Selected quad for the lemma: rest_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
rest_n	mariner_n	match_n	powder_n	3,855	5	12.3199	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71306	Purchas his pilgrimes. part 4 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1625 (1625)	STC 20509_pt4; ESTC S111862	1,854,238	887

Catholike had giuen commandement long before in Italy Spaine that a great quantitie of timber should be felled for the building of Ships and had besides made great preparation of things and furniture requisite for such an expedition as namely in founding of brasen Ord●ance in storing vp of corn and victuals in training of men to vse warlike weapons in leuying and mustering of Souldiers insomuch that about the beginning of the yeer 1588. he had finished such a mightie Nauie brought it into Lisbon Hauen as neuer the like had before that time sailed vpon the Ocean Sea A very large and particular description of this Nauie was put in print and published by the Spaniards the translated copy whereof in perp●tuam r●i memoriam to incite English thankfulnesse I haue here inserted but abridged Squadron of the Galeons of Portugall THe Galeon S. Martin Captain Generall of the Armie of 1000. tuns carrieth 177. Mariners 3●0 Souldiers chosen men 50. Peeces of Canon Bullets Powder Lead Cord and all that which is needfull The Galeon S. Iohn Admirall Generall of 1050. tuns carrieth 170. Mariners 231. Souldiers 50. Peeces of Canons and Bullets Powder Lead Cords and that which is necessary The Galeon of S. Marke is of 792. tuns and carrieth 292. Souldiers 117. Mariners and Powder Bullets Lead Match as much as is needfull The Galeon S. Philip of 800. tuns hath 415. Souldiers 117. Mariners 40. Peeces of Artillery and Bullets Powder Lead Match and all that is needfull The Galeon S. Lewes 830. tuns hath 376. men of Warre and 116. Mariners 40. Peeces of Ordnance and Bullets Match Powder and other things as much as is needfull The Galeon of S. Mathew 750. tuns 177. men of Warre 50. Mariners 40. great Peeces and Powder Bullets Lead Match and all other things as much as is needfull The Galeon S. Iames 520. tunnes 300. Souldiers 100. Mariners 30. great Peeces and Bullets Powder Lead Match and all that which is needfull The Galeon of Florence of 961. tuns 300. Souldiers 100. Mariners 52. Peeces of Ordnance and Bullets Powder Lead Match and all the rest as much as is needfull The Galeon S. Christopher 352. tuns 300. men of Warre 90. Mariners 30. great Peeces Bullets Lead Powder Match and all that which they need The Galeon S. Bernard 352. tuns hath 280. Souldiers 100. Mariners 30. Canons and Bullets Powder Lead Match and other necessary things as much as they need The Zabra Augusta of 166. tuns carrieth 55. Souldiers 55. Mariners 13. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and other necessary things as much as they need The Zabra Iulia of 166. tuns 60. Souldiers 50. Mariners with Ordnance Bullets Powder and other necessaries There is in this Squadron 1● Vessells 10. of them Galeons and two Zabres which are of 7737. tuns there are imbarked in them 3330. Souldiers footmen 1230 mariners which are in sum 4624. men they carry 350. great Peeces and all that which is necessary to the rest as bullets powder match lead c. THe Ship S. Angell the Captaine is of 768. tuns and hath 323. men of War 114. Mariners 30. Canons Bullets Powder Lead Match and all that which is needfull The Gangrin Admirall of 1160. tuns carrieth 300. Souldiers 100. Mariners 36. great Peeces of Canons Bullets Powder Match Lead and all that which is needfull The Vessell of S. Iames 660. tuns hath 250. Souldiers 102. Mariners 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and other necessary prouisions The Conception of Zub●lzu 468. tuns hath 100. men of War and 70. Mariners 20. great Canons and Bullets Powder Lead Match and all other necessary things The Conception de I●a●es del Cauo 418. tuns hath 164. men of Warre 70. Mariners 24. great Peeces and Bullets Powder Lead Match and all that which they need The Magdalene of Iohn Frauncis of Ayala 330. tuns carrieth 200. Souldiers 70. Mariners 22. great Peeces and Bullets Powder Lead Match and that which is necessary to the rest The S 〈…〉 p S. Iohn 350. tuns hath 130. men of Warre and 80. Mariners and 24. great Peeces B●llets Powder Lead Match and all that which they need for the rest The Mary of 165. tuns carrieth 180. Souldiers and 100. Mariners 24. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and other necessary things The Manuela of 520. tuns hath 130. Souldiers 54. Mariners 16. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and the rest of their fraught The Ship of S. Mary of Monte-maior of 707. tuns 220. Souldiers 50. Mariners 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead and Match and other prouisions The Pinnace called the Marie of Aguiare of 70. tuns hath 30. men of War 23. Mariners 10. Peeces of Canon Powder Bullets Lead Match and other necessary things The Pinnace called Isabella of tuns hath 30. Souldiers 23. Mariners 12 Canons Bullets and other necessary things The Pinnace of Michel Sus● of 96. tuns 30. Souldiers 24. Mariners 12. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and all other necessary things The Pinnace of S. Steuen of 78. tuns hath 30. men of Warre 26. Mariners 12. Peeces of Canon Bullets Powder Lead Match and all other necessary things of prouision There is in this Squadron 14. Ships ten of them great and foure Pinnaces which are of 6567. tuns of burden in which Ships bee imbarked 2037. Souldiers 868. Mariners which make in all 2802. and 260. great Peeces of Canon 119000. Bullets 467. Quintals of Powder 140. of Lead 89. of Match THe Galeon S. Christopher Captaine of 70. tuns hath 205. men of Wa●re and 120. Mariners and 40. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and all that which is necessary to the rest The Galeon S. Iohn Baptist of 750. tuns hath 250. Souldiers 140. M●●●ne●s ●0 great Peeces bullets Powder lead Match other necessary things The Galeon S. Peter of 530. tuns 130. men of Warre 140. Mariners and 40. great Peeces Bullets Powder Match Lead and all the rest needfull The Galeon S. Iohn of 530. tuns 170. Souldiers 120. Mariners and 30. great Peeces Powder Bullets Lead Match and all the rest The Galeon S. Iames the great of 530. tuns 230. Souldiers 132. Mariners 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and all the rest The Galeon S. Philip and S. Iames of 530. tuns 159. Souldiers and 116. Mariners 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Match Lead and all that is necessary The Galeon of the Ascension of 530. tuns 220. Souldiers 114. Mariners and 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Match Lead and all other necessary things The Galeon of our Lady del Barri● of 130. tuns 170. Souldiers 108. Mariners and 30. Canons Bullets Powder Lead and all other necessary furnitures The Galeon of S. Medel and Celedon of 530. tuns 170. Souldiers 110. Mariners 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Match Lead and all the rest Galeon S. Anne of the Port of 250. tuns 100. men of Warre and 80. Mariners 24. great Peeces Bullets Powder Match Lead and all the rest The Ship of

