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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47555	The Turkish history from the original of that nation, to the growth of the Ottoman empire with the lives and conquests of their princes and emperours / by Richard Knolles ... ; with a continuation to this present year MDCLXXXVII ; whereunto is added, The present state of the Ottoman empire, by Sir Paul Rycaut ...	Knolles, Richard, 1550?-1610.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. Present state of the Ottoman Empire.; Grimeston, Edward.; Roe, Thomas, Sir, 1581?-1644.; Manley, Roger, Sir, 1626?-1688.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. History of the Turkish empire.	1687 (1687)	Wing K702; Wing R2407; Wing R2408; ESTC R3442	4,550,109	2,142

they might come nearer unto them Wherefore as soon as the Sun was up the Spaniards by the perswasion of Alva●es Sandes Master of the Camp valiantly climbing up the high Mountains repulsed and put to flight the Numidians and took the top of the Hills and there lay as it were encamped in the poor Shepherds Cottages But the same day such a multitude of the wild People was flockt about them that they were compassed in round and glad to fight on every side in a Ring Yet this fierceness of this barbarous People was by the Valour of the Sicilian Companies quickly repressed whose Pikemen glistering in their bright Armor made small account of the Numidians Arrows and Darts but orderly stepping forwards with their Pikes and the Harquebusiers close by their sides easily repulsed their naked Enemies The Numidian Footmen are for most part Youths half naked with long hair not unlike the Irish using no other Weapons but Darts they fight mingled with their Horsemen trusting the one to the other and are of a wonderful swiftness and agility of Body Their Horsemen use long Spears armed at both ends which they with a marvellous dexterity use to the endangering of their Enemy pursuing them they use also long and light Targets made of Leather wherewith they so cunningly defend themselves and their Horses both in their Charge and Retreat that for a small trifle in respect of the danger they will give a man leave to cast seven Darts at one of them which they will all most surely avoid either with the Spear or receive them without harm into their Target In the mean time whilst this wild People thus skirmished all the day at night a suddain mischance overthrew all the Emperors hope for as he stood beholding the unshipping of his great Ordnance his Horses Victual and other necessaries of the Army a storm of Wind and Rain began about six a clock in the Afternoon holding on all the night without intermission with such rage as if Heaven and Earth should have gone together wherewith the whole Army at Land was wonderfully troubled and a great part of the Fleet at Sea by force of Tempest driven aground perished That night three Companies of the Italians by the appointment of their General lay without the Trenches against the suddain Assault of so uncertain an Enemy who when they had all the night endured the vehement Rain and extream cold were so overcome with the extremity of the Weather that neither were their minds able to relieve their weak bodies neither their feeble bodies their daunted minds for they could neither conveniently stand nor lie down all the ground being so miry that at every step they sunk up to the calf of the Leg. Upon these starved Companies the Turkish Horsemen and Moors Footmen who diligently observed the Watch of the Christians perceiving their distresses suddainly sallied out in the dawning of the day and so fiercely charged them their Match and Powder being now so wet that they could not use their Pieces that they all fled except a few Pikemen who made a stand and were all quickly slain by the Turks who so desperatly pursued the rest in chase that they followed them over the Trench into the Camp. This Alarm being heard Camillus Columna the Italian General came presently thither being sent by the Emperor who with certain Companies issued out over the Bridge against the Enemy who now in shew discouraged with the coming out of this new Supply did indeed or at leastwise made as if they did disorderly retire for fear At which time Ferdinand Gonzaga Viceroy of Sicilia a man of greatest account in the Army next unto the Emperor coming in also and angry with them which had before fled perswading them as valiant men to recompence their shamful flight with a fresh Charge by driving the Enemy home to his own door which thing Columna said could not be done without great peril but Gonzaga being a man of a noble Courage desired to have the disgrace which the Italians had received salved some way although it were with never so great danger thinking also that it might happily fall out that the Enemy being put to flight and hastily pursued they might together with them enter the City without danger of the Artillery So without farther delay the rest of the Italian Companies were led forth of their Trenches with great chearfulness by Augustine Spinola who so valiantly charged the Enemies that they put them