the pains to be a good Muskettier certainly cannot be idle but hath gained something more to make him capable of such praise To conclude I shall desire the Gentlemen of the Pikes and the Gentlemen of the Muskettiers to go hand in hand in love like dear Brothers and neither of them to envy each other and in so doing God will give a blessing to their undertakings But now fearing I have dwelt too long upon this discourse of the Arms I shall next proceed to set down first the postures of the Pike then the postures of the Musket with all the words of command tending to their Motions after collect them in order in a brief way and then set forth unto you the equality of number that the one Arms hath with the other in the postures as followeth CHAP. III. The Postures of the Pike THE Pike lying on the ground the first word of Command will be Stand to your Arms. Handle your Pike to your Open Order Handle your Pike to your Order Raise up your Pike to your Close Order Charge with the But-end of the Pike at the inside of the right foot your Pike in the left hand drawing your Sword over your left arm Charge to the Front Right Flank Left Flank Reer Order your Pikes and put up your Swords This way of charging to the Horse I have set down as being practised sometimes amongst us in our private Meetings but I conceive it to be of little use to receive a desperate charge of the Horse for by these charges the Souldiers are in so lame and weak a posture that the Horse cannot choose if they come on with a full career but beat the Pikes and Pike-men down to the ground Therefore in my opinion the best way of opposing the Horse-charge is that which we learned of our ever-honoured Captain Major Henry Tillier in the Military Garden which was Files closing to the midst to their closest Order insomuch that there was not above half a foot interval of ground between File and File the Pikes Porting and after closing their Ranks forwards so close that they locked themselves one within another and then charged on Which in my judgment is so secure a way from routing that it is impossible for any Body of Horse to enter therein and farther to my best remembrance I never could meet with any Souldier that hath been a broad upon any service that ever saw any charging of the Pikes at the Foot therefore I will further proceed From Order Advance Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Order as you were From your Order charge to the Front Right Left Reer Order as you were Advance your Pike Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Advance as you were From your Advance charge to the Front Right Left Reer Advance as you were Shoulder your Pike Port Comport Cheek Trail Your Pike Shoulder as you were From the Shoulder charge to the Front Right Left Reer Shoulder as you were Port your Pikes Comport your Pikes Cheek Trail your pikes Comp. as you were From the Comport charge to the Front Right Left Reer comport as you were Cheek your Pikes Trail your Pikes Cheek as you were From the Cheek charge to the Front Right Left Reer Cheek as you were Trail your Pikes from your Trail charge to the Front Right Left Reer Trail as you were Order your Pikes Lay down your Pikes Here is to be observed by this Method an endeavouring to perform all the postures of the Pike from each particular posture only shortning it by degrees leaving out what was before commanded until we come unto the Trial. Yet notwithstanding I spared not the charges but have shewn them from every posture in their due order Next followeth the postures of the Musket wherein in answerableness to the Pike I shall lay them down in full and afterwards contract them in a shorter way CHAP. IV. The Postures of the Musket THE Musket lying on the ground the first word of Command will be as to the Pike Stand to your Arms Take up your Bandiliers Put on your Bandiliers Take up your Match Place your Match Take up your Rest Put the string of your Rest about your left wrist Take up your Musket Rest your Musket Here the Souldier may perform the saluting posture if he shall find any occasion so to do for the honouring of a friend or any Gentleman of worth Poyse your Musket Shoulder your Musket Un-shoulder your Musket and Poyse Joyn your Rest to the outside of your Musket Open your pan Cleer your pan Prime your pan Shut your pan Cast off your loose corns Blow off your loose corns and bring about your Musket to the left side Trail your Rest Ballance your Musket in your left hand Find out your charge Open your charge Charge with powder Draw forth your Scouring-stick Turn and shorten him to an Inch Charge with Bullet Put your scouring-stick into your musket Ram home your charge With-draw your scouring-stick Turn and shorten him to a handful Return your scouring-stick Bring forward your Musket and Rest Poyse your Musket recover your Rest Joyn your Rest to the outside of your Musket Draw forth your Match Blow your Coal Cock Your Match Fit Your Match Guard your Pan Blow the ashes from your Coal Open your Pan Present upon your Rest Give fire brest-high Dismount your Musket joyning the Rest to the outside of your Musket Vn-cock and return your Match Cleer Your Pan Shut Your Pan Poyse Your Musket Rest Your Musket Take your Musket off the Rest and set the Butt-end to the ground Lay down your Musket Lay down your Match Take your Rest into your right hand cleering the string from your left wrist Lay down your Rest Take off Your Bandiliers Lay down Your Bandiliers Here endeth the postures of the Musket from the taking of them up from the ground to make ready and the proceeding in them to the laying of them down again Now if the Souldier will take his Rest into his right hand for to be a support and help to him in his march he must observe the following words of command Lay your right hand upon the Butt-end of your musket The Musket being shouldered you may proceed in these words of command to recover the Rest into the right hand Lay your left arm over your musket Shift your match between the fingers of your right hand Take your Rest into your right hand cleering the string from your left wrist Return your match and take your Rest into your right hand 't will cause you to be in a fit capacity for to march CHAP. V. The Postures and Charges of the Pike to be performed in a shorter way all things acted in order and nothing done twice THE Pike lying on the ground the first word of Command will be Stand to your Arms Handle your Arms Raise up your Pikes to your Open Order Order Close Order From your close Order charge to the Horse Front Right
Left Reer Recover your Pikes and put up your Swords Advance your Pikes Charge to the Front Port your Pikes Charge to the Front Shoulder your Pikes Charge to the right Comport your Pikes Charge to the left Cheeke your Pikes Charge to the Reer Trail your Pikes Charge to the Reer After lay the narrow end of the Pike to the ground face about to the left to your first Front and move forward with the butt-end of your Pike on your right side in your Funeral posture After face about to the right raise up your Pike face then again to your first Front you may lay down the Pike to the ground and march from your arms having ended all the postures charges in their due courses And here Fellow-Souldier whoever thou art thou maist perceive that there are no more then eight Postures of the Pike and four Charges that is to say to the Front Reer and both Flanks There are some would fain have another posture added to these which they call the Lazie posture which somtimes I have perceived upon a Stand that then the Pike-man le ts slip his Pike from the shoulder until the butt-end rest upon the ground then laying his right arm over it he stands in an ill-favour'd lazie way Such postures as these are not fit to be ranged among the former but rather to be condemned in regard the Souldier will be apt enough to find out such postures as these of himself if not prevented by the discretion of the careful Officers for upon a Stand the Souldiers properest posture is to Order his Pike And thus much in brief concerning the postures of the Pike CHAP. VI. The Postures of the Musket collected in a brief way ACcording to my former promise I shall endeavour to give the best satisfaction I can to the Muskettiers as well as to the Pikes that there is an answerableness of number in the proper postures of the Musket to them of the Pike and they are eight as I conceive and may be proceeded on in order from the taking up to the laying down of the Musket and nothing acted twice The words of Command for the postures followeth Stand to your Arms Handle your Arms. Now you are to take notice that in taking up the Bandiliers putting them on taking up the Rest putting the string about the left wrist the taking up of the match placing of it the taking up of the musket these or the like are no postures but motions to the first posture Therefore I will proceed upon them all in order as they lie leaving out the words of command tending to the Motions 1 Order your musket 2 Rest your musket 3 Poyse your musket 4 Shoulder your musket 5 Ballance your musket and Rest on the right side with the barrel upwards 6 Trail your Rest and ballance your musket on the left side with the barrel downwards 7 Recover your musket and perform your Sentinel-posture 8 From this perform your funeral-posture This being ended a man may recover his musket and rest that knows how to perform this last posture without bringing him again upon the Rest and may lay down his Arms again observing the former Rule where the postures of the musket are set down at large CHAP. VII There is also a conformity of Posture with the Musket to those of the Pike and Words of Command to be given as may in many things be received by both Arms. THe musket and pike lying on the ground these words of Command may properly be imployed to both That is to say Stand to your Arms Handle your Armes The butt-end of the musket standing or resting on the ground at the outside of right foot is conformable to the Pike ordered The musket poysed to the pike advanced The musket shouldered to the Pike shouldered The musket porting to the pike porting The musket reverst as in the funeral-posture to the Pike trailing The musket rested to the pike cheeked which is his proper sentinel-posture The musket presented to the pike charged As for the motions of posture which conduce to the lading and priming of the musket as to cast about trail recover and the like they are all included in that general word of Command properly to the muskettiers belonging which is to make ready Now methinks I hear some ingenious Souldier begin to ask me What are the use of these postures so fully laid down by you To whom I shall be so courteous as to satisfie them according to my former Method beginning with the Pike as followeth CHAP. VIII The use of the Postures of the Pike The use of Ordering the Pike THe Pike being ordered is the proper posture of a Souldier upon a stand which he ought ever to mind upon any such occasion so to make use of it And I have likewise seen in many places in the day-time this posture to be used by the Souldier standing sentinel The use of Advanceing the Pike The Pike advanced is useful for the Souldier upon a Troop when they are to march swiftly either for the relieving of some Court of Guard or to repair to their place of Randezvous or upon some sudden approaching to an Enemy to make a Charge for then he will be in a fit capacity to clap down quickly his pike upon the breast of the Enemy It is likewise very useful in the time of exercise to the half-files and bringers up upon any doubling to the Front for then they are always to be advanced in respect of a longer march in their doublings then those that double ranks and files but having doubled they must always conform in posture to the part doubled The use of Porting The use of Porting was invented for the ease of the reer half-files upon a charge for the front half-files are only for to charge the reer half-files in the mean time are to port It is likewise very useful at such times when the souldiers are marching through a gate or sally-port from whence I conceive it doth derive its name porting The use of Shouldering The use of shouldering the pike is only properest upon the march in some kind very useful upon a stand in time of Fight provided they are at convenient distance from the Enemy For it much preserveth the pikes and pike-men from the danger of the shot the bullets then gliding off from their Arms which if they stood at such times either ordered or advanced the bullets would make such a clattering amongst the Pikes that what with breaking of them and the shivers flying from them may much endanger the souldiers which carry them The use of Comporting The comporting of the Pike is only useful to the souldier marching up a hill for if then he should be shouldered the butt-end of the Pike would always be touching of the ground to hinder him in his march and much endanger his fellow-souldiers that shall come after him Neither can he march advanced for if there should be any
wind it would be ready to blow him down Therefore as above that which is most commodious for the souldiers marching up a hill is to comport his pike The use of Trailing The Trailing of the Pike is seldom used but when the souldier shall march straight forward through a Wood the File-leader before he enters in trails his pike and consequently all the rest in his file then stooping down they take up the butt-end of their leaders pikes which they may easily gripe with their own in their right hands and after march forward through the busling leaves in a straight line every file single by himself but as neer each other as possible they can march for more security sake that when they are clear they may find each other and be in a condition to rally up again as occasion shall require The trailing of the Pike may also be of excellent use in a Trench that at such time when they shall have intelligence where the Enemy are preparing to make a breach they may then move forwards unto that place undiscovered and may defend the same The use of Cheeking The cheeking of the Pike is the proper sentinel-posture and then to be used CHAP. IX The use of the Postures of the Musket I Conceive it will not be material to go over every posture of the musket to describe the use of them in respect the greater part of them have conformity to the Pike Those that shall remain and of the chiefest consequence I shall not be wanting to satisfie the souldier in The ballancing the musket and rest on the right side The use of ballancing the Musket on the right side with the barrel upward is one of the chiefest postures belonging to the musket from thence he begins to make ready as to open clear and prime the pan all being motions to this posture To traile the rest and ballance the musket on the left side with the barrel downward is a posture likewise of as great consequence The use of ballancing the Musket on the left side for there are several motions belonging also to this posture as to find out the charge to open it to charge with powder to take bullet out of the bag and to charge with bullet with divers other motions before you can recover your musket and rest again How a Muskettier shall perform the Sentinel-posture THe Sentinel-posture is to be performed after this manner first the musket is to be laded with powder and bullet afterwards he is to cock his match and to stand with his pan guarded his musket being upon his rest until such time he is relieved but as concerning him I shall more fully set forth his duty treating upon the duty of the Sentinel CHAP. X. The manner and way to do the Funeral-posture NExt followeth to shew how to do the Funeral-posture the properest and the best way to begin this posture is when the musket is rested and is to be performed after this manner You must first slip up your musket upon the rest so high until the fork of the rest be within a handful of the cock after you must bring your right hand under the barrel of the musket close to the fork of the rest and then lift him off and after cast your Rest backward trailing him on the left side and bring your Musket under your left arm with the barrel downwards bearing the butt-end upward with your two fore-fingers and your thumb holding off the pan and that with the left hand Now if you begin to be weary in the march by reason of the weight of the musket you may to ease your self bring your right hand backward and there take hold of the musket keeping still your left hand in its first place until you shall reduce him to the Rest again The reducement of the Musket from the Funeral-posture FIrst raise up your Musket a little with your two fingers and thumbs of the left hand as you formerly held him then turn the Musket until you perceive the barrel to be upward after lay your right hand upon the barrel much about the lazie pin and then taking him bring him up forward on the out-side of the Rest recover your Rest fall back with the right legge you may with ease bring your Musket again upon the Rest as at first This posture being so seldome used makes the Souldier much to seek in performance of the same but he that takes pleasure in handling of the Musket and shall exercise himself therein cannot chuse but find it very easie and much delightful to him And I know no posture more becoming a Muskettier then this if it be near and well performed by him And here I shall conclude and end discoursing of the postures CHAP. XI The Souldiers desire to know every particular place of Dignity as they stand in Rank and File THe Souldier now having obtained some pretty knowledge skill and ready aptness in the managing and performing the postures begins to look about himself what next is needful for to fasten upon to make a further progress in this Art and straight he meets with some that whispers to him That it were a gallant thing to know the Dignity of a File true and rightly stated To which he answers But where can it be found the opinions of souldiers are so various and differing therein that none knows where for to attain it My Captains eye saith he is upon me because I do the postures well which causeth the Serjeants to make me a File-leader and that I know to be the chiefest and first place of Honour in the File the second place to be the bringer-up the third the half-file-leader the fourth the bringer-up of the Front half-files Thus far no souldier of any known judgment can deny but now a-dayes our Files being drawn up six deep makes me altogether ignorant of the honour of the rest neither know I the Dignity of a File eight or ten deep which still in some places they do retain drawing them up so deep If my ambition were but now fully satisfied herein I should in time come for to know the Dignity of the Captains as they are drawn up all in a Regiment by which Rule I am informed they walk And in my judgment there cannot be a truer stating the Dignity of a Rank and File then that which shall conform to the Dignities of the Captains as they are drawn up abrest all in a Regiment Now for as much as many Regiments consist of several numbers of Captains and Companies in them as some six Companies others eight some greater as ten and twelve Companies It is expedient therefore not only for my self but for every souldier that will be truly knowing to be resolved herein concerning those several numbers and as occasion shall alter to any other they may inform themselves by these how to fit their purpose And therefore not to keep the apt and forward souldier longer in suspence but that
right and left about Ranks ranking downward to the Reer and ranking as they were 10 Fire losing ground falling off to the right and left about just before the Front of Pikes 11 Now if the Enemy pursue eagerly and that you cannot make a safe retreat marching face all about and fire upon them by way of Extraduction or by half-ranks divided as formerly hath been shewen And thus much likewise briefly concerning Firings to the Reer Firings to the Flanks marching in the next place I shall shew some Firings to the Flanks for performance whereof it will be expedient to bring all the Muskettiers upon one of the Flanks but for order sake I will begin with the Firings from the right Flank 1 Fire to the right and gather up your Files it is to be performed after this manner The outmost File upon the right is to face to the right and to give fire and after to face to the Front and stand until the next File have fired in like manner and then the first File gathers up unto him upon the right even abrest and standing until the third File have faced to the right and fired in like manner and after facing to the Front the other Files moving up in the like way as before and following successively this rule until all have given fire and then to march up and even the Front of Pikes the Muskettiers will stand as at first when they were brought upon the right Flank 2 Fire to the right File-leaders leading up their Files next to the Pikes 3 Fire to the right Bringers-up leading away next the Pikes which being twice done reduceth them 4 Fire to the right leading up on the contrary Flank either by the File-leaders or Bringers-up 5 Fire to the right and leading up by Bringers-up between the Pikes and passing through to their places again doing the same reduceth them 6 Fire to the right and leading up between the Pikes by the Leaders and passing through the Pikes again to the right they will be as at first the like may be done to the left or in some kind to both Flanks at one and the same time 7 Fire to the right by Ranks wheeling and Ranks to rank as they were to the right upon their marching reduceth them 8. Fire to the right by Ranks inverting or filing and upon the March the Souldiers ranking reduceth them 9. Fire to the right Files filing and gathering up their Files to the left reduceth them These Firings being performed marching the next shall be upon a Stand where note you must cast all your Muskettiers upon that Flank where you conceive the Enemy will fall on whether right left or both but for order sake we usually begin with the right wherefore face to the right and proceed as followeth Firings to the right Flank upon a Stand. 1. Fire and fall in the Reer of your selves 2. Fire and flank the Pikes 3. Fire even with the Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves 4. Fire even with the Reer moving forth to the right and left by Ranks falling in the Reer of themselves 5. Fire by extraduction by half-ranks drawn forth and falling Rank after Rank in the Reer of the Pikes after to reduce them as at first cause them to double their Front by Division These Firings may as well be performed to both Flanks as to one the Body being faced accordingly which would make many Firings more but these already set down may be sufficient for any ingenious capacity to work upon for the present observing this rule that in every Firing he shall make use of in time of his Exercise he may reduce them by another which will be more pleasing to the Souldier by reason of the great variety it affords unto them Now now in the last place I know it will be expected that I should speak something of the use of Firings wherefore briefly thus Firings to the Front marching or moving when we either pursue after or approach to an Enemy Firings to the Front maintaining ground when two Bodies encounter one another Firings to the Front losing ground when either we are forced thereunto by necessity or that we do it out of policy to draw the Enemy into a train or snare Firings to the Reer marching when we are pursued by an Enemy yet would continue our March until we have gained some place of importance or advantage Firings to the Reer upon a Stand when we are compelled thereunto by the violent pursuit of an Enemy or else when we have gained a place of advantage of ground or have recovered the Wind or Sun whereby we are the better able to encounter with them Firings to the Flank or Flanks marching when we are assaulted by some Ambuscado secretly placed to hinder our passage or supposing two Armies are marching to one and the same place a River being betwixt them Firings to Flank or Flanks standing when the Enemy chargeth on with a resolution to cut off or divide part of the Army from the other Having thus briefly set down several Firings to Front Reer and both Flanks with their uses either marching or standing I hold it convenient in the next place to give some short directions in time Battail both to the Officers and their Souldiers First that the Drummers have a vigilant eye upon their Commanders whose voices are drown'd by the loud thundring of the Cannon or Muskettiers as also by the neighing of Horses or the lamentable cries of the maim'd and wounded Souldiers at which time the Leaders Staff Half-pike or what else he carries in his hand may be sufficient for to instruct them to continue their charge retreat or else to charge home Secondly that the Serjeants be careful in time of Battail that their Souldiers be at their due distance of order both in Rank and File and that upon their Firings whether they be Forlorns either of Files or Ranks drawn forth or otherwise by Divisions they see them neatly and handsomely perform'd by cocking their Matches and presenting something lower then brest-high and after Uncocking and returning them wheeling off either to the right left or both falling in the Reer of themselves or elsewhere as shall be appointed in an orderly manner whereby they may decently come up again to Fire against the Enemy Thirdly that the Souldiers present and give fire upon their Rests not using that slovenly posture of popping their Matches into the Pan their Muskets being on their left sides which is not onely hurtful unto themselves but much endangers their Fellow-souldiers and by so doing they scarce or ever do any execution against an Enemy But here I meet with an objection framed by the Souldiers after this manner Our Rests are of little or no use unto us in time of skirmishing fit they are we confess in the Military Gardens but in time of Battail both troublesome and cumbersome unto us To whom I reply what if they be a little cumbersome at first must
Hereupon it is to be supposed the Relievers are advanced toward the Main-Guard where the relieved are to be drawn off and to make a stand expecting till the Relievers shall come up which being done the relieved then are to troop homeward and after that they have attended and seen their Colours lodged they are to disband and not before And now further to satisfie the expectation of the Lovers of the Art Military it shall not seem unseasonable here to declare somewhat concerning the manner of Field-Watches or Vigils de Campe denoted unto us by the Expert and Ancients under these three Notions The first are Castra temporanea aleager ad placitum pitcht onely for the present and may perhaps alter and change it's Station in a day or an hour according to the pleasure and judgement of the General and Commanders in chief Secondly there are Castra a select or constant Camp so called because of their intentions of continuance in the besieging of a Castle or Town c. until they shall have taken the same or by some other necessity or further advantage forced to raise their Seige The third and last called Castra Such a Camp as is pitcht before or neer some Rivers side to oppose and frustrate the Incursions of the Enemy who otherwise might this way break in for the infesting or taking of a Country Now concerning such Watches or Guards which shall relate unto several Camps both in regard of the several and most convenient places for securing the Camps by Sentinels and Perdues they are to be primarily appointed and ordered according to the discretion command of the Masters of the Field whether Generals or Majors of Brigades afterwards the Serjeant-Majors Captains of Regiments according to their commands and relieved order are to design them for the aforesaid place To enlarge the several Arguments and Disputes that might further arise in-point of Field-duties relating thereunto would be too tedious and to little purpose in regard that whosoever shall but diligently observe what hath before been set down concerning the duty of Watches in Garrison and Fortresses may sufficiently be able to apprehend and perform all manner of Duties that shall concern this Field-service provided that he be careful to adhere to the directions of the Field-Officers in all points and diligent to observe the manner of managing of all things according to their instructions And therefore to avoid prolixity and fruitless disputes I refer the Reader to what hath been above related CHAP. XXV The ordering of a private Company unto a Funeral-occasion WHen any Commander or Souldier of worth shall be deceased a private Captain that would shew respect and honour by marching along with his Company attending the Corps to the place of burial must order his Souldiers after this manner They being summon'd by beat of the Drum to meet at their usual place of Rendezvous they may be drawn up according to the usual manner having a Van-guard Battail and Reer-guard being thus ordered and each of the Souldiers having either in his Hat a black Feather or Ribbin the Captain may draw them off and order them to their Long-march moving them away in an orderly manner unto the place of him that is deceased and there make Alt. After which he may command the Muskettiers in the Van to open to the right and left outward to such convenient distance as the Pikes may move up between them and take possession of their first ground and those Muskettiers may face about and move down cleer of the Pikes and after close their Files inward to Order and face to their Leader Now being in two Divisions let them so continue with their Arms ordered until such time as they shall perceive the Corps to be brought forth into the Street then the Captain may face them all about and move them some three Pikes length before the Corps after which he may command his Muskettiers to perform their Funeral-Posture which is to have their Muskets under their left Arm with the But-end upward their Rests likewise on that side trailing After which the Pikes are to face again to their first Front and to lay the narrow end of their Pikes down upon the ground after facing about to the left and bringing up the But-end of their Pikes on their right side conforming themselves with the Muskettiers in their Funeral-Postures In the next place the Ensign strips his Colours off from the Staff and ties them about his right Wast putting a black Ribbon towards the very end of his Staff he after faceth to the Body of Pikes standing in the Reer of them and trailing his Staff in the same Posture Next followeth the Captain having in his hand a Half-pike or Leading-staff conforming himself likewise to his Funeral-Posture Thus being all ready to march and rightly faced toward that place where the Corps are to be interred are after this manner following to lead and to bring up The first Division of Muskettiers which was the Reer-guard is led by the Lieutenant the next Division of Muskettiers that was formerly the Van-guard is led by the second Serjeant the Body of Pikes is led by the eldest Serjeant he trailing a Half-pike upon the head of them the Ensign bringing it up and the Captain twelve foot short of him bringing up the Reer of the whole Company And after him the Ministers marching just before the Coffin in the Reer next unto it the neerest kindred and after them those that are invited to the Funeral Having thus stated the manner and order of the Military Part with all others belonging thereunto for any ordinary Funeral-occasion I shall in the next place proceed to shew their Order upon the March and how each Arms ought to be disposed before the Corps enter into the Church with the rest of the Train All persons being ordered as before expressed the Drums being covered with Black-bays and placed betwixt the second and third Ranks in each Division and all being ready to move the Drums may begin to beat their Funeral-March and the Lieutenant leading them away with the But-end of his Pattison upward and comported the rest following and marching in a leasurable and slow way along together until they come within a hundred foot of the Church-door or place where the Corps are to be interred there making Alt. After which let the Muskettiers in their Ranks File to the right and left not advancing ground and face in opposition making a Guard for the rest to pass through and resting their Muskets or putting the But-end thereof to the ground with the Barrel towards them which is a conformity to the Pikes being ordered In the mean time let the Pikes advance their Arms and immediately after move forward betwixt the Guard of Muskettiers and let their Ranks afterward file to the right and left making also a Guard their Pikes being ordered and they as the rest facing in opposition Then let the Captain who brings up the
