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which_o be_v give_v in_o the_o text_n be_v not_o of_o double_a proportion_n but_o of_o treble_a and_o more_o ten_o comprehend_v three_o three_o time_n and_o more_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n chap._n xxxviii_o 1_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v two_o front_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o battle_n that_o be_v set_v and_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v a_o front_n see_v then_o in_o this_o form_n the_o middlemost_a be_v order_v back_o to_o back_n and_o those_o in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n the_o one_o be_v commander_n in_o front_n the_o other_o in_o rear_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v amphistomus_fw-la it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n against_o a_o enemy_n strong_a in_o horse_n and_o able_a to_o give_v a_o hot_a and_o dangerous_a charge_n and_o principal_o practise_v against_o cap._n 38_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la those_o barbarian_n that_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n ister_n who_o they_o also_o call_v amphippi_n because_o they_o change_v their_o horse_n in_o fight_n the_o horse_n battle_n to_o encounter_v this_o form_n have_v a_o tetragonall_a shape_n be_v for_o the_o purpose_n divide_v into_o two_o broad_a square_n they_o be_v call_v broad_a square_n that_o have_v the_o front_n twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o depth_n and_o those_o square_n be_v oppose_v several_o against_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o foot-battaile_n note_n 1_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o battle_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o a_o march_n be_v describe_v partly_o in_o the_o former_a two_o chapter_n partly_o in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v whereof_o some_o be_v for_o ease_v of_o the_o march_n as_o the_o induction_n some_o for_o fight_n those_o which_o be_v for_o fight_v be_v either_o offensive_a or_o else_o defensive_a of_o the_o offensive_a kind_n be_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la before_o mention_v of_o the_o defensive_a the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o both_o the_o deduction_n which_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o two_o last_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v describe_v another_o of_o the_o defensive_a form_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o phalange_n autistomus_n in_o which_o although_o the_o march_n be_v not_o continue_v for_o it_o be_v always_o take_v up_o in_o a_o stand_n to_o resist_v a_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o remedy_n defensive_a against_o the_o sudden_a attempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v about_o to_o charge_v your_o rear_n 2._o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v litigious_a and_o there_o be_v a_o controversy_n among_o the_o learned_a which_o of_o two_o name_n the_o chapter_n shall_v bear_v gaza_n gesner_n and_o arcierus_n will_v have_v it_o inscribe_v antitistomus_n robortellus_n amphistomus_fw-la i_o have_v in_o the_o translation_n follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o robortellus_n my_o reason_n be_v because_o of_o these_o word_n in_o aelian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o in_o the_o beginning_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d charge_v the_o enemy_n which_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v not_o read_v apply_v to_o the_o flank_n and_o therefore_o take_v it_o for_o front_n and_o rear_v because_o the_o one_o namely_o the_o front_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o viz._n the_o rear_n be_v the_o end_n in_o which_o sense_n if_o you_o take_v the_o word_n the_o description_n must_v needs_o agree_v with_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la which_o the_o enemy_n charge_v both_o front_n and_o rear_v with_o the_o fileleader_n and_o their_o half_a file_n as_o they_o stand_v receive_v those_o that_o charge_v the_o front_n with_o the_o brnigers-up_a and_o the_o other_o half_a file_n face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n those_o which_o
81._o a_o battle_n and_o to_o behold_v a_o direct_a space_n betwixt_o file_n and_o rank_n for_o that_o be_v the_o grace_n and_o beauty_n as_o i_o may_v term_v it_o of_o a_o phalange_n order_v for_o fight_n this_o proportion_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o observe_v distance_n curious_o open_v order_n be_v six_o foot_n both_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n every_o way_n if_o then_o any_o soldier_n in_o file_n gather_v up_o to_o his_o leader_n and_o stand_v at_o distance_n of_o three_o foot_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o his_o rank_n be_v thereby_o disturb_v and_o make_v uneven_a although_o the_o file_n continue_v straight_o contrariwise_o if_o he_o bear_v himself_o out_o of_o his_o place_n three_o foot_n towards_o either_o of_o his_o sideman_n by_o this_o mean_v he_o disorder_v his_o file_n and_o make_v it_o crooked_a this_o fault_n if_o it_o be_v commit_v by_o many_o a_o general_a disorder_n will_v follow_v in_o the_o body_n and_o therefore_o aelian_n well_o advise_v to_o keep_v the_o first_o distance_n especial_o till_o you_o be_v command_v to_o the_o