be_v call_v tarentines_n and_o some_o have_v bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o be_v call_v scythae_n because_o the_o scythian_n delight_v much_o in_o the_o bow_n if_o you_o will_v compare_v the_o ancient_a grecian_a and_o the_o modern_a army_n use_v not_o half_a a_o age_n ago_o in_o the_o point_n of_o arm_n you_o will_v not_o find_v any_o considerable_a compare_v grecian_a and_o modern_a arm_n compare_v difference_n to_o the_o heavy_a arm_a grecian_a foot_n answer_v our_o pike-man_n when_o they_o be_v and_o still_o shall_v be_v arm_v with_o head-piece_n back_o and_o breast_n greeves_n and_o taslet_n except_o in_o this_o that_o we_o want_v target_n and_o walk_v not_o in_o brazen_a boot_n to_o the_o light_n arm_v or_o velite_n of_o the_o greek_n do_v answer_v our_o bowman_n or_o harquebusier_n when_o we_o have_v they_o and_o now_o our_o musquetier_n to_o the_o grecian_a cataphracti_fw-la on_o horseback_n correspond_v our_o gens_n d'arm_n or_o cuirassier_n arm_v with_o lance_n when_o they_o be_v in_o fashion_n and_o now_o with_o pistol_n and_o carabine_n to_o the_o light_a arm_a horseman_n call_v sagittarii_fw-la or_o scythe_n you_o may_v compare_v those_o who_o the_o french_a call_v still_o archer_n arm_v former_o even_o since_o gunpowder_n be_v find_v out_o with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o half_a lance_n and_o now_o with_o pistol_n or_o carabine_n to_o the_o tarentines_n answer_v general_o our_o light_a horseman_n arm_v offensive_o now_o with_o hand-gun_n and_o sword_n and_o some_o of_o they_o defensive_o with_o back_o breast_n and_o head-piece_n but_o most_o without_o any_o of_o they_o chap._n iu._n of_o their_o great_a engine_n and_o machine_n of_o their_o train_n and_o exercise_v the_o ancient_n have_v their_o artillery_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v these_o be_v their_o ram_n balist_n and_o catapult_n they_o have_v also_o their_o vineae_fw-la plutei_fw-la moscoli_fw-la and_o other_o engine_n whereby_o they_o make_v their_o approach_n to_o the_o wall_n of_o besiege_a â—_z i_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o some_o attribute_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o move_a or_o ambulatory_a tower_n so_o much_o admire_v by_o antiquity_n to_o demetrius_n the_o son_n of_o antigonus_n for_o to_o i_o it_o be_v clear_a enough_o that_o his_o father_n master_n the_o great_a alexander_n have_v one_o of_o they_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o gaza_n which_o be_v render_v ineffectual_a by_o the_o deep_a sand_n through_o which_o it_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v so_o tower_n the_o ambulatory_a tower_n near_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v needful_a for_o the_o wheel_n on_o which_o it_o be_v to_o move_v sink_v down_o neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o alexander_n himself_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o whether_o the_o trojan_a horse_n who_o belly_n be_v stuff_v with_o arm_a man_n may_v be_v such_o a_o machine_n as_o this_o or_o whether_o it_o have_v only_o its_o existency_n in_o the_o poet_n brain_n be_v no_o great_a matter_n but_o because_o the_o roman_n use_v all_o these_o warlike_a engine_n at_o the_o expugnation_n and_o propugnation_n of_o town_n i_o shall_v refer_v my_o reader_n concern_v they_o to_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n where_o i_o shall_v also_o show_v he_o the_o substance_n of_o what_o aeneas_n a_o ancient_a grecian_a tactick_a say_v on_o that_o subject_n here_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o grecian_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o usurp_v to_o themselves_o the_o invention_n of_o many_o art_n and_o science_n which_o they_o steal_v from_o other_o so_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o many_o of_o these_o machine_n be_v use_v in_o the_o world_n before_o the_o grecian_n be_v so_o much_o know_v as_o afterward_o they_o come_v to_o be_v we_o read_v in_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o chronicle_n that_o ozias_n king_n of_o judah_n by_o the_o invention_n of_o skilful_a master_n make_v and_o plant_v on_o the_o tower_n and_o corner_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o jerusalem_n engine_n which_o shoot_v arrow_n dart_n and_o great_a stone_n and_o these_o be_v no_o other_o than_o those_o machine_n the_o greek_n call_v catapult_n and_o balist_n and_o this_o be_v long_o before_o the_o overthrow_n and_o defeat_v of_o the_o persian_a monarch_n grecian_n these_o machine_n not_o invent_v by_o the_o grecian_n make_v greece_n famous_a in_o the_o habitable_a world_n some_o think_v moses_n invent_v they_o and_o i_o think_v they_o may_v as_o well_o fancy_n he_o invent_v the_o move_a tower_n of_o all_o which_o hereafter_o whereof_o i_o speak_v but_o just_a now_o but_o the_o place_n allege_v for_o this_o which_o be_v the_o last_o verse_n of_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o deuteronomy_n will_v not_o justify_v that_o for_o it_o be_v say_v there_o as_o the_o italian_a translation_n have_v it_o thou_o shall_v cut_v down_o those_o tree_n which_o bear_v no_o fruit_n and_o make_v bulwark_n bastioni_fw-la of_o they_o against_o those_o city_n thou_o be_v to_o besiege_v and_o though_o lipsius_n and_o tâ—rduzzi_n think_v that_o here_o be_v only_o mean_v stake_n and_o pallisadoe_n for_o rampart_n and_o sconce_n yet_o i_o may_v without_o heresy_n believe_v that_o the_o vineâ—_n and_o plutei_fw-la of_o which_o we_o read_v in_o latin_a history_n may_v be_v mean_v in_o the_o text_n and_o the_o ram_n also_o wherewith_o i_o suppose_v joshua_n may_v have_v batter_v the_o wall_n of_o those_o city_n which_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n from_o the_o almighty_a to_o beat_v down_o with_o the_o sound_n of_o ram_n horn_n as_o he_o do_v the_o strong_a wall_n of_o jericho_n the_o grecian_n be_v very_o exact_a in_o training_n and_o drill_v both_o their_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o without_o question_n they_o teach_v their_o soldier_n very_o perfect_o to_o handle_v and_o manage_v all_o the_o arm_n they_o be_v appoint_v to_o carry_v whether_o those_o be_v javelin_n dart_n stone_n sling_n sword_n pike_n lance_n mace_n or_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o as_o careful_a they_o be_v to_o teach_v they_o those_o motion_n exercise_n grecian_a word_n of_o exercise_n and_o evolution_n whereby_o their_o body_n whether_o small_a or_o great_a change_v their_o present_a posture_n into_o another_o either_o by_o face_n doubling_n countermarche_n or_o wheeling_n and_o though_o the_o european_a nation_n be_v force_v to_o find_v out_o word_n of_o command_n each_o in_o their_o own_o language_n to_o teach_v the_o use_n and_o handle_n of_o the_o pistol_n carabine_n harquebus_n musket_n or_o any_o other_o fire-gun_n in_o regard_n none_o of_o those_o be_v know_v to_o any_o of_o the_o autient_n yet_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o pike_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o its_o posture_n that_o the_o grecian_n have_v and_o all_o our_o european_a word_n of_o command_n for_o the_o motion_n and_o evolution_n of_o body_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o greek_a by_o example_n that_o which_o they_o call_v we_o all_o one_o with_o we_o declina_fw-la in_o hastam_fw-la we_o call_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n that_o which_o with_o they_o be_v declina_fw-la in_o scutum_fw-la with_o we_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n because_o they_o carry_v their_o pike_n on_o their_o right_a shoulder_n and_o their_o target_n on_o the_o left_a their_o inflectio_fw-la in_o hastam_fw-la aut_fw-la scutum_fw-la be_v our_o right_n or_o leave_v about_o jugare_o with_o they_o be_v to_o my_o sense_n though_o i_o know_v other_o think_v not_o so_o to_o double_a rank_n their_o intercalatio_n be_v our_o double_v of_o file_n reddere_fw-la in_o arrectum_fw-la be_v as_o you_o be_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o give_v you_o more_o since_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a word_n be_v the_o same_o with_o they_o and_o be_v obvious_a in_o most_o language_n yet_o here_o i_o shall_v take_v liberty_n to_o speak_v a_o little_a of_o both_o their_o and_o our_o counter-marche_n that_o hereafter_o i_o need_v not_o trouble_n either_o myself_o or_o my_o reader_n with_o that_o point_n of_o exercise_n for_o which_o i_o have_v so_o small_a a_o esteem_n they_o call_v a_o countermarch_v evolutio_fw-la per_fw-la versum_fw-la and_o they_o have_v three_o kind_n of_o it_o which_o be_v yet_o retain_v in_o our_o modern_a exercise_n and_o these_o be_v the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o the_o persian_a which_o be_v also_o call_v the_o choraean_a the_o macedonian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n be_v command_v to_o take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o the_o van_n as_o it_o possess_v before_o ere_o he_o who_o be_v leader_n face_v countermarch_v macedonian_a countermarch_v to_o the_o rear_n it_o be_v do_v thus_o he_o who_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n march_v through_o or_o between_o two_o file_n to_o the_o van_n and_o then_o without_o a_o alt_z so_o many_o foot_n beyond_o the_o file-leader_n as_o the_o body_n at_o their_o due_a distance_n possess_v all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v in_o the_o file_n before_o he_o follow_v he_o in_o order_n as_o they_o stand_v till_o
principes_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o assistance_n but_o by_o this_o argument_n they_o need_v not_o have_v be_v so_o many_o as_o six_o hundred_o because_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o assistance_n and_o by_o this_o reason_n the_o principes_fw-la shall_v have_v be_v but_o six_o hundred_o because_o the_o hastati_fw-la come_v back_o to_o their_o help_n before_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o fight_v but_o his_o second_o reason_n speak_v why_o and_o why_o better_a sense_n which_o be_v that_o the_o consul_n who_o ordinary_o stand_v near_o the_o triarii_n come_v with_o the_o evocati_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o extraordinarii_fw-la of_o the_o socii_fw-la or_o ally_n and_o join_v with_o the_o triarii_n what_o these_o extraordinarii_fw-la be_v shall_v be_v tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o what_o the_o evocati_fw-la be_v i_o shall_v tell_v you_o just_a now_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v lipsius_n the_o evocati_fw-la be_v only_o of_o the_o roman_a nation_n but_o what_o evocati_fw-la what_o i_o think_v i_o be_o oblige_v rather_o to_o believe_v caesar_n who_o say_v he_o have_v his_o evocate_n out_o of_o gaul_n and_o at_o that_o time_n of_o his_o civil_a war_n the_o gaul_n be_v either_o enemy_n or_o auxiliary_n at_o best_a those_o of_o the_o evocate_n who_o be_v roman_n be_v such_o as_o have_v serve_v out_o their_o time_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o their_o militia_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o follow_v the_o war_n yet_o upon_o the_o entreaty_n or_o letter_n of_o the_o consul_n proconsul_n or_o general_n come_v without_o constraint_n to_o wait_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o in_o that_o expedition_n some_o of_o they_o sery_v on_o horse_n some_o on_o foot_n and_o be_v put_v in_o troop_n and_o company_n and_o have_v their_o officer_n and_o pay_v but_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o manner_n of_o military_a duty_n except_o fight_v and_o attend_v on_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o go_v with_o scipio_n to_o africa_n three_o thousand_o of_o they_o go_v to_o macedon_n with_o titus_n flaminius_n two_o thousand_o go_v with_o pompey_n against_o caesar_n and_o augustus_n in_o one_o expedition_n have_v ten_o thousand_o of_o they_o beside_o these_o evocati_fw-la there_o be_v volunteer_n volunteer_n roman_n volunteer_n who_o have_v serve_v out_o their_o time_n be_v not_o ordinary_a soldier_n and_o not_o be_v call_v out_o by_o the_o consul_n be_v not_o proper_o evocati_fw-la neither_o have_v they_o any_o pay_n but_o go_v to_o the_o war_n mere_o of_o their_o own_o motion_n and_o freewill_n either_o to_o do_v their_o country_n service_n or_o to_o acquire_v riches_n or_o honour_n to_o themselves_o and_o family_n or_o for_o all_o these_o three_o respect_n together_o now_o there_o be_v beside_o all_o these_o foot_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v some_o of_o what_o proletarâ—i_n what_o the_o poor_a sort_n call_v proletarii_n and_o capite_fw-la censi_fw-la that_o be_v not_o admit_v by_o servius_n tullius_n king_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v enroll_v for_o the_o war_n but_o be_v leave_v to_o serve_v at_o sea_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v esteem_v dishonourable_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o land_n service_n yet_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o take_v arm_n which_o be_v give_v they_o out_o of_o the_o public_a magazine_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o come_v to_o be_v enroll_v in_o legion_n particular_o with_o marius_n against_o the_o tâ—utâ—nâ—s_n and_o the_o cimbrian_o livius_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n write_v of_o that_o war_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v with_o accensi_fw-la rorarii_fw-la and_o accensi_fw-la the_o latin_n mention_n rorarii_fw-la and_z accensi_fw-la in_o two_o several_a body_n and_o he_o place_v they_o behind_o the_o triarii_n they_o be_v call_v from_o the_o rear_n according_a as_o the_o consul_n or_o general_n have_v use_v for_o they_o they_o be_v the_o light_a arm_a foot_n and_o have_v those_o name_n till_o the_o roman_n besiege_v capua_n in_o hannibal_n time_n then_o and_o there_o it_o seem_v they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o velite_n and_o that_o they_o keep_v they_o be_v call_v accensi_fw-la because_o they_o be_v the_o mean_a in_o the_o cense_v and_o rorarii_fw-la à _fw-la roar_n from_o dew_n because_o in_o skirmish_v they_o scatter_v themselves_o as_o dew_n do_v on_o grass_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o of_o they_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o a_o roman_a legion_n each_o of_o these_o three_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n be_v divide_v into_o century_n two_o century_n make_v a_o maniple_n three_o maniple_n make_v a_o cohort_n and_o ten_o cohort_n make_v up_o a_o legion_n a_o roman_a legion_n be_v of_o great_a or_o lesser_a legion_n legion_n number_n according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n senate_n people_n or_o emperor_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o sovereignty_n or_o as_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o affair_n seem_v to_o require_v romulus_n ordain_v it_o to_o consist_v of_o three_o thousand_o man_n one_o thousand_o of_o each_o tribe_n whereof_o there_o be_v but_o three_o in_o his_o time_n though_o afterward_o they_o come_v to_o be_v thirty_o five_o whether_o the_o king_n who_o succeed_v romulus_n keep_v the_o legion_n at_o three_o thousand_o foot_n i_o know_v not_o but_o after_o monarchy_n be_v banish_v the_o city_n legion_n come_v to_o be_v four_o thousand_o