see_v the_o first_o rank_n be_v cast_v itself_o in_o a_o file_n behind_o the_o right_a hand_n man_n v._n x._o be_v a_o file_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n where_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v go_v to_o file_n behind_o the_o left_a hand_n man_n and_o as_o the_o first_o rank_n in_o both_o do_v so_o you_o must_v imagine_v the_o rest_n to_o do_v in_o a_o instant_n y._n z._n be_v a_o file_v to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v by_o division_n where_o you_o see_v the_o half_a of_o the_o first_o rank_n fall_v in_o behind_o the_o right_a hand_n man_n and_o the_o other_o half_n of_o it_o behind_o the_o left_a hand_n man_n which_o also_o you_o must_v conceive_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n to_o do_v the_o word_n of_o command_n file_v rank_a as_o you_o be_v rank_n file_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n rank_n file_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n some_o say_v rank_n file_v by_o conversion_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n file_n as_o you_o be_v rank_n file_v to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v by_o division_n or_o rank_n file_v by_o inversion_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a there_o be_v yet_o a_o double_v of_o file_n by_o wheel_v the_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n if_o the_o word_n be_v to_o the_o right_n the_o right_a hand_n man_n turn_v to_o the_o right_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o rank_a wheel_n together_o and_o come_v above_o he_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n all_o the_o rank_n do_v the_o like_a if_o the_o command_n be_v to_o the_o left_a the_o left_a hand_n man_n turn_v to_o the_o left_a the_o rest_n of_o his_o rank_n come_v all_o above_o he_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o so_o all_o the_o other_o rank_n cd_o ab_fw-la the_o figure_n a._n b._n be_v a_o wheel_a to_o the_o right_a hand_n where_o you_o see_v the_o first_o rank_n wheel_v about_o the_o right_a hand_n man_n and_o come_v up_o upon_o his_o left_a hand_n c._n d._n be_v a_o wheel_a to_o the_o left_a hand_n where_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v wheel_v about_o the_o left_a hand_n man_n and_o come_v up_o on_o his_o right_a hand_n and_o so_o do_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n the_o word_n of_o command_n rank_n as_o you_o be_v rank_n wheel_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n rank_n wheel_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n you_o may_v wheel_v rank_n also_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v by_o division_n the_o use_n of_o double_v of_o file_n be_v to_o strengthen_v the_o depth_n of_o your_o battle_n to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n file_n the_o use_n of_o double_v of_o file_n when_o you_o think_v he_o mind_n to_o break_v through_o and_o divide_v your_o force_n it_o serve_v also_o to_o let_v the_o shot_n go_v through_o your_o file_n when_o you_o be_v march_v towards_o a_o fort_n for_o which_o the_o first_o manner_n of_o double_v be_v proper_a &_o the_o file_v of_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n also_o to_o give_v a_o volley_n of_o musquetado_n upon_o either_o flank_n or_o both_o or_o to_o make_v a_o street_n for_o a_o general_n or_o some_o great_a commander_n to_o go_v through_o or_o else_o to_o lodge_v the_o colour_n the_o file_v of_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a or_o both_o by_o division_n or_o the_o wheel_a of_o rank_n perform_v this_o it_o serve_v also_o to_o make_v your_o force_n seem_v small_a to_o allure_v the_o enemy_n to_o fight_v as_o do_v 4._o do_v polien_n strat._n lib_n 2._o in_o cleandri_n §._o 4._o cleandridas_n against_o the_o leucans_n who_o first_o first_o draw_v out_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o a_o greath_n depth_n whereby_o his_o enemy_n contemn_v his_o apparent_o small_a number_n do_v charge_v he_o but_o he_o instant_o double_v his_o rank_n do_v encompass_v they_o and_o overthrow_v they_o but_o you_o must_v take_v heed_n as_o the_o emperor_n 