or distance This doubling of the bringers up or of middle-men is very requisit in giving a generall salve of Musket and as it is to be observed in rancks that the best men are placed in front reare and middle even so in files every Corporalship being foure files of Musketiers the likeliest are put ever in the right and left files of the foure being also of best experience The doubling of rancks being done and all remitted in good order and to their first distance of open order you are to command and exercise Souldiers in three severall wayes of counter-marching requisit in some respects but in my opinion to be used but seldome except it be in necessity in such parts as the ground will not permit otherwise therefore to avoide disorder Souldiers ought not to be ignorant of any of the three sorts of counter-marching First having commanded the Souldiers to dresse their rancks and files and to carry their Muskets handsomly keeping silence say To the right hand the counter-march without noise or losing of ground To the left hand retire againe to the former ground Then command againe to dresse rancks and files and to right their Armes keeping silence taking heede to what is to be commanded and say To the right hand turne Then the Flancke before being now the Front command To the right hand counter-march and lose no ground To the left hand as you were This is used ordinarily to change one wing of Battaile in place of the other then that the Front may be as it was first before they Countermarcht To the left hand turne dresse your Rankes and Files and be silent Another sort of Countermarch is the Slavonian countermarch where you lose ground the Front being changed also then you command the first Ranke to turne about to the right hand then you say to the rest Countermarch and through to your former distance after your Leaders Then say Leaders as you were and to the rest To the left hand countermarch as you were to your first ground The third sort of countermarch I esteeme most of to be practised being rather a conversion very requisit to be well knowne to all Souldiers in all Armies chiefly to be used before an enemy for as it is most sudden so in my opinion it breeds least disorder and disturbance the Souldiers once used to it of themselves they will willingly doe it on any occasion the body being before in open order or Battaile order say Close the Ranks and Files to your closse order without encumbering one of another every man following right his owne Leader keeping closse to his side man then say To the right hand the quarter turne halfe or whole as the occasion and the ground doth permit and then say Dresse your Armes and follow your Leaders and open againe to your Battaile order Lastly the body of your Musketiers exercised perfectly after this manner for the better bringing of them in exercise and breath that in case any disorder may happen amongst them they may the better afterward be acquainted one with another say to your open order of six foote distances Open both Rankes and Files and set downe your Armes handsomely where you stand then command your Sergeant to goe an hundred paces from the body of your Musketiers and sticke in his Holbert in the ground then admonish your Souldiers that at the tucke of your Drumme they runne from their Armes about the Holbert and to stay there till the Drumme recall them againe to their Armes which being done it makes the Souldiers able in breath to know one anothers place in case they should be brought at any time in disorder to recover themselves the better Thus much for the training of Souldiers in changing of place as you will have them without giving of fire When you have gotten your Souldiers thus experimented in their motions then are you to acquaint them with shot in giving of fire to make them fix against their enemies which is easily done having once apart and singularly used their Muskets after the order of the severall postures belonging thereto as was commanded their inferiour Officers and Leaders to teach them before they were exercised Therefore before you come to the particular formes of giving fire you shall first give some generall directions to be observed by all for avoiding the hurting of themselves or of their Camerades as also how they can best offend their enemies and to this effect you shall admonish in love all brave Musketiers first to have their Muskets cleere and hansome and above all fix in the worke especially every Souldier would be well knowne with his owne Musket and cocke to cocke aright then to hold the mouth or Cannon of his Musket ever high up either being on his shoulder or in priming or guarding of his panne but in giving fire never higher or lower than levell with the enemies middle then your Musketiers being in readinesse your Muskets charged they may be commanded to give fire in skirmish disbandoned as their Officers doe direct them to advance or retire as the occasion offers also to give fire by Ranckes Files Divisions or in Salves as the Officer pleaseth to command to the effect they may be fixed Omni modo though in my opinion one way is the best yet there are severall wayes of giving fire in advancing to an enemy as retiring from an enemy or in standing firme before an enemy either by Rancks or by Files made to Rancks Advancing to an enemy not being disbandoned but in one bodie they give fire by Rancks to Rancks having made readie alike they advance ten paces before the bodie being led up by an Officer that stands in even Front with them the Cannon or mouth of their Muskets of both Rancks being past his bodie The second Rancke being close to the backe of the foremost