second_o or_o three_o distance_n which_o will_v often_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o four_o motion_n of_o which_o facing_n be_v the_o first_o and_o the_o word_n of_o motion_n direction_n in_o it_o be_v these_o as_o before_o in_o aelian_n 12_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n 25._o that_o be_v face_n to_o the_o tight_a hand_n for_o the_o pike_n be_v always_o bear_v in_o the_o right_a hand_n 14_o face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o pike-man_n in_o the_o macedonian_a army_n bear_v target_n on_o their_o left_a arm_n or_o on_o the_o left_a side_n so_o that_o face_n to_o the_o target_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o word_n of_o command_n face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n 16_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n that_o be_v face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n but_o where_o he_o add_v move_v a_o little_a further_o he_o signify_v that_o the_o direction_n be_v not_o full_o accomplish_v and_o 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file_n when_o they_o double_v the_o odd_a file_n and_o the_o word_n be_v double_v your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o manner_n be_v when_o half_o the_o body_n of_o file_n convey_v itself_o into_o the_o space_n oâ—_n the_o other_o half_n of_o the_o body_n be_v it_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n according_a to_o direction_n give_v so_o that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n which_o be_v to_o move_v fall_v into_o the_o space_n next_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n that_o stand_v and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n that_o move_v and_o the_o word_n be_v half_n the_o body_n double_v your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o be_v when_o file_n be_v double_v by_o a_o countermarch_n as_o if_o the_o second_o file_n of_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o it_o be_v appoint_v countermarch_n and_o the_o leader_n of_o that_o file_n place_n himself_o behind_o the_o bringer_n 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towards_o the_o midst_n their_o half_a rank_n follow_v they_o and_o meet_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o stand_v there_o and_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v your_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n observe_v that_o in_o countermarch_v by_o rank_n the_o three_o countermarche_n macedonian_a lacedaemonian_a and_o choraean_a may_v be_v practise_v as_o well_o as_o in_o countermarch_v by_o file_n if_o the_o flank_n near_o to_o the_o enemy_n begin_v the_o countermarch_v this_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n because_o it_o make_v a_o show_n of_o shift_v away_o if_o the_o flank_n further_a from_o the_o enemy_n begin_v it_o be_v the_o lacedaemonian_a in_o that_o it_o carry_v a_o semblance_n of_o fall_v on_o but_o when_o one_o flank_n countermarch_v till_o it_o come_v just_a up_o to_o the_o other_o and_o no_o further_o it_o be_v the_o choraean_a because_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n wheel_v be_v the_o four_o and_o last_o motion_n and_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o whole_a entire_a motion_n battle_n or_o in_o the_o part_n thereof_o aelian_n give_v word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o whole_a battle_n only_o and_o they_o be_v these_o wheel_v the_o body_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o to_o the_o target_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o wheel_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o right_a hand_n the_o right_a hand_n corner_n file-leader_n be_v only_o to_o turn_v his_o body_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_v even_o with_o the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o right_a hand_n aspect_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o move_v about_o he_o make_v he_o the_o center_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o circle_a motion_n if_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_v leader_n be_v to_o do_v the_o like_a the_o same_o order_n be_v of_o wheelin_n the_o battle_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n aelian_n as_o i_o â—aiâ—_n give_v here_o no_o other_o word_n of_o command_n then_o for_o the_o wheel_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n yet_o be_v the_o wheeling_n of_o the_o part_n of_o great_a use_n for_o either_o the_o flank_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n or_o the_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n the_o front_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o flank_n when_o we_o desire_v to_o form_v the_o antistomus_n phalange_n to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n give_v on_o both_o flank_n and_o then_o the_o two_o middlemost_a bringer_n up_o be_v to_o stand_v and_o the_o middle_a fileleader_n to_o divine_v themselves_o and_o to_o move_v half_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n half_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n make_v those_o two_o bringer_n up_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o front_n into_o flank_n by_o division_n if_o the_o flank_n be_v to_o be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n the_o two_o middle_a fileleader_n