Reer of all his whole Body move forward with the rest to the Church-door then falling off in respect of ordering his Company the rest of the Train Marching into the Church After which the Captain may cause them all to face to the Church or to their Leader he standing then before the Church-door commanding them to Rank again as they were After every Leader may draw off his File and set their Arms apart in each File by themselves and go in to hear part of the Sermon if there should be any such order before-hand from their Captain placing Sentinels to look to their Arms. And when Sermon is almost done they ought to go forth of the Church and draw forth the Files by some little warning of Drums to be in readiness to answer such directions as they shall receive from their Captain who may if he have conveniency of room draw all his Muskettiers into a Ring and the Pikes in like manner on the outside of them and as soon as the Souldiers have notice being all ready and presented that the Body is laid down in the grave they may upon warning of the Drum give one volley of shot all together and after make ready again performing the same twice over more After which the Ensign may put his Colours upon his Staff and furl them up then the Pikes may be drawn up again into one Body and the Muskettiers into another and falling in the Reer of the Pikes they may troop away And a little before the place of lodging the Colours they may make Alt and the Muskettiers may sleeve up by the outside of the Pikes from the Reer filing to the right and left making a Guard for the Colours and Pikes to march through them and being cleer and the Colours lodged they may face about again to the right and give another volley of shot but if there should be such a streight of ground that the Muskettiers cannot be drawn into a Ring then they must be otherwise disposed of by making them into two Ranks the one on the one side of the Street and the other on the other side facing them either in opposition or in an oblique manner if in opposition they must present very low and give fire three times all together as before with one volley after another if oblique the one Rank is to be faced towards the upper end of the Street and the other towards the lower end and so may fire with less danger to each other the Pikes to be filed away to the right and left behind the Muskettiers before they were thus faced And again where they have not length of ground to contrive the Muskettiers into two single Ranks they may fire all together as they stand at Order mounting up the Muzzles of their Muskets into the Air without offending each other Therefore according to the conveniency of the ground it must be the discretion of every Commander to order his men accordingly to perform his three volleys of shot in the most gracefullest way which being ended they may all return to their Quarters And thus much may suffice for satisfaction to any Commander in ordering his single Company to any Funeral-occasion marching along of it self CHAP. XXVI The ordering of a Regiment to a Funeral-occasion WHen Companies are to march in a Regimental-way care must be had that the Regiment be first drawn up according to this Rule The Pikes to be in one Body and the Muskettiers equally divided to flank that Body after which let the Major make his Divisions appointing the places of every Captain and Lieutenant where they shall lead and where they shall bring up After that they may move away towards the place or lodging of him that is to be interred and there make Alt opening the Van-guard or Muskettiers and facing them to the Reer then let the Body of Pikes and them interchange ground that the Pikes may march next the Hearse in manner as before exprest of a private Company whose smaller Bodies take Rule from the greater Then let the Lieutenant-Colonel lead the Regiment and the Colonel bring it up and so in like manner in every Division the Bringers-up are to lead and the Leaders to bring up All Officers and their Arms being thus reverst the Front becomes the Reer and the Reer the Front they must move slowly away and before the Corps pass into the Church there must be ground reserv'd that after the Muskettiers have first made a Guard the Pikes may move through them and may also in like manner file in their Ranks as the Muskettiers did joyning to them and making a Guard in like manner of each Arms. After which the whole Train may pass through in an orderly manner into the Church the Souldiers in the mean time attending without until Sermon be passed over And being all in a readiness they may give three several Peals or Volleys of shot according to such warnings as shall be given them After which the Souldiers being ranked again as they were if they have conveniency of ground the Major may cause the Captains to draw off their Companies and troop home to their several Quarters according to their best conveniency But if they have not room it will be most properest for the Major to command the Muskettiers to stand and first to rank the Pikes again as they were Then let the Drums beat a Troop upon the head of the Pikes in the Reer of the Colours and let the Ensigns and Pikes first troop away through the Guard of the Muskettiers who being cleer of them and being led by the Colonel and other Officers there appointed the Muskettiers may also rank again in like manner and fall in the Reer of the Pikes following them until they come unto a convenient place or ground for the Captains drawing off their Companies as they shall receive order from the Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel or Major And here I will conclude my Discourse concerning the Exercising of the Infantry in all their Military Motions and Exercises FINIS The Postures of the Musket to be performed without the Rest The Musket lying on the ground with Bandeliers and Match the first Word of Command will be Stand to your Arms. Take up your Bandeliers Put on your Bandeliers Take up your Match Place your Match Take up your Musket letting the Butt-end rest upon the Ground Rest your Musket in your left hand bringing the Butt-end to your right side Poyse your Musket Shoulder your Musket Unshoulder your Musket and Poyse Ballance your Musket in your left hand with the Barrel upwards Open your Pan. Clear your Pan. Prime your Pan. Shut your Pan. Cast off your loose Corns Blow off your loose Corns and bring about your Musket to your left side carrying the Barrel downwards Ballance your Musket in your left hand Find out your Charge Open your Charge Charge with Powder Draw forth your Scowring-stick Turn and shorten to an inch Charge with Bullet Put your Scowring-stick in
necessaries 1 Waggon Waggons for the Officers For the General of the Artillery 4 Waggons For the Lieutenant-General 2 Waggons For the Controuler 2 Waggons For the Commissary 1 Waggon For 12 Gentlemen of the Ordnance 4 Waggons For the Mr. Gunner 1 Waggon For the Commissary of the drawing Horses 1 Waggon For every Engineer 1 Waggon For each Captain of the Pioniers 1 Waggon For the Mr. Smith 1 Waggon For each Mr. Carpenter 1 Waggon For the Fire-workers each one 1 Waggon For the Captain of the Cannoniers 1 Waggon For the Bridge-Master 1 Waggon For the Mr. Petardier 1 Waggon For the Maker of Cannon-baskets 1 Waggon For the Battery-Master 1 Waggon For the Quarter-Master 1 Waggon For the Provost 1 Waggon A List of Ammunition and such Warlike necessaries as the Prince of Orange takes with him in Shipping when he goes to the Field Powder for Muskets lib. 50000 Bullets for Muskets lib. 50000 Match lib. 80000 Hair-cloaths to cover the Powder lib. 60 Woodden-hammers to open the Powder-barrels lib. 12 Ladles to melt the Lead in lib. 12 Moulds for Musket-bullets with 12 holes lib. 12 Pincers to cut off the tayls of the bullets lib. 6 Arms and other necessaries Muskets spare lib. 300 Bandeliers lib. 300 Rests lib. 100 Scowring-sticks for Muskets lib. 100 Pipes to hide light Matches in lib. 3000 Half-Pikes lib. 300 Long Pikes lib. 2000 Lope-staves lib. 100 Quarter-staves lib. 200 Crooked Iron-shovels with long Poles to them to cast the earth forwards in a Gallery lib. 12 Iron-shovels like the former with shorter Poles to cast up earth to cover the Gallery lib. 12 Great Iron-hammers lib. 8 Great Pincers lib. 8 Hatchets with hammers at one end some great some small lib. 20 Iron-bars some forked at the end lib. 30 Sythes compleat lib. 25 Draggs to draw things out of Water lib. 25 Small draggs with Iron-chains to them of three fathom long and an iron Wing thereto lib. 12 Nails of all sorts Double Spikes lib. 4000 Single Spikes lib. 24000 Nayls of seven Inches lib. 10000 Nayls of six Inches lib. 10000 Nayls of five Inches lib. 10000 Double middle-nayls lib. 40000 Single middle nayls lib. 70000 Nayls for Doors lib. 30000 Lat-nayls lib. 60000 Broad-headed-nayls lib. 30000 Wood-work Oaken-planks lib. 160 Deals lib. 8000 Sparrs lib. 3000 Gapravens or great Joysts lib. 6000 Firi-balks of 10 Ells lib. 800 Balks of 12 Ells lib. 800 Balks of 16 Ells lib. 400 Small Sparrs lib. 1200 Masts of 40 50 and 60 foot long lib. 100 Arms and other necessaries Compleat Arms lib. 200 Arms of proof lib. 100 Head-pieces of proof lib. 100 Targets of proof lib. 100 Haspels compleat lib. 50 Rings to shut the Haspels together lib. 25 Haspel-staves by provision lib. 15000 Long Palisadoes lib. 2000 Short Palisadoes lib. 6000 Wooden beetles to drive the Palisadoes lib. 200 Pinns for Palisadoes lib. 10000 Nagers to boar holes for the Pinns in Palisadoes lib. 30 Iron-hammers to beat the pinns into the Palisadoes lib. 50 Nagers to search for Mines some great some small lib. 10 Ladders of all sorts lib. 150 Foot Angles lib. 20 Ice Spurs lib. 6000 Instruments of all sorts necessary to work withal Carrs for one Horse with all things necessary for Carr and Horse lib. 100 Crew-waggons compleat lib. 6000 Spare wheels for Crew-waggons lib. 300 Spindles or Axels spare lib. 1000 Cloven Deals to repair the Crew-waggons lib. 200 Small Nayls for the same purpose lib. 1000 Hand-barrows to carry Sodds lib. 150 Shippers-hooks long and short lib. 150 Spades to dig sods with lib. 300 Pitch-forks with two and three forks lib. 150 Other Spades lib. 10000 Shovels lib. 2000 Mattocks lib. 1000 Pike-Axes lib. 600 Great Axes lib. 1200 Hachets lib. 600 Chopping-knives lib. 600 Pursnets with Iron-hoopes and long Poles to them to dragg Mud out of Motes lib. 50 Other Necessaries Foursquare Baskets lib. 4000 Round baskets lib. 3000 Hurdles lib. 1000 Great Blocks drawn up with Pullies to drive in great Palisadoes lib. 2 Small blocks for the same use lib. 10 Beefe-bridges of ten foot long lib. 50 Small Lines to make cordage lib. 4000 Great Packs to wind up timber lib. 20 Buckets to carry water to quench fire lib. 3000 Lanthorns as well of lattin as horn lib. 40 Secret Lanthorns lib. 12 Candles lib. 400 Pans to burn Lamp-oyl in lib. 25 Turks lib. 6000 Torches lib. 25 Pitch tun lib. 6 Tair tun lib. 4 Hurds lib. 400 Fire-panns lib. 200 Unsleckt Lime in Tunns last lib. 1 Lines of 200 fathom long to draw up the Ammunition-Ships when the Wind is contrary lib. 60 Canvas blindes of 150 foot long lib. 2 Ship-windlaces of all sorts good store A List of what his Highness takes out of this to carry upon Waggons when he marcheth by Land with the number of Waggons thereto necessary allowing every Waggon to carry 1000 weight   Waggons Powder 20000 20 Bullets 20000 20 Match 15000 15 Muskets compleat 100 2 Pikes 300 3 Loop-staves 100 2 Spades 4000 18 Shovels 1000 4 Mattocks 400 2 Pike-Axes 100 1 Great Axes 400 2 Hatchets and chopping-knives 400 1 Deals 200 20 Capravens or great Joysts 200 3 Small Joysts 100 1 Crew-waggons compleat 100 4 Hand-barrows 25 1 Beese-bridges 10 5 Quarter-staves 100 1 Firr-Spars of all sorts 200 1 Pieces of beese-bridges with their appurtenances 10 5 A quantity of all sorts of Nails  1 Lanthorns 10  Dark Lanthorns 4 2 Candles lib. 100  Lamps 6  One Commissioner with 24 Conductors each mounted and armed with a Sword and a Case of Pistols The Commissioner that hath the Charge and oversight of these necessaries hath for his assistance 24 Conductors or more according to the number of Waggons each mounted and armed with a Sword and Case of Pistols The ART of Designing Measuring and Laying out Of the QUARTERS For the ENCAMPING Of an ARMY In the FIELD VVith ORDERS to be given out in such a QUARTER Also ORDERS for WATCHING And other General Observations By Capt. THOMAS RVDD Enginier to K. CHARLES the First The Argument HAving given you an account of the several Officers belonging to an Army with their respective Offices Duties and Qualifications with which they ought to be endowed As also how and in what manner the Cavalry is to be Enrolled Armed and Exercised both in his Postures and Motions and how a Troop or Company and a whole Army both Horse and Foot with Train of Artillery and other necessaries is to March I think it now time to bring you to a Quarter and therein I shall declare I. What Rules are to be observed in the choise of the Ground to Quarter in II. How the Quarter-master-General is to design the Quarters the Ground being chosen III. The Geometrical or Instrumental manner of laying out the Quarters in the Field IV. How the building of the Huts is to be managed and by whom V. The manner of securing the Quarters by Intrenchments Redoubts Horn-works and other Fortifications The manner of Quartering in
further trouble or to a half-facing to the right by taking it from the Reer if from that place they shall be opened and so likewise it were a great deal better in the closing of Ranks to close them forwards in respect it is for the more conveniency of their closing then to the Reer For then again they must perform a half facing which is not only unhandsome but troublesome to the souldier All that can be said to maintain it as I conceive in opening Ranks forwards is because they have not room in the Reer which seldome happens so in any exercise if discreetly ordered by him that leads them As for closing of the Ranks backwards I cannot conceive any solid reasons to confirm the same and therefore will pass over it and come to close our Ranks and Files to such Distance from whence they first were opened Files close to the right and left inward to Double Distance Ranks close forwards to Double Distance Files close to the right to your Open Order Ranks close forwards to your Open Order Files close into the midst to your Order Ranks close forwards to your Order Files close to the left to your Close Order Ranks close forwards to your Close Order Files close to the right to your Closest Order Ranks close forwards to your Closest Order Concerning the words of Command for Distances in the openings and closings of Ranks and Files what before is set down may be sufficient for any souldier to use in time of his exercise But now it will be expected to give some reasons for every one of these to shew them in their proper uses CHAP. XXI The use of each particular Distance and at what time to be used WHerefore first note that your distance of closest Order is of chiefest use unto the Pike in these particulars as first Charging against the Horse for that the Ranks then clapping in their left legs behind their Leaders right locking themselves so firm and stedfast one within another which 't were impossible for any Body of Horse to enter in amongst them Secondly it is of excellent use for to maintain a breach and to keep out an enemy Thirdly it is very useful to both Arms at such time when a Commander hath any thing of consequence to discover unto his Company which he may have many occasions so to do as before his Exercise to advise them to silence to observe their words of command and their directions and when they are to fight against an Enemy to perswade and keep them off from fear by assuring them good reasons of hopes of overcoming These or such-like speeches many times a Captain may have just occasion to express himself unto his Company and being at so close a Distance they may more aptly hear his words and obey his Commands But here now by the way too much preaching upon the head of a Company concerning matters of Exercise is too much a dulling of the souldier who rather would fall into action then so to be confounded with much talking Close Order may be of very good use also for most things which have been spoken of the closest Order only here the souldier hath a little more liberty in the handling of his arms by being at a wider distance This distance also is of good use before wheelings because many times upon their moving they are apt to flie out to their proper distance of Order which they alwayes should be at in their wheelings where note if first they were at Order they would flie out to wider distance Order is the distance which the souldier doth fight upon and is to be used skirmishing against an enemy it is also useful at such a time when the Drum shall beat a Troop and that the souldiers are marching to relieve some Court of Guard or making some expedition against an enemy for then they are in a fit capacity of distance for to fight It is also very useful and to be observed upon facings for all intire doublings and for wheelings Order likewise in File and open Order in Rank is to be used at such time when the Drum shall beat a March and the Body upon the moving or marching Open Order is the distance proper for all doublings of Ranks and Files by the half-files or by the bringers-up wherein they have interval of ground sufficient to move in It is also a very proper distance for facings and ever to be observed in time of Counter-marches It is the properest distance for the Ranks to be in upon a march but the Files are then to be at Order as is before exprest The use of double Distance is to be observed at such times when the souldiers shall stand or happen to be in some eminent danger of the Cannon-shot from the Enemy for standing then so thin they may be much preserved from danger it is likewise very good for Inversion and Conversion You may take notice of these brief directions in openings of Ranks and Files when the Files are commanded to Open to the right the left-hand File stands and all the Files take their distance from the left observing alwayes in the motions of Files their Leaders and to move altogether along with them If it be an opening of Files to the left then contrary-wise the right-hand File stands and they take their distance from the right So likewise for closings unto what hand soever they be commanded to close the out-most File is to stand the rest are to move and close to that In opening or closing of Ranks the first Rank is alwayes to stand the rest are to move either opening or closing according as is commanded alwayes observing in their motions their right-hand-men and moving altogether CHAP. XXII Directions of the way and manner of drawing up a private Company THe Postures being formerly described forth the dignity of places in a File and words of Command made known unto the souldier for their several distances It next followeth to shew the joyning of Files and drawing up a Company where first pray mind at such times when the Drums are beating about the Quarters and in several places make Proclamation as by order from their Captain for all Gentlemen Souldiers that are under his Command to repair unto his Randezvous unto such a place and at such an hour then it must be the immediate care of every Officer under his Command punctually at that hour and place thither to repair for the more incouraging of the souldiers as they shall come in and not to stir themselves from thence without some order from their Captain for fear of giving bad examples unto others And when they shall perceive some considerable number of men to come in the Serjeants then may take advice with their Lieutenant and Ensign which of them they will appoint out to draw forth the Muskettiers and which the Pikes and whom they shall make the right-hand File-leader of the Muskettiers and who shall be the left and again who
them if disorderly they swerve awry from what he first intended He must likewise order all his words of Command so as that they may be proper and clearly pronounced forth unto the Souldier without any faltering And in every one of these to see the Souldier leasurely and easily perform the same in a compleat manner He must not be too quick in his words of Command but carefully see what before commanded well done and then he may proceed unto the next In time of his Exercise he must seriously mind what he is to do and not to have his thoughts extravagantly carried away upon any other Subject for fear he be out but if any such thing should happen through forgetfulness he ought not to be daunted but to pull up the spirit of a Souldier as well as he can and endeavour to reduce them again For it is a rare thing to be found for a Leader to be so exquisite in his Exercising as not to be sometimes out and in my observation of most at one time or another I have found them so to be His discretion also ought to be such as to cull out and chuse those things that be chiefest as flowers out of a Garden to fit and compleat up his Exercise in a Souldier-like way which may be most properest for service and use which will bring to him far more commendations and praise in the judgement of every knowing Souldier then to spend his time upon unnecessary toyes but yet sometimes to please the fancy of the curious at their private meetings he may use some things for delight to support and uphold their private Exercises which have nurst up here in London many able Souldiers and Commanders who have been serviceable to our Nation It is a very necessary thing likewise that a Leader sometimes do acquaint the Souldiers of the use of their several Distances Facings Doublings Counter-marches and Wheelings and of all things else he shall command but in such a manner that he dwell not too long upon any thing he shall declare unto them for dulling of the Souldiers who rather would be pleased with more actings then by too much talkings which spins out the time as sometimes ordered to very little purpose He must be very careful of every word of Command he gives that the Souldiers be ordered in their due Distance sutable to the same of what kind soever it be and if it shall be lost in their movings or marchings he must endeavour to bring them to it again He is likewise to acquaint the Souldiers when they are drawn up to look about them and to mind their several places how they stand in the Body whether they be in even Ranks from the Front or odd if even and upon any doubling of Ranks they are the men to double the odd if half-file-leaders that they be commanded to double the Front they must advance their Arms and are Leaders of that Motion to come up to double the Front if Bringers-up commanded to double they are alike to do the same if Bringers up of the Front-half-files and that they be commanded to double the Reer they likewise are to advance their Arms to face about and are to begin to lead them down to the Reer They should likewise take notice how they stand in their Files whether even from the right or no if even and there be any command to double Files to the right they all are to move and double the odd if commanded to double to the left they then stand odd and the others are to move and double them They likewise are to mind their places who are upon the Flanks for a doubling either to Front or Reer by the half-Files they first begin to march and how they stand there as right and left-hand men in even Ranks for by any doublings of Ranks entire or by Division they likewise are the Leaders of the Motion There ought also advice be given to the middle File-leaders to know their places for if there should be any doublings of the half-Ranks they then are first to move and to begin the motion This caution being sometimes quickly run over in advising of the Souldiers that they should ever mind when they are first drawn up into a body these particular places they would not stand so carelessy and so ignorantly in a Body as many times they do not knowing which way to move without a great deal of pains and directions from their Leader for there being so many occasions of doublings of these kinds that it is a necessary thing for every Souldier to be acquainted with the same Yet it is not only sufficient that the Souldiers do mind their places as they stand in a body according to the direction of their Leader as before set forth unto them but that they be likewise in the time of their Exercise very silent in the body and helpful unto their fellow-Souldiers by pointing out unto them with signs with the hand where they should march to perform what was before commanded and to be very civil and orderly in their carriage to each other and to mind their Exercise so as a matter of great weight and high consideration in the well regarding of the same And if a word of command as sometimes may happen slip out of order as by the mistaking of a hand or the like yet nevertheless it should be their modest care if not prevented by their Leader to be ready to execute what they conceive he intended and walking along in this civil and respective way unto him that shall lead them it will not only be a great encouragement unto him but they will also reap much benefit unto themselves And thus much briefly may be spoken in way of advice unto every Leader before his beginning of his Exercise and unto each particular Souldier as shall by him be exercised CHAP. XXVII Of Facings of their several kinds and of their use with the words of command for performance of the same FAcing is the altering or turning of the Aspect to either hand upon the ground they stand according to the words of Command whether it be to the right left Front or Reer or to the midst of Files or Ranks or to any of the outward or inward Angles or to the Center The manner of execution of the same it is a particular turning of every Souldiers countenance unto each of those hands or places as above exprest and to be performed after this manner The left foot is always to be kept fixed like the hinge of a door and unto what hand or part they shall be commanded to face every particular Souldier is immediately to turn his body upon the Ball or Centre of his left foot by wheeling until he hath brought his Aspect unto the place commanded Facings is one of the most necessary and usefullest motions amongst all the rest for when the body shall be in such a streight that they cannot bring their faces against an enemy
whereby they may fire upon the Enemy as he marcheth by Or approaching against any Fort or place of danger they may daringly make a large Front and firing upon them after filing to the right or left making large Intervals they much preserve themselves from the danger of the great shot proceeding from the Enemy Again Ranks ranking either in equal or unequal parts is of singular good use upon a narrow passage where they can march but two three four or six abrest the Commander notwithstanding they marched before twenty abrest may by it bring them to such small numbers whereby he may much preserve them in time of imminent danger and peril To dwell no longer upon this discourse Inversion and Conversion many times require larger distance then any other of the Motions as sometimes double distance or twice double distance wherefore being so many occasions for the use of them both I hold it requisite for a Leader frequently to practise his Souldiers in them no part of the Art Military affording more commendations to the Souldiers that shall readily and handsomly perform the same Briefly therefore passing over what might be more spoken concerning them I shall in the next place set them all forth in their full view leaving every discreet Souldier to his own liberty to make use of as many of them as he shall think fit and to use them after what manner he pleaseth CHAP. XXXIX The words of Command for Ranks ranking and Files ranking to the Front they being twelve abrest and six deep Command RAnks rank to the right 2 3 4 or 6 as occasion shall require Direction If to two the two outmost men upon the right are to move away the next two to fall behind them until the first Rank hath made six Ranks and the rest doing the like until the first six Ranks are become thirty six Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the left the first Rank is to stand the rest are to move away two and two until they have made up twelve in one Rank and the rest are to do the like until they are made up all again as at first or command Ranks rank as you were The same rule is to be observed if you rank to any of the other numbers to divide them accordingly Command Ranks rank three to the left Direction The first three men upon the left are to move away the next three are to fall in behind toward the left until the first Rank have made four Ranks the rest are to do the like until they have made them 24 Ranks Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right the first Rank is to stand the rest are to move forth by three and three until they have made twelve in one Rank the rest are to do the like until they be as they were at first or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank three to the right and left outward Direction The three outmost men of the first Rank upon the right and the three outmost men upon the left move away the next three of each hand in the same Rank are to do the like and every Rank throughout to follow successively dividing themselves three to one hand and three to the other until they have made twelve Ranks in each Division and falling in the Reer successively to each hand of the first Rank Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right and left inward or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank intire to the right into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the right and move away every Rank placing it self successively to the right until they stand all in one Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the left the first 12 men upon the left are to stand the next 12 are to face to the left and to move and fall in the Reer of the first and so consequently all the rest or else to command Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank intire to the left into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the left and move until they have successively placed themselves and made one intire Rank into the Front Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right the 12 outmost men upon the right stand the rest face to the right and move making 12 in every Rank or Ranks rank as you were Command Ranks rank outward into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face outward and place your selves successively into the Front facing after to your Leader Reducement Ranks rank 12 to the right and left inward the 12 middlemost men stand the rest face inward and move ranking 12 successively behind the first Rank and after facing to their Leader and to even their Ranks Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Direction The first Rank is to move away to the right and left the next Rank moving up into his ground doing the like and consequently so all the rest until the last Rank be come up intire into the Front Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward the first six upon the right and the first six upon the left stand the rest move outward falling in the Reer of the first Rank ranking six to the right and left and after closing their Divisions Command Files rank to the right into the Front Direction Files open to the left to your double Distance and Ranks close forwards to Close Order and move up to the right into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the left the first six upon the left are to fall into a File the rest doing the like until you have made 12 Files as at first or command Ranks file as you were Command Files rank to the left into the Front Direction Every man is to move forward to the left into the Front beginning from the Leader of the Files and moving up successively making one intire Rank Reducement Ranks file six to the right the six outmost men upon the right are to fall into a File the rest in like manner are to do the same or Ranks file as you were Command Files rank outward into the Front Direction Right and left Half-ranks close into the midst to Close order after move to the right and left outward until they be come up into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward the middle men are to stand the rest are to move side-ways to the right and left inward and to file as before commanded or Ranks file as you were Command Files rank inward into the Front Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double distance and Files move up to the right and left entire into the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward the outmost men stand the rest move to the right and left outward filing according to Command and after to close their Divisions CHAP. XL. Ranks ranking into the Front by Countermarch Command RAnks rank entire into
the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man Direction The first Rank stand the rest move away to the right successively into the Front placing themselves on the outside of their right-hand-men Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the left every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man the first twelve upon the left are to stand the rest are successively to fall in behind the first Rank placing themselves as before commanded or Ranks rank as you were placing your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Command Ranks rank entire to the left into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Direction The first Rank stand the rest move away to the left successively placing your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man or Ranks rank as you were every man placing himself as before Command Ranks rank outward into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction The first Rank stand the rest move forth to the right and left and successively to fall into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man the twelve middle men are to stand the rest are to move to the right and left inward six to one hand and six to the other making twelve in Rank and falling behind the first Command Ranks rank inward into the Front every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double Distance the first Rank of each Division is to stand the rest are to move successively to the right and left inward into the Front making one entire rank Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man the first Rank of each Division stand the rest move to the right and left outward ranking as before commanded falling successively in the reer of the first rank and after to close their Divisions CHAP. XLI Files ranking into the Front by Wheeling Command FIles rank to the right into the Front by wheeling The Files are to be at double distance and ranks at close a Order Direction Face to the right and wheel to the left until they stand even abrest in one entire Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the left by wheeling face all to the Reer and the first six men then upon the right wheel to the right and so consequently all the rest wheeling by fixes to the right their Leaders that were before being the hinges of the motion and after face to their Leader Command Files rank to the left into the Front by wheeling Direction Face to the left and wheel to the right until they make all one entire Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right by wheeling face to the Reer and the six outmost men upon the left wheel to the left the next six are to follow and consequently all the rest until they have made twelve Files as at the first and after face to their Leader Command Files rank outward into the Front by wheeling Direction Right and left half-Ranks close into the midst to Order and face outward wheeling to the right and left until you are one entire Rank Reducement Rank file six to the right and left inward by wheeling face about to the right and the twelve middlemost men are to wheel to the right and left inward and the rest are likewise to do the same by Sixes until they have made themselves into twelve Files after face to their Leader Command Files rank inward into the Front by wheeling Direction Right and left half-Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and wheel to the right and left inward until they are all in one Rank in the Front Reducement Ranks File six to the right and left outward face all about and wheel by Sixes to the right and left the Leaders being the hinges of the Motion after face to the Front and right and left half-Ranks may close into the midst again to their double distance Here endeth the ranking into the Front with all their several kinds the Reer challengeth next place but I shall spare the pains and labour to set them down in regard that he who hath a mind to rank his men thither may if he please make use of all the former words of Command for the performance of the same facing them upon every Command to the Reer I come therefore in the next place only to mention the ranking into the midst by Ranks and Files which may likewise be performed by the former words of Command provided they have convenient distance and be faced to the midst and after the Command is executed to face them to their first Front Yet there is remaining a ranking unto all these places at once for the performance of which observe these few words of Command following CHAP. XLII Ranks ranking or Files ranking at one and the same time into Front Reer and Midst They are to stand at Order in Rank and File Command RAnks rank outward into the Front Reer and Midst Direction The two last Ranks are to face about the first Rank and the last Rank and the third Rank from the Front are to stand the other three are to move forth six to the right and six to the left until they have ranked unto all these places after face to the Front and the last Rank moving f r ward to open Order Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward the last Rank face about the twelve middlemost men of each Rank are to stand the six outmost men of each Rank are to face inward to move and fall into the right and left behind the middlemost men after the two last Ranks are to face to the Front Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst Direction Right and left half-Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance the two last Ranks face to the Reer the first and last Rank and the third Rank from the Front stand the rest move to the right and left inward ranking into Front Reer and Midst after that the last Rank is to face to the Front and to close forward to open Order Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward the last Rank face about and the outmost six men upon each Rank are to stand and the middle men are to divide themselves six to the right hand and six to the left and to fall in the Reer of the first last and middle Rank after the last Rank is to face to the Front and then to close Ranks and Files