our Lord of Vigonia 750. tuns 190. men of Warre and 130. Mariners 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Match Lead and all the rest The Vessell of the Trinite● of 780. tuns 200. Souldiers 12● Mariners 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Match Lead and all the rest The Ship of S. Katherine of 86● tuns 200. men of Warr 160. Mariners 30. great Peeces and Powder Bullets Match Lead and all the rest The Ship of S. Iohn Baptist of 652. tuns 200. Souldiers 30. Mariners 30. Canons Bullets Powder Match Lead and all the rest The Pinnace of our Lord Rosary 30. Souldiers 25. Mariners 24. great Peeces Powder Bullets Lead Match and the rest of their prouision There are in this Squadron fourteene Galeons and Ships and two Pinnaces which beare 8714. tuns In these Vessells there are imbarked 2458. Souldiers 1719. Mariners which are in all 4177. and 348. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and all that which they need THe Captaine Ship of 1550. tuns carrieth 304. men of War 118. Mariners 50. Canons Powder Bullets and the rest of their prouision The Ship S. Francis the Admirall of 915. tuns 230. Souldiers 60. Mariners 30. Canons Powder Bullets and the rest of their prouision The Galeon S. Iohn Baptist of 810. tuns 250. Souldiers and 40. Mariners 40. great Peeces Powder Bullets Match Lead and the rest The Ship S. Iohn Gargaran of 569. tuns 170. men of War 60. Mariners 20. great Peeces Powder Bullets Match Lead and the rest The Conception of 862. tuns 200. men of War 65. Mariners 25. great Peeces Bullets Powder Match Lead and all the rest The Hulke Duquesa S. Anne of 900. tuns 250. men of War and 80. Mariners 30. great Peeces Powder Bullets Match Lead and all the rest The Trinitie 650. tuns 200. men of Warre 80. Mariners 20. Canons Bullets Powder Lead Match and the rest The Ship S. Mary de Iuncar of 730. tuns 240. men of War 80. Mariners 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and all the rest The Pinnace of the Holy Ghost 40. men of War 33. Mariners 10. Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and Cord and all that which they need There are in this Squadron 11. Ships 10. great and a Pin●ace of the burden of 8762. tuns in which are imbarked 2400. Souldiers 800. Mariners and 260. great Peeces THe Ship of S. Anne the Captaine of ●200 tuns of burden hath 300. men of Warre 60. Mariners 50. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead and all the rest The Ship of our Lord of the Rose Admirall of 945. tuns 230. Souldiers 64. Mariners and 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and all the rest The Ship S. Sauior of 958. tuns 330. Souldiers 50. Mariners 30. Canons Bullets Powder Lead Match and the rest The Ship of S. Steuen of 936. tuns 200. men of Warre 70. Mariners 30. great Peeces Bullets Powder Lead Match and all the rest The Ship of S. Marthe of 548. tuns 180. men of Warre 70. Mariners 25. great Peeces bullets powder and the rest The ship S. Barbe of 525. tuns 160. Souldiers 50. Mariners 15. Canons bullets powder lead match and all the rest The ship of S. Bonauenture of 369. tuns 170. Souldiers 60. Mariners 15. great Peeces bullets powder lead and the rest The Mary of 291. tuns 120. Souldiers 40. Mariners 15. great Peeces bullets powder lead and the rest The S. Croix 680. tuns 150. Souldiers 40. Mariners 20. great Peeces bullets powder match lead and the rest The Hulke Doucella 500. tuns 160. men of War 40. Mariners 18. great Peeces powder bullets match lead and all the rest The Patax of the Annunciation of 60. tuns 30. men of War 16. Mariners 12. great Peeces bullets powder match lead and all the rest The Patax S. Bernabe is the same burden as the aforenamed The Patax of our Lady of Guadaloupe is of the same burden also The Pinnace of Magdelene is also the same burden There are in this Squadron 14. Ships ten great Ships two Pataches and two Pinnaces of 6991. tuns of burden In which Uessels there are imbarked 2092. men of Warre and 670. Mariners all commeth 2708. THe Regasona the Captaine which is of 1294. tuns hath 350. Souldiers 90. Mariners 35. great Peeces powder bullets lead match and all the rest The Lama the Admirall of 728. tuns 210. Souldiers 80. Mariners 30. great Peeces powder bullets lead match and all the rest The 〈◊〉 S. Mary crowned of 820. tuns 340. men of Warre 90. Mariners 40. great Peeces powder bullets match lead and the rest The S. Iohn of Cicile of 880. tuns 290. men of Warre 70. Mariners 30. Canons and all the rest The Trinitie Valencera of a 1000. tuns 240. Souldiers 90. Mariners 41. great Peeces and all the rest of their furnitures The Annuntiation of 730. tuns 200. Souldiers 90. Mariners 30. great Peeces and all the rest The S. Nicholas Proda●eli of 834. tunnes 280. Sou●●ers 84. Mariners 30. great Peeces and all the rest The Iuli●●e of 780. ●uns 330. Souldiers 80. Mariners 36. great Peeces and the rest The Mary Pison of 666. tuns 250. Souldiers 80. Mariners 22. great Peeces and the rest of their need The Trinitie Escala of 900. tunnes 302. Souldiers 25. great Peeces and all the rest of their furniture In which Squadron there ●●e ten Ships which are of 7705. tuns of burthen and there are imbarked in them 2880. Souldiers 807. Mariners 310. great Peeces with the rest of that they haue THe great Grison the Captaine of 650. tuns 250. Souldiers 60. Mariners 40. great Peeces and the rest The S. Sauior the Admirall of 650. tuns 230. Souldiers 60. Mariners 30. great Peeces and the rest of their prouision The Sea Dog of 200. tuns 80. Souldiers 30. Mariners 10. great Peeces and the rest The White Faulcon the great of 500. tuns 160. men of Warre 40. Mariners 18. great Peeces and all the rest The Blacke Castle of 750. tuns 250. Souldiers 50. Mariners 25. great Peeces and all the rest The Barke of Amb●●g of 600. tuns 250. men of War 50. Mariners 25. Canons and the rest The House of peace the great of the same burthen The S. Peter the great of the same burthen also The Sampson and Peter the small doe beare the same The Barke of Auz●que of 450. tuns 210. Souldiers 50. Mariners 26. great Peeces and the rest of their prouision The Falcon the meane White of 300. tuns 80. men of War 30. Mariners 18. great Peeces and all the rest The S. Andrew of 400. tuns 160. Souldiers 40. Mariners 15. great Peeces and the rest of their prouision The Little house of peace of 350. tuns 160. Souldiers 40. Mariners 15. great Peeces and the rest of their prouision The Flying Rauen of 400. tuns 210. Souldiers 40. Mariners 18. great Peeces and the rest of their furniture THe White Doue of 250. tuns 60. Souldiers 30. Mariners 12. great Peeces and the rest The Aduenture S. Barbe fraughted of the same The S. Iames 600. tuns 60.

