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then_o for_o the_o wheel_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n yet_o be_v the_o wheeling_n of_o the_o part_n of_o great_a use_n for_o either_o the_o flank_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n or_o the_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n the_o front_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o flank_n when_o we_o desire_v to_o form_v the_o antistomus_n phalange_n to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n give_v on_o both_o flank_n and_o then_o the_o two_o middlemost_a bringer_n up_o be_v to_o stand_v and_o the_o middle_a fileleader_n to_o divine_v themselves_o and_o to_o move_v half_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n half_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n make_v those_o two_o bringer_n up_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o front_n into_o flank_n by_o division_n if_o the_o flank_n be_v to_o be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n the_o two_o middle_a fileleader_n be_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o the_o two_o half_a body_n to_o move_v about_o they_o one_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a till_o the_o two_o flank_n be_v in_o the_o front_n and_o the_o front_n in_o the_o midst_n this_o kind_n be_v practise_v when_o we_o will_v frame_v the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o flank_n into_o the_o front_n it_o be_v to_o be_v remember_v that_o after_o every_o motion_n a_o restitution_n to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v to_o be_v command_v in_o these_o word_n as_o you_o be_v in_o face_v you_o be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o contrary_a hand_n as_o if_o the_o command_n be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n in_o return_v you_o come_v to_o the_o left_a in_o double_v you_o must_v do_v the_o like_a in_o countermarch_n likewise_o whether_o you_o countermarch_n the_o whole_a body_n or_o the_o parcel_n thereof_o you_o be_v to_o return_v by_o the_o contrary_a hand_n after_o
direction_n do_v what_o you_o be_v command_v with_o silence_n keep_v your_o place_n every_o man_n follow_v your_o colour_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o write_v thus_o when_o your_o army_n go_v out_o to_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n 63._o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o deep_a silence_n for_o that_o both_o preserve_v the_o army_n from_o disorder_n and_o also_o make_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o commander_n to_o be_v hear_v with_o more_o attention_n and_o again_o thus_o there_o aught_o to_o be_v as_o much_o silence_n as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o army_n and_o if_o 79._o the_o bringer_n up_o of_o any_o file_n hear_v but_o a_o whisper_n of_o their_o fellow_n in_o the_o file_n they_o be_v to_o prick_v the_o party_n with_o the_o point_n of_o their_o pike_n and_o so_o to_o redress_v the_o fault_n d._n alexander_n when_o he_o be_v return_v from_o the_o country_n of_o the_o taulantian_o into_o which_o he_o have_v make_v a_o inroad_n find_v his_o way_n beset_v with_o enemy_n and_o be_v to_o 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be_v choose_v and_o by_o all_o nation_n observe_v when_o the_o fight_n be_v present_o to_o be_v undergo_v i_o need_v not_o bring_v instance_n thereof_o every_o man_n know_v it_o that_o be_v although_o but_o mean_o acquaint_v with_o history_n it_o be_v term_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o latin_a clamour_n in_o english_a a_o shout_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n the_o which_o be_v perform_v silence_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v in_o as_o strict_a manner_n a_o before_o and_o thus_o much_o of_o silence_n now_o follow_v the_o word_n of_o direction_n in_o aelians_n last_o chapter_n of_o the_o word_n of_o direction_n chap._n liiii_o thus_o then_o be_v we_o to_o command_v 1_o to_o your_o arm_n 2_o carriage_n away_o from_o the_o battle_n 3_o be_v silent_a and_o mark_v your_o direction_n 4_o take_v up_o your_o arm_n 5_o separate_a yourselves_o 6_o advance_v your_o pike_n 7_o file_n yourselves_o 8_o rank_n yourselves_o 9_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n 10_o reare-commander_n strengthen_v your_o file_n 11_o keep_v your_o first_o distance_n 12_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 13_o as_o you_o be_v 14_o face_n to_o the_o target_n move_v a_o little_a further_o stand_v so_o 15_o as_o you_o be_v 16_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n 17_o as_o you_o be_v 18_o double_v your_o depth_n 19_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n 20_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v 21_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n 22_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v 23_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n 