to flight and pursued them so hard that they came with them to the very Gates of the City where many shut out for fear of letting in the Italians together with them escaped by known ways some to another Gate and some into the Mountains But then these barbarous People with Darts and Shot from the Walls began to overwhelm the Italians which were unadvisedly come within their danger and with terrible outcries to terrifie them and they which before were fled without the Walls returned again to fight They also which had shut the Gate sallied out again and hardly charged the Italians who already gauled with shot from the Walls and rent in sunder with the great Ordnance fled most disorderly for why they were but raw Souldiers taken up in hast little or nothing acquainted with the Wars At which time Assan also sallying out who was easily known by his Countenance and rich Attire pursued the chase with his Troops of Turks and Moors Footmen Only certain Knights of the Rhodes fought valiantly and retired orderly and Spinola with some other Gentlemen making a stand at a little wooden Bridge somewhat staid the Enemy and saved the lives of many So the Italians which first charged most valiantly being in the flight become hindermost the Enemy striking them down as they fled covered the Fields with their dead Bodies by the space of half a mile especially they which fled towards the Sea for there they were circumvented and slain by the merciless Numidians who beholding the Shipwrack were come down to the Sea side for prey But the formost Companies of the Italians which first fled into the Camp fled in so much hast and so great fear that none of the Leaders in so great and suddain a perplexity remembred either the common safety or performed the duty of an advised Captain so that all seemed at once lost both by Sea and Land. Only the Emperor armed with an invincible courage against all the chances of fortune and notto be dismaid with any mishap was both unto himself and others that day the greatest Captain for when all was almost lost he in good time staied the matter by coming on with the Squadron of Germans whereof he sent before three Ensigns to stay the flight and with them as a sure and fresh supply to guard his Camp beyond the Bridge which was over the Ditch serving his Army for a Trench as we have before said But such a fear had possessed the minds of

and brought into the Camp and examined confessed that there was no Garrison in the City more than four hundred Ianizaries and that a new supply was daily expected from Buda The Christians labouring that Night were by the breaking of the Day come with their Trenches to a Hill over against the Castle where they placed their Battery and forthwith began to ba●ter the City The same day being the seventh of May two and twenty Turks Heads were presented to the Arch-duke and four men taken alive newly sent out of the City to have viewed the Christian Camp. About Night certain Balls of Wild-fire were shot into the City whereof one fell upon the Tower called St. Adelbert and set it on fire wherewith first the Church and afterward a great part of the Town fell on fire The Sanzacks House with all his Horses and Armour and a great quantity of Powder was then burnt and inestimable hurt done in the City The next day the Christians had with continual battery made a breach in the Castle Wall but adjoyning unto the Wall was an high and broad sandy Rampier which could hardly be battered for all that the Germans gave a fierce assault to the breach hoping to have entred by the Ruins of the Wall but not being able to get over the sandy Rampier were inforced with loss to retire The day following they began again the Battery with eighteen great pieces when about eight a Clock in the Morning the Rascians that were in the old City gave the General to understand That if he would at a place by them appointed assault the greater City to draw the Turks thither they would in the mean time deliver unto the Christians certain little Posterns and receive them into the old City upon Condition that no Violence should be done unto them or theirs Which being so agreed upon the Christians accordingly gave the assault the eleventh of May in the Evening and by the help of the Rascians took the City who according to promise were all taken to Mercy and the Turks slain except such as by their good hap recovered the new Town The keeping of this City was committed to the charge of two Companies of German Footmen and six hundred Hungarians with three hundred Rascians and other Townsmen Thus was the old City of Strigonium gained by the Christians the Suburbs whereof they presently burnt nevertheless the new Town with the Castle was still holden by the Turks Wherefore the Christians having cast up certain Trenches and Mounts and placed their Artillery as they thought most convenient began again to batter the Castle and after they had by the Fury of the Cannon made it assaulta●le with great Courage assailed the breach which the Turks valiantly defended so that the Christians were glad to retire leaving behind them about an hundred and thirty of their Fellows slain in the