stand off to Sea close by The Admirall of the Spaniards with the other two were a sterne of vs some foure leagues the Vice-admirall a mile right to lee-wards of vs the Reare-admirall in a manner right a head some culuering shot and one vpon our loofe within shot also the Moone was to rise within two houres After much debating it was concluded that we should beare vp before the winde and seeke to escape betwixt the Admirall and the Vice-admirall which we put in execution not knowing of any other disgrace befallen them but that of the Reare-admirall till after our surrender when they recounted vnto vs all that had past In the morning at breake of day we were cleare of all our Enemies and so shaped our course alongst the Coast for the Bay of Atacames where we purposed to trim our Pinnace and to renew our wood and water and so to depart vpon our Voyage with all possible speede The Spanish Armado returned presently to Callao which is the Port of Lyma or of the Citie of the Kings It was first named Lyma and retaineth also that name of the Riuer which passeth by the Citie called Lyma the Spanish Armado being entred the Port the people began to goe ashore where they were so mocked and scorned by the women as scarce any one by day would shew his face they reuiled them with the name of cowards and golnias and craued licence of the Vice-roy to be admitted into their roomes and to vndertake the surrendry of the English Shippe I haue beene certified for truth that some of them affronted their Souldiers with Daggers and Pistols by their sides This wrought such effects in the hearts of the disgraced as they vowed either to recouer their reputation lost or to follow vs into England and so with expedition the Vice-roy commanded two Shippes and a Pinnace to be put in order and in them placed the chiefe Souldiers and Marriners of the rest and furnished them with victuals and munition The foresaid Generall is once againe dispatched to seeke vs who ranged the Coasts and Ports enforming himselfe what he could Some fiftie leagues to the North-wards of Lyma in sight of Mongon we tooke a Ship halfe loaden with Wheate Sugar Miell de Canas and Cordouan skins which for that she was leake and sailed badly and tackled in such manner as the Marriners would not willingly put themselues into her we tooke what was necessary for our prouision and fired her Thwart of Truxillo wee set the company of her ashoare with the Pilot which we had taken in Balparizo reseruing the Pilot of the burnt Shippe and a Greeke who chose rather to continue with vs then to hazard their liues in going ashore for that they had departed out of the Port of Santa which is in eight degrees being required by the Iustice not to weigh anchor before the Coast was knowne to be cleare It is a thing worthy to be noted and almost incredible with how few men they vse to saile a Shippe in the South Sea for in this prise which was aboue an hundred tunnes were but eight persons and in a Ship of three hundreth tuns they vse not to put aboue foureteene or fifteene persons yea I haue beene credibly enformed that with foureteene persons a Ship of fiue hundred tuns hath beene carried from Guayaquil to Lyma deepe loaden which is aboue two hundred leagues They are forced euer to gaine their Voyage by turning to wind-wards which is the greatest toyle and labour that the Marriners haue and slow sometimes in this Voyage foure or fiue moneths which is generall in all the Nauigations of this coast but the security from stormes and certainty of the Brese with the desire to make their gaine the greater is the cause that euery man forceth himselfe to the vttermost to doe the labour of two men In the height of the Port of Santa some seuen hundred and fiftie leagues to the West-wards lye the Ilands of Salomon of late yeares discouered At my being in Lyma a Fleete of foure saile was sent from thence to people them which through the emulation and discord that arose amongst them being landed and setled in the Countrey was vtterly ouerthrowne onely one Shippe with some few of the people after much misery got to the Philippines This I came to the knowledge of by a large relation written from a person of credit and sent from the Philippines to Panama I saw it at my being there in my voyage towards Spaine Hauing edged neere the coast to put the Spaniards on shore a thicke fogge tooke vs so that we could not see the land but recouering our Pinnace and Boate we sailed on our course till wee came thwart of the Port called Malabrigo It lieth in seuen degrees In all this Coast the currant runneth with great force but neuer keepeth any certaine course sauing that it runneth alongst the coast sometimes to the South-wards sometimes to the North-wards which now runneth to the North-wards forced vs so farre into the Bay which a point of the land causeth that they call Punta de Augussa as thinking to cleare our selues by rouing North-west we could not double this point making our way North North-west Therefore speciall care is euer to be had of the current and doubtlesse if the prouidence of Almighty God had not Freede vs we had runne ashore vpon the Land without seeing or suspecting any such danger his name be euer exalted and magnified for deliuering vs from the vnknowne danger by calming the winde all night the Suns rising manifested vnto vs our errour and perill by discouering vnto vs the land within two leagues right a head The current had carried vs without any winde at the least foure leagues which seene and the winde beginning to blow we brought our tackes aboord and in short time cleared our selues Thwart of this point of Angussa lye two desert Ilands they call them Illas de Lobos for the multitude of Seales which accustome to haunt the shore In the bigger is very good harbour and secure they lye in six degrees and thirty minutes The next day after we lost sight of those Ilands being thwart of Payta which lyeth in fiue degrees and hauing manned our Pinnace and Boate to search the Port we had sight of a tall Ship which hauing knowledge of our being on the coast and thinking her selfe to be more safe at Sea then in the harbour put her selfe then vnder saile to her we gaue chase all that night and the next day but in fine being better of saile then we she freed her selfe Thus being to lee-ward of the Harbour and discouered we continued our course alongst the shore That euening wee were thwart of the Riuer of Guyayaquill which hath in the mouth of it two Ilands the Souther-most and biggest called Puma in three degrees and the other to the North-wards Santa clara Puma is inhabited and is the place where they

so the torment and danger of the Peece the greater But here will be contradiction by many that dare auouch that longer Peeces are to be preferred for that they burne their powder better and carry the shot further and so necessarily of better execution whereas the short Artillery many times spends much of their powder without burning and workes thereby the slenderer effect To which I answere that for Land seruice Forts or Castles the long Peeces are to be preferred but for shipping the shorter are much more seruiceable And the powder in them being such as it ought will be all fired long before the shot come forth and to reach farre in fights at Sea is to little effect For he that purposeth to annoy his Enemie must not shoote at randon nor at point blanke if he purpose to accomplish with his deuoire neither must he spend his shot nor powder but where a pot-gun may reach his contrary how much the neerer so much the better and this duely executed the short Artillery will worke his effect as well as the long otherwise neither short nor long are of much importance but here my meaning is not to approue the ouershort Peeces deuised by some persons which at euery shot they make daunce out of their cariages but those of indifferent length and which keepe the meane betwixt seauen and eight foote The entertainment we gaue vnto our contraries being otherwise then was expected they fell off and ranged a head hauing broken in peeces all our gallerie and presently they cast about vpon vs and being able to keepe vs company with their fighting sailes lay a weather of vs ordinarily within Musket shot playing continually with them and their great Artillerie which we endured and answered as we could Our Pinnace engaged her selfe so farre as that before she could come vnto vs the Vice-admirall had like to cut her off and comming to lay vs aboord and to enter her men the Vice-admirall boorded with her so that some of our company entred our Ship ouer her bow-sprit as they themselues reported Wee were not a little comforted with the sight of our people in safetie within our Ship for in all wee were but threescore and fifteene men and boyes when we began to fight and our enemies thirteene hundred men and boyes little more or lesse and those of the choise of Peru. Here it shall not be out of the way to discourse a little of the Spanish Discipline and