both gives fire alike priming and casting about their Muskets they charge againe where they stand till the other two Rancks advance before them and give fire after the same manner till the whole Troope hath discharged and so to beginne againe as before after the order of the through-countermarch ever advancing to an enemie never turning backe without death or victorie And this is the forme that I esteeme to be the best as for the rest they are not to be much used but this order can be used winning ground advancing or losing ground in a Retreate When you would command the body of your Musketiers to give fire in a Salve as is ordinarie in Battell before an enemy joyne or against Horsemen then you command the bringers up or Reare to double the Front to the right hand and to make readie having the match cocked and their pannes well guarded having closed the three Rancks though not the Files the Officers standing in equall Front with the foremost Rancke betwixt two Divisions he commands to give fire one Salve two or three and having charged againe and shouldered their Armes they retire to
or Parapet for their better safeties His Majestie then having ended the morning prayers and that the mist was vanishing away by the rising of the Sunne giving out by all appearance the tokens of a cleare day His Majestie then with comfortable exhortation exhorted every man foote and horse to fight bravely especially directing his speech unto the Swedens and Finnes You true and valiant brethren see that you doe valiantly carry your selves this day fighting bravely for Gods Word and your King which if you doe so will you have mercy of God and honour before the world and I will truely reward you but if you doe not I sweare unto you that your bones shall never come in Sweden againe The Dutch also his Majesty exhorted after this manner You true and worthy Dutch brethren Officers and common Souldiers I exhort you all carry your selves manly and fight truely with me runne not away and I shall hazard my body and bloud with you for your best if you stand with me so I hope in God to obtaine victory the profit whereof will redownd to you and your successours and if otherwise you doe so are you and your liberties lost His Majestie having ended this speech saith now let us to it and let us cry unto God with one voice Iesu Iesu Iesu helpe me this day to fight for the glory of thy Name He advanced then in full Battaile fasting having neither tasted meate nor drinke right forwards towards the Towne of Leitzen where on both sides the Duke of Freedland his Horsemen did present themselves untill such time as their Generall had brought their Infantrie in Battaile beside the Winde-mill and then to a side by the Ditch that was before their Front they retired backe a little and set themselves in Battaile on the right hand of the Towne of Leitzen and then putting the Towne on fire to the end the Swedens on that quarter could doe them no harme Notwithstanding whereof with full resolution the Swedens Armie in full Battaile marched by the side of the Towne on the ditch where their Musketiers were lodged and presented themselves in good order against the mighty and strong Emperiall Armie whereupon the Emperialists great Cannon that were planted by the winde-mill began to give fire in the middest of the Swedens Armie and were incontinent repayed and answered with the like noyse so that the Cannon played two long houres on both sides the fight going bravely on betwixt nine and tenne of the clocke that his Majestie himselfe advanced towards the enemie with the Van-guarde of his Armie even to their Graffe where their Musketiers were set much to his Majestie disadvantage so that sundries of his Majestie forces fell therein Neverthelesse they chased the enemie a little out of the ditch and tooke seven of the Emperialists Cannon that were planted alongst the Graffe After this the other Swedens Briggad or yellow Regiment of the Guard is come after and not esteeming of the Graffe in their way or of the three squadrons or Battailes of the enemies foote being foure times stronger than they which they manfully did beate making them to give ground till they were ruin'd and then on the second time scattering them also even untill the third advancing and being growne weake and wearie with so many brave Charges being resisted by the enemies third Battaile which were seconded well with two squadrons of horsemen at last with the blew Regiments comming up to relieve them driven backe and almost so scattered that they were ruined and the seven Cannon which formerly they had wonne were taken from them againe In the meane time the Swedens small Cannon that were planted before the Briggads being righted on the enemies Cannon at the winde-mill whereon also Duke Barnards Cannon which were before his Briggad played on the enemies Cannon towards the wind-mill doing great hurt to the enemie so that they were forced to retire their Cannon a little behinde the Millars house in this meane time his Majestie with some squadrons of horse charged the enemie that was thrice stronger than they charging with their right wing his left wing falling on them with such surie that their Reare-guard or reserve were astonished being so furious that they went through their enemies putting them to the flight But especially his Majestie himselfe having charged too farre with foure Cornets in the midd'st of the enemies troopes being deadly wonded gave up the Ghost fighting for God and for the defence of the true Religion he departed valiantly and happily for him in Christ our Saviour Neverthelesse two great bodies of Crabbats of the enemies