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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66701	The new help to discourse or, Wit, mirth, and jollity. intermixt with more serious matters consisting of pleasant astrological, astronomical, philosophical, grammatical, physical, chyrurgical, historical, moral, and poetical questions and answers. As also histories, poems, songs, epitaphs, epigrams, anagrams, acrosticks, riddles, jests, poesies, complements, &c. With several other varieties intermixt; together with The countrey-man's guide; containing directions for the true knowledge of several matters concerning astronomy and husbandry, in a more plain and easie method than any yet extant. By W. W. gent.	Winstanley, William, 1628?-1698.; Winstanley, William, 1628?-1698. Country-man's guide. aut.	1680 (1680)	Wing W3070; ESTC R222284	116,837	246

THE NEW HELP TO DISCOURSE OR WIT MIRTH and JOLLITY intermixt with more serious Matters Consisting of pleasant Astrological Astronomical Philosophical Grammatical Physical Chyrurgical Historical Moral and Poetical Questions and Answers AS ALSO Histories Poems Songs Epitaphs Epigrams Anagrams Acrosticks Riddles Jests Poesies Complements c. With several other Varieties intermixt Together with The Countrey Man's Guide CONTAINING Directions for the true knowledge of several Matters concerning Astronomy and Husbandry in a more plain and easie Method than any yet extant By W. W. Gent. The Second Edition That Author best of all doth write Who mixeth Profit with Delight London Printed by T. S. and sold by the Book-sellers of London and Westminster 1680. THE NEVV HELP TO DISCOURSE Quest WHat is the chief end of writing Books Answ For instruction and information whereas idle Books are no other than corrupted Tales in Ink and Paper or indeed Vice sent abroad with a License wherein two are guilty of evil he that writes them and he that reads them being in effect like the brutish sin of Adultery wherein two are concerned in the same sin and therefore his resolution was good who said That for bad Books he would write none lest he should thereby hurt others in the reading of them nor would he read any of them for fear the Author should answer for his sin by being corrupted by them Quest What Book of all others is the best Answ The Holy Scriptures contained in 〈◊〉 Old and New Testament wherein the Mysteries of our Salvation are contained being the Book of all books and in compa●●●on of which no book is comparable Qu. Of how many chapters doth this Book consist An. In the Old Testament or Bible there are 777. In the new Testament 260. In the Books of Apocrypha 173. The total being 1210. And for the number of Verses in the Old Testament the Jewish Rabbins have computed them thus In the Books of the Law Verses 5845. In the Prophets 9294. and in Haggai 8064. Total 23203. Q. Are there no other Books mentioned in the Old Testament but those which we have now at this day A. Yes there were the Books of Iddo and Gad the Seers besides Solomon wrote three thousand Parables and five thousand Songs with a Book of the Nature of all Herbs Trees and Plants from the Cedar to the Hysop upon the wall Samuel also writ a Book of the Office and Institution of a King There were also Chronicles of the Kings of Judah and Israel besides those we have in the Scripture being as is judged written far larger all which Were supposed to be lost in the Jewish Captivity at Babylon Q. What was St. Augustine 's answer to one who demanded what God did before he made the World A. That he was ordaining a Hell for such kind of Enquirers Where the Scripture hath not a mouth to speak we ought no● to have a tongue to ask Q. What was the greatest love that ever w● shown in this World A. The love of God to poor sinners wh● gave his only begotten Son to dye for us of which one thus writeth God is my gift himself he freely gave me Gods gift am I and none but God shall have me Q. In what things had woman the Preheminence of man in the Creation A. In these three First that whereas man ' was made of the dust or slime of the earth woman was made of that dust or slime refined Secondly man was made out of Paradise woman in Paradise And thirdly when God is said to be about to make woman he is said to build her as being about to make a curious Edifice or more excellent structure than that of man Q. What Book next to the Holy Scripture would you chiefly desire the rest being taken away A. Theodore Beza being asked this question answered Plutarch an excellent Author for