be_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o the_o two_o half_a body_n to_o move_v about_o they_o one_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o 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sleeve_n up_o by_o it_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n till_o they_o all_o come_v to_o a_o even_a front_n a._n xenophon_n show_v the_o manner_n in_o a_o company_n who_o word_n be_v these_o in_o english_a then_o he_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a behold_v another_o 〈◊〉_d captain_n lead_v his_o company_n from_o the_o river_n side_n to_o dinner_n one_o soldier_n follow_v another_o in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d single_a file_n who_o when_o he_o think_v â—it_n command_v the_o second_o and_o three_o and_o four_o file_n to_o sleeve_n up_o and_o make_v a_o even_a front_n with_o the_o first_o the_o fileleader_n be_v new_a in_o front_n he_o command_v the_o 〈◊〉_d half_a file_n to_o double_v the_o front_n so_o that_o new_a the_o decadarche_n or_o leader_n of_o half_a file_n stand_v in_o front_n again_o when_o it_o seem_v good_a he_o command_v the_o reaâ—e_n quarter_n file_v to_o double_v the_o front_n so_o the_o pempedarche_n or_o leader_n of_o the_o quarter_n of_o file_n lead_v up_o and_o the_o file_n march_v on_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n when_o they_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o tent_n door_n he_o command_v the_o first_o file_n to_o single_a out_o again_o and_o to_o enter_v in_o and_o the_o second_o to_o follow_v it_o single_a in_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o the_o three_o and_o four_o till_o all_o be_v within_o the_o tent._n to_o clear_v these_o word_n of_o xenophon_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o company_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o mention_v consist_v of_o 100_o man_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o file_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d each_o file_n contain_v twenty_o four_o man_n the_o file_n have_v five_o officer_n the_o file_n leader_n the_o decadarch_n two_o pempedarch_n and_o the_o bringer_n up_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o file_n stand_v the_o file-leader_n and_o behind_o he_o direct_o five_o man_n next_o after_o they_o stand_v the_o first_o pempedarch_n and_o five_o man_n that_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o file_n that_o 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front_n of_o his_o battle_n into_o the_o empty_a space_n strike_v upon_o both_o the_o flank_n thereof_o with_o the_o wing_n it_o have_v open_v and_o so_o seek_v to_o distress_v it_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v this_o advantage_n that_o it_o fight_v with_o the_o best_a man_n viz._n the_o fileleader_n order_v in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wing_n thereof_o not_o against_o the_o file-leader_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n but_o against_o the_o weak_a sort_n who_o be_v ordinary_o place_v in_o the_o flank_n thereof_o the_o latin_a name_n be_v more_o fit_a and_o significant_a to_o express_v the_o form_n by_o some_o it_o be_v call_v a_o 19_o pair_n of_o tongue_n by_o othersome_a a_o â—orfex_fw-la pair_n of_o shears_n both_o appellation_n serve_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o right_a form_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la for_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o open_a their_o foremost_a part_n to_o a_o pretty_a distance_n and_o the_o hinder_a part_n which_o be_v pin_v and_o fasten_v together_o end_n in_o a_o narrow_a point_n as_o do_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o term_v it_o a_o wedge_n that_o they_o hold_v it_o the_o best_a form_n to_o receive_v and_o frustrate_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o true_a wedge_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o 18_o vegetius_n 6._o which_o be_v frame_v when_o the_o fashion_v of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la spring_v out_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n what_o that_o diphalange_n be_v we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 40_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n thus_o much_o i_o may_v beforehand_o signify_v that_o the_o fileleader_n ought_v to_o be_v place_v within_o the_o hollow_a flank_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o line_n to_o the_o inside_n and_o the_o diphalange_a antistomus_n be_v once_o frame_v which_o be_v to_o have_v the_o fileleader_n in_o the_o midst_n from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o other_o there_o need_v no_o further_a labour_n then_o to_o dispatch_v the_o front_n in_o the_o midst_n leave_v the_o fileleader_n on_o both_o side_n and_o to_o fasten_v and_o join_v together_o the_o rear_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n may_v enter_v into_o the_o hollowness_n but_o yet_o be_v mesh_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o net_n and_o neither_o able_a to_o pass_v through_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v close_o shut_v nor_o yet_o to_o give_v offence_n to_o those_o that_o fight_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v no_o man_n who_o they_o may_v charge_v in_o the_o void_a space_n nor_o yet_o dare_v to_o break_v the_o form_n of_o their_o battle_n after_o join_v for_o it_o be_v a_o good_a observation_n of_o cyrop_n vegetius_n that_o in_o fight_v the_o manner_n of_o your_o embattail_v be_v not_o