to their Order Ranks ranking by Countermarch Command Ranks rank outward into the Front Reer and Midst every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction The two last Ranks face about the first and last Rank and the third Rank from the Front stand the rest move forth to the right and left ranking into Front Reer and Midst placing themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men face to your Leader Reducement Ranks rank twelve to the right and left inward placing your selves on the inside of your right and left-hand-men the last Rank face about the twelve middlemost men in each Rank are to stand and the outmost six men in each Rank are to move to the right and left inward placing themselves in the Reer of the former Ranks and on the inside of their right and left-hand-men facing to their Leader Command Ranks rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst every man placing himself on the inside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Right and left half-Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance standing then at Order in each division in Rank and File the two last Ranks face about and the first last and third Rank from the Front stand the rest move inward placing themselves on the inside of their right and left-hand-men after the last Rank may face about and move forward to open Order Reducement Ranks rank six to the right and left outward every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man the last Rank face about the six outmost men of each Rank stand and the twelve middlemost men in each Rank are to divide themselves six to the right and six to the left falling in the Reer of the outmost men placing themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men after face to the Front and Ranks and Files close to the midst to Order Of Files ranking into Front Reer and Midst Command FIles rank outward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The two last Ranks face about the first last and third Rank from the Front stand the rest move to the right and left after the manner of doubling of Ranks and rank to Front Reer and Midst as before commanded and after the last Rank face to the Front closing forward to Order Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward the last Rank face about and the even men from the midst of Files are to fall in behind the odd after the manner of doubling Files to the right and left inward and after the two last Ranks are to face to the Front Command Files rank inward into Front Reer and Midst Direction They standing at the distance of Order in Rank and File command right and left Half-ranks to open from the Midst something more then to open Order after the two last Ranks are to face about and the first last and third Rank from the Front are to stand the rest are to move to the right and left inward after the manner of doubling Ranks to the right and left inward after the last Rank is to face to the Front and to close forwards to open Order Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward the last Rank face about and every man from the Flanks is to move outward after the manner of doubling Files to the right and left outward then the two last Ranks are to face to the Front and the whole Body may close their Ranks and Files into the Midst to Order CHAP. XLIII Of Files ranking by Wheeling Command FIles rank outward into Front Reer and Midst The Ranks must be at Close Order and the Files at Open Order for these three words of Command following and it would be better to divide them into three Divisions that is to say between every two Ranks to have some six foot of ground interval that they may more distinctly perform the same by Wheeling Direction The two last Ranks face about after face all outward and wheel to the right and left by two and two until they be ranked into Front Reer and Midst the last Rank may after move forwards unto the same distance the former stands at being first faced to their Leader Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward by wheeling the first two Ranks face about and then every particular Rank to wheel by two and two towards the midst of Files until they have made twelve Files as at first and after face all to the Front Command Files rank inward into the Front Reer and Midst by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst something more then to open Order the two last Ranks of each Division face about after face all inward and wheel by two and two to the right and left until they have ranked into Front and Reer and Midst to the right and left inward the last Rank is after to face to the Front taking his distance conformable to the rest Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward by wheeling the two first Ranks face about and each particular Rank is to wheel by two's towards the Flanks until they have made twelve Files as at first after facing all to the Front and closing their Ranks and Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank inward into the midst by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and let them know that the Bringers-up of the Front Half-files and the Half-file-Leaders are the hinges of the Motion after face them to the Front and they will be in two Ranks Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left outward by wheeling the last Rank face about and both Ranks wheel to the right and left by threes until they have made twelve Files as at first after face all to the Front and close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank outward into the Front and Reer by wheeling Direction Right and left Half-ranks close into the midst to Order after face outward and wheel to the right and left the Bringers-up and the Leaders are the hinges of the Motion and when they are brought into two Ranks one in the Front and the other in the Reer face them to the Front Reducement Ranks file six to the right and left inward by wheeling the first Rank face about and both Ranks are to wheel by threes towards the midst of Files until they have filed according unto Command after facing to their Leader evening their Ranks and straightning their Files And thus much of Conversion or Ranks ranking or Files ranking they having more variety in them then many times can be useful except it be to present unto the Souldiers some things that are new in the Motions which many times they love to see I could upon this Subject have much more enlarged my self but conceiving what is already set down may be sufficient for
the knowledge of any intelligible Souldier I come therefore briefly to treat of Inversion or of Ranks filing and Files filing CHAP. XLIV Of Ranks filing or of Files filing or of Inversion with their several sorts and kinds Command FIles file to the right Direction The right-hand File is to move away clear of the standing part and after the next File to fall in the Reer of the first and consequently so all the rest until they become one File Reducement File-leaders lead up your Files to the left or Files file six to the left Command Files file to the right entire advancing Direction The right-hand File stand the rest move away successively placing themselves in one direct File before the Front Reducement Files file six to the right into the Reer face all about or Files file six to the right towards the Front Command Files file inward into the right Flank Direction Half-files face about and the outmost Files then upon the left as they are so faced are to move away forward and consequently all the rest are to fall in behind them the like is to be performed by the Front the outmost File at the same time is to move away and the rest successively falling in until they have made one entire File after they are to face to the Front Reducement Front Half-file file three to the left Reer Half-file face about and file three to the right face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Files file to the right by Division Direction Half-files face about the outmost File upon the right is to stand the rest are to move forward and to place themselves successively into one entire File going forward after each other and after face to the Front Reducement Front-half-files file three to the right and Reer-half-files face about and file three to the left face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Ranks file to the right every man placing himself behind his right-hand-man Ranks filing by way of Counter-march Direction This may be done marching or standing if marching the right-hand-man of the first Rank doth first move away the rest in the same Rank do fall in behind him and consequently all the rest until they make one intire File if upon a Stand the Ranks are to open backward to such a Distance as they may conveniently fall into one File Reducement Files rank 12 to the left or Files rank as you were Command Ranks file to the right advancing every man placing himself before his right-hand-man Direction The outmost File stand The Ranks are to be at twice double Distance the Files at order the rest are to move forward with their right leg placing themselves before the right-hand-man Reducement Files rank 12 to the left or Files rank as you were Command Ranks file to the right every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction The Half-files are to face about onely the right-hand-file is to stand the rest are to move forward filing to the right Flank every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up face to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files rank 12 to the right Reer-half-files face about and rank 12 to the left face to your Leader close your Divisions Command Ranks file inward into the right Flank every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files face about Front and Reer-half-files are to march to such convenient distance as the Ranks may fall into the midst of the right Flank after they are to face about or to face to the midst of Ranks and then they are to move forward into the right Flank every man placing himself as before commanded and after face to their Leader Reducement Front-half-files rank 12 to the left Reer-half-files face about and rank 12 to the right face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Files file to the right every man placing himself behind his Bringer-up Files fâ—ling by way of Counter-march Direction The outmost File stand the rest face about and move forward each particular File to the left placing themselves behind their Right-hand-file and their Bringers-up Reducement Files file six to the left every man placing himself before his Leader Command Files file to the right every man placing himself before his Leader Direction The Right-hand-file stand the rest move forwards every File successively placing themselves before their Leaders and their Right-hand-file Reducement Files file six to the right into the Reer every man placing himself before his Bringer-up face all about the last six men stand the rest are to move and to file six to the right placing themselves before their Bringers-up and after to face to the Front Command Files file to the right Flank by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files face about the Right-hand-file is to stand the rest are to move forward to the right Flank placing themselves before their Leaders and their Bringers-up making one intire File to the right face to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files face about and file three to the right every man placing himself before his Bringer-up and Reer-half-files file three to the left placing your selves before your Leaders face to your Leader Command Files file inward into the right Flank every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files move forward until there be sufficient Distance to file into the right Flank after face them about to the midst of Ranks then the files may move successively into the right Flank placing themselves before their Leaders and their Bringers-up face to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files file three to the left every man placing himself before his Leader and Reer-half-files face about and file three to the right every man placing himself before his Bringer-up face to your Leader and close your Divisions CHAP. XLV Ranks wheeling into the Flanks They ought to be at twice double Distance in rank and at Close order in file Command RAnks wheel to the right into the right Flank Direction Every particular Rank is to wheel to their right hand until they have brought their Aspects unto the right Flank after face to the Front Reducement Files rank 12 to the right the first man is to stand the rest are to move forward to the right successively 12 in a Rank to the right Command Ranks wheel to the left to the right Flank Direction Face all about and Ranks wheel to the left until you have brought your Aspects unto the right Flank face to your Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the left the first man is to stand the rest are to move forwards making up 12 abrest to the left until they have made six Ranks as at first Command Ranks wheel outward to the right Flank Direction Half-files face about the first three Ranks wheel to the right and the three last Ranks wheel to the
left to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files rank 12 to the right Reer-half-files face about and rank 12 to the left face to your Leader march up and close forwards to your due Distance Command Ranks wheel inward into the right Flank Direction Half-files face about Front and Reer-half-files march from the midst to twice double distance after Front and Reer-half-files face about Front-half-files wheel your Ranks to the left Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks to the right to your Leader Reducement Front-half-files rank 12 to the left Reer-half-files face about and rank 12 to the right face to your Leader and close your Divisions The left Flank challengeth the next place but I shall spare that pains in regard it is to be done by the same words of Command onely altering the hand I come therefore in the next place to shew how Ranks and Files may file outward to both Flanks and midst at one and the same time by proper words of Command as followeth CHAP. XLVI Of Files filing or Ranks filing to both the Flanks and the Midst at one and the same time Command FIles file to the right and left of both Flanks and the midst of Files Direction The outmost File upon each Flank and the two middle Files are to move away the rest are to fall in successively behind to the right and left filing to both Flanks and to the midst after to stand and even their Ranks and streighten their Files Reducement Files file six to right and left inward moving between the Flanks and the middle files Command Files file to both Flanks and to the midst of Files advancing Direction The outmost File upon each Flank stand and so likewise the two inmost Files the rest move forth and place themselves successively filing advancing toward both Flanks and the midst of Files Reducement Files file six to the right and left inward to the Reer placing yourselves between the Flanks and the middle files the moving part is to face about and to march down according to command as before exprest after face to their Leader Command Files file to both Flanks and the midst by Division They must be at order both in rank and file Direction The outmost File upon each Flank and the two inmost Files stand Half-files of the other Files face about and march forth and file by threes to the right and left into both Flanks and the midst facing to their Leader they will stand in four Files eighteen deep Reducement The six middlemost men in each File stand the three first and the three last Ranks file six to the right and left inward the three first Ranks face about then moving by threes between the outmost File of each Flank and the middle Files after facing to their Leader Command Files file inward into both Flanks and into the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about march all and open from the midst to twice double distance face all about to the right the two inmost and the two outmost Files stand the rest move successively by threes until they file into both Flanks and into the midst face to your Leader Reducement Files file three to the right and left inward into the Front and Reer Half-files face about the three first and the three last Ranks stand the 12 middlemost men move inward by threes into Front and Reer between the outmost and the middlemost Files face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Files file both Flanks and to the midst of Files every man placing himself before his Bringers-up Direction Face all about the two outmost Files and the two middlemost Files stand the rest move forth to the right and left placing themselves successively before their Bringers-up filing towards both Flanks and the midst of Files face to your Leader Reducement Files file six to the right and left inward following your Bringers-up between the Flanks and the middle Files the first six Ranks are to stand Command Files file to both Flanks and to the midst of Files advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Direction The outmost File upon each Flank and the two middlemost Files stand the rest advance forward placing themselves successively before their Leaders filing both Flanks and to the midst of Files Reducement Files file six to the right and left inward into the Reer following your Leaders between the Flankers and the middle Files the six last Ranks face about and after they have filed they are all to face to their Leader Command Files file to both Flanks and to the midst by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and Bringer-up Direction The outmost File upon each Flank and the two inmost stand Half-files of the other Files face about and then command them to move filing to both Flanks and into the midst placing themselves before their Leaders and Bringers-up to your Leader Reducement The six middlemost men in each File stand the three first and the three last Ranks file six to the right and left inward every man placing himself before his Leader and Bringer-up the three first Ranks face about and then with the three last they are to move forward between the outmost and the middlemost Files that is by threes to place themselves before their Leaders and their Bringers-up face to your Leader Command Files file inward into both Flanks and into the midst every man placing himself before his Leader and Bringer-up Direction Half-files face to the Reer march all and open from the midst to twice double distance face all about to the right the two inmost and the two outmost Files upon each Flank stand the rest move successively by threes placing themselves before their Leaders and Bringers-up filing into both Flanks and the midst face to your Leader Reducement Files three to the right and left inward into Front and Reer every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Half-files face about the three first and three last Ranks stand the 12 middlemost men move forwards by threes between the outmost and the middle Files placing themselves as aforesaid face to your Leader and close your Divisions CHAP. XLVII Of Ranks wheeling to both the Flanks They are to be at double distance in Ranks and at order in Files Command RAnks wheel to the right and left to both Flanks advancing Direction The outmost men upon the right and left in every Rank are the hinges of the Motion the rest are to divide their Ranks by wheeling six to the right and six to the left until they have brought their Aspects unto both the Flanks after face to their Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the right and left inward into the Reer face all to the right and left about inward and begin the Motion from each File to rank six to the right and six to the left making up 12 abrest in the Reer the rest following until they have made six Ranks in a brest face to your Leader Command
Ranks wheel to the right and left towards the Reer Direction Face all about The outside-men are the hinges of this Motion who are to wheel from the Reer to the right and left until they have brought their Aspects unto both the Flanks face to your Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the right and left inward the Right-hand-file is to begin to rank six to the left the Left-hand-file is to rank six to the right making up even abrest 12 in number the rest doing the same Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your ranks outward into both Flanks Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files wheel outward into both Flanks until you have brought your Aspects unto the right and left face to your Leader Reducement Front and Reer-half-files rank 12 to the right and left inward towards the midst of Ranks Front-half-files face about and begin the Motion from the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and the Half-file-leaders ranking six to the right and left from each File making 12 abrest face to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks into both Flanks Direction Half-files face about and march all until you be at twice double distance in the midst then face all about to the right and wheel to the right and left until you have brought your Aspects unto both Flanks by wheeling inward to them face to your Leader Reducement Files rank 12 to the right and left inward into Front and Reer Half-files face about and rank in Front and Reer six to the right and six to the left making 12 abrest after face to your Leader CHAP. XLVIII Of Ranks wheeling to the midst of Files Command FRont and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks inward to the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks to the right and left inward until they face in opposition to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left outward unto the midst of Ranks Front-half-files face about and Rank six to the right and left outward Reer-half-files do the same to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks inward into the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about Front and Reer-half-files march until you have attained twice double distance in the midst of Ranks face all about to the right and wheel to the right and left inward into the midst of Files to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left outward into Front and Reer Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files rank six to the right and left outward as before commanded to your Leader move forward and close your Divisions to your double distance CHAP. XLIX Of Ranks wheeling to both Flanks and into the midst at one and the same time They ought to be at more then Open order in Ranks and at order in Files Command FRont and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks to the right and left into both Flanks and the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about to the right and the middle Files and the outmost Files upon each Flank are the hinges of this Motion the rest are to wheel their Ranks to the right and left towards both the Flanks and to the midst of Files face to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left inward to the midst of Ranks and between the Flankers and the middle Files Front-half-files face about and rank six to the right and left inward towards the midst of Ranks between the Flankers and middle Files the Reer-half-files doing the same face to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files wheel your Ranks inward into both Flanks and into the midst of Files Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files march until you be at double distance in the midst after face all about to the right and wheel your Ranks to the right and left inward into both Flanks and into the midst of Files face to your Leader Reducement Files rank six to the right and left inward into Front and Reer between the Flankers and the middle Files Half-files face about and rank six to the right and left inward to the Reer between the Flankers and the middle Files the Front-half-files doing the same to the Front after facing to their Leader Half-files move forwards closing their Divisions to the distance of the former Ranks Having dwelt thus long upon this subject of Inversion and Conversion occasioned thereunto by their great variety and difficulty in the performance of them I hold it convenient to give a breathing space unto the wearied Souldier whilst I in the mean time prepare further matter for his longing desire Yet before I enter in any other discourse of the Art Military I hold it requisite to give some admonitions to those that shall venture upon them For being very difficult they are not easily understood by every puny my advice therefore is to wave such things in time of Exercise which the Souldiers are unacquainted with providing for them such matter as is both plain and easie and being frequently practised in such he may after drill them on to harder till by degrees he hath brought them unto such perfection and knowledge that they shall be able to perform and execute what is commanded not gazing upon one another as I have often observed neither knowing their Leaders meaning or if they did they are altogether ignorant how to fulfil his commands Frequent practice therefore makes the Souldier expert witness our gallant Souldiers and Citizens of London who are most of them so well grounded by frequent practice that their Leaders can scarce give a word of Command which is not easily apprehended by them they being in their exercises so often inured to such difficult expressions as these of Inversion and Conversion CHAP. L. Of Counter-marches with thâ—ir several sorts and kinds affording much variety in time of Exercise THose which have a longing desire to be throughly knowing in this part or branch of Military Discipline must take notice of these four sorts viz. Counter-marching of Files next of Ranks after the Front and Reer-half-files and lastly of right and left Half-ranks all which are performed either by intire or Divisional Counter-marches or else by the intire changing of ground and that by many ways the Front-half-files with the Reer the right Half-ranks with the left So that an expert Leader may venter so far in them as to continue his Exercise without reducing almost for an hour and not to express himself twice in any one word of Command they affording such plenty and variety in them that with pleasure using but four words of Command he may bring each Souldier into his proper place again observing these directions following As first to look down in the Body where his File-leaders are and where his Bringers-up likewise marking the several places of his Half-file-leaders the Bringers up of his Front-half-files together with his Flankers his middle
Files this special care being taken he may begin and proceed to the Reducement after this manner If by some former Counter-marches his File-leaders are in the place of his Half-file-leaders and that his Bringers-up are in the room of the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files then he may proceed in this or the like kinde commanding them to countermarch their Front and Reer into the midst which being performed they will stand in some pretty way of reducing after facing them to the Front where he meets with his Bringers-up in stead of his File-leaders which by one Counter-march will bring them up again into the Front Yet perhaps the Flankers have inter-changed ground with the middle File-leaders if so then Counter-march their Flanks into the midst and face them to the Front and if it happen that the right Flank is become the left and the left the right then Counter-march their Ranks to any hand and after face them to the first Front they are reduced And farther take this for a general rule that when Files or Ranks Counter-march to any hand command them to Counter-march to the contrary and it will reduce them or countermarching your Front and Reer into the midst counter-marching of them back again from the midst will bring each man into his proper place again The same rule being observed reduceth the Flankers or Front and Reer-half-files counter-marching of them from the midst Counter-marches rightly considered branch themselves forth into these three particulars The Macedonian Lacedemonian Chorean The Macedonian is a Counter-march of gaining ground for that it leaveth the ground it formerly stood upon and in lieu thereof taketh the ground before the Front and turneth their Aspects unto the Reer The Lacedemonian is a Counter-march of losing ground for that it leaveth the ground it first stood upon and in room thereof taketh the ground which is behind the Reer thither likewise altering the Souldiers Aspects The Chorean is a Counter-march maintaining ground keeping the ground the Battalia formerly stood upon every Souldier taking anothers place it likewise turns the Aspect towards the Reer Thus you see for all their great variety which latter ages have invented they consist but of three sorts or kinds either maintaining gaining or losing of ground and may be performed as I said before either by intire or divisional Counter-marches It may now be expected that I declare unto the Souldier the meaning of each particular Counter-march briefly therefore thus Files counter-marching is when every Souldier followeth his Leader Ranks counter-marching is when every Souldier followeth his side-man whether it be to the right-hand or to the left Front and Reer-half-files counter-marching is sometimes when every particular Souldier followeth his Leader or Bringer-up or else when they follow their Half-file-leaders or their Bringers-up of the Front-half-files or the like Right and left Half-ranks counter-marching is when every Souldier in the Rank followeth the outmost men upon the right and left or when they shall follow their inside right and left-hand-men or the like What hath hitherto been spoken may be sufficient both for the instruction and direction of any discreet Souldier I come in the next place to set them all before them as they lie in Order CHAP. LI. Intire Counter-marching of Files Command FIles to the Right Left Hand Counter-march maintaining ground Direction File-leaders turn off upon the ground you stand the rest moving up successively into the File-leaders place turning off until the Bringers-up come up into the Front after face to your Leader Command File-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders Command File-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders face to your Leader Command File-Leaders face to the Reer the rest pass through to the right or left following your Bringers-up and placing your selves behind your Leaders face all to your Leader Command File-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders following your Bringers up Command Files to the right and left Counter-march losing ground placing your selves before your Bringers-up Direction Every File-leader turn off upon the ground he stands on the rest successively doing the same until they come to the last Rank who need do no more then face about after face all to their Leader Command The last Rank stand the rest pass through to the right or left placing your selves behind your Bringers-up every man following his Leader Direction File-leaders turn off to the right or left the rest following successively until they are all clear of the Reer then face to their Leader Command Bringers-up stand the rest face about pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Bringers-up Command Bringers-up face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Bringers-up Direction Face all to the Reer and begin the Motion with the second Rank from the Reer moving forward every man placing himself before his Bringer-up to your Leader Command Counter-march your Front and Reer into the midst Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left Front Half-files turn off to the right to your Leader Command Front and Reer Half-files Counter-march to the right or left Direction This is to be done distinctly the Front half-files turning off to the right by themselves the Reer half-files turning off in like manner face to your Leader Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and half-file-leaders Command Counter-march your Front and Reer half-files to the right and left from the midst Direction Front half-files face about and turn off to the right Reer half-files turn off to the left to your Leader Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders and your half-file-leaders to your Leaders Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and half-file-leaders every man following his Bringer-up and the Bringers-up of the Front half-files Command File-leaders and half-file-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders and half-file-leaders following your Bringers-up Direction The File-leaders and the Half-file-leaders being first faced are to stand and the Bringers-up of the Front and Reer-half-files are to move forwards until they be cleer of the standing part after they are to face to the Reer which being ended they are again to face to the Front CHAP. LII Divisional Counter-marching of Files Command FIle-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction Half-files face about the Counter-march being ended and faced again to the Front command them to
