all manner of cruelty and all manner of unnatural wickedness even to the destroying of one another as we see it in Egypt every mans sword shall be against his brother and in the cruelty at the destruction of Jerusalem Now how comes it to pass that it is not so every where Only from the restraint of the Law laid upon the spirits of men and by this means the world is quieted as Luther in Gal. 3. hath observed Diâ—bolus regnat in toto orbe terrarum impellit homines
the great and the wise and the noble and make choice of babes and the foolish things of this world that have nothing in them that should commend them but free-grace made the difference and it is this that raiseth them up above their brethren He will have mercy on whom he will have mercy and he gives a commission to his loving kindness to take hold of such a soul and he hears a voice behind him when he is posting with his back upon God and his face towards Hell and there is a voice that he hears that other men do not therefore it is said Act. 9.22 That they saw the light but they heard not the voice of him that spake to me they were with him and yet there was a voice came to Paul a noise and a sound of it they did hear but to hear so as to have it made effectual to their souls that proceeds only from peculiar love 4. That in this Covenant 1 Our persons should be taken into the same Covenant with the Son of God is the highest advancement as the greatest and lowest abasement of Christ was Gal. 4.4 to be made under our Covenant to be made under the Law and so under the curse thereof being made sin so the highest advancement of man is to come under Christs Covenant and thereby we have an interest in his Righteousness and Sonship and by this there is the nearest relation between God and us for it is a Matrimonial Covenant the nearest and the sweetest Union and it is a Covenant of Friendship wherein there is the fullest communion beyond that of the Angels themselves for we are betrothed unto the Lord in mercies and loving kindness Hos 2.18 19. 2 In respect of our services it is by the Covenant that they have a reference unto a reward there is not the meanest services of the Saints that shall lose their reward not a cup of cold water therefore Luther says The whole world has not a reward good enough for the least service of a Saint and professes he had rather be the author of the meanest work of the Saints than of the most glorious acts of Alexander or of Caesar And this reference unto a reward riseth from this Covenant for Psal 16.3 Christ saith Our goodness extends not unto God There was in Christ a merit but it was only ex pacto Heb. 10. it is by his will they are sanctified and through his acceptation had not he made a Covenant with the Lord it had been free with God the Father to accept the righteousness of Christ or not and therefore there is the Grace of Union and of Unction and even the Merit of Christ the ground of it is free-grace by vertue of the Covenant that passed between the Father and the Son and therefore much more that our works or any thing we do should have any relation to a reward from God especially as to Eternal Life § 2. But did not Christ purchase this Covenant or else by his entreaty obtain it for Christ is the Mediator of the new Covenant and therefore it may be at his request the Lord did make this Covenant with us and not singly out of his own love to us I answer No Christ did not merit the Grace of the Covenant there is a difference to be carefully put between the Covenant it self and the benefits and fruits of the Covenant all the fruits of the Covenant are dispensed by Christ and are part of his purchase as Heaven Grace and Glory the very being of a Church God has purchased it with his own blood but as for the Covenant it self it is that in which Christ is promised and all the Merits of Christ and all our acceptation with God through him and it is part of the Covenant that God makes with us I will give you my Son and one of the grand promises thereof and when he did resolve to enter into Covenant with man then Christ becomes his servant and his chosen he being to be the second Adam and Person into whose hand all the transactions of this Covenant should be committed And to exalt this free-grace in him that is the Prince of the Covenant and that we may see all things are of God 2 Cor. 5.18 Who has reconciled us to himself in Christ and all things that do appertain to the Kingdom of Christ He that built all things is God Heb. 3.4 it is spoken in reference to his House that is his Church and not in reference to the general works of Creation so that though it is Christ that is the builder of his House and as a Lord in his own House yet in Christ it is God that is the builder of it all things are originally of him and this Grace of God in Christ as the Prince of the Covenant will appear in these Particulars 1. There is free-grace in designation for he is the Elect of God Isa 42.1 and Prov. 8.22 He is the beginning of the ways of God the first-born among many brethren one first in the womb of Gods Decree and therefore had therein the preheminence he was first elected and we in him And as our Election was an act of free-grace He hath mercy on whom he will have mercy so was Christs also an act of the same grace and therefore Heb. 1.3 He is the brightness of his glory the express image of his person As he is God so all the acts of the Father are acts of nature as his generation is from God naturally and therefore necessarily But as he is the Head of the Church and the Prince of the Covenant of Grace as God-man so he comes under the acts of the will of God and it was free with God whether he would have chosen him to this Office and put this honour upon him or no and therefore as in the one he is haeres natus a born heir so in the other he is constitutus a constituted heir So that even in Christ all is of Gods free-grace he did not honour himself he did not appoint himself but it was the Lord that did call him and design him to this service and wrote his name in the volume of his book so some expound that place Heb. 10.7 the first page of it he being the beginning of all Gods going forth towards the Creature 2. There is free-grace in the Fathers qualification and preparing and fitting of Christ for this great work it is true that Christ was God and had a power equal with his Father and therefore thought it no robbery to be so yet the Scripture doth attribute all unto the free-grace of the Father 1 It was God the Father that prepared him a body he that doth give unto every one of us a body as it pleased him he also did give the Lord Christ a body and did fashion it according to his good pleasure even a humane nature Heb. 10.5 the Holy Ghost did overshadow the Virgin that she should
promise higher things the Lord to be your God and Christ to be your head your Husband his Spirit to be the guide of your way and also the earnest of your inheritance a higher Righteousness a higher Sonship a nearer Union a fuller Communion as the Spouse of Christ and as his Members and a more exceeding eternal weight of glory being rewarded not according unto the Covenant of man but according to the Covenant of Christ 3 Better promises because of their assurance and stability the promises of the first Covenant might come to an end and be swallowed up in the Curse as they were but the promises of the second are the sure mercies of David for the righteousness of it is an everlasting righteousness and therefore the promises are eternal promises 4 But there is one thing as great as any of these and that is they are all of them the promises made unto Christ and by vertue of the Covenant belong unto him 2 Cor. 1.20 In him are all the promises yea and Amen That is they are made unto him and they belong unto us and unto us are fulfilled only by vertue of our Union with him as we live in him and dye in him so we receive promises in him and this is the sweetness of all Gospel promises they do every one of them carry a man to the fountain of his interest and that brings into the Soul infinitely the more sweetness As if a Wife take a favour from her Husband and look no further there is not so much in it but yet in every favour she is carried back unto the Marriage Covenant which assures her not only of this but also of all others whatever is his she has a right to because of the Covenant past between them this is sweet to her And so here it brings into the Soul the sweetness of all the promises together with the present mercy As to a wicked man in Hell that hath the terrors of God upon him every evil doth carry him unto the fountain of it and that is to the anger and hatred of God and the curse of the Covenant that he hath broken and this imbitters his misery a Thousand times more for now the Soul saith this is but a pledge of infinitely more wrath So it is here every promise carries him to the fountain and that assuring him not only of this supply but whatever else he can stand in need of for in a mans interest in Christ is infinite more sweetness than in any blessing or benefit we receive by him Now when a man shall look upon this promise not only as sweet but as his inheritance as he is a Son of Abraham and an Heir of Promise it brings with it infinitely more sweetness than the promises of mercy it self abstractly and in it self injoyed 5. For all the duties and obedience to the Covenant And this is commonly the great affliction of the people of God the Gospel requires obedience as well as the Law and there is a Law of Christ to be kept and there is a yoak of Christ to be born and Christ that hath abolished the Law as a Covenant and a Curse has established the Law as a rule of Gospel obedience and hath therein made it a hand-maid to the Gospel and therefore the Law upon Mount Sinai was given in the hand of a Mediator Gal. 3.19 And how shall we be able to perform this duty by the power of inherent grace It is impossible 1 from the remainders of sin Rom. 7. There is a law in the members rebelling against the law of the mind and the fulfilling of the Law requires a holy nature as well as a holy life 2 From the imperfections of Grace Says the Apostle Paul Not that I have already attained not that I am already perfect c. And how then shall a man appear before God Now comes in the Covenant of Christ and of this Covenant he is a surety Heb. 7.22 not only to pay the debt that we did owe under the old Covenant but also to perform the duty that is required of me under the new and therefore the Lord did lay help on one that is mighty we should have failed Psal 89. for we could neither pay the debt of the one nor do the duty of the other therefore the Lord hath laid all upon Christ and will expect all of him and he must present us unto his Father as a glorious Church without spot or wrinkle and what imperfection soever there be in our duties he must offer them pure before God with his odours and all this is from the Covenant made with him In him is our fruit found Rev. 8.3 6. The stability of the Covenant can never fail it is an everlasting Covenant and sure mercy 1 Upon the faithfulness of God it 's confirmed with an Oath 2 From the obedience of Christ who hath performed all that is required in this Covenant 3 From the promise made unto him for the Oath is made first to Christ Heb. 7. Psal 110. and if the Lord could fail with you he could not fail with him There are Three things that amongst men are in a special manner noted as the acts of the highest injustice and wickedness 1 To keep back the hirelings wages 2 Not to fulfill the will of the dead 3 The cry of innocent blood going unrevenged and all these the Lord abhors in men and they shall not be found in him Now Christ is Gods hired servant and his reward is Heb. 9.15 16. to see the travail of his soul it is his last Will and Testament when he died that by means of his death they that are called might receive the promise and it 's a blood that speaks better things than the blood of Abel Adams Covenant did change because it was established with a mutable head And hence as the Lord doth make suppositions Isa 54.10 The Mountains may depart and the Hills remove if you can change the Covenant of the day and of the night then may the Covenant of my peace be broken And in assurance thereof the Saints do make supplications The Lord is our God we will not fear though the earth be removed and the mountains cast into the sea Psal 46.1 2. And the root of all the stability of the Covenant lyes in Christ the foundation of the Covenant 7. The acceptation that you find with God is grounded hereupon 2 Cor 5.9 We labour whether present or absent to be accepted of him and there is a double acceptation one of persons and the other of services 1 Of persons as we find Gen. 4.4 If thou dost well thou shalt be accepted says God offer it to thy Prince will he accept thy person 2 Of services Mal. 1. Heb. 12.28 They are acceptable services As God delights in the plagues of wicked men Psal 120. Coals of Juniper which burn sweetly and fiercely so in the services of the
stead that what he did was accounted to be ours whether to righteousness and life or unto sin and death but yet so that had he stood the same obedience was in their own persons required of his posterity for themselves as was required of Adam though not with the same respect not as publick persons and representative heads so that if they had not performed it they had fallen for themselves though all mankind had not fallen if Adam had stood for the woman was first in the transgression 1 Tim. 2. Rom. 5.12 and yet though the woman fell first all mankind did not fall in her fall but by one man sin entred into the world and therefore it was not every sin of a particular person that would have destroyed all mankind but of their representative only But the second Covenant hath this in it that the first never had in Adam the second Covenant hath a surety and that is something more than a publick person that is one that represents another and stands in his place and is bound unto his debt so that if the person ingaged pay not the debt the surety must and so Adam was not the surety for all mankind that he would perform the debt or bear the curse for them all there was no Covenant that had a Surety but Christ and he was a surety of the first Covenant Gal. 4.4 made under the Law and of a better Covenant to perform all the duties of the Gospel So that all that is required is of Christ as the second Adam only in his publick capacity and representation the Law is required of us but if we perform it not we have a surety that has undertaken it Thus as the first Covenant was made with the first Adam and all his posterity so the second Covenant is made with the second Adam and all his posterity also 2. We read of a Covenant made with Persons and people and promised unto them as special mercies a Covenant made with Abraham and Isaac a Covenant made with David 2 Sam. 23.5 The Lord has made with me an everlasting Covenant in all things ordered and sure And there is a Covenant made with a people also Jer. 31.31 God made a Covenant with the house of Judah a Covenant that he would bring them under the bonds of the Covenant and Esa 55.3 Every one that thirsts come to the waters c. and I will make an everlasting Covenant with you even the sure mercies of David and Ezec. 16. I entred into Covenant with thee and thou becamest mine and therefore Zac. 9.12 By the blood of thy Covenant I have delivered the prisoners out of the pit in which there is no water 3. Men are said to make the Covenant and to break it Hezekiah exhorts them 2 Chron. 30.7 8. to give the hand unto the Lord 2 Chron. 30.7 8. it 's an expression of entring into Covenant as striking the hand is in the Proverbs an expression of entring into suretiship for another there are four expressions of it in 1 Chron. 29.24 All the Princes and the mighty men and all the house of the Kingdom gave their hands unto Solomon it notes a military subjection by way of Covenant and agreement between them they did take an oath of Allegiance unto him And so that expression to joyn the hand Ezeck 17.18 He hath broken the Covenant after he had given his hand c. and Job 17.3 to strike hand is to enter into suretiship or to be engaged in a Covenant so the saints are said to enter into Covenant with the Lord by sacrifice Psal 50.5 Esay 56. and they are said to take hold of the Covenant again they are said to break the Covenant which could not be if the Covenant were not made with them and not to be faithful and constant therein Psal 25.10 Lev. 26.15 4. It will appear from the promises of the second Covenant though it 's true that they are all yea and amen in him yet are they properly and formally made unto us either the first promises of grace or else of reward unto grace Promises of grace are He will give his Spirit and will give repentance he will heal our backslidings c. and we have an unction from the holy one c. And reward of service done either in the inward dispositions Blessed are the pure in spirit blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness c. or in the outward action 1 Cor. 9.24 So run that you may obtain 1 Cor. 15. ult your labour is not in vain in the Lord. And though the Covenant be made only out of free grace yet the Saints do claim these promises not only out of mercy but from the faithfulness of God 1 Cor. 10.19 1 Jo. 1.9 2 Tim. 4.8 God is faithful who will not suffer you to be tempted above that you are able he is faithful and just to forgive us c. And what is the ground of this but the Covenant of God whereby his faithfulness is ingaged 5. The Covenant of grace is a Covenant in the hand of a Mediator and confirmed by the death of the Testator Heb. it 's not only a Covenant but it 's a Testament 1 Christ is the Mediator now no man is a mediator between God and himself a Mediator is not a Mediator of one it must be a third person a dayes-man that must lay hold upon both therefore there is a Covenant made with Christ and Christ is a Mediator for the establishment of the Covenant with us also And 2 Christ is the Testator he died and left his Legacies of all the promises to the saints now no man gives a Legacy to himself In the Covenant made between the Father and Christ Christ is a party and a publick person but in this Covenant between God and us he is a Mediator and the Testator by whom we receive all the Legacies and Inheritance that he has purchased for us and granted to us Rom. 4.11 6. The Sacraments are seals of the Covenant of grace Now if we look upon the Covenant made with Christ and consider that his faith was perfect in God and he knew the Lord would not fail him but saies He is near that justifies me who will contend with me he will not leave my soul in Hell c. But though Christ had a strong faith yet we have but a weak faith and therefore had need of Sacraments and outward signs to confirm it wherefore the Sacraments are not to confirm the Covenant made with Christ but the Covenant made with the Saints he to whom the Covenant is made unto him the seals are to be applied and it would seem unreasonable for the Covenant to be made unto one and the seals to be applied unto the other therefore there is a Covenant made with the saints and to this Covenant the Sacraments are added as seals 7. There is a double oath to confirm this
of grace that all the persons have undertaken peculiar offices for the good of men and no men have benefit by them but they that are brought under this Covenant it is for their sake that the Father has given the Kingdom into the hand of his Son and what benefit other men have by it it is but as the beasts have and in some respect as the Devils have they have some less degree of torment and that 's granted them for their sakes who are heirs of promise and for their sake the spirit is the prorex and has undertaken to rule under Christ all the Offices of Christ are for their sake and for their good and all the Offices of the Spirit either inlightning convincing sanctifying or comforting they are all for their good and the common works of the Spirit that do fall upon any wicked men in the world is by the Saints Covenant or else you should have no more of them oh hear all you wicked ones than the Devils and damned in Hell have at this day Now the great plot of the Gospel in the new Covenant is not only to honour the Attributes of the nature but also to honour the Persons in the hearts of men this was the way for the Persons to undertake certain appropriated works in the dayes of the Gospel in the administration of the Covenant and all the parts thereof Now as you will have no benefit by the attributes of the divine nature but they all make against you and will at last day bring in their several charges against your souls that are out of this Covenant not only the Holiness and Justice of God but even the Mercy and Patience of God will cry against you Justice Lord for Mercies sake so you will have no benefit by the Offices of the persons but they will all of them be used against you and bring in their several charges against you Christ as a King a Prophet and a Priest will charge thee then shall the King say Go ye cursed and the Spirit of God as a Spirit that has been convincing thee and inlightning thee in thy life time shall condemn thee and Christ as a Judge will condemn thee and the Spirit of Christ as a Spirit of Bondage will in Hell perfectly torment thee for as in Heaven the Spirit shall be perfectly a Spirit of Adoption so he shall be in Hell perfectly a Spirit of Bondage for ever 3. Unless thou art in Covenant this way the Lord regards thee not nor any thing that thou dost an instance of it we have Heb. 8.9 There are Gods own people whom he took into Covenant with himself and for the outward part of the Covenant they did enter into Covenant with him but yet their hearts did not consent unto the terms of the Covenant and therefore they brake the Covenant The meaning is not that ever they were truly and indeed spiritually in Covenant for then the Covenant could never have been broken but they were only in the Covenant externally but their hearts did not come up unto the spiritual part of the Covenant and therefore the Lord saies I regard them not I took no care for them I made no account of them at all whatever became of them it was all one to me as it is with us of things that we have no regard of and for God not to regard a man or a people is the sum of all Judgement whatever did befall them the Lord pitied them not assisted them not c. But in the place whence it is taken Jer. 31.33 there is something more in it it is I Lorded it over them when I consider how the name Baal is used Hos 2.16 he did exercise his Lordly authority over them when they would not be ruled by him as a Husband he doth then lay Judgement and Chastisement upon them as a Lord he did not regard their persons whereas precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of the Saints yea he puts their Tears in his Bottle c. and he does pour out their blood as dust and their flesh as dung and he regards them not Psal 49. but man though in honour if he understands not becomes like the beasts that perish Without that Covenant he may be compared to the Beasts that perish pardon the expression but it 's suitable unto the intention of the Holy Ghost he is unto God counted no better than a Dog that dyes in a ditch And as it is for their persons so it is for their services also a man that is out of Covenant the Lord accepts nothing that he doth unto Cain and his offering he had no respect But a man in Covenant with God the words of his mouth the meditations of his heart find acceptance with God and be to him incense of a sweet savour their persons and their services their smell is as the Wine of Lebanon Hos 14. according to the promise of acceptation but all the services of men out of the Covenant are abominable to God as the Grapes of Sodom all the acts performed by them that are in Covenant are as the Grapes of Lebanon your works are very acceptable The Sun of righteousness shall rise upon you with healing in his Wings but for all others that are not in Covenant with him the Lord does not respect their offering or take it with good will at their hands but he saith Mal. 2.13 To what purpose is the multitude of your Sacrifices Incense is an abomination unto me it is a burden even your solemn assemblies are an offence to me I will not smell in them I am weary to bear them and when you kill an Ox it is as if you killed a man Isa 66.3 and he that burns Incense as if he blessed an Idol because you have chosen your own wayes therefore the Lord abhors you 4. This is a matrimonial Covenant and it is a Covenant of friendship it is of this Covenant that the Lord saith I will betroath you to me for ever Hos 2. and it is the same Covenant which when God had entred into with Abraham he doth call him Abraham my friend Wife and Friend are two of the sweetest and highest relations if any could prevail it would be the Wife of thy Bosome or thy Friend which is as thy own soul Deut. 13.6 Now in this Covenant a man enters into both these relations with God there is the nearest union with him he that is joyned to the Lord is one Spirit with him there is the interest love of the persons one to another they are most precious one to another and all the world besides are but as Pebbles to Diamonds which outshine all other stones and they are still prizing the love one of another how excellent is thy loving kindness O God! it is better than life because he has set his love upon me therefore will I deliver him and love him at all times and in