24_o the_o choraean_a countermarch_v 25_o to_o your_o first_o posture_n the_o precept_n of_o the_o art_n tactic_n have_v i_o deliver_v unto_o you_o most_o invincible_a caesar_n which_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n will_v bring_v to_o the_o practice_n safety_n and_o victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n note_n these_o word_n of_o direction_n here_o set_v down_o be_v rather_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o command_n then_o to_o express_v the_o just_a number_n of_o direction_n 88_o use_v in_o exercise_n yet_o do_v leo_n the_o emperor_n transcribe_v some_o of_o they_o albeit_o not_o all_o out_o of_o aelian_n and_o the_o last_o in_o leo_n have_v a_o mixture_n of_o two_o motion_n in_o one_o direction_n be_v deliver_v in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v in_o latin_a translate_v by_o sir_n john_n check_v laconicum_n ad_fw-la hasta_fw-la 〈…〉_z trivolue_v and_o may_v be_v thus_o english_v wheel_n thrice_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n wherein_o there_o be_v both_o wheel_a and_o the_o lace_n emonian_n countermarch_v command_v at_o once_o a_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v perform_v for_o as_o in_o wheel_v the_o whole_a battle_n remain_v entire_a and_o move_v circlewise_o about_o the_o right_a ot_fw-mi left_a corner_n fileleader_n as_o about_o a_o centre_n so_o in_o a_o countermarch_v lacedaemonian_a it_o be_v break_v and_o begin_v to_o move_v by_o several_a rank_n and_o continue_v the_o motion_n in_o a_o 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&_o 8._o file_n and_o rank_n yourselves_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o note_v that_o no_o battle_n can_v be_v without_o file_v and_o rank_v this_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o captain_n be_v to_o see_v whether_o the_o soldier_n be_v file_v and_o rank_v but_o the_o action_n itself_o pertain_v to_o the_o soldier_n who_o know_v their_o file_n and_o rank_n be_v every_o man_n to_o take_v their_o place_n according_o for_o so_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v in_o true_a discipline_n of_o war_n 9_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n the_o file-leader_n be_v the_o life_n and_o giver_n of_o form_n unto_o the_o file_n he_o be_v the_o life_n in_o that_o he_o move_v first_o and_o draw_v the_o rest_n unto_o the_o same_o motion_n he_o give_v the_o form_n unto_o it_o because_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o right_a line_n his_o stand_n be_v the_o first_o point_n direct_v the_o rest_n to_o follow_v lineal_o one_o after_o another_o in_o this_o precept_n therefore_o look_v to_o your_o leader_n two_o thing_n 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in_o the_o 24_o chapter_n rehearse_v short_o the_o appellation_n or_o word_n of_o military_a discipline_n he_o place_v these_o form_n after_o induction_n and_o deduction_n i_o take_v it_o therefore_o that_o their_o proper_a place_n be_v after_o the_o 37_o chapter_n the_o rather_o because_o all_o the_o form_n of_o march_n from_o thenceforth_o handle_v be_v either_o square_n of_o the_o one_o kind_n or_o other_o or_o else_o spring_v out_o of_o these_o square_n i_o 1â—_n note_v before_o that_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o square_n one_o that_o have_v a_o long_a front_n than_o flank_n another_o that_o have_v a_o long_a flank_n than_o front_n the_o three_o that_o have_v the_o front_n and_o flank_v equal_a of_o the_o three_o aelian_n speak_v in_o the_o 42_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o in_o this_o chapter_n of_o these_o two_o therefore_o i_o will_v treat_v in_o order_n and_o first_o i_o will_v handle_v the_o name_n than_o the_o use_v last_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o 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the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d use_v by_o arrian_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o bear_v of_o a_o pike_n he_o tell_v that_o alexander_n transport_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n ister_n to_o invade_v the_o territory_n c._n of_o the_o getes_n and_o have_v thus_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o pass_v the_o river_n with_o alexander_n be_v about_o 1500_o horse_n and_o 4000_o foot_n they_o pass_v in_o the_o night_n and_o land_v where_o the_o corn_n be_v high_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o their_o arrival_n be_v not_o descry_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o morning_n appear_v alexander_n lead_v they_o through_o the_o corn_n field_n command_v the_o foot_n that_o bear_v down_o the_o corn_n with_o their_o pike_n hold_v a_o thwart_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o shall_v march_v into_o the_o champaign_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o bear_n of_o pike_n as_o i_o interpret_v it_o be_v this_o