his Lives and Morals Another said Seneca whose divine Sentences in his Book are so squared by the Rules of Christianity that St. Hierom concluded him amongst the Catalogue of Divine Writers Another preferred the Thesaurus Historiarum being a Compendium of most Histories and worthy Examples And that Ornament of History Dr. Heylin gives the preheminency to Sir Walter Rawleigh's History of the World which he calls Primus in Historia Q. St. Bernard a learned Father of the Church greatly wondred at three Conjunctions the like whereof never was nor never will be and what were they A. 1. Conjunction of God and man 2. Of a Mother and a Virgin 3. Of Faith and the heart of man to believe the same The first whereof is most wonderful that the Deity should be joyned to the Humanity Heaven to Earth Majesty to Infirmity The second also very wonderful that a Maid should be a Mother and yet remain a pure Virgin The third though inferior to the two first yet wonderful that a mans heart should have power to believe the same Reason doth marvel how Faith tell can That a Maid should be a Mother God a man But cease so to marvel and believe the wonder For Faith is above and Reason is under Q. How long according to the opinion of some men shall the world continue from the Creation to the end thereof A. The Thalmudists were of opinion that it should continue six thousand years of which opinion also were some of the fathers and others of our Modern Writers because that as God created the World in six days and rested the seventh so in six thousand years which are in account of God but as six daies it shall again be annihilated when shall follow an eternal Sabbath of rest to all the Faithful Others reckon it after this manner two thousand years before the Law two thousand years under the Law and two thousand years under the Gospel But this account agreeth not right with the Calendar of Time and therefore we may conclude that those who account not right the years which are past must needs be ignorant of those which are to come Besides our Saviour saith that of that day and hour the very Angels in Heaven themselves are ignorant Let us therefore rather labour to prepare our selves against that day than curiously seek to pry into such hidden and unrevealed things Q. In what part of the world was it where the Cock crowed so loud that all the men of the world heard it A. In Noah's Ark. Q. What is the Anagram for the name of the Virgin Mary A. MARY Anagramma ARMY And well her Name an Army doth present In whom the Lord of Hosts did pitch his tent Q. What answer gave Queen Elizabeth when being a prisoner in the Reign of her Sister Queen Mary she was by one of the Bishops demanded her opinion concerning the real presence of Christ in the Sacrament A. Christ is the Word that spake it He took the Bread and brake it And as the Word did make it I do believe and take it Q. Who are those that cannot will not

animalia plebis Inveniunt For when the seven mouth'd Nile the Fields forsake And to his ancient Channel him betakes The tillers of the ground live Creatures find Of sundry shapes i' th mud that 's left behind This River is in length almost 3000. miles being the only River of Egypt and is for its varieties sufficiently famous all the World over Of the fortunate Islands The Air of those Islands is reported to be of that singular temperature and the Earth of that fruitfulness that the Husbandmen have their Harvest in March and April Here all good things do abound useful or delightful for the life of man plenty of Fruits store of Grapes the Woods and Hedges bringing forth excellent Apples of their own accord The grass being mowed down in five days space will grow up to the length of a Cubit the ground is so fertile At Christmas they have Summer and all fruits ripe The Earth yields her fruit five or six times a year the Mountains are always beautified with variety of Flowers the Trees and Hedges-rows evermore green Dame Flora hath here her continual habitation and Ceres therein a continual Mansion In their sowing every two grains bringing forth a thousand Qu. How many Kings did formerly 〈◊〉 in these Countrys whereof our now 〈…〉 Soveraign King Charles the second is the most absolute Monarch An. In England it self were seven during the time of the Saxon Heptarchy which were 1. The Kingdom of Kent containing Kent only begun by Hengist the Saxon Captain and ending in Baldred having a succession of eighteen Kings and the continuance of two hundred forty and two years Queens County Weishford and