manner of their gouernment in generall which is in many things different to ours In this expedition came two Generals the one Don Beltran de Castro who had the absolute authoritie and command The other Michael Angell Pilipon a man well in yeares and came to this preferment by his long and painefull seruice who though he had the title of Generall by Sea I thinke it was rather of courtesie then by Pattent and for that he had beene many yeares Generall of the South Seas for the carriage and swaftage of the Siluer from Lyma to Panama Hee seemed to be an assistant to supply that with his counsell aduice and experience whereof Don Beltran had neuer made triall for he commanded not absolutely but with the confirmation of Don Beltran for the Spaniards neuer giue absolute authoritie to more then one A custome that hath beene and is approued in all Empires Kingdomes Common-wealths and Armies rightly disciplined the mixture hath beene seldome seene to prosper as will manifestly appeare if we consider the issue of all actions and iourneys committed to the gouernment of two or more generally The Spaniards in their Armadoes by Sea imitate the discipline order and officers which are in an Army by Land and diuide themselues into three bodies to wit Souldiers Marriners and Gunners Their Souldiers ward and watch and their officers in euery Ship round as if they were on the shoare this is the onely taske they vndergoe except cleaning their Armes wherein they are not ouer curious The Gunners are exempted from all labour and care except about the Artillerie And these are either Almaynes Flemmings or strangers for the Spaniards are but indifferently practised in this Art The Marriners are but as slaues to the rest to moyle and to toyle day and night and those but few and bad and not suffered to sleepe or harbour themselues vnder the deckes For in faire or foule weather in stormes sunne or raine they must passe voide of couert or succour There is ordinarily in euery Ship of Warre a Captaine whose charge is as that of our Masters with vs and also a Captaine of the Souldiers who commandeth the Captaine of the Ship the Souldiers Gunners and Marriners in her yea though there be diuers Captaines with their companies in one Shippe which is vsuall amongst them yet one hath the supreame authoritie and the residue are at his ordering and disposing They haue their Mastros de Campo Sergeant Master Generall or Captaine of the Artillery with their Alfere Maior and all other officers as in a Campe. If they come to fight with another Armado they order themselues as in a battell by land In a Vanguard rereward maine battell and wings c. In euery particular Ship the Souldiers are set all vpon the deckes their forecastle they account their head Front or Vangard of their company that abast the Mast the rereward and the waste the maine battell wherein they place their principall force and on which they principally relye which they call their placa de armas or place of Armes which taken their hope is lost The Gunners fight not but with their great Artillerie the Marriners attend onely on the tackling of the Ship and handling of the sailes and are vnarmed and subiect to all misfortunes not permitted to shelter themselues but to be still aloft whether it be necessary or needelesse So ordinarily those which first faile are the Marriners and Sailers of which they haue greatest neede They vse few close fights or fireworks all this proceedeth as I iudge of errour in placing land Captaines for Gouernors and Commanders by Sea where they seldome vnderstand what is to be done or commanded Some that haue beene our prisoners haue perfited themselues of that they haue seene amongst vs and others disguised vnder colour of treaties for ransoming of prisoners for bringing of presents other Imbassages haue noted our forme of shipping our manner of defences and discipline Sit hence which espiall in such actions as they haue beene imployed in they seeke to imitate our gouernment and reformed discipline at Sea which doubtlesse is the best and most proper that is at this day knowne or practised in the whole world if the execution be answerable to that which is known and receiued for true and good amongst vs. In the Captaine for so the Spaniards call their Admirall was an English Gunner who to gaine grace with those vnder whom he serued preferring himselfe and

healthfulnesse of the place First for our selues thankes be to God we had not a man sicke two dayes together in all our Voyage whereas others that went out with vs or about that time on other Voyages especially such as went vpon repr●sall were most of them infected with sicknesse whereof they lost some of the●r men and brought home a many sicke returning notwithstanding long before vs. But Verazzano and others as I take it you may reade in the Booke of Discoueries doe more particularly intreate of the Age of the people in that coast The Sassafras which we brought we had vpon the Ilands where though we bad little disturbance and reasonable plenty yet for that the greatest part of our people were imployed about the fitting of our house and such like affaires and a few and those but easie labourers vndertooke this worke the rather because we were informed before our going forth that a tunne was sufficient to cloy England and further for that we had resolued vpon our returne and taken view of our victuall we iudged it then needefull to vse expedition which afterward we had more certaine proofe of for when we came to an anker before Portsmouth which was some foure dayes after we made the land we had not one Cake of Bread nor any drinke but a little Vinegar left f●r these and other reasons we returned no otherwise laden then you haue heard And thus much I hope shall suffice till I can my selfe come to giue you further notice which though it be not so soone as I could haue wisht yet I hope it shall be in conuenient time In the meane time crauing your pardon for which the vrgent occasions of my stay will pleade I humbly take my leaue 7. Septemb. 1602. Your dutifull Sonne BARTH GOSNOLD CHAP. XI The Relation of Captaine GOSNOLS Voyage to the North part of Virginia begunne the sixe and twentieth of March Anno 42. ELIZABETHAE Reginae 1602. and deliuered by GABRIEL ARCHER a Gentleman in the said Voyage THe said Captaine did set sayle from Famouth the day and yeere aboue written accompanied with thirtie two persons whereof eight Mariners and Saylers twelue purposing vpon the Discouery to returne with the ship for England the rest remayne there for population The fourteenth of Aprill following wee had sight of Saint Maries an Iland of the Assoris The three and twentieth of the same beeing two hundred leagues Westwards from the said Iland in the latitude of 37. degrees The water in the mayne Ocean appeared yellow the space of two leagues North and South where sounding with thirtie fadome Line wee found no ground and taking vp some of the said water in a bucket it altered not either in colour or taste from the Sea Azure The seuenth of May following we first saw many Birds in bignesse of Cliffe Pidgeons and after diuers other as Pettrels Cootes Hagbuts Pengwins Murres Gannets Cormorants Guls with many else in our English Tongue of no name The eight of the same the water changed to a yellowish greene where at seuentie fadome we had ground The ninth wee had two and twentie fadome in faire sandie ground hauing vpon our Lead many glittering Stones somewhat heauie which might promise some Minerall matter in the bottome we held our selues by computation well neere the latitude of 43. degrees The tenth wee sonnded in 27. 30. 37. 43. fadome and then came to 108. some thought it to be the sounding of the Westermost end of Saint Iohns Iland vpon this banke we saw sculs of fish in great numbers The twelfth we hoysed out halfe of our shallop and sounding had then eightie fadome without any current perceiued by William Strete the Master one hundred leagues Westward from Saint Maries til we came to the foresaid soundings continually passed fleeting by vs Sea-oare which seemed to haue their moueable course towards the North-east a matter to set some subtle inuention on worke for comprehending the true cause thereof The thirteenth wee sounded in seuentie fadome and obserued great beds of weedes much woode and diuers things else floating by vs when as we had smelling of the shoare such as from the Southerne Cape and Andulazia in Spaine The fourteenth about six in the morning we descried Land that lay North c. the Northerly part we called the North Land which to another Rocke vpon the same lying twelue leagues West that wee called Sauage Rocke because the Sauages first shewed themselues there fiue leagues towards the said Rocke is an out Point of woodie ground the Trees thereof very high and straight from the Rocke East North-east From the said Rocke came towards vs a Biscay shallop with saile and Oares hauing eight persons in it whom we supposed at first to bee Christians