they_o take_v the_o pike_n in_o the_o midst_n with_o both_o their_o hand_n and_o so_o bear_v they_o out_o not_o with_o the_o point_n forward_o but_o cross_a and_o parallel_v the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n that_o the_o file_n leader_n with_o one_o joint_a force_n may_v ledge_n and_o bear_v down_o the_o high-growne_a corn_n and_o make_v easy_a passage_n for_o those_o that_o follow_v if_o they_o have_v carry_v they_o out_o slope_v or_o oblique_a which_o be_v the_o other_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n it_o have_v be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o particular_a force_n of_o every_o man_n a_o part_n that_o hold_v his_o pike_n slope_v beside_o that_o they_o will_v have_v be_v entangle_v in_o the_o corn_n whereas_o the_o bear_n of_o they_o across_o parrallell_n with_o the_o front_n be_v the_o joint_a force_n of_o so_o many_o fileleader_n as_o do_v thrust_v forward_o against_o the_o corne._n therefore_o as_o when_o the_o pike_n be_v bear_v in_o full_a length_n across_o 〈◊〉_d the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o be_v a_o phalange_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o have_v a_o front_n stretch_v out_o in_o even_a length_n and_o oppose_v against_o the_o even_a front_n of_o the_o adverse_a battle_n of_o the_o enemy_n 2._o the_o length_n manifold_o exceed_v the_o depth_n aelian_n set_v not_o down_o express_o any_o proportion_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o length_n above_o the_o depth_n only_o he_o say_v it_o must_v manifold_o exceed_v the_o depth_n we_o must_v take_v it_o then_o that_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o length_n must_v be_v at_o the_o least_o threefold_a for_o thrice_o fall_v into_o the_o appellation_n of_o manifold_a a_o macedonian_a fourfold_a phalange_n may_v just_o challenge_v phalange_n this_o name_n be_v 1024_o man_n in_o length_n only_o 16_o in_o depth_n and_o likewise_o a_o phalangarch_n lead_v several_o and_o by_o itself_o as_o have_v 256_o man_n in_o length_n but_o 16_o in_o depth_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o fourfold_a 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depth_n unequal_a as_o have_v the_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n yet_o must_v the_o depth_n manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n which_o be_v contrary_a in_o the_o plagiophalange_n this_o say_v aelian_n proceed_v in_o 4._o a_o wing_n to_o proceed_v in_o a_o 9_o wing_n be_v to_o march_v on_o with_o a_o parcel_n or_o one_o body_n of_o the_o army_n namely_o with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o file_n as_o with_o a_o file_n tetrarchy_n file_n taxis_fw-la or_o file_n syntagna_n and_o to_o follow_v with_o the_o rest_n in_o like_a manner_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a army_n hold_v no_o proportion_n of_o length_n or_o breadth_n to_o the_o depth_n that_o which_o be_v call_v by_o aelian_a orthiophalanx_n be_v call_v by_o 20._o diodorus_n siculus_n and_o by_o c._n arrian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o deep_a phalange_n because_o the_o form_n of_o it_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o embattail_v as_o i_o have_v note_v upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n this_o kind_n of_o march_v the_o greek_a writer_n express_v by_o the_o word_n of_o lead_v a._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o c._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v in_o a_o wing_n whereas_o the_o other_o kind_n with_o a_o large_a front_n i_o mean_v the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n be_v say_v to_o be_v lead_v a._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o f._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o c._n in_o a_o phalange_n and_o b._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 26._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o front_n ibid._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o extension_n of_o breadth_n the_o word_n i_o recite_v to_o help_v they_o who_o although_o they_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o greek_a tongue_n yet_o be_v not_o so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o tacticke_n and_o may_v easy_o mistake_v or_o not_o understand_v the_o signification_n if_o they_o be_v not_o forewarn_v but_o because_o i_o have_v before_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n touch_v this_o matter_n i_o will_v here_o use_v a_o example_n or_o two_o only_o to_o explain_v and_o to_o give_v light_n to_o both_o form_n 14._o arrian_n report_v that_o when_o alexander_n be_v to_o pass_v the_o river_n granicus_n on_o the_o further_a side_n whereof_o the_o persian_n have_v embattle_v themselves_o in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d broad-fronted_n phalange_n to_o hinder_v his_o passage_n parmenio_n one_o of_o his_o elder_a and_o best_a commander_n come_v unto_o he_o and_o give_v he_o this_o counsel_n sir_n say_v he_o consider_v the_o persian_n be_v ready_a to_o encounter_v you_o on_o the_o other_o side_n my_o opinion_n be_v you_o can_v gain_v the_o passage_n without_o exceed_a danger_n both_o because_o your_o phalange_n can_v be_v lead_v 〈◊〉_d in_o front_n that_o be_v in_o a_o broad_a front_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o and_o sundry_a depth_n that_o be_v to_o be_v