there is many a man that goes back from â—â—is ingagement to God long and per poenitentiae poenitentiam Diabolo satisfaciet Tertul. By repenting â—f his repentance he will satisfie the Devil But a heart that is sincere with God will renew â—t again and he would not have his ingagement broken he still cries out Lord I am thine and thou art the Lord my God surely thou art our Father and thy compassion does not fail but thou renewest it upon us every moment Therefore I come again to give the hand to the Lord and renew my Covenant with him 3. By reason of the falseness of our hearts there is so much treachery of spirit that we are not easily kept within bounds our purposes are easily broken and men draw back from the Lord by reason of the falseness of their hearts and the treachery that is in them Ezech. 16.30 How weak is thy heart unstable as water and it is said that water hardly contains it self within its own bounds And therefore it was Chrysostoms complaint once Gen. 49.4 and since it has been the complaint of many others after him That a Minister did never find his â—ork as he left it and so does a Christian complain he does seldom find his heart as he left 〈◊〉 Now that a mans heart may be fixed therefore the Lord takes his people into Coveâ—ant with himself and they bind themselves much in Covenants 4. They renew their Covenant that by often repeating and renewing it it may be set on upon their spirits the more and lay the greater ingagement upon them for surely the more frequently we bind our selves the faster we are bound and every renewal of our Covenant doth intend and strengthen the obligation and makes the deeper impression upon the heart and therefore Deut. 6.7 the Lord commands Israel to teach them diligently unto their children the word in the Hebrew is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to sharpen them as you do a Knife saepius ad cotem impellendum the way to make it take the deepest impression upon the soul is to set it on by often and frequent repetitions because of the deadness of our hearts and inadvertence of spirit we are apt to forget the Covenant of the Lord Deut. 4.23 and when men are apt to forget a thing they had need have it repeated often to them 5. By reason of the forgetfulness of the heart there is nothing that the ungodliness of a mans heart is more prone to than to forget his ingagement unto God and therefore was that strict charge laid upon them Deut. 4.23 Take heed to your selves lest you forget the Covenant which the Lord your God made with you and make you a graven Image c. The happiness of the Angels lies in this that they both know all the duties of their Covenant and have them alwaies in mind for where there is no sinfulness there is no forgetfulness but the misery of man lies in this as to the ingagement of this Covenant in many things he is ignorant of it so also is he unmindful of it and thence the Apostle saith Heb. 2.1 2. Lest we prove leaking vessels c. or as some will derive the word Heb. 2.1 2. charta bibula quae Scripturam non bene continet the word is written there as in sinking paper and the Ink runs abroad that afterwards when you have writ it you cannot read it now things that we are willing to remember we repeat them often and do thereby keep them in mind as the remembrance of the creation the mercy the Lord would not have forgotten and for this cause he has appointed a weekly remembrance and the death of Christ he would not have to be forgotten and therefore he appoints us to remember it often do this in remembrance of me because it would else quickly wear out of our minds mercies and duties being for the most part written in our hearts as letters written upon the water no sooner in but out and therefore we read in Esay 48.8 when the Lord would have a thing take deep impression upon them he bids them to remember it yea bring it again to mind O ye transgressors not only remember it once but often bring it again to mind c. Now there is a double curse upon the memory of man 1 There is a natural weakness that it is like a Sieve that lets pass all the Corn and retains nothing but the Chaff 2 There is a weakness that is below nature As there is a strength unto good that is supernatural when a man is immediately acted by the Spirit of God that there is in him more than the strength of a man so there is also in wayes of sin when a man hath an immediate concurrence of the spirit of the Devil Rev. 2.10 Joh. 8.44 Ye are of your Father the Devil and his lusts ye will do and the Devil shall cast some of you into prison that is wicked men acted by the spirit of the Devil and so Rev. 12.11 the Dragon is the Heathen Roman Emperours but it is as they are acted by Satan and therefore it is said to be the old Serpent and Satan in them for the Devil hath not in himself ten horns it is the Devil working in them and acting them so there is also a weakness below nature men are apt to forget the word and their duty which they learn out of it but Satan comes and as an Harpy snatcheth away the word that is he adds a weakness below the nature men are apt to forget it sooner than otherwise they would have done by putting into the heart contrary impressions the things that we regard and take care of we are apt to remember but the things that we care not for we are apt to forget quae curant senes meminerunt old men remember what they care for Now the heart of man is least set upon Covenant duties of any thing and therefore had need to have its memory helped with continual and frequent repetitions of them 6. By reason of the ignorance and blindness of the mind of man we had need to be remembred of our Covenant and to renew it often we are all narrow mouthed vessels and receive all things from God but by drops and light comes in upon us but by degrees in several beams and a man looks often upon it before he can understand it and therefore the Lord gives unto us line upon line and precept upon precept Esay 28.10 And thence the Saints of God read over the same things and be content to hear the same things again because they have a new view of them they have a farther light into and farther discoveries of them Psal 25.14 Psal 25.14 The secret of the Lord is with them that fear him the word in Hebrew signifies mysterium arcanum a secret is something that cannot be known unless it be by revelation that a man by all
the same lump to make one vessel to honour and another to dishonour Rom. 9. yet this Decree could not actually take place without sin had come between and now sin has interposed there are some that belong to the Election of Grace and they are chosen out by vocation which is nothing else but electio actuata election actuated and the eternal Decree of God doth exempt them from the common condition of the rest of the world as we see Rom. 9. there the Jews are cast off and they are all in one outward condition but the difference lies in this there is a remnant according to the Election of Grace and the Election does obtain when the rest are hardned and therefore we are said to be born of the will of God in opposition unto all things in nature whatsoever Rom. 11. Joh. 1.13 Rom. 8.29 for vocation is the first-born of Election Of his own will he begate us by the word of truth c. The generation of Christ was an act of his nature and therefore necessary but the generation of Saints is an act of the will of God and therefore free it 's wholly to the praise of the glory of his grace and this his will is manifested in this Eph. 1.11 That he did from all Eternity elect some and reject others according to the counsel of his own will Now that the Lord may make it manifest that it 's an act of free grace therefore he will sometimes reject the children of the Kingdom as the Jews are called men born in the Church Mat. 8. and unto whom the Kingdom of Christ did seem by a natural right to belong and to descend unto them and he will send forth and call men from the East and from the West to sit down with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of God he will cast off the bidden guests and will send out to the high ways and hedges and compel men to come in that he may manifest that you are begotten of his own will for the praise of his grace 3 Because since the Fall the Lord has appointed another way to convey life unto his people and that is not by generation from the first Adam but by regeneration from a second Adam and therefore the Lord will surely honour his own way and he will not convey the grace of the Covenant from parents unto their posterity but from him only who is the second Adam and is therefore called the everlasting Father Esa 9.6 Esa 9.6 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the Septuagint renders it that is as the Apostle says He hath subjected to him the world to come Heb. 2.5 so he is made the father of the world to come Heb. 2.5 and all the Saints that come thence shall acknowledge that they all hold of him as a father as it is said Psal 87.4 5. of the Ordinances of Sion Psal 87.4 5. I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon to them that know me Philistia and Tyre with Ethiopia this man was born there and of Zion it shall be said this and that man was born in her that is that what Nation or Kingdom soever any of the Saints were in they may for their first birth mention Egypt and Babylon but for their second their new birth they shall know and acknowledge that it was in Sion and by the mighty work of God in the Ordinances therein so I may say of the Lord Jesus Christ that whomsoever they may call father on earth whether within or without the Kingdom yet they shall all owne the Lord Christ as their Father in reference unto their eternal states and in reference unto the world to come and therefore he is said to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 non solùm Spiritus vivus but also vivificus not only a living Spirit but a quickning Spirit a Spirit that makes us alive also for Joh. 14.19 he says Because I live you shall live and the Apostle Paul saith The last Adam was made a quickning Spirit 1 Cor. 15. Bernard and Rev. 22.16 he is said to be the Root of David and he is therefore said to be the Fountain of the gardens Cant. 3.15 it is from hence that all flourishes therefore grace shall not be entailed upon posterity but as the Father quickens whom he will so also the Son shall have life in him and power of quickning whom he will Upon these grounds it is that the spiritual and the saving graces of the Covenant are not conveyed from parents unto their children by a lineal descent but the Covenant in reference to grace from the parents is wholly made void and as God many times has a seed of grace running through the loyns of the wicked so he does many times cast off the children of the Saints and as he said of Ismael But my covenant will I establish with Isaac Gen. 17.21 so God saith of Believers children that he will not establish his Covenant with them as to inward grace 2. Yet the Lord will continue the Covenant from parents to children by a kind of lineal descent in reference to the external priviledges of the Covenant and they shall be conveyed from parents unto the children who shall have a Covenant-right as the parents priviledge and the grounds of it are these 1 Because the Lord will have a visible Church out of the loyns of his own people therefore when he takes in their parents into a Church-covenant he takes in also their children they are the children of the kingdom because they are the children of the Covenant that God made with their parents He doth indeed take in as Proselytes some here and some there but the visible Church is chiefly and generally made up of such confederate parents and their children and to make a visible Church there is required outward ordinances and priviledges that there may be a difference put between them and the rest of the world Exod. 19.5 that they may be unto God a holy and a peculiar people and this may be where the graces of the Covenant are not dispensed yet the priviledges of the Covenant must It 's true there are tares among the wheat in the same field and there are goats feeding amongst the sheep in the same pasture it 's not grace as you heard makes a man a visible member of the Church visible for it cannot be seen it cannot properly come under any humane judgment but it 's grace makes a man a member of the invisible Church into which Christ only admits and that which Christ only judges and not man 2 The Covenant is entailed in reference to the priviledges thereof that the Lord might magnifie and exalt his love unto parents the more and that it might be a great inducement to come into Covenant with God because the promise shall be unto you and your children even unto them that are afar off or as many as the Lord shall call not only
doth perform any promise he is then said to keep his covenant and to remember his covenant to perform his mercy promised unto our Forefathers when he did fulfil his promises he remembred for them his covenant so that as when they do transgress his command that being part of his covenant they are said to break covenant with God so when the Lord does not perform his promise he is said to break the covenant Psal 89.39 Zac. 11.10 and to make it void 4 The end of the covenant is but to inherit the promises all the Saints are said to be the Sons of Abraham because they are taken into the same covenant with him with whom God did eminently make the covenant and for this cause the children of the same covenant are called the Sons of Abraham and Heaven being the same inheritance that Abraham had as the end of his covenant and the same that all the Saints enter into it 's therefore called in respect of them Abrahams bosome they sit down with Abraham in the kingdom of God that is having the same reward of their covenant that Abraham had and that 's nothing but the promised inheritance they do inherit the promises Heb. 6.12 so that all the glory that the people of God have in Heaven it 's nothing else but the accomplishment of promises it 's both a purchased and a promised possession it is true that one ingredient of the covenant is Law but that belongs unto the covenant as it contains the rules of our services and the covenant on our part and not to the covenant on Gods part for to make a Covenant is simply an act of Grace whereas to give a Law is simply an act of Soveraignty and absolute Dominion Here my purpose is not to handle the Doctrine of the promises in the extent or full latitude thereof but only speak of it as it refers mainly unto the point in hand First we will consider what a promise is It is the declaration of the eternal purpose of God concerning good things to come which he doth ingage his faithfulness freely through Christ to bestow upon his people Eph. 3.9 1. I say it 's a declaration of Gods eternal purpose the purposes of God are secret and hid in his own breast only these are Mysteries hid in God that is while it remains only in his own purpose and is not discovered unto the creature and this purpose of his as it is the ground so it 's the rule of all the good that he intends to do unto his Saints he doth call them according to his own purpose and grace 2 Tim. 1.9 It 's true we read of a promise made before the world began Titus 1.2 but it was in respect of the covenant that passed between the Father and the Son and could not be formally made unto the Saints but is secret in his own thoughts and purposes and these thoughts of God to us-ward as they are innumerable so they were exceeding delightful to the Lord Jesus Christ Psal 40.5 How wonderful are thy works and thy thoughts to us-ward c. but the breaking forth of this purpose of God is seen in his promises There is a double consideration of the will of God 1 voluntas propositi his will of purpose 2 praecepti of precept there is the will of God that he would have us do and the manifestation thereof is his precept and there is the will of God which he himself will do and that is expressed in Prophecies that he will accomplish and Promises that he will fulfil And there is a great deal of difference between this his revealed will and his secret will for the whole will of his precepts is revealed and therefore the Apostle says he has declared the whole counsel of God Act. 20.27 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and there is enough to make the man of God perfect perfectly instructed to every good work and much of the will of his purpose what he will accomplish is revealed also though much of it be secret in the breast of God yet all the Prophecies he will accomplish and all the promises he will assuredly fulfil as he has declared his whole will concerning mans duty what he should do so he has also declared his whole will concerning all the good he doth purpose to do for men and this declaration of the will and the mind of God is called the promise of God 2. Promises are of good things to come threatnings and promises are both conversant about things to come but threatnings are about evil things to come Heb. 11.7 Zac. 1.6 Zeph. 2.1 2. Noah being warned of God concerning things not seen as yet c. And promises are of good things to come Josh 23.14 You know in all your hearts that not one thing has failed of all the good things which the Lord your God spake concerning you c. As when the Lord doth perform any word of his it 's said he doth cause it to arise he has confirmed his word Dan. 9.12 excitavit or surgere fecit Calvin he has caused his word to arise so when it is not performed it is truly said to fall David says Thou hast spoken of my house a great while to come All the great promises that God made to David are of things to come and therefore David says 2 Sam. 7.19 Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life As it was the happiness of the people of Israel that they had in the Wilderness a Rock that followed them not only for a present supply but for a future provision 1 Cor. 10. so are the promises also unto the Saints in mercy received they have the glory of the Lord going before them and his promises to follow them they have the glory to be their rereward they are compassed about with mercy on every side they have goodness that goes before them in performance and mercy that follows them in promises as the rereward that as a wicked man â—gh there be evils tnreatned fall upon him here yet they are but the first-fruits 〈◊〉 â—cium Divini judicii the prejudgment of Divine Judgment but the main of the evil thinâ—â—e threatning is to come so though godly men have much good that they receive aâ—â—sent yet the main of it in the promise is yet to come 3. Unto the performance of these though they be made freely yet the Lord does ingage his faithfulness by virtue of the Covenant If we look upon the promises in fieri in making so we must look upon his free grace only but if we look on them in facto esse as made so we must have an eye unto his faithfulness his love and mercy is the only reason of making promises but his faithfulness and truth is the ground of keeping and performing promises as it 's spoken of his promise made to David and his house for thy words sake according to thy own
and the spirit teacheth us to come unto him as our Father so in all our addresses unto God he teacheth us to cry Abba Father and so the Saints in Scripture O Lord thou art my God early will I seek thee 7. Hence comes that glorious communication of properties that is between God and the Saints That as Divines do observe by reason of the hypostatical Union there is a communication of properties that what is done by the humane nature is attributed unto the persons and the blood of the humane nature is called the blood of God Acts 20.28 and God is said to be received up to glory 1 Tim. 3. and Christ is called the Son of God which is proper only to the Divine Nature Luk. 1.35 and the Humane Nature being taken into the same person it comes under the same filiation for the rule of the School-men is filiatio est suppositi filiation is of a person the Son-ship belongs and relates unto the person and not unto the nature so from our Union with Christs person arise those strange communications which some observe the Lord calling himself by the name of a Creature Psal 24.6 This is the generation of them that seek him that seek thy face O Jacob and that glorious and which some say is an incommunicable name of God Jehovah yet it is said to be attributed to the Creature through his interest in the person of God it 's the name of Christ Jer. 23.6 And in his days Judah shall be saved and Israel shall dwell safely and this is his name whereby he shall be called The Lord our righteousness and this name is also given to the Church Jer. 38.16 And in those days shall Judah be saved and Jerusalem shall dwell safely and this is the name wherewith she shall be called The Lord our Righteousness c. and all this flows from interest in the person through personal promises 8. Our interest in the persons is always the same and varies not though the dispensations are very various and there is no Saint of God but doth find changes of the right hand of the most High though the Lord in himself changes not Sometime he lifts up the light of his countenance and sometimes he hides his face but yet in the middle of all this here is the comfort of the Saints the Lord is still their God and they have an interest in him And so did Christ himself find a change of dispensations there was substractio visionis a substraction of vision but yet not unionis of union and when the Lord hid his face from him then Christ flyes to a personal promise and in that he looks upon God when he could look upon him no other way my God my God c. and so doth the Church doubtless thou art our Father And there is a special Art and Mystery that the people of God have learned when they are in the deepest desertions to recover themselves out of it Cant. 5. there the Church falls in love with the person of Christ and looks upon her own interest in him and then she breaks out this is my beloved and this is my friend and this recovers her again so that she glories in Christs interest in her and hers in him I am my beloveds and my beloved is mine the comfort of the Saints in their worst estate is that God has an interest in their persons I am thine O save me may every Saint of God say and so they also have an interest in the person of God this God is our God for ever and ever Psal 48.14 if there be never so great Changes or Dispensations yet our relation unto the person is still the same and therefore so should our claim be 9. The highest objects of Faith are Persons for there is a three-fold object of Faith 1. Primarium primary and that is all Divine Truth 2. Mediatum mediate that is Christ as Mediator 3. Vltimatum ultimate for through Christ we believe in God 1 Pet. 1.21 therefore the ultimate and the highest object of Faith is a Person Objectum fidei est jus incomplexum the object of faith is an incomplex right Now that which is the highest object of Faith that is the most perfect in which only Faith can rest and therefore must be the greatest ground of Hope and Love as that wherein our happiness doth ultimately consist 10. The highest act of Gods Love to us is in accepting our persons Electing Love was set upon the person and in Christ he doth accept our persons and has respect unto them therefore if he respect our persons so highly being made over to him in Covenant how much more should we set a high price upon his excellent person being made over to us in Covenant It is his Love unto our persons that doth incline his heart to accept our services and reward them and to bestow all good things upon us and so should our Love unto the person of God be that which should sweeten all his benefits towards us he has not this Treasure only but he has the root also upon which it grows Revel 21.6 He shall inherit all things I will be his God and it is much more than all the Creatures can be to him for he shall receive a hundred fold more in this life it is not to be understood formalitèr formally sed eminentèr but eminently that is they shall have all made up in God that the Creatures could supply if they were a hundred times multiply'd God shall be all in all to them so that they can complain of no want for the Lord is their God Vse § 2. First we may hence gather the devillishness of that Opinion that denies all persons in the Trinity they do thereby make void the main of the New Covenant on Gods part which doth consist in personal promises for if there be no persons then the promises of making of them over by way of interest unto the Saints is void and of none effect And truly of all the Abominations of this last Age which Satan has cast forth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Athanasius calls it Orat. 1. cont Arian there is not any so desperate an Opinion that strikes more at the root of all Religion than this doth all Heresie is the smoak that arises out of the bottomless pit and it is commonly vented by some Star that falls from Heaven some Man Eminent in the Church and he making an Apostasie and Defection from the Truth the Key of the bottomless pit is given him in judgment a Key is potestatis symbolum a symbol of power as we know and unto one man it 's given as a special Mercy and unto another it 's given as a special Judgment Revel 20.1 to the one it 's given to bind Satan and to the other to let out his smoak and wo to the man to whom such a power is given as Revel 20.1 Satan is ready enough to