move forwards and close their Divisions Command File-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction The two last Ranks from the Reer face about and then they are to begin the Motion together which being ended face them to the Front and the Half-files are to move forward and to close their divisions Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers-up following the Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files Direction Half-files face about this Motion is begun by the Bringers-up of each Division which being ended they are to face to their Leader the Half-files moving forwards closing their Divisions Command File-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your Leaders and your Bringers-up following the Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files Direction The two last Ranks from the Reer face about this Motion is begun by the Bringers-up of each Division who are to lead away the rest following until they be clear of the Front and Reer and after to face about placing themselves behind their Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files then facing to the Front the Half-files moving forwards closing their Divisions Command Counter-march to the right and left your Front and Reer-half-files from the midst losing ground every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Front-half-files face about and turn off to the right and the Half-file-leaders turn off to the left and march cleer of the Front and Reer and after the File-leaders the Bringers-up are but to face about and the Counter-march will be ended then face the Half-files to the Front let them move forward and close their Divisions Command Front and Reer-half-files interchange ground to the right or left marching cleer each from other Direction Front-half-files face about and pass through to your own right hands until you be cleer six foot of each other then face to the Front the Half-files moving forwards and closing their Divisions Command Front and Reer-half-files Counter-march to the right and interchange ground Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the right and Front-half-files at the same time doing the like moving forwards until they be cleer one of another six foot then facing to their Leader close their Divisions CHAP. LIII Intire Counter-marches of Ranks Command RAnks to the right-hand counter-marching maintaining ground Direction Face to the right the Right-hand-file that was turn off to the right the rest moving up into the same ground turning off likewise to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right face to the right the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves before your Right-hand-men Direction Face to the right and pass through as before exprest to your Leader Command The Right-hand-file face to the left the rest pass through to the right or left and place your selves behind your right-hand-men Direction Face to the right and move forwards and place your selves behind your right-hand-men to your Leader Command Ranks to the left-hand counter-march losing ground Direction The outmost is to turn off to the left about until he hath brought his Aspect unto the right Flank and so consequently all the rest moving still forwards until they have gained upon the outside of the right Flank so much ground as they have lost or that they have placed themselves before their right-hand-men by following their left-hand-men face to your Leader Command The Right-hand-file face to the left the rest pass through to the right following your left-hand-men and placing your selves behind your Right-hand-file Direction The outmost File upon the left face to the right and march through the Intervals towards the right Flank and when he is moved away the rest upon the left are successively to do the same until they have in lieu of that ground they formerly stood gained so much upon the out-file of the right Flank then facing about toward the left Flank after face to your Leader Command Ranks to the left-hand Counter-march maintaining ground Direction Face to the left and the left-hand-file that was turn off to the left on the same ground he stands the rest moving up successively doing the same to your Leader Command The left-hand-File stand the rest face to the left pass through and place your selves on the outside of your left-hand-men Direction The left-hand-File face to the left the rest pass through to the left and place your selves before your left-hand-men to your Leader Command The left-hand-File face to the right the rest face to the left pass through to the left and place your selves behind your left-hand-men Command The left-hand-File face to the left the rest pass through to the left and place your selves before your left-hand-men following your right-hand-men Direction Face all to the left and the outmost Files upon the right move forward upon the left the rest successively doing the same until you have all placed your selves before your left-hand-men to your Leader Command The left-hand-file face to the right the rest face to the left pass through to the left and place your selves behind your left-hand-men following your right-hand-men Direction The right-hand-File that was is to begin this Motion the rest are consequently to follow until they have gained as much ground on the outside of the left Flank as before they lost after face about to the right and after to their Leader Command Ranks to the right-hand counter-march every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man by following his right-hand-man Direction The left-hand-file stand the outmost File upon the right is to turn about to the right until he hath brought his aspect to the left Flank then moving forward until he be clear of the second File after the rest are to do the like forsaking the ground they stood upon and in lieu thereof to gain so much upon the outside of the left Flank placing themselves on the outside of their left-hand-men their aspects being to the Front Or you may command the outmost File upon the right to face to the left and so begin to lead until he be clear of the second File the rest doing the same until they have all placed themselves on the outside of their left-hand-men their aspects being to the Front which I conceive to be the easier way Command Counter-march your Flanks into the Midst Direction Face to the right and left outward right Flank turn off to the right left Flank turn off to the left until they meet in the midst to your Leader Command Right and left half-ranks Counter-march to the right or left Direction Face all to the right the right Half-ranks are to turn off to the right by themselves and the left Half-ranks in l ke manner to your Leader Command The outmost File upon
the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank stand the rest face to the right pass through and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men face to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the right and stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your right-hand-men face all to the right and the motion being ended face to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the left and stand the rest face to the right pass through and place your selves behind your right-hand-men to your Leader Direction For these three last Counter-marches is for the moving part to begin to Counter-march who are the next Files of the standing part and so to follow successively until they have performed the command and after to face to their Leader Command The right-hand-file of the left half-rank and the outmost File upon the right stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the out side of your right-hand-men following your outmost Files Direction The outmost Files are to face to the right and to lead away until they be clear of the next who likewise are to follow successively Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the right and stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your right-hand-men Direction Face all to the right and the outmost Files that were are to begin the motion placing themselves before their right-hand-men the rest following successively to your Leader Command The outmost File upon the right and the right-hand-file of the left Half-rank face to the left and stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your right-hand-men Direction The outmost Files are to turn about until they have brought their aspects unto the right Flank then move away until they be clear of the second File and in like manner they are to turn off doing the same until they have placed themselves behind their right-hand-men then facing to the left about and after to their Leader to even their Ranks and straighten their Files Command Counter-march your right and left Half-Ranks from the midst Direction Face inward right Half-ranks turn off to the right left Half-ranks turn off to the left to your Leader CHAP. LIV. Divisional Counter-marches of the right and left Half-ranks Command THe outmost File upon each Flank stand the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men Direction The rest face outward and begin the motion by the next Files the others following in order after to close their Files into the Midst to open Order Command The outmost File upon each Flank face outward and stand the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves before your outside men Direction The rest are to face outward and the next Files unto them that first faced are to begin the motion placing themselves before their outside men after face to their Leader and close Files into the midst to Order Command The outmost File upon each Flank face inward the rest pass through and place your selves behind your outside men Direction The rest are to face outward and to pass through to the right and left placing themselves behind their right and left-hand-men and after to move forward and close their Divisions and face to their Leader Command The outmost File upon each Flank stand the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men following your inmost Files Direction The inmost Files are to begin the motion moving away to the right and left until they be clear of their second Files and then they are to move away successively until they have all placed themselves on the outside of their right and left-hand-men and then close files into the midst to open Order Command The outmost Files upon each Flank face outward the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves before your right and left-hand-men following your inmost Files Direction The rest are likewise to face outward and the inmost Files are to begin the motion the rest following in order until they have placed themselves before their outside men after face to the Front and close Files into the midst to open Order Command The outmost File upon each Flank face inward the rest pass through to the right and left and place your selves behind your outside-men following the inmost Files Direction The rest are to face outward the inmost Files begin to move forward to the right and left the rest consequently do the same until they all stand behind their outside-men then facing to the right and left about closing their Divisions by moving forwards after face to the Front Command Counter-march your right and left Half-ranks from the midst losing ground and placing your selves before your outside-men Direction Face inward Right-half-ranks turn off to the right and Left-half-ranks turn off to the left and move forwards until you have placed your selves before your outside-men after face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to open order Command Right and Left-half-ranks interchange ground Direction Face inward and pass through to your own right-hand until you be cleer six foot each of other after face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to open order Command Right and left half-ranks Counter-march to the right and left and interchange ground Direction Face outward Right-half-ranks turn off to the right Left-half-ranks turn off to the left and march clear each of the other after face to the Front and close Files inward to open order Thus much may suffice to be spoken of all the several sorts and kinds of Counter-marches which if any shall conceive my pains fruitless in culling out such plenty and variety there being so few of them practised among able and knowing Souldiers my best apology will be The high and venerable esteem I had of Antiquity necessitated me thereunto as also to give full satisfaction to the Leaders of our private Meetings who of late have laboured to inure their Souldiers in the full practice thereof made me the willinger rather to undergo the censure of some then to incur the displeasure of many Yet by the way give me leave fully to declare my self concerning the use of them for my opinion is that of all the Motions tending to Martial Discipline these may the best be spared as being of little use and not so much as practised abroad upon service and therefore the fewer of them any Leader shall use in his Exercise in my judgement he doth the better not spending time in needless speeches telling of his Souldiers that this is the Macedonian this is the Lacedemonian or Chorean Counter-march Not to
lie under the censure my self of mispending time I come therefore briefly in the next place to treat of Wheelings being a subject more profitable for the intelligible Souldier CHAP. LV. Of Wheelings with their several uses HAving proceeded thus far in shewing all the several sorts and kinds of Military Motions it will now in the next place be expected that I speak somewhat of Wheelings and as formerly so now to set before the Souldier their several kinds and uses Wherefore take notice of two sorts Wheelings Angular and VVheelings on the Center which latter is commonly called the Prince of Orange his VVheeling being acted or performed by the Souldier two several ways that is to say Intire or Divisional Intire VVheelings to the Angles are when the Souldiers turn their Aspects from the Front proper to either of the Flanks or Reer whereby they may gain the VVind or Sun or some like advantage bringing their best Souldiers thither for to encounter an Enemy For the better performance of this Motion it will be convenient to close Ranks and Files into the midst to order and to keep their due distance both in Rank and File observing in their Ranks their right and left-hand-men following their Leaders always conforming themselves in their Motion to the most commendable Posture which is Pikes advanced Muskets poysed Wheeling the Battail on the Center is when they are so straightened with ground that they have not room to wheel to the right or left as in the former which gaineth as much more ground before the Front as formerly they stood on This Wheeling brings their best Souldiers to either of the Flanks or Reer I could wish that this Wheeling were more often practised amongst us for by it the Souldiers are better kept together in their Motion being not so apt to flie out as in the former Divisional Wheelings provided they have sufficient number of men are of singular good use to encounter several Enemies at one and the same time which the Front of our Battalia bringing our best Souldiers for to skirmish with them It is likewise useful to bring either Arms into Front Reer or both the Flanks for suppose the Muskettiers to be upon the Flanks and fearing a desperate charge of the Horse to fall upon them by a Division of Wheeling the Pikes are thither brought to receive their on-set and in the mean space the Muskettiers have time to recruit their Bandiliers again Much more might be spoken but my intent is not to fill my Book with impertinent discourses knowing what is already spoken is sufficient for the intelligible Souldier CHAP. LVI Intire Wheelings Command WHeel your Battail to the Right Left Right Left about Direction The right or the left-hand-men in the Front are the hinges of these Motions the rest have a greater compass to march then they to bring their Aspects unto the place commanded following their Leaders Command Wheel your Battail on the same ground to the Right Left Right Left about Direction The Left-half-ranks moveth forwards wheeling to the right and the right Half-ranks contrariwise faceth to the left side-wise falling backward moving still unto the place commanded CHAP. LVII Divisional Wheelings Command WHeel the Battail off by Division from the Front Direction Turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail off by Division from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail inward to the Reer Direction Open from the midst to convenient distance and turn off to the right and left Command Wheel the Battail inward to the Front from the Reer Direction Face to the Reer open from the midst and wheel inward to the Front Command Wheel off the Body by Division from the right Flank Direction Face to the right Command Wheel off the Body by Division from the left Flank Direction Face to the left Command VVheel the Body inward to the left Flank from the right Direction Face to the right and open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the left Flank Command Wheel the body inward to the right Flank from the left Direction Face to the left and open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the right Flank Command VVheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by Division Direction Half-files face about Front Reer-half-files turn off by Division Command Wheel your Front and Reer-half-files inward to the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files open outward to convenient distance to wheel inward to the midst of Ranks Command Wheel off your Front and Reer-half-files by Division from the midst of Ranks Direction Front-half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files wheel off to the right and left by Division Command Wheel Front and Reer-half-files inward both to the Front and Reer from the midst of Ranks Direction Front-half-files face about and Front and Reer-half-files open from the midst to convenient distance and wheel inward into Front and Reer Command Wheel off your right and left Half-ranks by Division Direction Face outward and wheel off to the right and left by Division Command Wheel your right and left Half-ranks inward to the midst of Files Direction Face outward and open to the right and left to convenient distance to wheel inward to the midst of Files Command Wheel off your right and left Half-ranks by Division from the midst of Files Direction Face inward and cause them to move backward to convenient distance to wheel off by Division from the midst of Files Command Wheel your right and left Half-ranks inward to both Flanks from the midst of Files Direction Face inward and open to the right and left to convenient distance to wheel inward to both Flanks Command Wheel the outward Angles to the right and left about to the Center Direction Face to the outward Angles and close Ranks and Files to close order and the Angles on the right turn off to the right the Angles on the left turn off to the left Command Wheel the inward Angles to the right and left about inward from the Center Direction Face to the inward Angles or to the Center and wheel about to the right and left inward from the Center These are all the intire and divisional Wheelings that have hitherto been practised by any according to my best observation there are other Wheelings which may properly be term'd Doublings which I have placed amongst the Doublings where they more properly belong Now if any shall demand of me a reason why I have omitted the Reducements to each particular Command my answer thereunto is easie for as in the Counter-marches so in these they may be reduced by three or four words of Command except a Commander shall of set purpose keep them off from the same to make some experiment After any wheeling is performed face them after to the first Front and command them to even their Ranks and straighten their Files they will
6 7  2 3   4     5   Command The Middle-rank double inward File-wise and move a little forward  1   8  7  6 6  3  4   5  Command Half-file of the middle file double your Front to the left Front-division face to the right and move one pace to your Leader  4 1   5 8  7   2 6   3 Command The left-hand-File in the Front face about and march clear of the Reer face to your Leader The middle File double to the left Rank-wise Files close into the midst to Order Files rank outward into the Reer and then begin from the right to wheel them about to the left in a Ring   1    2  8  3    7  4  6    5   Command Files close into the midst to Order the first Rank close inward to colse Order the third Rank open outward to open Order the last man in the Reer move even abrest with the Rank that is before you    1      2  8    3    7  4   5   6 Command Files open to the right and left until you stand straight with your Bringers-up the rest moving forwards until they have ranged even abrest with the first man 2 1 8 3  7 4 5 6 Command Angle-men face to the four Angles the middle-men in the outmost Files face inward the middle-man in the Front face about march ail three paces Face to your Leader 2    8   1    3  7    5   4    6 Reducement The last man in the Reer of the middle File face about middle File march clear of the standing part Files close into the midst to Order the last man in the Reer fall in the Reer of the right-hand-File the first man in the Front move to the left and fall in the Front of the left-hand-file close your Ranks and Files forward to Order and make an even Front Files double your depth to the left every man falling behind his bringer-up reduceth them CHAP. LXIX The way to make twelve several Figures of Battail with a File ten deep with their Reducement Command FAce to the right and wheel your Front into the midst Face after to your Leader 5 4 3 2 1 6 7 8 9 10 Command The last men in the Reer of the outmost Files face about outmost Files move clear of the standing part face inwards and close your Divisions to your Leader  5  1  4  3  2 7  8  9  6  10  Command The last man of the middle File and the last Rank face about the first Rank and the last Rank and the middle File move forwards two paces the rest open outward two paces to your Leader  5  1    3   4    2 7    9   8    6  10  Command The last man in the Front-division advance forward three foot before the Front the first man of the Reer-division face about and move three foot behind the Reer the outmost Files double ranks inward Ranks close forwards to Order and face to your Leader    3      5  1   4 7    9 2   6  10      8    Command The first man in the Front face about the last man in the Reer stand the rest face outwards march all until the first and the last man meet face all to your Leader middle-men double to the Right rank-wise and close outward to Order  5   1  4 7 3 8 9 2  6   10  The two middle-men in the Body face about and move cleer of the Reer three foot face to your Leader middle-men of the outmost Files close inward to order  5   1  4  7 9  2  6   10    3 8   Command Middle-man upon the right of the second Rank advance forward three foot before the Front the three first men in the Front and middle-man of the second Ranks move forwards three paces the rest closing inward one pace    9      5  1      7    4      2  6    10    3  8   Command The last Rank open outward to double distance and the next Rank open outward to open Order and the third Rank from the Reer to close inward to Order     9       5    1       7        4  2     6      10  3        8 Command The second man from the Front face about move down and range even with the Reer outmost men of the last Rank advance forward and range even with the second Ranks from the Front the last Rank move forwards until they have exceeded three foot the next Rank that stands before them Divisions on the Wings face outward move two paces to your Leader     9        5  1     6      10  3  4    2  8     7     Command Front-division face about and march down even with the Reer the last man move forwards to order to your Leader  6   9   10  3  4 5  1 2  8     7     Command Middle-division advance forward cleer of the standing part Divisions in the Reer close inwards to order wheel your Reer into the midst to your Leader    9      5  1      7     4    2  6      10  3    8  Command The last Rank close inward to order and to double to the left File-wise the second man from the Reer move forwards into the second Rank that is before you    9      5  1      7     4  3  2  6      10    8    Reducement The first man in
the Front move a little to the right the second man from the first Rank double the first man to the left Rank-wise the first Rank wheel off by Division and double the last man in the Reer to the right and left Rank-wise Ranks close forwards to Order face to your Leader   5  1    4  3  2  6      10  7  8  9  Reducement The first and second Rank face about the first Rank double the second to the right and left outward to your Leader the last Rank move forward and even your Ranks and straighten their Files wheele Front and Reer to the left Flank the last Rank face about before they wheele then facing to their Leader they are reduced CHAP. LXX Twelve several Figures of Battail with a File twelve deep with their Reducement Command FRont Half-file double your Reer to the left face to your Leader Half-files double your Front to the left 10 7 4 1 11 8 5 2 12 9 6 3 Command The middlemost men upon each Flank face outward the two middle-men of the last Rank face about Those that are thus faced and the two middle-men of the first Rank move forward to your Leader three paces the first and the last Rank stand the rest move outwards two paces face to your Leader    7 4     10     1  11  8   1  2  12     3     9 6    Command The outmost Divisions open from the midst almost to twice double distance the first Rank face about and rank even with the midst of Ranks face to your Leader The last Rank double to the right File-wise the second man from the Reer advance forward and place himself three foot before the middle-men the last man at the same time closing forward to Order  10    6    1  11  8  7  4  5  2  12    9    3  Command The outmost Division upon the right move away the rest successively falling in the Reer of them until they stand straight after the first Division  1  5  2  3   6  7  4  9   10  11  8  12  Command The outmost man upon the left of the middle Division to open to the left to double distance the rest of that Division to face to the right and to move clear of the standing part face to your Leader the last man in the Front face about ro the last Division the first man of the Front-Division and the first man of the Reer-Division to move forwards and to close to open Order after facing to the left Flank closing to the outmost man to Order face to your Leader and after face all to the Center and move a little forward to your Leader    1      5  2    3    6  7      4  10    9    11  8      12    Command The outmost man upon the right and the outmost man upon the left close inward to Order   1    5  2  3    6  7  4  10    9  11  8    12   Command The two middle men move forth to the right and left three foot clear of the standing part the first man in the Front face about the first man in the Front and the last man in the Reer move into the second that is before you to your Leader   5  2    3  1  6  7      4  10  12  9    11  8   Command The two outmost men upon each Flank close inward to open Order  5  2  3  1  6  7  4  10  12  9  8  11  Command Face all to Front Reer and both Flanks and the four middle then move forwards into the Rank that is before them and they will stand in a Square face to your Leader  5 1 2  3    6 7    4 10    9  11 12 8  Command Files rank outward the middleman of the first Rank move forward and place himself three foot before his right and left-hand-man the outmost and the middle man of the last Rank move backward and place himself three-foot behind the Reer-division close forwards to open order     1        5  2    10 7 3    6 4 9    11  8        12     Command The first and the last Rank move to the left one pace and after double to the right File-wise the Middle-rank close inward to order    1       2       5    10 7 3  6 4 9    8       11       12    Command The two outmost men of the Middle-rank face about move down and range even abrest with the middle-man of the Reer-division closing inward to order and facing to the Front even men from the left move forwards and rank even abrest with the middle-man of the Front-division and close inward to order the outmost-men open outward to double distance   1    3 2 4    5   7    6   8    10 11 9    12   Command Reer-division face about and move two paces the outmost-man upon the left face about to the right with the last man in the Reer of each Division face to your Leader and move forward two paces    1    3  2  4   5  6    7  8  10   11  9    12   Reducement Reer-division face about middle man of the first Rank of each division move forward and rank two to the left into Front and Reer Files close into the midst to order Ranks close forwards to order Half-files double the Front to the right intire Ranks rank outward into the Front every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-men Ranks file to the right and left inward Files double your depth to the left