one_o direct_o after_o another_o how_o they_o stand_v â—_o polybius_n show_v describe_v the_o same_o battle_n he_o say_v that_o scipio_n order_v the_o hastati_fw-la and_o their_o ensign_n first_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o in_o front_n and_o give_v interual_n to_o their_o maniple_n behind_o they_o the_o principes_fw-la not_o against_o the_o interual_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la as_o the_o roman_a manner_n be_v but_o behind_o they_o in_o a_o right_a line_n because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n elephant_n and_o last_o the_o triarij_fw-la on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o left_a flank_n he_o range_v c._n lelius_n with_o the_o italian_a horse_n under_o he_o on_o the_o right_a massanissa_n and_o all_o the_o numidian_a horse_n which_o he_o command_v the_o interual_n of_o the_o first_o ensign_n that_o be_v of_o the_o hastati_fw-la he_o fill_v with_o the_o body_n of_o light_n arm_v command_v they_o first_o to_o undertake_v the_o fight_n and_o in_o case_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o 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front_n of_o his_o battle_n into_o the_o empty_a space_n strike_v upon_o both_o the_o flank_n thereof_o with_o the_o wing_n it_o have_v open_v and_o so_o seek_v to_o distress_v it_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v this_o advantage_n that_o it_o fight_v with_o the_o best_a man_n viz._n the_o fileleader_n order_v in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wing_n thereof_o not_o against_o the_o file-leader_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n but_o against_o the_o weak_a sort_n who_o be_v ordinary_o place_v in_o the_o flank_n thereof_o the_o latin_a name_n be_v more_o fit_a and_o significant_a to_o express_v the_o form_n by_o some_o it_o be_v call_v a_o 19_o pair_n of_o tongue_n by_o othersome_a a_o â—orfex_fw-la pair_n of_o shears_n both_o appellation_n serve_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o right_a form_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la for_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o open_a their_o foremost_a part_n to_o a_o pretty_a distance_n and_o the_o hinder_a part_n which_o be_v pin_v and_o fasten_v together_o end_n in_o a_o narrow_a point_n as_o do_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o term_v it_o a_o wedge_n that_o they_o hold_v it_o the_o best_a form_n to_o receive_v and_o frustrate_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o true_a wedge_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o 18_o vegetius_n 6._o which_o be_v frame_v when_o the_o fashion_v of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la spring_v out_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n what_o that_o diphalange_n be_v we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 40_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n thus_o much_o i_o may_v beforehand_o signify_v that_o the_o fileleader_n ought_v to_o be_v place_v within_o the_o hollow_a flank_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o line_n to_o the_o inside_n and_o the_o diphalange_a antistomus_n be_v once_o frame_v which_o be_v to_o have_v the_o fileleader_n in_o the_o midst_n from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o other_o there_o need_v no_o further_a labour_n then_o to_o dispatch_v the_o front_n in_o the_o midst_n leave_v the_o fileleader_n on_o both_o side_n and_o to_o fasten_v and_o join_v together_o the_o rear_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n may_v enter_v into_o the_o hollowness_n but_o yet_o be_v mesh_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o net_n and_o neither_o able_a to_o pass_v through_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v close_o shut_v nor_o yet_o to_o give_v offence_n to_o those_o that_o fight_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v no_o man_n who_o they_o may_v charge_v in_o the_o void_a space_n nor_o yet_o dare_v to_o break_v the_o form_n of_o their_o battle_n after_o join_v for_o it_o be_v a_o good_a observation_n of_o cyrop_n vegetius_n that_o in_o fight_v the_o manner_n of_o your_o embattail_v be_v not_o