109._o emperor_n leo_fw-la tact._n c._n 14._o §._o 109._o leo_n advertise_v in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n that_o when_o you_o double_v the_o depth_n of_o your_o battle_n you_o make_v not_o the_o front_n of_o your_o army_n too_o narrow_a and_o so_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o enemy_n to_o overfront_v you_o &_o encompass_v you_o which_o be_v 10._o be_v polyb._n histor_n lib._n 1._o §._o 10._o marcus_n attilius_n regulus_n his_o error_n in_o the_o battle_n against_o the_o carthagenian_o for_o he_o fear_v the_o force_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a elephant_n to_o break_v through_o his_o army_n draw_v his_o battle_n to_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n that_o it_o be_v easy_o encompass_v by_o the_o carthaginian_a horseman_n lead_v by_o zantippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o by_o they_o utterlie_o defeat_v and_o himself_o take_v prisoner_n for_o as_o too_o much_o weaken_v of_o the_o depth_n and_o double_v the_o length_n of_o your_o battle_n put_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v divide_v and_o break_v so_o too_o much_o double_v the_o depth_n and_o diminish_v the_o length_n put_v it_o in_o peril_n to_o be_v overwinge_v and_o encompass_v and_o therefore_o a_o wise_a commander_n will_v have_v a_o care_n if_o his_o front_n be_v narrow_a to_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o trench_n river_n or_o marish_a thereby_o to_o secure_v his_o flank_n that_o the_o enemy_n may_v not_o annoy_v he_o there_o and_o if_o he_o can_v attain_v to_o none_o of_o those_o yet_o to_o make_v use_n of_o his_o own_o wagon_n observe_v that_o this_o motion_n of_o doubling_n alter_v the_o form_n of_o the_o battle_n change_v both_o the_o length_n and_o the_o depth_n thereof_o which_o no_o other_o motion_n do_v observe_v also_o that_o in_o double_v the_o length_n of_o your_o battle_n you_o make_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o double_v the_o depth_n you_o make_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d describe_v by_o 29._o by_o aelian_a tact._n c._n 29._o aelian_a 28._o aelian_a aelian_a tact._n c._n 28._o aelian_a speak_v of_o a_o double_v of_o the_o depth_n in_o place_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o open_n of_o rank_n to_o a_o geat_a distance_n of_o evolution_n or_o countermarch_n tit._n 8._o evolution_n or_o countermarch_v call_v by_o the_o grecian_n 26._o grecian_n aelian_a tact._n c._n 26._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a battle_n whereby_o the_o front_n be_v bring_v in_o place_n of_o the_o rear_n or_o one_o flank_n in_o place_n of_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o countermarch_v be_v two_o fold_n of_o file_n or_o of_o rank_n and_o both_o of_o those_o say_v 26._o say_v aelian_a tact._n c._n 26._o aelian_a be_v threefold_a for_o either_o they_o gain_v ground_n in_o march_v not_o in_o charge_v or_o loose_a ground_n or_o keep_v that_o same_o ground_n the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v the_o second_o the_o lacedaemonian_a the_o three_o the_o chorean_a or_o persian_a the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n so_o call_v from_o the_o macedonian_n who_o be_v the_o inventor_n and_o user_n of_o it_o be_v describe_v by_o 27._o by_o aelian_a tact._n c._n 27._o aelian_a in_o those_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v his_o face_n and_o the_o bringer_n up_o with_o all_o the_o rest_n go_v against_o he_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o front_n of_o the_o phalanx_n place_v themselves_o in_o order_n one_o after_o another_o according_a as_o the_o file_n leader_n himself_o have_v turn_v his_o face_n or_o it_o be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v his_o face_n and_o the_o next_o to_o he_o pass_v by_o he_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n place_v himself_o behind_o he_o &_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n one_o after_o another_o as_o you_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n follow_v efabcd_v a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v