strong_a sometime_o five_o thousand_o and_o twice_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o six_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o let_v we_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o first_o of_o a_o century_n centurion_n a_o centuriate_a and_o centurion_n at_o the_o first_o constitution_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o a_o centuriate_a consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o man_n and_o its_o commander_n be_v call_v centurion_n both_o the_o word_n be_v derive_v from_o centum_fw-la a_o hundred_o but_o thereafter_o that_o band_n of_o man_n call_v a_o centuriate_a in_o legion_n of_o four_o thousand_o or_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o which_o be_v most_o ordinary_a come_v to_o consist_v but_o of_o sixty_o man_n in_o the_o two_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la and_o but_o of_o thirty_o in_o the_o three_o class_n of_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o class_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la there_o be_v twenty_o centuriates_n at_o sixty_o man_n each_o of_o they_o and_o those_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o just_o as_o many_o centuriates_n and_o of_o that_o same_o number_n for_o the_o principes_fw-la make_v twelve_o hundred_o more_o in_o the_o class_n of_o the_o triarii_n there_o be_v likewise_o twenty_o centuriates_n but_o each_o of_o these_o consist_v but_o of_o thirty_o man_n which_o make_v six_o hundred_o in_o all_o three_o thousand_o heavy_a arm_v the_o other_o thousand_o or_o twelve_o hundred_o be_v velite_n but_o though_o each_o of_o those_o band_n be_v but_o sixty_o or_o thirty_o strong_a yet_o they_o and_o their_o principal_a commander_n keep_v their_o ancient_a denomâ—nations_n of_o centuriate_a and_o centurion_n there_o be_v sixty_o centuriates_n in_o a_o legion_n though_o vegetius_n speak_v of_o but_o fifty_o five_o which_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v examine_v the_o centurion_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o tribune_n as_o i_o former_o tell_v you_o and_o he_o have_v liberty_n to_o choose_v his_o own_o sub-centurion_n sub-centurion_n a_o sub-centurion_n who_o station_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o be_v indeed_o nothing_o but_o ouâ—_n bringer_n up_o polybius_n his_o interpreter_n call_v the_o centurion_n ordinum_fw-la dâ—ctores_fw-la leader_n of_o file_n or_o of_o centuriates_n if_o ordo_fw-la be_v take_v for_o a_o centuriate_a as_o perhaps_o it_o be_v the_o sub-centurion_n he_o call_v agminis_fw-la coactorem_fw-la and_o that_o be_v direct_o our_o rear-man_n this_o will_v not_o make_v a_o centurion_n and_o sub-centurion_n to_o be_v our_o captain_n and_o lieutenant_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v and_o if_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o roman_a centurion_n command_v but_o sixty_o some_o of_o they_o but_o thirty_o man_n and_o be_v himself_o not_o otherwise_o arm_v than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o centuriate_a only_o distinguish_v by_o his_o crest_n and_o that_o he_o stand_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n with_o the_o rest_n either_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o front_n of_o the_o maniple_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v think_v with_o i_o that_o the_o roman_a centurion_n for_o the_o matter_n of_o either_o power_n or_o honour_n be_v no_o other_o than_o our_o corporal_n corporal_n centurion_n our_o corporal_n and_o their_o sub-centurion_n such_o as_o lancespesat_n especial_o where_o foot_n company_n be_v as_o in_o our_o own_o time_n they_o be_v in_o several_a place_n of_o europe_n three_o hundred_o strong_a and_o consequent_o every_o corporalship_n sixty_o man_n the_o centurion_n badge_n be_v a_o
have_v observe_v in_o most_o tactic_n lieutenant_n colonel_n elton_n be_v very_o clear_a in_o his_o definition_n of_o a_o distance_n which_o though_o i_o tell_v you_o of_o it_o before_o i_o shall_v again_o give_v you_o distance_n say_v he_o be_v a_o place_n or_o interval_n of_o ground_n between_o every_o rank_n and_o rank_n and_o every_o file_n and_o file_n as_o they_o stand_v by_o this_o description_n then_o three_o foot_n of_o distance_n be_v allow_v between_o every_o file_n and_o file_n there_o be_v in_o seventeen_o file_n sixteen_o distance_n or_o interval_n which_o make_v but_o forty_o and_o eight_o foot_n than_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v seventeen_o foot_n to_o the_o combatant_n that_o be_v one_o foot_n for_o every_o man_n to_o stand_v on_o seventeen_o be_v add_v to_o forty_o eight_o make_v sixty_o five_o and_o so_o many_o foot_n of_o ground_n do_v a_o company_n possess_v in_o front_n if_o it_o consist_v of_o seventeen_o file_n for_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o rank_n you_o be_v to_o compute_v it_o thus_o six_o rank_n take_v six_o foot_n to_o stand_v on_o and_o thirty_o foot_n for_o five_o interval_n six_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o open_a order_n in_o all_o six_o and_o thirty_o foot_n which_o a_o rank_n distance_n of_o rank_n company_n regiment_n brigade_n or_o army_n of_o foot_n constant_o possess_v from_o the_o toe_n of_o the_o leader_n to_o the_o heel_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o unless_o you_o bring_v the_o rank_n to_o stand_v at_o order_n which_o you_o may_v frequent_o do_v with_o very_o good_a reason_n and_o then_o the_o five_o interval_n take_v up_o but_o fifteen_o foot_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o six_o foot_n on_o which_o the_o rank_n stand_v make_v but_o twenty_o one_o foot_n and_o when_o pike_n be_v to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n you_o may_v bring_v they_o to_o close_a order_n that_o be_v one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o then_o the_o five_o interval_n take_v up_o but_o 7½_n foot_n these_o be_v add_v to_o six_o make_v 13½_n foot_n observe_v that_o in_o exercise_v this_o company_n of_o seventeen_o file_n you_o be_v to_o set_v aside_o one_o of_o the_o file_n because_o it_o be_v odd_a and_o so_o colour_n the_o colour_n will_v hinder_v the_o double_n the_o file_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o company_n be_v to_o be_v on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o pike_n neither_o can_v they_o convenient_o be_v between_o the_o second_o and_o three_o rank_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v for_o you_o may_v easy_o consider_v what_o room_n a_o ensign_n can_v have_v with_o his_o colour_n between_o rank_n when_o they_o be_v at_o order_n much_o less_o at_o close_a order_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n it_o will_v be_v fit_v before_o i_o go_v further_o to_o meet_v with_o a_o objection_n concern_v file_n objection_n against_o my_o distance_n of_o file_n distance_n it_o be_v this_o the_o three_o foot_n of_o distance_n allow_v between_o file_n say_v they_o must_v be_v reckon_v from_o the_o centre_n that_o be_v from_o the_o two_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o two_o file-leader_n as_o from_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n file-leader_n to_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o file-leader_n who_o stand_v on_o his_o left_a hand_n i_o wonder_v at_o this_o notion_n for_o hereby_o two_o file-leader_n take_v up_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n and_o so_o do_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n and_o there_o be_v but_o two_o foot_n of_o interval_n between_o the_o two_o file_n and_o this_o can_v at_o all_o quadrate_n with_o the_o definition_n of_o distance_n for_o that_o be_v a_o interval_n between_o file_n and_o not_o betwixt_o the_o two_o middle_a part_n of_o two_o man_n body_n and_o the_o author_n of_o tactic_n shall_v have_v be_v clear_a in_o their_o expression_n and_o have_v say_v two_o foot_n between_o file_n which_o they_o know_v be_v too_o answer_v answer_v little_a and_o have_v add_v that_o every_o file_n shall_v have_v one_o foot_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o for_o what_o language_n be_v this_o a_o man_n shall_v have_v half_a a_o foot_n for_o his_o right_a middle_a part_n and_o another_o half_a foot_n for_o his_o left_a middle_a part_n for_o this_o way_n of_o their_o reckon_n of_o the_o three_o foot_n of_o distance_n amount_v to_o just_a so_o much_o and_o no_o better_a language_n which_o i_o conceive_v be_v very_o improper_a beside_o by_o this_o account_n the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n file_n will_v have_v each_o of_o they_o one_o half_a foot_n of_o ground_n more_o than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n the_o right_a hand_n filemen_n have_v it_o by_o the_o right_n middle_a part_n of_o their_o body_n and_o the_o left_a hand_n filemen_n by_o the_o left_a middle_a part_n of_o their_o body_n because_o these_o two_o file_n on_o these_o two_o hand_n have_v no_o sideman_n which_o you_o may_v easy_o conceive_v if_o you_o please_v a_o little_a to_o consider_v it_o let_v we_o in_o the_o next_o place_n see_v what_o officer_n be_v appoint_v to_o have_v the_o command_n company_n of_o officer_n of_o a_o company_n and_o inspection_n of_o this_o company_n and_o here_o we_o may_v find_v some_o difference_n in_o the_o several_a establishment_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n yet_o in_o this_o we_o find_v all_o agree_v to_o have_v a_o captain_n a_o lieutenant_n a_o ensign_n sergeant_n corporal_n and_o drummer_n except_o the_o spaniard_n who_o reject_v the_o lieutenant_n as_o useless_a some_o allow_v no_o more_o officer_n than_o those_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o some_o allow_v more_o to_o wit_n a_o captain_n of_o army_n a_o furer_n a_o fourier_n and_o a_o clerk_n or_o scrivener_n and_o beside_o some_o allow_v lancepesat_n or_o lancpresad_n as_o they_o be_v common_o call_v as_o also_o reformado_n and_o gentleman_n of_o a_o company_n but_o neither_o lancepesat_n gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n nor_o reformado_n be_v officer_n and_o though_o corporal_n be_v yet_o they_o carry_v arm_n and_o march_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n i_o shall_v describe_v all_o these_o and_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o a_o foot_n company_n begin_v with_o the_o reformado_n and_o end_v with_o the_o captain_n those_o be_v call_v reformado_n or_o reform_v who_o have_v be_v officer_n suppose_v officer_n reform_a officer_n commissionated_a and_o those_o only_a and_o be_v out_o of_o charge_n and_o bear_v arm_n till_o they_o can_v be_v prefer_v in_o some_o place_n they_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v without_o arms._n a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n be_v he_o who_o be_v something_o more_o than_o a_o ordinary_a company_n gentleman_n of_o a_o company_n soldier_n have_v a_o little_a more_o pay_n and_o do_v not_o stand_v centinel_n in_o french_a he_o be_v call_v appoint_v and_o with_o the_o german_n he_o be_v call_v gefreuter_n they_o march_v and_o watch_v with_o arm_n they_o go_v common_a round_n and_o patrovill_n and_o near_o a_o enemy_n they_o be_v to_o be_v the_o forlorn_a sentinel_n who_o the_o french_a call_n perdus_fw-fr lancespesate_fw-it be_v a_o word_n derive_v from_o the_o italian_a lance_n spesata_fw-la which_o signify_v a_o break_a or_o spend_v lance._n he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o no_o ancient_a stand_n in_o the_o militia_n for_o he_o draw_v his_o pedigree_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n between_o francis_n the_o first_o and_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n on_o the_o one_o part_n and_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o his_o brother-in-law_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n on_o the_o other_o part_n in_o those_o war_n when_o a_o gentleman_n of_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n in_o any_o skirmish_n battle_n or_o rencounter_n have_v break_v his_o lance_n on_o his_o enemy_n and_o lose_v his_o horse_n in_o the_o scuffle_n he_o be_v entertain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o broken-lance_n by_o a_o captain_n of_o a_o foot_n company_n as_o his_o comrade_n till_o he_o be_v again_o mount_v but_o as_o all_o good_a order_n fall_v soon_o from_o their_o primitive_a institution_n so_o in_o a_o short_a time_n our_o monsieur_n lancespesata_n for_o so_o he_o be_v call_v be_v force_v to_o descend_v from_o be_v lancespesata_fw-la lancespesata_fw-la the_o captain_n comrade_n and_o become_v the_o corporal_n companion_n and_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o charge_n and_o therefore_o be_v sometime_o call_v by_o the_o french_a aid_v caporal_a but_o when_o the_o caporal_n grow_v weary_a of_o the_o comradeship_n of_o his_o lancespesata_n he_o make_v he_o officiate_v under_o he_o and_o for_o that_o have_v some_o allowance_n of_o pay_n more_o than_o the_o common_a soldier_n which_o he_o enjoy_v in_o those_o place_n where_o he_o be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o still_o keep_v the_o noble_a title_n of_o lancespesata_n though_o perhaps_o he_o be_v never_o on_o horseback_n in_o his_o life_n corrupt_o