distressed But approching vs neere wee perceiued them to bee Sauages These comming within call hayled vs and wee answered Then after signes of peace and a long speech by one of them made they came boldly aboord vs being all naked sauing about their shoulders certaine loose Deere-skinnes and neere their wastes Seale-skinnes tyed fast like to Irish Dimmie Trouses One that seeemed to be their Commander wore a Wastecoate of blacke worke a paire of Breeches cloth Stockings Shooes Hat and Band one or two more had also a few things made by some Christians these with a piece of Chalke described the Coast thereabouts and could name Placentia of the New-found-land they spake diuers Christian words and seemed to vnderstand much more then we for want of Language could comprehend These people are in colour swart their haire long vp tyed with a knot in the part of behind the head They paint their bodies which are strong and well proportioned These much desired our longer stay but finding our selues short of our purposed place we set saile Westwards leauing them and their Coast. About sixteene leagues South-west from thence wee perceiued in that course two small Ilands the one lying Eastward from Sauage Rock the other to the Southwards of it the Coast we left was full of goodly Woods faire Plaines with little greene round Hils aboue the Cliffes appearing vnto vs which are indifferently raised but all Rockie and of shining stones which might haue perswaded vs a longer stay there The fifteenth day we ●ad againe sight of the Land which made a head being as wee thought an Iland by reason of a large sound that appeared Westward betweene it and the Mayne for comming ●o the Well end thereof we did perceiue a large opening we called it Shole-hope Neere this Cape we came to Anchor in fifteene fadome where wee tooke great store of Cod-fish for which we alt●red the name and called it Cape Cod. Here wee saw sculs of Herrings Mackerels and other small 〈◊〉 in great abundance This is a low sandie shoare but without danger also wee came to Anchor againe in sixteene fadome faire by the Land in the latitude of 42. degrees This

some fortie or fiftie men These as also Apamatuck Irrohatocke and Powhatan are their great Kings chiefe Alliance and inhabitance The rest as they report his Conquests Before we come to the third Riuer that falleth from the Mountaines there is another Riuer some thirtie miles nauigable that commeth from the In-land the Riuer is called Payankatanke the Inhabitants are about some fortie seruiceable men The third nauigable Riuer is called Toppahanock This is nauigable some one hundred and thirtie miles At the top of it inhabit the people called Mannahoackes amongst the Mountaines but they are aboue the place we describe Vpon this Riuer on the North side are seated a people called Cuttatowomen with thirtie fighting men Higher on the Riuer are the Moraughtacunds with eightie able men Beyond them Toppahanocke with one hundred men Farre aboue is another Cuttatawomen with twentie men On the South farre within the Riuer is Nautaughtacund hauing one hundred and fiftie men This Riuer also as the two former is replenished with fish and fowle The fourth Riuer is called Patawomeke and is sixe or seuen miles in breadth It is nauigable one hundred and fortie miles and fed as the rest with many sweet Riuers and Springs which fall from the bordering Hils These Hils many of them are planted and yeeld no lesse plentie and varietie of fruit then the Riuer exceedeth with abundance of fish This Riuer is inhabited on both sides First on the South side at the very entrance is Wighcocomoco and hath some one hundred and thirtie men beyond them Sekacawone with thirtie The Onawmanient with one hundred Then Patawomeke with one hundred and sixtie able men Here doth the Riuer diuide it selfe in to three or foure conuenient Riuers The greatest of the least is called Quiyough trendeth Northwest but the Riuer itselfe turneth North-east and is still a nauigable streame On the Westerne side of this bought is Tauxenent with fortie men On the North of this Riuer is Secowocomoco with fortie men Some what further Potapaco with twentie In the East part of the bought of the Riuer is Pamacacack with sixtie men After Moyowances with one hundred And lastly Nacotchtanke with eightie able men The Riuer tenne miles aboue this place maketh his passage downe a low pleasant Vally ouer-shadowed in many places with high Rockie Mountaines from whence distill innumerable sweet and pleasant Springs The fift Riuer is called Pawtuxunt and is of a lesse proportion then the rest but the channell is sixteene or eighteene fadome deepe in some places Here are infinite skuls of diuers kinds of fish more then elsewhere Vpon this Riuer dwell the people called Acquintanacksuak Pawtuxunt and Mattapaxient Two hundred men was the greatest strength that could be there perceiued But they inhabit together and not so dispersed as the rest These of all other were found the most ciuill to giue entertainment Thirtie leagues Northward is a Riuer not inhabited yet nauigable for the red Earth or Clay resembling Bole Armoniack the English called it Bolus At the end of the Bay where it is sixe or seuen miles in breadth there fall into it foure small Riuers three of them issuing from diuers bogges inuironed with high Mountaines There is one that commeth due North three or foure dayes iourney from the head of the Bay and fals from Rockes and Mountaines vpon this Riuer inhabit a people called Sasquesahanocke They are seated two dayes higher then was passage for the Discouerers Barge which was hardly two tunnes and had in it but twelue men to performe this Discouery wherein they lay aboue the space of twelue weekes vpon those great waters in those vnknowne Countries hauing nothing but a little Meale or Oat-meale and water to feed them and scarce halfe sufficient of that for halfe that time but that by the Sauages and by the plenty of fish they found in all places they made themselues prouision as opportunity serued yet had they not a Mariner or any that had skill to trimme their Sayles vse their Oares or any businesse belonging to the Barge but two or three The rest being Gentlemen or as ignorant in such toyle and labour yet necessitie in a short time by their Captaines diligence and example taught them to become so perfect that what they did by such small meanes I leaue to the censure of the Reader to iudge by this Discourse and the annexed Map But to proceed sixtie of those Sasquesahanocks came to the Discouerers with Skinnes Bowes Arrowes Targets Beades Swords and Tobacco-pipes for Presents Such great and well proportioned men are seldome seene for they seemed like Giants to the English yea and to the Neighbours yet seemed of an honest and simple disposition with much adoe restrained from adoring the Discouerers as Gods Those are the most strange people of all those Countries both in Language and Attire for their Language it may well beseeme their proportions founding from them as it were a great voyce in a Vault or Caue as an Eccho Their Attire is the Skinnes of Beares and Woolues some haue Cassacks made of Beares heads and Skinnes that a mans necke goes through the Skinnes necke and the Eares of the Beare fastned to his shoulders behind the Nose and Teeth hanging downe his breast and at the end of the Nose hung a Beares Pawe the halfe sleeues comming to the elbowes were the neckes of the Beares and the armes through the mouth with pawes hanging at their Noses One had the head of a Woolfe hanging in a Chaine for a Iewell his Tobacco-pipe three quarters of a yard long prettily carued with a Bird a Beare a Deere or some such deuice at the great end sufficient to beate out the braines of a man with Bowes and Arrowes and Clubs sutable to their greatnesse and conditions These are scarce knowne to Powhatan They can make neere sixe hundred able and mightie men and are pallisadoed in their Townes to defend them from the Massawomckes their mortall enemies Fiue of their chiefe Werowanccs came aboord the Discouerers and crossed the Bay in their Barge The Picture of the greatest of them is signified in the Mappe The calfe of whose legge was three quarters of a yard about and all the rest of his limbes so answerable to that proportion that hee seemed the goodliest man that euer wee beheld His haire the one side was long the other shorne close with a ridge ouer his crowne like a Cockes Combe His Arrowes were fiue quarters long headed with flints or spinters of stones in forme like a Heart an inch broad and an inch and a halfe or more long These hee wore in a Woolues Skinne at his backe for his Quiuer his Bow in the one hand and his Clubbe in the other as is described On the East side the Bay is the Riuer of Tockwhogh and vpon it a people that can make one hundred men seated some seuen miles within the Riuer where they haue a Fort very well