the_o battle_n before_o the_o countermarch_v e_o f_o a_o b_o the_o battle_n after_o the_o countermarch_v which_o have_v leave_v the_o ground_n a_o b_o c_o d_o wherein_z it_o stand_v which_o you_o see_v mark_v with_o point_n and_o take_v the_o ground_n before_o it_o e_o f_o a_o b_o and_o be_v all_o face_v about_o to_o the_o rear_n a_o b_o which_o before_o the_o countermarch_v be_v the_o front_n do_v yet_o remain_v the_o front_n but_o the_o right_a hand_n file_n b_o d_o be_v become_v the_o left_a hand_n file_n b_o f_o and_o the_o left_a hand_n file_n a_o c_o the_o right_a hand_n file_n a_o e._n the_o rear_n c_o d_o be_v now_o the_o rear_n e_o f._n the_o word_n of_o command_n file_n countermarch_v and_o gain_v ground_n the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v by_o file_n so_o call_v from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o invent_v and_o practise_v this_o motion_n be_v set_v down_o by_o 27._o by_o aelian_a tact._n c._n 27._o aelian_a in_o those_o
word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v his_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pick_n transfer_v the_o whole_a file_n to_o a_o place_n equal_a to_o the_o first_o &_o the_o rest_n follow_v stand_v behind_o he_o or_o else_o when_o the_o bringer-up_a turn_v his_o face_n about_o and_o he_o that_o stand_v next_o before_o he_o pass_v by_o on_o either_o hand_n be_v place_v again_o next_o before_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n follow_v take_v place_v one_o before_o another_o as_o they_o stand_v till_o the_o file_n leader_n be_v first_o ghiklm_a g_o h_o i_o k_n be_v the_o battle_n before_o the_o countermarch_v i_o k_o l_o m_o the_o battle_n after_o the_o countermarch_v which_o have_v leave_v the_o ground_n it_o stand_v in_o before_o and_o take_v the_o ground_n behind_o it_o the_o flank_n be_v change_v as_o in_o the_o former_a figure_n h_n k_o the_o right_a flank_n to_o k_o m_o the_o left_a and_z g_z i_o the_o left_a flank_n to_o i_o l_o the_o right_a but_o the_o front_n g_o h_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v the_o front_n l_o m_o contrary_a to_o the_o former_a where_o the_o front_n of_o both_o figure_n a_o b_o do_v keep_v still_o one_o place_n the_o word_n of_o command_n file_n countermarch_v and_o loose_v ground_n the_o proceed_n of_o this_o countermarch_v be_v contrare_fw-la to_o the_o former_a for_o the_o macedonian_a take_v the_o ground_n before_o the_o battle_n but_o this_o possess_v the_o ground_n after_o the_o battle_n in_o the_o macedonian_a the_o motion_n be_v from_o the_o rear_n to_o the_o front_n in_o this_o the_o motion_n be_v from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o rear_n the_o macedonian_a seem_v to_o run_v away_o but_o the_o lacedaemonian_a to_o charge_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o macedonian_a by_o 27._o by_o aelian_a tact._n c._n 27._o aelian_a because_o say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o make_v a_o show_n of_o fall_v on_o the_o enemy_n appear_v behind_o whereas_o the_o macedonian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o make_v a_o semblance_n to_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o fly_v away_o neverhelesse_o in_o some_o case_n the_o macedonian_a be_v of_o great_a use_n as_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o gain_v some_o ground_n of_o advantage_n or_o else_o when_o you_o desire_v to_o march_v on_o &_o not_o give_v battle_n for_o by_o it_o you_o do_v noways_o hinder_v your_o march_n but_o continue_v the_o same_o &_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n may_v make_v your_o musquetier_n give_v fire_n upon_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o you_o both_o march_n &_o fight_v but_o the_o lace_a emonian_n fall_v on_o upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o interupt_v the_o march_n 6.605_o march_n zenephon_n bistor_n grec_fw-la lib._n 6.605_o agesilaus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n seem_v to_o have_v use_v this_o countermarch_v when_o he_o make_v his_o army_n to_o march_v out_o of_o the_o strait_n of_o mantinaea_n perceive_v that_o his_o