breach The Turks a little before the coming of the Christians had fortified an Hill whereunto the Castle was something subject called of the Christians St. Nicholas his Hill this Hill so fortified the Christians with continual battery and assault gained the 17 th of May and put all the Turks left alive therein to the Sword and turning the Ordnance from thence also battered the Castle The two and twentieth of May a little before the going down of the Sun certain Ensigns of Footmen were drawn out of the Camp to have the next day assaulted the lower Town who taking the benefit of the Night attempting to have entred the Town in the dead time of the Night were notably encountered by the Turks sallying out of the Town upon them The Christians for all that having enforced them to retire prosecuted their former Resolution and with much ado got over the uttermost Wall but finding there contrary to their Expectation such a deep and broad countermure as was not possible to be passed they stood as Men dismaied neither could they in the Darkness of the Night well see how to get back again over the Town-ditch but disorderly retiring stuck fast many of them in the deep mud and there perished In this assault there were about a thousand of the Christians wounded and slain and albeit that they twice or thrice renewed the assault yet prevailed they nothing but were still repulsed with loss Many also of the Turkish Garrison were likewise slain yea the Sanzack himself hurt with a great shot with many other wounded men sent down the River to Buda brought thither true News of the aforesaid Assaults and of the state of the besieged In the mean time News was brought to the Camp That Sinan Bassa the old Enemy of the Christians and the Turks great Lieutenant coming towards Hungary with a great Army and having by Boats conveyed over part thereof was set upon by the Rascians these are poor oppressed Christians dwelling on both sides of Danubius who weary of the Turkish Thraldom and desirous of their antient Liberty have oftentimes taken up Arms against the Turks as they now did encouraged by the good Success of the Christians on the other side of Hungary and that after divers Skirmishes they had taken thirteen of the Turks Vessels wherein besides Victuals and certain great pieces of Artillery they found about 2400 weight of Powder 447 hundred of Lead 46454 bundles of Match 1200 great shot whereof 1005 were of 66 pound weight and of small shot for Harquebusiers 48500 with much other warlike Provision a great part whereof was brought into the Camp at Strigonium and the rest reserved to future Uses This loss so troubled the great Bassa that he altered his purpose before intended for Cassovia The fourth of Iune about five hundred Turks sent up the River from Buda conducted by two Sanzacks under two red and white Ensigns landed near to Gokara on the further side of Danubius over against Strigonium where after they had a while refreshed themselves and left some few for the more assurance of the Place all the rest were conveyed over the River into Strigonium where they had been long looked for the old Garrison being now sore weakned by the former Assaults Four days after the Turks encouraged with this supply sallied out upon a sudden and had entred one of the Forts of the Christians but were forthwith again repulsed having lost six and twenty of their men and two of their Ensigns not far off lay a troop of Horsemen who if they had in time come in not one of the Turks had escaped Long it were to tell how often and in what manner the Christians assaulted this City but were by the Turks so received that in five Assaults they lost five thousand of their Men amongst whom were divers Captains Lieutenants Antients and others of good account three and twenty Canoneers were also slain and ten great pieces of Artillery so spoiled as that they were no more serviceable The Garrison of this City consisted for most part of the Ianizaries the Turks

that they should without delay yield up the City and put themselves wholly to the mercy of Solyman So the Spaniard being there staid himself writ to Liscanus how he had sped willing him forthwith if he loved his own safety to yield the City without standing upon further terms Liscanus upon receit of these Letters coming forth to the Souldiers declared unto them the necessity of yielding up of the Town and what hope there was to escape with life and liberty But whilst the Souldiers filled with indignation stood as Men in doubt what to do Halis Commander of the Janizaries came unto the Gate and with chearful rather than stern countenance required to have it opened unto him according to the agreement made by Salamanca in the Camp which was forthwith opened by Liscanus and the Keys delivered unto him The Janizaries entring peaceably into the City possessed themselves of the Walls and Fortresses round about commanding the Christian Souldiers to give place out of whom they chose all the beardless Youths and commanded the rest to cast down their Harquebusies and other Weapons in a place appointed which they all for fear did expecting nothing but some cruel execution to