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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
rest_n	leader_n	left_a	rank_n	3,186	5	11.1817	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43479	The first part of the principles of the art military practiced in the warres of the United Netherlands, vnder the command of His Highnesse the Prince of Orange our Captaine Generall, for as much as concernes the duties of a souldier, and the officers of a companie of foote, as also of a troupe of horse, and the excerising of them through their severall motions : represented by figure, the word of commaund and demonstration / composed by Captaine Henry Hexham, Quartermaster to the Honourable Colonell Goring.; Principles of the art militarie Part 1	Hexham, Henry, 1585?-1650?	1642 (1642)	Wing H1652; ESTC R11968	36,185	55

point Note that when you march throw any countrie you most observe three foote onely from File to File and sixe from Ranke to Ranke The third distance or your close order is commanded by this word Close which is when there is one foote and a halfe from File to File and three from Ranke to Ranke as this Figure demonstrates OBserve that though this figure stands but at a foote and a halfe distance yet this is for the pikes onely and must never be used but when you will stand firme to receive the charge of an Ennemy The muskettiers must never be closer then the second distance of three foote in square because they are to have a free vse of their Armes THis figure represents the 40 pikes and 40 muskettiers standing in their order because the page will not beare the first foure motions in their open order Here begins the words of Command 1 Stand right in your Files 2 Stand right in your Rankes 3 Silence Here begins the first motion 5. To the right hand IT is to be noted when you are commanded to be As you were you are ever to turne to the contrary hand from whence you came As for example if you did turn to the right hand you are to return to the left hand and so in the rest As you were that is as you stand in your order in the figure aboue marked with the letter I. 9. To the right hand about 10. As you were 11. To the left hand about 12. As you were An Observation These turnings to the right or left hand or to either hand about serue for the given or receiving of a charge vpon the right or left Flank or in the Reere about As you were Because there is now roome enough this figure showes them standing in their open order of sixe foote distance one from an other both in rank and file from which standing they are to doe these motions following 13. Ranks to the right hand double The Demonstration The 2. 6 8 10 rancke from the front marked with the Letters b. d. f. h. k. moues all together and doubles into thier order on the right hand of the files numbred 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. making 5. rankes at thier double open order of 12. foot 16. men in each rancke as is seen in this figure aboue The Demonstration This motion differs not from the former but onely that the vtmost man of the second Ranke and subsequently al the other ranks which moued before comes now vp together to their order on the left hand of the files numbred 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 17. Files to the right hand double The Demonstration The 2. file next the right hand moues fals back betweene the right hand fiile the 4th file betweene the 3. The 6. betweene the 5. the 8. or left hand file betweene the 7 fiile all to thier order making foure fiiles 20. men deepe and 12 foote distance betwixt file and file as in this figure The Demonstration The files which moued before stand now still and the 2. file next the left hand file fals back betweene the left hand file the 5 file betweene the 6 the 3 betweene the 4 and the 1 or right hand file betweene the 2 file makeing 20 men deepe and 12 foote distance betwixt file and file as before 19. Half files to the right hand double your front The Demonstration The leader of the halfe file on the right hand noted f steps to his order beyond the right hand file number 1. and also all the rest of the files stepping to their order on their right hand comes vp together betweene the files numbred 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. and 8. into the Rankes marked a. b. c. d. e. at their order of three foot distance in file and 6. in ranke as this figure aboue showes 20. Half files to the right hand double your front The Demonstration This motion differs not from the other but that the leader of the halfe-file on the left hand consequenitly al the rest of the files steps to their order on the left hand comes vp together betweene the files numbred 8. 7. 7. 6. 6. 5. 5. 4. 4. 3. 3. 2. 2. 