enemy_n be_v to_o charge_v his_o rear_n from_o the_o hill_n he_o make_v his_o reare-guarde_n to_o countermarch_v and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o strait_n himself_o stay_v last_o with_o the_o avantguarde_n the_o examine_v 4.519_o examine_v zenoph_n hist_o grec_fw-la lib._n 4.519_o agesilaus_n have_v embattel_v his_o troop_n at_o coronea_n against_o the_o theban_n himself_o have_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o phalanx_n &_o put_v the_o argive_n on_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o theban_a army_n to_o flight_n but_o the_o theban_n have_v beat_v the_o orchemenians_n who_o be_v upon_o his_o left_a wing_n force_v a_o passage_n through_o they_o to_o the_o baggage_n which_o he_o understanding_n do_v present_o countermarch_v his_o phalanx_n &_o lead_v against_o they_o where_o after_o a_o fnrious_a chocke_n he_o kill_v many_o of_o they_o and_o many_o flee_v away_o to_o helicon_n after_o their_o confederate_n the_o persian_a or_o cretan_a countermarch_v use_v by_o the_o persian_n and_o cretan_n be_v also_o call_v chorean_n from_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o grecian_a dance_n which_o â—he_v dancer_n call_v chorus_n use_v for_o they_o order_v themselves_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n and_o dance_v one_o through_o another_o keep_v the_o same_o bound_n of_o the_o place_n this_o countermarch_v be_v describe_v by_o 27._o by_o aelian_a tact._n c._n 27._o aelian_a in_o those_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o chorean_a be_v when_o the_o file-leader_n turn_v to_o the_o pick_n or_o the_o target_n precee_v the_o file_n the_o rest_n follow_v till_o the_o leader_n have_v get_v the_o place_n of_o the_o bringer-up_a &_o the_o bringer_n up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o leader_n the_o bedie_n move_v joynthie_a together_o so_o that_o this_o countermarch_v maintain_v and_o keep_v the_o examine_v grind_v the_o battle_n stand_v in_o and_o this_o be_v our_o modern_a countermarch_v which_o we_o use_v in_o our_o exercease_n nopq_fw-fr you_o see_v the_o figure_n n_o o_fw-fr p_o q_o where_o the_o file-leader_n of_o every_o file_n with_o their_o next_o follower_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o first_o two_o rank_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o have_v begin_v to_o countermarch_v and_o be_v in_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o file_n so_o that_o the_o two_o last_o of_o every_o file_n that_o be_v the_o 10._o and_o 9_o rank_n have_v march_v up_o with_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o front_n n_o o._n and_o have_v leave_v the_o place_n of_o the_o rear_n p_o q_n so_o much_o void_a as_o the_o first_o two_o rank_n have_v march_v through_o the_o file_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o front_n so_o that_o the_o file-leader_n shall_v march_v until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringers-up_a p_o q._n and_o the_o bringer_n up_o till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o file_n leader_n n_o o._n and_o there_o do_v stand_v and_o face_n about_o with_o the_o rest_n captain_n 28._o captain_n bingam_fw-la in_o his_o note_n upon_o aelian_o tact._n c._n 28._o bingam_n express_v this_o motion_n more_o livelie_a by_o figure_n of_o arm_a pickeman_n the_o word_n of_o command_n file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_v file_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_v our_o word_n of_o command_n be_v string_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n countermarch_v string_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n countermarch_v because_o this_o chorean_a countermarch_v be_v that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o our_o exercease_n do_v how_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o countermarch_v be_v do_v i_o will_v show_v you_o how_o the_o motion_n be_v perform_v if_o the_o word_n of_o command_n be_v to_o countermarch_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n than_o all_o the_o file-leader_n at_o one_o instant_a stepe_v forward_o with_o the_o right_a leg_n