is Thou shalt have Jehovah for thy God and thou shalt have none else so the great promise on Gods part is that I will be thy God that though the earth be mine and the fulness thereof all souls are mine yet I will be thy God and thy portion as if there were no other men in the world besides thee There is a double change wrought in the Saints 1 a change of a mans state 2 a change of a mans life The first is the great and the universal change that God works in men at their first conversion and that the School-men do well say is mutatio circa finem ultimum a change of a mans utmost end Now finis ultimus summum bonum inter se convertuntur the last end and chiefest good are convertible therefore he that doth change his utmost end does also change his chiefest good and he that doth so doth change his God 1. Here we are to consider that all mankind that are out of covenant with God have no interest in God they have all of them another God Eph. 2.12 they are all of them Atheists or men without God Before Abraham was taken into covenant with God he did serve other Gods beyond the river with Terah his father Josh 24.2 but when he was taken into covenant the main intendment of the Covenant was this he shall change his God Now I will make a covenant with thee to be a God to thee and thy seed and thou shalt worship the Nations god no more It 's true that there are no men but they have some impressions of a Deity upon them every man worships some God a Numen he doth acknowledge and there is a God that every one doth chuse unto himself as it is said in Judges they chose new Gods but they are called Stercorarii they are dunghil-gods they are not the God of Abraham they are not the God that makes over himself in covenant unto his people but they are new Gods newly come up It 's true he that is without the true God will be ready to fancy any thing to himself as a God therefore one man doth adore himself and another this or that creature and another serves his belly as his God and the other he chuses Mammon for his God every man as his fancy leads him for all these Gods are nothing else but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Act. 7.43 but the truth is it is the Devil that is worshipped under all these forms as a God Deut. 32.17 They sacrificed to devils and not unto God or Demons or new-made Gods newly come up whom their Fathers knew not and so did the Gentiles in all their ways of worship they sacrificed unto Devils 1 Cor. 10.20 and not unto God And so it is in the worshipping of Saints and Angels under Popery it 's but worshipping of Devils or Demons Rev. 9.20 they repented not of the works of their hands that they should not worship Devils c. And for this cause the Doctrine of worshipping Saints is called the Doctrine of Devils or Demons And it 's true in both senses either the worshipping of Saints or the worshipping of Devils in them And this is indeed the Idolatry of all unregenerate men in the world 2 Cor. 4.4 they do worship Satan who is the God of this world and therefore all unregenerate men being of this world they have no God but the God of the world and therefore it 's said of the world 1 Joh. 5.19 In aliquo positum esse in ejus potestate esse Camer The world lies in wickedness it notes the highest subjection to the Devil that can be to be subject to him as God And this is the great sin of all unregenerate men who are out of covenant with the Lord and therefore it 's well called by Tertullian Principale crimen humani generis summus seculi reatus The principal crime of mankind and chief guilt of the age So that every man that has not the Lord for his God in covenant he worships the Devil for his God instead of the true God 2. When men are in covenant with God they do change their God and Jehovah becomes their God And that will appear in two things 1 The Lord styles himself their God and therefore when he had taken Abraham into covenant with himself Exod. 3.6 then he calls himself the God of Abraham and it 's said Heb. 11.16 of all the Saints He is not ashamed to be called their God And that 's the great promise of the Covenant Jer. 31.33 2 Cor. 6.16 Rev. 21.7 I will be their God and they shall be my people He that overcomes shall inherit all things I will be his God 2 Upon this ground they do claim an interest in him as their God so doth Moses Exod. 15.2 Thou art my God and thou art my father's God So doth David Psal 63.1 Thou art my God early will I seek thee and so doth Esa 7.13 Will you weary my God also so doth the Church God even our own God shall bless us this God is our God for ever and ever Psal 67.6 Psal 48. v. ult And therefore all they that are in covenant with God they have the Lord for their God Now what is there that doth make the Lord to become our God that a man may say he has changed his God There are three things in the new Covenant that give a man a propriety in God 1. The Lord doth graciously and freely make over himself it 's an ordinary thing amongst men to make over a propriety either in things or persons by covenant as you have heard the wife by covenant has a propriety in the husband and the husband in the wife and so the Prince has a propriety in the Subject and the Subject in the Prince Now the Lord doth thus freely make over himself unto his people by covenant with them to be a God to them 2. There is a Union with Jesus Christ that the Saints have they are one body with him and the Covenant of grace being made primarily with Christ the Lord becomes his God in covenant and so he saith I ascend unto my Father and your Father Joh. 20.17 Psal 22.1 unto my God and your God My God my God why hast thou forsaken me Therefore the great intention of this Covenant was that the Lord might become the God of Christ as he is the Mediator and being his God and we being one with him he becomes our God also 3. There is a free and a voluntary acceptation and consent on the creatures part to embrace this God for his and to give up himself to him to perform all those acts of soul towards him as becomes a God the Lord will not receive a man for his that has another God he must cast off all the dunghil-gods that before he served He saith What have I to do any more with Idols He doth cast his
the invisible God Joh. 5.22 All the glorious Attributes of God do shew forth themselves in Christ he it is that acts them all the love of God to the Saints is exercised by Christ and all the grace of God is dispensed by Christ and the wrath of God against his enemies is executed by Christ and therefore we read of the wrath of the Lamb for it 's he that shall give every one of them their portion Now if it be so that all the Attributes be in the hand of Christ to exercise and act then the Lord raigne therefore let the earth rejoyce Christ Jesus exerciseth all the Attributes of God for his people in another way than ever they could else have been acted by God immediately Now if we be in Christ and by a mystical union make up one body with him then as he doth exercise and act all the Attributes of God as the Soveraignty of God is given to him and he sits upon the Throne of God in the administration of all things so they shall be all laid out for us for the Church which is the body of Christ and the fulness of him that fills all in all 3. Though all the Attributes be made over unto us in this manner yet it 's after a certain order in the Attributes the Attribute that the soul doth first close with is the mercy and the free grace and love of God and by that a man comes to have an interest in all the rest and the Attribute that is ingaged for all is the faithfulness and truth of God 1 The attribute that the soul first closes with is his love and mercy and free grace which are the attributes that the Lord doth mainly exalt in this life and has most gloriously set forth and therefore 't is called riches of mercy and the glory of God the knowledge of the glory of God It 's this attribute in which the Lord doth mainly glory 2 Cor. 4.6 and therefore it 's called his glory and it 's said that mercy rejoyceth over judgment for in the time of this life under the offers of the Covenant of grace the attribute that God doth mainly exerercise in the Gospel is free grace that God is in Christ reconciling the world and has sent abroad the ministry of reconciliation and God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son This is the great Load-stone that doth draw in the heart unto God 1 Tim. 1.14 God who is rich in mercy out of his abundant love c. Now the soul being thus drawn in with a cord of love the Lord giving a command unto loving kindness to fetch in such a wandring soul unto himself hence the soul at first coming unto God grounded upon his mercy by closing with him in this is made partaker of all the attributes of God and has an interest in them all but so as the soul doth close with mercy first and with free grace As it is in the offices of Christ the soul doth close with them all and has an interest in them all but yet so as it doth take Christ as he is offered him by the Father and that is first as a Priest as a surety for sinners and as one set forth to be a propitiation for sin and the soul having in this manner closed with Christ as a Priest and having a title to the Priestly Office now he has taken whole Christ and submits to him as his Prophet and King also thus as the immediate object of faith that justifies is Christ dying and rising and as made sin and as made a curse for us c. and then the soul having closed with Christ it has an interest in whole Christ with all his Offices so it 's here also though all the attributes of God are gloriously displayed in the second Covenant yet the attribute that mainly the Lord delights to honour is mercy and free grace and the soul first closes with this and so comes to have a title and an interest in all that is in God in every attribute 2 As his love is the first attribute that the soul closes with and so comes to have an interest in them all so it 's his faithfulness that is ingaged for the exercise of them all and therefore all our forgiveness is put upon his faithfulness He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins Isa 49.7 How do we know that the pardoning mercy of God shall be exercised towards us when we have sinned God is faithful who has promised 1 Joh. 1.2 and he hath wholly made over himself unto us in every attribute and the promise and the oath of God are both grounded in his faithfulness for the performance thereof so that the faithfulness of God doth not only assure us that all creatures shall work for us shall all work together for our good Rom. 8.29 but that all the attributes of God shall work for us in their season and in their order as it is said That the stars in their courses fought against Sisera so there is an order for the working of all the attributes and every one of them in their courses work for the Saints the faithfulness of God is ingaged for them so to do § 4. What are the ends for which God has in Covenant made over the Attributes unto his people They are many and we shall best discover them by the use that the people of God have of all the attributes in the Scripture 1. That they may be all discovered and made known unto the Saints there is in all men a blindness of heart and that specially in reference unto God from whom they are estranged through the ignorance that is in them Eph. 4.18 19. Now they having an interest in them all the Lord will proclaim his name and cause his mercy and goodness to pass before them though not in that visible manner as he did unto Moses Exod. 33.19 yet in a more spiritual way they do behold the glory of God in the face of Christ Jesus 2 Cor. 4.6 and therefore the great aim of God in all his works is the discovery of his attributes unto the Saints and all his great works are done to that very end and therefore he gives them a Law that he may manifest his Holiness To shew his power he has made a world to manifest his love he has given Christ to declare his grace he doth pardon sin and to shew his justice and wrath he has made Hell and laid the foundations of the bottomless pit and this is the first end why God has made over his attributes unto his people it is that they may know them and therefore the great thing the Saints look at in all Gods works and his goings forth is what attributes are discovered I would see thy power and thy glory in the Sanctuary Psal 63.2 Psal 10.6 8. He saved them for his name sake that he
1 Joh. 4.24 and therefore must be worshipped in spirit and truth 5. That the great motives unto duty and the great restraints from sin be taken from these It 's a matter of great consequence not only that we do the duties that God requires but also what motives they are that fill the sails in our performances For a man to perform high duties upon low motives argues a heart full of flesh to preach the Gospel is a high service but to do it to serve a mans belly or his pride to gather Disciples after him that he may have the credit of a Teacher of others and be cryed up amongst them this doth in a great measure blast all his service therefore let men look to their motives in their performances And so for sin it 's not enough to abstain from sin but a man is to have an eye upon the principle that lyes the restraint upon him what it is many a man may be kept from sin for fleshy aims as Haman refrained himself till he came home and so King Joash during all the days of Jehoiada the fear of man will restrain lust many times where there is no fear of God There are as it were several topicks from which the arguments and reasonings of the soul are taken for the Word of God is quick and powerful c. Heb. 4.12 the one refers to principles for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is the seat of principles and the other to the dianoetick faculty a mans arguments and reasonings from those principles and there are some high and noble motives suitable to the nature of grace and there are some low and sinful motives agreeable to the nature of flesh and the Word of God is a curious discerner of both and it 's a great matter from what topicks a man doth take the argument that does mainly act his spirit in duty and as the highest rule of duty is to be found in the attributes of God so the noblest motives unto duty are to be found in them also Joel 2.13 Rent your hearts and not your garments and turn to the Lord your God for he is merciful and gracious he is long-suffering slow to anger and of great kindness who knows if he will return and repent And Gen. 17.1 I am God all-sufficient walk before me and be upright There are arguments enough to be taken from God and those of the highest kind to quicken a soul in all duties required of him And so it is also as to restraint from sin Hos 3.5 They shall fear the Lord and his goodness Heb. 12.29 Let us have grace to serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear for our God is a consuming fire Exod. 34.14 Thou shalt worship no other God for the Lord whose name is jealous is a jealous God 6. That they may be unto the Saints the ground of prayer and that is in three things 1 They desire that God would manifest his attributes it 's something of God that they would have discovered therefore they cry out with the Psalmist Psal 57.3 O send out thy light and thy truth send forth thy mercy and thy truth it is the discovery and manifestation of an attribute that is the great thing the people of God do beg in all their prayers Num. 14.17 Let the power of my Lord be great according as thou hast said 2 It 's the great argument that they use in prayer the main argument of faith is from an attribute and a mans interest therein Remember me O Lord for this and pardon me according to the greatness of thy mercy Nehem. 13.22 Psal 115.1 2 Chron. 14.11 for thy mercy and for thy truths sake And Asa argues from the power of God It 's all one to thee to save with few as with many 3 They do come to God under such an attribute suitable to the mercy that they beg and their faith is staid thereupon and 't is a great matter to look upon God under an attribute that answers our necessity as Christ when he would speak of Judgment Mat. 11.24 Joh. 17. Num. 14.14 and give God thanks for it he call him righteous Father and when he begs Sanctification for his people he calls him holy Father and so when Moses prays for the pardon of sin he calls him the Lord merciful and gracious 7. That they may admire and adore the Lord for the excellencies that are in his Divine Nature and that they may give him the glory of every attribute Glory is but the shining forth of an excellency the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Effulgence and brightness of it Heb. 1.3 and our giving glory is but the reflexion of this excellency Now we give God the glory of his works and of his going forth unto the creature but we should not only give him the glory of these but also of the excellency of his own nature there is none holy as the Lord who is a God like our God pardoning iniquity If we had hearts truly spiritual we would admire God more for the excellencies that are in himself than for all his goings forth to the creature and so the Saints and Angels in Heaven do 8. That in the manifestation of every attribute and the working of it for his people the Saints may rejoyce and particularly give God the glory of that attribute which he hath now so eminently put forth for them and that they may glory in their inheritance thereby Psal 21.13 Be thou exalted O Lord in thy own strength so will we sing and praise thy power I will sing of thy power Psal 59.16 17. and I will sing aloud of thy mercy in the morning for thou hast been my defence and refuge in the day of my trouble To thee O my strength will I sing for God is my defence and the God of my mercy Rev. 4.8 and so do all the Saints holy holy holy Lord God Almighty which is and was and is to come The attributes of God are the last city of refuge that the Saints can flye unto Prov. 18.10 even the Name of the Lord is their strong tower and when the Lord doth make bare his arm and takes to himself his great power and sends forth his mercy and relieves his people in their distresses Oh! how then do the Saints triumph and rejoyce in him The last refuge is in God and the highest triumph is in God and these are the glorious ends for which God has made over his attributes unto the Saints § 3. See the glory of this inheritance that of the creatures is indeed glorious and that of promises is more but the foundation of all and top of all lyes in attributes It 's of no small concernment for a soul to know the glory of his own inheritance partly because there is a prophaneness of heart in all men that do undervalue spiritual things as well spiritual priviledges as spiritual truths or spiritual graces with
fasten upon yet there is an attribute left which will be tabula post naufragium now expect the goodness of God to appear for thy succour in his putting forth of an attribute for none of them shall fail in their season there are no graces in the Saints but there is a season for their working Phil. 4.10 Your care for me says the Apostle Phil. 4.10 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth reviviscere it doth flourish or wax green again so that graces have their opportunity of working there is a spring-time Now we do not say that a tree is dead that bears not fruit always but that which doth not bring forth in the Summer which is the season of fruit and therefore I cannot but look upon it as an act of Soveraignty that of Christ's cursing the fig-tree Mark 11.13 for the Text says The time of figs was not yet come Mark 11.13 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Some say that the fig-tree in this country did bear fruit all the year but that this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will not bear for it is plain there was a season of the fruit of this Tree as well as of other trees Some say that the time of the ripening and the gathering of fruit was not yet but there might be expected green figs but there was no fruit nor hope of fruit for the Tree had leaves only Innuit Christum hoc facto altius quid significâsse ficum scil symbolum esse populi Judaici Kem. Christ hereby signified the Jewish Church from whom the Lord expected always fruit because the season of it was always and this was an act of absolute Soveraignty over the creature and he that created it might curse it at his pleasure but the Lord does never expect fruit but in the season of fruit at the season he sent to the Husband-men that they should give him of the fruit of his Vineyard Luk. 20.10 for that grace is not idle that doth not act at all times but Quae non operatur quando dabitur 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That which doth not act when a season shall be offered So also there is a season an opportunity for the exercise of every attribute and as the Lord expects the one of us in its season so should we and we may with boldness and comfort expect the other from him in the season The Hebrews say In the mount will the Lord be seen If thou hast sinned at any time then expect that pardoning mercy shall be put forth say The Lord is the God of my mercy now pardon me according to the greatness of thy mercy And if thou be at any time assaulted with temptation expect that the Power of God shall be put forth for thee and that the Lord shall say My grace is sufficient for thee If thou be at any time perplexed with difficulties and thou knowest not what to do now look up unto infinite Wisdom The Lord knows how to deliver the just out of adversity though I know not which way to scape yet say deliverance shall come from some other hand as Mordecai said though I cannot see from whence it shall come and I cannot in my wisdom see a way of deliverance yet it shall come now is the season for such an attribute to shew forth it self and therefore now I can look for the acting of it with comfort as having an interest in it God is a help found in the time of need he is a help promised before Psal 46.1 but he is never found so to be before the season when the soul is in trouble then he puts forth himself and makes bare his arm and therefore as the Apostle says He is as having nothing 2 Cor. 6.10 and yet possessing all things So the Saints they have them not in possession but they have them in their right of inheritance and for their use as their occasions and necessity do require that if it were possible for them to stand in need of the service of the whole Creation all the creatures should work for them and wait upon them in their necessity and look what experiences the ancient Saints have had thereof they in the like cases and necessity may expect if it stand with Gods glory and their best good the Moon shall stand still and the Sun shall go back and the Lyons shall stop their mouths the fire shall cease to burn and be a defence the Ravens bring meat the Heavens shall rain bread the Rocks shall give water c. and whatsoever attributes the Lord has at any time exerted and put forth for the Saints in the season of their need that you may expect grounded upon the same Faithfulness the same Covenant and Oath that was performed unto them and it 's the highest priviledge and happiness of the Saints to have the Attributes of God lye as a rescue for them Zac. 1.8 as the Angels did behind the Myrtle-trees in the bottom when there can be an expectation from nothing else in the world as David speaks of his enemies Psal 6.2 5. They did imagine mischief and consulted how to cast him down from his excellency whom God had exalted but says he My soul wait thou on God only my expectation is from him alone He can now look up to God and expect salvation from him when he can see no hope any other way As we are not the fountain of our own grace but it is laid up in Christ 1 Joh. 5.11 and we can expect that all the grace that is in Christ shall be put forth answerably unto our necessity in the season of it and therefore our grace shall abound as our trials and occasions do increase for suitable unto them shall our supplies of the Spirit be Phil. 1.19 says the Apostle For I know that this shall turn to my salvation through your prayer and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ So the fountain of all our happiness is not in our selves but in our God and all the attributes that are in him shall be managed and put forth for us as our necessity shall require according to the Love Wisdom and Faithfulness of a God so that if thou couldst stand in need of infinite wisdom and infinite power and grace and mercy all of them should be put forth and exercised for thee not only a conspiracy and combination of all the creatures but also of all the Attributes of God all of them shall work together for thy good 5. Is not this a mighty ground of assurance that all the creatures shall be given you and that the Lord here will deny you nothing that may be for your good He that gives the greater will he deny the lesser He that makes over all that is in himself will he deny any thing that is in any of his works Surely it was a good saying of Bernard for the things of this life Qui dabit regnum non dabit viaticum c.