Dublin Scotland had formerly two Kings whereof one was of the Scots the other of the Picts Besides these there was a King of the Isles of Scotland and one of the Isle of Man and Henry the sixth created Henry Beauchamp Earl of Warwick King of the Isle of Wight so that reckoning seven Kings in England three in Wales five in Ireland two in Scotland and three in the other Islands and you will find the whole number to amount to twenty Kingdoms A Discourse of Wonders Foreign and Domestick And first of Foreign AN Artizan in the Town of Norenburg in Germany made a wooden Eagle which when the Emperor Maximilian was coming thither flew a quarter of a mile out of the Town to meet him and being come to the place where he was turned back of its own accord and accompanied him home to his lodging 2. There is a Lake about Armach in Ireland into which if one thrust a piece of wood he shall find that part which remaineth in the mud converted to Iron and that which continueth in the water turned to a Wherstone 3. The Hill Aetna in Sicily which continually vomiteth forth flames of Fire to the astonishment of all beholders The reason of these flames as is conjectured is the abundance of Silver and Brimstone contained in the bosom of this Hill which is blown by the wind driving in at the chaps of the Earth as by a pair of bellows through which chinks also there is continually more fuel added to the fire the very water administring an operative vertue to the combustible matter as we see that water cast on coals in the Smiths Forge doth make them burn more ardently The reason of this flame is thus rendred by the witty Ovid in his Metamorphosis I st ● bitumine● rap●un●t incendi●● vices Luteaque exiguis ard●scunt Sulphura slammis Atque ubi terra cibos alimentaque debita slamma Non dabit absumptis per longum viribus annum Naturaeque su●m nutrim●ntum decrit edaci Non f●cit Aetna famem desertaque deseret ignis A rozen mould these siery flames begin And clayje Brinstone aids the sire within Yet when the slymie soylconsumed shall Yield no more food to feed the sire withal And Nature shall restrain her nourishment The flame shall cease hating all famishment 4. A Lake in Aethiopia superior of which whosoever drinketh either falleth immediately mad or is for a long time troubled with a drowsiness of which the aforesaid Ovid thus reciteth Aethiopesque Lacus quos siquis faucibus hausit Aut fu●i● aut patitar mirum gravetate soporem Who doth not know the Aethiopian Lake Whose waters he that drinks his thirst to slake Either groweth mad or doth his soul oppress With an unheard of drowsiness 5 The three wonders of which Spain boasteth of viz. 1. A Bridge over which the water flows that is used to run under all other Bridges 2. A City compassed with fire which is called Madrid by reason of the Wall that is all of Flints environ it round about 3. Another Bridge on which continually feed ten thousand Cattel the River Guadiana which hath his head in the Mountain Seira Molina afterwards runneth under ground the space of fifteen miles the like doth the River Lycus in Anatolia according to Ovid. Sic ubi terreno Lycus est epotus hiatu Exsilicit procul hinc alioque renascitur ore So Lycus swallowed by the gaping ground At a new mouth far off is rising found 6. The Tomb of Mansolus built by his Wife Artunesia Queen of Halicarnassus accounted one of the worlds seven wonders it being five and twenty Cubits high and supported by six and thirty curious Pillars of which thus writeth the witty Poet Martial Aere nam vacuo pendentia Mansolaea Laudibus immodicis Caris ad astra ferunt The Mansolaea hanging in the Sky The men of Caria's praises Deify 7. The Temple of Diana at Ephesus accounted also one of the worlds seven wonders It was two hundred years in building being four hundred twenty five foot long and two hundred twenty broad sustained with a hundred twenty seven Pillars of Marble seventy foot high whereof twenty seven were most curiously graven and all the rest of Marble polisht It was fired seven times and lastly by Herostratus the same night in which Alexander the great was born which made the Poets say that Diana who was the Goddess of Midwifery was so busie at the birth of that great Potentate that she had no time to defend her own Temple 8. The Pyramis of Aegypt reckoned also for one of the worlds seven wonders which have out-lived devouring time They were built nigh to the City of Memphis whereof two are most famous The first and greatest was built by Cleops a King of that Country who in the work employed a hundred thousand men the space of twenty years The Basis of which Pyramis contained in circuit sixty Acres of ground and was in height a thousand foot being made all of Marble This work was begun of such a prodigious vastness that King Cleops wanted money to finish the same whereupon as Herodotus writeth he prostituted his Daughter to all commers by which dishonest means he perfected his building and she besides the money due to her father exacted of every man that had the use of her body one stone