what they had Whereas if wee had taken reuenge then by their losse wee should haue lost our selues We searched all the Countries of Youghtanund and Mattapamient where the people imparted that little they had with such complaints and teares from women and children as hee had beene too cruell to bee a Christian that would not haue beene satisfied and moued with compassion But this happened in October Nouember and December when that vnhappy discouerie of Monacan was made wee might haue fraughted a Ship of fortie Tunnes and twice as much might haue beene had from the Riuers of Toppahannock Patawomeck and Pawtuxunt The maine occasion of our temporizing with the Sauages was to part friendes as wee did to giue the lesse cause of suspition to Powhatan to flye by whom wee now returned with a purpose to haue surprised him and his prouision for effecting whereof when wee came against the Towne the President sent Master Wissin and Master Coe a shoare to discouer and make way for his intended proiect But they found that those damned Dutchmen had caused Powhatan to abandon his new house and Werawocomoco and to carrie away all his Corne and prouision and the people they found by their meanes so ill affected that had they not stood well vpon their guard they had hardly escaped with their liues So the President finding his intention thus frustrated and that there was nothing now to bee had and therefore an vnfit time to reuenge their abuses held on the course for Iames Towne wee hauing in this iourney for fiue and twentie pound of Copper fiftie pound of Iron and Beades kept fortie men sixe weekes and daily feasted with Bread Corne Flesh Fish and Fowle euery man hauing for his reward and in consideration of his commodities a months prouision no trade being allowed but for the store and wee deliuered at Iames Towne to the Cape-Merchant two hundred seuentie nine bushels of Corne. VVHen the ships departed all the prouision of store but that the President had gotten was so rotten with the last Summers Raine and eaten with Rats and Wormes as the Hogges would scarcely eate it yet it was the Souldiers Diet till our returnes so that we found nothing done but victuall spent and the most part of our Tooles and a good part of our Armes conueyed to the Sauages But now casting vp the store and finding sufficient till the next Haruest the feare of staruing was abandoned and the Company diuided into tennes fifteenes or as the busines required foure houres each day was spent in work the rest in pastimes and merrie exercise The Dutchmens Consorts so closely still conuaid Powder Shot Swords and Tooles that though wee could find the defect we could not find by whom it was occasioned till it was too late All this time the Dutchmen remayning with Powhatan receiued them instructing the Sauages their vse But their Consorts not following them as they expected to know the cause they sent Francis their companion a stout young fellow diguised Sauage like to the Glasse-house a place in the Woods neere a mile from Iames Towne where was the randeuoze for all their vnsuspected villany fortie men they procured of Powhatan to lie in Ambuscadoe for Captaine Smith who no sooner heard of this Dutchman but he sent to apprehend him who found he was gone yet to crosse his returne to Powhatan Captaine Smith presently dispatched twenty shot after him and then returning but from the Glasse-house alone he incountred the King of Paspaheigh a most strong stout Sauage whose perswasions not being able to perswade him to his ambush seeing him only armed but with a Fauchion attempted to haue shot him but the President preuented his shot by grapling with him and the Sauage as well preuented him for drawing his Fauchion and perforce bore him into the Riuer to haue drowned him long they struggled in the water from whence the King perceiuing two of the Poles vpon the sands would haue fled but the President held him by the haire and throat till the Poles came in then seeing how pittifully the poore Saluage begged his life they conducted him prisoner to the Fort. The Dutchman ere long was also brought in whose Villany though all this time it was suspected yet he fained such a formall excuse that for want of Language Winne had not rightly vnderstood them and for their dealings with Powhatan that to saue their liues they were constrained to accomodate his armes of whom he extremely complained to haue detained them perforce and that hee made this escape with the hazard of his life and meant not to haue returned but only walked in the woods to gather Walnuts yet for all this faire Tale there was so small appearance of truth hee went by the heeles the King also he put fetters purposing to regaine the Dutchmen by the sauing his life the poore Sauage did his best by his daily Messengers to Powhatan but all returned that the Dutchmen would not returne neither did Powhatan stay them and to bring them fiftie miles on their backes they were not able Daily this Kings Wiues children and people came to visit him with Presents which he liberally bestowed to make his peace much trust they had in the Presidents promise but the King finding his Guard negligent though fettered yet escaped Captaine Winne thinking to pursue him found such troupes of Sauages to hinder his passages as they exchanged many volies of shot for flight of Arrowes Captaine Smith hearing of this in returning to the Fort tooke two Sauages Prisoners the one called Kemps the other Kinsock the two most exact Villaines in the Countrey with those Captaine Winne and fiftie chosen men attempted that night to haue regained the King and reuenged his iniurie and so had doue if he had followed his directions or beene aduised by those two Villaines that would haue betrayed both their King and Kindred for a piece of Copper but hee trifling away the night the Sauages the next morning by the rising of the Sunne braued him to come ashore to fight a good time both sides let flie at other but we heard of no hurt only they tooke two Canoaes burnt the Kings House and so returned The President fearing those brauadoes would but incourage the Sauages begunne himselfe to trie his conclusions whereby sixe or seuen Sauages were slaine as many made Prisoners burnt their Houses tooke their Boats with all their fishing weares and planted them at Iames Towne for his owne vse and now resolued not to ceasse till hee had reuenged himselfe vpon all that had iniured him but in his iourney passing by Paspaheigh towards Chickahamina the Sauages did their best to draw him to their Ambuscadoes but seeing him regardlesly passe their Countrey all shewed themselues in their brauest manner to try their valours he could not but flie and ere hee could land the Sauages no sooner knew him but they threw downe their Armes and desired Peace their Orator was a

Souldiers 40. Mariners 19. great Peeces and all the rest S. Gabriel of the Port of 280. tuns 50. Souldiers 25. Mariners 9. great Peeces and the rest of their furniture The Esay is fraughted of the same There are in this Squadron 23. Hulkes which are of 10271. tuns in the which are imbarked 3221. men of Warre 708. Mariners 410. great peeces and their necessary prouision The Captaine of our Lord of Pilier of Zaragosse of 300. tunnes 120. Souldiers 50. Mariners 12. great Peeces and their furniture The English Charity of 180. tuns 80. Souldiers 36. Mariners 12. great Peeces and the rest The Scottish S. Andrew of 150. tuns 51. Souldiers 30. Mariners 12. great Peeces and their furniture The Patache of the Crucifix 150. tuns 50. Souldiers 30. Mariners 8. great Peeces and their furniture Our Lord of the Hauen fraught alike The Conception of Carassa and our Lord of Begoua and the Conception de Capitillo and S. Hioros being of the burthen of 60. or 70. tuns 50. Souldiers 30. Mariners 8. great Peeces a Peece and their furniture Our Lady of grace the Conception of Frauncys Lastero our Lady of Guadalupe S. Frauncys the Holy Spirit our Lady of Frenesda all fraughted alike The Zabra of the Trinitie the Zabra of our Lady Castre S. Andrew the Conception of Zomartiba S. Clere S. Iohn of Carassa and the Assumption all fraughted alike There are in this Squadron 22. Pataches and Zabres which are of the burthen of 113. tuns in the which there are imbarked 479. Souldiers 574. Mariners and ther● is 193. great Peeces and all their furniture THe Galeace the Captaine called S. Lawrence hath 270. Souldiers 130. Mariners 300. Slaues 50. Peeces of Canon and their furniture The Galeace Patrone 180. Souldiers 112. Mariners 300. Slaues 50. great Peeces and their furniture The Galeace G●rone 170. Souldiers 120. Mariners 300. Slaues 50. great Peeces The Galeace Neapolitaine 124. Souldiers 115. Mariners 300. Slaues 50. great Peeces and the rest of their necessary fraught There are in these foure Galeaces 873. Souldiers 468. Mariners 200. great Peeces 1200. Slaues and the rest of their furniture The Gally Captaine 110. Souldiers 106. Mariners 306. Slaues and fiftie great Peeces and other necessaries The Gally Princesse the Gally Diana the Gally Vaca●a are the