come to possess it it is none other but what in the promise we had a right to it is the fiducial vision that we have of God in this life that as it prepares the soul so also gives us an interest in the beatifical vision which is only proper to the life to come 2. Divines say That the Saints have a threefold title unto Heaven and Glory in this life 1 in pretio as there is a purchase made for Heaven is as well a purchased possession as any thing that we do injoy in this life There are two things in the satisfaction of Christ there is debitum legale a legal debt so he paid the old debt and there is superlegale meritum a superlegal merit and so he made a new purchase answerable unto the two benefits by Christ which the Apostle speaks of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eph. 1.7 14. we have by him redemption and an inheritance c. 2 The Saints have another title and that is jus promissionis in the promise for it is a promise intailed upon them as it was made unto Christ before the world began Eternal life is made first unto him and it is that which he himself doth glory in thou shalt shew me the path of life Psal 16. in thy presence is fulness of joy and at thy right hand are pleasures for evermore And by virtue of the same Covenant and promise the Saints do claim eternal life that Jesus the Mediator of the Covenant did though it belong unto him primarily and unto them only in his right and at second hand 3 They have a title in primitiis in the first-fruits as they have received the first-fruits of the Spirit So Israel had unto Canaan God did give them a promise many hundred years before but yet they were strangers unto their own inheritance that the Lord had promised them and many of them dyed in faith not having received the promise as Abraham Isaac and Jacob and all the Patriarchs did but when the Lord had once brought them into the borders of the land and they had tasted the grapes of Eskol this gave them a further title because they had tasted of the good land that the Lord had promised them And so it is with the Saints who have received the first-fruits of the Spirit and in them tasted that the Lord is gracious for the first-fruits are a further pledge of the crop it is called an Earnest which is a further security than barely a promise therefore all the happiness of the Saints that they shall have in Heaven is a fruit of the promise and they do enjoy glory by virtue of the same Covenant that they obtain grace which is therefore called an everlasting Covenant not only because it shall never be broken as a Covenant of salt which stands for ever but because the fruit of it is to everlasting in a mans eternal inheritance § 2. The portion of the Saints lies in the very Essence of God which will appear to us by these demonstrations Psal 16. ult 1. By clear Scripture Psal 16. ult In thy presence is fulness of joy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in faciebus in thy face is fulness of joy according to Gods own language thou shalt see my back parts but my face thou shalt not see and live therefore it is in the face of God that the fulness of the joy and the happiness of the Saints doth consist for in that the happiness of Christ as Mediator who is our head doth consist and when we come to Heaven we have not a happiness apart from Christ as if he had one happiness and we another for we do enter into our masters joy and 1 Joh. 3.3 it is see him as he is that is not as he does now discover himself pro captu humano according to our capacity in a glass and in a riddle rather as he is not than as he is but we shall see him with open face according to his Essence that is as he is 2. The ultimate object of faith is that in which the happiness of the Saints doth consist and that which is the highest thing in the promise in that doth the glory and the perfection of the creature lye Now there are many intermediate objects of faith but the ultimate is glory 1 Pet. 1.21 So 1 Pet. 1.21 Who by him do believe in God that raised him up from the dead and gave him glory that your faith and hope might be in God And the last thing in the promise is eternal life and that being once attained all the promises are at an end therefore it is in the Essence of God that eternal happiness lyes 3. Without this nothing can make the Saints happy 1 Nothing in this life can they have in this life four things 1 They have glorious promises but those are but of an inheritance to come and we believe that which we see not and therefore hope for it for faith and sight are opposed there is a fiâ—â—â—al presentiality unto faith in the promise but it is not beatifical and therefore an inheritance of promises will never make a man happy because it keeps the soul in a continual longing and in an hungring and thirsting condition and therefore is unsatisfied 2 Of graces but they are also imperfect because they do not make a mans soul perfect Heb. 12.24 till a man be actually united unto God the Fountain of all happiness and perfection he can never be happy it 's true Gratia electis infunditur ut actiones peragant ordinatas ad vitam aeternam Grace is infused into the Elect that they may perform actions ordinate to life eternal as Aquinas But these graces have respect unto an eternal reward they do but make us meet for a further mercy Col. 1.12 to make us meet for the inheritance of the Saints in light 3 In creatures a mans happiness does not consist in them because they are finite and the soul is ordained to be happy in an infinite good and therefore when a man shall be made happy by going to Heaven to enjoy God he doth take his leave of the creatures they were his inheritance in his way and were to him a viatick but afterwards God shall be all in all and a man goes to God with joy 1 Cor. 15. and is glad to see the Moon under his feet so the Saints of God in this life continue still longing for their future happiness 4 There is an inheritance of Attributes Rev. 12.1 and so the Saints have an interest in God here and a vision of him for they may behold him in his back parts and live as the Lord discovered unto Moses Now no man can be perfectly happy in this life and therefore the discovery of God in his Attributes being the way of Gods revealing himself in this life there is a higher way of manifestation in which the happiness of the Saints doth consist and that is a
seeing his face which is his Essence or seeing him as he is which is reserved for them 2 There is nothing but this in the life to come that can make them happy It 's true there shall be in this Paradise a confluence of all good things and there shall be every way perfection fulness of joy rivers of pleasures for evermore Consider 1 the glory of the place it 's the Palace of the great King and if there be so much glory and magnificence in Kings Palaces what is there in the Palace of him that fills all and is all and is the King of Kings Paul was taken up into the third Heaven and yet he was not glorified but afterwards he had a thorn in the flesh and had need of the grace that should be sufficient for him so that to be in Heaven is not that which makes the Saints happy therein the formalis ratio the formal reason of their happiness doth not lye and therefore says Paul I desire to be dissolved not to be in Heaven Phil. 1.23 but to be with Christ which is best of all It is more to be with the Lord Christ than to be in Heaven and therefore Luther said well Malim praesente Deo esse in inferno quà m absente Deo in coelo c. I had rather be with God in Hell than without God in Heaven 2 There is a glorious society for we are gathered here unto the innumerable company of Angels and the souls of just men made perfect Heb. 12.23 24. we be here as Tertullian says Angelorum candidati the Candidates of Angels c. Zac. 3.7 and I will give thee places to walk amongst these that stand by but as it is here in the Communion of Saints there is a great deal of sweetness yet herein is not the perfection of the happiness of the Saints but it 's in a higher communion so it is glorious to sit down with Abraham Isaac and Jacob in the Kingdom of God but they have all of them their happiness from the same fountain and that is in God himself 3 There shall be a glorious and a full enjoyment of Jesus the Mediator Joh. 17. he doth pray that they may be where he is that they may behold his glory and it 's that which Job doth glory in I know that my Redeemer lives Job 19. and that I shall see him with these eyes and Paul also longed to be dissolved and to be with Christ and to be ever with the Lord. But the height of the happiness of the Saints cannot consist in this partly because Christ himself as he is Mediator has a happiness in another Psal 16. thou shalt shew me the path of life and there is an eternal life promised him as well as promised us and therefore he having his own blessedness from another he doth direct us unto a higher Fountain of our blessedness and partly because that which was not the highest object of our faith can never be the greatest ground of our joy Now Christ as Mediator is not the highest object of our faith and hope and therefore cannot be the perfection of our joy 4 In Heaven there will be a perfection of graces For when that which is perfect is come 1 Cor. 13.12 13. then that which is in part shall be done away and this is after a sort a mans happiness and therefore the School-men do distinguish between beatitudo subjectiva objectiva subjective and objective beatitude There is a blessedness in us which doth consist in the perfection of grace in the man for glory is nothing but grace perfected and that haply is the meaning of the souls of just men made perfect that is their graces are perfected in them Heb. 12. and what is lacking in any of them is supplied that which is in part is done away and this doth indeed wonderfully perfect the soul but grace perfected is but a creature though it be the new creature 2 Cor. 5.17 and we are Gods workmanship created in Christ unto good works and therefore it hath but a finite good that can never make the soul of man happy which was ordained for an infinite good The perfection of grace is but a consequent of happiness for we shall therefore be like him because we shall see him as he is Therefore in the life to come there is nothing for the happiness of the creature both men and Angels to consist in but the Essence of God 4. It will appear from the nature of blessedness that nothing can make the creature blessed but the Essence of God and that will appear in three things 1 Nothing can make a man blessed but that which doth perfect his graces Now there is nothing can do this but the beatifical vision which is a vision of God in his Essence answerable to a mans vision of God 1 Joh. 3.3 such is the perfection of the image of God in the man Now while we know in part so long we are sanctified but in part for the vision of God is transforming 2 Cor. 3. ult but it is a perfect vision that doth work in the soul a perfect sanctification seeing God in his back parts will not do it it 's seeing his face this doth perfect the Angels they behold the face of their Father and so it shall do us when we shall be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 There is nothing can make a man happy but that which makes him impeccable because the soul will still be in fear so long as he is a sinner Adam had a posse non peccare a power not to sin but that did not make him happy there must be a non posse peccare an impossibility of sinning now this only the vision and essence of God can give and therefore Suarez de beatif Vis saith Visio beatifica excludit omnem defectum tum erroris tum inconsiderationis ideò facit voluntatem impeccabilem The beatifick Vision makes the will impeccable c. 3 There is nothing can make a man happy but that which gives unto the soul a fulness of satisfaction Psal 17. ult when he sees his face he shall be satisfied 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it notes a fulness and an abundant satisfaction so that the soul desires no more In beatitudine impletur omne desiderium beatorum All desire of the blessed is filled up in blessedness Aquinas Now the soul will never be satisfied while it sees any thing beyond what it doth enjoy till the soul can write a nil ultra c. There is primum verum a first truth and till the understanding come unto that it will never be satisfied in inferiour truths and there is ultimum summum bonum a last and chiefest good and till the soul comes to that it will never be satisfied in inferiour goods but the soul will be always aspiring because it sees something further to be attained donec requiescat in te until
it can rest in thee as Austin The happiness of the blessed God consists in himself and in the perfect vision and fruition of that blessedness consists our blessedness also § 3. But what is the manner how the Lord becomes the happiness of his people in his Essence That is by way of vision We shall see him face to face 1 Cor. 13.12 We shall see him as he is 1 Joh. 3.3 1 To this end the Lord will discover himself unto them as he is and he will shew unto the Saints his face then as now he doth his back parts while they live here he dwells in light inaccessible that no man doth or can see but he will make himself visible then to compleat their happiness and that not only to the eyes of the mind though it shall be chiefly there Job 19.26 and therefore glory is not only radicaliter in corde but redundanter in corpore but yet he will discover himself unto their bodily eyes also as in my flesh I shall see God 2 There shall be a glorious light by which the soul shall not only be enlightned as his eyes are by the light here in this life but it shall be elevated and enabled to see that which else it could never see as it 's in the light of grace here the pure in heart do see God Heb. 11.26 Psal 36.9 Mat. 5.8 and Moses saw him that was invisible c. The Psalmist says In thy light we shall see light There is a double light the Saints have there is a light of faith here and there is a light of glory that is reserved for hereafter Lumen quo divinam essentiam tanquam objectum beatificum visione intuitivâ recipere posset Synop. purior Theolog. pag. 807. That light whereby the soul can by an intuitive vision receive the Divine Essence as a beatifick object Whether this shall be by a light immediately created of God or whether it shall be per naturam humanam Christi glorificatam veluti instrumentum Divinitatis conjunctum by the humane nature of Christ glorified as a conjunct instrument of the Deity we will not now inquire or dispute But 3 this vision of God though it shall be of his Essence yet not of it unto perfection for so it 's infinite and therefore cannot be perfectly understood or comprehended by a finite understanding as that of the creature must still be though it be glorified There shall be enough unto our perfection but we shall never be able to know God unto his perfection and therefore the School-men do affirm that though all the Saints for the substance of their happiness shall see God in his Essence as he is yet quoad mensuram ex sola Dei voluntate pendet ex arbitraria dispensatione as to the measure it depends wholly on the Divine Will and his arbitrary dispensation And this is the ground of the degrees of glory in Heaven that as there are different discoveries of good here which are the ground of the different degrees of grace here so it shall be in glory also § 4. Now follows the Nature and Properties of this Vision as it conduces unto the blessedness of the creature 1. Here we see God by Negatives only and speak of him rather as he is not than as he is viâ negationis by denying to him the imperfections of the creatures it 's one of the highest ways that we have here and therefore we say he is invisible incomprehensible and eternal c. that is he hath neither beginning of days nor end of life but we shall then see him in all those Positive excellencies that be in him and we shall come to the knowledge of him in that low way no more Joh. 3.12 2. Here we know God but by way of Resemblance and Metaphors taken from the creatures he doth speak to us heavenly things in an earthly manner he is said to be the Lord of Hosts a man of war and he is said to be a Rock a Fountain a Father an Husband and he is said to have a face and back parts to be the ancient of days to have a garment white as snow and the hair of his head as pure wool and his Throne as a fiery flame Dan. 7.9 And so we see him Discursively as we can gather something of God from these similitudes but we shall then see him Immediately and Intuitively as he is in himself and not through the glass of the creatures any more not by Ideas taken in by the weak and imperfect collections of our understanding but by the glorious pure and perfect representations of himself 3. They shall see God as their own and all the excellencies that are in him as their own portion It 's but a little the Saints do see here of God in this life a small portion is known of him but yet there is this difference between the sight of the Saints that they have of God here and other men as the Apostle says Col. 1.27 It has been hid from ages and from generations but now is made manifest to the Saints to whom God would make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles which is Christ in you the hope of glory They read it as they do the Scripture as their own evidence but other men they read over all the mysteries of godliness and Heaven as the evidences of other men and not as their own portion they cannot say as the Saints do Christus in Evangelio tuo meus est Christ in thy Gospel is my Christ as Tertullian to Marcion There is a great difference between a strangers looking upon the glory and excellencies that are in a man and of his wifes looking upon them the one looks upon them and admires them and is affected with them and will talk of the fine sight he has seen and there 's an end he lets the discourse fall again it 's not his concern to be thinking of it ay but his wife looks upon them with another eye as being hers and because she has an interest in his person she has a setled esteem of them and the thought of it is always her contentment So do the Saints look upon the fulness of Christ here with delight and so they behold the glory of God with satisfaction for their soul says unto the Lord Thou art my portion 4. They see themselves in God There is indeed much of God discovered in all the creatures and yet they are but only vestigia Dei the footsteps of God and yet the Saints delight to behold them because they see something of God in them and the more of God is discovered in any creature or any passage of providence the more their hearts are affected with it Psal 8. When I consider the heavens the works of thy hands it 's the speech of Christ he is much affected with the creatures and the sight of God in them but there
connaturali in a connatural way so in the same way he glorifies him as it is in this life vision doth increase grace and answerable to the degrees of vision such are the degrees of grace so it 's perfect vision that doth perfect grace in the same way that Satan brought sin and death into the soul 1 Tim. 2.14 namely by the understanding for the woman was deceived as it is in 2 Cor. 11.3 so the same way will the Lord bring in grace and life into the soul it comes in by the understanding the eyes of our understanding being enlightned by a spirit of revelation Eph. 1.17 18. and the same way doth glory enter into the soul namely by the understanding also and therefore it must be in a way of vision 2. Divines do commonly conclude that the main and essential part of glory doth consist in contemplation This is life eternal to know thee the only true God Joh. 17.3 Mat. 5.8 Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God And Heb. 12.14 For without holiness no man shall see the Lord. It 's the happiness of Christ in thy presence or in thy face is fulness of joy it is in the Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Plural Now the manner of the Hebrews is to put the Plural Number when the excellency and transcendency of a thing is expressed as Cant. 1.3 Thy love is better than wines or else to set forth the great variety of the glorious discoveries of God which the Lord gives unto his own people in Heaven and in this is the fulness of the joy of Christ after his Resurrection from the dead and so it is with the Saints Psal 17.15 Psal 17.15 I shall be satisfied when I awake with thy likeness The Saints sleep in the grave and they do awake unto the vision of God and they shall see his face in righteousness and they shall be satisfied with his image the which in the original doth signifie full and perfect satisfaction 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so that there is no place to receive any more There is a great satisfaction in the discoveries of God to the soul here in this life in the joy of the Holy Ghost they do rejoyce with joy unspeakable and glorious but yet there is still something to be added they are not in such a condition but their faculties may be enlarged and their satisfaction increased but there is a full satisfaction hereafter unto which there can be no addition But what is meant by his image and likeness Here some do understand it of the image of God created in us which shall then be perfectly restored when they come to glory the good work that is begun in this life shall not be perfected till in the day of the Lord. Phil. 1.6 Though I do not find the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 any where used in Scripture for the image of God created in man or renewed in him but two other words yet this word I find in Scripture to be put either for a corporeal or an intellectual image Exod. 20.4 Thou shalt not make a graven image or the likeness of any thing in heaven above not make unto thy self a corporeal or visible representation of an invisible God 't is said Num. 12.8 the image or the similitude of God shall he behold it 's spoken of an intellectual image and representation of God in a glorious manner unto the understanding full of glorious excellencies though under no shape and this was a priviledge that the Lord would give Moses a further discovery of himself beyond what he would do to any man upon earth And so I should take the meaning to be here it 's not the image of God in us but the discoveries and manifestations of God unto us that is unto our understanding in which our fulness of joy and satisfaction doth consist Cùm tenebrae mortalitatis transierint manè astabo contemplabor When the darknesses of mortality have passed away in the morning I shall stand and contemplate Austin In contemplatione divinorum maximè consistit beatitudo Beatitude consists in the contemplation of divine perfections Aquinas It 's true that this shall be the greatest torment in Hell the contemplation of their misery and the reflexion upon their own lost and irrecoverable condition it 's concluded that poena damni the punishment of loss is the greatest part of the torments there and that can no otherwise afflict or be a torment but by the contemplation thereof and surely in this doth the blessedness of God consist namely in beholding of his own perfections and the glorious persons delighting themselves in each other for the Lord is blessed for evermore and from everlasting when there was no creature but his blessedness lay in himself and the contemplation of himself was his blessedness and if this do make the Lord blessed surely then in the contemplation of him much more must the blessedness of the creature consist therefore happiness must consist in vision 3. Because the understanding is the leading faculty by which all good is brought into the soul it 's true that the souls in Heaven are called souls made perfect Heb. 2.3 Beatitudo cùm sit summa perfectio perficit totum Beatitude seeing it is the highest perfection perfects the whole soul in all the faculties thereof There are three things wherein the happiness of the Saints doth consist 1 A perfect Vision or perfect understanding 2 A perfect Fruition which is nobilissima operatio voluntatis the most noble operation of the will Medina 3 Perfect Joy and exultation joy unspeakable and glorious everlasting joy upon their heads Psal 16. ult in thy face is fulness of joy and at thy right hand are pleasures for evermore and by this means the whole soul is made perfect but yet the leading faculty still is the understanding and for this cause seeing blessedness comes in by the understanding Psal 17. ult satisfaction also comes into the whole soul by those revelations manifestations visions and discoveries of God made unto the soul Aquinas saith of blessedness that it is in intellectu primariò in voluntate per consequens secundariò In the intellect primarily and in the will by consequent and secundarily Seeing therefore that this vision doth carry with it Fruition Delectation and whatever may make the whole soul to become perfect therefore it 's no wonder if the Lord is said to be the portion of his people by way of vision and the blessedness of the Saints be said to consist therein Quest 2 § 2. Shall the Vision of God in glory be corporeal or shall it be intellectual only discoveries of God unto bodily eyes or unto the eyes of the understanding only Answ 1. The Essence of God in glory cannot be seen with bodily eyes it cannot be a corporeal vision which is manifest 1 from Scripture 1 Tim. 6.16 He dwells in light