and_o thirteen_o rider_n as_o thus_o first_o one_o behind_z him_z three_z behind_o they_o five_o behind_o they_o seven_o then_o nine_o then_o eleven_o than_o thirteen_o and_o in_o the_o eight_o rank_a place_n fifteen_o from_o that_o rank_n your_o number_n decrease_v for_o next_o to_o fifteen_o you_o be_v to_o place_v thirteen_o behind_o they_o eleven_o than_o nine_o then_o seven_o then_o five_o then_z three_z and_o last_o one_o this_o be_v also_o a_o thessalian_a rhombus_fw-la of_o horse_n a_o figure_n whereof_o aelian_a bestow_v upon_o we_o this_o troop_n i_o conceive_v be_v at_o open_a order_n for_o it_o be_v very_o requisite_a it_o shall_v be_v so_o can_v upon_o a_o occasion_n front_v any_o way_n without_o wheel_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n by_o a_o half_a turn_n of_o their_o horse_n and_o to_o the_o rear_n by_o two_o half_a turn_n and_o immediate_o thereafter_o serr_v together_o either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n this_o figure_n of_o the_o rhombus_fw-la be_v call_v by_o some_o the_o diamond_n but_o if_o so_o the_o diamond_n which_o it_o resemble_v must_v be_v a_o four-cornered_a one_o observe_v here_o that_o aelian_o number_n of_o horse_n represent_v in_o his_o figure_n of_o the_o simple_a rhombus_fw-la amount_v but_o to_o forty_o nine_o and_o this_o i_o attribute_v to_o his_o neglect_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o it_o shall_v consist_v of_o sixty_o four_o the_o wedge_n battle_n which_o the_o latin_n call_v cuneus_n or_o rostrum_n be_v a_o body_n wedge_n the_o second_o be_v the_o wedge_n of_o man_n either_o on_o foot_n or_o horseback_n draw_v up_o with_o a_o sharp_a point_n and_o increase_n in_o its_o bigness_n till_o it_o come_v to_o that_o greatness_n which_o the_o maker_n of_o it_o design_v for_o it_o and_o so_o represent_v a_o wedge_n from_o which_o it_o have_v its_o denomination_n or_o it_o be_v like_o a_o dagger_n sharp_a at_o the_o point_n grow_v broad_a till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o haft_n i_o tell_v you_o that_o philip_n of_o macedon_n invent_v it_o choose_v a_o wedge_n to_o be_v the_o fit_a pattern_n whereby_o to_o model_n his_o macedonian_a troop_n by_o place_v his_o choice_a man_n and_o horse_n both_o for_o strength_n of_o body_n and_o courage_n of_o mind_n in_o the_o foremost_a rank_n the_o rest_n behind_o they_o serve_v to_o bear_v they_o forcible_o forward_a take_v the_o description_n of_o it_o thus_o first_o one_o than_o three_o than_o five_o then_o seven_o then_o nine_o then_o eleven_o than_o thirteen_o and_o last_o fifteen_o these_o add_v together_o make_v up_o aelian_n macedonian_a troop_n of_o sixty_o four_o horseman_n but_o in_o his_o description_n of_o it_o he_o oversee_v himself_o twice_o first_o in_o mistake_n a_o twofold_a mistake_n his_o word_n for_o he_o say_v the_o wedge_n be_v just_a the_o half_a of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o great_a rhombus_fw-la but_o that_o consist_v as_o i_o just_a now_o tell_v you_o of_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirteen_o and_o the_o wedge_n be_v of_o sixty_o four_o much_o more_o than_o the_o half_a of_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirteen_o next_o in_o his_o figure_n which_o present_v we_o only_o with_o thirty_o six_o horseman_n twenty_o eight_o few_o than_o king_n philip_n troop_n but_o if_o you_o will_v take_v a_o wedge_n out_o of_o the_o rhombus_fw-la you_o may_v do_v it_o easy_o by_o cause_v that_o rank_n wherein_o be_v fifteen_o horseman_n with_o all_o the_o rank_n that_o be_v before_o it_o to_o stand_v and_o all_o that_o be_v behind_o it_o to_o remove_v and_o then_o you_o have_v a_o perfect_a macedonian_a wedge_n troop_n consist_v of_o sixty_o four_o rider_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o embattel_v in_o form_n of_o a_o wedge_n be_v not_o appropriate_v foot_n wedge_n battle_n of_o foot_n only_o to_o the_o cavalry_n the_o infantry_n both_o of_o grecian_n and_o roman_n and_o several_a other_o nation_n use_v it_o in_o many_o occasion_n epaminondas_n that_o famous_a theban_a at_o the_o battle_n of_o mantinaea_n see_v the_o lacedaemonian_n stand_v stout_o to_o it_o after_o he_o have_v rout_v their_o confederate_n the_o athenian_n choose_v out_o a_o parcel_n of_o his_o gallant_a foot_n cast_v they_o in_o a_o wedge_n and_o break_v so_o forcible_o in_o upon_o their_o batallion_n that_o he_o pierce_v it_o and_o after_o brave_a resistance_n force_v they_o to_o quit_v the_o field_n but_o this_o prove_v his_o last_o action_n for_o in_o it_o he_o receive_v so_o many_o mortal_a wound_n that_o he_o die_v of_o they_o before_o the_o next_o day_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o wedge_n battle_n in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n neither_o it_o nor_o the_o rhombus_fw-la have_v be_v hear_v of_o in_o the_o world_n in_o many_o age_n since_o those_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o great_a alexander_n permit_v his_o thessalian_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o rhombus_fw-la at_o arbela_n because_o almost_o half_a of_o their_o great_a rhombus_fw-la might_n face_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o prevent_v surround_v by_o darius_n his_o numerous_a force_n it_o be_v also_o like_a that_o his_o macedonian_a horse_n may_v have_v keep_v the_o form_n of_o a_o wedge_n both_o at_o issus_n and_o arbela_n and_o i_o find_v that_o his_o great_a captain_n who_o after_o his_o death_n share_v his_o vast_a conquest_n among_o themselves_o use_v it_o frequent_o but_o i_o believe_v likewise_o that_o both_o he_o and_o they_o and_o other_o grecian_n and_o asian_o too_o make_v use_v of_o the_o square_a battle_n the_o square_a form_n of_o embattel_v be_v most_o common_o use_v by_o the_o grecian_n square_n the_o three_o be_v the_o square_n in_o marshal_v their_o infantry_n and_o most_o of_o they_o use_v it_o in_o order_v their_o cavalry_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o a_o equilateral_a square_n but_o a_o oblong_a one_o such_o as_o we_o use_v in_o our_o modern_a war_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o the_o ancient_n several_a time_n use_v equilateral_a square_a form_n of_o their_o batallion_n as_o when_o they_o make_v their_o rank_n and_o file_n consist_v of_o equal_a number_n of_o man_n and_o this_o we_o call_v a_o battle_n square_n of_o man_n or_o sometime_o square_a of_o ground_n when_o the_o front_n be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n of_o ground_n than_o the_o flank_n but_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o discourse_v of_o the_o square_a root_n not_o only_o many_o of_o the_o grecian_n but_o the_o persian_n and_o sicilian_n use_v the_o square_a horse_n battle_n and_o many_o great_a two_o prefer_v to_o the_o other_o two_o captain_n prefer_v it_o to_o both_o the_o rhombus_fw-la and_o the_o wedge_n first_o because_o by_o it_o the_o troop_n can_v march_v with_o more_o celerity_n and_o convenience_n and_o next_o they_o can_v bring_v more_o hand_n to_o fight_v at_o one_o time_n as_o for_o example_n in_o a_o wedge_n troop_n of_o sixty_o four_o the_o first_o rank_n consist_v but_o of_o one_o the_o second_o of_o three_o the_o three_o of_o five_o and_o the_o four_o of_o seven_o in_o these_o four_o rank_n there_o be_v but_o sixteen_o rider_n oppose_v a_o square_n battle_v troop_n of_o sixty_o and_o marshal_v it_o in_o a_o oblong_a fifteen_o in_o rank_n and_o four_o in_o file_n you_o may_v see_v that_o the_o sixteen_o rider_n in_o the_o four_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o wedge_n must_v fight_v with_o all_o the_o sixty_o of_o the_o square_a troop_n this_o be_v a_o very_a great_a odds_o and_o as_o much_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o rhombus_fw-la but_o aelian_a do_v not_o at_o all_o tell_v we_o how_o deep_a the_o grecian_a square_a battle_n of_o horse_n be_v this_o be_v a_o great_a neglect_n for_o thereby_o we_o may_v have_v know_v how_o many_o of_o file_n aelian_a speakâ—_n nothing_o of_o the_o deepness_n of_o horse_n file_n the_o rank_n can_v have_v reach_v a_o enemy_n with_o their_o lance_n and_o whether_o the_o rest_n behind_o serve_v only_o to_o bear_v forward_o those_o before_o as_o the_o ten_o last_o rank_n of_o pike_n do_v to_o the_o six_o foremost_a yet_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v conjecture_v by_o some_o of_o his_o figure_n he_o seem_v to_o insinuate_v that_o his_o countryman_n order_v their_o horse_n to_o be_v half_a as_o many_o in_o file_n as_o they_o be_v in_o rank_n his_o figure_n of_o that_o phalanx_n which_o he_o call_v quadrata_n of_o fifty_o horse_n have_v ten_o in_o rank_n and_o five_o in_o file_n this_o manner_n of_o battle_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o horse_n or_o foot_n be_v call_v by_o the_o square_a root_n man_n a_o double_v batallion_n of_o the_o fashion_n of_o which_o and_o how_o it_o be_v do_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n but_o i_o dare_v not_o believe_v that_o all_o grecian_a troop_n be_v marshal_v so_o neither_o indeed_o do_v aelian_a aver_v it_o i_o know_v not_o then_o why_o i_o may_v not_o imagine_v
other_o be_v fight_v the_o triarii_n rest_v themselves_o till_o the_o consul_n or_o general_n give_v rest_n triarii_fw-la rest_n they_o either_o a_o order_n or_o a_o sign_n to_o rise_v but_o in_o what_o posture_n they_o rest_v whether_o they_o kneel_v or_o sit_v or_o if_o they_o kneel_v whether_o they_o do_v it_o on_o one_o knee_n or_o both_o or_o if_o on_o one_o knee_n whether_o on_o the_o right_n or_o the_o left_a be_v not_o to_o i_o very_o clear_a vegetius_n in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n seem_v to_o say_v on_o question_n but_o how_o be_v a_o question_n both_o knee_n genibus_fw-la posuâ—s_fw-la be_v his_o word_n and_o indeed_o this_o be_v the_o easy_a way_n in_o the_o sixteenth_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o make_v they_o kneel_v but_o on_o one_o knee_n and_o this_o i_o believe_v be_v the_o true_a but_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n to_o my_o think_n he_o make_v they_o fit_a which_o i_o suppose_v can_v not_o be_v true_a at_o all_o for_o at_o that_o posture_n they_o can_v not_o with_o any_o conveniency_n make_v a_o penthouse_n of_o their_o shield_n which_o both_o he_o and_o polybius_n say_v and_o which_o reason_n teach_v they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v to_o save_v themselves_o from_o the_o enemy_n missile_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n the_o triarii_n do_v often_o recover_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n when_o it_o be_v well_o near_o lose_v when_o lucius_n furius_n be_v well_o beat_v by_o the_o volscian_n reserve_n ordinary_o the_o triarii_n keep_v for_o the_o last_o reserve_n at_o satricum_n livy_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o six_o book_n that_o furius_n â—amillus_fw-la advance_v seasonable_o with_o his_o triarii_n charge_v gallant_o and_o obtain_v the_o victory_n the_o latin_n after_o a_o obstinate_a fight_n at_o vâ—suvius_n have_v fair_a hope_n of_o victory_n when_o they_o have_v whole_o defeat_v the_o lest_o wing_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n and_o in_o it_o kill_v the_o consul_n decius_n and_o force_v both_o the_o hastate_n and_o principes_fw-la to_o give_v ground_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n but_o manlius_n with_o his_o triarii_n fall_v fresh_o upon_o they_o and_o recover_v the_o battle_n polybius_n in_o his_o second_o book_n say_v the_o triarii_n be_v not_o only_o keep_v for_o the_o last_o reserve_v on_o the_o land_n but_o at_o sea_n likewise_o in_o their_o naval_a battle_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o always_o leave_v for_o the_o last_o for_o at_o or_o near_o capua_n the_o consul_n petilius_n perceive_v by_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o samnite_n army_n that_o they_o intend_v to_o out-wing_n he_o a_o danger_n to_o which_o most_o of_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v obnoxious_a do_v not_o stay_v till_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la have_v fight_v but_o present_o call_v up_o both_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la to_o the_o van_n and_o of_o they_o make_v a_o large_a always_o but_o not_o always_o front_n by_o a_o furions_n charge_n of_o all_o his_o three_o body_n marshal_v in_o breast_n rout_v his_o enemy_n neither_o do_v i_o make_v any_o doubt_n but_o those_o six_o cohort_n which_o caesar_n call_v up_o to_o the_o front_n of_o his_o army_n at_o pharsalia_n be_v triarii_n for_o he_o say_v he_o call_v they_o ex_fw-la terâ—iâ—_n agmine_fw-la out_o of_o the_o three_o batallion_n he_o do_v it_o to_o assist_v his_o horse_n against_o pompey_n cavalry_n which_o far_o surpass_v his_o in_o number_n and_o to_o these_o cohort_n himself_o attribute_v the_o victory_n and_o if_o he_o have_v nor_o call_v they_o up_o before_o the_o fight_n begin_v but_o delay_v according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a custom_n till_o his_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la have_v retire_v perhaps_o he_o shall_v have_v make_v use_n of_o they_o too_o late_o but_o he_o foresee_v the_o danger_n of_o that_o well_o enough_o and_o prevent_v it_o since_o the_o hastati_fw-la when_o overpower_a be_v to_o retire_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o both_o of_o they_o when_o overmastered_a to_o the_o triarii_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o in_o each_o of_o these_o body_n there_o be_v distance_n and_o interval_n prepare_v wherein_o to_o receive_v one_o another_o whether_o by_o the_o retreat_n of_o the_o first_o to_o the_o second_o or_o of_o both_o first_o and_o second_o to_o the_o three_o or_o by_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o to_o the_o first_o that_o these_o interval_n be_v be_v grant_v by_o all_o but_o what_o measure_n or_o podisme_n of_o ground_n for_o any_o of_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o punctual_o set_v down_o by_o any_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v a_o inexcusable_a oversight_n tâ—_n but_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o they_o all_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o interval_n here_o i_o shall_v only_o take_v notice_n of_o two_o thing_n first_o that_o machiavelli_n err_v when_o he_o say_v in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o aâ—t_n of_o war_n that_o the_o machiavelli_n error_n of_o machiavelli_n hastati_fw-la have_v no_o interval_n but_o fight_v in_o one_o body_n spossi_a &_o fâ—rmi_fw-la thick_a and_o close_o for_o if_o so_o the_o principel_n can_v not_o advance_v to_o their_o assistance_n or_o yet_o convenient_o and_o feasible_o receive_v they_o when_o they_o retire_v within_o their_o interval_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v marshale_v in_o small_a body_n i_o suppose_v this_o fancy_n have_v its_o birth_n only_o in_o machiavel_n brain_n who_o head_n no_o doubt_n be_v full_a of_o more_o hurtful_a notion_n the_o second_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o acquâ—int_v you_o with_o in_o this_o place_n be_v that_o whatever_o distance_n be_v allow_v between_o the_o maniple_n or_o cohort_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la for_o receive_v the_o haâ—â—â—ti_n the_o double_a proportion_n of_o distance_n must_v have_v be_v give_v between_o the_o maniple_n or_o cohort_n of_o the_o triarii_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v to_o receive_v both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la polyâ—â—â—s_fw-la in_o his_o five_o book_n aver_v that_o though_o the_o number_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la may_v vary_v and_o be_v great_a or_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o strength_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o legion_n yet_o the_o number_n of_o the_o triarii_n never_o alter_v but_o they_o be_v constant_o six_o hundred_o now_o in_o his_o time_n the_o number_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la be_v twelve_o hâ—ndred_o and_o that_o of_o the_o hastati_fw-la as_o many_o achilleâ—_n terâ—â—â—zzi_n not_o advert_v to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o terduzzi_n a_o mistake_n of_o terduzzi_n distance_n conclude_v first_o that_o the_o two_o foremost_a batellion_n be_v marshal_v twelve_o deep_a which_o i_o will_v not_o grant_v he_o and_o next_o that_o the_o triarii_n be_v draw_v up_o but_o six_o deep_a which_o i_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o deny_v he_o though_o i_o have_v grant_v he_o the_o first_o his_o reason_n for_o the_o last_o assertion_n be_v that_o the_o triarii_n be_v but_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o other_o two_o batallion_n can_v not_o make_v a_o equal_a front_n with_o the_o other_o two_o unless_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o but_o half_a their_o depth_n but_o he_o do_v not_o take_v heed_n that_o if_o they_o have_v make_v a_o equal_a front_n of_o man_n with_o the_o other_o two_o they_o can_v not_o have_v receive_v both_o the_o other_o two_o in_o their_o interval_n but_o only_o one_o of_o they_o and_o then_o they_o have_v not_o do_v that_o for_o which_o purposely_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o three_o batallion_n and_o if_o he_o have_v advert_v that_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarii_n must_v have_v be_v double_a that_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o other_o two_o class_n that_o stand_v before_o they_o he_o will_v have_v marshal_v six_o hundred_o as_o deep_a as_o he_o do_v twelve_o hundred_o for_o the_o double_a distance_n between_o the_o several_a body_n of_o six_o hundred_o make_v six_o hundred_o of_o equal_a front_n of_o ground_n with_o the_o twelve_o hundred_o before_o they_o so_o you_o may_v easy_o consider_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o disparity_n of_o their_o number_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o several_a interval_n make_v the_o front_n equal_a as_o to_o the_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o three_o batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n the_o reason_n and_o the_o only_a reason_n why_o we_o must_v believe_v that_o the_o triarii_n legion_n triarii_n but_o 600_o in_o every_o legion_n be_v constant_o six_o hundred_o be_v because_o polybius_n say_v it_o be_v so_o but_o i_o shall_v suppose_v it_o be_v neither_o so_o before_o his_o time_n nor_o yet_o after_o his_o time_n nor_o do_v he_o offer_v to_o give_v any_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v so_o in_o his_o time_n lipsius_n who_o be_v very_o ready_a for_o such_o thing_n offer_v to_o give_v two_o reason_n for_o it_o the_o first_o whereof_o be_v stark_o naught_o and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o