1. into the rankes marked as before with the letters a. b. c. d. and e. The demonstration When you will Countermarch to the right hand the first Ranke of Leaders numbred 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. and 8. onely must advance one stepp forward with the right legg and then turne and all the other Rankes must march first up to the place from whence the first Ranke did countermarch before they turne where the Sariant stands marked with a starre This figure shewes that betweene the rankes a and d there are 8 rankes mett at their order and the Captaine countermarching to the Reere with the first Ranke of Leaders to the 6 ranke marked f. and the Lieutenant with the ranke of bringers up noted K. towards the front to the ranke noted e. which represents the Countermarch incompleate as is seene in this figure aboue This figure showes the Countermarch compleate when the Captaine or Officer is come with the first Ranke of Leaders to the place where the bringers up the Lieutenant stood and the Lieutenant with the bringers up to the Captaines place standing in their open order in ranke and file as this figure demonstrates Observe likewise if you will now Countermarch to the left hand the first ranke must stepp forwards one stepp with the left legge and then turne and all the other Rankes behinde must come up to that place before they turne where the Sariant with his Halbart stands as before 25. Rankes to the left hand countermarch Note that this figure as the first showes the Countermarch incompleate as before This figure showes that the Captaine is countermarcht up with the first ranke of leaders into that place where the front stood before and every ranke and file in their open order The like countermarch is performed either on the right or left flanke by giving first this word of command To the right or left hand omitting the naming either of Rankes or files in saying onely To the right or left hand countermarch which you lift Observations before yow wheele First Files to the right or left hand or to the middle Close to your Order To 3. foote betweene File and File If you would close your files to the right hand the outermost file on that hand stands still and the next on the right hand numbred 2 moues first to their order and then all the files ciphred 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. the left hand file closes in all to their order And if you would have them close to the left hand the outermost file also on that hand stands still and then the file next the left

first Ranke giues fire the second Ranke keeps their muskets close to their pannes guarded and assoone as the first are falne away the second presently presents giue fire and fall after them Now assoone as the two first rankes do moue from their places in the front the two rancks next it must unshoulder their muskets and make ready so as they may advance forward ten paces as before assoon as ever the first two rankes are fallen away and are to doe in all pointes as the fmorer So all the other rankes through the whole company or division must doe the same by two one after an other A way how to giue fire retreating from an enemy which is performed after this sort as this figure following shows As the troupe marcheth the hindermost rank of all keeping still with the troupe maketh ready and being ready the souldiers in that ranke turne altogether to the right hand and giue fire marching presently away a good round pace to the front their place themselves in a Ranke together iust before the front Assoone as the first Ranke turneth to giue fire the Ranke next makes ready and doth as the former and so all the rest Last of all the troupe or whole wing of Muskettiers makes ready altogether standing and the first Ranke without advancing giues fire in the place it standts in speedily as may be yet orderly falles away the Rankes doing the same successiuely one after another A manner how to giue fire either from the right or left hand flanke as these 6 files of 60 Muskettiers demonstrates To the right hand present giue fire Captaine to the left hand present giue fire The Demonstration The company or division marching the outermost file next the enemy are commanded to make ready keeping still along with the Bodie till such time as they be ready they turne all to the right or left hand according to the fight of their Enemy either upon their right or left flanke and giue fire all together when thy haue discharged they stirre not but keepe their ground and charge their peeces againe in the same place they stand Now assoone as the aforesaid file doth turne to give fire the outmost next it makes ready alwaies keepeing along with the troupe till the bringers vp be past a little beyond the Leader of that file that gave fire last and then the whole file must turne and giue fire an doe in all points as the first did and so all the rest one after another A Sarjant or if the troupe be great some better qualified Officer must stand at the head of the first file and assoone as the second file hath given fire and hath charged he is to lead forwards the first file vp to the second file and so to the rest one after an other till he hath gathered again the whole wing and then he is to ioyne them againe in equall front with the pikes A BRIEFE Index of the points postures and severall motions contained in this first part of the Principles of the Art Militarie THe first is the duties of a private Souldier a Gentleman of a Companie and of all the Officers belonging to a Companie of Infanterie or Foote pages 1. 