them all the good things that they enjoy below and all that communion which they enjoyed here with him where they see his back parts there they shall see his face for ever and therefore it 's beyond the hopes and the expectation of the Saints ◠Thess 1.10 He shall come to be glorified in his Saints and admired in them that believe Now the ground of admiration is the over-plus of expectation they shall say as the Queen of Sheba did of Solomons glory We have heard of thee here below but the half was not told and this glory lies in God alone It 's true there is not the meanest reward but it is beyond the desert of the best of our services and it is meerly free grace that rewards them but if the Lord should give a man as he did Nebuchadnezzar Egypt for his hire Kingdoms and Nations as the reward of his services that he did in this life and yet say to him at the last day You have your reward you were herein for ever miserable 4. Thy portion in the creatures will fail thee for ever and deceive thee as a brook that passes by for all flesh is grass and the glory and the pride of it is but as the flower of the field and it will be said to thee In thy life-time thou hadst thy good things for as you brought nothing into this world so it 's certain that you can carry nothing out but the soul shall be stripped of whatever is dear to it here below for they are this worlds goods and given but as a viaticum in the way till a man come to his journies end and whether they be ad regnum or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ad supplicium as Chrysost it 's all one they are not of any use in the life to come and therefore when all men have acted their parts here and are gathered into their own place then there shall be a general conflagration of the world when the earth and all the works of men shall be burnt up 2 Pet. 3. for they are but for the present time of this life and they will afterwards be of no further use to a man for ever but hereafter God shall be all in all 1 Cor. 15.28 and God will work all things by himself immediately Here he doth comfort us by the creatures and rules us by Angels by Magistrates and Ministers but that shall not be in the life to come for he will work all himself immediately In this life we are to be taken up about God the knowledge of God and the love of God but we are busied with many things else cumbred about many things and we are to take care of the things of this life in our calling which interrupts our abiding with God but these imployments are but for the support of humane society in this present state that we might serve God and the good of Community but we shall be taken up with God and the things of God only in the life to come and with God immediately not God in the creatures as now we are In this life we take pleasure in many things besides God the works of God are sought out by his servants and we please our selves with the comforts that he has given us in our way for in this life God heaps variety of benefits upon us he loads us daily with his benefits but after this life there shall be but one great reward and a man shall go out unto creatures for nothing unto eternity there shall be a comfort in them but not out of necessity but variety all of them seeing God in themselves and in each other but if a mans portion be in any thing without God I tell thee thou must leave it behind thee Isa 50.11 when thou comest to lie down in the grave and so having kindled a fire you compass your self in your own sparks you shall lye down in sorrow All the comforts of an ungodly man in this life are compared to the light of a candle not only because they are maintained by creatures base matter here below but also because they will go out in the end for the longest candle will end in a snuff but now the light of the godly and their comfort being in God it shines as the Sun more and more unto the perfect day 5. It shall be unto you according to your desire you shall never have any part or portion in God for ever that which is thy sin shall be thy punishment as Christ made it to them that were invited they shall never taste of my supper so it shall be with you you will have no interest in God neither shall you have unto eternity depart from me you cursed cursed with eternal destruction from the presence of God and the glory of his power 2 Thess 1.9 and this is called utter darkness It 's true our Divines commonly say that the Torments of Hell are of two sorts 1 Poena damni something privative which is the loss of God and the happiness of the Saints 2 Poena sensus which is something positive a punishment inflicted by God immediately upon soul and body But it 's said commonly by Divines that it 's the first that is the greatest part of a mans torment and it 's that which makes Hell properly such which is demonstrated 1 from the meritorious cause of it which is sin There are in the Law two things 1 the precept 2 the prohibition Now the mind of the Law-giver was most in the precept and therefore the omission is a greater offence than the commission if they be apart considered now the punishment of loss is proportioned unto the omission of the precept as the punishment of sense is unto the commission of the sin 2 It will appear in this that the blessedness of the Saints in Heaven doth mainly consist in the vision of God that they shall see him face to face and in this is the happiness of the Angels and Saints yea of Christ himself Psal 16.1 therefore on the contrary doth the misery and damnation of the wicked lie that they shall be deprived of the vision of the face of God for ever Mille gehennae poenae at nihil est quale à gloria Dei excludi à Deo odio haberi c. Chrys 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Basil in oratione de extremo Judicio 6. He that has his portion in any thing below God and not in the Essence of God God will be ingaged against him for ever and his judgment shall flow from God immediately For either thou must have thy happiness in him immediately or else thy misery will come in immediately from him for ever for as after this life God will not govern by the creatures nor comfort by the creatures so neither will he afflict or punish by them but it shall be from his own immediate hand therefore the fire of Hell is not material fire as some
about it and so desirous to give a man ground of fulness of assurance that if there had been a greater God would have sworn by it but because there was no greater he swore by himself and so it 's here in this particular also the Lord is desirous to shew his Love unto his Saints to the utmost and Love is mainly seen in the bounty of it Now if there had been a greater gift than himself he would have bestowed it but because there was no greater he gave himself and made over his own Essence to them which is not only a strong ground of assurance that you shall be happy for he is the blessed God and his blessedness lies in himself and he is his own blessedness but that he shall according to the possibility of the creature become thy happiness also and it 's a sure ground that he that gives himself will deny nothing that may conduce to bring thee unto that glorious end which is the vision of Gods own Essence in which the height of his Love and of thy happiness 〈◊〉 and therefore Psal 84.11 He will be a sun and a shield he will give grace and glory and he can withhold or hold back nothing non prohibebit c. He that has given himself and could not withhold himself and his own Essence surely there is nothing else that he can withhold from thee that lovest him Vse 5 5. Admire the happiness of the Saints blessed men that you are who have your portion in the Lord Psal 144. ult O the blessedness and the infinite happiness of that people who have as their trust so their portion in God alone O happy must that creature be that hath his happiness in an infinite Being It is the glory of the righteousness of the Saints that it is setled in another and not in themselves and therefore the Saints should glory in their portion and make their boast of God Psal 34. My soul shall make her boast of God in God we boast all the day long The word in the Original is laudabit se shall praise it self 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 admire its own happiness and blessed condition every man answerably unto what he places his happiness in so he doth solace himself and glory in it Psal 44.8 Rich men boast themselves in the multitude of their riches and praise their condition as the only happy men in the world but this doth properly belong unto the Saints and therefore though thou art in never so mean a condition below though thy commons be short and thou art fed in the world as a Lamb in a large place yet thy happiness ends in God and that doth please thee more than all the corn and wine and oyl in this world as it did Christ Psal 16. the Lord is my portion the lot is fallen to me in a fair ground I have a goodly heritage Who is able to measure that happiness that lies in an infinite Essence and an infinite goodness I have seen an end of all perfection but thy commandments are exceeding broad so say all the Saints nothing is to be compared with a God Vse 6 Lastly If this be the happiness of the Saints then look through all the means that lead unto this end and let this be the great thing in your eye for Christ and Promises and Ordinances all of them are but to this end to bring you to God therefore look through them all to a further end Christ himself is but a medium thereunto and therefore for this happiness sigh and groan and be not satisfied with any thing else no not with the graces of God and communion with Jesus Christ but consider the enjoyment of the ultimate object of faith is God and then will our happiness be compleated when we shall be ever with the Lord then and not till then CHAP. IV. In the Covenant of Grace God makes over all the Persons in the Trinity SECT I. The distinct Offices and Acts of each Person in the Trinity in this Covenant § 1. I Now come unto the third Head in this great and glorious Promise and that is When the Lord doth promise to be the God of his people he doth make over to them in Covenant all the Persons in the Divine Nature for they had all of them a hand in the making of the Covenant and therefore all the promises of the Covenant come from them all they all of them do make over themselves unto the Saints and this will appear 1 by looking upon them all as free Agents and those that are absolute Lords and have dominion over their own acts and they have all given themselves 1 God the Father has made over himself I will be unto him a Father it 's spoken of Christ and therefore he is called by the Apostle the God and Father of the Lord Jesus Christ and by this means he is our Father my Father and your Father my God and your God say Christ Joh. 20. Esay 9.6 2 He gives the Son unto us Unto us a Son is given and therefore he is called by way of eminency the gift of God Joh. 4.10 Rom. 8. He that spared not his own Son but gave him to death for us all And yet the Son is not so given by the Father but he doth also freely give himself for he saith I and my Father are one not only one in essence but also one in will Joh. 10.30 in reference unto the great work of Redemption and therefore God doth â—o sooner make the motion to him Psal 40. it is brought in as the consultation held in Heaven before the Lord dispatched Christ into the world but Christ saith Lo I come to do thy will O God Psal 40. Joh. 10.18 I came not to do my own will but the will of him that sent me There is none that takes away my life but I lay it down of my self 3 And the giving of the Spirit it 's sometimes said to be the gift of the Father and therefore called the Promise of the Father which they were to wait for Acts 1.8 and sometimes the gift of the Son I will send the Comforter again Joh. 14.26 The Comforter that I will send you from the Father Joh. 15.26 and the Comforter whom the Father will send in my name Which is not to be interpreted as a promise only of the gifts and graces of the Spirit to come in but at second hand but as the giving of the Son is a giving of his person and giving us an interest therein so giving the Spirit is a giving of the person of the Spirit also and giving us a personal interest in him and as the Father and Son are one so is the Spirit also one with them and therefore has the same will with them and doth freely bestow himself upon the Saints for their portion as the Son doth to accomplish the great designs of the Gospel 2. This will
of promise who is the earnest of your inheritance And so 1 Pet. 1.2 Elect according to the fore-knowledge of God through the sanctification of the Spirit and the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ therefore by reason of the special interest that they have given unto the Saints in themselves they have undertaken distinct offices and this is plain in Son and Spirit which are terms of office He that is sent doth imply as much as to be imployed in the business of another and to receive his commission from another This will appear 1 in the work of Conversion and Election the Father begets calls draws For no man says Christ can come to me except God the Father draws him Christ he receives men but he receives none but those that the Father has given him he gives him the souls that he must save and they that come to him are so given him of the Father these shall come and none else he will in no wise cast them off And as Christ receives them so the Spirit unites God and the soul for he is the bond of union between them and their Head he that is joyned unto the Lord is one Spirit and we are one Spirit baptized into one body and therefore in the work of Election each of them have their distinct acts and office 2 In all the duties of the Saints they have their proper and distinct works as in hearing it is God the Father whose the truths are that they hear Eph. 3.9 they are a mystery hid in God from ages and from generations The book of his counsels are in the hand of him that sits upon the Throne who is the Word of God that is the Interpreter of the Fathers mind as the word of a man is of the mind of a man which I conceive is the proper meaning of that expression and so Joh. 1.17 The law came by Moses but grace and truth by Jesus Christ meritoriously for there is not a truth revealed but cost the blood of Christ and it is as the Lamb that was slain by virtue of his Priesthood that he doth open the book Rev. 5. And so the Spirit is the Eye-salve that gives us an understanding to receive the truths that are revealed and doth ingraft the word into the heart so in prayer also Joh. 5.20 the Father is prayed unto and therefore Christ teaches us in our prayers to look up unto God and to cry Our Father not but that Christ and the Spirit may be prayed to for they are God they are believed in and therefore are to be prayed unto but yet because of the different offices of the persons in this work of prayer therefore we are mainly directed to pray unto the Father so that he hears prayers and the Spirit indites them Rom. 8.26 and the Son he offers them with his own odours Rev. 8.3 3 It will appear also in the sealing of the Saints which I conceive is not the working of grace as some say and so the allusion is of a seal modo naturali and so the Spirit in working an impression of the image of Christ upon the soul is said to seal it leaving the like impression in the man but it is after a man believes Eph. 1.13 and I conceive that sealing is used in Scripture chiefly in a metaphorical sense to assure and to mark out a person as it 's said Ezech. 9. They were sealed that is set apart for it and seal the stone that is to make it sure to ratifie and confirm it Now there are the distinct seals of all the persons unto the evidences of the Saints they have all of them a distinct witness 1 Joh. 5.7 The Father the Word and the Spirit and they three agree in one they do all of them testifie the same thing but yet they do all of them give a distinct witness in the hearts of the Saints as they did witness unto Christ the Father from Heaven and the Son in his Baptism and the Spirit descending as a Dove so they do also unto the souls of the Saints and therefore Sacraments are called Seals not that they do work the righteousness of faith in any man for they do not work grace but strengthen and witness grace but because they do assure it unto the man that doth receive them and for that cause are said to be sealing Ordinances § 2. Now these distinct acts of office they do perform are grounded upon the distinct interest that the Saints have in them all and I call these acts of Office upon a double ground 1 Because they are but for a time during the present administration of the mediatory Kingdom which shall have its period and then the Father will draw souls to Christ no more the Son will present sacrifice to God no more 1 Cor. 15.24 the Spirit will no longer assist call purge sanctifie seal but all the graces of the Subjects of the Kingdom of Christ shall be perfected and all Gods ends in the Covenant of grace attained and then the offices that were undertaken but for the accomplishment of these ends shall be laid down 2 Because there is a personal glory that doth redound unto each person by these offices there be natural acts that do add to the essential glory the glory of the nature but acts of Office being personal they add unto the glory of the persons that do perform them 1 Cor. 5.17 18. God was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself the Father hath the glory thereof and the Son he hath taken the form of a servant and paid the service and made a purchase and he has the glory thereof all Nations are given unto him and the honour of it in the hearts of all the Saints Joh. 5.23 That all men may honour the Son c. And the Holy Ghost he works all in the hearts of the Saints he begins the good work Phil. 1.6 and he perfects it for all the graces of the Saints are but fruits of the Spirit and therefore he has a distinct glory also The great end and intent of God in the new Covenant was not only to shew forth the Attributes of his Nature and to glorifie them in a higher way than ever they were formerly under the first Covenant discovered as we have formerly seen but also to exalt the glory of all the persons in the hearts of the Saints that they might with hearts ravished with the love goodness and the offices of them all cry out Glory be unto the Father Son and holy Ghost and pray unto them all Rev. 1.5 6. Grace be unto you and peace from him which was and is and which is to come and from the seven Spirits before the Throne and from Jesus the faithful and true witness the first begotten of the dead and the Prince of the Kings of the Earth who has loved us and washed us from our sins by his own blood and has made
have Gods inheritance is in them Eph. 1.18 and theirs is chiefly in God therefore Heaven is called the Kingdom of the Father in this life it is the Kingdom of Christ There is a progress and a regress of this Kingdom it is from the Father and returns unto the Father again 8. Christs great comfort in departing this life was that he should go to the Father If you loved me you would rejoyce Joh. 20.17 Joh. 14.28 Luk. 23.46 because I go to the Father this would make the thoughts of death sweet and the thoughts of Eternity desirable Christ at his death resigns his soul into the Fathers hand the people of God in this world are as it were orphans but they have a Father in Heaven and who would not make haste to him for your happiness and your home is in your fathers house Joh. 14.2 In my Fathers house are many mansions and Christ is gone before to prepare a place for you 1 Joh. 3.1 2. Now we are the sons of God but it appears not what we shall be that is adoptionis fructus nondum apparet It 's in our Fathers house that our portion is laid up therefore long for the adoption even the redemption of your bodies and in the mean while keep the truths that you have heard that you may continue in the Son and in the Father 1 Joh. 2 2◠2 Joh. 9. that you may have both the Father and the Son abide in their favour and their fellowship having once attained it keep the commandments of the Father and abide in his love as Christ the Son did Joh. 15.10 and the day will come that thou shalt shine as the Sun in the Kingdom of thy Father Concerning the relations of the Father under the second Covenant we are to take this general rule that in the same relation that he stands unto Christ in the same according to our place and station he stands unto us yet so as Christ in all things is to have the preheminence for that in all things must be reserved unto him Col. 1.18 and the ground of this rule is from that Joh. 20.17 I ascend unto my Father and your Father my God and your God This benefit the Saints have by their union with the Lord Jesus Christ that they not only stand in many sweet and comfortable relations unto him but through him in their own sphere they stand in the same relation unto God the Father together with him § 2. The second relation of the Father unto Christ is that he is Christs King and his Lord 1 Cor. 11.3 The head of Christ is God the head of every man is Christ 1 Cor. 11.3 and the head of the woman is the man It 's not spoken of Christ ratione naturae in regard of his nature for he is God equal with the Father and he counts his equality no robbery he takes but what is his own but ratione oeconomiae in respect of his office that he has undertaken by the appointment of the Father Now how is the Father the head of Christ as Christ is the head of the Church and the man of the woman that is in respect of the guidance and government he has over us and so Christ is the Churches head is called the Churches King and it is usual in the Hebrew to call Princes heads of the people Num. 14.4 Let us make us a head and return into Egypt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a prince a ruler Judg. 11.8 They said unto Jephtath Be thou our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead be thou our King 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hos 1.11 it 's spoken of the conversion of the Jews after they were called Loammi and therefore it 's not yet come they shall appoint unto themselves one head Ezech. 37.24 David my servant shall be King over them and David my servant shall be their Prince for ever it 's spoken of their chusing Christ to be their King and their glory in the day when the Lord shall raise up the Tabernacle of David that is fallen down So here by Head is meant that the Father is Christs King and he doth rule him as a King in the whole work of his Mediatorship and he is Christs Lord so he himself doth call him Psal 16.2 It 's the speech of Christ as appears by the whole Psalm and he saith unto Jehovah Thou art my Lord Adonai Now in this relation the Father also stands to all those that are Saints and members of Christ he is their Lord and their King also Mat. 22.1 The kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain king that made a marriage for his son God the Father is the King Mat. 22.1 Christ the Son is the Bridegroom the Elect of God is the Spouse the Lambs wife their marriage is their union with Christ and the marriage-feast are the Ordinances unto which the guests were by his servants invited and of how great consequence this is we shall see in the person of Christ himself as God the Father is his Lord and King 1 He doth give unto Christ a Law as he is his Lord and King for God the Father is the great Law-giver Christ doth nothing but as the Fathers subject and in obedience unto him so Esay 42.1 he is called but the Fathers servant and he does only the Fathers business Luk. 2.49 and he receives a Law from him Joh. 10.18 This commandment have I received of my Father this law is in the middle of my bowels and it was a law commanding him to lay down his life for his people and so do the Saints for Christ is God the Fathers King Psal 2.1 1 Because he receives his government from him he it was that did anoint him and set him up he did receive his Kingdom from the Ancient of days Dan. 7.14 2 He hath from him the laws and rules of his government for he says I came not to do mine own will but the will of him that sent me therefore all the laws that he gives they are no other than those he has received from the Father 3 For the ends of his government they are also prescribed him For I seek not mine own glory but the glory of him that sent me Now it 's a happiness for any people to have a wise and a righteous Law-giver and this is a comfort and an honour to the Saints that they have Christ their King and the law that he has given them is a royal Law Jam. 2.8 much more should the Saints rejoyce in this that he that is Christs King and Lord is their Lord also and he that is Christs Law-giver is also theirs the subjection of the Angels should be enough unto a man that he should be brought into subjection but much more we should be content to receive the law at his mouth and rejoyce in it when he is unto Christ himself a Lord and a Law-giver 2 As he is King and Lord