to_o be_v change_v nor_o any_o number_n of_o soldier_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o place_n than_o they_o have_v for_o hereof_o tumult_n and_o confusion_n will_v straight_o arise_v and_o the_o enemy_n will_v easy_o take_v advantage_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o ready_a or_o fallout_v to_o be_v disorder_v i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o latin_n and_o grecian_n differ_v in_o the_o name_n of_o this_o battle_n howbeit_o they_o agree_v both_o about_o the_o form_n which_o may_v here_o appear_v by_o aelian_n who_o resemble_v it_o to_o the_o letter_n v_n neither_o can_v there_o a_o better_a resemblance_n be_v make_v for_o as_o the_o letter_n v_n consist_v of_o two_o line_n which_o be_v open_a in_o the_o top_n close_o in_o the_o bottom_n so_o do_v this_o form_n of_o battle_n of_o two_o side_n which_o in_o front_n be_v void_a open_a and_o dissever_v in_o the_o rear_n join_v and_o close_v fast_o together_o if_o you_o will_v therefore_o frame_v this_o battle_n you_o must_v first_o make_v a_o square_a the_o fileleader_n be_v all_o in_o front_n then_o must_v you_o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o so_o your_o fileleader_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n last_o you_o be_v to_o open_v the_o front_n of_o your_o battle_n leave_v half_o the_o fileleader_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o one_o flank_n and_o half_a in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o other_o keep_v the_o rear_n close_o knit_v together_o and_o for_o the_o open_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o will_v receive_v into_o the_o void_a space_n the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n which_o be_v once_o let_v in_o the_o inward_a two_o flank_n of_o the_o wedge_n where_o the_o fileleader_n be_v aught_o to_o face_n to_o both_o hand_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o outward_a flank_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n and_o so_o circumvent_v they_o 7._o furthermore_o a_o triphalange_n a_o triphalange_n in_o this_o place_n of_o aelian_n be_v when_o a_o square_a body_n or_o phalange_n be_v 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the_o hollowness_n the_o other_o charge_v the_o other_o now_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n beside_o that_o it_o spare_v reserve_v for_o all_o occasion_n by_o off-holding_a the_o three_o phalange_n if_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v beat_v by_o the_o two_o oppose_a phalanges_fw-la all_o be_v lose_v and_o no_o hope_n leave_v of_o win_v the_o field_n no_o other_o force_n be_v to_o second_v it_o where_o notwithstanding_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v get_v the_o better_a may_v be_v curb_v and_o the_o victory_n arrest_v by_o this_o reserve_v and_o by_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o other_o two_o phalanges_fw-la break_v word_n of_o direction_n in_o the_o right_a induction_n 1_o the_o right-corner_n xenagy_n march_v out_o so_o be_v it_o of_o all_o other_o body_n if_o they_o begin_v the_o march_n 2_o the_o rest_n follow_v in_o xenagies_n direction_n for_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 1._o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o body_n so_o shall_v the_o file-leader_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o two_o middlemost_a leader_n must_v be_v centor_n for_o the_o other_o to_o wheel_v about_o 2._o open_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n keep_v your_o rear_n close_o for_o the_o triphalange_n 1_o the_o two_o wing_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n the_o middle_n remain_v as_o it_o be_v 2_o match_n out_o to_o the_o distance_n require_v that_o be_v to_o be_v able_a to_o meet_v in_o a_o right_a line_n the_o two_o front_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 3_o stand_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n require_v 4_o face_n as_o you_o be_v 5_o advance_v and_o charge_v of_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n xxxvii_o 1_o parogoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o 2_o a_o wing_n not_o by_o 3_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n have_v the_o commander_n or_o fileleader_n either_o on_o the_o right-hand_a which_o be_v call_v a_o right_a hand_n deduction_n or_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o be_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o 4_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple_a front_n according_a to_o the_o place_n or_o part_v it_o be_v suspect_v the_o enemy_n will_v give_v on_o and_o both_o the_o paragogy_n begin_v the_o fight_n in_o flank_n do_v 5_o make_v the_o length_n doubt_n to_o the_o depth_n this_o form_n of_o fight_n be_v devise_v to_o teach_v a_o soldier_n to_o receive_v heedful_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o also_o in_o flank_n note_n 1_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n induction_n be_v speak_v of_o deduction_n follow_v which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o march_n for_o these_o be_v no_o cap._n 37._o a_o four_o front_a phalange_n against_o all_o allempte_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o