1. 3. 2. The Armes belonging to a Pike-man a Muskettier represented by figure 4. 3. The directions and the Postures of a Pike-man pages 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 4. The directions postures of a Muskettier marching pages 10. 11. 12. 13. 5. The direction the Centinell postures standing pag. 14. 15. 6. Briefe observations for a Muskettier pag. 16. 7. The beginning of the exercising of a Companie of Foote consisting of 40. Pikes 40. Muskettiers and the definition what a File and a Ranke is with the Demonstration of the dignity of Files and Ranks pag. 17. 8. Of the three distances obserued in exercising of a Companie to wit Open-order Order Closse-order with the definition thereof observations there-vpon pag. 18. 19 9. Of conversions turnings with the words of Commaund pages 20. 20. 10. The standing in open order fit for the doubling of Ranks Files pag. 21. 11. The doubling of Rankes pages 21. 22. 23. 12. The doubling of Files pages 24. 25. 26. 27. 13. The doubling of the Front by half files pages 28. 29. 30. 31. 14. The Countermarchings either to the right or left hand pages 32. 33. 34. 35. 15. Observations before wheelings pag. 36. 16 The wheelings to the right or left hand or about pages 37. 38. 39. 17. The opening of Ranks and Files pag. 40. 18. The posture of the Pikes commaunded either marching or standing the several givings of fire pages 41. 42. 43. 44. For the Cavallrie 19. Secondly the duties of a private Horse a Gentleman the severall charges and Officers belonging to a troupe of Horse beginning with letter A. pages 1. 2. 3. 20. The Armes belonging to a Curassier a Harquebusier pag. 4. of the managing of his Horse and their Armes represented by figure pag. 5. 21. The directions postures of a Curassier a Harquebussier represented with their words of Commaund in two great plates pages 6. 7. 8. 22. The exercising of a Esquadron of Cavallrie according to his Highnesse the Prince of Orange by the way of figure the word of Commaund directions pag. 9. 10. 11 23. His Highnesse order for filing and marching of Horse pag. 12. Thirdly an Appendex of Marshall discipline enacted and statuated by the Lords the States Generall his Highnesse for the Militia of the Vnited Provinces beginning with letter A. B. C. D. THe Book-binder is to follow in this first part in binding it first the Tytle and Dedication sheete then letter A. B. C. D. E. E2 and the half sheete for turning pages 21. 21. because a half sheete comes in here E3 F. G. H. I. K. L. L2 and this half sheete which makes L3 and so ends this first part for the Printer according to the figures of the pages hath committed an errour in not figuring the pages right FINIS BRIEFE Instructions of the Duties of a Horseman and the severall Officers belonging to a Troupe of Horse practised in the service of the Lordes the States Generall of the united Provinces vnder the Commaund of his highnesse the Prince of Orange FIrst the Cavallrie or Horse are ordered into two Troupes namely either a Troupe of Curaissiers which are heavelie armed consisting of able and lustie men and the highest and strongest horses or a Companie of Harquebussiers or Carabines which are more lightly armed as shal be discribed in the States list following The Officers then of a Troupe of Horse and the dutie of a Horseman or a centinell through their severall degrees are these 1 A Horseman 2 A Good-Smith or Farrier 3 A Clark or Fourrier 4 Two Trumpetters 5 Three Corporals 6 A Quartermaster 7 A Cornet 8 A Lieutenant and 9 A Captaine

hand numbred 7 moves first and afterward all the other files noted 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. or the right hand file close all to their order But if you desire to have your files close to the middle then the two middle most files numbred 4. 5. close first to their order of three foote and having their distance the other files numbred 2. 3. and 1. on the right hand and the files 8. 7. and 6. on the left hand closes both waies into their order Secondly Rankes to your Order Close that is To three foote betweene Ranke and Ranke Note that in this motion also the Rankes which stand in their open order on the other page marked with the Letters bc defghi and k moving all to gether in an even front comes up to their order or distance of three foote as this figure demonstrates where both files rankes stand in their order of 3 foote distance Observe that when you exercise a company single you double your front before you wheele in regard the body is smal but in a devision or a greater body you close both your rankes and files to your order as aboue omitting the doubling and then wheele but being a single company when you wheele to the right hand then double your front to the left hand for so the leader of the right hand file will keepe his place on that corner towards which you wheele This figure before you wheele shews your men to stand in their close order in file and their order in ranke as 〈◊〉 Againe when you wheele to the left hand double your front to