so to all those that wait for them the Father will say I am thy Father and the Son say I am thy Saviour and the Spirit I am thine therefore exercise faith upon your interest in all the persons and in particular upon your interest in God the Father and be much in communion with the Father seeing communion is personal and there is a distinct interest in all the persons therefore a distinct communion that which was the happiness of these persons communion and the infinite satisfaction that they took one in another that shall be thy happiness and thy portion for ever § 3. We are to exercise faith upon all the persons in this manner made over under the second Covenant and to live upon this principle in all our ways 1 That they are all of them objects of faith is clear for the ultimate object of faith is God 1 Pet. 1.21 Now as we are to take in the whole Scripture as objectum immediatum the immediate object and every part of the Scripture is to be believed as an object of faith so the whole Godhead all the attributes of God and all the persons in the Godhead are by faith to be rested upon for there are 1 Thess 3.10 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 defects of faith so long as faith takes not in its whole object it hath not its perfect work Jam. 1.3 2 We are to worship them all though not as apart one from another yet as in our apprehension distinguished and we are to give unto them distinct worship as Christ says Joh. 4.23 The time cometh that you shall neither in this mountain nor in Jerusalem worship the Father he that will worship God must worship him in spirit and in truth for the Father seeks such to worship him c. Now worship is twofold either cultus naturalis qui ex ipsa Dei natura pendet natural worship c. There is no man that did ever worship a God but he did acknowledge that this God he was to believe in and hope in love and pray to and to hear and obey him in all things and there is a cultus institutus qui ex liberrima Dei voluntate pendet c. instituted worship which depends on the will of God Now the highest act of worship is in believing and it 's unto this that all the Institutions which are but media cultûs means of worship are properly subordinate for cultus institutus medii locum tantùm supplet ad cultum primarium being to worship the persons we must give to each of them that which is the main of worship and that is to believe in them 3 It is from the objects of faith that the life of the soul comes in Esa 38.16 By these things men live and in all these things is the life of my spirit for the Prophet Esaias had said Take a lump of figs and lay it upon the boil and he shall recover by this promise I shall live and many others that come after shall live upon the promises by this experiment that I have had and found of them for faith is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the mouth and eye of the soul Now the delight of the eye in seeing comes from the object and the nourishment of the body comes in by the mouth and therefore it 's said Eccles 6.7 That all the labour of the man is for his mouth it 's from the meat that a man eats that the strength of his body is derived and therefore Christ as the object of faith saith That his flesh is meat indeed and his blood drink indeed it notes strength and nourishment comes from the object of faith and the way of conveyance is by union it is by sucking the sap and the sweet of it crede manducâsti and if any object of faith do not contribute its part and the soul lives not upon it it will in its strength decay and therefore we live by the faith of the Son of God Gal. 2.20 because it is from the direct acts of faith that life comes in and here are two things to be spoken to 1 What the objects of faith are that the soul is to take in in the making over of each person under the second Covenant 2 What acts of faith the soul is to put forth upon them 1. The objects of faith that the soul is to take in in each of the persons are these 1 The persons themselves we are to believe the record of them all 1 Joh. 5.10 Joh. 5.45 we are to hear and learn of the Father and we are to believe in the Son To him give all the Prophets witness 1 Joh. 5.6 Act. 10.43 that whosoever believes in him shall have remission of sins Joh. 3.16 and we are to believe in the Spirit it is the Spirit that bears witness because the Spirit is truth and so we are to come unto them in duties in prayer and hearing and in all acts of worship and the ground of it is because we are to believe in him for they cannot pray to him in whom they have not believed Rom. 10.14 Rom. 10.14 Now though the benefit that we have by all these persons is exceeding great the Father adopts and justifies us by the imputation of the righteousness of Christ and the remission of sins and the Son is Jehovah our righteousness and he gives us power to become the sons of God and the Spirit is the bond of our union the principle of our sanctification and the guide of our way yet the ground of all this interest in their benefits is our interest in their persons so that as our interest in the Mediator and union with his person is far greater than all the benefits that we receive by him because it is the fountain from which they do all flow and the root upon which they do all grow 1 Joh. 5.12 so it 's here also interest in the persons is the foundation of all our interest in their benefits for if we had no title unto the persons we could have no benefit by them or any part thereof and therefore as they are personal promises that are the great promises of the Gospel so they are personal interests that are the great priviledges of the Gospel and that in which the main of the life of a Saint lyes so that as when Christ is set forth by God the Father as a propitiation lifted up in the Gospel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rom. 3.25 the soul by the recumbency of faith casts it self upon him leaves it self with him Psal 10.14 so the Father and Spirit are set forth in the Gospel as the God of consolation and the soul is to rely roll and cast it self upon them and as we are not barely to look upon the benefits that come by Christ so neither are we to the benefits that come by them but it is their persons ens incomplexum not things that the soul is to rest upon 2
aestum infoelicitatem by reason of its splendour it notes felicity and by reason of its scorching Isa 60.19 20. Rev. 21.23 infelicity thy Sun shall no more go down for the Lord shall be thine everlasting light the city shall have no need of the light of the Sun for the glory of God shall enlighten it It is not spoken as some would wrest it of the Scripture and Ordinances but it is of all temporal prosperity and felicity they shall have such a supply from God immediately that though they shall have abundance such as never was in the world yet they shall have no need of it by reason of the immediate supply that they shall have from God himself Amos 8.9 and so Jer. 15.9 Thy Sun shall set while it is yet day I will cause thy Sun to set at noon day that is all thy comforts and thy prosperity shall suddenly and unexpectedly depart when you looked for nothing less so that by the Sun is meant all happiness all comfort all prosperity and there needs but one Sun and when this Sun doth shine there will be no need of the light of the Moon or the Stars and he that having God doth take in any other comfort it 's but Lucernam ad Solem accendere setting up a candle when the Sun doth shine there is enough in him there needs no more And this will appear first in this life and that by these three demonstrations 1 He that hath God has all things else Rev. 21.7 He that overcomes shall inherit all things I will be his God and it was all the portion that Christ looked for and gloried in Psal 16.5 The Lord is the portion of my inheritance and of my cup the lines are fallen to me in a pleasant place c. Mar. 10.30 He shall have an hundred-fold more in this present time it cannot be in kind and therefore cannot be understood formally but eminently that is he shall have in God the comforts of all these if they were an hundred times nay if they were a thousand times multiplied 2 It will further appear by this if there were not an alsufficiency in God he could never give a self-sufficiency unto the Saints for they have no sufficiency in themselves 2 Cor. 3.5 We are not sufficient of our selves as of our selves we have a sufficiency but it 's not in our selves as of our selves but it is that which we receive by grace and is by God communicated unto us but a godly man hath a self-sufficiency 1 Tim. 6.6 Godliness is great gain I know how to want and how to abound I am instructed in all things yet this is not to be understood of self as divided from God but of self as united to God he hath his sufficiency in him alone now he that can give a man a self-sufficience must have in him an alsufficience 3 It will appear if we consider the particulars whatever a man can in this life stand in need of it is all to be had in God in such a way as a man shall not need to go any whither else for a supply but unto him alone Jer. 2.13 1 For Provision he needs none else he is the fountain of living water for by water all good things are expressed that are necessary for the support of a mans life and when we depart from God we go from the fountain unto the streams for all is in him and from him the creatures are all but streams and they are supplied from him and therefore it is far more glorious in him than it is in them and far more sweet and therefore it is well observed that when Christ cursed the fig-tree it withered by the roots to shew that the growth and greenness of it did not depend so much upon its own root as it did upon the blessing of God thereupon and therefore take Moses for an instance and he lived forty days without food upon the mountain and so did Eliah in the wilderness and if the bread that comes down from Heaven which is Christ can nourish the heart of man much more the bread that is in Heaven it is this that is the Angels food upon him they live and on him they feed unto Eternity 2 For Protection they need none else but he is a Shield as well as a Sun Zac. 9.12 Return to your strong hold there is safety enough in one God they need no other defence but himself it 's true that the Lord doth nourish us here by creatures Psal 84.11 and he doth protect us by Angels they pitch their Tents about us c. but it is not to supply any defect in God for there is all protection in him and 't is in him that the Saints rejoyce and place their defence God is the rock of my strength and my refuge is in God Psal 62.7 it 's taken from the City of refuge when the avenger of blood did pursue Now I have no City of refuge to fly to when the danger is eminent but God alone and therefore it may be that is meant by the Chambers spoken of Esa 26.20 Come my people enter into your chambers it is God and the several hiding-places that be in him Zac. 2.5 it 's the secret of his pavilion in which he will hide me I will be unto Jerusalem a wall of fire it 's true that they had no walls for the City lay waste and in its ruines but there is no wall like to that of fire There is a story of an Island in Lycia Ephestion incolae vocant quam sine ullo damno ignis innocuus circuit Sen. epist. 79. regio laeta herbida which is encompassed about with fire c. This is a fit resemblance of the shelter of the Saints in the God of their Salvation they shall have salvation for walls and bulwarks when the rest of the world are exposed to the wrath and the judgments of God which shall burn and consume them 3 For Pleasure and Delight they need none but in him God is the Well of life to his people and shall make them to drink of the river of his pleasure Psal 36.10.9 Job 22.26 and therefore the Saints are said to delight themselves in the Lord thou shalt delight in the Almighty and to delight themselves with God is the highest satisfaction a creature can be capable of and then God gives us the desire of our heart and we are exhorted to rejoyce in the Lord always Psal 37.4 and there are no delights amongst the best of the creatures that hold any proportion unto those that the soul takes in God O they will sweeten all the bitterness of the creatures In the multitude of my thoughts thy comforts delight my soul it 's true may a poor soul say Psal 94.19 that I have had great variety of troublesom thoughts which have much perplexed me for there is nothing disquiets a man so as the
Earth and therefore thoughts of God do secretly steal away his heart with a sweet and unspeakable delight as it is with a man in the pleasures of sin his soul is stoln away with the thoughts of them insensibly much more is it so with the thoughts of God as the Lord having chosen us doth rejoyce over us as a Bridegroom over his Bride Hephzibath much more should we rejoyce in him as our portion There are two things wherein joy is exercised 1 Contemplation when a man takes a view of the happiness of his own condition by reason of his interest as Nebuchadnezzar doth Is not this great Babel that I have built and Jezebel to Ahab Dost not thou now govern Israel So a Saint Is not the Lord my portion in the land of the living 2 There is a dilatation in joy it doth enlarge the heart and thereby prepares it for the entertainment of the object for it doth transport or carry a man beyond himself as we see in Davids dancing before the Ark and the Saints should be much in rejoycing in God for the joy of the Lord is your strength 7. Make your boast of God glory and triumph in him Psal 97.7 My soul shall make her boast of God as it 's said of wicked men that boast themselves in their vain gods c. so a Saint should make his boast in God and say I have made a sweet choice I have a goodly heritage and undervalue all other Beloveds in comparison of your own There is no God like unto our God Make your challenge to the men of the world and bid them bring forth all the gods of the world and let them be compared with Jehovah there is none like the Lord therefore in thy choice bless thy soul that there is no rock like our Rock this God is our God and there is none besides him triumph over all thy enemies and their opposition In thy strength we shall tread down our enemies bear your selves high upon your God despise them say The virgin daughter of Sion hath laughed thee to scorn we care not though they be gathered together against us they shall fall for God is with us Job 5.22 At destruction and famine thou shalt laugh neither shalt thou be afraid of the beasts of the earth c. And this is to have a self-sufficiency and to have a mans mind conformed to the greatness of his interest these things can never be known but by experience and practice nunquam futurum ut quis speculativè tantùm fiat Christianus none ever became a Christian by speculation only Vse 4 § 4. See and observe from hence the happy condition of the Saints that they have an interest in the alsufficiency of God Psal 144. ult Happy are the people whose God is the Lord. It 's a special duty that lies upon the people of God to maintain in themselves high thoughts of their own interest and the excellency of their condition and a special step to bring men in to God is to have their thoughts raised and a high esteem of the blessed condition of them that have an interest in him and here consider 1. It 's the highest way of honouring God that can be in this life It 's a great honour to God for a man to see so much excellency in him as to chuse him at the first sight but many a man that doth so may afterwards fall from his former apprehensions and then his former affections do wax cold as there is many a man makes choice of Christ and calls him the chiefest often thousand and yet afterwards it may be said to him Where is the blessedness you spake of Gal. 4.15 it is still the same it was in it self but it was not so in their apprehensions it 's said many of the followers of Christ went back from him Joh. 6. and the Apostle speaks of men that do draw back Heb. 10.39 Heb. 10.39 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 subauditur 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so Grot. We are not subductionis filii in which is an Hebraism and it signifies two things 1 Men excellent or eminent in any thing addicted or inclined unto it are said to be the sons of it as 2 Sam. 2.7 there is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the sons of valour men eminent in it 2 It signifies a man destinated and appointed unto it as 1 Sam. 20.31 Saul saith of David he is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a son of death a man judged and appointed unto death Now there are some men that are the sons of Apostasie men that are of themselves addicted and inclined to it and they are by God judged to it of old ordained Jude 4. and it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is subductio a secret withdrawment in an unobserved way not an Apostasie from the profession of the Truth but a receding of the affections and the inward dispositions of the soul they recoil for as Job 31.27 he speaks of a mans heart being secretly enticed and so there is a secret withdrawment of the inward man and blessed is that Christian who keeps up his esteem of spiritual things and that his apprehensions of them rise rather than fall for love is grounded upon esteem and as a mans apprehensions do decay so will his affections also Now this is the highest love that can be when a man upon second thoughts reflex thoughts can approve and applaud his own choice and can bless himself in his heart and say I would not have it otherwise so doth Paul shew his love to Christ I have and I do Phil. 3.7 yea doubtless and I count all things but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus c. and so do the men of the world shew their love unto the things of the word Psal 49.18 While he lived he blessed his soul and they are looked upon as the blessed and happy men by all the world c. that if a man were to chuse his own lot he would be in such a mans condition but a godly man if he had all the estates and conditions of the world before him yet he would chuse and prefer this before them all to have an interest in God As reflex acts do most fully shew the setling of the soul in a sinful way that a man doth approve of it afterwards as by continuing impenitent in it it is manifest as the Devil non invenit locum poenitentiae ergo nec veniae Bernard so there is nothing that doth shew the establishment of the soul so much upon God as this doth that a man can reflect and take a review and say I would not have it otherwise for all the world as these reflex thoughts of our interest in God are most comfortable unto us so they are most honourable unto God also 2. It 's this that doth make a man to set light by the scorns and derisions that are put upon him by the world it 's