place_n of_o the_o depth_n that_o every_o prince_n appoint_v for_o his_o foot_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o great_a gustavus_n adolphus_n for_o any_o thing_n i_o can_v ever_o learn_v foot-company_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a almost_o universal_o but_o he_o marshal_v deep_a ten_o deep_a all_o his_o infantry_n in_o six_o rank_n and_o after_o he_o have_v invade_v germany_n the_o emperor_n with_o most_o of_o the_o european_a king_n and_o prince_n keep_v their_o foot_n still_o at_o ten_o deep_a but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n which_o he_o begin_v all_o of_o they_o follow_v his_o way_n and_o make_v the_o file_n of_o their_o foot_n to_o consist_v of_o six_o man_n except_o the_o prince_n of_o deep_a six_o deep_a orange_n who_o still_o keep_v ten_o in_o file_n i_o shall_v except_v likewise_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n who_o in_o his_o instruction_n for_o the_o better_a discipline_n of_o his_o army_n order_v every_o deep_a eight_o deep_a captain_n of_o foot_n to_o draw_v up_o his_o company_n eight_o deep_a in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n where_o there_o be_v difference_n a_o man_n may_v tell_v his_o opinion_n without_o affectation_n of_o singularity_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o the_o more_o hand_n a_o captain_n can_v bring_v to_o fight_v the_o more_o shrewd_o deep_a reason_n for_o six_o deep_a he_o will_v put_v his_o enemy_n to_o it_o provide_v still_o his_o batallion_n be_v of_o that_o strength_n as_o to_o receive_v the_o shock_n of_o a_o resolute_a impression_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o worst_a that_o he_o have_v reserve_v to_o come_v to_o his_o rescue_n of_o reserve_v i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o now_o i_o be_o hopeful_a it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v i_o but_o that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_v by_o eight_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o ten_o and_o more_o by_o six_o man_n in_o a_o file_n than_o by_o eight_o take_v a_o second_o argument_n the_o more_o able_a you_o be_v to_o save_v yourself_o from_o be_v surround_v or_o out-winged_a by_o a_o enemy_n or_o the_o more_o able_a you_o make_v yourself_o to_o surround_v and_o out-wing_n that_o enemy_n of_o you_o the_o great_a advantage_n you_o have_v over_o he_o both_o these_o be_v do_v by_o a_o large_a front_n now_o it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o eight_o in_o file_n enlarge_v the_o front_n more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o and_o consequent_o eight_o deep_a contribute_v more_o than_o ten_o and_o six_o more_o than_o eight_o for_o gain_v the_o victory_n that_o more_o hand_n be_v bring_v to_o fight_n be_v very_o soon_o instance_a first_o by_o a_o body_n deep_a the_o great_a advantage_n 1500_o musqueteer_n six_o deep_a have_v of_o 1500_o musqueteer_n ten_o deep_a of_o musqueteer_n and_o next_o by_o a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o musqueteer_n marshal_v ten_o deep_a be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n of_o equal_a number_n that_o be_v fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a and_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o stout_a and_o experience_a and_o equal_o good_a firemen_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a must_v give_v fire_n by_o rank_n as_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a must_v likewise_o do_v now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a can_v make_v no_o more_o but_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o ten_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o but_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o in_o rank_n for_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o multiply_v by_o six_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o so_o that_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a at_o every_o volley_n pour_v one_o hundred_o leaden_a bullet_n more_o in_o the_o enemy_n bosom_n than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o consequent_o when_o six_o rank_n of_o both_o party_n have_v fire_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a have_v receive_v six_o hundred_o ball_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a which_o without_o all_o doubt_n have_v make_v a_o great_a many_o man_n fall_v more_o of_o the_o one_o side_n than_o the_o other_o next_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a take_v just_a as_o much_o ground_n up_o in_o front_n as_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a and_o therefore_o the_o other_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a may_v fall_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v either_o with_o pike_n or_o with_o horseman_n it_o be_v the_o like_a case_n mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la between_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a and_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a for_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a will_v make_v but_o a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o eight_o in_o rank_n for_o a_o hundred_o eighty_o eight_o multiply_v by_o eight_o produce_v fifteen_o hundred_o and_o four_o now_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a make_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o rank_n and_o so_o shoot_v at_o every_o volley_n sixty_o two_o bullet_n more_o than_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o eight_o deep_a make_v the_o like_a trial_n of_o two_o batallion_n of_o pike_n each_o of_o they_o fifteen_o hundred_o have_v the_o same_o advantage_n pikeman_n also_o have_v strong_a equal_o arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a and_o their_o pike_n of_o equal_a length_n the_o hundred_o file_n wherewith_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a outwing_n the_o fifteen_o hundred_o ten_o deep_a will_v likewise_o enter_v on_o their_o side_n and_o very_o soon_o ruin_v they_o if_o they_o be_v not_o flank_v by_o their_o friend_n and_o though_o they_o be_v yet_o these_o hundred_o file_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n six_o deep_a be_v otherwise_o idle_a may_v happy_o give_v their_o flank_n some_o work_n to_o do_v nor_o have_v the_o fifteen_o hundred_o pikeman_n ten_o deep_a any_o advantage_n of_o the_o fifteen_o hundred_o six_o deep_a in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o impression_n for_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o six_o rank_n of_o pikeman_n may_v either_o give_v or_o receive_v the_o charge_n abundant_o and_o therefore_o where_o pikeman_n be_v ten_o deep_a at_o their_o charge_n the_o last_o four_o rank_n shall_v keep_v their_o pike_n port_a because_o the_o present_v the_o point_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o useless_a neither_o be_v it_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a that_o make_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v use_n of_o his_o feather_n to_o defend_v his_o musqueteer_n against_o the_o polonian_a horse_n for_o these_o feather_n may_v serve_v a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o ten_o deep_a as_o well_o as_o a_o body_n of_o firemen_n draw_v up_o six_o deep_a neither_o indeed_o be_v it_o the_o deepness_n of_o a_o body_n of_o musqueteer_n that_o can_v resist_v a_o resolute_a charge_n of_o horse_n it_o must_v be_v pike_n halberd_n or_o these_o feather_n or_o something_o like_o they_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n that_o ten_o deep_a be_v think_v fit_a for_o foot_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o some_o fancy_n for_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o deep_a reason_n for_o ten_o deep_a place_n that_o vegetius_n who_o be_v look_v on_o by_o many_o as_o the_o oracle_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n do_v make_v the_o roman_a file_n to_o consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o this_o consideration_n that_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n have_v fire_v their_o gun_n they_o can_v not_o be_v ready_a to_o fire_n again_o till_o the_o other_o nine_o rank_n have_v all_o fire_v and_o withal_o a_o musket_n rest_n be_v take_v to_o help_v with_o so_o much_o wariness_n do_v our_o ancestor_n walk_v when_o first_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o new_a find_v engine_n of_o fire_n we_o read_v of_o a_o count_n of_o vaâ—dâ—mont_n who_o within_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n make_v use_v of_o two_o culverines_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o bar_n and_o by_o their_o help_n defeat_v his_o enemy_n but_o at_o every_o time_n the_o piece_n be_v discharge_v the_o count_n himself_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o fear_n but_o as_o great_a câ—sar_n say_v usus_fw-la est_fw-la rerum_fw-la magister_fw-la use_v and_o custom_n overmaster_v thing_n and_o therefore_o the_o cannon_n be_v not_o now_o so_o dreadful_a as_o it_o be_v nor_o be_v the_o musket_n so_o unmanageable_a as_o it_o be_v think_v daily_a experience_n let_v we_o see_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o six_o can_v fire_v make_v deep_a for_o fine_a deep_a ready_a and_o stay_v for_o the_o word_n of_o command_n before_o the_o other_o five_o
lancepresado_n the_o germane_a swede_n and_o danâ—s_n acknowledge_v reformado_n and_o gentleman_n of_o company_n but_o reject_v the_o poor_a lancespesat_n the_o hollander_n in_o his_o militia_n acknowledge_v all_o the_o three_o and_o so_o i_o believe_v do_v the_o french_a but_o to_o our_o establishment_n at_o home_n i_o believe_v they_o be_v all_o three_o stranger_n and_o so_o most_o of_o they_o be_v in_o other_o place_n company_n of_o hundred_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o corporalship_n two_o corporal_n be_v musqueteer_n and_o one_o be_v a_o pikeman_n his_o right_a title_n be_v caporal_a corporal_n a_o caporal_n or_o corporal_n a_o italian_a word_n derive_v from_o capâ—_n which_o signify_v a_o head_n this_o caporal_n be_v the_o head_n of_o his_o squadron_n and_o from_o the_o same_o word_n capo_n it_o will_v seem_v the_o service_n the_o way_n of_o a_o french_a caporal_n punish_v soldier_n by_o make_v they_o staâ—d_v long_a centinel_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o service_n captain_n of_o a_o company_n or_o of_o a_o army_n have_v his_o denomination_n a_o caporal_a aught_o to_o be_v a_o experience_a vigilant_a and_o a_o laborious_a soldier_n he_o have_v a_o absolute_a command_n of_o his_o squadron_n neither_o may_v any_o in_o it_o disobey_v he_o if_o any_o do_v the_o caporal_n may_v beat_v he_o with_o his_o sword_n and_o commit_v he_o to_o prison_n when_o a_o musquet-rest_n be_v in_o fashion_n he_o be_v permit_v to_o beat_v with_o it_o he_o be_v to_o warn_v all_o his_o squadron_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o according_a as_o he_o receive_v order_n to_o the_o watch_n or_o to_o be_v send_v on_o party_n or_o other_o duty_n upon_o the_o watch_n the_o corporal_n have_v get_v order_n from_o his_o superior_n appoint_v when_o where_o and_o how_o long_o each_o of_o his_o man_n be_v to_o stand_v centinel_n and_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o teach_v they_o how_o they_o duty_n his_o duty_n be_v to_o behave_v themselves_o when_o they_o be_v sentinel_n and_o be_v to_o visit_v they_o frequent_o but_o if_o he_o find_v any_o one_o of_o they_o asleep_o he_o must_v not_o leave_v he_o as_o he_o find_v he_o as_o a_o athenian_a captain_n do_v who_o kill_v a_o sleep_a centinel_n but_o he_o must_v bring_v he_o to_o the_o corpse_n de_fw-fr guard_n and_o there_o make_v he_o prisoner_n till_o further_a order_n the_o caporal_n be_v to_o receive_v the_o round_n at_o his_o court_n of_o guard_n and_o take_v the_o word_n from_o they_o but_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o in_o another_o place_n he_o be_v also_o oblige_v when_o he_o be_v not_o on_o the_o watch_n to_o teach_v all_o that_o belong_v to_o his_o squadron_n their_o posture_n and_o to_o handle_v their_o arms._n so_o you_o see_v this_o caporal_n of_o we_o have_v work_n enough_o to_o do_v for_o all_o the_o pay_n or_o wage_n he_o get_v in_o some_o place_n a_o piper_n be_v allow_v to_o each_o company_n the_o german_n have_v he_o piper_n a_o piper_n and_o i_o look_v upon_o their_o pipe_n as_o a_o warlike_a instrument_n the_o bagpipe_n be_v good_a enough_o music_n for_o they_o who_o love_v it_o but_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o almain_n whistle_n with_o we_o any_o captain_n may_v keep_v a_o piper_n in_o his_o company_n and_o maintain_v he_o too_o for_o no_o pay_n be_v allow_v he_o perhaps_o just_a as_o much_o as_o he_o deserve_v two_o drummer_n be_v universal_o allow_v in_o every_o company_n of_o one_o hundred_o drummer_n drummer_n man_n and_o more_o as_o also_o of_o the_o caporal_n according_a as_o the_o company_n be_v strong_a they_o ought_v to_o be_v skilful_a to_o beat_v a_o gather_v a_o march_n a_o alarm_n a_o charge_n retreat_n travaille_n or_o diana_n and_o the_o taptoo_o if_o they_o can_v do_v that_o well_o and_o carry_v a_o message_n witty_o to_o a_o enemy_n they_o may_v be_v permit_v to_o be_v droll_n for_o to_o be_v graduate_v doctor_n be_v a_o thing_n not_o at_o all_o require_v at_o their_o hand_n the_o officer_n of_o a_o company_n who_o march_v not_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n be_v divide_v into_o officer_n under_n officer_n commissionated_a and_o uncommissionated_a the_o captain_n lieutenant_z and_o ensign_n be_v call_v commissionated_a officer_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v uncommissionated_a these_o be_v the_o clerk_n the_o fouâ—ier_n the_o furer_n and_o captain_n of_o arm_n all_o these_o four_o where_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o be_v call_v under-officer_n