man Or thus Well was thy Anagram Loyal in Hart Who from thy Loyalty did never start Anagram LOSTE STOLE Exposition This Anagram mysterious sence may boast For what is stole is found in what was lost Anagram JAYLER A RAYLE Exposition This doth befit the Jaylor wondrous trim He at the Prisoners Rails and they at him FANCIES A Fancy upon words HE that 's devoted to the GLASS The Dice or a Lascivious LASS At his own price is made an ASS. He that is greedy of the GRAPE On reason doth commit a RAPE And changeth habit with an APE The Lover whose devotion FLIES Up to the Sphere where bounty LIES Makes Burning-glasses of his EYES If long he to that Idol PRAY His sight by Loves inflaming RAY Is lost for ever and for AY He that loves Glass without a G Leave out L and that is he EVANK is a word of fame Spell it backward it is your name These Lines may be read backwards or forwards being both ways alike Deer Madam Reed Deem if I meed Another to the same effect Lewd did I live and Evil did I dwel Thoughts   valued     c   may B. Searching   Love   ICVB 2 yy for me Qu   a   d   tr   fu   stra     os   nguis   irus   isti de   nere   vit H   Sa   m   Chr   vul   la.   Quos anguis dirus tristi de funere stravit Hos Sanguis mirus Christi de vulnere lavit The Countrey-Mans Guide OR AN APPENDIX For the Use Of the Country-man Containing divers necessary and useful Rules and Instructions of the Year Moneths and Days With other things of delight and profit Being brief Explanations of many things which to an intelligible Reader may seem ambiguous Calculated by Art for the Benefit of all those which desire to understand what they buy or read London Printed in the Year 1680. The Country-Mans Guide Of a Year what it is with the difference betwixt the English and Gregorian Account A Year is that space of time wherein the Sun runs his perambulation through the twelve Signs of the Zodiack containing 12 Solar moneths 13 Lunar 52 weeks 365 days 6 hours and 6 minutes which 6 hours in four years space being added together make one day which we commonly call Bissextile or Leap-year and is added to the Kalendar on the 25 of February making that moneth every fourth year 29 days long which at other times is but 28. This account was thus named by Julius Caesar the first Roman Emperor who reduced the year to a better method than before and from him it was called the Julian Account yet still the six minutes remained un-numbred which in tract of time arose to some dayes and therefore Gregory Pope of Rome to make the year exactly answerable to the Suns diurnal course casting up the days which those minutes amounted unto placed his Festivals exactly answerable to the Suns progress which in sixteen hundred years hath amounted to ten days and is from him called the Gregorian Account being used in all those parts beyond Sea which acknowledge the Popes Supremacy Qu. From whence do the twelve Moneths derive their Names An. January is so called from Janus who was pictured with two faces signifying the beginning or entrance of the year February took its name from Febura March from Mars the God of War April signifieth the growth or springing of the year May is the Majors and June the Juniors season July was so called from Julius Caesar August from Augustus the second Roman Emperor September signifieth the seventh moneth for the Romans before the time of Julius Coesar reckoned their moneths from March so October signifieth the eighth November the ninth and December the tenth which if you reckon from January the account will be otherwise Qu. How many days is in each moneth An. Thirty days hath September April June and November All the rest hath thirty and one Except it be February alone But every Leap year at that time February hath twenty nine Of the day with several divisions thereof An Artificial day consists of 12 hours a Natural Day 24 hours The Athenians began their Day from Sun-set but the Jews Chaldeans and Babylonians from Sun-rise The Egyptians and Romans from midnight of whom we took