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foot_n and_o have_v those_o name_n till_o the_o roman_n besiege_v capua_n in_o hannibal_n time_n then_o and_o there_o it_o seem_v they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o velite_n and_o that_o they_o keep_v they_o be_v call_v accensi_fw-la because_o they_o be_v the_o mean_a in_o the_o cense_v and_o rorarii_fw-la à _fw-la roar_n from_o dew_n because_o in_o skirmish_v they_o scatter_v themselves_o as_o dew_n do_v on_o grass_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o of_o they_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o a_o roman_a legion_n each_o of_o these_o three_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n be_v divide_v into_o century_n two_o century_n make_v a_o maniple_n three_o maniple_n make_v a_o cohort_n and_o ten_o cohort_n make_v up_o a_o legion_n a_o roman_a legion_n be_v of_o great_a or_o lesser_a legion_n legion_n number_n according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n senate_n people_n or_o emperor_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o sovereignty_n or_o as_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a 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that_o band_n of_o man_n call_v a_o centuriate_a in_o legion_n of_o four_o thousand_o or_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o which_o be_v most_o ordinary_a come_v to_o consist_v but_o of_o sixty_o man_n in_o the_o two_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la and_o but_o of_o thirty_o in_o the_o three_o class_n of_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la there_o be_v twenty_o centuriates_n at_o sixty_o man_n each_o of_o they_o and_o those_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o just_o as_o many_o centuriates_n and_o of_o that_o same_o number_n for_o the_o principes_fw-la make_v twelve_o hundred_o more_o in_o the_o class_n of_o the_o triarii_n there_o be_v likewise_o twenty_o centuriates_n but_o each_o of_o these_o consist_v but_o of_o thirty_o man_n which_o make_v six_o hundred_o in_o all_o three_o thousand_o heavy_a arm_v the_o other_o thousand_o or_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v velite_n but_o though_o each_o of_o those_o band_n be_v but_o sixty_o or_o thirty_o strong_a yet_o they_o and_o their_o principal_a commander_n keep_v their_o ancient_a denomâ—nations_n of_o centuriate_a and_o centurion_n there_o be_v sixty_o centuriates_n in_o a_o legion_n though_o vegetius_n speak_v of_o but_o fifty_o five_o which_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v examine_v the_o centurion_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o tribune_n as_o i_o former_o tell_v you_o and_o he_o have_v liberty_n to_o choose_v his_o own_o sub-centurion_n sub-centurion_n a_o sub-centurion_n who_o station_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o be_v indeed_o nothing_o but_o ouâ—_n bringer_n up_o polybius_n his_o interpreter_n call_v the_o centurion_n ordinum_fw-la dâ—ctores_fw-la leader_n of_o file_n or_o of_o centuriates_n if_o ordo_fw-la be_v take_v for_o a_o centuriate_a as_o perhaps_o it_o be_v the_o sub-centurion_n he_o call_v agminis_fw-la coactorem_fw-la and_o that_o be_v direct_o our_o rear-man_n this_o will_v not_o make_v a_o centurion_n and_o sub-centurion_n to_o be_v our_o captain_n and_o lieutenant_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v and_o if_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o roman_a centurion_n command_v but_o sixty_o some_o of_o they_o but_o thirty_o man_n and_o be_v himself_o not_o otherwise_o arm_v than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o centuriate_a only_o distinguish_v by_o his_o crest_n and_o that_o he_o stand_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n with_o the_o rest_n either_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o front_n of_o the_o maniple_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v think_v with_o i_o that_o the_o roman_a centurion_n for_o the_o matter_n of_o either_o power_n or_o honour_n be_v no_o other_o than_o our_o corporal_n corporal_n centurion_n our_o corporal_n and_o their_o sub-centurion_n such_o as_o lancespesat_n especial_o where_o foot_n company_n be_v as_o in_o our_o own_o time_n they_o be_v in_o several_a place_n of_o europe_n three_o hundred_o strong_a and_o consequent_o every_o corporalship_n sixty_o man_n the_o centurion_n badge_n be_v a_o
hinder_v either_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o appoint_v the_o depth_n of_o their_o batallion_n to_o be_v twelve_o ten_o eight_o or_o six_o deep_a as_o they_o think_v fit_a though_o by_o some_o of_o they_o the_o body_n can_v be_v subdivide_v till_o they_o come_v to_o one_o file_n or_o one_o rank_n for_o it_o be_v never_o see_v nor_o do_v i_o fancy_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o ever_o such_o a_o emergency_n of_o war_n will_v fall_v out_o that_o can_v move_v a_o general_n unless_o he_o be_v to_o file_v his_o army_n along_o a_o very_a narrow_a bridge_n or_o a_o very_a narrow_a way_n to_o marshal_v all_o his_o foot_n either_o in_o one_o rank_n or_o one_o file_n so_o i_o conceive_v the_o first_o reason_n be_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o a_o second_o reason_n be_v in_o time_n of_o action_n a_o enemy_n may_v charge_v the_o deep_a second_o reason_n for_o 16_o deep_a rear_n to_o rencontre_v who_o the_o dimaritâ—_n or_o middle-man_n be_v command_v with_o the_o half-file_n that_o