and_o the_o last_o three_o of_o they_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o sergeant_n who_o be_v also_o a_o uncommissionated_a officer_n the_o clerk_n or_o scrivener_n be_v he_o who_o keep_v the_o roll_n of_o the_o company_n receive_v clerk_n clerk_n the_o pay_n and_o give_v it_o out_o according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o captain_n to_o who_o command_n he_o be_v only_o liable_a and_o to_o who_o only_o he_o be_v accountable_a and_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o the_o lieutenant_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v so_o much_o literature_n as_o to_o read_v and_o write_v fair_a and_o to_o have_v some_o skill_n in_o arithmetic_n this_o under_o officer_n be_v allow_v in_o all_o establishment_n a_o fourier_n be_v a_o french_a word_n use_v now_o in_o most_o language_n it_o be_v he_o who_o make_v fourier_n fourier_n quarter_n for_o the_o company_n in_o town_n and_o village_n by_o billet_n and_o in_o the_o field_n by_o a_o designation_n of_o a_o plot_n of_o ground_n appoint_v for_o the_o quarter_n of_o a_o company_n he_o be_v to_o wait_v upon_o the_o regiment_n quartermaster_n and_o what_o command_v he_o receive_v from_o he_o he_o be_v to_o communicate_v they_o first_o to_o his_o captain_n and_o then_o â—ut_v they_o in_o execution_n he_o be_v quartermaster_n of_o the_o company_n and_o shall_v have_v skill_n to_o give_v to_o every_o soldier_n the_o ground_n allow_v he_o for_o his_o hut_n and_o to_o give_v to_o all_o alike_o it_o be_v his_o duty_n to_o see_v all_o the_o hut_n build_v of_o one_o length_n and_o breadth_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o uniformity_n of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v also_o his_o duty_n to_o receive_v the_o company_n proviant_a by_o the_o regiment_n quarter-master_n direction_n whether_o it_o be_v at_o the_o quarter-master_n own_o lodging_n or_o hut_n or_o at_o that_o of_o the_o proviant-master_n general_n a_o fourier_n be_v allow_v with_o the_o french_a german_n dane_n and_o swede_n but_o neither_o with_o the_o hollander_n nor_o with_o we_o at_o hoâ—e_n a_o captain_n of_o arm_n be_v he_o who_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o arm_n that_o they_o be_v arms._n captain_n of_o arms._n fix_v and_o bright_a i_o think_v he_o shall_v be_v a_o gunsmith_n that_o he_o may_v make_v they_o fix_v and_o bright_a he_o be_v a_o member_n necessary_a enough_o though_o not_o allow_v in_o all_o establishment_n the_o furer_n be_v he_o who_o be_v allow_v to_o help_v the_o ensign_n to_o carry_v the_o colour_n for_o which_o he_o have_v pay_v the_o german_n call_v he_o gefreut_a caporal_n which_o be_v corporal_n furer_n furer_n of_o the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o company_n for_o with_o they_o they_o be_v proper_o under_o his_o command_n and_o both_o he_o the_o captain_n of_o arm_n and_o fourier_n do_v duty_n with_o halberd_n among_o the_o german_n dane_n and_o swede_n we_o have_v no_o furer_n with_o we_o a_o sergeant_n be_v a_o french_a word_n for_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o justice_n to_o sergeant_n a_o sergeant_n apprehend_v and_o imprison_v man_n for_o either_o criminal_a or_o civil_a matter_n be_v call_v sergeant_n yet_o this_o word_n be_v now_o become_v universal_a for_o that_o officer_n of_o the_o company_n who_o command_v next_o the_o ensign_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a he_o be_v call_v feltwebell_n but_o now_o the_o word_n serjeant_n have_v prevail_v over_o all_o when_o company_n be_v three_o hundred_o strong_a there_o be_v three_o sergeant_n in_o it_o now_o for_o most_o part_n all_o company_n have_v two_o it_o be_v a_o charge_n of_o very_a much_o fatigue_n for_o to_o he_o it_o belong_v duty_n his_o fatigue_n and_o duty_n to_o see_v all_o his_o captain_n command_v obey_v he_o give_v all_o the_o under-officer_n except_o the_o clerk_n their_o direction_n what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v almost_o in_o every_o particular_a and_o the_o like_a he_o do_v to_o the_o caporal_n he_o receive_v the_o watchword_n and_o all_o other_o order_n from_o the_o major_a of_o the_o regiment_n carry_v they_o to_o his_o captain_n receive_v he_o and_o deliver_v both_o to_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o ensign_n to_o his_o fellow_n sergeant_n to_o the_o caporal_n and_o when_o it_o be_v his_o turn_n watch_v with_o his_o halberd_n either_o on_o a_o post_n alone_o or_o under_o a_o commissionated_a officer_n yet_o for_o all_o this_o his_o place_n in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o think_v creditable_a but_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o dishonourable_a
captain_n unless_o he_o have_v a_o company_n himself_o the_o swede_n of_o a_o long_a time_n allow_v he_o no_o company_n yet_o allow_v he_o the_o command_n over_o captain_n but_o it_o be_v now_o many_o year_n ago_o since_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o have_v company_n hence_o perhaps_o it_o be_v that_o when_o they_o have_v no_o company_n they_o may_v be_v call_v serjeant-major_n as_o when_o they_o have_v company_n the_o german_n call_v they_o captain-major_n but_o the_o english_a use_n frequent_o the_o word_n of_o sergeant_n major_n and_o serjeant-major_a general_n none_o of_o they_o be_v use_v either_o by_o german_a swede_n or_o dane_n a_o lieutenant-colonel_n be_v that_o in_o a_o regiment_n that_o a_o lieutenant_n be_v in_o a_o company_n lieutenant-colonel_n lieutenant-colonel_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o colonel_n be_v present_a the_o lieutenant-colonel_n have_v no_o command_n and_o since_o in_o the_o colonel_n absence_n the_o other_o command_v the_o regiment_n i_o think_v he_o shall_v be_v endue_v with_o all_o those_o qualification_n that_o be_v require_v to_o be_v in_o a_o colonel_n and_o what_o these_o be_v i_o shall_v tell_v you_o as_o other_o have_v tell_v i_o with_o my_o own_o sense_n of_o they_o a_o colonel_n say_v some_o shall_v be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o great_a experience_n in_o military_a colonel_n colonel_n affair_n bold_a and_o resolute_a courteous_a affable_a liberal_a judicious_a and_o religious_a but_o such_o description_n of_o military_a officer_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o those_o philosopher_n who_o teach_v man_n to_o conform_v their_o life_n and_o action_n to_o the_o strict_a and_o severe_a rule_n of_o moral_a virtue_n for_o my_o part_n i_o will_v not_o only_o have_v a_o colonel_n to_o be_v pious_a and_o religious_a but_o his_o whole_a regiment_n likewise_o but_o because_o this_o may_v rather_o be_v wish_v than_o expect_v i_o say_v if_o he_o be_v not_o exemplary_o pious_a he_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v a_o colonel_n good_a enough_o so_o he_o be_v not_o a_o profess_a atheist_n i_o will_v have_v a_o colonel_n to_o be_v affable_a and_o liberal_a but_o though_o qualification_n his_o qualification_n he_o be_v both_o churlish_a and_o parsimonious_a he_o may_v be_v a_o colonel_n good_a enough_o i_o will_v have_v a_o colonel_n to_o be_v experience_v in_o most_o of_o the_o point_n of_o war_n yet_o though_o he_o be_v not_o and_o have_v see_v but_o little_a if_o he_o be_v of_o a_o ready_a wit_n and_o good_a judgement_n he_o may_v be_v a_o colonel_n good_a enough_o for_o prince_n and_o state_n when_o they_o raise_v army_n think_v it_o fit_a to_o make_v choice_n of_o colonel_n who_o can_v levy_v regiment_n for_o which_o employment_n without_o question_n man_n of_o good_a birth_n and_o quality_n be_v most_o proper_a but_o courage_n a_o aptitude_n to_o learn_v and_o proneness_n to_o follow_v advice_n be_v quality_n very_o essential_a and_o requisite_a in_o all_o man_n of_o that_o charge_n it_o be_v little_a matter_n how_o avaritious_a a_o colonel_n be_v so_o he_o offer_v not_o to_o meddle_v with_o any_o part_n of_o the_o pay_n of_o his_o regiment_n except_o his_o own_o it_o be_v the_o less_o matter_n though_o he_o be_v ignorant_a in_o some_o point_n belong_v to_o his_o command_n so_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v advise_v by_o those_o of_o his_o officer_n who_o understand_v they_o but_o those_o who_o fancy_n that_o the_o title_n of_o colonel_n entail_v a_o right_a upon_o they_o to_o command_v what_o they_o please_v and_o to_o pay_v their_o regiment_n as_o they_o like_v and_o by_o their_o wilful_a ignorance_n confound_v matter_n of_o government_n and_o discipline_n and_o introduce_v and_o frame_v custom_n in_o their_o regiment_n which_o not_o other_o use_n shall_v be_v chase_v out_o of_o all_o army_n as_o presumptuous_a arrogant_a and_o impertinent_a if_o not_o worse_o have_v speak_v now_o sufficient_o of_o all_o the_o officer_n belong_v to_o a_o company_n and_o regiment_n of_o foot_n it_o will_v be_v time_n to_o put_v the_o several_a company_n in_o one_o body_n thereby_o to_o make_v a_o regiment_n but_o i_o will_v first_o tell_v the_o captain_n that_o after_o they_o have_v for_o some_o time_n exercise_v their_o company_n and_o thereby_o know_v the_o ability_n of_o their_o several_a soldier_n they_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o put_v they_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n according_a as_o they_o find_v they_o deserve_v the_o proper_a tall_a and_o strong_a man_n they_o shall_v arm_v with_o pike_n the_o rest_n with_o musket_n next_o to_o the_o corporal_n be_v the_o most_o deserve_v shall_v be_v file-leader_n the_o next_o place_n of_o dignity_n be_v the_o file_n to_o marshal_v a_o company_n in_o rank_n and_o file_n rear_n the_o three_o be_v the_o middle_n or_o four_o rank_n the_o four_o dignity_n be_v the_o second_o rank_n as_o be_v next_o the_o van_n the_o five_o place_n of_o dignity_n be_v the_o five_o rank_n as_o that_o which_o be_v next_o the_o rear_n the_o six_o and_o last_o place_n be_v the_o three_o rank_n all_o this_o be_v mean_v where_o all_o company_n and_o batallion_n of_o foot_n be_v marshal_v six_o deep_a next_o to_o this_o the_o captain_n shall_v have_v regard_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n file_n and_o have_v draw_v up_o his_o man_n as_o he_o think_v each_o of_o they_o deserve_v he_o be_v to_o command_v his_o clerk_n to_o write_v down_o the_o name_n of_o all_o that_o be_v in_o arm_n just_a as_o they_o stand_v in_o file_n and_o thereafter_o when_o he_o draw_v out_o his_o company_n let_v he_o constant_o put_v they_o in_o battle_n according_a to_o that_o roll_n this_o be_v do_v four_o or_o five_o day_n the_o soldier_n by_o custom_n know_v their_o place_n their_o leader_n and_o their_o sideman_n will_v be_v able_a without_o the_o help_n of_o their_o officer_n to_o marshal_v themselves_o when_o all_o the_o company_n be_v to_o be_v join_v in_o one_o body_n every_o captain_n shall_v cast_v his_o odd_a man_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a there_o can_v be_v above_o five_o odd_a man_n in_o one_o company_n that_o the_o major_n may_v make_v file_n and_o so_o join_v they_o to_o the_o regiment_n in_o such_o place_n as_o he_o think_v fit_v there_o be_v several_a way_n of_o draw_v up_o regiment_n of_o foot_n and_o they_o may_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a opinion_n of_o man_n and_o yet_o all_o of_o they_o may_v be_v good_a enough_o but_o a_o major_n shall_v not_o marshal_v the_o regiment_n according_a to_o his_o own_o fancy_n or_o yet_o that_o of_o his_o colonel_n but_o according_a to_o the_o know_a practice_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n in_o who_o service_n he_o be_v for_o uniformity_n be_v require_v in_o military_a service_n uniformity_n in_o marshal_n regiment_n in_o one_o prince_n his_o service_n custom_n as_o much_o or_o rather_o more_o than_o in_o other_o thing_n the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o of_o his_o general_n in_o matter_n which_o depend_v on_o their_o own_o judgement_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v debate_v or_o dispute_v i_o will_v not_o trouble_v my_o reader_n with_o the_o difference_n of_o opinion_n in_o marshal_v the_o several_a company_n according_a to_o the_o precedency_n of_o those_o to_o who_o they_o belong_v whether_o these_o be_v officer_n of_o the_o field_n or_o private_a captain_n when_o they_o be_v to_o be_v join_v in_o one_o body_n but_o shall_v lay_v down_o three_o ground_n wherein_o i_o suppose_v all_o our_o modern_a commander_n agree_v these_o be_v first_o that_o the_o regiment_n shall_v be_v marshal_v in_o a_o square_a front_n the_o wedg_n rhombus_fw-la and_o ring-battel_n not_o be_v now_o make_v use_n of_o except_o for_o show_v second_o that_o the_o pikeman_n make_v the_o body_n and_o the_o musqueteer_n the_o wing_n three_o that_o the_o colonel_n company_n ought_v to_o have_v constant_o the_o right_a hand_n whether_o the_o regiment_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o one_o two_o or_o three_o division_n when_o regiment_n be_v two_o or_o three_o thousand_o strong_a it_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o marshal_v they_o in_o three_o batallion_n or_o division_n and_o these_o be_v call_v the_o colonel_n the_o lieutenant-colonel_n and_o the_o major_n division_n but_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o a_o regiment_n consist_v only_o of_o one_o thousand_o and_o compose_v of_o ten_o company_n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o how_o i_o have_v see_v such_o a_o one_o marshal_v both_o in_o one_o and_o in_o two_o division_n the_o manner_n whereof_o please_v i_o better_o than_o any_o other_o that_o i_o have_v either_o see_v or_o read_v of_o leave_v notwithstanding_o every_o man_n free_a to_o his_o own_o choice_n for_o i_o offer_v not_o to_o impose_v the_o major_n of_o the_o regiment_n have_v either_o choose_v the_o ground_n himself_o or_o get_v it_o assign_v to_o he_o by_o the_o major-general_n if_o he_o be_v to_o draw_v up_o in_o one_o division_n division_n