to_o be_v change_v nor_o any_o number_n of_o soldier_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o place_n than_o they_o have_v for_o hereof_o tumult_n and_o confusion_n will_v straight_o arise_v and_o the_o enemy_n will_v easy_o take_v advantage_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o ready_a or_o fallout_v to_o be_v disorder_v i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o latin_n and_o grecian_n differ_v in_o the_o name_n of_o this_o battle_n howbeit_o they_o agree_v both_o about_o the_o form_n which_o may_v here_o appear_v by_o aelian_n who_o resemble_v it_o to_o the_o letter_n v_n neither_o can_v there_o a_o better_a resemblance_n be_v make_v for_o as_o the_o letter_n v_n consist_v of_o two_o line_n which_o be_v open_a in_o the_o top_n close_o in_o the_o bottom_n so_o do_v this_o form_n of_o battle_n of_o two_o side_n which_o in_o front_n be_v void_a open_a and_o dissever_v in_o the_o rear_n join_v and_o close_v fast_o together_o if_o you_o will_v therefore_o frame_v this_o battle_n you_o must_v first_o make_v a_o square_a the_o fileleader_n be_v all_o in_o front_n then_o must_v you_o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o so_o your_o fileleader_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n last_o you_o be_v to_o open_v the_o front_n of_o your_o battle_n leave_v half_o the_o fileleader_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o one_o flank_n and_o half_a in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o other_o keep_v the_o rear_n close_o knit_v together_o and_o for_o the_o open_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o will_v receive_v into_o the_o void_a space_n the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n which_o be_v once_o let_v in_o the_o inward_a two_o flank_n of_o the_o wedge_n where_o the_o fileleader_n be_v aught_o to_o face_n to_o both_o hand_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o outward_a flank_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n and_o so_o circumvent_v they_o 7._o furthermore_o a_o triphalange_n a_o triphalange_n in_o this_o place_n of_o aelian_n be_v when_o a_o square_a body_n or_o phalange_n be_v from_o front_n to_o rear_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o figure_n show_v the_o manner_n the_o triphalange_n have_v as_o much_o advantage_n against_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la as_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v against_o the_o right_a induction_n the_o caelembolos_fw-la compel_v the_o right_a induction_n to_o fight_v with_o the_o worst_a man_n and_o avoid_v the_o affront_n of_o the_o fileleader_n which_o be_v the_o best_a the_o triphalange_n have_v the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n oppose_v two_o several_a front_n against_o the_o two_o wing_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la where_o there_o be_v no_o fileleader_n for_o they_o be_v always_o dispose_v for_o the_o inside_n and_o both_o avoid_v the_o advantage_n the_o caelembolos_fw-la seek_v and_o make_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la fight_n with_o the_o worst_a man_n in_o as_o much_o as_o one_o of_o the_o phalanges_fw-la charge_v the_o front_n of_o one_o wing_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la the_o fileleader_n whereof_o be_v in_o flank_n within_o the_o hollowness_n the_o other_o charge_v the_o other_o now_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n beside_o that_o it_o spare_v reserve_v for_o all_o occasion_n by_o off-holding_a the_o three_o phalange_n if_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v beat_v by_o the_o two_o oppose_a phalanges_fw-la all_o be_v lose_v and_o no_o hope_n leave_v of_o win_v the_o field_n no_o other_o force_n be_v to_o second_v it_o where_o notwithstanding_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v get_v the_o better_a may_v be_v curb_v and_o the_o victory_n arrest_v by_o this_o reserve_v and_o by_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o other_o two_o phalanges_fw-la break_v word_n of_o direction_n in_o the_o right_a induction_n 1_o the_o right-corner_n xenagy_n march_v out_o so_o be_v it_o of_o all_o other_o body_n if_o they_o begin_v the_o march_n 2_o the_o rest_n follow_v in_o xenagies_n direction_n for_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 1._o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o body_n so_o shall_v the_o file-leader_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o two_o middlemost_a leader_n must_v be_v centor_n for_o the_o other_o to_o wheel_v about_o 2._o open_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n keep_v your_o rear_n close_o for_o the_o triphalange_n 1_o the_o two_o wing_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n the_o middle_n remain_v as_o it_o be_v 2_o match_n out_o to_o the_o distance_n require_v that_o be_v to_o be_v able_a to_o meet_v in_o a_o right_a line_n the_o two_o front_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 3_o stand_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n require_v 4_o face_n as_o you_o be_v 5_o advance_v and_o charge_v of_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n xxxvii_o 1_o parogoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o 