plainly that they did seek a country so when we see the Saints of God to seek after no creature-sufficiency and not to place their happiness and the stay of their lives upon them it is a plain argument that they have their sufficiency in something else there is something else that doth bear up and elevate their spirits which can be nothing else but the acting of their souls upon the alsufficiency of God Vse 5 § 5. All you that have an interest in the alsufficiency of God walk before him and be upright Gen. 17.1 2. for what need a man to turn aside to any other what need had he to hasten after another god Psal 16.4 If the alsufficiency of God be yours he that is self-sufficient for his own happiness surely he will be alsufficient for yours and therefore there is no need to wander after the pleasures of sin or the comforts of the creatures if there be no defect to be supplied what need had we to call in any other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 perfect good seems to be alsufficient Aristot If there be a perfect good it must needs be sufficient for that is perfect unto which nothing can be added if the creatures be added unto the Lord he is never the more perfect therefore if the creatures are wanting there is no defect no deficiency in him and if we need no other why should we trouble our selves to make out to another to do any thing in vain we count it folly to take in many things for that which may be supplied in one frustra fit per plura c. therefore keep God to thee and thou shalt want nothing Here is a double duty required from the alsufficiency of God to all his Covenant-people 1. To walk with God Walk before me 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 before my face in conspectu meo as in my sight as being under mine eye in whatever thou dost put thy hand unto There are three expressions take in a mans whole duty towards God in the way and in the course of his conversation 1 Walking with God Gen. 5.24 Enoch walked with God 1 It is a term of reconciliation that the enmity between God and the man is taken away for they are friends that walk together Amos 3.3 2. Two cannot walk together unless they be agreed so that a man must be in a state of reconciliation 2 It 's a term of communion that in a mans way he should have fellowship with God in his whole course and in all the actions of his life for that is a mans walk and therefore 2 Cor. 6.16 when the Lord hath communion with his people he is said to walk with us and when we have communion with God we are said to walk with him Luther extra causam justificationis nemo potest bona opera satis magnificè commendare Luth. and a man is to walk with God not only in religious duties but also in all the common and ordinary actions of his life a man should not only do what the Lord doth command but he should do it unto the same end for which it was commanded and that is that he might enjoy communion with God therein 2 There is a following of God or a walking after him Num. 14.24 it 's called following of the Lamb that implies three things 1 A walking by rule for a man must go no where but where he sees the footsteps of God before him 2 It is coming up unto the exactness of the rule that he doth follow the Lord exactly he doth not miss one step where he sees God to have gone before him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and this Eph. 5.15 is walking circumspectly 3 It is walking with God unto the end and so it implies a perseverance it is not a going a part of the way after God and then to turn back from following him but it is to follow after him and to continue unto the end and so it is said That the Lord called Abraham to his foot Esa 41.1 and this is to follow the Lord fully or as it is in the Original implevit post me he did fulfil after me c. 3 There is a walking before God that is with a constant respect unto his all-seeing eye he sees the eye of God always upon him and he sees that to be a holy eye that no sin can scape it nothing can blind it all things are naked and open before it and he that doth observe it it is unto this end that he may judge it that he may give unto every man according as his works shall be and that 's the meaning Luke 15.21 I have sinned against heaven and before thee by Heaven the Learned do understand the presence of God who doth dwell in Heaven and therefore Psal 73.9 They do set their mouth against heaven Mollet Ad veram sapientiam pertinet ut Deum praesentem cuncta inspicientem jugiter attendamus Carth. that is contra Deum audacter sese efferunt Mat. 21.25 The Baptism of John was it from Heaven or from men that is from God and that was the great thing that without regard unto the greatness of God and his glory without respect unto his presence and his holiness and his all-seeing eye he sinned against him and that did affect him and that also did cut the heart of David I have done this evil in thy sight and yet I had no fear of thy glorious presence and thy all-seeing eye so that there are these six things necessary to a mans walking as becomes a Saint in reference unto God 1 he must be in a state of reconciliation 2 he must walk by rule 3 he must go to the exactness of the rule 4 he must persevere and continue unto the end and not turn away and draw back 5 he must have an eye upon the presence of God and his eye in all he doth 6 he must do all this that he may enjoy fellowship and communion with the Lord in his whole course 2. That we be upright or perfect with him there is a perfection of the Saints in this life even while their souls are imperfect Heb. 12.23 and it consists in two things 1 When the soul in its choice and bent cleaves unto God alone and goes out after no other Psal 18.29 God will be yours if you will be his you must be unto him and to no other Hos 3.3 God can admit of no Corrivals with him 2 When there is a perfection in the inward man all grace is there in truth the whole new man the whole Law of God is written in the heart he respects the whole Law of God leaves none of his Commandments out in his practice it 's not enough to know the will of God but there must be a doing of his will his practice must answer his knowledge and when all these are in you and abound then you are said to be perfect
and they are cast out as a branch and wither but during the time of their continuance in this kingdom till he has cast them out for their rebellion there is a government that the Lord Jesus by his Spirit doth exercise towards them and over them for the good of his Saints And this will appear by the expressions that we meet with in Scripture 1 They are his servants Joh. 8.35 the Church is compared to a house a family as it 's called the family of God and the house of God and of this family Christ is the Master now there is a special imployment that he has for every one of his servants and they are under his special command and dominion it is true this family is made up of servants and of sons and the servants may have a greater rule in the house than the sons but yet both under the authority of the housholder only he rules over the one as a Master and over the other as a Father but both are in subjection Cant. 6.8 there are in the Church sixty Queens and fourscore Concubines and Virgins without number some are truly married unto Christ and have a true right and authority in the family by their marriage-union with the King for the woman shines by the beams of her husband but there are Concubines that came in only for lusts sake and that did bear fruit but it was never from a marriage state and there were Virgins that were companions only that were not married neither did they in a manner bear fruit but were for attendants only and the King has a special rule and dominion over all these c. 2 The Church visible is compared to a great House 2. Tim. 2.20 some expound it de mundo but contextus nos ducit ut de Ecclesia intelligamus non de extraneis disputat Apostolus sed de ipsa familia Dei Calv. there is not a vessel but it has its use though all have not the same use nor of the like honour yet all are for use and all are for the Masters use so that there is a special dominion that is exercised over them all as well the vessels of wood and stone as those that are of gold to imploy them where he will and as he will in what service he pleases for it is his will that makes their use to differ it is for the Saints sake that he makes use of them so that all Gods dispensations towards unregenerate men in the Church is for their sakes all the husbandry that is exercised about the unfruitful branches is for the sake of those that have a blessing in them for the wicked shall have no benefit by it in the great day of the Lord the greater rule the Lord has exercised towards men the greater will their abhorring be the nearer they have been to him the further off shall they be from him the higher they have been exalted to heaven the deeper shall they be cast down to hell Mat. 11.23 there is utter darkness for the children of the kingdom Mat. 8.12 And this we may reduce unto four Heads 1 their graces 2 their gifts 3 their services 4 their sins and in all these the dominion of Christ over them is for the good of the Saints 1. Their graces are ruled by Christ for the Saints there are common graces which the Lord doth give unto unregenerate men in the Church common illuminations by which they see much glory and beauty in spiritual things and yet had never their eyes anointed with eye-salve and there are many common works upon the wills of men letting in a taste of the goodness of spiritual things so that the heart is much taken with them and makes out after them and there are many tendencies to the new birth Hos 13.13 we see them set forth to us Heb. 6.3 4. which is meant of the common graces of the Spirit of Christ under the Gospel which he works upon the souls and consciences of unregenerate men which are only from the Spirit assisting and not from the Spirit informing which flow not from union but from conviction and therefore from which in time they will surely fall away there is a great beauty that the Spirit of God in such common works doth put forth upon the souls of unregenerate men though it be but as the Sun shining upon a mud-wall or as a curious robe put upon a dead carkass it cannot keep it from stinking because there is not a principle of life in it 1 Hereby the Lord restrains their spirits There is a restraint without by a power that is upon the Devil by which he is restrained from doing the mischief he would else do but there is a restraint within upon the lusts of men and that is by some special works of the Spirit of God upon them Exod. 34.24 No man shall desire thy land c. and the Spirit restraining is for the Saints sake as well as the Spirit renewing Psal 76 10. The wrath of man shall praise thee Psal 76.10 and the remainder of wrath thou shalt restrain 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 accinges thou shalt gird up sometimes the Lord lets mens lusts loose and sometimes he does gird them up as he doth the Sea in a girdle of sand or else the Saints of God who are always as sheep amongst wolves would surely be devoured by them for their soul is amongst lyons Now they are common works that do exceedingly restrain the sins and the rage of unregenerate men and bind up their spirits both in reference unto persecution and the wrongs done by them as also in reference to corruption and the evil example given by them also 2 Hereby the Lord doth fit them for service for even the vessels of dishonour are for service in the house also though they be but of wood and stone c. Now though gifts do immediately qualifie them yet they are common works that do make them to exercise those gifts and are unto them as oyl to the wheels in the use of them as a temporary Believer he may be an eminent Professor and the house that such a one builds is far more glorious in outward shew than that of a Saint for they are both called builders Mat. 7.7 and many men do service for God but they are cold in it because they are acted only from without Rom. 16.18 whose God is their belly Non ità glacies frigus sicut Elcius alii sed ego rem seriam agebam ut quòd diem extremum horribiliter timui c. Luth. and this will make a man seem to act from an inward principle as if he had received life from the Spirit and were made alive from the dead and thereby even ungodly men do many times give a great testimony unto the principles and the practices of the Saints that they acknowledge them and seal unto them and yet nevertheless there is in them a principle to hate them
and that will vent it self in time when the thorns shall spring up to choak the word notwithstanding all the restraints that are upon their lusts for a season 3 Thereby they do good many times and give great encouragements to the Saints by their example for their lamps do shine as lights in the world and there are many that do shew others the way in which they themselves walk not but they have their diverticula their crooked ways they go forth with the people of God Psal 125.5 and yet they do afterwards repent themselves and turn back again from the way that 's called holy 2 Pet. 2.21 Godly men do not only follow the example of the Saints that is those that are really and truly so but they have many times very great encouragement from the example and the countenance of them that are not so as we see it in the instance of Joash how he did encourage the builders of the Temple especially when they are men in authority and power they do encourage and go before the Saints of God unto the end whereof they never come and so we have much experienced in our days 2. By their gifts also no man hath his gifts for himself they are this worlds goods they are not thy own but another mans as thy riches are and they are the Churches Treasure and they will fall from a man when he dyes as Elijahs mantle for they are of no use in the world to come and therefore shall not continue 1 Cor. 13.8 9. they are 1 for the Churches collection that so they may be instrumental in gathering in others As for that dispute Whether a man that is unregenerate is made use of by God to convert others I shall not now insist on but I conceive the power of conversion being not of man but of God the Lord calling such as belong to the Election doth according to his good pleasure concur with the one as with the other the gifts of the Ministry are for the gathering of the Saints Eph. 4. many of them are unregenerate men and yet have received a gift Mat. 7.21 and can say to Christ We have prophesied in thy name yet are cast-aways themselves for Christ has received gifts for men yea for the rebellious also that the Lord God might dwell amongst them Psal 68.18 that is that the Lord might have a Church for a habitation amongst them Habes ingenium verè aureum saith Austin of Lycentius diabolo propinas teipsum Deus populo suo tam per pios quà m per impios magna facere donare potest Luth. Golden wits may be the Devils vassals 2 For the perfection of the Saints for during the standing of this great house the vessels shall continue and there will be a continual use of them that though they serve their lusts yet by the use of their gifts the Lords ends are accomplished Phil. 1.18 Some preach Christ out of envy but yet Christ is preached and thereby the savour of the Gospel is spread abroad and souls are converted and edified for there is many a man that builds an Ark that saves others that never saves himself that preaches to others and is himself a cast-away there were many that converted others to the Faith in the times of Popery that yet departed themselves from that Faith when suffering came And I fear it will also be said of some Ministers now amongst us that seem great Zealots for the cause and ways of God that when the hour and power of darkness that is coming once again in this Nation shall over-spread it they will draw back from the plough to which they have before so many witnesses put their hand c. the love of many shall wax cold 3. All their services also for they have gifts for service and it is for the service of the house and they are therefore called servants and truly it 's an honour to be a servant to the Saints seeing the Angels are so and there is much benefit that the Saints have by it as we see in Saul the spirit of government was upon him and that service he did in it was for the Saints and Zac. 4.12 they are said to empty the golden oyl out of themselves c. but it is all for the good of the Candlestick it is that the light thereof may be maintained 1 Sometimes they protect as Badgers skins the Ark from storms that the Church is exposed to unregenerate men may be very serviceable to the Church of God as we see in Cyrus c. 2 Sometimes they may assist them in any work that they set upon they may stand by them and strengthen their hands as we see Joash the King did about the building and repairing the House of the Lord. 3 Sometimes they may supply them there is many a man that supplies the necessities of the Saints that doth it to be seen of men and have their reward for they are labourers in the Lords Vineyard and it is for the benefit of it that they are imployed and they have their penny and they may also bear much of the burden and heat of the day as it seems they that murmured did and they do commonly set a high price upon their own services and hereby the Saints do glorifie Christ who has given such gifts to men and when he hath given such to his enemies O what are those gifts that he hath reserved for his sons They see it is the great fruit of the Ascension of Christ and as from the seven Spirits that are before the Throne and they can bless God for his goodness to the children of men and though they pity such a soul to see him destroyed by his own gifts in his abusing of them non est calamitosior homo in terris quà m doctor superbus There is not a more piteous man in the world than a proud Doctor Luth. yet they glorifie Christ therein and see this as a fruit of his government that there may be those that shall build the Tabernacle of God as it is said of Bezaleel and Aholiab that they were gifted for the work c. 4. By their sins for 1 the Lord doth let them live for the Saints sake le ts both good and bad grow together to the harvest and he will weed them out for the Saints sake also for he will gather out of his Kingdom all that offends and whoever works iniquity and he will not have the society of the Saints always polluted by the chaff of the world for they are spots in their feasts and therefore he doth take them away as unfruitful fig-trees he cuts them down and gives them to salt to a perpetual barrenness for the grace and ordinances of the Gospel will heal even the dead sea Ezech. 47.11 12. therefore he casts them out in order to their destruction 2 The Lord will not have his people always deluded the Saints many times are mistaken in their opinion
the Lord shall so lead thee that thou shalt not dash thy foot against a stone tibi nocere non possunt sed coguntur inservire 2 Stones were for bounds and Land-marks and they shall not be removed but you shall continually enjoy the bounds of your own habitation they shall not be removed it shall be as sure as if you were in league with the Stones that they shall not depart from your bounds 3 Cocceius hath out of Vlpian a certain punishment 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 appellant whence they did use to heap stones upon a ground that it might never be plowed to hinder its fruitfulness Thus the sense is The Stones shall be at league with thee that none of them shall hinder the fruitfulness of thy land and make it lye barren and untilled as in judgment they might doe Now if there be a Covenant by God made with all these for his people then surely the Motions and the Actings of all these shall be for the good of his People But you will say In what particular do all these little things work for the good of the Saints It will clearly appear in these particulars 1. In the smallest things the people see God and their spirits are elevated and raised up to behold him in them for not only the Heavens declare the Glory of God Psal 19.1 but even the meanest Creatures in all their motions do it Repraesentat quaelibet herba Deum Now there is a threefold Vision of God in this World in his Works and in his Word and in his Son and it is of special use that the works of God are unto the Saints in all their being and motions that they can see something of God in them Our Communion with God depends upon our Vision of God and the more we see God in all things the more we converse with him Now there is not the least of all the Creation of God but it doth represent him to us and we look upon it as a footstep of God it is that which doth raise up our hearts unto Heaven while we are upon Earth and causeth us to look upon nothing small that hath so glorious a Creator and so wise a Disposer in minimis lauda magnum says Austin when he speaks de culice there is much of God to be seen and the heart is much to be over-aw'd not only in the lesser things of the Word but also of the Works of God 2. It is unto the people of God matter of praise even in the actings of the meanest of the creatures to see how they work unto an end that they know not but the wise disposer of them knows all their motions and directs them unto his end the out-goings of the morning and evening do praise thee that is objectivè and occasionaliter as they give unto his people matter and occasion of praise In the creation the Morning Stars did sing Job 38.7 and so they do in all the Executions of Providence also fitting them for this end and guiding them to this end c. Austin in Psal 148. blames those that dislike and find fault with the works of God In officina non audent vituperare fabrum tamen audent reprehendere in mundo Deum Perdidisti Hallelujah A man doth lose his praise and the matter and occasion of it which is unto a Saint a great loss for praise is his delight and he loves the occasion of it 3. There is great matter of Meditation even in these ordinary things such as do mightily affect the Souls of the Saints it was so to David Psal 148.7 8 9 10. Praise the Lord from the earth ye Dragons and all deeps fire and hail snow and vapours stormy wind fulfilling his Word mountains and all hills fruitful trees and all cedars Beasts and all cattel creeping things and flying fowls and how can this be Nudae creaturae Deum celebrant Moller dum ad mirandam ejus sapientiam potentiam quotidie ostendunt The dangers prevented and the good things conferred such as are secrets unto us and we know not we consider not of as Luther saith of himself in the like case Somnia nostra observat quando nescimus nos vivere c. equidem odi carnem meam quòd haec scio vera esse iis tamen non seriò afficior c. It gives the Soul high matter of Meditation puts it into the Mount with God 4. It is unto the People of God a great ground of exercising their Faith and that in two things 1 Upon the word of Promise that all these creatures are his by Covenant in all their motions and therefore he has not a common interest in them with the rest of the world but they come unto him from another hand and he receives them by another tenure Now any mercy that has the respect of the Covenant put upon it is infinitely heightned unto them the smallest mercy enjoy'd by Covenant is better than the greatest without the Covenant it is better be as low as Hell with a promise than in Paradise without it therefore it is true that other men walk upon the Stones and they hurt them not and the Beasts break not in upon them the Sun shines and the Rain falls upon them yet here is the sweetness to a Believer This I enjoy as a fruit of an everlasting Covenant as an heir of Promise and as a Pledge of an eternal Inheritance 2 It will be a ground to exercise a mans Faith for a support if the Lord cloath the grass of the field how much more will he cloath you and if he feeds the Ravens he will surely not starve his Children nay if the supply of all the Creatures will be a Provision for you you shall not want it they shall all act for you and if it were possible to put a Saint of God in this life in such a condition as he should want the supply of all the creatures at once they should surely all work for his good for the Lord provides them of purpose and for that very end that they may work for you and therefore are they continued in their being and to that end are govern'd by him 5. The Love of the People of God is drawn out by them exceedingly even by small Mercies for it is not the greatness of the Blessing but the abundance of Love discovered to the soul in it that takes a gracious heart for we love him because he loved us first And as his love is discovered such are the outgoings of our love to him again Now these small things may be magni amoris indicium an ordinary turn of the creature may testifie a great deal of love from God to the Soul as when Israel came out of Egypt Joh. 19.36 not a Dog did move his tongue Exod. 11.7 if they had the matter had not been great for in the night they use to bark but though there was a great cry amongst the Egyptians