front_n of_o the_o rear_v the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a flank_n the_o front_n of_o the_o leave_v flank_v the_o front_n of_o the_o narch_n other_o kind_n than_o induction_n and_o deduction_n the_o one_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n the_o other_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o flank_n neither_o do_v the_o greatness_n or_o smallness_n of_o the_o body_n make_v any_o difference_n herein_o be_v the_o body_n never_o so_o great_a as_o be_v the_o phalange_n or_o so_o small_a as_o one_o company_n yet_o must_v the_o fileleader_n either_o lead_n or_o else_o be_v in_o flank_n of_o the_o march_n the_o rear_n in_o necessity_n may_v well_o be_v make_v good_a by_o the_o bringer_n up_o deduction_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o many_o form_n of_o battle_n usual_a in_o march_n from_o it_o come_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la whereof_o we_o speak_v before_o from_o it_o be_v the_o antistomus_n the_o peristomus_fw-la the_o homoiostomus_n the_o heterostomus_fw-la of_o which_o hereafter_o 2_o when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n suidas_n have_v that_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o phalange_n march_v with_o the_o 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hollowness_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o therefore_o it_o be_v now_o resolve_v aforehand_o who_o shall_v command_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o plesium_n and_o take_v charge_n of_o vaunt_v who_o on_o the_o flank_n and_o who_o in_o the_o rear_n we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o take_v advice_n at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o put_v in_o execution_n that_o which_o be_v resolve_v before_o and_o a_o little_a after_o and_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o cherisophus_n be_v the_o fit_a commander_n for_o the_o vaunt_v because_o he_o be_v a_o lacedaemonian_a and_o let_v two_o of_o the_o â—ldest_a colonel_n take_v care_n of_o the_o flank_n the_o young_a namely_o myself_o and_o timasion_n will_v look_v to_o the_o rear_n this_o be_v xenophons_n counsel_n and_o in_o this_o form_n they_o march_v and_o be_v charge_v afterward_o with_o both_o persian_a horse_n and_o foot_n they_o defend_v themselves_o against_o all_o effort_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o quadruple_a battle_n therefore_o be_v use_v 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which_o be_v give_v in_o the_o text_n be_v not_o of_o double_a proportion_n but_o of_o treble_a and_o more_o ten_o comprehend_v three_o three_o time_n and_o more_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n chap._n xxxviii_o 1_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v two_o front_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o battle_n that_o be_v set_v and_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v a_o front_n see_v then_o in_o this_o form_n the_o middlemost_a be_v order_v back_o to_o back_n and_o those_o in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n the_o one_o be_v commander_n in_o front_n the_o other_o in_o rear_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v amphistomus_fw-la it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n against_o a_o enemy_n strong_a in_o horse_n and_o able_a to_o give_v a_o hot_a and_o dangerous_a charge_n and_o principal_o practise_v against_o cap._n 38_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la those_o barbarian_n that_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n ister_n who_o they_o also_o call_v amphippi_n because_o they_o change_v their_o horse_n in_o fight_n the_o horse_n battle_n to_o encounter_v this_o form_n have_v a_o tetragonall_a shape_n be_v for_o the_o purpose_n divide_v into_o two_o broad_a square_n they_o be_v call_v broad_a square_n that_o have_v the_o front_n twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o depth_n and_o those_o square_n be_v oppose_v several_o against_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o foot-battaile_n note_n 1_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o battle_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o a_o march_n be_v describe_v partly_o in_o the_o former_a two_o chapter_n partly_o in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v whereof_o some_o be_v for_o ease_v of_o the_o march_n as_o the_o induction_n some_o for_o fight_n those_o which_o be_v for_o fight_v be_v either_o offensive_a or_o else_o defensive_a of_o the_o offensive_a kind_n be_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la before_o mention_v of_o the_o defensive_a the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v 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these_o word_n in_o aelian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o in_o the_o beginning_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d