face to your Leader It might be expected that I should shew the several Charges upon all these Figures but in regard I may perhaps meet with some of them again in greater Bodies or the like I shall for present pass them over and in those places endeavour to give them the best satisfaction I can In the mean time they may with ease finde out in every one of them such Charges as may instruct the Souldiers how to fight whether it be Front Rear both Flanks or Angles they may be shewn and exercised in them according to the discretion of him that shall command them whether they be Muskettiers or Pike-men And therefore thus much shall suffice concerning the exercising of a File for matter of Figures In the next place followeth Exercise of greater Bodies The end of the first Book THE COMPLEAT BODY OF The Art Military The Second BOOK CHAP. I. Concerning the Artillery and the Military Gardens together with the Private Meetings in and about the City of LONDON THe great delight in handling of Arms in Military Exercises makes the City of London and the Suburbs thereof famous through the whole World by reason as I conceive of those two great Nurseries or Academies of Military Discipline the Artillery and Military Garden from whom as out of pure Fountains all other our Private Meetings as of Townditch and Cripplegate c. are derived The Artillery Gardens deserves the first place in respect it is the greatest Meeting from whence as it were out of a Nursery have been transplanted many able knowing Souldiers both at home and in foraign Countries to the great honour of our Nation The Military Garden is famous likewise for the great improvement of divers worthy persons of quality daily thither resorting whose excellent skill in Military Exercises hath raised many of them to high preferment here at home and to places of honourable command abroad The Captains in chief of these Academies are Major General Skippon and Major Henry Tyllier which later was the first that ever shewed in the Military Garden of which I am a member the marching of the Souldiers in a Regimental way whose great pains amongst us deserves much honour and high commendation shewing unto us such variety of matter in a Souldier-like way as was never before seen by any member thereof Not to eclipse the fore-mentioned Private Meetings in London but to give them that due which belongs unto them they likewise are of great honour and fame for their frequent exercising of their Souldiers in the handling of their Arms whether it be of the Pike or Musket and instructing them in the knowledge of Drilling and drawing up of Companies and Bodies of men furnishing both Kingdoms with able knowing Souldiers My hearty wishes therefore are that all and every one of them may be propt up and supported to all ages that when need shall require we may draw from these Fountains such skilful and experienced Commanders and Officers as may be as it were a Bulwark to this our Nation Not to dwell any longer upon this discourse I come therefore briefly to set forth several Exercises formerly practised by me amongst those loving Gentlemen of Town-ditch according to the usual numbers there appearing whether they be great or small practised for the most part with 24 or 32 men and sometimes although seldom with 64 men unless it were upon general days when they were drawn forth into the field at such times perhaps there might be an appearance of greater numbers as 120 and upwards My purpose therefore is to pitch upon and to make use of all and every one of these numbers making 12 Exercises dividing them by threes until I have run over them all conceiving them sufficient for the industrious to gather from thence matter enough for his intended Exercise And for the more enabling of them I shall endeavour in these curious times to walk along in as plain a way as possibly may be giving directions unto all Words of Command for the better performance of the same wishing all my loving fellow-Souldiers to conceive well of my good meaning intended to them desiring withall to be rightly informed of what part soever they fall upon that they proceed leasurely and orderly in the same which will not only be an encouragement unto the Author from whom they gather their Exercises but will bring much praises and commendation to themselves But to leave every one to their own best thoughts whilest I proceed to practise what before promised concerning the several Exercises following CHAP. II. The first Exercise of four Files six deep EAch File-leader as being his duty having gone over the Postures shewing and instructing his File with their uses and neat handling of their Arms hearing the Drums beat a Call for all to repair and stand to their Arms begin to lead up their Files according to Order the Leader then closing their Ranks and Files to close Order craving their silence may proceed to shew unto them all their several Distances and Facings according unto the former rule set down and after he may proceed to Doublings if he pleaseth as followeth CHAP. III. A Doubling consisting of sixteen in number every one differing from the other and not reduced until the last Word of Command Command FIles file to the right intire advancing Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Half-files double your Front to the left Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the right intire Command Right-half-ranks double your left Flank intire advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the right intire Command Left-half-ranks double intire the Depth of your right Flank Command Files file to the left intire advancing Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the right and left outward following your Leaders Direction Reer-half-files face about the File-leaders are to turn off to the right and left the rest are to follow them until they are marched down into the Reer and have doubled it to the right and left outward Command Half-files double your Front inward intire Command The two outmost Files upon each Flank double intire the Depth of the inmost Files Direction The two outmost Files face about inward and move streight down cleer of the standing part afterwards face inward march and close your Divisions to your Leader Command Front-half-files double your Reer inward intire Direction Reer-half-files face about and move outward cleer of the standing part Front-half-files face about march down and even the Reer to your Leader Command The two outmost Files upon each Flank double intire advancing the four inmost Files Direction The two outmost Files move forward cleer of the standing part face inward march and close your Divisions face to your Leader Command Double your Files inward intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Direction The two inmost Files stand the two outmost Files move forwards and double your inmost Files intire advancing
placing your selves before your Leaders Command Half-files double your Front to the right they are reduced CHAP. IV. Eight several Counter-marches with their Reducement Command FIle-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders Command The Right-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers-up Command The outmost File upon each Flank stand the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves before your outside-men Direction Face outward and pass through to the right and left placing your selves before the outmost Files to your Leader and close your Divisions to open Order Command Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers-up Direction The five first Ranks are to face about the next Rank to the Reer is first to begin the Motion the rest are successively to follow until the Leaders are become the Bringers-up Command The Left-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the left and place your selves on the out side of your left-hand-men Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Leaders and Bringers-up Direction The first and the two next Ranks from the Reer face about the two first Ranks from the Front and the two last Ranks from the Reer move forwards placing your selves behind your Leaders and your Bringers-up face to to your Leader and close your Divisions Command The outmost File upon each File face inward the rest pass through to the right and left placing your selves behind your right and left-hand-men CHAP. V. Ten several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel the Front-half-files inward into the midst and double your Reer inward intire Direction Half-files face outward and march cleer of the standing part after face to the Reer Front-half-files open from the midst to open Order after Wheeling to the right and left inward into the Reer to your Leader Command Right and Left-half-ranks double the depth of the Battail by Wheeling into the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel to the left and Left-half-ranks wheel to the right to your Leader Command Wheel off the Front-half-files and double the Reer by division Direction Half-files face about and Front-half-files wheel off by Division moving down even with the Reer to your Leader Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double your left Flank to the right intire Direction Face outward and Right-half-ranks wheel about to the left and move away and double the left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files double the Depth of the Battail by wheeling into the Front and Reer Direction Half-files face to the Reer and Front and Reer-half-files wheel to the right and left inward face to your Leader and close your Divisions Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank by Division Direction Face outward and Left-half-ranks wheel off by Division and move even with the right Flank to your Leader Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double the Front to the right intire Direction Half-files face about and wheel to the left until you have ranged even with the Front Command Wheel your Battail off by Division from the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel about to the right and left Half-ranks wheel about to the left and move down to the Reer face to your Leader and close into the midst to order Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank to the left intire Direction Face outward Left-half-ranks wheel about to the right and move forward and double the right Flank to the left intire to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front-Half-files and double the Reer to the left intire Direction Half-files face about and Front-half-files wheel about to the right move down and range even with the Reer face to your Leader reduceth them CHAP. VI. Six Figures of Battail with several Firings thereunto belonging Command RAnks and Files close to order they will stand us underneath is set forth from which we will draw our Figures after we have fired upon this Platform three or four times Command Double your Files inward intire advancing The first firing Let the first two Ranks advance forward ten paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right and left placing themselves before the Front of Pikes the next two Ranks and so the rest successively doing the like until they have Fired once over which reduceth them The second firing Let the first Rank advance three paces give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the rest doing the like until all have Fired once over as before The third firing Let them give Fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left and Flank the Pikes The fourth firing Let them Fire even with the Front and fall in with the Reer of the Pikes which being ended let the Pikes charge on Reducement Muskettiers double your Front by Division Command The first two Ranks stand the rest face outward and move cleer of the standing part to your Leader the two last Ranks move outward side-ways two paces The first firing Let every Division give Fire on the same ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let them advance forwards until they be cleer of the Pikes give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after moving down into their places Command Front-division advance forward three paces the two next Divisions move outward one pace Pikes in each Division face about and move two paces to your Leader Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer advance forwards and range even in Front and Reer with the Middle-divisions of Pikes the first Rank of Pikes in the Front-division move three foot cleer of the standing part The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let them give Fire to Front Reer and both Flanks altogether Direction Reer-divisions face outward the last Rank of Pikes and Muskettiers of the Front-division face to the Reer the last Rank of Muskettiers move down cleer of the Reer and close inward to order then last the Pikes port and after the Muskettiers have Fired charge on then retreating into their places again Command The first and the last Rank of Pikes face about and move down cleer of the Reer and close Ranks forwards to order outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about move down and flank your own divisions of Pikes The first Division of Pikes move forward and range even abrest with your own Division of Muskettiers the Front-division of Muskettiers closing into the midst to order The first firing Let the Front-division give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right
and left move down and Flank the Reer-division of Pikes The second firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down upon the inside of the next division of Pikes and after face to their Leader The third firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Flanks move up into the room of the former and Fire falling in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places again the Muskettiers on the inside moving up into their places again The fourth firing Let the Reer-division face about then let them Fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves let the Pikes charge and after ordering their Arms their Reer-division facing to their Leader the Muskettiers thereof may move up into their places again Command The outmost divisions face outward and move two paces face to your Leader move up until you range even abrest with the second divisions next the Front Reer-division move streight forward two paces The first firing Let them all give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the Muskettiers advance forwards until they be cleer of the Front-division and then rank outward and Fire altogether after filing inward as they were move down again into their places the Pikes at the same time charging and after order their Arms. Command Front-division advance forward three paces the outmost division upon the Flanks move up and range even with the Front The first firing Direction for the same let them all face to the Reer and the middle-division of Muskettiers move forwards and flank the Reer-division of Pikes after let all the Muskettiers advance forwards three foot cleer of their own divisions of Pikes and give Fire falling in the Reer of themselves and after facing about move into their places again The second firing Let them Fire as they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves and the Pikes in the Reer may charge on and after facing to their Leader Command The outmost divisions face inward march three paces and the next two divisions face outward and move two paces to your Leader Reer-division move outward until you stand streight with the Front-divisions The first firing Let the Front-Division of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after moving down in the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into the Front firing in like manner moving down and exchanging places with them in the Reer The second firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Flanks move forward even with the Front give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move down into their places again and face to their Leader The third firing Let them face to the Front reer and both Flanks and let the Pikes port and the Muskettiers give fire The fourth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of the Pikes the Pikes charging whilest the Muskettiers make ready again The fifth firing Let the Pikes charge at foot and the Muskettiers give fire over their heads then recovering their Arms face to their Leader Reducement Front-Divisions face about Front and Reer-Divisions march and interchange ground to your Leader The out-most Divisions face inward and close your Divisions to your Leader even your Ranks and streighten your Files and close to Order they are reduced The Captain may now command the Muskettiers to poyse their Arms and file away to the right and left making as it were a Street or Gallery for him to troop away the Pikes and lodge his Colours CHAP. VII The second Exercise with four Files six deep THe Souldiers being the second time summoned to appear at their place of Rendezvous the Sergeants having drawn forth the Files may give liberty to the Leaders thereof to exercise them in their several Postures which being ended their Captain or other Officers may command them to lead up their Files and to joyn them into a Body after which he may shew unto them their Distances and Facings with their several kinds following the former rule and after proceed to these or the like Doublings following CHAP. VIII Eighteen several Doublings with their reducements Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Command Double your files to the right intire advancing Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right intire Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank to the left Direction Face all to the right and left-half-ranks move forward and double your right Flank to the left to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the left intire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank intire advancing Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank inward intire Direction Half-files of the right half-ranks face about right half-ranks move cleer of the standing part face all to the right left half-ranks move forwards into the right Flank to your Leader Command The three first and the three last Ranks double the six middle-most intire to the left Flank Direction The three first and the three last face to the left march cleer of the standing part face inward move and close your Divisions to your Leader Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank to the right Direction Face all to the left and right half-ranks move forwards and double your left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the right intire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank inward intire Command The three first and the three last Ranks double the six middle-most Ranks intire to the right Flank Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank intire advancing Command Front half-files double your Reer to the left intire Command Half-files double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Direction Half-files face about File-leaders turn off to the left and move down upon the right of the Reer the rest following successively to your Leader Command Files double your Depth to the left intire they are reduced being faced to their Leader CHAP. IX Twelve several Counter-marches with their reducements Command FIles to the right hand countermarch losing ground Command Ranks to the right hand counter-march losing ground Direction Face all to the right Command Front and Reer half-files inter-change ground Direction Front half-files face about to the left Command Right and left half-ranks inter-change ground Direction Face inward Command File-leaders face about the rest pass through to the right a place your selves behinde your Leaders face to the Front Command Counter-march your Front and Reer into the midst Command Counter-march your Flanks into the midst Face out-ward Command File-leaders and Half-file-leaders stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and Half-file-leaders Direction The second Rank from the Front and from the
Reer and then give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the Muskettiers move forwards and the inmost Division rank outward into Front and Reer and then give Fire altogether and file as they were the Pikes may charge whilst they make ready and fall into their places again they may continue upon this Firing a second time The third firing Let the Muskettiers and the two outmost men of the Pikes face to both Flanks and likewise the Middle-divisions of Pikes are to face to both Flanks after this manner the first two of the Reer-division are to face to the right and the two last men of the Front-division are to face to the left then let the Muskettiers give fire to both Flanks and the Pikes may after charge to the Front Reer and both Flanks until the Muskettiers make ready again this Firing may be continued twice to your Leader Command The outmost single men of Muskettiers in the Front-divion face about the two outmost men of Muskettiers both of Front and Reer-divisions move forward and close to order face to your Leader and close inward to open Order The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down into the Reer the rest moving up successively giving Fire and falling off in like manner this may be continued twice over then face them to the Reer and let the Muskettiers rank to the right and left outward The second firing Let the first Rank of each Division give Fire and fall off to the right and left in manner and form of the former Firing until they have Fired twice over then to file as they were and face to their Leader Command Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes move to the right one pace the second Division of Pikes move forward and double the Front to the left the second Division of Pikes from the Reer face about move down and double the Pikes in the Reer to the left to your Leader Middle-divisions of Muskettiers open outward to twice double distance face all to the Center and march two or three paces to your Leader The first firing The three last Divisions face to the Reer the two outmost men both of Pikes and Muskettiers face to the Flanks then let them all give Fire and fall in the Reer of the Pikes the Pikes may charge while the Muskettiers make ready again The second firing Let the Muskettiers move forth and give Fire as at first and after fall in again The third firing Let them give Fire by Extraduction and fall again in the Reer of the Pikes The fourth firing Let the Pikes charge the Horse and the Muskettiers give Fire altogether over their heads then move forth into their first places and face to their Leader Command Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers open outward to double distance the outmost men of Pikes close inward to open order the third Rank of Pikes from the Front face about the third Rank of Pikes from the Front and the third Rank of Pikes from the Reer move forwards to order face to your Leader Front and Reer-divisions stand the rest face outward and move two paces to your Leader The first firing Let the first Divisions Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheeling off to the right and left into the place of those Muskettiers in the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their places and firing falling off in like manner the Muskettiers may give Fire on the ground they stand falling in the Reer of themselves This firing being twice performed we proceed to another The second firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers and those upon the Flanks give Fire and fall in the midst of Pikes in the mean time the last Division of Pikes may open outward until they be cleer of the standing part then let Pikes charge all whilst the Muskettiers make ready again This firing may be performed twice after which let them move forth into their places again and face to Front and Reer and give Fire and fall off in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge which being ended face them to their Leader Command The last Rank of Pikes of the Middle-division face about middle-division of Pikes move forward until you range even abrest with the midst of the Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes to your Leader the last man of the outmost divisions of Muskettiers face about outmost-men move forward three paces and face to your Leader Ranks of the Front and Reer-divisions open from the midst to open order Reer-divisions move forward two paces The first firing Let them Fire to the Front and fall in between the Pikes this may be done twice after which face to the Front and Reer and Fire there in the same manner then let Pikes and Muskettiers intercharge ground let them give Fire altogether unto Front and Reer then facing about interchange ground with the Pikes who are to charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready then retreating let them all face outwards and they will stand in form like a Saw after they have moved two paces The second firing Let the Muskettiers give Fire altogether to both Flanks and the Pikes to charge on after retreating they may order their Arms and face all to their Leader Reducement The outmost Muskettiers upon the Flanks move to right and left inward placing themselves in the midst of their own divisions the outmost men of Pikes to stand the rest to double Ranks to the left and the first Rank of Pikes to double to the right File-wise and the second Rank from the Reer to double to the left File-wise after let the outmost men of Pikes double their inmost Files into the midst then moving forward their divisions evening their Front closing Files to the midst to order they are reduced And now we will lodge our Colours and repose our selves until by the beat of the Drum we shall be summon'd to make our appearance CHAP. XII The third Exercise with four Files six deep BEing the third time brought into the Field compleatly arm'd where being drawn forth into Files and by the Leaders thereof exercised as before they are commanded to lead up their Files yet not presuming to place themselves but leaves that to the discretion of their Superiour Officers who knows best the desert of each particular man But by the way give me leave in this place to tell the Souldiers and Leaders of our private Meetings that this decorum is not rightly observed the Souldier thinking himself wiser then his Leader presumes to chop and change by Counter-marching of his File making some part of the Reer to be more honourable then the Front which cannot be for the youngest Souldier there is of more honor then the eldest in the Reer in regard it is the more honorable part of the Battalia therefore it is plain that they take more upon them then becomes them for no File-leader
ought to meddle with his File in matter of motions without consent of the superior Officers neither ought the Leader either through favour or out of malice when all the Files are joyned into one compleat Body to Countermarch the Files and after proceeding to other Motions depriving thereby the Leaders thereof of their due honour for else why just in the time of Exercise or Marching should one single File as the right or left be Countermarched if he bore not malice to some thrusting them by this unsouldier-like way out of their places and through favour or affection often times putting men of little desert into their places To leave this discourse not pleasing to some let the Commander draw forth one File of Pikes and double it by the Half-file and send a Serjeant to fetch the Colours and after closing his Ranks and Files to Order he may begin to make some alteration in the exercising of them in their Motions spending his time altogether upon Inversion and Conversion CHAP. XIII Thirty several Words of Command of Inversion and Conversion Command RAnks rank entire to the left into the Front Direction The first Rank stand the rest face to the left and successively move into the Front Command Ranks rank four to the left Direction The first four upon the left stand the rest face to the left and by fours fall successively behind the first four upon the left Command Files rank outward into the Front Direction The inmost Files stand the rest open outward to double distance and after rank outward into the Front Command Ranks file three to the right and left outward by wheeling Direction The three outmost men upon the right and left wheel to the right and left outward the rest doing the like by threes after close into the midst to Order and face to their Leader Command Files rank inward into the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and move to the right and left inward into the Reer to your Leader Command Ranks file six to the right and left outward advancing Direction The outmost man upon the right and left stand the rest move outward until they be six in a File and the next outmost men are to stand the other doing the like and after close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank inward into the midst of Ranks Direction Front Half-files face about and right and left Half-ranks open from the midst to double distance the rest open outward to Order and move to the right and feft inward to the midst of Ranks to your Leader and close Files inward to Order Command Ranks file 12 to the right and left inward every man placing himself before the Leaders and Bringers up of the middle Files Direction Ranks open backward to double distance the middle File stand the rest advance forwards and file twelve to the right and left inward placing themselves before the Leaders and Bringers-up of the middle Files Command Files rank six to the right and left inward Direction Files open from the midst to double distance and move three to the right and three to the left inward until you have made four Ranks six abrest after close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks rank outward into Front and Reer every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction Half-Files face about and rank to the right and left outward into Front and Reer as is commanded face to your Leader and close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks file 12 to the right and left inward every man placing himself behind the Leaders and Bringers-up of the middle Files Direction Ranks open backward to double distance the middle Files stand the rest move side-ways to the right and left and place your selves behind the Leaders and Bringers up of the middle Files Command Files rank six to the right and left inward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The three last Ranks of the Front and Reer Half-files face about and Files open outward to double distance and move to the right and left inward into Front Reer and Midst making four Ranks six abrest after face to your Leader and close Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks rank outward into the Midst Direction Front Half-files face about and move outward and rank to the Midst and face to your Leader Command Ranks wheel to the right and left outward Direction Half-files face about and wheel to the right and left outward into both the Flanks face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to Order Command Files rank six to the right and left outward into Front Reer and Midst Direction The three last Ranks of the Front and Reer Half-files face about and rank outward three to the right and three to the left into Front Reer and Midst face to your Leader and close Ranks and Files to their distance of Order Command Ranks file to the right entire advancing Direction The outmost File stand the rest move forward and file to the right entire advancing Command Files rank three to the right Direction The first three men from the Front rank three to the right the rest successively doing the same closing Ranks forward to Order Command Ranks wheel to the left Direction Ranks open backward to open Order and wheel to the left Command Files rank six to the left Direction The first six men rank six to the left the rest successively doing the same until they have made four Ranks six abrest then close Ranks forwards to Order Command Ranks rank outward into the midst every man placing himself on the outsidst of his right and left-hand-man Direction Front Half-files face about and Front and Reer Half-files rank outward into the midst placing your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men face to your Leader Command Ranks wheel three to the right and left outward Direction The last Rank face about and wheel by threes to the right and left outward towards both Flanks face to your Leader and close Files to the right to Order they will stand four abrest and six deep Command Files file outward entire advancing Direction The outmost File stand the rest advance forward and place your selves before the outmost Files after close Files into the midst to Order Command Files file to the right Direction The right-hand-File stand the rest face about and fall in the Reer of your right-hand-File to your Leader Command Files file twelve to the right Direction The first twelve stand the other move forward filing twelve to the right Command Files wheel inward into Front and Reer Direction Files open from the midst to twice double distance after face inward and wheele six to the right and six to the left until you have made two Ranks twelve abrest face to your Leader and close Ranks forwards to Order Command Ranks wheele inward to both the Flanks Direction Ranks open from the midst to twice double distance the first Rank face about the first and the
last Rank wheel six to the right and six to the left inward to both the Flanks face to your Leader and close Files to the midst to order Command Files file three to the right and left outward into Front and Reer Direction Half-files face about the three first and the three last Ranks are to stand the rest are to move by threes filing to Front and Reer to the right and left outward and after face to the Front and close their Ranks forwards to order Command Files file to the midst by Division Direction Half-files of the outmost Files face about and the outmost Files move forwards and file by Division unto the midst of Files face to your Leader Command Files rank inward into the Front Direction Files open from the midst to twice double distance and move forward to the right and left inward into the Front Command Ranks file six to the right and left outward Direction The outmost men are to stand the rest are to move side-ways to the right and left making six in a File and then the next outside men in like manner are to stand the rest successively are to file as before CHAP. XIV Next followeth several Figures of Battail with Firings upon the same for the performance whereof Command BRingers-up to double their Front to the right and left inward and Ranks and Files to open to open order and Muskettiers to close outward to close order the inmost Files of Pikes close outward to the same distance and they will stand in four Divisions after let the Middle-rank in each Division open outward to open order they will produce the first Figure The first firing Let the first Rank give Fire and wheel off to the right and left and place themselves in the room of them in the Reer and they at the same time moving forwards in their places and give Fire as the first after wheel off into their places again The second firing Let the Middle-ranks advance three foot before the Front and give Fire face about and move down into their places again Command The last Rank in each Division move to the left one pace and double to the right File-wise and then advance forward until their first men exceed two foot the Front of each Division then let the first Rank open outward to open order and the last Rank close inward to the same distance The first firing Let the middle File give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves The second firing Let the first Rank give fire on the ground they stand and after fall off to the right and left into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their ground and give fire in like manner and fall off into their places again and then the Pikes may charge on whilest the Muskettiers make ready again Command Face all about middle File move forward three foot clear of the Reer the first Rank close inward to Order the last Rank open outward something more then to open Order Upon this Figure let the first man in each division kneel down and then to give fire altogether over one anothers heads the Pikes at the same time charging brest-high to the Horse then face all to their first Front Command The last men in the Reer double to the left Rank-wise Files close into the midst to Order Muskettiers double your Pikes inward entire advancing and move forward three paces Files double your depth to the right and left outward of each Arms every man falling behind his Bringer-up Front Half-files double your Reer entire into the midst Files double to the right and left outward Files file to the right entire advancing which being done wheel them to the right about into a Ring in form as followeth Upon this Figure let the Pikes charge round and the Muskettiers give fire all together which being ended let the Commander go to the place where the File-Leader stands and wheel them off again to the left until he hath brought them into one straight File and then proceed Command Half-files double your Front to the right Ranks double to the right and left inward Files double outward entire advancing Half-files of each Arms double your Ranks forwards to the left Front Half-files double the Reer to the left Files file to the left entire advancing and wheel about into a Ring then face all to the Center and close Files of each Arms to the right and left inward to close Order Command Middle-men in each Division move backward and place your selves two foot behind your right and left-hand-men face all about to the right and close Ranks inward to Order Upon this Figure let them Fire by circumduction after this manner let the odd men of Pikes port and then the odd Muskettier where the first Front was is to give Fire and to move away to the left and the next odd man of Muskettiers upon the right immediately comes stooping underneath the Pikes into the first mans place Firing in like manner moving away into the next odd mans place of the Muskettiers upon the left the rest doing the same until the Muskettier come into his place again Command Face all to the Center odd men move forwards and place your selves two foot before the right and left-hand-men after face all to the right about Upon this Figure you may Fire likewise by way of circumduction the Pikes porting all round and having performed one Firing in this manner in the next place let the odd Muskettiers and Pikes move forth again and kneel down the odd Pike-men charging at foot the Muskettiers may give Fire altogether then let them face to the Center and let the odd men move forwards and place themselves between the right and left-hand-men then moving and closing their ring let them face all about to the right Then let the Captain go where the Leader of the File stands and wheel him about to the left the rest following until they be all brought again into one streight File Command Files file three to the left into the Front Files double to the right intire advancing Front-half-files move forwards three paces Files double your depth to the right of each Division Half-files double your Front intire into the midst The two first and the two last men of Pikes upon each Flank face inward the two Middle-ranks face outward the two last Ranks of Muskettiers face about march all three paces to your Leader To pass by the Firings which may be performed upon this Figure I shall proceed from hence to draw another Command The outmost divisions of Muskettiers close inward to order Front and Reer Divisions of Pikes open outward to double distance Pikes double inward Rank-wise and they will stand as followeth Upon this Figure Fire to the Front in their several Divisions one after another and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right into the Reer the rest of the Divisions