he is strong not by his own power for the ten Kings give their kingdoms to him and he doth exercise the power of the former beast before him and it is said Dan. 8.25 He shall be broken without hands that is by the breath of the Lord and the brightness of his coming 2 Thess 2. by an immediate manifestation of God against him not by any power of second causes for the people of God may expect the same immediate workings of providence for them that they have had in times past Esa 10.26 He will stir up a scourge for them according to the slaughter of Midian and he shall lift it up after the manner of Egypt Now as for that of Egypt it was by an immediate appearance of God when there was no means used and so for that of Midian Judg. 7.19 20. they blew the Trumpets and they broke their pitchers and that was all that was done which was a means that of it self had no influence into the effect but the Lord set every mans sword against his fellow and such immediate discoveries and actings of providence the Lord doth promise unto his people and they may expect them from him in all their straits when the enemy comes in like a floud c. 5. They may expect immediate deliverances Laban came out against Jacob with an evil intention but he saith Gen. 31.29 It is in the power of my hand to do you hurt but the God of your fathers spoke to me yesternight saying Take thou heed that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad And so Balaam had a will to curse the people of God and he wanted no incouragement and solicitation from the King of Moab to do it and yet remember what Balack consulted and what Balaam answered And the instance of Abraham when his hand was up to flay his son and the Lord called to him out of Heaven Stay thy hand Mic. 6.5 and thereby it was a Proverb reserved in the Church of God ever since Jehovah jireh In the Mount will the Lord be seen that is when all means and hopes of preservation is past that they look upon themselves as to be sacrificed now they may expect an immediate appearance of God for them 6. For their immediate Support if the Lord call Moses to him into the Mount he shall there be mantain'd forty days and nights and neither eat bread nor drink water but his support shall come from an immediate hand and so it was with Christ also in his temptation by Satan when he had fasted so long when the Lord does deny his People the means he doth give them a support in himself that they shall have no want of the means as it is in a spiritual way so it is also very often in a providential way that when the Lord denyes the means he doth give unto his People a support in himself that so they may learn to trust unto him and to know that they have an interest not only in his mediate but in his immediate Providence and that the special Providence of God towards his people has both these parts in it to shew that though they see not Providence in the use of all the ordinary means yet that they tempt not God nor look for all things in a common way in the use of means that it may appear that they trust in God alone and can shut their eyes and say I know not how it will come in I see no means but there is a Providence that is above means with him the fatherlâ—ss find mercy So it is in all inward afflictions also and distresses of Conscience the Soul has many times nothing to look upon but an immediate and almighty hand all means fail they have gone from Ordinance to Ordinance and they have waited when a Messenger one of a thousand should be sent to them but there is none that can speak peace to them there is no fruit of the lips to refresh them and when the mans soul draws near to the Grave and his life to the destroyer then he doth immediately lift up the light of his countenance and thereby his soul is revived again and delivered from going down into the pit that as the Lord Jesus Christ when there was nothing of creature comforts to uphold him for they all forsook him and fled then the Promise of the Lord was made good Isa 42.6 Isa 42.6 I will hold thee by the hand and I will keep thee when all the creatures withdrew their succour not one of them did hold forth their hand to him now there was from the Father an immediate and a secret support so it is with the Saints also Psal 37.24 Though he fall he shall not be utterly cast away for the Lord upholds him with his hand but there is sometimes an immediate income that is known unto the Soul the Lord lifts up the light of his countenance in the darkest night when he sees nothing but Hell and Destruction before his Eyes which is called the hidden Manna Rev. 2.17 and the new Name and the white Stone Rev. 2.17 They had no Manna till they were in the Wilderness and all hope of support from creatures did fail now the Manna comes and such are the incomes of the Spirit into the Soul and a new Name and a white Stone when he comes to judgment upon himself and he is ready to pass an eternal sentence upon himself counts himself free amongst the dead like them that lye in the Grave whom thou remembrest no more never to have a good look from God now the Lord comes in with a sentence of absolution and gives a man a name that none knows but he that has it but then the Lord will make him to know it it is speaking peace from the Lords immediate voice as the Martyr when he came to the Stake and had no means of comfort in a Desertion before now he cryes out He is come he is come It is with many a Soul as with the woman that had the issue of blood twelve years and had waited upon the Physicians attended on the means which God had appointed and spent all her time and pains upon them and yet was not the better but rather the worse and she is reserved for an immediate cure by Christ and an immediate rouch from him shall do the work that as Bernard observes concerning the time when Christ came in the flesh which is in Scripture call'd the fulness of time Non apparebat Angelus non loquebatur Propheta cessabant velut desperatione victi tunc dixi ecce venio c. so it is with the coming of the Spirit also when all means have been used and all fail and the soul is ready to sink under the burden now the Spirit saith Lo I come the soul did before find that there were everlasting arms under it and that it did hang as the Earth upon nothing did not know how it was
yet it is upon the evil for the sake of the good for all the creatures in their service are subjected under hope to be delivered into the glorious liberty of the sons of God Rom. 8.20 therefore there is an earnest expectation and a groaning of them and it is in reference hereunto that they may serve the Saints for as the Angels being the servants of Christ do serve the Elect as his members so do all creatures as being subjected unto Christ and given into his hands serve the saintâ— as his members And though the Sun be in respect of the light a glorious Body yet it may be much of that glory by Sin and the Curse is obscured for surely the curse hath reach'd unto all the creatures that were for mans use and therefore it 's possible that place may have in some respect a literal sence Isa 30.26 The light of the Moon shall be as the light of the Sun and the light of the Sun sevenfold for there is a time of the restitution of all things which I cannot expound of the last day of Judgment Act. 3.21 for then there shall not be a Restitution of all things but an Annihilation of many things a New Heaven there shall be Isa 65.17 which I cannot understand to be spoken after the day of Judgement for vers 21. he speaks of building houses and inhabiting them and planting of Vineyards and eating the fruit of them therefore some renovation in quality and restitution of the ancient glory of Heaven and Earth is meant here and if that place Isa 11.6 the lyon and the lamb the leopard and the kid shall lye down together be not onely to be understood figuratively of men of such dispositions but also literally of the creatures themselves that the antipathy which came in by sin shall be destroyed as Lactant. saith Non bestiae sanguine alentur nec aves praedâ sed quieta placida erunt omnia we may expect also even for the Saints sake the glory of the Sun may be restored also in reference to the Light thereof as of the Earth in reference to the fruitfulness thereof And the influences of the Sun are as natural and necessary as the light thereof and yet there is a Providence that orders them for the good of the saints Psal 126.6 The Sun shall not smite thee by day nor the Moon by night there are noxious influences of these celestial bodies which are to be looked upon as a grievous stroak but the hurtfull influences of them the Lord will suspend and turn away and thou shalt find as Israel in the Wilderness that though thou encamp in the Field and hast only the Heavens for thy Canopy and covering yet the influences of them shall be sweet to thee and benigne vivificat prolificat such as shall be cheering and comforting for as it is in the Commands of God and Prohibitions when any sin is forbidden the contrary duty is commanded so when any evil is removed the contrary good is promised it shall not hurt thee but it shall help thee it shall not smite thee but it shall comfort and quicken and revive thee 2. The Stars they work as natural causes and therefore necessarily Amos 5.8 Amos 5.8 He maketh the seven Stars and Orion c. the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth not signifie barely facere or create but disponere dirigere not so much their creation as the providential disposition of them he doth order and draw forth their influences and trims up these Lamps of Heaven and he doth draw them forth or seal them up at his pleasure as Job 9.9 Job 38.31 it is not in the power of any creature to draw forth or to bind them up if the Lord loose them none can bind them they work naturally but so as they have their commission from the Lord for the good of his people all the Stars that thou seest if the Lord should take a man abroad and shew him how all of them have a commission of influence for him c. what a comfort would it be So Judges 5.20 they fight for the People of God Judg. 5.20 it was by their influences in raising winds and thunders and lightning thereby both discouraging and also scattering and destroying all the power of the enemy now these were natural causes and wrought necessarily but yet there is a Providence that doth rule and order them for the good of the Saints 3. The Rain it doth proceed from a natural cause and therefore comes necessarily upon the Earth and yet Job 38.28 The rain hath a father and he has begotten the drops of the dew and Hos 2.21 22. The Heaven shall hear the Earth c. they are all brought in crying and praying for a Covenant people and the Lord will hear their prayers the Heavens they cry unto God that their influences are withheld and the Earth cryes to the Heavens that it cannot for want thereof give forth its strength and fruitfulness but the Lord doth give this unto his people opens the windows of Heaven he rains down a blessing Mal. 3.10 for the clouds do drop fatness so that there is a providence that orders these necessary things for the good of his people and he stays the rain in answer to prayer for they have power over rain Rev. 11.6 and also that it shall be a Teacher of Righteousness Joel 2.23 by the withdrawing they shall learn righteousness and by the giving of it also in the season thereof 4. The Earth brings forth naturally and necessarily also and this â—â—â—r Lord doth suspend not that there is not the same strength in the earth only in judgment he turns it into barrenness that is it gives not forth its strength but in the new Heaven it shall not be so Esa 65.22 23. the earth shall hear Jezreel They shall plant vineyards and shall eat the fruit of them they shall no more labour in vain the earth shall open her bosom and gloriously yield her increase when God even our own God shall bless us the treasures of Heaven shall not be withheld nor the treasures that are in the bowels of the Earth but there shall be gold for silver and brass Esa 60.17 and for iron silver and for wood brass and iron for stones there shall be that plenty and abundance of those chosen treasures which are yet hid in the earth but shall then be discovered 5. The Seas they have naturally an unquiet motion but the Lord doth order their motions for the good of his people they now are out of their proper place and therefore they are in their motions restless but the Lord rides upon the high places of the earth and he treads upon the high places of the Sea Job 9.8 though for the Sea to be a wall be far above the nature of it yet it was agreeable to the nature of it to return again into its chanel upon the
of our proneness to all sorts and all ways of sin that as patience so repentance may have its perfect work for as to humble the soul sin is left in it so also the breaking forth of sin into act discovers our natural weakness and is in wisdom permitted because the Lord will have his people to perfect their repentance as well as their faith while they do live here 6 That the soul may be willing to put off the body as it is an instrument and a servant to the soul in sinning I am shortly saith the soul to put off this tabernacle and I am the more willing to do it because my members are weapons of unrighteousness I shall then never sin more no more be subject unto the bondage of corruption to serve the lusts of men it shall be the glory of the body to serve the graces but never the lusts of the soul any more but perfect sanctification shall be in it 4. The Soveraignty of God is seen in the breaking forth of scandalous sins there are but two sorts of sins that godly men are freed from the sin against the Holy Ghost and final impenitency because they are delivered from the wrath to come and being in Christ Jesus there is no condemnation unto them Rom. 8.1 but else there is no sin either in judgment or practice from the danger of which they can assure their hearts be it never so foul never so hateful before God or man and therefore when we look upon the naufragia shipwracks of the Saints who can if God should withdraw his suitable assistance secure themselves or promise unto themselves freedom If we consider the idolatry of Solomon and that as gross as any that we shall read of 1 King 11.4 8. and the persecution of Asa 2 Chron. 16.10 and the Apostasie in Peter and that the grossest with a denial nay an abjuration Mar. 14.71 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which some do expound to abjure Christ Mar. 14.71 and to wish unto him a curse but most do say it was wishing a curse and an Anathema upon himself Grotius makes it the same with that Act. 23.14 They bound themselves with a curse diris se obligavit c. of whom Bernard saith Peccavit grande peccatum fortassis quo grandius nullum est c. Now seeing that there is in them a sea of corruption a body of death it is only an act of the Soveraignty of God that restrains the winds that they blow not upon this sea Rev. 7.1 There are Angels that hold the winds of commotions that they break not forth and Jer. 49.36 Dan. 7.2 3. that they shall break forth in their season so he doth also hold the winds of temptation that they do not blow upon the sea of corruption and by this means the mire and dirt is not discovered but let but the wind blow upon it and it is full of unquietness and rage immediately 2 Sam. 12.4 there came a way-faring man unto the rich man concupiscentiam viatorem vocat aut peregrinum Pet. Martyr 1 It is not a friend or a servant it is not one that is ordinarily accustomed to the house there are some sins that are daily in a man constant inmates but there are great sins that da rise in a man but now and then 2 Lusts are travellers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the heart of man doth coast and wander all the world over to see what will become of it and where it may be able to make advantage unto it self 3 It comes upon a man suddenly and unexpectedly as a stranger or as a traveller useth to do 4 Yet when it comes it looks for entertainment and it doth so ordinarily find it the man will make provision for it Now this traveller goes not where or when he pleases but according to the Soveraignty of God in the ordering the going forth of the lusts of men it is a messenger of Satan there is a time appointed for the opening of Hell for the sending forth the messenger of Satan upon the soul the letting forth of the smoke Rev. 9.1 The Lord doth in his Providence turn this unto good 1 Unto a new conversion Luk. Luk. 22.32 22.32 Christ said to Peter after his first conversion when he foretels him of his scandalous fall When thou art converted strengthen thy brethren there is a double conversion 1. From a state of sin Acts 3.19 2. From some particular gross acts of sin because that doth make a breach upon a mans justification 1 A damp upon grace which there is upon the committing of such sins Create in me says David a clean heart and renew a right spirit in me 2 There is a suspension of all the comforts of grace he is as the leper and he doth as Zanchy saith quodammodo excidere à gratia he hath no comforts in the promises and the priviledges of the Saints 3 There is a change of all the dealings of God with him Esa 63.10 he became their enemy and fought against them by spiritual judgments upon them vers 17. he shall have broken bones and his moisture shall be dryed up Gods wrath shall fall upon him for there is a temporal wrath there is filius sub ira c. Now here seems to be a particular Conversion by laying of all anew in the Soul as if nothing were true before he must repent anew and believe anew that as Zach. 1.17 the Lord 's returning unto a people after eminent displeasure is called a new Election so also this is a new Conversion 2 Hereby the Soul hath experience in himself of the strength of Sin the power of Temptation and of Christs Intercession 1 He has experience of the Strength of sin for sin is but too powerfull in the best Gen. 49.6 7. it is said of the Sons of Israel Simeon and Levi Cursed be their anger for it was fierce and their wrath for it was cruel and David put the Ammonites under Saws and Harrowes and Jonah 4.9 he justifies himself against the debates of God with him and saith that he doth well to be angry unto the death 2 The Soul experiences the power of Temptation what there is in the winnowings of Satan if the Lord should leave a man to the power which he hath already received he would soon work all good out of his soul for Satan is the ruler of the Darkness of this world Ephes 6.12 and he hath not only a great power over wicked men as Darkness it self for they are led captive at his will and he doth work effectually in them but even upon the darkness that is in the Saints also he can stirr up that darkness in them that it shall endanger to over-spread all that there shall seem little difference between them and ungodly men for the time that it doth prevail upon them 3 The Soul experiences the power of the Prayer of Christ Luk. 22.32 I have prayed for thee that thy Faith fail
not how comes it to pass that it doth not excutere It is not so much from a Principle of Grace within for that is in its own nature defective but by vertue of the Covenant and the Prayer of Christ without and it is this Prayer that doth uphold all the Grace that is in us or else it would 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 deficere c. This Intercession doth not only present their Duties but it preserves their Graces also the one would be rejected and the other extinguished were it not for this The Saints have a double Advocate as the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies the Spirit of Prayer as an Advocate within us which as a witness doth many times fail us and we by our own sins lose the benefit and the comfort of it but then we are to have recourse unto the Advocate without us as the Soul is sometimes to make use of the witness of Blood when he cannot see the witness of Water 3 It brings a man unto the great duty of Confession to become publick examples of Repentance which hath been a great honour unto the Saints who have risen out of their falls and we cannot say that the records of their falls have been so dishonourable unto them as their publick Repentance and abasement before God has been honourable with this the Lord honour'd David and his Repentance stands upon Record Psal 51. and with this also he honour'd Solomon which is Recorded in the Book of Ecclesiastes which is therefore entituled Coheleth which Cocceius observes to note receptionem suam ad ecclesiam per poenitentiam his reception into the Church by Repentance and is as much as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a man gathered unto the Congregation of the Lord and so did Paul Act. 22.4 I persecuted this way and I was mad against them and so doth Luther he left it upon record tantus eram sanctus ut paratissimus fueram unumquemque occidere c. and this Tertull. de poeniten chap. 9. observes to be in use in his time .......... Presbyteris advolvi charis Dei adgeniculari as the example of Eccetalicus c. Thus as they were eminent examples in sinning so they were desirous to be of Repentance 4 Hereby they are no more confident of their own strength and so exalt not themselves above their Brethren so Christ ask'd Peter Now lovest thou me more than these Joh. 21.15 he was before for making comparisons with all other men though all men should forsake thee yet not I but now here is no Comparison and if there be any strength in that Christ ask'd by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and he answers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is a less degree of Love it was good advice to him But he said well Hîc quaerendae non sunt subtilitates the words are commonly in the Gospel promiscuously used and it is a signal instance of Gods power to bring good out of evil when a man by reflecting upon some great sin that he hath committed can say that his carnal confidence in himself and his own strength is healed thereby 5 This makes a Saint to walk in fear ever after and blessed is the man that fears always a fearless spirit doth bring sin 1 A godly man fears sin as the only Evil fears an Oath and he doth say with Chrysostome 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 this only is matter of fear but specially when he has had experience of the breaking forth of it eminently a man fears a disease that he hath felt and so David will not trust his tongue without a bridle and his Eyes without a Prayer turn away my Eyes from beholding vanity and thereby the bank is made up against that sin all their dayes and it may be a sin that a man feared least shall get the greatest hand upon him if temptation get the wind and the hill of him 2 He fears lest the Lord may therefore leave a note of dishonour upon him Revel 7.6 7. when the Tribes were sealed Dan was left out Rev. 7.6 7. and so is Ephraim tanquam 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 antesignani Mic. 1.13 this Tribe was the beginning of the sin to the daughter of Sion they of Dan did it for the transgressions of Israel were found in thee it was a scandalous sin the Lord may leave a note of sin upon a man and his posterity afterwards for it and he may not be honoured as the rest of his Brethren but may have a brand stick upon him for committing folly in Israel c. 6 That a man may be fitted for service by it Luk. 22.32 Christ says when thou art converted strengthen thy brethren a mans own comfort doth fit a man to comfort others 2 Pet. 2.2 and so do a mans own falls also 2 Cor. 1.4 who comforts us in all our tribulation that we may be able to comfort them which are in any trouble 1 By the Experience of the power of sin he may be the better able to admonish others 2 Pet. 2.2 they denyed the Lord that bought them and he can best speak of the danger of such a way himself that hath found it and had experience of it in himself Austin having been himself a Manichee when he disputed with Felix the great Manichee he could shew him the vanity of it by experience and so frustrata vanitate errore illius sectae ad nostram fidem conversus est c. Possidon in vita August 2 He will be able to comfort others against the guilt of that sin having himself sound favour he can shew others the way unto it and so could Peter having found mercy himself and David for this shall every one that is godly pray unto thee and so Luther did publish unto all the way of Mercy that God had vouchsafed him that all men might see that mercy is to be had for them Peter velocissimè veniam consecutus c. Bern. 7 That it may be unto a man matter of Humiliation all his days sins before Conversion be grievous as they were to Paul I was a Persecutor and a Blasphemer 1 Tim. 1.13 and such were some of you but now you are washed A man should not so look upon what he is but he should also look back what he was Behold thou art made whole remember that thou wast a sick man and the keeping it in view will be usefull unto a man all his dayes to make him exalt mercy and to cause him to abhor himself So Austin after he had made his Confession he saith Spes mihi valida est in illo qui sedet ad dextram tuam interpellat pro nobis alioquin desperarem magni enim multi sunt languores animae meae magni multi sed major est medicina tua amplior And so a man doth exalt Grace and by this means abase himself all his days Oh I was a Blasphemer I was an Adulterer a Persecutor and yet I have obtained