be done upon them by the barbarous Enemy Which their fear was the more encreased by a strange accident then unluckily chancing for whilst the Souldiers did as they were commanded with their Harquebusies cast their Flasks full of Powder also one of them suddainly took fire of a Match which was by chance cast in amongst them with fire in it which firing the rest blew about all that heap of Weapons among the Turks which so filled them with anger and fear of some suddain Treachery that they fell upon the Christians and slew divers of them until such time as Halis perswaded that it was a thing hapned rather by chance than malice commanded his Janizaries to stay their fury This tumult appeased Halis caused proclamation to be made That all such Christian Souldiers as would serve Solyman in his Wars should have such place in his Army as their quality required with bountiful entertainment yet of all the Christian Souldiers were found only seventy which careful of their lives accepted the offer fearing that the Turks would upon such as refused exercise their wonted cruelty Halis entertaining them courteously sent them away with the other youths whom he had before culled out down the River to Buda the other Souldiers he took into his protection and used their labour to help the Turks to make clean the Castle But Liscanus who to save his Gold had made Shipwreck of his honour and reputation was glad to give unto Halis the fair Chain of Gold which he had most covetously and insolently before taken from Perenus when as Halis who would otherwise have taken it from him by force by way of military courtesie now craved it of him as a strange kind of ornament among the Turks with which gift he was in hope to have saved the rest of his Coyn. But fortune favoured not so much the covetous Coward for when he was about to depart away with his Horses of service which he kept very good and had cunningly stuffed the Saddles full of Gold thinking so slily to have conveyed it the Turk laughing at him took from him his Horses furnished as they were saying That he which was to go by Water needed no Horses So was the covetous Wretch at once quit of the great Wealth which he had in long time evil got The Captains with the rest of the Souldiers dispoiled of the Arms were conveyed over the River of Danubius and so travelled on foot to Possonium where the Count Salme by the commandment of the King apprehended Liscanus Salamanca and some other of the Captains for suspicion of Treason and committed them to safe custody there to answer for their cowardly yielding up of the City Solyman entred into Strigonium the tenth of August in the year 1543. and there converting Christian Churches into Temples for the Mahometan Superstition first sacrificed for his Victory as he had before done in Buda and after with all speed so strongly fortified the City as if he would thereby for ever have taken from the Christians all hope of recovering the same again deriding the slothful negligence of the Germans who possessed of it fourteen years had neglected all that time to fortifie it Not long after Solyman leaving Ossainus a valiant Captain Governour of Strigonium and sending his Tartarian Horsemen to spoil the Country on the left hand as far as Alba Regalis went himself to besiege the Castle of Tatta called in ancient time Theodota The Garrison Souldiers terrified with the loss of Strigonium and the sight of the Turks Army upon the first summons yielded the Castle without resistance and were so suffered quietly to depart That Castle after the manner of the Turkish Discipline who with few and those very strong Holds keep their Provinces in subjection was by Solymans commandment presently rased down to the Ground Torniellus General of the Italians caused Hanibal Captain of the Castle to have his Head struck off for his cowardly yielding up of the place he had taken charge of thereby to admonish others which had the charge of strong places not to refuse an honourable death in defence of their Country for fear of an ignominious death attending their Cowardise Tatta thus laid in the Dust Solyman marched with his Army towards Alba surnamed Regalis for that the Kings of Hungary by an ancient custom used there to be Crowned and also buried Buda Strigonium and Alba Regalis three princial Cities of the Kingdom of Hungary stand in manner of a Triangle almost equally distant one from another about a hundred miles in compass Buda and Strigonium are situate upon the River of Danubius but Alba standeth more into the Land strongly seated in the midst of a great Lake but not so wholsomely especially in the Summer time the Winter Waters then decreasing and gross vapours arising with the heat of the Sun. From the City through the Marish or Lake unto the firm Land lie three broad and high Causeys in manner of the streaks of a Cart-wheel well built with fair Houses and Gardens on either side and a broad way in the middle whereby Men pass in and out of the City At the end of every Causey toward the Land were cast up strong Bulwarks which the Citizens used not to watch but in dangerous times of War so that by these Bulwarks the Houses of the Suburbs standing upon these Causeys were safe from the danger of the Enemy the Lake filling up all the spaces betwixt the Causeys which what for the Depth what for Mud Flags and Bulrushes growing in it was not by Horse or Man to be passed through And the City it self standing in the midst of the Lake compassed round about with a strong Wall and a deep Ditch always full of Water was hardly to