2_o a_o wing_n not_o by_o 3_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n have_v the_o commander_n or_o fileleader_n either_o on_o the_o right-hand_a which_o be_v call_v a_o right_a hand_n deduction_n or_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o be_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o 4_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple_a front_n according_a to_o the_o place_n or_o part_v it_o be_v suspect_v the_o enemy_n will_v give_v on_o and_o both_o the_o paragogy_n begin_v the_o fight_n in_o flank_n do_v 5_o make_v the_o length_n doubt_n to_o the_o depth_n this_o form_n of_o fight_n be_v devise_v to_o teach_v a_o soldier_n to_o receive_v heedful_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o also_o in_o flank_n note_n 1_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n induction_n be_v speak_v of_o deduction_n follow_v which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o march_n for_o these_o be_v no_o cap._n 37._o a_o four_o front_a phalange_n against_o all_o allempte_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o front_n of_o the_o rear_v the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a flank_n the_o front_n of_o the_o leave_v flank_v the_o front_n of_o the_o narch_n other_o kind_n than_o induction_n and_o deduction_n the_o one_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n the_o other_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o flank_n neither_o do_v the_o greatness_n or_o smallness_n of_o the_o body_n make_v any_o difference_n herein_o be_v the_o body_n never_o so_o great_a as_o be_v the_o phalange_n or_o so_o small_a as_o one_o company_n yet_o must_v the_o fileleader_n either_o lead_n or_o else_o be_v in_o flank_n of_o the_o march_n the_o rear_n in_o necessity_n may_v well_o be_v make_v good_a by_o the_o bringer_n up_o deduction_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o many_o form_n of_o battle_n usual_a in_o march_n from_o it_o come_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la whereof_o we_o speak_v before_o from_o it_o be_v the_o antistomus_n the_o peristomus_fw-la the_o homoiostomus_n the_o heterostomus_fw-la of_o which_o hereafter_o 2_o when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n suidas_n have_v that_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o phalange_n march_v with_o the_o fileleader_n on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n if_o on_o the_o left_a it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n if_o on_o the_o right_n a_o right-hand_a deduction_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o a_o wing_n as_o aelian_n do_v for_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o body_n may_v be_v such_o as_o have_v the_o depth_n and_o breadth_n all_o one_o as_o a_o xenagy_n which_o have_v sixteen_o in_o breadth_n and_o sixteen_o in_o depth_n some_o body_n also_o as_o the_o taxi_n and_o tetrarchy_n have_v the_o depth_n less_o than_o the_o breadth_n the_o first_o hold_v sixteen_o in_o depth_n &_o no_o more_o than_o eight_o in_o breadth_n the_o last_o four_o in_o breadth_n and_o sixteen_o in_o depth_n so_o that_o they_o march_v not_o in_o a_o wing_n but_o because_o march_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v undertake_v in_o a_o wing_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o aelian_n say_v that_o deduction_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n the_o depth_n whereof_o manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n and_o they_o proceed_v 3._o not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n that_o be_v the_o fileleader_n be_v wheel_v to_o the_o flank_n after_o they_o have_v settle_v themselves_o to_o march_v proceed_v on_o their_o journey_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o flank_n only_o face_v that_o way_n the_o march_n be_v intend_v and_o return_v not_o to_o lead_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n as_o they_o do_v at_o first_o to_o lead_v by_o file_n be_v when_o the_o fileleader_n proceed_v and_o have_v their_o file_n follow_v at_o their_o back_n to_o lead_v by_o rank_n be_v when_o that_o which_o be_v the_o flank_n at_o first_o become_v the_o front_n and_o begin_v the_o march_n and_o the_o rest_n follow_v according_o flanke-wise_a yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o albeit_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v change_v in_o the_o deduction_n
charge_v the_o rear_n but_o since_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o fault_n in_o the_o text_n and_o where_o it_o be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o shall_v be_v correct_v and_o write_v as_o i_o take_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n 10._o julius_n pollux_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o forepart_n of_o those_o that_o fight_n be_v call_v the_o front_n the_o rank_n and_o the_o face_n the_o outward_a part_n on_o each_o side_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o flank_n the_o wing_n the_o right_a and_o the_o left_a the_o midst_n the_o navel_n f._n the_o depth_n the_o parget_n or_o wall_n the_o like_a do_v 89._o leo_n in_o many_o place_n and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a number_n be_v general_o take_v for_o the_o flank_n albeit_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n i_o deny_v not_o to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o