the_o rest_n resent_v it_o as_o a_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o whole_a fraternity_n for_o which_o they_o will_v very_o ready_o make_v he_o march_v a_o whole_a week_n without_o a_o trumpeter_n to_o sound_v before_o he_o none_o may_v sound_v a_o trumpet_n before_o a_o troop_n but_o he_o who_o be_v master_n of_o their_o art_n and_o he_o must_v prove_v himself_o to_o be_v so_o by_o produce_v a_o certificate_n sign_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o master_n trumpeter_n with_o their_o seal_n annex_v to_o it_o and_o this_o in_o their_o language_n they_o call_v a_o lerbrief_n if_o any_o want_v this_o offer_v to_o sound_v before_o a_o company_n of_o horse_n the_o master_n may_v come_v and_o take_v he_o away_o with_o disgrace_n in_o spite_n of_o the_o ritmaster_n those_o who_o have_v not_o yet_o get_v lerbrief_n they_o call_v boy_n who_o must_v serve_v the_o master_n trumpeter_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o drudgery_n though_o they_o can_v sound_v all_o the_o point_n of_o war_n never_o so_o well_o they_o pretend_v to_o have_v get_v these_o privilege_n from_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o under_o his_o manual_a subscription_n and_o imperial_a seal_n ask_v they_o where_o this_o patent_n of_o they_o lie_v some_o of_o they_o will_v tell_v you_o at_o augsburg_n other_o say_v at_o strasburg_n and_o a_o three_o will_v say_v at_o nuremburg_n i_o have_v not_o see_v any_o of_o they_o punish_v by_o their_o officer_n and_o whatever_o discipline_n of_o their_o own_o they_o have_v i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v of_o any_o of_o their_o gross_a misdemeanour_n i_o know_v one_o colonel_n boy_n a_o ancient_a gentleman_n who_o for_o many_o year_n have_v command_v horse_n in_o who_o regiment_n no_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n be_v hear_v for_o none_o of_o they_o will_v serve_v under_o he_o because_o in_o his_o young_a year_n he_o have_v kill_v a_o trumpeter_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o it_o be_v well_o these_o pretend_a privilege_n of_o they_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n there_o be_v another_o martial_a instrument_n use_v with_o the_o cavalry_n which_o they_o call_v a_o kettledrum_n there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o which_o hang_v upon_o the_o horse_n before_o the_o kettledrum_n kettledrum_n drummer_n saddle_n on_o both_o which_o he_o beat_v they_o be_v not_o ordinary_a prince_n duke_n and_o earl_n may_v have_v they_o with_o those_o troop_n which_o ordinary_o be_v call_v their_o life-guard_n so_o may_v general_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n though_o they_o be_v not_o nobleman_n the_o german_n dane_n and_o sweede_n permit_v none_o to_o have_v they_o under_o a_o lord_n baron_fw-fr unless_o they_o have_v take_v they_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o in_o that_o case_n any_o ritmaster_n whatever_o extraction_n he_o be_v of_o may_v make_v they_o beat_v beside_o his_o trumpeter_n they_o be_v use_v also_o for_o state_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n when_o they_o go_v to_o meat_n and_o i_o have_v see_v they_o ordinary_o beat_v and_z trumpets_z sound_n at_o the_o court_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n when_o either_o of_o the_o two_o king_n go_v to_o dinner_n or_o supper_n dragoon_n be_v musketeer_n mount_v on_o horse_n appoint_v to_o march_v with_o the_o dragoon_n dragoon_n cavalry_n in_o regard_n there_o be_v not_o only_o many_o occasion_n wherein_o foot_n can_v assist_v the_o horse_n but_o that_o seldom_o there_o be_v any_o occasion_n of_o service_n against_o a_o enemy_n but_o wherein_o it_o be_v both_o fit_a and_o necessary_a to_o join_v some_o foot_n with_o the_o horse_n dragoon_n than_o go_v not_o only_o before_o to_o guard_n pass_v as_o some_o imagine_v but_o to_o fight_v in_o open_a field_n for_o if_o a_o enemy_n rencontre_v with_o a_o cavalry_n in_o a_o champaign_n or_o open_a heath_n the_o dragoon_n be_v oblige_v to_o alight_v and_o mix_v themselves_o with_o the_o squad_n of_o horse_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v command_v and_o their_o continuate_a fire_v before_o the_o horse_n come_v to_o the_o charge_n will_n no_o doubt_n be_v very_o hurtful_a to_o the_o enemy_n if_o the_o encounter_n be_v in_o a_o close_a country_n they_o serve_v well_o to_o line_n hedges_n and_o possess_v enclosure_n they_o serve_v for_o defend_v pass_n and_o bridge_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o advance_n or_o a_o retreat_n of_o a_o army_n and_o for_o foot_n serve_v on_o foot_n beat_v the_o enemy_n from_o they_o their_o service_n be_v on_o foot_n and_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o musketeer_n but_o because_o they_o be_v mount_v on_o horseback_n and_o ride_v with_o the_o horse_n either_o before_o in_o the_o van_n or_o behind_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o a_o army_n they_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o cavalry_n yet_o be_v part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n general_n lieutenant_z general_z or_o major_a general_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o not_o to_o those_o of_o the_o foot_n and_o be_v that_o sometime_o they_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v from_o a_o powerful_a and_o prevail_a enemy_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v teach_v to_o give_v fire_n on_o horseback_n that_o in_o a_o open_a field_n they_o may_v keep_v a_o enemy_n at_o a_o distance_n till_o they_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o close_a country_n a_o straight_a a_o pass_n a_o bridge_n a_o hedge_n or_o a_o ditch_n and_o then_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o alight_v and_o defend_v that_o advantage_n that_o thereby_o though_o perhaps_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o dragoon_n themselves_o the_o cavalry_n may_v be_v save_v when_o they_o alight_v they_o cast_v their_o bridle_n rain_v over_o the_o neck_n of_o their_o sideman_n horse_n and_o leave_v they_o in_o that_o same_o order_n as_o they_o march_v of_o ten_o dragoon_n nine_o fight_n and_o the_o ten_o man_n keep_v the_o ten_o horse_n for_o what_o they_o have_v get_v the_o denomination_n of_o dragoon_n denomination_n whence_o they_o have_v their_o denomination_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v tell_v but_o because_o in_o all_o language_n they_o be_v call_v so_o we_o may_v suppose_v they_o may_v borrow_v their_o name_n from_o dragon_n because_o a_o musketeer_n on_o horse_n back_o with_o his_o burn_a match_n ride_v at_o a_o gallop_n as_o many_o time_n he_o do_v may_v something_o resemble_v that_o beast_n which_o naturalist_n call_v a_o fiery_a dragon_n since_o then_o a_o dragoon_n when_o he_o alight_v and_o a_o musqueteer_n be_v all_o one_o i_o have_v musqueteer_n the_o several_a service_n of_o a_o musqueteer_n forbear_v hitherto_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a way_n how_o the_o rank_n of_o musqueteers_n fire_n have_v reserve_v it_o to_o this_o as_o a_o proper_a place_n take_v they_o then_o thus_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v upon_o one_o of_o your_o flank_n that_o hand_n file_n fire_n that_o be_v near_a off_o how_o he_o fire_v in_o the_o flank_n and_o fall_v off_o the_o danger_n and_o the_o next_o stand_v still_o to_o do_v the_o like_a that_o which_o have_v fire_v march_v through_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n till_o it_o be_v beyond_o the_o further_a file_n of_o that_o wing_n of_o musqueteer_n but_o if_o you_o be_v charge_v on_o both_o flank_n than_o your_o right_a and_o left-hand_a file_n fire_n both_o and_o immediate_o march_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o body_n room_n be_v make_v for_o they_o and_o in_o such_o piece_n of_o service_n as_o these_o officer_n must_v be_v attentive_a dexterous_a and_o ready_a to_o see_v all_o thing_n do_v orderly_o otherwise_o confusion_n first_o and_o immediate_o after_o a_o total_a rout_n will_v inevitable_o follow_v if_o your_o body_n be_v retire_v from_o a_o enemy_n who_o pursue_v you_o in_o the_o rear_n the_o two_o last_o rear_n how_o iâ—_n the_o rear_n rank_n stand_v whereof_o one_o have_v fire_v it_o divide_v itself_o into_o two_o the_o one_o half_a by_o the_o right_n the_o other_o half_o by_o the_o left-hand_a march_v up_o to_o the_o van_n make_v ready_a all_o the_o while_n this_o way_n be_v much_o practise_v especial_o in_o the_o low-countries_n but_o with_o submission_n to_o their_o better_a judgement_n i_o shall_v think_v it_o more_o easy_a for_o these_o rank_n that_o have_v fire_v to_o march_v every_o man_n of_o they_o up_o to_o their_o leader_n and_o then_o step_v before_o they_o through_o these_o interval_n of_o three_o foot_n that_o be_v between_o file_n and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o any_o trouble_n either_o to_o themselves_o or_o their_o neighbour_n if_o the_o service_n with_o the_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o van_n as_o most_o it_o be_v way_n musqueteer_n after_o fire_v fall_n off_o two_o several_a way_n rank_n may_v after_o they_o have_v fire_v fall_v off_o two_o several_a way_n first_o the_o rank_n which_o have_v fire_v divide_v itself_o into_o two_o and_o the_o half_a go_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o left_a
horse_n make_v the_o rearguard_n behind_o which_o at_o a_o mile_n distance_n follow_v a_o strong_a party_n of_o command_v horse_n the_o baggage_n may_v be_v in_o the_o van_n or_o the_o rear_n or_o body_n may_v be_v divide_v easy_o into_o several_a body_n if_o the_o general_n apprehend_v danger_n in_o they_o both_o it_o may_v march_v immediate_o after_o the_o train_n this_o great_a body_n may_v be_v very_o soon_o divide_v into_o either_o two_o or_o three_o several_a one_o and_o may_v march_v as_o many_o several_a way_n as_o the_o general_n please_v but_o true_o with_o submission_n to_o great_a commander_n i_o shall_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o baggage_n of_o a_o army_n shall_v never_o be_v divide_v unless_o the_o army_n itself_o divide_v if_o danger_n be_v in_o the_o van_n let_v it_o all_o stay_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v in_o the_o rear_n post_v away_o all_o the_o baggage_n to_o march_n the_o proper_a place_n of_o baggage_n in_o a_o march_n the_o van_fw-mi if_o in_o both_o necessity_n will_v force_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n but_o my_o humble_a opinion_n be_v that_o without_o apparent_a danger_n it_o shall_v constant_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n for_o the_o disadvantage_n be_v but_o small_a that_o the_o brigade_n or_o regiment_n of_o the_o van_n have_v and_o withal_o they_o have_v but_o their_o turn_n of_o it_o that_o they_o must_v wait_v very_o long_o at_o night_n till_o their_o baggage_n come_v from_o the_o rear_n it_o be_v but_o small_a i_o say_v if_o you_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o great_a prejudice_n the_o prince_n or_o state_n service_n suffer_v by_o have_v the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n which_o march_v in_o the_o rear_n benight_a be_v hinder_v by_o the_o baggage_n that_o be_v order_v to_o march_v before_o they_o two_o three_o sometime_o five_o hour_n whereas_o if_o that_o baggage_n have_v not_o be_v in_o their_o way_n they_o may_v have_v reach_v their_o quarter_n seasonable_o enough_o but_o there_o be_v a_o worse_a thing_n in_o it_o than_o that_o when_o upon_o the_o unexpected_a appearance_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o van_n the_o brigade_n that_o be_v in_o the_o rearguard_n be_v sudden_o call_v up_o they_o be_v not_o able_a â—â—_o advance_v for_o the_o unavoidable_a embarras_n of_o baggage_n that_o be_v before_o they_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o middle_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o infantry_n a_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o great_a gun_n and_o train_n and_o the_o general_n secretary_n and_o cabinet_n with_o his_o paper_n and_o for_o most_o of_o he_o and_o some_o of_o the_o other_o general_a officer_n coach_n especial_o if_o their_o lady_n be_v in_o they_o and_o there_o i_o think_v these_o shall_v constant_o march_v but_o my_o judgement_n be_v that_o all_o other_o baggage_n whatsoever_o belong_v to_o either_o horse_n or_o foot_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n according_a to_o that_o priority_n or_o precedency_n the_o regiment_n or_o brigade_n have_v themselves_o in_o the_o march_n and_o these_o shall_v change_v every_o day_n that_o who_o be_v in_o the_o van_n one_o day_n may_v be_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o next_o that_o all_o may_v participate_v equal_o of_o the_o ease_n or_o toil_n of_o a_o march_n be_v where_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_v shall_v be_v what_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o place_n where_o baggage_n shall_v march_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o of_o the_o sick_a and_o wound_a soldier_n who_o if_o they_o can_v be_v put_v in_o some_o secure_a or_o fortify_v place_n shall_v be_v bring_v forward_o though_o baggage-horse_n shall_v be_v borrow_v from_o the_o owner_n for_o that_o use_n and_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n shall_v be_v send_v as_o far_o from_o it_o as_o may_v be_v with_o a_o good_a guard_n or_o convoy_n when_o ground_n will_v permit_v the_o brigade_n of_o a_o army_n whether_o horse_n or_o foot_n to_o march_v in_o one_o breast_n or_o front_n there_o be_v a_o question_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n shall_v be_v keep_v between_o these_o brigade_n there_o be_v some_o who_o theoretical_o argue_v that_o the_o distance_n between_o two_o brigade_n both_o march_v in_o breast_n but_o the_o one_o behind_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v of_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o a_o brigade_n draw_v fight_v distance_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v up_o in_o front_n do_v possess_v because_o say_v they_o when_o one_o brigade_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o a_o large_a field_n where_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v to_o be_v marshal_v the_o second_o brigade_n which_o follow_v can_v draw_v up_o in_o full_a breast_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o unless_o there_o be_v such_o a_o interval_n between_o they_o on_o their_o march_n as_o that_o i_o just_a now_o tell_v you_o of_o nor_o can_v the_o three_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o second_o unless_o it_o have_v that_o same_o distance_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v when_o a_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o battel-order_n that_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v between_o brigades_n whereof_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n and_o so_o the_o second_o will_v have_v the_o less_o difficulty_n to_o marshal_v itself_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o but_o that_o can_v make_v i_o allow_v so_o much_o ground_n between_o brigade_n on_o a_o march_n as_o i_o willing_o do_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v to_o the_o reason_n produce_v against_o it_o i_o say_v to_o think_v that_o a_o brigade_n all_o in_o one_o breast_n and_o march_v direct_o behind_o another_o though_o at_o never_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n can_v draw_v up_o in_o breast_n on_o the_o left_a examine_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n examine_v hand_n of_o another_o without_o some_o turn_n or_o wheel_v be_v a_o mere_a speculation_n and_o i_o say_v more_o let_v a_o brigade_n march_v in_o three_o squad_n at_o as_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o you_o will_v the_o second_o shall_v not_o draw_v up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o first_o without_o some_o wheel_a and_o if_o a_o small_a body_n can_v do_v it_o much_o less_o can_v a_o great_a and_o practice_n will_v show_v the_o vanity_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n to_o any_o who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v it_o and_o observe_v it_o in_o the_o march_n of_o brigade_n in_o the_o field_n as_o i_o have_v do_v often_o than_o once_o this_o opinion_n than_o vanish_v unless_o they_o who_o follow_v it_o bring_v a_o better_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o hear_v but_o be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n what_o a_o inconvenience_n and_o that_o no_o small_a one_o the_o observe_v this_o rule_n will_v bring_v along_o with_o it_o in_o a_o march_n i_o speak_v still_o when_o brigade_n march_v all_o in_o one_o front_n one_o behind_o another_o at_o that_o rate_n there_o shall_v be_v such_o avast_o distance_n between_o the_o van_n and_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o last_o brigade_n shall_v not_o get_v up_o though_o it_o run_v which_o it_o shall_v not_o do_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v marshal_v but_o in_o a_o very_a long_a time_n which_o you_o will_v easy_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o you_o will_v with_o i_o make_v this_o computation_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o eight_o brigade_n of_o foot_n in_o this_o chapter_n to_o be_v in_o our_o army_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o strong_a than_o 1800_o man_n and_o therefore_o each_o of_o they_o must_v be_v 300_o in_o front_n allow_v four_o foot_n to_o every_o leader_n these_o 300_o leader_n possess_v in_o rank_n 1200_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o by_o this_o opinion_n which_o i_o combat_v must_v be_v allow_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o brigade_n march_v one_o after_o another_o in_o breast_n now_o in_o eight_o brigade_n there_o be_v seven_o interval_n seven_o time_n 1200_o foot_n make_v 8400_o every_o one_o of_o the_o brigade_n possess_v in_o deepness_n 36_o foot_n multiply_v 36_o by_o 8_o which_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o brigade_n the_o product_n be_v 288._o add_v 288_o to_o 8400_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 8688_o foot_n so_o much_o distance_n there_o be_v from_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o brigade_n of_o foot_n to_o the_o bringers-up_a of_o the_o eight_o and_o last_o take_v a_o view_n of_o our_o six_o brigade_n of_o horse_n each_o whereof_o shall_v consist_v inconvenient_a and_o find_v inconvenient_a of_o no_o more_o than_o 600_o be_v three_o deep_a each_o brigade_n have_v 200_o in_o front_n allow_v but_o three_o foot_n for_o every_o rider_n the_o front_n of_o each_o brigade_n possess_v 600_o foot_n of_o ground_n as_o much_o