the right hand and then the two leaderson the left hand doe but onely turne their bodies like the point of a Compasse to that hand whereto they wheele while the body comes about with a faster motion and an even front Note also that after you have wheeled to which hand you list and as often as you will you give in a single company this word of command Halfe files as you were that is as they stood in their order both in ranke and file before but in greater bodies where the doubling is omitted you first open your rankes by giving this terme of direction Rankes backward to your open order and then likewise your files by commanding Files open both waies to your open order of six footes as this figure both in ranke and file represents In opening of Rankes and Files you must make all the Files or Rankes saving the outermost on that hand from whence you meane to open which must stand to moue altogether till the second Ranke or File from that which standeth haue gotten its distance and consequently all the rest Having performed the former Motions you may afterward exercise your company of Pikes and Muskettiers together or if you pleafe each a part To beginne then with the Pikes you may commaund them to doe these motions standing to wit Advance your Pikes Order your Pikes Shoulder your Pikes Charge your Pikes Order your Pikes Traile your Pikes Checke your Pikes But these Motions are to be performed both standing and marching namely Charge your Pikes Shoulder your Pikes To the right hand Charge Shoulder your Pikes To the left hand Charge Shoulder your Pikes To the Reere Charge Shoulder your Pikes Stand Order your Pikes First note that in charging halfe the Rankes onely must charge their Pikes the other hindermost halfe of the Rankes doe but port their Pikes that is they cary them so couched over the Heads of the foremost as may giue them no offence either in charging or retyreing Besides this way the Pikes are not so subject to be broken by the shot of the Enemy as when they are advanced Secondly they must likewise obserue when they charge standing to fall back with the right legge and marching to steppe forwards with the left Standing Thirdly the exercising of your Muskettiers is likewise performed either or Marching That is either by Rankes or by Files after three manner of waies to wit first having an Enemy in your front Secondly in your Reere and thirdly vpon your right or left flanke as these figures following in exercising of 260 Pikes Muskettiers besides Officers will demonstrate whereof the first showes the manner of giving fire standing vpon an Enemy in your front by commanding these three termes or direction vnderneath This figure aboue shewes that the first and second rank of both the wings of Muskettiers having given fire are fallen away and are a doing their postures till they come in the vacant Rankes in the Reere noted i k while the third and fourth Rankes on both flankes make ready and advances up to the same ground where the first were even with the front of the Pikes Note also that the first Ranke falling backe with their right legges bending their left knee lies on and giues fire as hath bin taught and the first Ranke falling away the second Ranke in presenting having their pannes garded blowes their matches opens their pannes and steps forward with their left legs into the place of the first ranke lies on giues fire and fall away while the rest of the body of muskettiers mooues up to their place and so two rankes at a time making ready you may giue fire as often as you list You must observe likewise that the muskettiers in all these motions do turne to the right hand so to have a cingular care to carry the mouthes of their muskets aloft aswell when they are shouldred as in priming as also when they keepe their pannes garded and come vp to give fire Moreover if an Enemy should appeare on either your right or left flank and that you resolue to maintain your ground and would gaule him from either flank it is performed by giving first this word of command To the right or left hand which you please and then making an interval of 6 foot distance between the two middlemost leaders of the halfe files e for the halfe rank on the left hand marked a b c d and e do fall away between the files to the Reere before the pikes and the half rank on the right hand k i g h f on the right flank likewise you may giue fire from either or both flankes as you list Again if an Enemy should shew himself in your Reere the like is done by giving this term of derection To the right hand about and having given fire upon them fall away to the place where the front stood even in the same manner as you did before The manner of giving fire marching and advancing towards an Enemy is performed as this figure following represents In advancing towards an Enemy two Rankes must alwaies make ready together advance ten paces forwards before the bodies at which distance a Sarjant or when the body is great some other Officer must stand to whom the Musketteirs are to come up before present and giue fire First the first ranke and whilest the