like In the aboue named Galeaces there are 1200. Slaues and in the foure gallies 888. which is in all 2088. Moreouer they carry powder for their need if it be offered to doe battery 600. Quintals So that there are in the said Army 130. Ships of 57868. tuns 19295. Souldiers and 8450. Mariners 2088. Slaues and 2630. great Peeces of Brasse of all sorts among which there are Coleurines and de my Coleurines and Canons to the Stone and other necessaries for their fraught In the Booke follow the names of the Aduenturers also of such as in the Army were entertained for pay such also as were imbarked for the seruice of the Canon for the Hospitall the R●giments and Companies in pay the Officers c. which for breuitie I●●it The Galeons were sixtie foure in number being of an huge bignesse and verie stately built being of marueilous force also and so high that they resembled great Castles most fit 〈◊〉 defend themselues and to withstand any assault but in giuing any other Ships the encounter farre inferiour vnto the English and Dutch Ships which can with great dexteritie weild turne themselues at all ass 〈…〉 The vpper worke of the said Galeons was of thicknesse and strength sufficient to beare off Musket-shot The lower worke and the timbers thereof were out of measure strong being framed for plankes and ribs foure or fiue foot in thicknesse insomuch that no bullets could pierce them but such as were discharged hard at hand which afterward proued true for a great number of bullets were found to sticke fast within the massie substance of those thicke plankes Great and well pitched Cables were twined about the masts of their Ships to strengthen them against the battery of shot The Galliasses were of such bignesse that they contained within them Chambers Chappels Turrets Pulpits and other commodities of great houses The Galliasses were rowed with great Oares there being in each of them 300. slaues for the same purpose and were able to ●ot great seruice with the force of their Ordnance All these together with the residue 〈◊〉 were furnished and beautified with Trumpets Streamers Banners warlike Ensignes and other such like ornaments Their Pieces of Brasen Ordnance were 1600. and of 〈◊〉 1000. The Bullets there to belonging were 120. thousand Item of Gunpowder 5600. quintals Of Match 1200. quintals Of Muskets and Kal●●uers 7000. Of Halberts and Partisans 10000. Moreouer they had great store of Canons double Canons Culuerings and field-pieces for land seruice Likewise they were prouided of all instruments necessary on Land to conueigh and transport their furniture from place to place as namely of Carbs Wheeles Wagons c. Also they had Spades Mattocks and Baskets to set pioners on worke They had in like sort great store of Mules and Horses and whatsoeuer else was requisite for a Land-armie They were so well stored of Biscuit that for the space of halfe a yeere they might allow each person in the whole Fleete halfe a quintall euery moneth whereof the whole 〈◊〉 amounteth vnto an hundreth thousand quintals Likewise of Wine they had 147. thousand Pipes sufficient also for halfe a yeeres expedition Of Bacon 6500. quintals Of Cheese three thousand quintals Besides Fish Rice Beanes Pease Oyle Vinegar c. Moreouer they had 12000. Pipes of fresh water and all other necessarie prouision as namely Candies Lanternes Lampes Sa●les Hempe Oxe-hides and Lead to stop holes that should be made with the batterie of Gun●hot To be short they brought all things expedient either for a Fleete by Sea or for an A●●ie by land This Name as Diego Pimentelli afterward confessed was esteemed by the King himselfe to containe 32000. persons and to cost him euery day 30. thousand Ducates There were in the said Nauie fiue Terzaes of Spaniards which Terzaes the Frenchmen call Regiments vnder the command of fiue Gouernours tearmed by the Spaniards Masters of the field and amongst the rest there were many old and expert Souldiers chosen out of the Garrisons of Sicilie Naples and Terçera Their Captaines or Colonels were Diego Pimentelli Don Francisco de Toledo Don Alonzo de Lucon Don Nicolas de Isla Don Augustin de Mexia who had each of them two and thirty Companies vnder their conduct Besides the which Companies there were many bands also of Castilians and Portugals euery one of which had their peculiar Gouernours Captaines Officers Colours and weapons It was not lawfull for any man vnder grieuous penaltie to carry any woman or harlots in the Fleete for which cause the women hired certaine Ships wherein they sailed after the Nauie some of the which being driuen by tempest arriued vpon

water it was not able to bee held and therefore vpon the discouery of our Boates they of the high Towne should make a signall by fire from thence that all the low Towne might make their retreat thither but they whether troubled with the sudden terror we brought vpon them or forgetting their decree omitted the fire which made them guard that place till we were entred on euery side Then the Towne being entred in three seuerall places with an huge cry the Inhabitants betooke them to the high Towne which they might with lesse perill doe for that ours being strangers there knew not the way to cut them off The rest that were not put to the sword in f●rie fled to the Rocks in the Iland others hid themselues in Chambers and Sellers which were euery day found in great numbers Amongst those Don Iuun de Luna a man of very good commandement hauing hidden himselfe in a house did the next morning yeeld himselfe There was also taken that night a Commissarie of victuals called Iuan de Vera who confessed that there were in the Groine at our entrie fiue hundred Souldiers being in seuen Companies which returned very weake as appeareth by the small numbers of them from the iourney of England The rest falling into the hands of the common Souldiers bad their throats cut to the number of fiue hundred as I coniecture first and last after wee had entred the Towne and in the entry thereof there was found euerie Seller full of Wine whereon our men by inordinate drinking both grew themselues for the present senslesse of the danger of the shot of the Town which hurt many of them being drunk and tooke the first ground of their sicknesse for of such was our first and chiefest mortalitie There was also abundant store of Victualls Salt and all kind of prouision for shipping and the warre which was confessed by the said Commissary of Victualls taken there to be the beginning of a Magasin of all sorts of prouision for a new Voyage into England whereby you may coniecture what the spoile thereof hath aduantaged vs and preiudiced the King of Spaine The next morning about eight of the clocke the enemies abandoned their Ships And hauing ouercharched the Artillery of the Gallion left her on fire which burnt in terrible sort two daies together the fire and ouercharging of the Peeces being so great as of fiftie that were in her there were not aboue sixteene taken out whole the rest with ouercharge of the powder being broken and molten with heat of the fire were taken out in broken pieces into diuers Ships The same day was the Cloister of the South side of the Towne entred by vs which ioyned verie neere to the wall of the Town out of the chambers and other places whereof we beat into the same with our Musketiers The next day in the afternoone there came downe some two thousand men gathered together out of the Countrey euen to the gates of the Towne as resolutely led by what spirit I know not as though they would haue entred the same but at the first defence made by ours that had the guard there wherein were slaine about eighteene of theirs they tooke them to their heeles in the same disorder they made their approach and with greater speed then ours were able to follow notwithstanding wee followed after them more then a mile The second day Colonell Huntley was sent into the Countrey with three or foure hundred men who brought home very great store of Kine and Sheepe for our reliefe The third day in the night the Generall had in purpose to take a long Munition-house builded vpon their wall opening towardes vs which would haue giuen great aduantage against them but they knowing the commodity thereof for vs burnt it in the beginning of the euening which put him to a new councell for he had likewise brought some Artillery to that side of the Town During this time there happened a very great fire in the lower end of the Towne which had it not bin by the care of the Generals heedily seene vnto and the fury thereof preuented by pulling downe many houses which were most in danger as next vnto them had burnt all the prouisions we found there to our wonderfull hinderance The fourth day were planted vnder the guard of the Cloisters two Demy-canons and two Coluerings against the Towne defended or gabbioned with a crosse wall thorow which our battery lay the first and second tire whereof shooke all the wall down so as all the Ordnance lay open to the Enemy by reason