Gradium still expecting the coming of the County Serinus who otherwise busied could not come The next day after a Souldier sent out from the besieged came into the Camp who gave the Captains to understand that except they made haste that day to relieve the distressed Monastery it would undoubtedly be lost for that the Enemy had made it assaultable and would that night give the assault and the defendants doubting how they should be able to maintain the Place began before his departure thence to think of composition with the Enemy Upon which news the Captains forthwith began to consult among themselves what course to take in so doubtful and dangerous a case where Aversberg was of opinion that it were best to march on and to give the Enemy Battel with whom also agreed the Lord Rederen the rest of the Captains being of a contrary mind for that the strength of the Christians compared to the Turks was too weak and therefore they thought it better in time to retire whilst they yet might than to hazard unto most manifest peril the lives of so many valiant men at so great odds At which counsel Aversberg was at the first much moved but afterwards as he was a man of great eloquence plainly set before them the necessity of the Cause and with lively Reasons cheared up the fearful Croatians notably perswading them all in general to but their whole trust and confidence in God to whom it was as easie to give Victory by few as by many and to fight like valiant men for their Religion their Countrey their Lives their Wives their Children and Friends and whatsoever else they held dear against that cowardly Enemy whose valour never brought him into the Field but only the vain trust he had in his multitude and would therefore no doubt easily be put to flight if he should contrary to his expectation find himself but a little hardly laid unto With these and other like Reasons he prevailed so much that they all yielded to his opinion and with one consent resolved to go against the Enemy and to do what they might to relieve their besieged Friends So upon a sign given the whole Army in number not above 4000 forthwith removed and with great speed hasted towards the Enemy and being come within a mile of the Camp put themselves in order of Battel The Turks by their Espials understanding of the approach of the Christians brought all their Horsemen over the River of Kulp by a Bridge which they had made and having put themselves in order came on to joyn Battel with the Christians who had in their Vauntgard placed the Croatians and Hussars in the left wing them of Carolstat and the Hasquebusiers of Karnia in the right wing the borderers of Carainia all Horsemen in the main Battel the rest of the Souldiers with the Horsemen of Silesia under the conduct of Sigismund Paradise the Rereward was inclosed with three Companies of the Emperors Souldiers The Croatians and Hussars in the Vantgard gave the first charge upon the Enemy but having for a good space made a great Fight they were about to have retired and discouraged with the multitude of the Enemies were even upon the point to have fled when Aversberg General of the Christian Army came on with his Squadron and not only restored the Battel but so resolutely charged the main Battel of the Turks that the Bassa was constrained at the first to retire and afterwards to fly after whom all the rest of the Army followed The Christians still keeping their array pursued them with great speed and coming to the new made Bridge before them took from them that passage to the great discomfiture of the Turks who seeing the miserable slaughter of themselves and no way to escape ran headlong some into the River Odera some into Kulp and were there for the most part drowned the rest were all slain by the Christians before determined not to take any Prisoners In the mean time the Turks that remained at the Siege understanding of the overthrow of their fellows set fire on their Powder and other Provision and so in great fear betook themselves to flight Whose Tents the Christians immediately after took and in them nine great pieces of Artillery and good store of great Shot of 44 and 45 pound weight apiece with the sumptuous Pavilion of the Bassa and much other rich Spoil which was all carried into the Monastery of Siseg The number of the Turks slain in this Battel and drowned in the Rivers is of divers diversly reported but most agree upon 18000. And amongst them was Hassan Bassa himself found in the River near unto the Bridge known by his most rich and sumptuous Apparel and near unto him Mahomet-Beg and Achmet-Beg In other places were also found the dead Bodies of Saffer-Beg the Bassaes Brother of Menibeg Haramatan-Beg Curti Beg O perd Beg and Goschus the Bassaes chief