7 Showes the clossing of their files to their closse order observing also that first the two middlemost files take their distance first of 3 foote and consequently the rest clossing both to the right and left hand 8 Showes that the rankes are also closed to their closse order and that both rankes files stand three foote distance one from another as Number 4 demonstrates Number 9 This motion is performed by turning and facing all to the right hand Number 10 This is done by bringing them againe to the first forme in turning all to the left hand Number 11 To face them to the Reere is done by turning all to the right hand till their faces front in that place which was before the Reere 12 Is to reduce them to their first forme by turning all to the right hand 13 This is performed by turning all at an instant to the left hand 14 This serves to reduce them to their first forme number 6 by turning to the right hand 15 Is to face them to the Reere by turning all to the left hand till their faces front in that place which was before the Reere 16 This is done by turning all to the right hand standing in their first forme as number 6 showes 17 Showes the Counter march from the right flank by turning all to the right hand 18 Is to bringe them againe to the right flanke by turning to the left flanke 19 Showes the Countermarch from the left flank by turning to the left hand 20 This reduces them againe to the left flank in turning all to the right hand and by giving the word of Commaund As ye were then they stand in the first forme as number 4 demonstrates before they come to wheeling 21 Showes the vse of wheeling eitheir to the right hand or the left hand is to bring the front which is supposed to consist of the ablest men to give or receive a charge eitheir vpon the right or left flank or in the Reere as hath bin said THE ORDRE Which his Highnesse the PRINCE OF ORANGE will have duely kept and observed by the Captaines of the troups of Horse vpon their March without any alteration therein vnlesse by expresse Commaund EVerie troupe shal be devided into three Corporallships in filing them they shall alwaies follow this order to wit that before everie Corporallship an Officer shall ride The Captaine of the troupe first the Cornet before the second a Corporall before the third and the Lieutenant in the Reere of the Troupe And if any of these Officers should be wanting as the Captaine of the Troupe the Lieutenant shall march in his place and if the Lieutenant be wanting a Corporall shall march in the place of the said Lieutenant And if they have any Bedets a principall Souldier shal be appointed over them to see that they keepe their closse order in marching The Quartermasters place is to march with the Lieutenant in the Reere 2. The Files shall never be made noe deeper then fiue horses how great or small so ever the troupe bee so that if the troupe consist of a hundred Horse everie Corporallship shall haue fiue or sixe horse in a rank and fiue in a file And the Officer shall be carefull when he is to draw out the files in a narrow waye which is long that there can passe but three Horses in a rank then they shall devide the Corporallship into two parts but if the waye will permit it then they shall not devide the Corporalship but march with fiue or sixe in a Ranke as abouesaid 3. The Officers shall commaund the Souldiers expresly that in marching they alwaies keepe the distance of three foot betweene file and file sixe foote betweene rank and rank and that they never ride noe faster then the pace vnlesse they becommaunded to the contrarie 4. There shal be noe more distance left betweene each Corporallship then is needefull for an Officer to march betwixt them 5. The Lieutenant and Quartermaster which brings vp the Reere of the Troupe shall take care that the Souldiers in the Reere shall begin to march assoone as those in the front moue and that they observe well their distance and see that they doe not straggle out of their ranks files 6. A Troupe of Horse standing in Battaille the Lieutenant and the Quartermaster shall haue their place in the Reere of the Troupe 7. In marching and filing of the Troups they shall follow one another so closse that there shall be noe more place left but as will serue iust for the Trumpetters Horses and the Captaines In the yeere 1635. his Highnesse ordered the Lords the States Horse consisting of eighte troups of Curassiers Harquebussiers into Regiments to wit foure troups of Curassiers into one division or Battaillon and foure Troupes of Harquebussiers into an other Battaillon both which made a Regiment over which a Colonell Commaunded Note also that comming to march over a Heath or a Compagnie As the foote so may the troups and Regiments of Horse be embattelled and ranged into three Brigades as the Avantguard the Battell and the Reere which is a goodle sight And thus much in briefe of the Officers of the Arming of the managing of the exercising and marching of our Cavallrie and Horse Practized in the Warres of the United Provinces vnder the charge and commaund of his Highnesse the PRINCE of ORANGE our Victorious Generall FINIS