left wing stood firme and falling on the right wing of the Swedens horsemen with such a crie and furie advanced so farre that they were Masters of the Swedens Amunition waggons bringing also some of the Swedens horsemen in disorder whereupon incontinent did fall on three squadrons of the Swedens horsemen under whom Lievetenant Colonell Relingen was one that did second the rest bravely who was shot in the Arme. Neverthelesse the Crabbats were beaten backe againe with losse during which time Duke Barnard of Wymar was not idle with the left wing of the Swedens horsemen but with the commanded musketiers being of Leslies Regiment and with the small Cannon charged the enemies right wing making them retire on their Cannon by the wind-mill and Gallowes and after long fighting they were made at last to give ground quitting to the Swedens fourteene peeces of great Ordinance As the Duke of Wymar did charge the enemie their Amunition waggons tooke fire which did indammage the enemie much but thereafter Papenhaim comming from Hall with a fresh supplie unlooked for the service was begunne againe more sharpe and violent than before which continued for a while very vehement he having recollected the scattered Troopes the Order whereof can scarce bee well set downe by reason it was so neere night before Papenhaims comming yet the service continued hot and cruell so long as he lived till it was past eight a Clocke at night that in end Papenhaim being kill'd the Emperialists losing courage through the assistance of God and the manly and valiant courage of Duke Barnard of Wymar the victorie was come on the Swedens side the enemie having quit the field and burnt off his Leaguer with his whole Baggage and three peeces of Cannon which he could not get carryed away with him hee tooke his retreate againe on Leipsigh There were killed of the Emperialists the Abbot of Fulda the Grave Fon Papenhaim Colonell Lane Colonell Vestrum Lievetenant Colonell Lorâ— Livetenant Colonell Taphim Lievetenant Colonell Camerhooffe Colonell Soâ—es with many other inferiour Officers and Souldiers On the Swedens side were lost with his Majestie Generall Major Isler Colonell Gerstorfe Generall Major Grave Neeles a Sweden Colonell Vildesten and divers more were hurt and of our Nation was hurt with the Cannon and musket twice Captaine Henry Lindesey brother to Bainshow who for a time
heart and his will not set to sinne So was our Master Captaine and King like unto a stone most precious even like a Iasper cleere as Christall ever and ever And truely if Apelles with his skill in painting and Cicero with his tongue in speaking were both alive and pressed to adde any thing to the perfection of our Master Captaine and King truely the ones best Colours and the others best Words were not able to adde one shaddow to the brightnesse of his Royall Minde and Spirit So that while the world stands our King Captaine and Master cannot be enough praised Alas then it was our sinnes and the sinnes of the Army and the Land was the cause of our punishment in losing of him with that unhappy last bullet of the three shot through his head who was the head of us all under God our Father in Christ that did undoe us it was we I say that sinned against the Lord and his Anointed It was our misdeedes did thus grow over our heads that made us lose our Head and Leader Woe woe then to us that left the Lord till we made the Lord take him from us that was our guard and comforter under God in all our troubles What then ought we to doe that one day we may raigne with him in glory While it is to day we must cast off the workes of darknesse and embrace the light in newnesse of life repenting of the evill and turning away from our wickednesse by repentance not like unto Cain not like unto Saul not like unto Achitophell not like to Iudas Iscariot who all doubted but like those of Nineve in dust and ashes to fast and pray beleeving in the Lord and with David to say We have sinned against thee and against the Heavens be mercifull unto us o Lord like unto Peter let us ô Lord Weepe bitterly let us then repent and beleeve the Gospell beleeve yea and turne to the Lord with all our hearts with fasting and praying and mourning with Saul that said Thou art more righteous then I in shewing me good for evill much more ought we to life up our voices and with teares of repentance mourne for the losse of our Master Captaine and King through our sinnes and unthankfulnesse Therefore to day while we have time let us acknowledge our sinnes before the Lord and repent lest a worse come unto us and that then we be cast into prison till that we pay the last farthing for if the Lord spared not his owne Sonne who was blamelesse and without sinne while he tooke on him our sinnes what shall then become of us No otherwise but except we turne from our sinnes we must also die the death Let us not then close our eares as at Meriba and at Massa in the wildernesse but with the forlorne Child cry Father we have sinned against thee and against heaven and are not more worthy to be called thy Sonnes Lord therefore be mercifull unto us and enter not into judgment with us Then let us all weare mourning and lament the death of the valiant King Gustavus Adolphus while we breath Yet what helpe Res est irrevocabilis et quod factum est insectum fieri nequit what is done cannot be recalled and should we mourne like unto those who have no hope Farre be it from us seing it cannot helpe us in this life or in the life to come Let us then say with Micha let it be with us as it pleaseth God and let us say with David It is good for us o Lord that thou hast chastened us with thy Rod