rear_n sometime_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d xenophon_n who_o describe_v a_o fight_n betwixt_o the_o corcyreians_n and_o lacedaemonian_n have_v thus_o mnasippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n embattail_v his_o army_n put_v the_o enemy_n that_o be_v near_o the_o gate_n to_o flight_n and_o follow_v the_o chaâ—â—_n they_o be_v come_v near_o the_o wall_n turn_v again_o and_o throw_v and_o cast_v dart_n from_o the_o mountain_n other_o run_v out_o of_o the_o other_o gate_n in_o good_a number_n fall_v upon_o the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o be_v order_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 8_o deep_a and_o think_v the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n to_o be_v but_o weak_a endeavour_v to_o retire_v and_o fall_v off_o the_o enemy_n no_o soon_o see_v they_o give_v ground_n but_o present_o fall_v on_o more_o eager_o imagine_v they_o flee_v neither_o do_v they_o turn_v their_o face_n any_o more_o and_o they_o who_o stand_v next_o unto_o they_o soughe_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n mnasippus_n can_v give_v no_o aid_n to_o his_o distress_a soldier_n by_o reason_n he_o be_v hardly_o lay_v to_o by_o the_o corcireans_n that_o come_v to_o hand_n with_o he_o and_o his_o number_n by_o little_a and_o little_o decrease_v at_o last_o the_o enemy_n in_o great_a number_n press_v they_o sore_o that_o stand_v about_o mnasippus_n who_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o a_o very_a few_o and_o the_o arm_a foot_n of_o the_o city_n see_v what_o be_v do_v abroad_o issue_v out_o and_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v mnasippus_n they_o follow_v the_o chase_n all_o of_o they_o together_o thus_o 693._o xenophon_n and_o thus_o you_o may_v see_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n take_v for_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n howsover_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a signify_v the_o flank_n the_o antistomus_n phalange_n therefore_o differ_v from_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la in_o this_o only_a because_o the_o last_o maintain_v fight_v in_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o first_o in_o both_o flank_n and_o aelian_a in_o this_o chapter_n describe_v the_o battle_n which_o maintain_v the_o fight_n 7._o in_o the_o flank_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o inscription_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n and_o that_o the_o text_n ought_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v after_o a_o sort_n appear_v by_o aelian_n himself_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n where_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o battle_n he_o say_v plain_o that_o the_o antistomus_n fight_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d read_v then_o in_o the_o text_n those_o in_o the_o flank_n make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n in_o stead_n of_o these_o word_n those_o in_o front_n and_o rear_v and_o all_o the_o rest_n will_v agree_v to_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n 3._o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n the_o use_n of_o this_o battle_n be_v principal_o against_o horse_n as_o aelian_n give_v to_o understand_v because_o they_o be_v quick_a and_o speedy_a and_o can_v sudden_o turn_v divide_v themselves_o and_o charge_v where_o they_o list_v and_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v the_o weak_a part_n for_o your_o best_a man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v it_o be_v needful_a to_o find_v out_o some_o mean_n to_o defend_v they_o which_o be_v to_o instruct_v your_o soldier_n how_o to_o receive_v the_o charge_n by_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o flank_n in_o front_v you_o be_v always_o ready_a because_o face_n and_o weapon_n be_v bend_v that_o way_n effect_v the_o like_a in_o the_o flank_n and_o you_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v any_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o foot_n the_o danger_n be_v not_o so_o great_a because_o your_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o face_v every_o way_n as_o ready_o as_o the_o enemy_n give_v they_o only_o exercise_v and_o acqaint_v they_o with_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n 4._o and_o principal_o practise_v against_o the_o barbarian_n that_o it_o be_v much_o use_v among_o the_o grecian_n i_o find_v not_o in_o there_o history_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o use_n may_v be_v great_a in_o it_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la but_o i_o take_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v seldom_o put_v in_o practice_n to_o be_v because_o the_o flank_n of_o pike_n in_o the_o grecian_a battle_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n guard_v with_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n the_o front_n and_o rear_v have_v no_o such_o defence_n be_v common_o attach_v by_o the_o enemy_n seek_v all_o advantage_n to_o distress_v they_o and_o in_o case_n the_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n be_v absent_a the_o flank_n be_v the_o fair_a mark_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o can_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n be_v secure_v but_o by_o face_v