wherof some of the Canoniers were shot and some slaine The Lieutenant also of the Ordnance M. Spencer was slaine fast by Sir Edward Norris Master thereof whose valour being accompanied with an honourable care of defending that trust committed vnto him neuer left that place till he receiued direction from the Generall his brother to cease the battery which he presently did leauing a guard vpon the same for that day and in the night following made so good defence for the place of the battery as after there were very few or none annoyed therein That day Captaine Goodwin had in commandement from the Generall that when the assault should be giuen to the Towne he should make a proffer of an Escalade on the other side where he held his guard but he mistaking the signall that would haue beene giuen attempted the same long before the assault and was shot in the mouth The same day the Generall hauing planted his Ordnance ready to batter caused the Towne to be summoned in which summons they of the Towne shot at our Drum immediately after that there was one hanged ouer the wall and a parle desired wherein they gaue vs to vnderstand that the man hanged was hee that shot at the Drum before wherein they all intreated to haue faire wars with promise of the same on their parts The rest of the parle was spent in talking of Don Iuan de Luna and some other prisoners and somewhat of the rendring of the Towne but not much for they listned not greatly thereunto Generall Norris hauing by his skilfull view of the Towne which is almost all seated vpon a Rocke found one place thereof mineable did presently set workemen in hand withall who after three daies labour and the seuenth after we were entred the base Towne had bedded their Powder but indeed not farre enough into the wall Against which time the breach made by the Canon being thought assaultable and Companies appointed as well to enter the same as that which was expected should be blowne vp by the Mine namely to that of the Canon Captaine Richard Wingfield and Captaine Philpot who led the Generalls Foot-company with whom also Captaine Yorke went whose principall commandement was ouer the Horse-men And to that of the Mine Captaine Iohn Sampson and Captaine Anthony Wingfield Lieutenant Colonell to the Master of the Ordnance with certaine selected

the entrance of the Channell wee began of all hands to fall a sounding for ground and the next day found it though indeed by that sounding I saw few the wiser or the more assured of the Coast. For it was the Banke of S●●ey● but none could say so nor then so iudge it but onely the Master of our Ship whose name was Broadbaut a carefull man and a right good Marriner For in the Generals ship they were all of a contrary opinion and according to their Errour shaped their course with straight commandement giuen to vs and to the rest that were in his traine to follow his Light and course The which we did very diligently my selfe indeed being most in fault for it For the Master was Ioath so to doe but that I vrged our dutie to the Generals commandement and our danger in breaking it by former experience And therefore I watched and stood by the Helme and Bitackle most part of that night to see it performed though with much repining of the Master and his Mates against this dangerous Course as they tearme it This sounding of ours so much in practice and yet many times bringing no great certainty withall makes me now call to minde an odde conceit and speech of a Spanish Prisoner which the Generall gaue me in this Iourney but neuer yeelded me other Ransome then some faire promises and smooth discourses For hee after consened or bribed his keeper a Captaine of a Pinnace to whom I had committed him in charge and very cleanely conueyed himselfe away without euer bidding me farewell Howbeit ●thers found better fruites of their Prisoners which the Generall gaue vnto them This Spaniard of mine was a Gentleman and a Souldier but had of late yeeres traded the West Indies by way of Merchandize With whom I one day talking and discoursing of their Voyages and Nauigations wherein hee was very well experienced amongst other things hee told me that in their Nauigation from the Indies they sought out Spaine in a more certaine and gallant manner then wee did England For said he wee seeke out our Coast aloft with our Eyes by the Heauens by the Sunne and Starres and with the vse of Art and Instruments which seldome or neuer fayles But you said he that seeke for England when you are to runne into narrow Seas are as I heare say inforced for your surest Directions like men blindfold to search vnder the water and to scrape with Lead and Tallow to the bottome for Bankes Sands and Shelues as if you would rake Hell for instructions to finde out the Channell which you call the Sleeue and yet for all your soundings are oftentimes mistaken I answered him againe indeed it was true that our Humilitie taught vs to goe by the ground Whereas their Pride led them to gaze aboue the Clouds and by that meanes so dazeled their Eyes as that they did often stumble vpon such men of Warre that now vsed as well to sound Spanish Pockets as the English Sleeue Whereat my Spaniard smiling and shaking his Head said hee could not well denie it hauing so lately made too true experience thereof For indeed hee was throughly rifled and ransackt of good short Wares before that euer hee came to my hands These words of his I remembred and found true vpon our soundings and the vncertaine coniectures thereof with varieties of opinions For after wee had all found ground all that Night wee held on so precisely in following our Generals light as that very earely in the Morning with the first peepe of day wee in the Wast-spight looking about found our selues on the North-side of Sylley Which when with cold comfort wee had perfectly made and perceiued with all our narrow escapes in that darke Night hard alongst the Rockes called the Bishop and his Clarkes wee began of all hands to looke out for our comforts And then wee discryed our Generall and diuers with him aduanced some three leagues before vs bearing in with all Sayles towards the Coast of Wales The morning was very close and foggie and the Generall steering North-east in stead of East and by North ranne right with the Sands of the Welch Coast on which in that darke weather hee had stricken and perished if hee had held on but a few houres longer But on the contrary although wee resclued not to lose the sight of his Lanthorne yet wee kept our selues as farre to the East as wee could and yet wee were scarce able to double Silley but fell close aboord it and a little to the North of it at the breake of day All which when I perceiued 〈◊〉 later Watch being mine and the Reare Admiral being gone to rest I did instantly com 〈…〉 the Master Gunner to shoot off a great Piece to cause them to looke about but both our 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Master Gunner were so mad at me for forcing them to follow this course as that 〈◊〉 hardly haue suffered a warning Piece to bee shot but said they deserued to taste the 〈◊〉 their owne wilfulnesse hauing brought themselues and all the Fleet cleane out of the 〈…〉 to this danger And out of very rage and discontent these men had quite forgotten all 〈◊〉 Charitie and would by no meanes haue bestowed a shot vpon them to alter them from that vnsafe course but that I vrged their Dutie and inforced them to shoot and shoot againe three or foure times one after another much against their wills Whereupon we might within a little time plainly perceiue our Admirall with all his Traine to tacke about finding their owne Errours as afterwards they confessed And therefore presently they beat it vp to double the Cape of Silley thereby to enter the Sleeue which with much adoe they performed But we in the Wast-spight being now by this time shot in alongst the North side of Cornewall almost as farre as Saint Iues our ship being extreame weake and leakie and our Drinke and Water come to the last cast at very bare allowance wee durst not againe put to the Seas in these wants and in a Vessell so ill able to beat it vp against the winde to double againe the Point of Silley whereby to recouer the Sleeue And therefore stood alongst the Coast and that night anchored before Saint Iues where wee found sundry Spanish Carauels and Flee-boates of the Spanish Fleet which was set out vnder the Adelantado to haue incountred vs at our returne from the Ilands but were all dispersed and tossed with the same Storme that before had scattered vs which fell out very happily For if wee had met wee must haue tryed the Battell chiefely by Boording or else trusted to our Sayles for that our best and greatest Ordnance for the ease of our Ships in these stormes were stricken downe vnder hold So that wee should haue found great disaduantage to haue incountred with a Nauie comming strong and fresh from the Maine and wee tired and scattered a sunder with a long and painfull