moving forward in their room doing the like until all have fired over twice Command Muskettiers double your Ranks outward in each Division and they will stand as underneath Upon this Figure as in the former they may Fire likewise to the Front falling down into the Reer and after every Rank successively moving up into the Front may Fire and fall off in like manner this Firing may be done twice to the Front and being faced to the Reer they may there give Fire after this manner and after face to their first Front Command Muskettiers double to the right and left inward File-wise middlemost division of Muskettiers face outward and march until you have placed your selves in Front and Reer of the outmost Divisions of Pikes The last Rank of Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers double to the right File-wise and move forward until your first men exceed two foot the Front of each division which occasioneth the next Figure It is now high time that we put a period to this Exercise wherefore let the Ensign unfurl his Colours the Souldiers shoulder their Arms and the Drum beat a march upon which the Ensign being in the midst may display his Colours so long as shall be convenient and after the Leader may proceed to their reducement as followeth Reducement Middle-file of Muskettiers face about and march cleer of your own Divisions and double to the left Rank-wise Muskettiers close inward to order Pikes double to the right and left outward File-wise Files close into the midst to order Ranks close to order Pikes move forward and even your Front Pikes and Muskettiers interchange ground they are reduced Now the Leader may command the Muskettiers to troop away and after he may lodge his Colours thereby refreshing both himself and his Souldiers until the next summons by beat of the Drum CHAP. XV. The fourth Exercise consisting of four Files eight deep THe Souldiers upon the fourth summons coming unto the place of Exercise make fuller appearance then before insomuch that their Files are drawn forth eight deep the Leaders thereof having spent some time in exercising them in each particular posture are called upon to joyn into a body where their Leader stands bethinking of himself what new matter he should delight them with there being sufficient in any one particular motion for their Exercise pitches for present to spend his chiefest time in motions upon facing continuing longer in them in respect of the several Figures of Battail demonstrated by them Now for the more ready performance thereof I shall onely give the several words of command for each particular Figure which may be drawn from these facings referring the Reader to the Figures themselves where I shall have occasion to make use of them upon Firings which shall be made known unto him by Alphabetical letters pointing from each facing to the Figure it produceth To come briefly to the exercise in hand silence being craved and Ranks and Files closed to order the Leader may proceed to these or the like particular facings producing eighteen Figures of Battail Alphabetically set forth with their reducements Command Half-files double your front to the left Direction Files open from the right to open order Half-files advance your Arms and move forward to the left and double the Front Command Files open from the midst to open order Muskettiers close outward to close order the inmost Files of Pikes close outward to close order Ranks close to Front and Reer to order and they will stand in eight Divisions Command Reer-division of Pikes face about Muskettiers face outward move all three paces to your Leader pointeth to the first Figure marked by the Alphabetical letter A. Command Muskettiers face inward Division of Pikes face outward march all until the Pikes are cleer three foot of the Muskettiers to your Leader this forms the Figure demonstrated unto you by the Alphabetical B. Command Reer-division of Muskettiers upon the left face about to the right Reer-division of Muskettiers upon the right face to the right Front-division of Muskettiers upon the left face to the left Divisions of Pikes face to the Center move all until your Muskettiers be cleer three foot of Front Reer and both Flanks then let them stand and face the Divisions of Muskettiers to the left and the Division of Pikes to face about to the right and to move all two paces then face all to the Center and close their Divisions a little after face to their Leader C. Command Reer-divisions of Muskettiers stand the rest face to the Reer march all until your Reer-division range even abrest with those upon the Flanks to your Leader D. Command Reer-divisions of Pikes face outward march all until the Reer-divisions of Pikes be cleer of the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers then let the Reer-divisions of Pikes face to the Front the rest face to the Reer march all three paces to your Leader E Command Divisions of Muskettiers in the midst face about march all until the Middle-division of Muskettiers range even with the Reer to your Leader F. Command Front-divisions of Pikes face to the outward Angles Reer-division of Pikes face about and after face to inward Angles of the Reer outmost divisions of Muskettiers face to your inward Angles Front-division of Muskettiers face about as you are now faced move all some three paces to your Leader G. Command Muskettiers face to Front Reer and both Flanks Divisions of Pikes face to the Center march all until you be even abrest in Front Reer and both Flanks to your Leader H. Command Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face about the outmost Divisions face inward Divisions of Pikes face to the Center march all three paces to your Leader I. Command Divisions of Muskettiers upon the left in the midst and the three last Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers to face to the Reer and move three paces and stand Middle-divisions face to the left and the rest face to the right and move three paces to your Leader K. Command The four last Divisions face to the left the four first Divisions face to the right move all until you be cleer one of another then face to the right and march until you range even abrest in Front and Reer face to your Leader L. Command The two inmost Divisions of Pikes stand the rest face inward march all until the Middle-divisions be three foot cleer of the Front to your Leader M. Command Front-divisions of Pikes face outward the rest face outward march all until the Front-divisions range even with the outmost Divisions of Pikes face your Leader N. Command Front-divisions of Muskettiers face outward the rest face inward march all until the Front-divisions of Muskettiers are cleer of the Pikes then stand and the six last Divisions to face about and move three paces to your Leader O. Command Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face outward march all some six paces Reer-division of Muskettiers face to the Front the rest face to the Reer and move until the
joyns them into a Body where the Commander having sent for his Colours stands at the head of them commanding their silence and attention to the words of Command Now having in his former Exercise spent most of the time upon plain Doublings he may in this shew unto them the great variety of Doublings by Counter-marches and although they are very difficult yet they will afford much delight and content unto the Souldiers GHAP. XIX Thirty Doublings by Counter-marches with their Reducement Command BRingers-up double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the left entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right and left outward following your Leaders Command Double your Files outward entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your front to the right and left inward Command Double your Files inward entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right and left inwards following your Leaders Command Files double your depth to the right and left outward following your Bringers-up Command Double your files to the right by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files of the even files from the right face about even files advance forward and double the odd according to command to your Leader Command The four first and the four last Ranks double the eight middlemost Ranks to the right and left inward following your Leaders your Bringers-up Direction The four first and the four last Ranks advance your Arms and the File-leaders and the Bringers-up begin the Motion the rest are to follow after order their Arms and face to their Leader Command Double your files to the left by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction The eight middle ranks double your Front and Reer to the right and left outward following the Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front half-files Direction The four last ranks of the Front and Reer half-files face about the middle are to begin this Motion and to advance their Arms and to turn off to the right and left every rank following them until they have doubled the Front and Reer then face all to the Front order their Arms and close their Divisions forward to open Order Command Double your files inward by Division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Direction Half-files of the outmost Files face about the outmost Files advance your Arms and move forward placing your selves before your Leaders and your Bringers up face to your Leader and order your Arms. Command The four first and the four last Ranks double the eight middlemost Ranks to the right and left outward following your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction The four first and the four last Ranks advance your Arms and move away to the right and left and double the eight middlemost Ranks to your Leader Command Front half-files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Command Files double your Depth to the right every man placing himself behind his Bringer-up Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank to the right following your right-hand-men Direction Face outward and right half-ranks turn off to the left and double the left Flank to the right to your Leader Command Double your Ranks to the right entire every man placing himself on the outside of his right-hand-man Command Left half-ranks double your right Flank to the left following your left-hand-men Command Double your ranks to the left entire every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Command Double your Ranks by Division every man placing himself on the outside of his left-hand-man Command The inmost Files double the outmost Files placing yourselves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men Direction The inmost Files advance your Arms face outward and move forward and double the outmost Files placing your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men order your Arms and close Files into the midst to open Order Command Double your Ranks by division into the Reer Command The two outmost Files double the four inmost by following of your outside-men Direction The inmost Files face inward the rest face outward and turn off to the right and left toward the Reer and double the four inmost Files to your Leader Command Double your Ranks by Division into Front Reer and Midst every man placing himself on the outside of his right and left-hand-man Direction The two last Ranks of the Front and Reer-half-files face about even Ranks from the Front Reer and Midst advance your Arms and face outward and move forth and double the Front Reer and Midst of Ranks placing your selves on the outside of your right and left-hand-men face to your Leader and close Ranks forward to open Order Command Double your two outmost Files to the right and left outward and Midst following of the inmost Files Direction The two outmost Files face outward the rest face inward and Front and Reer-half-files distinctly turn off to the right and left and double the outmost Files to the right and left outward and Midst following of the inmost Files to your Leader Files close into the midst to Order Command Double your Files to the right intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command File-leaders double your Reer to the left Command Double your Files to the left intire into the Reer every man placing himself before his Bringer-up Direction Face to the Reer and even Files from the left advance your Arms and move forward and double the odd placing your selves before your Bringers-up to your Leader Command Files double your depth to the left following your Bringers-up Command Half-files double your Front to the right and left inward every man placing himself before his Leader they are reduced as at first CHAP. XX. Plain Firings and Figures of Battail HAving spent so much time upon these Doublings by Counter-marches in the next place I shall proceed to Firings and several Figures of Battail where first command the Half-files to double the Front to the left and then go on to your Firings The first firing Let them fire even with the Front and fall off and Rank even with the Half-files and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may after charge on and the Muskettiers may give fire again and fall in the Reer of the Pikes The second firing Let the Pikes port and the Muskettiers give fire by extraduction The third firing Now the Muskettiers being upon the Reer fire them there upon the march wheel them about to the right and let them fire after this manner face about to the right and left let the last Rank fire fall off and Flank the first Rank of Pikes and so consequently all the rest after fire them to the Reer and
fall off to the right and left some six paces before the Front of Pikes and in the Reer of themselves then face the body about and let the Pikes charge to the Reer and after port the Muskettiers may give fire to the Reer by way of extraduction The fourth firing Next fire to the Reer by dividing the Muskettiers and bringing them even with the Reer and ranking outward and falling again as they were face to your Leader Command Ranks and Files open to your open Order Muskettiers close outward to Order the outmost Files of Pikes stand the rest close outward to Order Front-half-files open forward three paces Ranks close to Front and Reer to Order Pikes move forward two paces Pikes face outward Muskettiers face inward and move cleer one of another to your Leader The first firing Let them give Fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left into the Reer they at the same time moving up into their ground give Fire and falling off as before the Pikes may after charge on while the Muskettiers make ready The second firing Let Pikes and Muskettiers Rank outward and give Fire and fall off in like manner as before after let them Fire and fall in the Reer of the first Rank of Pikes of the Front-divisions then the Pikes may port then let the first Divisions give Fire and fall in behind the Pikes the Reer-divisions after moving up into their places may give Fire and face about march down into their places then face to their Leader This firing being continued twice or oftener over you may fire them to the Reer they being thither faced after the very same manner the Pikes there charging after facing all to their Leader let them double Files to the right and left inward of each division Command Front-divisions of Pikes face outward Front-divisions of Muskettiers face outward the rest face about move all six paces to your Leader Reer-divisions move forward two paces The first firing Let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left into the Reer they at the same time moving forward into their places may give fire and fall off as before this may be twice performed The second firing Let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of the Front-divisions of Pikes the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers moving into their ground firing and falling behind the Reer-divisions of Pikes then they may move forth cleer of the Pikes and fire and fall in again they may fire after the same manner to the Reer But I shall let that pass and go on to the next Command Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face outward and march three paces cleer of the Reer-divisions of Pikes then face to your Leader and move forward until they range even abrest with the Reer-divisions of Pikes The first firing Let the first divisions of Muskettiers give fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheel off to the right and left into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into their places firing and falling off in like manner this firing may be continued twice over then the Pikes may charge whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The second firing Let the Reer-divisions move forward even abrest then let the Muskettiers give fire altogether and fall in the Reer of themselves this firing may be continued twice over and the Pikes may charge after let those Divisions that moved march down again into their places Command Front-divisions of Pikes upon the left face about and move down four paces cleer of the Reer Front and Reer-divisions of Pikes move to the left two paces to your Leader Upon the former Figure fire first to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel down into the place of them in the Reer they at the same time moving up into their places firing and falling off in like manner This firing being twice performed let the Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move up even abrest with the Front-divisions and fire altogether and fall in the Reer of themselves after let the Pikes charge on and the outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about and move down into their places Command Front-division of Pikes face about and march until they range even abrest with the Front-division of Muskettiers to your Leader Reer-division of Pikes move forward three paces Upon this Figure let each division fire as they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves performing it twice over the Pikes may charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again who after may give fire by two Ranks together as they stand in each division the Pikes charging as before Command Outmost divisions of Muskettiers face about march until you range even with the Reer face inward and move until you stand streight after the Front-divisions of Muskettiers to your Leader middle-divisions of Pikes face outward and move cleer of the standing part to your Leader The first firing Let them give fire to the Front by divisions relieving each other after face them to both Flanks and let them give fire upon the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves This firing may be continued twice and after the Pikes may charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again and after retreating into their places The second firing Let the middle-division of Pikes in the Reer face about and the middle-division of Pikes face to the Front and Muskettiers to face to the outward Angles of Front and Reer and let them give fire to the four Angles and fall in the Reer of themselves or fire altogether and the Pikes may after charge on to Front Reer and both Flanks being all faced unto those places and retreating again to their places they may if they please fire a second time and charge on in manner as before Now if the Leader have a desire to fire to Front and Reer let him face them thither and let them fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes after charging on and retreating again into their places face them all to their Leader and open the Front and Reer-divisions from the midst to sufficient distance and let the Ensign display his Colours Reducement Reer-divisions of Pikes advance forward unto the left into the Front outmost division of Pikes face inward march and close your divisions Muskettiers in the Reer move and close Ranks forward to Order Files double your depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up reduceth them Then let the Muskettiers poyse their Muskets if they be neer the place of lodging the Colours and to move unto that place making a guard their Muskets being rested after which the Colours being furled up and the Pikes advanced the Leader being on the right hand and the Lieutenant on the left and the Ensign in the midst the Serjeants following them and
in the Reer of them the Drums beating a troop let them march away and lodge the Colours the Muskettiers giving of a volley they may all betake themselves unto their several habitations until they shall be summon'd again by beat of the Drum unto their place of Rendezvous CHAP. XXI The seventh Exercise consisting of sixty four men eight Files eight deep THe Souldiers appearing unto the place of Exercise according unto the appointment of their Leader or accustomed thereunto by beat of Drum are drawn forth into several Files as is the usual custom And the Souldiers being instructed of the use and handling of their Arms by the Serjeants Corporals or Leaders of the Files spending such time therein as shall be convenient until the fetching of the Colours to which purpose they draw up their Files and joyn into a Body doubling the Front to the left by the Half-files and send for the Colours Which being brought unto the head of the Company and the Souldiers returned unto their several places and that the Body is closed in Rank and File to close Order then silence and the well minding of their Directions and their obedience is required of them being three main properties belonging unto every Souldier Now for more variety sake in matter of Motions the Leader may spend his chiefest time in Doublings by Wheelings giving upon all occasions the Souldiers their due distance unto every word of Command and instructing them with their several reasons and uses and so proceed to this that follows CHAP. XXII Two and twenty several Doublings by Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front by division Direction Half-files face to the Reer and wheel about to the right and left until you come up even with the Front Command Right and left Half-ranks double the Depth of the Battail by wheeling into the Front Direction Right-half-ranks wheel to the left Left-half-ranks wheel to the right to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer by Division Direction Half-files face to the Reer and Front-half-files wheel about to the right and left and move down even with the Reer to your Leader Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double the left Flank to the right intire Direction Face outward and right Half-ranks wheel about to the left and double the left Flank to the right intire to your Leader Command Wheel off your right Half-ranks and double your left Flank by division Direction Face outward and right Half-ranks wheel about to the right and and let and double the left Flank by Division to your Leader Command Front and Reer-half-files double the length of your Battail by wheeling into the left Flank Direction Face to the left and Front-half-files that were wheel to the left Reer-half-files wheel to the right to your Leader Command Wheel of your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank by division Command Front and Reer-half-files double the length of the Battail by wheeling into the right Flank Command Wheel your Left-half-ranks inward into the midst and double the right Flank inward intire Direction Front and Reer-half-files open from the midst to more then double distance after face outward and Left-half-ranks wheel inward into the midst and move forward and double the right Flank inward intire to your Leader Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the right intire Direction Half-files face to the Reer and Front-half-files wheel about to the left and move down upon the right into the Reer and face to your Leader Command Wheel your Right-half-ranks inward into the midst and double your left Flank inward intire Command Wheel off the Front-half-files and double the Reer to the left intire Command Wheel your Reer-half-files inward into the midst and double your Front inward intire Direction Right and Left-half-ranks open from the midst to more then double distance and Half-files face about and wheel inward into the midst and move forward and double your Front inward intire Command Right and left Half-ranks double the Depth of your Battail by wheeling into the Reer Direction Face to the Reer and right-half-ranks wheel to the left and left-half-ranks wheel to the right until you meet to your Leader Command Wheel your Front-half-files inward into the midst and double the Reer inward intire Command Wheel off your left-half-ranks and double your right Flank to the right intire Face outward Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double the Front to the left intire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double your right Flank to the left intire Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front to the right intire Face outward Command Wheel off your Left-half-ranks and double intire the Depth of the right Flank Direction Left-half-ranks face to the left and wheel about to the left until you come down in the Reer of the right Flank to your Leader Command Wheel off your Reer-half-files and double the Length of your Front to the right Direction Half-files face about and wheel round to the left and move forward and double the length of the Front to the right they are reduced CHAP. XXIII Several Firings and Figures of Battail with sixty four men HAving passed over these several Wheelings by way of Doublings it will be sufficient time to proceed unto Firings wherefore first command to open their Files from the midst to open Order and the Bringers-up thereof to double the Front to the right and left inward The first firing Let them fire to the Front by Ranks ranking outward and after to rank as they were The second firing Let them give fire to the Front by ranks ranking inward and ranking again as they were and closing again to the Body of Pikes The third firing Let the Half-files face about and let them give fire to Front and Reer by Ranks ranking outward and ranking in again as they were The fourth firing Let them advance forwards by two Ranks some ten paces before the Front and Reer and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and fall before the Front and Reer of Pikes and then fire again falling off to the right and left and Flank the Pikes then the Pikes may charge on and the Muskettiers may fall in the Reer of the Pikes and then Pikes may charge at Foot and the Muskettiers may give fire altogether over their heads The fifth firing Let the Pikes port and the Muskettiers move forth to the right and left and fire by extraduction then the Pikes may charge again and the Muskettiers may move forth as before and the first Rank of each division may give fire even with the Front and Reer and stand the rest may after move forth cleer of them and give fire falling behind their own Divisions of Muskettiers then face all to their Leader and close their Divisions forward to Order and then proceed to Figure of Battail Command Half-files face about
continued in the same manner until all have fired The eighteenth firing The Body still marching let them fire again after the same manner as before The nineteenth firing Let them fire by Ranks wheeling to the right Flank and after to rank to the right so many abrest as they were at first marching along with the Body The twentieth firing Let them fire and fall off on the contrary Flank The one and twentieth firing Let them give fire upon the gathering firing after this manner let the outmost File upon the left face to the left give fire and then face to the Front and stand until the rest be clear and then the next File to face to the left and fire and after face to the Front and then the first File may gather up even abrest upon the left of the second File then the third File may face to the left and give fire after face to the Front and stand until the other two march up on the left and joyn even abrest with him and consequently so all the rest until every File have fired and that they be all moved up even abrest with the Pikes The two and twentieth firing Let them wheel Ranks to the left and fire and after rank four to the left as they were at first and march even abrest with the Pikes The three and twentieth firing Let them fire to the left Flank Ranks inverting and after face to the Front and to rank again as they were The four and twentieth firing Let them fire by Files filing to the right and facing after to the left and fire to the left Flank and then facing to their first Front and to lead up their Files to the left again as they were The five and twentieth firing Let them fire by the outmost Files to the left Flank and lead away by the Leader up between or in the middle of Pikes The six and twentieth firing Let them face outward and fire upon a stand after this manner by Ranks dividing moving forth to the right and left and fire and fall in again into their places the Pikes may after charge on and retreat again into their places The seven and twentieth firing Let them fire by Ranks ranking outward into both the Flanks and moving forward and firing even abrest and ranking again as they were but not returning again into the midst of Pikes from whence they were drawn forth but fire to both Flanks and fall in the Reer of themselves The eight and twentieth firing Let them fire again and fall in the Reer or midst of Pikes The nine and twentieth firing Let the Pikes port and let the Muskettiers fire by Extraduction to both Flanks and return again into their places The thirtieth firing Let the Pikes open to the right and the Muskettiers move up into the midst and the first Rank give fire and slieve up to the right and left and place themselves before the Pikes the next Rank moving forward into his ground and slieving away in the Reer of them until all have fired The one and thirtieth firing Let them close their Divisions and fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The two and thirtieth firing Let them fire by Files ranking outward and filing again as they were The three and thirtieth firing Let them fire by Ranks wheeling outward into both Flanks towards Front and Reer the half-files are to face about the left half-ranks are to wheel to the right the right half-ranks to the left the Front-half-files doing the like may give fire facing after to the right and left inward ranking as they were into the midst of Ranks and facing again to the Flanks The four and thirtieth firing Let them fire two Ranks together and slieving presently away and flank the Pikes The five and thirtieth firing Let them face to Front and Reer and after move outward and facing to the outward Angles of Front and Reer and let them fire and fall in the Reer of themselves The six and thirtieth firing Let them close Files into the midst to Order and fire again and let them fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes then face all to their first Front they are reduced Having spent all this time in the plain Firings we will in the next place proceed to Firings upon such Figures of Battail as followeth CHAP. XXV Several Figures of Battail Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Muskettiers double your Pikes entire advancing Files open from the midst to double distance the two outmost Files close outward to open Order and the two inmost Files close outward to the same distance half-files of each Division double the Front inward entire Ranks and Files close to Order the four outmost Files upon each Flank stand the four inmost Files upon the left face to the Reer then let the four inmost Files upon the left and the four inmost Files upon the right move forward three foot before the Front and Reer and then face to the left and move two paces then face all to the Front and move straight in their Divisions both Rank-wise and File-wise they will stand as followeth The first firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers move forward until they be cleer of the standing part then give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and then closing their Files into the midst to Order before the Front of Pikes the Reer-division of Muskettiers may move forward unto the Front of the first division of Pikes and there rank outward and give fire altogether and file again as they were and after face about and move down again into their places the two outmost divisions of Muskettiers may next move forward some six paces there stand and rank inward and fire face about and file again as they were and move forward to the Front of their own divisions of Pikes face to their Leader The second firing Let the Front-division of Muskettiers fire and fall off to the right and left and flank their Pikes and at the same time let the Reer-division of Muskettiers move forward as they did before and fire even abrest with the first divisions of Pikes fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down into their places and face to their Leader then let the two outmost divisions upon the Flanks give fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left and flank the Pikes they may fire to the Reer in the same manner being thither faced The third firing Let them face to Front Reer and both Flanks and fire the first Rank of each division and fall off to the right and left in the Reer of the Pikes and the last Rank at the same time move forth and give fire and fall into their places again but before they thus fire the Front and Reer-divisions are to be wheeled to the left and then let them fire by * Move forth those Muskettiers into their former places before they