thou canst also helpe us and bring us to an happy end of all our miseries the Lord will not suffer us nor our seede to lacke bread and the Lord our God did ever give unto the people of Israell at all times Rulers Iudges and Kings and Iael though a woman despised was strong enough to drive a naile in the right cause Shall not then the Lord on our repentance sturre up one yet to take his cause in hand who are also Israels and the Lords people and inheritance being also christened in the Lords name And as a Mother doth not forget her Child so will not the Lord forget us but in place of our Master Captaine and King will yet give unto us a valiant Leader come I hope of the valiant Bruce of the first King of the Stewarts of the Issue of Elizabeth the Queene of Bohemia and Iewell of her sex the most splendid in brightnesse of minde for a woman that the Earth doth affoord From her I wish the Leader to come into the field to fight with goodlucke victory with strength power with wisdome and understanding c. against her enemies and our enemies alwayes well furnished and prepared the Lord will give him an Horne of Iron and feete of Brasse to beate his enemies in peeces the Lord will list up his hand upon his adversaries and cut off all his enemies and to conclude he will make him treade the Devill under his feete The Lord of his infinite mercy grant unto us such a Leader in place of our valiant Master Captaine and King of never dying memory the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden so shall we not neede in any manner of way to doubt of a wished happy end both to the warre and to our selves being victorious over all our enemies temporall and spirituall Amen The fourty-one Duty discharged at the intaking of Landsberg on the Leake and the reliefe of Rhine PALSGRAVE Christian being left by his Majesty to command the Army in Bavier having left Rhine with foure Companies of Swedens commanded by Colonell Worbran his Major he brake up with the Army towards Aichstade in Bavier and having taken it by Accord he continued his march towards Landsberg on the Leake Where having arrived within halfe a mile of the Towne we quartered for a night till preparation were made of victualls and furniture convenient for the beleaguering which being made the next day we marched towards the Towne in Battaile drawing up within reach of Cannon to the walles in the safest part they thundering with cannon amongst us our foote Army was divided in Briggads and directed to severall Posts our horsmen were also divided Some were commanded out to scoure the fields on that side the enemy was to come others were appointed to remaine beside the Infantry to second us against the out-falling or otherwise to second us against the reliefe that might come to the Towne The rest of our Horsemen were directed to Quarters having left Ordonance Rutters to bring them intelligence The Towne being beleaguered on all Quarters a Bridge was made over the River where a strong Guard of horse and foote were sent to hinder both their supply and escape on that side Likewise the approaches were begun and orders were given in haste for making the Batteries And the Guards being set both to the Cannon and to those that
of Pikes goes to bring out the Colours to be placed in Front of the Company before they march As also the Colours are to be conveyed againe in this manner at all lodging and dislodging The Company marching to Parad or watch with complete Officers the Captaine leads off six Rots of Musketiers his Drumme beating betwixt the second and the third Ranke then followes up after that division the oldest Sergeant leading up the first five Rots of Pikemen the Ensigne leading up the other Division of Pikes his Furer furing his Colours after him and the second Drummer beating betwixt the two Divisions then the Lievetenant leads up the last Division of Musketiers being six Rots also and coming in equall Front with the rest the Captaine making a signe for the Drumme beating they order their Armes the Captaine standing in Front on the Right hand the Ensigne on his left and the Lievetenant on the left hand of both with a Sergeant on each Flancke and the under-Beifells with halfe Pikes stand in the Reare of the Company Twelve Companies thus complete would make up three Squadrons every Squadron of Pikes and Muskets being drawne up severall apart after the former example of the lesse body Pikes and Colours on the right hand and the Musketiers on the left which three Squadrons thus drawne up and complete would make a complete Briggad of Foote to be divided as followes viz. eight Corporall-ships of Musketiers being thirty-two Rots divided in foure Plottons every Plotton being eight in front led off by a Captaine and every Division after him led up by a sufficient Officer till at a haulte all were drawne in even front after this Division should follow the thirty-six Rots of Pikes being twelve Corporall-ships with their Colours a Captaine leading off the first five Rots before the foure Colours should stirre where betwixt the second and third Ranke of the first Division of Pikes the Drummer should beate then the Ensignes should leade off the other Division their Furers with their Colours following them till they drew up in even Front with the first Division of Pikes which ought to be in one Front with the thirty-two Rots of Musketiers that make the right wing of the Briggad keeping their Armes orderly shouldered till they were commanded otherwise and their Sergeants ought to looke unto the Flanks till such time that the whole Squadron of Pikes being thirty-six Rots were drawne up in even Front with the Musketiers