he_o make_v alt_z they_o all_o take_v up_o their_o several_a distance_n behind_o he_o till_o he_o who_o be_v file-leader_n turn_v himself_o about_o on_o that_o same_o ground_n he_o stand_v on_o and_o then_o all_o turn_n likewise_o so_o that_o all_o the_o file_n face_v to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o same_o order_n that_o before_o the_o countermarch_v it_o face_v to_o the_o van_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o body_n lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o therefore_o our_o modern_a driller_n when_o they_o command_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_a they_o say_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n countermarch_v and_o lose_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n or_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o van_n which_o be_v all_o one_o thing_n the_o laconian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n be_v command_v to_o take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o the_o rear_n as_o it_o possess_v before_o and_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o file-leader_n lacedaemonian_a lacedaemonian_a turn_v just_a where_o he_o stand_v and_o march_v as_o many_o foot_n behind_o the_o rear-man_n as_o the_o body_n at_o its_o due_a distance_n shall_v possess_v all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o about_o till_o their_o leader_n go_v by_o they_o and_o so_o the_o bringer_n up_o do_v only_o turn_v himself_o without_o any_o further_a motion_n the_o modern_a word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n and_o gain_v ground_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o persian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n keep_v the_o same_o ground_n it_o have_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o the_o leader_n stand_v where_o the_o bringer_n up_o be_v and_o the_o persian_n persian_n rear-man_n where_o the_o leader_n stand_v it_o be_v do_v thus_o the_o leader_n advance_v three_o step_n and_o then_o turn_v and_o march_v to_o the_o rear_n and_o all_o who_o follow_v he_o turn_v not_o till_o they_o come_v to_o that_o place_n to_o which_o he_o advance_v and_o then_o they_o face_n about_o and_o take_v up_o the_o same_o ground_n they_o former_o possess_v the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o this_o be_v countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o keep_v your_o ground_n it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o chorâ—an_n countermarch_v because_o choraean_a oâ—_n choraean_a as_o the_o chorus_n use_v to_o sing_v and_o dance_v all_o together_o so_o here_o all_o the_o rank_n move_v at_o once_o and_o keep_v that_o same_o measure_n and_o distance_n in_o turn_v resemble_v a_o dance_n but_o indeed_o all_o these_o counter-marche_n as_o most_o of_o all_o evolution_n be_v better_o and_o soon_o illustrate_v nay_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o body_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n than_o they_o can_v be_v either_o by_o word_n or_o figure_n on_o paper_n philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n father_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n put_v down_o the_o first_o of_o these_o counter-marche_n which_o be_v his_o own_o country_n one_o and_o with_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o have_v a_o show_n of_o fly_v at_o least_o of_o retire_v be_v a_o body_n of_o sixteen_o depth_n as_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v by_o that_o countermarch_v lose_v in_o the_o rear_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o foot_n of_o ground_n one_o foot_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o rank_a to_o stand_v on_o and_o six_o use_n all_o three_o of_o small_a use_n foot_n of_o distance_n between_o the_o rank_n at_o least_o it_o lose_v one_o hundred_o and_o six_o foot_n and_o true_o i_o think_v the_o hazard_n be_v small_a if_o all_o the_o three_o several_a counter-marche_n be_v for_o ever_o banish_v out_o of_o all_o army_n except_o those_o of_o our_o enemy_n it_o be_v true_a i_o never_o see_v any_o of_o they_o use_v in_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n for_o if_o they_o be_v practise_v then_o i_o be_o confident_a confusion_n will_v follow_v they_o which_o be_v but_o too_o ready_a to_o appear_v in_o any_o army_n though_o never_o so_o well_o order_v when_o it_o be_v unexpected_o attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n in_o the_o rear_n if_o the_o grecian_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o our_o great_a gun_n nay_o even_o with_o our_o musket_n which_o kill_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n by_o far_o than_o dart_n or_o arrow_n and_o against_o which_o their_o defensive_a arm_n will_v not_o have_v be_v proof_n they_o will_v have_v find_v that_o a_o enemy_n a_o good_a way_n from_o their_o rear_n will_v have_v render_v their_o best_a counter-marche_n both_o unfeasible_a and_o dangerous_a all_o the_o good_a i_o suppose_v that_o be_v intend_v by_o a_o countermarch_v be_v to_o place_v the_o very_a same_o man_n and_o rank_n with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n in_o that_o very_a same_o order_n they_o be_v with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o true_o if_o captain_n be_v careful_a to_o place_v their_o best_a man_n in_o the_o front_n their_o next_o best_a in_o the_o rear_n and_o make_v middle_a man_n of_o the_o three_o and_o rank_v every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o dignity_n as_o they_o shall_v do_v but_o too_o many_o of_o they_o be_v negligent_a in_o this_o it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o hazard_v a_o countermarch_v but_o with_o much_o ease_n and_o with_o one_o word_n of_o command_n and_o that_o be_v by_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n about_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v face_v in_o the_o rear_n without_o danger_n of_o any_o confusion_n or_o disorder_n i_o have_v see_v some_o very_a punctual_a officer_n and_o drill-master_n who_o have_v take_v much_o pain_n to_o teach_v new_a beginner_n all_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o counter-marche_n and_o have_v make_v they_o practice_v their_o lesson_n very_o exact_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o can_v never_o in_o my_o own_o judgement_n have_v a_o better_a opinion_n of_o counter-marche_n than_o they_o say_v some_o physician_n have_v of_o cucumber_n which_o they_o first_o order_n to_o be_v well_o correct_v and_o prepare_v with_o vinegar_n oil_n pepper_n and_o i_o know_v not_o what_o else_o and_o then_o advise_v to_o throw_v they_o out_o of_o door_n or_o over_o the_o window_n in_o exercise_v body_n the_o first_o care_n be_v to_o make_v rank_n and_o file_n keep_v that_o distance_n that_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o general_n who_o command_v the_o army_n for_o he_o may_v do_v in_o that_o according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n the_o grecian_a foot_n have_v a_o threefold_a distance_n the_o first_o be_v of_o six_o foot_n and_o this_o aelian_a will_n have_v to_o be_v in_o exercising_n and_o march_n between_o file_n and_o file_n as_o well_o as_o rank_n and_o rank_a but_o assure_o there_o be_v not_o so_o good_a reason_n for_o the_o one_o as_o there_o be_v for_o the_o other_o in_o regard_n all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n carty_v long_a pike_n require_v six_o foot_n in_o their_o march_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o pike_n but_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o so_o much_o between_o file_n and_o file_n as_o foot_n distance_n of_o the_o foot_n any_o man_n at_o first_o view_n may_v easy_o comprehend_v the_o second_o distance_n be_v of_o three_o foot_n between_o rank_n and_o rank_a as_o also_o between_o file_n and_o file_n and_o this_o be_v when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o stand_v in_o battle_n with_o their_o pike_n order_v and_o their_o posture_n at_o this_o distance_n be_v call_v densatio_n the_o three_o be_v of_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a between_o both_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o that_o be_v when_o they_o be_v either_o to_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v call_v constipatiâ—_n in_o that_o posture_n have_v present_v their_o pike_n with_o their_o left_a foot_n foremost_a their_o target_n touch_v one_o another_o and_o so_o their_o phalange_n look_v like_o a_o brazen_a wall_n as_o lucius_z aemilius_z the_o roman_a consul_n speak_v of_o that_o wherewith_o king_n persâ—â—s_v face_v he_o at_o the_o battle_n of_o pidna_n where_o they_o fight_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o macedon_n the_o grecian_a horse_n be_v marshal_v in_o several_a figure_n and_o of_o their_o distance_n i_o can_v say_v nothing_o nor_o do_v aelian_a help_n i_o in_o it_o at_o all_o of_o these_o several_a figure_n of_o horse_n troop_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n but_o one_o and_o horse_n of_o the_o horse_n then_o my_o reader_n will_v perhaps_o believe_v with_o i_o that_o the_o square_a battle_n probable_o keep_v that_o distance_n that_o troop_n have_v do_v since_o and_o that_o both_o the_o rhombus_fw-la and_o the_o wedge_n require_v a_o great_a distance_n when_o they_o be_v command_v by_o a_o motion_n either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n to_o change_v the_o posture_n or_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o stand_v and_o i_o conceive_v when_o either_o of_o they_o be_v to_o charge_n the_o horse_n man_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—err_v
make_v not_o their_o captain_n do_v their_o duty_n in_o so_o necessary_a a_o point_n of_o war._n i_o have_v see_v in_o germany_n and_o denmark_n regiment_n new_o raise_v and_o some_o also_o send_v out_o of_o sweden_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o long_a war_n before_o the_o peace_n of_o munster_n only_o exercise_v and_o drill_v three_o or_o four_o time_n and_o that_o be_v enough_o for_o they_o colonel_n supine_n carelessness_n of_o colonel_n for_o the_o whole_a time_n they_o be_v to_o serve_v for_o a_o man_n will_v have_v make_v himself_o ridiculous_a if_o he_o have_v speak_v of_o drill_v old_a soldier_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o posture_n and_o motion_n this_o will_v have_v be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o disparagement_n to_o they_o for_o it_o will_v have_v be_v presuppose_v that_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o exercise_v as_o in_o truth_n most_o of_o they_o do_v it_o be_v a_o pity_n and_o sometime_o matter_n of_o sport_n to_o hear_v man_n glory_n that_o they_o be_v old_a soldier_n who_o either_o never_o have_v learned_a soldier_n old_a soldier_n or_o have_v forget_v what_o belong_v to_o their_o profession_n and_o so_o upon_o the_o matter_n prove_v themselves_o to_o be_v old_a fool_n nay_o i_o have_v see_v in_o these_o same_o war_n many_o new_a levy_a company_n troop_n and_o regiment_n never_o train_v or_o exercise_v at_o all_o nay_o not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o lesson_n give_v to_o a_o soldier_n for_o the_o handle_n his_o arms._n it_o be_v true_a most_o of_o those_o who_o be_v levy_v in_o my_o time_n have_v serve_v in_o those_o war_n which_o be_v before_o my_o time_n but_o all_o have_v not_o and_o therefore_o some_o be_v raw_a and_o unexperienced_a and_o the_o old_a soldier_n of_o they_o need_v exceed_o to_o have_v have_v their_o memory_n refresh_v this_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o five_o thousand_o foot_n and_o three_o troop_n of_o horse_n which_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n levy_v and_o entertain_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a swedish_n war_n against_o poland_n from_o the_o year_n 1656_o till_o the_o year_n 1660._o i_o have_v not_o see_v brave_a man_n nor_o better_o equip_v in_o any_o militia_n than_o these_o be_v but_o in_o one_o whole_a summer_n that_o i_o be_v there_o i_o never_o see_v one_o company_n or_o one_o man_n of_o a_o company_n drill_v or_o exercise_v since_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n make_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n their_o officer_n have_v be_v negligent_a enough_o of_o this_o duty_n which_o may_v have_v be_v easy_o observe_v in_o most_o of_o their_o garrison_n wherein_o i_o have_v be_v but_o i_o suppose_v their_o late_a alarm_n have_v make_v they_o resume_v their_o ancient_a care_n and_o diligence_n these_o military_a exercise_n be_v so_o far_o wear_v out_o of_o use_n that_o i_o know_v count_n koningsmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o when_o he_o raise_v some_o new_a regiment_n for_o his_o master_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n take_v some_o old_a officer_n to_o be_v drill-master_n to_o the_o drill-master_n drill-master_n new_a levy_a company_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v provide_v with_o all_o the_o officer_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o these_o drill-master_n he_o entertain_v with_o monthly_a wage_n which_o i_o think_v be_v not_o do_v without_o some_o blemish_n to_o the_o reputation_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n especial_o of_o the_o