charge_v the_o enemy_n which_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v not_o read_v apply_v to_o the_o flank_n and_o therefore_o take_v it_o for_o front_n and_o rear_v because_o the_o one_o namely_o the_o front_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o viz._n the_o rear_n be_v the_o end_n in_o which_o sense_n if_o you_o take_v the_o word_n the_o description_n must_v needs_o agree_v with_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la which_o the_o enemy_n charge_v both_o front_n and_o rear_v with_o the_o fileleader_n and_o their_o half_a file_n as_o they_o stand_v receive_v those_o that_o charge_v the_o front_n with_o the_o brnigers-up_a and_o the_o other_o half_a file_n face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n those_o which_o
need_v few_o word_n of_o direction_n in_o this_o only_o if_o the_o two_o ordinary_a battle_n stand_v in_o equal_a front_n let_v the_o one_o wheel_n to_o the_o right_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o march_v the_o one_o before_o the_o other_o after_o of_o the_o horse_n rombe_n and_o of_o the_o foot-halfe-moone_n to_o encounter_v it_o chap._n xliiii_o 1_o the_o battle_n frame_v in_o a_o form_n of_o a_o rombe_n be_v first_o invent_v by_o ileon_n the_o thessalian_a and_o be_v call_v i_o will_v after_o his_o name_n and_o to_o this_o form_n he_o exercise_v and_o accustom_v his_o thessalian_n it_o be_v of_o good_a use_n because_o it_o have_v a_o leader_n on_o every_o corner_n in_o the_o front_n the_o captain_n in_o the_o rear_n the_o livetennant_n and_o on_o either_o side_n the_o flank-commander_n 2_o the_o foot_n battle_n fit_a to_o encounter_n this_o be_v the_o 3_o menoide_v or_o crescent_a have_v both_o the_o wing_n stretch_v out_o and_o within_o they_o the_o leader_n and_o be_v embow_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o environ_v and_o wrap_v in_o the_o horseman_n in_o their_o give_v on_o where_o upon_o the_o horseman_n ply_v the_o foot_n a_o far_o off_o with_o fly_a weapon_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o tarantine_n seek_v thereby_o to_o dissolve_v and_o disorder_v their_o circle_a frame_n of_o march_n tarentum_n be_v a_o city_n in_o italy_n the_o hoseman_n whereof_o be_v call_v acrobolist_n because_o in_o charge_v they_o first_o cast_v little_a darter_n dart_n and_o after_o come_v to_o hand_n with_o the_o enemy_n note_n 1_o the_o battle_n in_o form_n of_o a_o rhombe_n of_o the_o rhombe_n be_v sufficient_o speak_v in_o chap._n 6._o before_o and_o in_o the_o note_n upon_o the_o same_o chapter_n the_o manner_n of_o frame_v of_o it_o and_o the_o diverse_a kind_n thereof_o be_v there_o set_v down_o the_o thessalian_n cap_n 44_o the_o half_a moon_n or_o menoide_n of_o foot_n the_o rhombe_n of_o horse_n the_o front_n use_v not_o all_o those_o kind_n but_o only_o that_o which_o file_v but_o rank_n not_o as_o aelian_n testify_v in_o the_o 46_o chapter_n which_o kind_n be_v there_o also_o describe_v it_o 46._o be_v account_v a_o form_n of_o great_a violence_n &_o in_o that_o form_n the_o thessalian_n get_v all_o there_o reputation_n be_v esteem_v the_o the_o best_a horseman_n of_o greece_n 2_o the_o foot_n battle_n fit_a to_o encounter_n this_o the_o advantage_n that_o horseman_n have_v against_o foot_n be_v great_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o footman_n have_v seek_v to_o help_v themselves_o by_o diverse_a kind_n of_o embattail_v to_o the_o end_n to_o supply_v by_o art_n that_o which_o they_o want_v by_o force_n and_o strength_n of_o which_o manner_n of_o embattailing_n many_o be_v set_v down_o in_o aelian_n if_o more_o than_o one_o troop_n charge_n at_o once_o you_o have_v the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la antistomus_n and_o the_o plinthium_fw-la to_o resist_v if_o but_o one_o troop_n the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n all_o which_o kind_n be_v before_o describe_v by_o aelian_n in_o this_o chapter_n be_v another_o kind_n describe_v namely_o the_o half_a moon_n and_o there_o follow_v in_o other_o chapter_n the_o plagiophalange_n the_o epicampios_fw-la emprosthia_fw-la and_o the_o wedge_n of_o all_o which_o we_o be_v to_o discourse_v in_o order_n as_o they_o be_v remember_v by_o our_o author_n 3_o be_v the_o menoeid_n or_o cressant_n against_o the_o rhombe_n of_o horse_n aelian_n oppose_v the_o menoeides_n of_o foot_n a_o name_n of_o battle_n borrow_v from_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o moon_n and_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v join_v to_o make_v up_o the_o composition_n signify_v a_o full_a shape_n or_o form_n so_o the_o word_n import_v a_o shape_n or_o form_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o yet_o this_o battle_n be_v not_o like_o all_o shape_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o like_a to_o the_o new_a moon_n when_o she_o have_v two_o horn_n and_o have_v 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