follow_v they_o to_o face_n about_o but_o without_o countermarch_n and_o sustain_v the_o charge_n by_o the_o way_n observe_v that_o in_o such_o a_o occasion_n the_o bringer_n up_o or_o rear-man_n have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o half-file_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o dimarite_n or_o middle-man_n himself_o to_o who_o aelian_a give_v it_o before_o but_o to_o the_o reason_n itself_o i_o give_v two_o answer_n first_o a_o reserve_v which_o aelian_o phalange_n admit_v not_o will_v prevent_v that_o danger_n second_o i_o say_v if_o they_o be_v but_o twelve_o in_o file_n nay_o but_o ten_o in_o file_n they_o may_v withstand_v answer_v answer_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o both_o van_n and_o rear_n as_o well_o as_o be_v sixteen_o deep_a which_o i_o make_v appear_v out_o of_o aelian_a himself_n thus_o the_o grecian_a pike_n be_v all_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o except_o the_o macedonian_n which_o be_v twenty_o one_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o long_a next_o aelian_a allow_v one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o distance_n between_o rank_n when_o they_o fight_v which_o distance_n he_o or_o his_o interpreter_n call_v constipatio_fw-la three_o the_o same_o author_n allow_v three_o foot_n of_o the_o pike_n length_n for_o his_o hand_n who_o present_v it_o these_o ground_n be_v lay_v which_o be_v the_o author_n own_o i_o say_v that_o only_o four_o rank_n of_o the_o grecian_a pike_n and_o five_o of_o the_o macedonian_a can_v do_v a_o enemy_n any_o hurt_n and_o but_o hardly_o so_o either_o because_o between_o five_o rank_n there_o be_v four_o distance_n and_o for_o those_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v six_o foot_n at_o aelian_o account_n of_o close_a distance_n next_o you_o be_v by_o his_o rule_n likewise_o to_o allow_v fifteen_o foot_n of_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o five_o rank_n to_o be_v abate_v from_o their_o length_n which_o fifteen_o be_v add_v to_o six_o make_v one_o and_o twenty_o for_o three_o foot_n of_o the_o pike_n length_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v allow_v for_o their_o hand_n who_o hold_v they_o you_o must_v of_o necessity_n grant_v the_o like_a proportion_n for_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o the_o macedonian_a sarissa_n do_v not_o much_o advance_v its_o point_n from_o the_o five_o rank_n beyond_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o therefore_o the_o rest_n behind_o these_o five_o rank_n seem_v useless_a but_o a_o enemy_n attack_n the_o rear_n to_o oppose_v who_o let_v five_o rank_n face_n about_o and_o present_a for_o if_o five_o be_v sufficient_a to_o resist_v the_o shock_n in_o the_o van_n certain_o five_a may_v do_v the_o same_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v it_o well_o you_o will_v think_v the_o point_n of_o the_o pike_n of_o five_o rank_n sufficient_a to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n if_o all_o the_o file_n be_v fer_v together_o as_o the_o grecian_n be_v and_o as_o all_o shall_v be_v that_o no_o interval_n be_v give_v a_o enemy_n to_o enter_v between_o they_o if_o then_o ten_o rank_n be_v enough_o to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n in_o front_n and_o rear_n i_o presume_v the_o other_o six_o may_v have_v be_v dispose_v of_o two_o way_n first_o they_o may_v have_v be_v bestow_v on_o the_o front_n and_o so_o have_v extend_v it_o to_o a_o far_o great_a length_n which_o will_v have_v bring_v more_o hand_n to_o fight_v and_o not_o only_o save_v the_o phalange_n from_o be_v out-winged_a but_o have_v put_v it_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o out-wing_n the_o enemy_n second_o these_o six_o rank_n may_v very_o advantageous_o have_v compose_v a_o body_n apart_o in_o the_o rear_n and_o that_o shall_v have_v be_v a_o reserve_n and_o then_o no_o danger_n of_o a_o enemy_n to_o have_v trouble_v the_o battle_n behind_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a you_o may_v think_v i_o be_o make_v up_o a_o grecian_a militia_n of_o my_o own_o unknown_a to_o the_o famous_a warrior_n of_o that_o renown_a nation_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o true_o and_o ingenuous_o my_o quarrel_n be_v only_o with_o aelian_a because_o he_o have_v not_o tell_v we_o so_o much_o as_o he_o know_v and_o so_o much_o as_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o tell_v we_o which_o in_o this_o particular_a be_v that_o i_o be_o now_o to_o tell_v you_o and_o it_o consist_v in_o two_o thing_n one_o that_o phalanges_fw-la be_v not_o always_o sixteen_o deep_a and_o second_o that_o they_o want_v not_o always_o reserve_v to_o prove_v both_o be_v please_v to_o take_v the_o follow_a instance_n at_o deâ—â—s_n when_o the_o athenian_n fight_v with_o the_o theban_n and_o other_o boeotian_o the_o phalanges_fw-la be_v all_o of_o they_o eight_o dâ—â—p_n and_o all_o deep_a phalanges_fw-la eight_o deep_a of_o they_o have_v reserve_v at_o leuctra_n epaminondas_n his_o foot_n batallion_n be_v all_o marshal_v in_o eight_o rank_n at_o siracusa_n when_o the_o athenian_a general_n niciaâ—_n be_v to_o fight_v he_o place_v his_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o two_o wing_n his_o athenian_n he_o divide_v into_o two_o great_a body_n the_o half_a whereof_o he_o marshal_v in_o the_o battle_n between_o the_o two_o wing_n the_o 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