that_o way_n where_o he_o give_v on_o which_o may_v be_v evident_o see_v by_o the_o fight_n cyrus_n the_o elder_a have_v against_o croesus_n which_o example_n you_o shall_v see_v set_v out_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 46._o chap._n page_n 79._o 5._o those_o be_v broad_a square_n that_o which_o i_o here_o translate_v a_o broad_a square_n be_v in_o the_o greek_a heteromeke_n of_o which_o form_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o note_n upon_o the_o 30._o chapter_n cap._n 39_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n front_n word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n for_o that_o form_n be_v describe_v in_o this_o chapter_n 1._o half_n rank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n 2._o charge_v your_o pike_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n 1._o advance_v your_o pike_n 2._o face_n as_o you_o be_v 1_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_fw-la chap._n thirty-nine_o 1_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n be_v like_a to_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la the_o form_n be_v a_o little_a alter_v so_o that_o it_o accustome_v the_o soldier_n to_o resist_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o incursion_n of_o horse_n all_o that_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o former_a phalange_n both_o for_o foot_n and_o horse_n agree_v with_o this_o figure_n also_o herein_o they_o differ_v that_o the_o 2_o amphistomus_fw-la receive_v the_o charge_n in_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o antistomus_n in_o flank_n but_o as_o well_o in_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o they_o fight_v with_o long_a pike_n as_o do_v the_o alan_o and_o sauromatans_n and_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o soldier_n in_o the_o file_n have_v their_o face_n bend_v forward_o the_o other_o half_o backward_o so_o that_o they_o stand_v back_o to_o back_o this_o form_n have_v two_o front_n the_o one_o before_o where_o the-file_n leader_n the_o other_o behind_o where_o the_o bringer_n up_o stand_v and_o be_v also_o divide_v into_o a_o 3_o diphalange_n it_o make_v the_o forefront_n with_o one_o the_o after-front_n with_o the_o other_o phalange_n note_n 1_o as_o the_o title_n of_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v mistake_v so_o be_v the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o shall_v have_v be_v of_o the_o antistomus_n as_o i_o have_v before_o show_v this_o of_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la that_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la the_o very_a word_n follow_v in_o this_o chapter_n will_v prove_v which_o be_v these_o the_o one_o half_a say_v he_o of_o the_o arm_a soldier_n in_o the_o file_n have_v their_o face_n bend_v forward_o the_o other_o half_o backward_o so_o that_o they_o stand_v back_o to_o back_o and_o the_o battle_n have_v two_o frontes_fw-la one_o before_o where_o the_o fileleader_n the_o other_o behind_o where_o the_o bringer_n up_o stand_v he_o describe_v the_o two_o front_n by_o the_o fileleader_n and_o bringer_n up_o who_o proper_a place_n be_v the_o front_n and_o rear_v &_o not_o the_o flank_n and_o further_o
seven_o chapter_n will_v teach_v we_o nor_o will_v any_o man_n say_v that_o a_o file_n be_v a_o phalange_n nor_o that_o the_o follow_v of_o one_o file_n single_o after_o the_o other_o will_v make_v a_o diphalange_n the_o true_a cause_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o word_n follow_v it_o be_v therefore_o call_v homoiostomus_n because_o they_o that_o follow_v follow_v in_o the_o like_a figure_n which_o word_n albeit_o they_o be_v general_a yet_o be_v explain_v and_o particularise_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n they_o show_v that_o it_o be_v call_v a_o diphalange_n homoiostomus_n when_o two_o phalanges_fw-la follow_v one_o another_o either_o in_o a_o right_n or_o a_o left_a hand_n deduction_n and_o by_o that_o part_n of_o the_o text_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o homoiostomus_n be_v sufficient_o express_v 3_o this_o be_v oppose_v against_o the_o both_o plinthium_fw-la how_o this_o form_n shall_v be_v oppose_v against_o the_o plinthium_fw-la i_o must_v confess_v i_o yet_o understand_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v that_o be_v in_o a_o march_n the_o plinthium_fw-la charge_n one_o of_o they_o on_o that_o side_n where_o the_o deduction_n that_o be_v in_o the_o front_n for_o the_o flank_n be_v now_o become_v the_o front_n the_o file-leader_n face_v to_o the_o enemy_n way_n and_o that_o the_o other_o if_o it_o be_v the_o lead_a phalange_n retire_v &_o wheal_v the_o follow_a file_n advance_v and_o wheal_v give_v upon_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o plinthium_fw-la so_o that_o the_o plinthium_fw-la be_v charge_v both_o in_o front_n and_o in_o flank_n which_o be_v no_o small_a advantage_n in_o fight_n for_o otherwise_o if_o the_o plinthium_fw-la meet_v the_o phalanges_fw-la so_o follow_v one_o another_o and_o charge_v the_o front_n which_o lead_v which_o indeed_o be_v not_o the_o front_n but_o the_o lead_a flank_n in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o march_n proceed_v not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n as_o aelian_n have_v the_o deducton_n not_o only_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o