Counsellor and Master of his Houshold But of all others the untimely death of Sinan-Beg Amurath's Nephew his Sisters only Son sent thither to have learned the Feats of Arms under Hassan the great Bassa was of the Turks most lamented Of 20000 Turks that came over the River Kulp scarcely 2000 escaped This so great a Victory obtained all the Army of the Christians went thrice about the Monastery and every time falling all down upon their knees gave unto God most hearty thanks for the same as by him miraculously given and not by themselves won and afterwards made all the shew of joy and gladness they could possibly devise Siseg thus delivered and the Turks Army overthrown the Christians with all speed laid siege to Petrinia the strong new Fort of the Turks which they for the space of five days most furiously battered but hearing that the great Governour of Graecia whom the Turks call the Beglerbeg of Romania was with a great power coming to the relief of the Fort they raised their Siege brake up their Army and returned every man to his wonted charge Whilst these things were in doing at Petrinia a Post came from Constantinople to Buda who brought thither the first news of the overthrow of Siseg for the report thereof was not as yet come to Buda wherefore the Bassa called unto him the Messenger Authour of so bad News and diligently examined him of the truth thereof who told him That at his departure from Constantinople nothing was there known of that loss but that upon the way as he came he met with divers Horsemen but lately escaped from the slaughter who told him of a certainty that the Bassa was slain and his Army destroyed Whereunto the Bassa of Buda replyed That he was happy in his Death for that if he had by chance escaped he should for his Indiscretion undoubtedly have suffered some other more shameful Death at the Court. When News of the aforesaid Victory was brought to the Emperour at Prague he commanded publick Prayers with

hope with so great and puissant an Army as they were about to raise to make an end of the Wars in Hungary and not to return until they had conquered all the rest of that Kingdom in the rent reliques whereof the Fortune of the Othoman Emperours had stayed so that all Handy-crafts men were set to work by Day and Night not only to forge Weapons to cast great Ordnance and to make Powder but to prepare all other things necessary also for so great an Exploit All these great Preparations were made for the service of the Visier Bassa for the War in Hungary and of Cicala Bassa in Persia whereof he was appointed General having before presumptuously promised utterly to ruinate the Persians Estate and with so great a Power even to swallow him up And indeed these Eastern Wars greatly troubled the Turks News coming still concerning the Conquests of the Persian upon his Territories and that even of late the Persian King prosecuting his Victories had taken Babylon with all the Country thereabout and that divers other Towns and Cities more moved with fear than with the Faith wherewith they had bound themselves unto the Turks now yielded themselves unto the Persian as weary of the Turks Servitude and desirous of their antient Liberty And yet for all that the Turks as they are wise to dissemble their Losses and to strike a fear into their Enemies had given it out in Constantinople That the Persian King was near unto Babylon discomfited all his Army overthrown and he himself taken Prisoner so that the Turks Forces before distracted should now wholly joyn together to the utter Ruine and Destruction of the Christians in Hungary And the more to confirm this evil News it was reported That the Beglerbeg of Grecia had raised a great Power to joyn with the Visier Bassa's Forces to the intent to leave nothing unconquered in Hungary For the better effecting whereof it was also said That the Visier Bassa had caused a great number of Vessels loaded with Powder and other warlike Provision to be brought by Water out of Egypt to Belgrade to ruinate the Estate of the Christians All which Reports were by the Turks given out to cover their own Mishaps and to terrifie their Enemies as knowing right well Wars to depend much upon Reports and that a false brute believed worketh oftentimes the Effect of a thing indeed done Howsoever it was those so dreadful Reports might well have served to have stirred up the Spirits of the Christians to have provided for their own Defence and to have stood upon their Guard for he that faileth to provide against the Preparations of his Enemy well deserveth either Bondage or Death which soever shall befall him for having by his Negligence betrayed his own Ability and Power to have withstood him The great Report of the Turks Preparations and Forces had now dash'd all the Talk of Peace at Constantinople and the hot fire of Ambition had quite scorched the sweet Flowers appearing upon the overture of the late hope of the common Repose some perswading the Great Sultan that he was able with his Power at the same time both to subdue the Persian King and to confound the Forces of the Christian Emperour having so many Kingdoms within his Empire so many