after this manner the other Squadron of Pikes being thirty-six Rots also which should make the Battaile of the Briggad ought to march by Divisions being led up in all respects and order after the manner of the former Squadron of Pikes till they were in even Front with the rest then the other thirty-two Rots of Musketiers belonging to that Squadron which are appointed to be the Battaile of the Briggad ought to be led up as the first Division of Musketiers were in all points which ought to draw up at a reasonable distance behinde their owne Squadron of Pikes appointed for the Battaile of the Briggad where their Sergeants on the Flancks ought to looke to their order and not to suffer them to stirre their Armes till they were commanded And after them should march up the last Squadron of Pikes in all respects observing the order of the former Squadrons in their marching till they were led up in equall Front with the other Pikes and then march up the last thirty-two Rots of Musketiers in foure Divisions observing the order of the former Divisions till they were in equall Front with the whole Pikes and then they making up the left wing of the Briggad the Colonell of the Briggad ordaines the battell of Pikes being the middle Squadron of Pikes to advance in one body before the rest till they are free of the Musketiers and Pikes which makes the wings of the Briggad and then the battaile of Pikes standing firme the thirty-two Rot of Musketiers which were drawne up behinde them march up till they fill up the voide betwixt the Squadrons of pikes standing right behinde their owne pikes that is the battaile of the Briggad and then the Colonell making a signe to the Drummers they beate all alike till the Briggad in one instant doth order their Armes all Officers of the Briggad standing on their stations according as they were directed then the superplus of the three Squadrons of musketiers being fourty-eight Rot are drawne up behinde the Briggad having also Officers to command them they attend orders which they are to obey being commanded out as pleaseth their Officers either to guard Cannon or Baggage or to be Convoyes to bring Amunition or victualls to the rest A direction to Traine single Souldiers apart HAving thus formed a Company and showne the manner to draw up a complete Briggad for the younger Officer his better understanding being a Novice to this Discipline I will set downe briefely the best way suddenly to bring a young Company to be exercised which in my opinion would be thus First since every Rot of the twenty-one whereof the Company doth consist hath allowed a Corporall or a Rot-master as the Leader of the other five which Leader is supposed to be more expert in handling of Pike or Musket then the other five who make up the Rot and the under Rot-master is supposed to be more expert in handling his Armes than the other foure so that he is appointed as a second to the Leader being sometimes a Leader himselfe then after the company is made up for the first weeke I would have every Corporall of the six and the fifteene Rot-masters being Leaders with the helpe of their under Rot-masters in a weekes time to make the other foure as expert in handling of Pike and Musket as themselves or to be punished with Irons in case of their neglect which the Sergeants should see done as they should answer to the Lievetenant the Lievetenant to the Captaine and the Captaine to the Major the Major to the Lievetenant Colonell and they all to the Colonell which they ought to practise in the fields apart till the Rot were acquainted every one with his Leader from the first to the last and while as the under Rot-master should turne Leader then all the followers before were then Leaders also and then the Rot being apart the middle man of the Rot should be taught to double to the Front till their deepe were three that was six before and in falling off againe the middle man should turne to the contrary side or hand he came up upon carrying their Armes handsomly free from others without making noise in their retiring to their former station and orders Likewise I would have the Corporall Rot-master or Leader being a Musketier having his Rot once expert in handling severally the Musket well then to discharge their Muskets in winning ground advancing to an enemy the Leader having discharged his musket standing still to blow his panne and prime againe
without suspition within shot of Cannon But when either Trumpeter or Drummer is sent with letters or message to prisoners he ought before he come neere the Guards sound his Trumpet or beate his Drumme giving advertisment to the Guards before he enter within their outward Centries otherwise he is lyable to the highest punishment but having law fully aduertised the Guard an Officer by command of the Captaine of the watch with a Convoy of Musketiers ought to meete him and having enquired for his commission and passe and seene his open letters having search't him for private letters and finding none then he ought to sile or blinde him up and convay him blinded unto the chiefe Commander who receives his letters reades and delivers them and then after he being siled up againe he is convaied unto the Gavilliger where he is kept till he be ready and suffered to depart againe with open Letters being convayed out as he came in and no Prisoner ought to deliver any letters though open to any man till first he acquaint his Guard who ought to impart it to the Commander of the pâ—ce and it is ordinary to Governours or Commanders to whom Trumpeters or Drummers doe come having received their answer being brought siled from the Gavilligers unto their