bring_v the_o file_n leader_n to_o fight_v but_o be_v also_o subject_a to_o overw_v and_o by_o that_o mean_n in_o worse_a case_n than_o be_v the_o induction_n which_o have_v the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n there_o be_v other_o use_n of_o the_o homoistomus_fw-la they_o be_v here_o specify_v by_o aelian_n for_o the_o the_o deduction_n direct_v the_o front_n against_o the_o enemy_n that_o appear_v or_o be_v like_a to_o appear_v on_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o deduction_n the_o phalanges_fw-la may_v fit_o second_v one_o another_o when_o either_o of_o they_o be_v charge_v not_o unlike_o the_o two_o btatailons_a of_o paradox_n foot_n which_o la_fw-fr noüe_fw-fr hold_v sufficient_a to_o repulse_v the_o charge_n of_o horse_n in_o open_a field_n or_o champeign_v and_o if_o both_o the_o deduction_n be_v charge_v at_o once_o they_o be_v at_o no_o great_a inconvenience_n then_o if_o they_o stand_v range_v in_o ordinary_a manner_n be_v either_o of_o they_o 16_o deep_a and_o the_o front_n which_o be_v in_o the_o deduction_n ready_a to_o receive_v the_o affort_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o â—immes_v dispose_v as_o in_o the_o ordinary_a phalange_n 4_o plinthium_fw-la be_v a_o form_n of_o battle_n this_o definition_n comprehend_v not_o all_o plinthium_n for_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o even-sided_n plinthium_fw-la it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o have_v the_o front_n &_o flank_n of_o one_o length_n and_o it_o be_v it_o which_o aelian_n here_o define_v there_o be_v also_o a_o kind_n of_o i_o linthium_n that_o be_v deep_a in_o flank_n then_o the_o front_n be_v long_o which_o of_o ancient_a time_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a in_o enlishg_v a_o tower_n the_o name_n of_o plinthium_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o brick_n because_o as_o the_o brick_n be_v square_a so_o be_v this_o battle_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n i_o think_v that_o it_o be_v often_o confound_v plesium_n this_o be_v also_o a_o square_a battle_n and_o the_o name_n deduce_v from_o the_o mould_n wherein_o brick_n be_v fashion_v which_o mould_n be_v call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o form_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o according_a to_o aelian_n be_v that_o the_o pliniheum_n be_v a_o perfect_a square_a equal_a both_o in_o length_n and_o depth_n the_o plesium_n a_o square_a long_o in_o front_n then_o flank_n 5_o in_o this_o figure_n be_v none_o but_o arm_a in_o the_o foreside_n what_o then_o become_v of_o the_o lightarmed_n they_o must_v be_v convey_v into_o the_o midst_n and_o the_o plinthium_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v hollow_a within_o as_o well_o to_o receive_v they_o as_o those_o of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v unfit_a for_o fight_v leo_n have_v this_o precept_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v horse_n you_o be_v to_o order_v the_o army_n into_o the_o square_a figure_n of_o a_o plinthium_fw-la and_o cast_v into_o the_o hollow_a midst_n the_o carriage_n beast_n and_o carriage_n and_o without_o they_o the_o arm_v and_o further_a without_o the_o archer_n that_o so_o you_o may_v dismarch_n in_o safety_n yet_o this_o place_v the_o archer_n without_o be_v contrary_a to_o aelian_n &_o to_o many_o experience_n mention_v in_o the_o greek_a history_n 25â—_n timotheus_n the_o athenian_a purpose_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o city_n olynthus_n and_o fear_v the_o olinthian_a horseman_n order_v his_o army_n into_o a_o broad-fronted_n plinthium_fw-la cast_v the_o baggage_n and_o horse_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o cause_v the_o wagon_n to_o be_v drive_v throng_a and_o fasten_v together_o the_o arm_a foot_n be_v without_o on_o all_o side_n so_o that_o the_o olynthian_a horse_n can_v not_o come_v to_o distress_v they_o brsidas_n the_o lacedaemonian_a being_n in_o illyrium_n brasidâ—_n forsake_v of_o the_o macedonian_n his_o ally_n expect_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o arrhybeus_n and_o the_o illyrian_n reduce_v his_o arm_a into_o a_o square_a and_o take_v the_o lightarmed_n into_o the_o midst_n resolve_v to_o retire_v the_o young_a he_o appoint_v to_o fall_v out_o if_o the_o enemy_n charge_v on_o any_o side_n himself_o with_o 300_o choose_a man_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o secure_v the_o rear_n and_o to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n that_o shall_v first_o come_v to_o charge_n the_o barbarian_n see_v he_o dismarch_a follow_v with_o great_a shout_n and_o cry_n imagine_v he_o flee_v and_o hope_v to_o take_v he_o and_o cut_v his_o throat_n but_o when_o the_o lightarmed_n fall_v out_o and_o meet_v they_o wheresoever_o they_o give_v on_o and_o himself_o with_o his_o select_a band_n receive_v they_o and_o contrary_a to_o their_o opinion_n stand_v firm_a and_o repulse_v the_o first_o charge_n and_o ever_o as_o they_o forbear_v to_o charge_v hold_v on_o his_o way_n the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o barbarian_n leave_v the_o grecian_n and_o appoint_v a_o party_n to_o follow_v their_o rear_n the_o rest_n pursue_v the_o macedonian_n that_o flee_v a_o kill_v as_o many_o as_o they_o light_v upon_o 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