Armories stored for his Service and such store of Treasure ready for his Designs promising unto him most happy and easie Success both in the one and the other Expedition even a● one and the self same time so that he might vanquish the Persian by Cicala Chie●tain of his Army in Persia and conquer the remainder of Hungary with the Countries of Transilvania and Valachia by the Visier Bassa General of his Forces against the Christians it being as they said a thing both honourable and profitable for a Prince to bestow both Men and Money thereby to gain Men Honour and Empire so that things which with great charge might be done all at once were more profitable than were those which with less charge were done at divers times for that things so done at once yielded present profit as being in our Power and recompensing our Charge the other in long time putting us to great charge and yielding little or no profit at all And indeed men stand in great fear of this the Turks young Emperour being by Nature firce hasty vigilant cruel ambitious and proud and who in his Behaviour and Actions much resembled Mahomet the second he which took from the Christians so many Kingdoms Towns and Cities and amongst the rest the Imperial City of Constantinople He like unto a young Alexander occupieth himself in all the Exercises of War hateth Idleness his Fathers greatest Pleasure he causeth Arms to be made Cannons to be cast Ships and Gallies to be built and taketh a Pleasure to discourse how the same are to be imployed against his Enemies so that it is greatly to be feared that he being but a Child in Constantinople will prove a man grown in Christendome in bringing the same under his Power and Obeisance He spareth no Person nor Means which may serve to satisfie his desire So that Strangers are to expect small Courtesies at his hands when as they see him to use such bloody Cruelty against his Noblemen and domestical Servants of the chiefest of whom since he was Emperour he hath already put divers to death with one of his Bassaes also who was the Governour of Pesth when as our men won it But as Justice and Clemency unto good Princes are the surest Bonds to keep their Subject fast bound unto them in their Obedience and Duties so are Cruelty and Rage Bridles wherewith the Turkish Emperours keep their Subjects in awe and subjection unto them and themselves in their Estate But leaving the Turks busie about their Preparations for the accomplishing of their young Emperours high Designs let us return into Hungary taking Transilvania in our way the woful Miseries of which Country my Mind abhorreth to think upon and my Pen thereof to write This Province sometime much renowned for the great Victories obtained against the Turks by the Inhabitants thereof under the leading of their Prince Sigismund Bator and others abounding with plenty of all things was now not by any invasion of the Turks but by civil Discord amongst themselves and Rebellion against the Emperour now their Sovereign so wasted and spoiled by the Souldiers on all sides that many of the poor Inhabitants for want of food fell down dead as they went in the Streets and Fields miserable Wretches always sowing but never reaping always labouring but nothing profiting the merciless and greedy Souldier still spoiling or devouring all By long continuance of which daily Outrages the Fields at length lay now untilled the Pastures unstored and neglected and all things else unmanured and quite out of course by means whereof the Famine so increased that the poor Peasants of the Country having eaten up for great Dainties

open his Eyes he finds the Faults past by the Interest of the present he sees the Xerifs had abused the Liberty which he had given them whereupon he went to Field with an Army of eighteen thousand men and planted his Siege before Morocco but as his Enemies Party was stronger than his so he was chased away and his Army defeated at the Passage of a River Thus the Xerifs became peaceable Possessors of Morocco The Peace of the Country made these men idle and Idleness drew the two Brethren into Quarrel they mustered up their Forces and came to fight where after two bloody Battels Mahomet being Victor he took his eldest Brother Hamet deprived him of his Realm and Liberty and made him end his days miserably in Prison Thus God doth punish the unjust Spoiler of another mans Good. We shall see in their Posterity the continuance of the same Quarrel Mahomet settled Sovereign in Morocco by Blood and Fratricide as monstrous in Ambition as in Cruelty he turned the same Arms wherewith he had beaten and vanquished his Eldest Brother against the King of Fez whose Improvidence had suffered Mahomet and his Brethren to take Arms under the deceitful Title and Pretence of making War against the Christian Portugals he assaulted him with great Forces vanquished him took him Prisoner and deprived him both of Realm and Life Thus the Xerifs in the Person of this Mahomet became Sovereign Princes of Fez and Morocco The Victory so happily gotten of so many Nations made him fearful but by his Cruelty he drew upon his Descendants the just Judgment of him who