pattern to count the hours from thence the Umbrians from noon The parts of a politick or civil day according to Macrobius are these The first time of the day is after midnight the second in Latine Gallicinium Cocks crow the third Canticinium the space between the first Cock and Break of day the fourth Diluculum the break or dawn of the day the fifth Mane the morning the sixth Meridies noon or Mid-day the seventh Pomeridies the afternoon the eighth Serum diei Sun-set the ninth Suprema tempestas twi-light tenth Vesper the Evening the eleventh Prima Lux Candle time the twelfth Nox concubia bed-time the thirteenth Nox intempesta the dead time of the night The Jews did divide their Artificial day into four Quarters allowing to every Quarter three hours accounting the first hour of the first Quarter at the Rising of the Sun and the third hour of the second Quarter they called the third hour and the third hour of the second Quarter they called the sixth hour which was mid-day The third hour of the third Quarter the ninth hour and the second hour of the fourth Quarter the eleventh hour and the twelfth and last hour of the day they call Even-tide The day is accounted with us for the payments of money between Sun and Sun but for Indictments of murther the day is accounted from midnight to midnight and so likewise are fasting days The Principal Feasts and Holy-days in the whole year expounded SInce more buy Almanacks than understand them and are ignorant of our Festival days for their better understanding I shall briefly yet plainly anatomize and declare the meaning of them Sunday or our Lords day dies Diminicus is a day dedicated by the Apostles to the more particular service and honour of Almighty God and transfer'd from the Jewish Sabbath to the day following in memory that Christ our Lord rose from the dead and sent down the Holy Ghost on that day whence it is called our Lords Day and Sunday from the old Heathen denomination of dies Solis the day of the Sun to which it was sacred though others think it took its name from the Son of God his rising from the Grave that day to which thus alluded Mr. Owen in his Epigrams Sunday I 'le call that day spight of precise On which the glorious Son of God did rise 1. Jan. The Circumcision of our Lord vulgarly called Newyears-day was instituted in memory of the Circumcision of our Lord on the eighth day from his Nativity according to the prescript of the old Law Gen 17. 12 when he was named Jesus as the Angel hath foretold Luk. 1. 14.

permanent His handy work doth tell Day unto day doth teach And of the Lord do preach His wondrous works relating Night unto night doth show That every one might know His wisdom them creating There is no speech nor Land But this doth understand Though it far distant lyes Yet doth it heart the noise Acknowledging the voice And Language of the Skyes c. Qu. At what time of the year according to the opinion of many men was the world created An. That the world began in Autumn is of late the opinion of many both Divines and Chronologers And yet of old the ancient Fathers Eusebius Basil Athanasius Ambrose Cyril of Jerusalem Augustine Nazianzen Damascen Bede Psidore c. were persuaded otherwise Yea in a Synod holden in Palestine by Theophilus Bishop of Caesarea it was agreed that the World was made in the Spring Nor is that but a great question betwixt two furious Rabbins for though the Rabbins for the most part be for Autumn yet R. Josua maintains the contrary against Eleazer another great Rabbi who contends for Autumn True it is that the year of Jubilee began alwayes at Autumn howbeit the first month of the year was to be reckoned from the Spring which is as Moses saith to the Israelites Ezod 12. 2. This shall be to you the beginning of Months as if he had said though whilst you were in Aegypt you followed another reckoning yet it was divers from that which ye had at the first for this is to you the beginning of months or the natural head of the year Nor did the Chaldeans with whom Abrabam lived a long time reckon otherwise And successively since Astrologers have accounted the revolutions of the world from the vernal Equinox at the Suns entrance into the first scruple of Aries Translated out of Manilius Lib. 4. ALl Animals that be do groveling lye Or in the Earth the Water or the Sky One rest one sence one belly like in all Which they communicate in general But man consists of soul and body linkt Of Councils capable of voice distinct He into natural causes doth inspect And knows what to devise how