before his Leader Command Double your Ranks to the left into the Reer face all about Command Double your Files to the right advancing Reducement Files rank to the right into the Front Ranks file eight to the right reduceth them Next followeth to make every man File-leader according unto dignity with their Reducement Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right intire advancing Command Half-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Files double your depth to the right Command Ranks to the right double Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the right following your Leaders Command Double your Files to the right by division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the left following your Leaders Command Double your Files to the left by division every man placing himself before his Leader and his Bringer-up Command The two first and the two last Ranks double the four middlemost Ranks to the right following your Leaders and your Bringers-up Direction The four middle-ranks stand the File-leaders are to turn off to the right and the next Rank is to follow them until the Leaders Rank even with the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and at the same instant of time the Bringers-up are to move forward to the right the rest following until the Bringers-up range even abrest with the Half-file-leaders to your Leader Command Files double your depth to the left Reducement Half-files double your Front to the right Bringers-up double your Front to the right Then divide every four Files distinctly apart making five divisions Files double to the right and left inward in each division and close Files into the midst to Order Files double to the left intire advancing reduceth CHAP. XXVIII Eight several Counter-marches with their Reducement Command FIles to the right-hand Counter-march maintaining ground Command Ranks to the left-hand Counter-march losing ground Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files into the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left and Front-half-files turn off to the right until they meet the Front and Reer into the midst to your Leader Command Right and Left-half-ranks Counter-march into the midst of Files Direction Face outward Right-half-ranks turn off to the right Left-half-ranks turn off to the left to your Leader Command Files to the left-hand Counter-march losing ground by following your Leaders Command Ranks to the right-hand Counter-march maintaining ground Command Counter-march your Front and Reer-half-files to the right and left following the Half-file-leaders and the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files Direction Half-files face about the Bringers-up of the Front-half-files and the Half-file-leaders are to begin the motion the rest are to follow until they have gained so much ground beyond the Front and Reer as they formerly possest in the midst to your Leader and close your divisions Command Counter-march your Half-ranks to the right and left by following of the inmost files Direction Face outward the inmost Files are to begin the motion moving forward the rest following until they have gained so much ground beyond the Flanks as they formerly possessed in the inmost Files to your Leader and close Files into the midst to Order they are reduced CHAP. XXIX Ten several Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel the Battail off by Division from the Front Command Wheel the body off by Division from the right Flank face to the right Command VVheel the Battail off by Division from the Reer face about Command VVheel the body off by division from the left Flank Command VVheel your Battail inward to the Reer from the Front Close Ranks forward to close Orderr and Files into the midst to close Order Direction Open outward to convenient distance to your Leader Command VVheel your battail inward to the left Flank from the right Direction Face to the right and open to convenient distance to your Leader Command VVheel your battail inward to the Front from the Reer Direction Face about and open to convenient distance and wheel inward into the Front Command VVheel your battail inward to the right Flank from the left Command VVheel the outward Angles of Front and Reer to the right and left about into the Center face to the outward Angles Command VVheel the inward Angles to the right and left about from the Center CHAP. XXX Plain Firings and Figures of Battail IN the next place I will proceed to some plain firings wherefore first double your Ranks forward to the left by Half-files and fire even with the Front of Pikes and fall in the Reer of themselves then fire and fall between the Pikes then move forth after this manner one Rank drawn forth to the right and another to the left fire and fall in again as before Then command the first Rank to stand and the rest to move forth both Pikes and Muskettiers to the right and left until each Rank be cleer of other then let the Pikes charge and Muskettiers give fire altogether and after fall behind each Rank of Pikes then let the Pikes charge at Foot and let the Muskettiers give fire over their heads after let Pikes port and let the Muskettiers come forth again and give fire by extraduction and after command the Ranks to face to the right and left inward and to close their Divisions then let the Muskettiers move forth again into their first places and Flank their Pikes And having passed over some half a dozen firings after this manner then command Half-files to double their depth to the right intire and proceed to Figures of battail and firings which comes in the next place to view for a Leader to spend his time further in the exercising of his Souldiers therein Command Half-files face to the Reer and march six paces to your Leader Half-files of Muskettiers of each Division face to the Reer Muskettiers march all until you be cleer of the Pikes to your Leader The two middlemost Ranks of Pikes of each division face outward and move cleer of the Muskettiers to your Leader The first and third Ranks of Pikes in the body face to the Reer and close Ranks into the midst to Order the following Figure will appear The first firing Let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves the rest of the Divisions moving up into their ground and fire wheeling off to the right and left having all fired over once they will be reduced The second firing Let the four inmost Divisions of Muskettiers face outward and move cleer of the Pikes then face to their Leader then let the eight last divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers face to the Reer then let them fire to Front and Reer falling in the Reer of themselves there being intervals for the Pikes to move forward upon
their charge and being retreated back into their places will produce the following Figure After the Figure is reduced unto his first aspect command the Muskettiers or Divisions upon the wings to face to the right and left inward and to march until they stand as in the first Figure then face to their Leader and command the eight first Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers to face outward marching until you perceive an interval for the eight Reer-divisions to move up and make an even range with the Front-divisions which being done they will appear as followeth Upon this Figure let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right into the room of them in the Reer they at the same time firing and wheeling off into their places again Then let the Commander face them all to the right and they will stand in four crosses with Muskettiers on the wings File-wise upon which facing they may march the Officers being placed according unto discretion and after they have marched let them face again to their first Front Command Front-divisions of Muskettiers face to the right and move two paces to your Leader Reer-divisions of Muskettiers move up and double the Front-Divisions to the left Rank-wise which produceth the next Figure Upon the former Figure let all the Muskettiers give fire together and fall off to the right and left in the Reer of themselves the Pikes after charging through the intervals and after retreating again Then command Muskettiers that doubled to face about and to move down into the Reer until they be clear of the Pikes and stand then let the Muskettiers both in Front and Reer face to the left and march until they stand straight in their Divisions then face to their Leader and they will stand as in the former Figure then proceed Command The four inmost Divisions both of Pikes and Muskettiers on the left face to the Reer inmost Divisions both of Pikes and Muskettiers both upon the right and left march clear of the standing part then let them face to the left and move three paces to your Leader The four outmost Divisions both of Pikes and Muskettiers upon the right wheel to the right the four outmost Divisions upon the left both of Pikes and Muskettiers wheel to the left which will set forth the next Figure Tht first firing Let them face to the Front Reer and both Flanks and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after wheeling off to the right your Divisions on the outside of the Pikes into the place of the Reer-Divisions which are to advance forward into the Front performing the like as the other Front-Divisions The second firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers move to the right two paces after command Divisions of Muskettiers to double to the left Rank-wise and let them give fire in Front Reer and both Flanks all together the Pikes may after charge to all these places whilest the Muskettiers make ready again and retreat again into their places The third firing Let them give fire again and fall in the Reer of themselves which being ended you may proceed to another Figure Command The left Division of Muskettiers wheele off to the left and place your selves in the left interval between the Pikes which occasioneth the next Figure Upon this Figure let the Muskettiers give fire in the Front Reer and Flanks and Angles falling in the Reer of themselves and the Pikes may after charge on Many other firings might be performed upon this Figure but I shall not be tedious to relate any more but leave them to the discretion of every Leaders genius and shall now shew the way to reduce them Reducement Divisions of Muskettiers upon the Angles face to the Center and move three paces after wheel the Divisions a little to the right until they be brought in the Reer of their own Divisions of Muskettiers which being done command the four Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers on the right to wheel to the left and the four Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers upon the left to wheel to the right After command the four Divisions of Pikes and Muskettiers upon the left to face to the left and march to such a convenient distance as that the four last Divisions both Pikes and Muskettiers may move up on the left to range even with the Front they on the Flanks moving up also until they stand all even abrest After command the inmost eight Divisions to face to the Reer and let them all move until they be clear one of another then face to their Leader and let the eight Front-divisions face inward and to move until they stand straight with the Reer-divisions After let the Pikes in the Body in each Division open their Ranks to Front and Reer to their open Order And then command Divisions of Pikes upon the Flanks to face to the right and left inward and march in and strengthen the Body of Pikes which being done let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers face to the Reer commanding them all to close their Ranks forward to Order and face to their Leader they are reduced Which being performed the Leader may lodge his Colours having finished his ninth Exercise CHAP. XXXI The tenth Exercise consisting of 24 Files being six deep according to the first drawing up of a private Company THere being a greater number appearing upon this days Exercise then in the former it concerns a Leader more especially to give special charge to the inferiour Officers to be careful in the drawing forth the Files that they make no man a File-Leader Bringer-up Half-file-Leader or Bringer-up of the Front-half-files but such able Souldiers as may be deserving of the same whose diligence and care upon all motions is principally required being as it were the hinges of the Leaders several words of Command Wherefore supposing them to be drawn up in Battalia and the Colours being brought to the head of the Company the four Serjeants ready at hand attending their Captains commands and the body being closed in Ranks and Files to their distance of Order and silence craved at the Company he that shall exercise them may begin after Distances and Facings shewen with this or the like doubling following CHAP. XXXII Eight entire several Doublings with their Reducement Command FRont half-files double your Reer inward entire Command The twelve inmost Files double entire the depth of the six outmost Files Inmost Files face about Command Half-files double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the right entire advancing Command Half-files double your Front inward entire Command The six outmost Files upon each Flank double entire advancing the twelve middle Files Command Half-files double your Front to the right entire Command Right half-ranks double your left Flank entire advancing which being performed they are reduced CHAP. XXXIII Eight several Countermarches with their Reducement Command FIle-Leaders stand the rest pass through to the right and
place your selves before your Leaders Command The right-hand-file stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves on the outside of your right-hand-men Command Countermarch your Front and Reer into the midst of Ranks Direction Half-files face about and turn off to the left Front-half-files turn off to the right to your Leader Command Countermarch your Flanks into the midst of Files face outward Command Files to the right hand Countermarch maintaining ground Command Ranks to the left hand Countermarch losing ground Command Countermarch your Front and Reer half-files from the midst of Ranks maintaining ground Direction Front-half-files face about and turn off to the left the rest turn off to the right every man moving up into his Leaders ground to your Leader Command Countermarch your right and left half-ranks from the midst of Files losing ground Direction Face inward and turn off every Rank on the ground they stand face to your Leader and close Files into the midst to open Order they are reduced CHAP. XXXIV Eight entire Doublings by Wheelings with their Reducement Command WHeel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front to the right entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your left half-ranks and double your right Flank entire to the left Face outward Command Wheel off your Reer half-files and double your Front to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right half-ranks and double your left Flank to the left entire Face outward Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the right entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your right half-ranks and double the left Flank to the right entire Face outward Command Wheel off your Front-half-files and double the Reer to the left entire Half-files face about Command Wheel off your left half-ranks and double your right Flank to the right entire Face outward CHAP. XXXV Plain Firings and Figures of Battail The first firing LEt the two outmost Files of Muskettiers upon each Flank advance ten paces before the Front give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down into their places again then face to their Leader Then let the next two Files upon each Flank move away in like manner and fire as the former did and move down into their places again After let the other remaining Files be led forth by the other two Serjeants and give fire as before and fall back again into their places The second firing Let two Serjeants draw four Files upon each Flank and move them away 10 or 20 paces before the Front and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after face about and move down into their places And whilest they are moving down let the other two Serjeants draw forth the remaining four Files upon each Flank and fire as the former did and after return again into their places The third firing Let all the Muskettiers move forth cleer of the Pikes and let them open from the midst until they stand in four Divisions leaving sufficient intervals for their wheeling into the Reer of themselves first let them fire in each Division falling in the Reer of themselves until they have all fired over two or three times after this kind The fourth firing Let them close their Files before the Front of Pikes into the midst to Order then let the two first Ranks kneel down the next two stoop and the last two stand upright and give fire six Ranks all together then let the left half-ranks of Muskettiers be wheeled about to the left into the Reer of the Pikes and the right half-ranks move to the left until they stand straight before the Front of Pikes The fifth firing Let the half-files face about and let them give fire to Front and Reer after this manner by two Ranks drawn off ten paces before the Front and Reer and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves then facing about let them open outward and give way for the next two Ranks to come forward into their places who are to fire and fall off as the former did the other two Ranks doing the same This firing may be continued as long as the Leader pleaseth The sixth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall off to the right and left into the Reer of themselves The seventh firing Let them rank outward into Front and Reer and give fire all together and rank again as they were The eighth firing Let them give fire on the ground they stand and flank the Pikes those in the Front flanking the Pikes on the right they in the Reer flanking them on the left after let the Pikes charge on and being retreated into their places let them face all to their Leader and in the next place proceed to Figures of Battail Command Files open outward to open Order Ranks open backward to your open Order then let every four Files close outward to Order and Ranks close to Front and Reer to Order they will stand in twelve Divisions as followeth Command The two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer face about inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in Front and Reer move forward clear of the standing part and stand Pikes face outward Muskettiers upon the Flanks face inward the rest face about to the right move all two paces to your Leader The first firing Let the Front-divisions of Muskettiers give fire and fall in the reer of themselves then wheel off to the right left into the room of them in the reer they at the same time moving up into their ground firing falling off in like manner as before Then let the Front-divisions upon the Flank fire fall in the reer of themselves and after wheel off to the right and left into the ground of those divisions that stand in the reer of them they at the same time relieving them firing and falling off as before then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat into their places The second firing Let them face to Front and Reer and let the first Divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheeling off to the right and left and interchange ground with the next Divisions who are at the same instant of time to move up into their places and to give fire in like manner and to fall off and return where they were before then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer and after retreat into their places and face all to their Leader Command The four last Divisions next to the Reer both of Pikes and Muskettiers face about move down and range even abrest with the Reer Reer-divisions of Muskettiers that are faced to the Front move forward and place your selves three foot short of the next Divisions that stands before you to your Leader Upon this Figure let the Front-divisions give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then wheel off to the right and left and range
even abrest with the next divisions yet keeping themselves distinctly from the other divisions Then let those divisions of Muskettiers that stood in the Reer of them move forward into their ground and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves after face about and move down again into their first places then let those that first fired move up again into their ground and let the outmost divisions begin to fire after this manner let the first divisions fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after fall off to the right and left and place themselves in the room of the Reer-divisions who are likewise to move up into their ground and there to fire and fall off as before the Pikes may after charge on and retreat back again into their places The same firings may be performed to the Reer they being thither faced but to let that pass we will fall upon the next Figure wherefore Command Divisions of Pikes move forward until your Reer-divisions range even abrest with the outmost divisions of Muskettiers Reer-divisions of Muskettiers face inward and move streight in the Reer of the Reer-divisions of Pikes to your Leader The first firing Let the two last divisions of Muskettiers face about and the other divisions of Muskettiers to face to the right and left outward and let them give fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves the Pikes may charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The second firing Let them face all to the Reer and let the Reer-divisions move forth to the right and left outward and give fire altogether and fall in the Reer of themselves The third firing Let the four first divisions of Muskettiers and the two first disions of Pikes face to the Front and let them give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves then face all to the Front and proceed farther Command The Front and Reer-divisions to move outward two paces Reer-division of Pikes upon the left face about Reer-divisions of Pikes move three foot before the Front and Reer to your Leader divisions that moved outward close inward to your first ground then they will stand as followeth The first firing Let the first divisions of Muskettiers give fire to the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves then face outward and march cleer of the standing part then face to their Leader then let every division of Muskettiers come successively into that ground fire and fall in the Reer of themselves then face about and move down into their places then let the Front-divisions of Pikes charge on and after retreat back into their places The second firing Let them face all to the Reer and let every division give fire on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The third firing Let half the Muskettiers and three divisions of Pikes face about to the right and give fire to Front and Reer on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves then let the Pikes charge on and after retreat back into their places face all to their Leader Command The outmost divisions of Muskettiers face outward and move two paces to your Leader the other divisions both Pikes and Muskettiers open your Files outward to open Order the five first divisions face about the five first and the five last divisions move streight forward and interchange ground and after face to their Leader and close Files inward again to Order then lead up the two outmost divisions of Muskettiers to stand even abrest against the middle-divisions of Pikes face all to your Leader then move the two outmost divisions to the right and left inward to stand streight in the middle of the Front and Reer-divisions of Muskettiers Upon this Figure several firings might be performed to Front Reer both Flanks and four Angles all at one and the same time but being so easie to the view I shall leave them unto the discretion of those which shall be pleased to make use of them and in the next place endeavour to reduce them Reducement Middle-divisions of Muskettiers upon the Flanks face outward and move cleer of the standing part to your Leader the five first Divisions face about the five first and the five last Divisions open Files outward to open Order and move forward and interchange ground and close Files inward again to Order outmost Divisions face about and move down again into your first places face all to your Leader Here the Captain if he please may command the Ensign to display his Colours which being ended he may proceed commanding Reer-divisions of Pikes to move forward and to place themselves in the Reer of the outmost division of Pikes upon the left in the Front then let the Front-division of Pikes move down and place themselves in the Reer of the second division of Pikes upon the right then close Pikes into the midst to Order Inmost divisions of Muskettiers move forward to Order and march up even with the Front Reer-division of Muskettiers face outward and move until they stand streight with the outmost divisions of Muskettiers then face to their Leader and close Ranks forward to Order and march up and make an even Front and close Files into the midst to Order they are reduced CHAP. XXXVI The eleventh Exercise with 24 Files six deep THe Souldiers being met at the place appointed and the Officers being vigilant and careful in their several places in drawing forth the Files and joyning them into a Body the Leader without any farther delay may crave their silence and close their Ranks and Files to Order and after some distances and facings shewn unto them drawn forth from the former Rule he may proceed to this following doubling making every man a File-leader according to succession and after reduce them again Command Ranks to the left double Command Files to the left double Command Half-files double your Front to the left Command Files double your depth to the left Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the left intire advancing Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right intire advancing Command Ranks to the right double Command Files to the right double Reducement Files rank to the left into the Front Rank file six to the left they are reduced CHAP. XXXVII Eight Counter-marches with their Reducement Command BRingers-up stand to the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers-up The rest face about Command File-leaders and Bringers-up stand the rest pass through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and Bringers-up Half-files face about Command Ranks to the left-hand counter-march maintaining ground face to the left Command Right and Left-half-ranks Counter-march from the midst of Files maintaining ground face inward Command File-leaders face about to the rest pass through to the right and place your selves behind your Leader to your
face to the right and left inward and move and interchange ground then stand and face to your Leader The two last Divisions of Muskettiers in the midst face to the left and move clear of the Pikes face all to your Leader Then let every Division close forward to Order and move up even abrest with the Pikes they are reduced CHAP. XL. The twelfth Exercise consisting of 24 Files six deep THe place of Exercise appointed for the Souldiers to meet they upon a just summons make full appearance being indeed the very life of any Exercise affording much comfort to him that shall lead them And therefore seeing their readiness and forwardness as in duty they are concerned the Leader cannot chuse but forthwith to give order unto his Officers for the compleating up of the Body who knowing his commands go nimbly and chearfully to work in drawing forth the Files and joyning them together after fetching the Colours and bringing them to the head of the Company So that nothing being wanting the Leader craves their silence and attention commanding them to their distance of Order both of Rank and File and after some few distances shewen unto them he may proceed in the next place to such Facings as followeth Command Face to the right and left outward and move four paces Face to Front and Reer and move three paces Face to the outward Angles in the Front Face to the inward Angles in the Front Face to the inward Angles of the right Flank Face to the inward Angles in the left Flank Face to the outward Angles in the Reer Face to the inward Angles in the Reer Face to the outward Angles both of Front and Reer Face to the inward Angles both of Front and Reer Face to the midst of Files Face to the midst of Ranks Face to the Centre Face to the outward Angles of Front and Reer from the Centre Face all about to the right Face to Front Reer and both Flanks from the Centre As you were To your Leader CHAP. XLI A Doubling to make every man a File-Leader by dignity Command HAlf-files double your Front to the left Command Double your Files to the right entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Front-half-files double your Reer to the left Command Double your Files to the left entire advancing every man placing himself before his Leader Command Bringers-up double your Front to the right Command Files double your depth to the right every man falling behind his Bringer-up Command Half-files double your Front to the right Command Double your Files to the left entire advancing Command Ranks to the right double Command Files to the right double Command Bringers-up double your Front to the left Command Files double your depth to the left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Reducement Ranks to the left double Files to the left double CHAP. XLII Several Wheelings with their Reducements Command WHeel off your Reer-half-files and double your Front by Division Command Right and left half-ranks double the depth of your Battail by wheeling inward to the Reer Face to the Reer Command Double the length of your Battail by wheeling inward to Front and Reer Half-files face about Command Front and Reer half-files double the depth of your Battail by wheeling outward to the right Flank Half-files face about and wheel to the left Front half-files wheel to the right Command Front and Reer half-files double the length of your Battail by wheeling inward to the left Flank face all to the left Command Front and Reer half-files double the depth of both Flanks by wheeling to the right and left outward Half-files face about Command Front and Reer half-files double the length of the Battail by wheeling inward to the midst of Ranks Face inward Command Front and Reer half-files double the depth of your left Flank by wheeling to the right and left outward Half-files face about Command Front and Reer half-files double the length of your Battail by wheeling inward to the right flank Face to the right and as they then stand right half-ranks wheel to the left and left half-ranks wheel to the right until the right Flank meet together they are reduced CHAP. XLIII Plain Figures and figures of Battail The first firing LEt two Ranks advance forward ten paces and give fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after wheel off to the right and left outward and move down in the Reer of their own Divisions of Muskettiers and then the next two Ranks are to move forward and to give fire as the former did and so consequently all the rest until all have fired and reduced back again into their places The second firing Let them fire even with the Front and fall in the Reer of themselves and let the Pikes charge on whilst the Muskettiers make ready again The third firing Let single Files be drawn off and Ranks inward into the Front and fire and File again face about and move down into their places then let two Files be drawn off clear and let the inmost Files rank inward the outmost Files rank outward and give fire and File again as they were and fall into their places The fourth firing Let the four outmost Files upon each Flank be drawn off until they be clear of the Front then let them close before the Front of Pikes face then the inmost Files of Muskettiers to both the Flanks and let them give fire to the Front and both Flanks on the ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves The fifth firing Let them give fire all together six Ranks at once in the Front and four in the Flanks observing the former Rules in firing so many Ranks together as you may find in the place of description of firings The sixth firing Let those Muskettiers upon the Flanks face to the Reer and move clear of the Pikes then close to the right and left inward to Order then let the half-files of Pikes face about and let the Muskettiers give fire to Front and Reer and fall in the Reer of themselves The seventh firing Let the Pikes move forth to the right and left outward until they be clear of the Muskettiers then let the Muskettiers give fire in an oblique manner thus let every two Files open to the right and left outward to something more then open Order then close the two first Ranks of the four inmost Files to the Front to Order and let the other two Ranks close likewise almost to that distance but the two last Ranks only are to face to their Front and after in the same kind close the four Ranks inward to the Reer of the four outmost in manner and form there as the other Files were to the Front and so let them give fire in each Division an oblique way two Ranks kneel down two kneeling and two stand upright The eighth firing After the former firing close the four inmost Files to the right and left outward to