punisheth the excess and enormity of Crimes unto the fourth Generation His Posterity was miserable the unjust desire of Reign one ruining another entertained the Brethren in perpetual Discord for Cidan now King of Fez and Morocco was lately expelled by his Brother Kequi but afterwards Fortune changing her inconstant Favour Kequi was pursued by Cidan defeated and forced in the Year 1610 to save his Life in Algarbe in Portugal Abdalla the Son of Kequi seeing his Fathers Affairs thus desolate retires himself towards the Mountains in the Province of Sus where finding opportunity to annoy his Uncle Cidan he made daily Incursions upon his Territories with some Troops of Arabians who had joyned with him being two hundred Horse and two hundred Foot. But finding this to be a long course to attain unto the Conquest of the Realm from whence he had been expelled he bethought himself that some certain counterfeit Fictions in Religion had in former times brought in his Grand-father and made him absolute Lord of a great Country wherefore he made use of a Prophecy forged in his ambitious Spirit and to work an Impression in the Peoples Minds easie to be moved with a Passion of Religion he sent certain religious Mahometans through the Country with a shew of holy Simplicity who went preaching from place to place That one Falquere a Man of holy Life had given unto a Son of his a Drum of an admirable power and vertue commanding him expresly to keep it carefully untill that a Prince called Abdalla should come into Morocco being expelled by the Injustice of his own Blood and that then he should beat his Drum and that the People at the sound thereof might go to the War with all safety that it should be helpful to them give Peace to the Realm and settle all the Customs and ancient Laws to their common content Thus they preached this Prophecy the which they said was now accomplished seeing that this Prophetical Drum had been found that Abdalla the eldest Prince of the House of the Xerifs had caused it to be beaten exhorting all men to follow the War for the common good of the Country These Vanities being preached by these ignorant and malicious religious Turks increased the Number of Abdalla's Party whereof Cydan being advertised he sent a great Army against him into the Province of Sus under the command of Alcas Elmye to hinder the progress of his Designs But Abdalla finding these Forces to approach retired himself towards the Mountains from whence he might charge the Enemies Army the which he did so happily as within few dayes he cut off five thousand of his men This success did so advance his Affairs as his Troops increased daily so as Cydan was forced to go with new Forces to fight with him the which was the cause of his ruin for at this time he was invested and notwithstanding the good success of his false Prophesies lightly grounded upon the sound of a Drum he was defeated and slain in this year one thousand six hundred and twelve Gotardus discoursing of this miraculous King of Mauritania whom he calls Muley Hamet writeth that he was charmed with devillish Incantations and freed from all outward force carrying himself for a Divine Prophet That with one hundred and eighty Horse and two hundred Foot he went to make Head against Cidan King of Morocco having forty thousand men That his Souldiers who were so few in number being ready to flye he persuaded them with a cunning speech to prepare to fight That comming near to Cidan's Camp they might see a great Army of Enemies fighting against them in which there were five thousand of Cydan's Army overthrown and the rest in great disorder put to flight and yet Muley Hamet had not advanced with his Troops That within a few dayes after comming with his Troops tired to a River side he commanded them not to drink nor wash in that River which if they did they would die but some neglecting his command thinking to quench their thirst died suddenly He took many places in those mountainous Regions which no man had formerly subdued his Forces increasing daily having five and twenty thousand men and vowing to go against the Christians more came unto him so as he went against Cidan with a good Army who likewise attended him Hamet persuaded his Souldiers that no shot could hurt them so as they assaulted Cydan's Camp with such fury as within less than an hours space they had slain above six thousand men and put the rest to flight They write that Hamet lost not above four or five and that such as were struck with any Bullet shewed Marks but no Wounds and that the great Ordnance either sho● over them or the Powder vented out at the Touch-hole and wrought no effect Cydan having lost his Brother in the Fight fled with all his Treasure to recover new Forces and in the mean time Hamet made himself Master of the whole Country There were certain Hollanders admitted unto him whom they found sitting upon a Carpet made of the Bark of Trees having a white Shirt and a long Garment upon it a red Cap on his Head bare Thighs and red Shooes a Bag about his Neck and in it he hid his Alcoran a short crooked Sword and a Dagger hanging by him Being saluted by the Hollanders he