to direct Into the world he Arts and science brings And searcheth out the hidden birth of things The unplow'd earth he to his will subdues And all it brings forth he knows how to use The untam'd Beasts he doth at pleasure bind He in the Seas untroden paths doth find He only stands with an erected brest As the sole Victor over all the rest His Star-like eyes into the Stars inquire The Heavens themselves he scales if he desire He seeks out Jove his thoughts will not be ty'd The Stars from him in vain themselves do hide He not content to look them in the faces Ransacks their Houses there most secret places This is the scope of mans all prying mind Himself he hopes amongst the Stars to find Of the unfortunate and fatal Days in the Year THe ancient Astronomers have observ'd certain days in every month to be held very fatal and unfortunate in which they accounted it ominous to begin or undertake any matter which days be as follow January the 1 2 4 5 10 15 17 and 19 February the 8 10 and 17. March the 15 16 and 19. April the 16 and 21. May the 7 11 and 20. June the 4 and 7. July the 15 and 20. August the 19 and 20. September the 6 and 7. October the 5. November the 15 and 19. December the 6 7 and 9. Also they will have in every change of the Moon two unfortunate days in which they advise no man to begin any work or undertake any journey because it shall come to no good end Which days be these In Jan. the 3 and 4 days of the new Moon In February 5 and 7 In March 6 and 7. In April 5 and 8. In May 8 and 9. In June 5 and 15. In July 3 and 13. In August 8 and 13. In September 8 and 13. In October 5 and 12. In November 5 and 9. In December 3 and 13. Others there be which note out of the whole year six most unfortunate days above all other wherein they advise no man to bleed or take any drink because the effects of the Constellation work mightily to death and in other respects they be right unfortunate which days be these January the 3. April the 30. July the 1. August the 1. October the 2. December the 30. Others again there be which observe three dangerous Mundays to begin any business fall sick or undertake any journey viz. First Munday in April on which day Cain was born and his Brother 6 bel slain Second Munday in August on which day Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed 31 of December on which day Jadas was born that betrayed Christ Likewise throughout England the 28 of December being Innocents day is called Childermas or Cros●-day and is so accounted every week Moreover there be certain unfortunate and bad days in the year called Dog-Days which be very prejudicial to mans health they begin the 19 day of July and end the 27 of August the malignity of which days Pliny reporteth Lib Chap 40. of his Natural History Exact rules to find out the beginning and ending of the Terms with the number of their Returns HIllary Term begins always the 23 of January and ends February the 12 and hath four Returns Easter Term begins always on the Wednesday fortnight after Easter ends the Munday after Ascension day and hath five Returns Trinity Term begins always the Fryday after Trinity and ends the Wednesday fortnight after and hath four Returns Michaelmas Term begins October the 23. and ends November the 21. and hath six Returns Note that the Exchequer opens 8 days before any Term begins except Trinity Term before which it opens only 4 days Of Weights and Measures commonly used in England THe most common Weight used in England are Troy and Avoirdupois by the first is weighed Wheat Bread Gold Silver c. which Troy-weight contains in every pound twelve ounces every ounce twenty penny weight and every penny weight twenty four grains whereby a mark weight ariseth just to eighty ounces By the second and more common weight of Avoirdupois is weighed all kind of Grocery ware Physical drugs and gross wares as Rosin Pitch Hemp c. and all Iron Copper Tin or other metals this weight hath sixteen ounces to the pound and is divided into grains scruples drams and ounces so that one pound Avoirdupois contains 16 ounces 128 drams 384 scruples and 7680 grains How Ale and Beer it measured These two sorts of Liquors are measured by pints quarts pottles gallons firkins kilderkins and barrels so that a barrel of Beer contains two kilderkins four Firkins thirty six gallons seventy two pottles 144 quarts and 282 pints A Barrel of Ale is two kilderkins four firkins thirty two gallons sixty four pottles 128 quarts and 256 pints so then the Barrel of Ale is less than the Barrel of Beer