colonel_n and_o captain_n that_o part_n of_o training_n which_o teach_v the_o handle_n arm_n be_v different_a to_o wit_n that_o which_o teach_v a_o horseman_n to_o manage_v handsome_o and_o readly_a his_o pistol_n carbine_n and_o sword_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o curiassier_n or_o harquebusier_n and_o that_o which_o teach_v a_o foot_n soldier_n to_o handle_v his_o musket_n and_o pike_n and_o his_o swede_n feather_n if_o he_o have_v one_o and_o as_o a_o horseman_n be_v oblige_v to_o learn_v to_o saddle_n and_o horseman_n drilling_n of_o horseman_n bridle_v his_o horse_n quick_o and_o well_o to_o mount_v and_o dismount_v handsome_o to_o ride_v decent_o and_o carry_v his_o body_n well_o or_o as_o it_o be_v call_v to_o have_v a_o good_a seat_n in_o his_o saddle_n and_o how_o to_o use_v his_o voice_n his_o hand_n his_o leg_n and_o his_o spur_n so_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o teach_v his_o horse_n to_o obey_v he_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o trot_v gallop_a run_a standing_z stop_v turn_v or_o wheel_v the_o horseman_n ought_v to_o be_v teach_v how_o to_o keep_v his_o pistol_n and_o carbine_n fix_v and_o bright_a without_o rust_n how_o to_o charge_v they_o quick_o and_o prime_a they_o how_o to_o fire_v they_o and_o ready_o charge_v again_o and_o he_o must_v be_v especial_o careful_a not_o to_o ride_v a_o shie-horse_n for_o such_o a_o one_o may_v not_o only_o bring_v his_o rider_n in_o danger_n and_o disgrace_n but_o disorder_n the_o whole_a troop_n exercise_n and_o accustom_v his_o horse_n to_o all_o feat_n of_o horsemanship_n especial_o to_o see_v fire_n to_o stand_v when_o a_o pistol_n or_o carbine_n be_v discharge_v close_o by_o he_o and_o to_o hear_v the_o trumpet_n will_v by_o degree_n banish_v shieness_n from_o he_o and_o therefore_o frequent_a drilling-troop_n of_o horse_n teach_v both_o man_n and_o horse_n their_o duty_n troop_n shall_v in_o some_o point_n be_v exercise_v by_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n that_o horseman_n may_v know_v the_o several_a point_n of_o war_n by_o their_o several_a name_n as_o to_o the_o watch_n to_o saddle_n to_o horse_n to_o march_v to_o charge_n to_o retire_v the_o particular_a word_n of_o command_n for_o drilling_n a_o single_a horsemâ—â—_n that_o be_v to_o teach_v he_o the_o right_a and_o true_a use_n of_o his_o arm_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o curiaâ—â—â—â—r_n harquebusier_n or_o carbiner_n be_v too_o tedious_a to_o be_v set_v down_o here_o and_o indeed_o needless_a for_o they_o be_v vulgar_o know_v and_o so_o be_v those_o for_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o infantry_n whether_o for_o the_o pike_n or_o the_o musket_n to_o teach_v either_o horseman_n or_o foot-soldier_n their_o motion_n and_o evolution_n foot_n motion_n or_o evolution_n of_o body_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n when_o they_o be_v in_o body_n great_a or_o small_a be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o training_n or_o drilling_n the_o word_n of_o command_n for_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n in_o these_o motion_n be_v the_o very_a same_o only_o the_o distance_n be_v different_a three_o foot_n be_v allow_v between_o file_n of_o foot_n and_o that_o be_v order_n six_o be_v open_a order_n and_o twelve_o be_v open_a open_a order_n or_o double_a double_a distance_n and_o these_o you_o may_v make_v use_n of_o in_o exercise_v march_v or_o fight_v as_o you_o think_v convenient_a in_o march_n the_o length_n of_o the_o pike_n require_v six_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o rank_n some_o allow_v in_o distance_n distance_n exercise_v body_n of_o horse_n six_o foot_n for_o single_a distance_n between_o rank_n and_o file_n and_o twelve_o for_o double_a distance_n the_o german_n ordinary_o allow_v ten_o for_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o for_o the_o other_o all_o these_o motion_n and_o evolution_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o four_o kind_n these_o be_v face_n doubling_n countermarching_n and_o wheeling_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o trouble_v either_o my_o reader_n or_o myself_o with_o the_o several_a word_n of_o command_n ordinary_a drill-master_n have_v most_o of_o they_o though_o not_o all_o but_o he_o who_o will_v have_v those_o for_o horse_n exact_o may_v find_v they_o in_o the_o supplement_n to_o the_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o art_n military_a and_o both_o for_o foot_n and_o horse_n in_o the_o famous_a earl_n of_o strafford_n instruction_n for_o the_o discipline_n of_o his_o army_n and_o those_o for_o the_o foot_n alone_o very_o well_o do_v by_o sir_n thâ—mas_n kâ—lliâ—_n and_o complete_o indeed_o by_o lieutenant_n colonel_n elâ—on_n in_o his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o art_n training_n observation_n concern_v training_n of_o war._n yet_o i_o shall_v desire_v my_o reader_n with_o i_o to_o observe_v in_o exercise_n of_o foot_n and_o horse_n these_o few_o particular_n first_o that_o none_o of_o the_o three_o ordinary_a way_n use_v for_o double_v of_o rank_n in_o observation_n first_o observation_n body_n of_o foot_n can_v be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o exercise_v body_n of_o horse_n as_o now_o they_o be_v marshal_v in_o most_o place_n of_o europe_n that_o be_v three_o deep_a or_o three_o in_o file_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v where_o they_o be_v five_o in_o file_n as_o in_o some_o place_n they_o be_v all_o odd_a number_n be_v improper_a for_o doubling_n either_o of_o rank_n or_o file_n second_o that_o the_o face_n of_o a_o great_a body_n of_o horse_n to_o either_o right_a or_o left_a second_o second_o hand_n or_o about_o by_o either_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n be_v a_o difficult_a work_n though_o with_o
body_n of_o foot_n it_o be_v the_o easy_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o can_v be_v sudden_o do_v and_o therefore_o be_v dangerous_a if_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o to_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o motion_n three_o if_o all_o the_o three_o countermarche_n laconian_a macedonian_a and_o chorâ—an_n three_o three_o be_v of_o very_o little_a use_n and_o great_a danger_n in_o the_o infantry_n as_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v appear_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n than_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o use_n of_o any_o of_o the_o three_o be_v as_o little_a and_o the_o danger_n as_o great_a in_o body_n of_o cavalry_n four_o that_o i_o conceive_v wheeling_n a_o more_o proper_a motion_n and_o more_o easy_a four_o four_o for_o the_o horse_n than_o for_o the_o foot_n it_o be_v a_o motion_n that_o have_v be_v much_o use_v by_o horse_n in_o fight_n for_o unless_o in_o wheel_v they_o be_v charge_v in_o the_o flank_n and_o if_o so_o they_o be_v ill_o second_v they_o be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o their_o first_o posture_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o foot_n for_o if_o the_o body_n be_v but_o indifferent_o great_a suppose_v fifteeen_n hundred_o man_n stand_v at_o three_o foot_n distance_n in_o file_n and_o six_o in_o rank_n you_o must_v â—irst_n make_v they_o come_v both_o rank_n and_o file_n to_o their_o close_a order_n before_o you_o can_v wheel_v your_o battle_n and_o that_o require_v some_o time_n for_o it_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o itself_o and_o the_o great_a the_o body_n be_v the_o long_a time_n it_o will_v have_v to_o make_v that_o first_o motion_n for_o great_a body_n move_v slow_o next_o the_o motion_n itself_o of_o wheel_v the_o battle_n be_v not_o soon_o do_v if_o well_o do_v for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o order_v discreet_o the_o body_n be_v immediate_o in_o confusion_n three_o when_o you_o have_v wheel_v this_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o man_n you_o must_v beg_v yet_o a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n from_o your_o enemy_n till_o you_o put_v your_o battle_n in_o a_o fight_a posture_n which_o you_o can_v do_v till_o you_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o first_o order_n for_o at_o close_a order_n your_o musqueâ—eers_n can_v fight_v and_o therefore_o you_o must_v cause_v your_o battle_n to_o open_v it_o be_v true_a the_o rank_n will_v quick_o open_v backward_o but_o the_o file_n be_v no_o less_o in_o a_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o man_n than_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o must_v have_v such_o a_o time_n to_o open_v though_o they_o do_v it_o with_o all_o the_o have_v imaginable_a that_o a_o resolute_a body_n of_o horse_n will_v charge_v through_o they_o before_o you_o end_v these_o three_o motion_n but_o a_o body_n of_o horse_n be_v in_o rank_n and_o file_v at_o that_o distance_n at_o which_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v need_v no_o command_n to_o close_a rank_n and_o file_n before_o it_o wheel_n nor_o no_o command_n to_o open_v they_o after_o it_o have_v wheel_v be_v constant_o in_o a_o posture_n to_o receive_v a_o enemy_n and_o with_o submission_n to_o great_a drill_n master_n i_o shall_v think_v the_o motion_n of_o facing_n and_o countermarch_v of_o body_n of_o horse_n whether_o great_a or_o small_a may_v be_v spare_v in_o their_o exercise_n because_o you_o may_v face_v a_o enemy_n with_o a_o squadron_n of_o horse_n either_o in_o flank_n or_o rear_v by_o wheel_a either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o by_o either_o of_o the_o two_o about_o a_o great_a deal_n soon_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o more_o ease_n and_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o less_o danger_n than_o you_o can_v do_v by_o either_o face_n or_o countermarch_v five_o observe_v that_o no_o man_n can_v or_o will_v attain_v to_o a_o perfect_a understanding_n of_o five_o five_o either_o posture_n motion_n or_o evolution_n in_o the_o train_n particular_a man_n or_o yet_o body_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o read_v the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o a_o book_n or_o paper_n or_o look_v upon_o the_o figure_n of_o they_o for_o the_o military_a art_n be_v practical_a one_o shall_v understand_v what_o belong_v to_o drilling_n and_o training_n more_o by_o look_v on_o the_o real_a practice_n of_o it_o three_o day_n than_o by_o the_o contemplative_a study_n of_o it_o three_o year_n when_o you_o see_v a_o countermarch_v in_o the_o field_n you_o will_v quick_o understand_v what_o a_o evolution_n it_o be_v when_o you_o see_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o in_o a_o book_n but_o you_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o know_v what_o it_o signify_v when_o you_o see_v the_o figure_n before_o the_o practice_n and_o last_o i_o avouch_v it_o to_o be_v the_o essential_a duty_n of_o a_o captain_n to_o exercise_n his_o six_o six_o troop_n or_o company_n himself_o whether_o it_o be_v of_o foot_n or_o horse_n nor_o shall_v it_o be_v permit_v that_o his_o lieutenant_n shall_v do_v it_o when_o he_o be_v present_a much_o less_o a_o sergeant_n as_o i_o have_v often_o see_v for_o thereby_o he_o uncaptain_n himself_o and_o change_v place_n with_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o this_o be_v too_o ordinary_a a_o military_a grievance_n against_o which_o the_o earl_n of_o swafford_n guard_v by_o a_o express_a instruction_n that_o no_o lieutenant_n shall_v exercise_v a_o company_n unless_o the_o captain_n be_v absent_a which_o he_o may_v not_o be_v without_o either_o sickness_n or_o that_o lord_n own_o permission_n a_o very_a just_a command_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o colonel_n shall_v exercise_v their_o regiment_n and_o in_o their_o absence_n their_o lieutenant_n colonel_n but_o when_o either_o of_o they_o be_v present_a the_o major_n ought_v neither_o to_o be_v command_v nor_o of_o himself_o offer_v to_o do_v it_o and_o this_o be_v contrary_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o who_o will_v impose_v so_o many_o duty_n on_o a_o major_n that_o they_o make_v thereby_o colonel_n and_o lieutenant_n colonel_n cipher_n or_o very_o insignificant_a creature_n chap._n xi_o of_o compay_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n what_o they_o have_v be_v what_o they_o be_v how_o they_o be_v marshal_v of_o all_o their_o officer_n their_o duty_n and_o qualification_n i_o suppose_v most_o military_a man_n acknowledge_v the_o infantry_n to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o a_o army_n with_o it_o the_o artillery_n munition_n and_o provision_n lodge_v and_o so_o do_v he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a the_o member_n of_o this_o body_n be_v regiment_n or_o brigade_n and_o the_o sinew_n and_o artery_n of_o these_o be_v company_n a_o company_n be_v a_o band_n of_o arm_a man_n marshal_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n a_o rank_n and_o file_n differ_v in_o this_o that_o the_o first_o consist_v of_o man_n whether_o on_o horseback_n or_o foot_n stand_v in_o one_o file_n a_o rank_n and_o a_o file_n front_n side_n for_o side_n the_o second_o of_o man_n stand_v in_o one_o row_n or_o lane_n one_o behind_o another_o so_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v convert_v a_o file_n into_o a_o rank_n and_o a_o rank_n into_o a_o file_n the_o number_n of_o these_o rank_n and_o file_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o number_n of_o man_n appoint_v to_o be_v in_o each_o company_n for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o general_a rule_n every_o prince_n and_o state_n order_v that_o as_o they_o please_v neither_o do_v they_o restrict_n themselves_o constant_o to_o one_o number_n but_o appoint_v their_o company_n to_o be_v strong_a and_o weak_a as_o the_o emergency_n of_o affair_n or_o the_o present_a ratio_fw-la belli_n seem_v to_o require_v it_o in_o former_a time_n ever_o since_o gunpowder_n be_v invent_v it_o have_v be_v so_o likewise_o for_o sometime_o company_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o at_o other_o time_n yet_o never_o be_v the_o weak_a of_o they_o of_o so_o small_a a_o number_n as_o general_o now_o they_o be_v the_o first_o time_n i_o remember_v to_o have_v read_v of_o a_o company_n of_o one_o hundred_o in_o the_o modern_a war_n be_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o nine_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n since_o in_o they_o i_o find_v that_o the_o protestant_a foot-company_n strong_a company_n of_o one_o hundred_o strong_a be_v but_o general_o one_o hundred_o strong_a for_o which_o i_o can_v guess_v at_o no_o reason_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o many_o gentleman_n who_o be_v force_v to_o take_v arm_n and_o dare_v not_o stay_v at_o home_n may_v be_v invest_v with_o charge_n and_o employment_n suitable_a to_o their_o quality_n yet_o methinks_v it_o have_v conduce_v more_o to_o the_o advancement_n and_o prosecution_n of_o the_o grand_a design_n that_o troop_n and_o company_n of_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr or_o curiassier_n have_v be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o number_n of_o gentleman_n a_o service_n very_o