lodging first to talke merrily with them and then to cause attenders drinke to them till they be merrry and then being siled againe they are convayed without the whole Contries having their passe they are free to returne Prisoners having agreed for their Ransomes or being exchanged out for others they ought not be suffered to depart without getting first the Generalls passe and then he may goe with a Trumpeter or without one to the next friendly Garrison For quartering an Army in field upon March Dorpe Towne or Leaguer An Observation A Commander ought not be ignorant of the circumstances belonging to the quartering of an Army therefore for the better Information of the younger sort who have not seene such Marches as I have bin at with his Majesty of worthy memory who quartered his Army Summer or Winter according as the occasion or neerenesse of his enemy did offer where many times the whole winters night the Army horse foote and Artillery being without fire did stand in battaile order by their Armes in the fields having placed their Artillery apart with a guard to attend them their baggage also being behinde them apart and well guarded and a maine guard being commanded out apart before the Army of horse and foote And the Armies being neere one another all Officers were commanded to abide on their severall charges as they were commanded on the March to leade Briggads Troopes or Divisions The commanded men being also apart next unto the enemy with their Officers by them which all being orderly quartered in this first manner they entertained one another with such dainties as the time afforded passing the night with variety of merry jests and discourses till day that either Drumme or Trumpet did invite them unto earnest The second forme of our quartering was in the fields not being neere an enemy where we quartered a little more commodiously for our ease being commonly drawne up by foure or five of the clocke in the afternoone neere some Towne or Village in some faire meadow by water if it could be had in the Summer and in the Winter being quartered we drew neere the side of some wood both for fire and for build or shelter The Army drew up in battaile by Briggads as they marched where behinde the place the Briggads drew up unto at a reasonable distance their quarters were marked out severally according as they stood in battaile and before the Briggads removed from their Armes their guards were first commanded out every Briggads guard being placed at a distance of foure score paces from their Colours where they were appointed to watch and the watch being set Centries were put to the Colours and then the Pike-men were ordained to six their Pikes fast in the ground as they stood in battaile the Musketiers also were ordained in dry wether to set up their Muskets in order in even front with their Colours but when it rained they were commanded to keepe them carefully dry by themselves which all orderly done they were suffered part and part to goe and provide themselves of straw and fire providing also many times well for their Officers Kitchins beside The Artillery and Amunition waggons being also drawne up a part and well guarded their horses were sent to grasse for good quarters then the Baggage and wagons as they came up did draw up orderly behinde their owne Regiments and their horses being sent to grasse the Officers Tents were set up orderly at a distance before their Colours and then cookes went to dresse meate and all being returned to quarters before supper the whole Drummes of the Army did beate before their severall Briggads inviting all to publique prayers which were never forgotten And after prayers the Majors of the Regiments did give out orders for that night to the Sergeants and for up-breaking the next morning and then all went to meate first and next to rest and the whole horsmen were drawne up in this fashion and parties were sent out of their quarters to batter the streets two or three mile off the whole night lest we should be surprised by an enemy without intelligence The next morning Drummes having called all to Armes the Briggad that had the Van marched out first in a new ground and drew up the Briggad that had the Van the day before marched out drawing up on their left hand having fallen backe one degree from the Van and then the rest of the Briggads drew out orderly one after another till the left hand of the foote Army were closed up and then they went to prayers and the prayers ended they marched the Baggage marching after being drawne up in order as the Briggads or Regiments did march so did they The Artillery marched with the Briggads in part and the rest marched before the Army with their Convoyes and guard of Musketiers which were changed every two dayes being commanded men out of all Regiments proportionally having Officers commanded them accordingly Thus much of quartering in the fields The third manner of quartering an enemy being a farre off and we neere Townes onely in cold weather quarterings were given for the Hoffestaffe being the King or Generall and their followers and the principall Officers of the Army including his Majesties houshold whose quarters were first appointed by the generall quarter-master in the Townes and next to the Hoffe-staffe the Colonells that commanded Briggads were quartered and next to them the Colonells of Regiments their Officers and Souldiers agreat part and the best of the quarters ordained for the Officers belonging to the Artillery their horses and servants The Artillery and baggage standing without the Towne those who quartered within the Towne had allowance of free meate and drinke