the right and left outward Direction The 12 last Divisions face outward and march clear of the standing part face to your Leader move up all even abrest and double according to command Command The 12 inmost Divisions double the six outmost to the right and left outward advancing Direction The 12 middle Divisions advance forward until you be six foot clear of the standing part then face outward and march until you stand straight before the six outmost face to your Leader and after face inward and move forward until they stand again unto eighteen foot distance from each other to your Leader Command Divisions double the Depth of the Battail to the right Direction Every even Division from the right face about to the right and move down eighteen foot clear of the Reer face to the left and move until you stand straight with those Divisions on the right which you are to double to your Leader Command The 12 last Divisions in the Reer double the Front to the right Direction The 12 last Divisions face to the right and move six paces then face to the left march forward and double the Front to the right and they will be reduced CHAP. X. Four several Wheelings with their Reducement Command DIvisions wheel about to the right and move down into the Reer Direction Front-divisions wheel about to the right and move down into the Reer the rest march up into the same ground wheeling to the right hand and following successively after face to your Leader Command Divisions wheel about to the right to the left Flank Direction Face to the right and the outmost Divisions wheel about to the right and march away unto the place of the left Flank the rest moving up into the same ground wheeling about to the right and following accordingly to your Leader Command Divisions wheel about to the right from the Reer into the Front Direction Face to the Reer and let the first Divisions wheel about to the right and move up into the Front the rest marching forward into their ground wheeling off and following in like manner Command Divisions wheel about to the right to the right Flank Direction Face all to the left and let the outmost Divisions wheel about to the right and move forward to the right Flank the rest marching up into their ground following after in the same kind reduceth them CHAP. XI Countermarches not fit to be used in the Exercising of Regiments IT might be expected after Doublings that I should shew some kinds of Countermarches amongst the Military Motions in the exercise of a Regiment but being of very little use or practise amongst Commanders in these times especially in such great Bodies and for my own part I fancy them not therefore have passed them over and pitcht upon such wheelings which by some are accounted Countermarches Whose judgements my desire is better to inform by these several reasons following wherein and in what kind they differ from them As thus by these wheelings they keep their distance in Rank and File unto Order and wheeling entire unto any hand down to the Reer cannot be performed but by gaining in the Motion before the Front and unto all places as they move so much ground as is the Length of their particular Divisions and in the execution thereof they still preserve the honour of the right and left-hand-file-leaders and all others as are concerned in their particular Divisions unto any accidental Front which they shall be brought unto Now concerning Countermarches they are to be performed either by single Files Ranks Half-files or Half-ranks and at their distance of Open Order their words of Command having relation to all these particulars Their Countermarching of Files to the Reer gaineth no ground before the Front in the Motion but only the room of one particular File upon the right it preserveth not the honour of the right and left-hand-file-leader at one time by any one word of Command unto any of their Motions to such accidental Fronts they shall make but ever loseth it to some and giveth it to others And therefore it may appear cleerly unto any ingenious capacity that the former Wheelings cannot be accounted or given in their Motions in that kinde to the Souldiers for Counter-marches but by such terms as in their place are set down In the next place I shall speak something of the great benefit or use that may be made of these sorts of Wheelings as first a Commander may use them in the Motions of Doublings to Front Reer right-flank or left or double either the length or depth of the Battail unto all needful places as occasion shall require which I shall forbear to set down but leave them to the discretion of the ingenious Souldiers practise when time and opportunity shall serve him to make use of them In the next place they are very necessary to draw off any part and to bring them unto such needful places for Service as are in eminent danger Therefore passing over for present what might be more spoken of in this kinde I come in the next place to shew one Figure of Battail to fire upon and then conclude my Exercise upon this Regiment and go on unto the rest Command Pikes close Files to the right to Order then let them in the Reer double their Front to the left intire Muskettiers advance forward until your Front-divisions exceed six foot the Front of Pikes the two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Front move forward 20 paces and close inward to open Order the two inmost Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer face about and move down six paces and close inward to open Order to your Leader Muskettiers upon the Flanks close to the Body of Pikes to open Order Middle-divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer by each Flank face about Middle-divisions of Muskettiers by each Flank move forward six foot cleer of the standing part face to your Leader and it will set forth the Figure as it stands in Folio 151. CHAP. XII Several Firings to be performed upon the former Figure and how to be managed by the several Officers THe Regiment being drawn up into the former Figure they may proceed to Firings upon it first let the Forlorns fire five or six times over being commanded by the eldest Captains Lieutenant who is to be assisted by a couple of able Serjeants after let him wheel them off to the right and left and bring them down in the Reer of the Pikes Then let the second Captains Lieutenant being assisted by two Serjeants lead up the reserves by the outside of the Pikes at such time when the Forlorns begin to come off for the better securing of them from danger upon their retreat then let them move forward to their ground and give fire in like manner falling in the Reer of themselves and after wheel them off to the right and left and bring them down in the Reer of those Muskettiers that are behind the Pikes
manner The seventh and the second Captain then the Colonel after him the sixth fourth and first Captain then the Major after him the fifth and third Captain who closes up the left of the whole Regiment the figures of their Dignity standing after this manner 6 8 3 4 7 9 1 5 10 2 28 27 Here you may perceive they follow a rule to Ballance their number of Dignity as neer as they can carrying their odd number on the left Half-rank and not upon the right for these reasons as I conceive following Their Regiments being so full of men they draw them up for the most part into three Squadrons or grand divisions giving unto the Lieutenant-Colonel the right Wing the Major the left and the Colonel the Main-battail The Colonels grand Division consists of the four middle Companies where you are to take notice being drawn off some ten paces cleer from the rest they stand after this manner by way of Figure 4 7 9 1. The Lieutenant-Colonels Division after this manner 5 10 2. and the Majors after this kinde 6 8 3. Wherein I do observe in each grand Division this Rule that by succession and degrees they put the best Souldiers upon the right and the second according to course upon the left and the rest between them As first the Colonel being the chiefest man of honour is placed upon the right of his Squadron next to his left is the sixth and fourth Captain and the closing up of his grand Division is placed the first or eldest Captain The Lieutenant-Colonel being the second man of honour is likewise placed upon the right of his Squadron and next to his left the seventh Captain his grand Division being closed up by the second Captain In the next place the Major he being the third man of honour is placed upon the right of his Squadron and upon hisleft the fifth Captain and his grand Division is closed up upon the left by the third Captain So that you may observe in the closing up of every Division that as every Field-Officer is upon the right of their Squadrons so they take by degrees upon the outmost of their left to close their Divisions the Captains according to their degrees by succession As first and more cleerly the Colonel takes the eldest Captain to him on his left who will aptly fall in to lead his Body of Pikes and Colours the Lieutenant-Colonel takes the second Captain for to lead his Stand of Pikes and Colours the third Captain being placed upon the left of the outmost part of the Majors Squadron to lead likewise his Colours and Body of Pikes And further if you observe the number of worth and dignity that the right Wing hath with the left you will finde them to be equally ballanced and to be seventeen alike in number Now in respect there cannot be an equal Division of the Colours by threes there is very good reason that the odd should be placed in the Colonels Squadron who is Commander in chief and to whom it properly belongs unto In the next place I shall shew you how to draw them forth in a Regimental-way the four middle Companies being advanced forward ten paces cleer form the three outmost Companies may stand then draw forth the Pikes of each Squadron until they be ten foot cleer of their Muskettiers then close Pikes into the midst to Order in their Files in each Division and they will be in three Bodies after close the Muskettiers into the midst to Order then sub-divide them in as equal a way as you can and let them move up upon the right and left and flank each Body of Pikes Then let the Major examine the Files in the Colonels Division how many they exceed in number the other two and he will finde twelve Files of Muskettiers and six Files of Pikes more then in the rest Now to make them equal alike in each Squadron let him take off from each particular Company of the Colonels Squadron one File of Pikes and place two of those four in the midst of the Lieutenant-Colonels Squadron and the remaining two in the midst of his own Squadron which being done each body of Pikes will have in it 22 Files After let him take off from each Company two Files of Muskettiers which will be eight Files let him place two Files in the midst of each Flank of Muskettiers both in the Divisions of the Lieutenant-Colonels and his own and then there will be in each particular Division of Muskettiers 21 Files This being likewise a very good way to draw up a Regiment of so great a number of men I was unwilling to pass it by but to present it unto the view of all loving Souldiers which will more fuller appear in the Figure following Folio 167 in which Figure I shall shew the several places of the Captains and their Lieutenants where they are to lead and where to bring up CHAP. IX The way of drawing up a Regiment consisting of twelve Companies the nine Captains having eighteen Files in each Company and the three Field-Officers every one of them twenty four Files whereof there are two thirds of Muskettiers and one of Pikes in each particular Company amounting in all to 1404 men THe Major having convenient place he first orders where the Colonels Company is to stand and after draws all the rest of the Companies upon the left of him after this manner The ninth the fourth the third the sixth and the first Captains then the Major next the seventh the fifth the second and the eighth Captains and the outmost of all upon the left the Lieutenant-Colonels Company in manner of the dignity of a Rank as they thus stand 2 11 5 8 10 3 4 9 6 7 12 1. 39. 39. The dignity of places cannot be better stated then in this of twelve Companies as first the Right-half-ranks is equal with the left in number of dignity Again divide them into three parts and their number of dignity falls out to carry along with it an equal number of twenty six all even alike Consider likewise the stating of every Captain in the Regiment and they are qualified equal throughout the best and the youngest Souldiers joyned together as by examining them how they stand by two's their number of worth and dignity throughout carries thirteen all equal alike In the next place draw forth all the Pikes and ingross them into two Bodies then divide the Muskettiers into four parts and move them up and Flank those Stands of Pikes and they will be in two grand Divisions then place the Officers after this manner beginning first with the Colonels division make two Divisions of Muskettiers in his Van let the first be led by the Captain Lieutenant and be brought up by his Bringer-up let the next Division of Muskettiers be led by the fourth Captains Lieutenant and brought up by the third Captains Lieutenant let the Pikes be divided into three Divisions the Colours flying two and two
content themselves to learn of such who are of higher abilities And on this account the Art would be more highly prized and not only bring more Honour to the Professors thereof but even the Learners themselves would become more capable of good preferment abroad and our Military Gardens and Meetings would much more flourish and be beheld with more delight and satisfaction not only by the Souldiers themselves but all other Spectators whatsoever I do not desire to be mis-understood by this Discourse that herein I should go about to startle any ingenious Souldier or disswade him from any thing that shall be new to his Invention which is proper I shall rather incourage him and be glad to understand of him what Reason he can give for every thing he doth and of what use it may be unto the Publick and then it will admit of no controulment But vacant seasons may be used for variety and delight in making experiments of wit fancy and ingenuity provided they do not dwell too much upon them But the substantial and solid things of War are above all things to be precisely regarded without which an Army though of the most valiant men will be exposed to the greatest dangers and fall into a most certain Ruine I should here humbly offer my Advice to the most eminent Meetings in the Artillery and Military Gardens in the latter of which I was heretofore a Member and still am a true Lover and honourer both of that and all other places like unto it My advice is that on their days of publick Meeting they would have chiefly before their eyes the main Grounds and Principles in the Art of War which through permission I am perswaded would cause greater appearances and make their Ground to flourish more then ever to the Honour of our Nation and the increase of experienced and able Commanders if ever this Commonwealth should stand in further need of them And because the Ambition of some doth strive to aim at higher things in their thoughts then what is practised abroad I have thought good to set down the plain way of exercising a Company as usually it is practised in the Army our Companies consisting of one hundred men two parts being Muskettiers and a third Pikes the depth of our Files being always six deep in the Armies of England Scotland and Ireland the Company being drawn up abrest the Exercise is as followeth they standing in their closest Order in Ranks and Files First Command Open Ranks backwards to Order Command Files open to the Right to your Order Command Ranks open backward to open Order Command Files open to the left to open Order Command Ranks open backward to double Distance Command Files open outward to double Distance Command Ranks close forward to open Order Command Files close inward to open Order Command Ranks close forward to your Order Command Files close to the left to your Order Command Face to the Right as you were Command Face to the Left as you were Command Face to the Rear as you were Command Face to the Front as you were Command Face to the Center as you were Command Face to Front and Rear as you were Command Face to the Right and Left outward as you were Command Face to the Right and left inward as you were Ranks and Files being at Open Order Ranks to the Right Double Files to the Left Double Ranks to the Left Double Files to the Right Double Command Half-files Double your Front to the Right Command Files Double your Depth to the Left Command Half-files Double your Front to the Left Command Files Double your Depth to the Right Command Bringers-up Double your Front to the Right Command Files Double your Depth to the Left every man falling behind his Bringer-up Direction Bringers-up Double your Front to the Left Files double your Depth to the Right every man placing himself behind his Bringer-up Command Double your Ranks to the Right or Left intire as you were Command Half-files double your Front to the Right intire Command Right Half-ranks double intire the depth of your left Half-ranks Command Half-files double your Front to the Left intire Command Left Half-ranks double intire the depth of your Right half-ranks Direction The same may be done to the Rear Command Files to the Right hand Counter-march and maintain Ground Command Files to the Left hand Counter-march and maintain Ground Direction The same may be done in Ranks as also both in Ranks and Files either maintaining gaining or losing ground of these in the Army we use but little Command Wheel your Battle to the Right Command Wheel your Battle to the Left Command Wheel your Battle to the Right about Command Wheel your Battle to the Left about Command Files file to the Right or Left Command Ranks file to the Right and Left First The Muskettiers being on both flanks first firing let the first Rank stand and fire every Rank passing through before his Leader after standing and fire till all have fired over twice or four times the Pikes moving slowly in the mean time they will upon a stand be reduced as at first Secondly Bring all the Muskettiers before the Pikes then let them fire in the Front falling off and flank the Pikes upon the Right Fire upon the right flank the body marching and the Muskettiers to pass on the left flank after the Pikes may charge to the right the body moving again Let the Muskettiers fire on the left flank and fall in the Reer of the Pikes who may after charge their Pikes on the left The body marching the Muskettiers may fire in the Reer and fall off to the Right and Left and flank the Pikes as at the first the body facing about the Pikes may charge to the Reer We usually fire in the Front sometimes two ranks standing the rest passing by turns then standing after they have gained the ground before their Leaders do fire till all have fired twice other times three Ranks fire together the first kneels down the second stoops the third stands upright then falling down the three last Ranks pass through and do the like This being done twice reduces them all as at first the Pikes moving slowly this being the usual way of exercising our Companies in the Army Rich. Elton Lieut. Col. FINIS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE COMPLEAT BODY OF The Art Military THE PUBLISHER To the READER HAving now an opportunity of reprinting the preceding Treatise of Military Discipline written by Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Elton containing the Discipline and Exercise of Foot-companies Regiments Brigades c. I thought it not convenient to let the Infantry March into the Field of the World any more without the Cavalry nor they without their Train of Artillery I have therefore endeavoured to make good the words of the Title namely The Compleat Body of the Art Military by adding the following Treatises wherefore to the Infantry here is added Cavalry and Instructions for them both in Posture
Van-guard to guard the Waggons Next marched the Battail of Foot consisting of four Regiments and after them as before three Waggons with 3000 pound of Powder and one with 1000 pound of Match and one with 1000 pound of Musquet-bullets with empty bags as aforesaid After them followed the Reer-guard of the Foot Then the Waggons belonging to his Highness the States and all the Officers of the Army as also of the Foot-voluntiers Next the Ammunition Materials and other necessaries belonging to the Army upon 485 Waggons under the Command of Commissary Martien followed by four Troops of Horse Then the Ammunition and necessaries belonging to the Artillery under Commissary Bockbout After followed the rest of the Artillery to wit twelve Half-cannon six Chambred-pieces of twenty four pound Bullet twenty four Drakes of six pound Bullet and twenty four of three pound Next came the Officers and Train belonging to the Artillery After them one Company of Pioniers with fifty Fire-locks and one Waggon loaden with Victuals then the Commissary of the Vivers with 100 Waggons loaden with bread and provision After him eight Troops of Horse followed with one Waggon loaden with 1000 pound of Powder and one with 1000 pound of Match as also empty Bags to deal the Powder Then a Lieutenant with a Guard as is aforesaid And last of all six Troops of Horse Note that his Highness in place of this Lieutenant and his Guard doth usually appoint a Regiment of Foot to come in the Reer to guard the Waggons How to pass a strait WHen you come to any Passage or Strait Let your Van-Guard make a Halt until the rest of the Army be come up and drawn in order of Battle and then divide the Troops and fit them to the bredth of the place you are to pass through and let every Troop when it is passed put it self into the same order it was in before it came to the Strait and advance so far forwards as that the Troops that follow may have room likewise to draw in order and then stand until all the Army be come thorow If the passage be Woody where no discovery can be made send not above twenty or thirty Horse before for discovery of the Passage in Front but let the rest of the Horse of the Van-guard march between the Van-guard and Battle of Foot until they be past the Strait The manner of passing a River IF you be to pass a River and that the Enemy be not at the Passage but on his way to hinder you First draw your Army in Battalia and plant some pieces of Artillery in places most advantageous to succour your Troops in their passage and if you find that he is stronger then you in Foot let your Horse pass first over and chuse a fit place to stand neer the way that the Enemy is to come and let them send some light-Horse before to discover then let your Van-guard of Foot with some Field pieces follow and find a place to stand in Battalia after it let the Battle march and place it self on the left hand of the Van-guard then the Reer-guard which shall likewise take the left hand of the Battle each with their Field-pieces belonging to them The Troops being past the rest of the Ordnance with their Train shall follow then the baggage of the great Officers and lastly the baggage of the Troops in the order of March. But if your Enemies chief strength consist in Horse then shall you send no more Horse over then shall be fit for discovery but let the Van-guard of the Foot pass first and after it the Horse belonging to the Van-guard which shall place themselves in Battalia on the right hand of the Foot then shall follow the Battle which must stand on the left hand of the Van-guard after it the Horse of the Battle which shall cover the Flank of the Battle until the Foot of the Reer-guard be come up and then they shall edge to the left hand and leave room for the Reer to come in between them and the Battle and stand on the left Wing which is their due place then shall follow the Horse of the Reer which must be divided indifferently between the two Wings and last of all shall march the Artillery Ammunition and baggage in the order aforesaid If you be to pass a River and have an Enemy at your back when you have made your Bridge send over eight or ten Pieces and place them in places most convenient to annoy your Enemy if he offer to come to trouble you and then cast up a Horn-work or fair half Moon upon the side you are on and place therein five or six Field-pieces then let the rest of your Ordnance be drawn over and planted likewise on the other side in places most commodious for the advantage aforesaid After them shall follow your Ammunition and baggage then the Horse and lastly the Foot in good order bringing with them the Pieces left in the Works which shall pass safely under the Command of the Ordnance planted on the other side and break up the bridge after them Having thus far proceeded I should in the next place let you see a List of the Ammunitions Materials and other Warlike provisions which the Prince of Orange takes with him in Shipping when he goes to the Field as also what he takes out of it to be carried upon Waggons when he marcheth by Land with the Waggons thereto necessary But since I have first spoken of the marching of an Army with eight half-Cannon six quarter-Cannon and sixteen Field-pieces I will set down what Ammunition and other things are needful to march with them allowing every half-Cannon to shoot an 150 shot every quarter-Cannon 100 and every Field-piece 80. A List of Ammunition and other necessaries to March with eight half-Cannon six quarter-Cannon and sixteen Field-pieces allowing every half-Cannon 150 Shot every quarter-Cannon 100. and every Field-piece 80. with the number of Waggons thereto needful BUllets for half-Cannon 1200 whereof 40 upon a Waggon 30 Waggons Bullets for quarter-Cannon 600 upon each waggon 80 8 Waggons Bullets for the Field-pieces 1280 upon each waggon 160 8 Waggons Powder 24400 24 Waggons Boxes for Cartridges 160 upon each waggon 40 4 Waggons Capravens or great Joysts 30 upon each waggon 10 3 Waggons Small Joysts 40 upon each waggon 20 2 Waggons Oaken planks for bedding 60 upon each waggon 10 6 Waggons Deal or Firr-planks 100 upon each waggon 25 4 Waggons Spars of all sorts 100 upon each waggon 50 2 Waggons Two Bucks-heads or Gins with the appurtenances belonging to them to mount and dismount the Pieces 2 Waggons For Hurdles 4 Waggons For spare Ladles Rammers Spunges and Leavers 1 Waggon For Traces Lines to draw Ordnance and Collars for Horses 3 Waggons For the preparation for Ropes 1 Waggon For the Harness-maker and his Tools 1 Waggon For Spades Shovels Axes Hatchets Chopping-knives and Mattocks 3 Waggons For Lanthorns Candles Lamps Tucks Greace and other like
the Captains being lodged so neer them You may observe that in this lust form of Quartering there are 20 foot of the 200 allowed the Souldiers in depth taken off and added to the street between the Captains and the Sutlers for the street being in the former Quarter but 20 foot broad was found to be too narrow for the Waggons and Carriages to pass to and fro which did continually go and come through it with Provisions for the Army And whereas in the allowance of 200 foot in depth for the Souldiers there were but two allotted to lodge or hut together it happened sometimes that they came to quarter in places where there was small store of Provision to but withal so that the Souldiers could neither fit the ground allotted to them nor make any uniform or handsome huts therefore it was thought fit to take from them the said 20 foot and to allow them but 180. Note that the Officers must see the Souldiers build formally and that they make their Beds a foot and half or two foot from the ground to prevent sickness which they will be subject to fall into by lying upon the ground Note that when the Regiment is quartered in one Division the Colonels Company quarters on the right hand the Lieutenant-Colonels on the left the Sergeant-Majors next the Colonel the eldest Captain next him and so all the rest of the Captains by seniority in order from the right hand But if the Regiment be quartered in two Divisions then the Lieutenant-Colonels Company quarters on the right hand of the second Division the Sergeant-Majors in his place on the left hand of the first the eldest Captain next the Colonel the second on the left hand of the second Division the third next the eldest the fourth next the Lieutenant-Colonel the fifth next the third the sixth next the fourth in the second Division and so all the rest of the Captains according to this Order Observing if it may be that the youngest Captain be always placed next to him that closeth the left flank of the second Division Quartering of Horse THe Horse unless pressed by an Enemy are always or most commonly quartered in Houses both for the commodity of Forrage and that their Horses may stand under covert which otherwise by standing three or four nights in rain and cold would be in danger to be spoiled and made unserviceable So careful saith Melzo was the Duke of Alva of his Horse that he not only quartered them in Houses but made Courts of Guard upon the Avenues and places where they watched to shelter them from the weather But seeing they may be sometimes forced to make Huts I will shew you their manner of Quartering which is the same as the Foot but that they have more ground allowed them especially in bredth for their main streets are twenty foot broad and the men have ten foot allowed them whereas the Foot have but eight foot for either Hut their Horses are allowed ten foot in bredth and four in depth so the ground allowed for 100 Horse is 300 foot in depth and 70 in bredth The Explanation of the following Figure The Quartering of four Cornets of Horse A Alarm-place B Lieutenants lodging C Cornets lodging D Souldiers Huts E Stables F Street between the Souldiers Huts G Street between the Souldiers and Horses H Street between the Captain and Souldiers I Captains K Street between Captain and Sutlers L Sutlers The Quartering of an Army of Foot A Alarm-place B Entrenchment C Generals Pavilions D General of the Ordnance his loding E Ammunition and Ordnance F Divisions of Foot The Quartering of foure Cornets of Horse The Quartering of an Army of Foote A Good Commanders Judgment is to be discerned by his well chusing of ground to quarter on for he must not only chuse a place advantageous to resist an Enemy but where there is plenty of Forrage Water and other Necessaries and where the Air is wholsome and how necessary it is to intrench a Quarter and what ease and safety it brings to an Army dayly experience tells us and whereas by lying open you are subject to be affronted and forced to fight by an Enemy it is in your choice being Intrenched whether you fight or not which is no small advantage besides your Watches will fall nothing so often nor your Guards so troublesome The Romans were the first that found out the right use of the Spade and the benefit of Intrenching and it is from Caesar that our late great Generals have learned the way to Beleaguer and single Towns with Works and Trenches though the use of Powder have made them alter the form and manner of working and how advantageous it its to make such Works the taking not to speak of Alexis and other places by the Prince of Orange but of Groll Bolduke Mastricht and Breda within these few years in the view as I may say of an Enemies Army are sufficient testimonies and as divers Armies have in vain attempted the relief of Towns thus beleaguered so have some out of negligence and want of care in making their Lines of circumvallation been forced to quit their design and rise with dishonour The manner how the Prince of Orange his Army was Quartered with the General Officers Artillery Waggons c. A His Excellency B Count William C Count Henry D Strangers of Quality E Du. of Kessel F Waggons G Sutlers Market-place H Ryhoven 3 Troops of Horse R John Bax 3 Troops of Horse S Wageman 3 Troops of Horse T La. Salle 3 Troops of Horse Y Stabenbrook 4 Troops of Horse Z Co. John 3 Troops of Horse Δ Marquette 3 Troops of Horse Θ M. Bax 4 Troops of Horse Φ Count Henry 3 Troops of Horse ΠGuardens 4 Troops of Horse Ω Quaet 3 Troops of Horse Σ Smelsing 3 Troops of Horse I Dragoons K Count Ernest 6 Dutch Companies X 8 Companies of Frisons O Rob. Hinderson 19 Scotch Companies W Count John Ernest 16 Companies of Wallons P Bechune 19 French Companies Q Chastillon 19 French Companies L Hollis 10 English Companies M. Cheek 10 English Companies N. Cecil 10 English Companies V. Horatio Vere 15 English Companies Orders to be given out in a Quarter 1 NO man without leave of his Officer shall go further then Cannon-shot out of the Quarter or lie in the night out of the Quarter upon pain of the Strappado and if he have done any man hurt he shall be hanged without mercy 2. No man shall do hurt to such as are under Neutrality or Safe-guard upon pain of bodily punishment 3. No man shall fight within the Quarter draw his Sword or make any uproar in the night upon the like pain 4. No man shall molest any Sutler or such as bring Provision into the Leaguer spoil or take any of their Goods from them within or without the Leaguer upon the like pain 5. No man shall sell any Booty or Goods in the Leaguer without sound of Drum and