and_o bring_v about_o their_o left_a leg_n turn_v their_o body_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o so_o march_v down_o through_o the_o file_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringers-up_a where_o they_o shall_v stand_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v the_o file-leader_n must_v not_o offer_v to_o turn_v before_o they_o have_v come_v up_o to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o file-leader_n if_o the_o command_n be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n then_o the_o file-leader_n must_v step_v forward_o with_o the_o left_a leg_n and_o bring_v about_o the_o right_a leg_n turn_v their_o body_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n &_o march_v down_o as_o the_o former_a the_o figure_n n_o o_fw-fr p_o qui_fw-fr show_v a_o countermarch_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n by_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o understand_v for_o if_o you_o make_v the_o file-leader_n to_o turn_v towards_o n_n p._n which_o you_o see_v now_o turn_v towards_o o_fw-la q._n it_o shall_v be_v a_o countermarch_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v this_o chorean_a countermarch_v whereof_o the_o emperor_n 65._o emperor_n leo_fw-la tact._n c._n 12_o §_o 65._o lee_n speak_v give_v this_o word_n of_o command_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o motion_n of_o countermarch_v that_o cuerie_n follower_n remark_n his_o leader_n and_o his_o right_a hand_n man_n that_o by_o they_o he_o may_v keep_v a_o due_a distance_n for_o otherwise_o the_o least_o disorder_n in_o this_o motion_n will_v breed_v a_o confusion_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n observe_v also_o that_o this_o motion_n of_o countermarch_v not_o be_v do_v but_o at_o open_a order_n also_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v practise_v when_o the_o enemy_n be_v near_a hand_n for_o if_o the_o enemy_n shall_v sudden_o charge_v a_o battle_n while_o it_o be_v counterraarch_v he_o shall_v assure_o overthrow_v it_o so_o that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o best_a expedient_a be_v to_o face_n about_o your_o battle_n the_o use_n of_o countermarch_v of_o file_n be_v if_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o rear_n and_o come_v to_o charge_v you_o
or_o contubernium_fw-la the_o leader_n of_o it_o decanus_n decurio_fw-la or_o caput_fw-la contubernii_fw-la the_o deipth_n of_o a_o file_n according_a to_o our_o modern_a discipline_n be_v 10._o howsover_v the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o italian_n make_v it_o incertain_a for_o the_o deipth_n of_o 10._o be_v think_v a_o sufficient_a thickness_n to_o receive_v all_o charge_n every_o man_n in_o his_o file_n be_v place_v according_a to_o his_o worth_n and_o dignity_n the_o first_o man_n in_o dignity_n be_v first_o in_o place_n and_o be_v call_v by_o 71._o by_o leo_fw-la tac._n cap._n 4._o §_o 71._o leo_n and_o 5._o and_o aelian_a tac._n cap._n 5._o aelian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o leader_n or_o forestander_n he_o have_v commandment_n over_o his_o file_n &_o see_v that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o do_v their_o duty_n both_o in_o march_n and_o fight_n and_o in_o exercease_n as_o he_o move_v and_o turn_v so_o must_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o file_n do_v the_o second_o man_n in_o dignity_n be_v last_o in_o place_n and_o be_v call_v ibid._n call_v leo_n and_o aelian_a ibid._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bringer-up_a or_o reare-commander_n he_o have_v command_v over_o the_o file_n next_o unto_o the_o leader_n and_o see_v that_o those_o before_o he_o keep_v a_o right_a line_n the_o three_o and_o four_o dignity_n be_v in_o the_o 5._o and_o 6._o place_n and_o they_o be_v call_v middle-man_n the_o one_o middle-man_n to_o the_o front_n the_o other_o middle-man_n to_o the_o rear_n the_o fist_n sixth_o and_o seven_o dignity_n be_v in_o the_o 2.9_o &_o 4._o place_n the_o eight_o nine_o and_o ten_o dignity_n in_o the_o 7.3_o and_o 8._o place_n as_o this_o table_n show_v number_n of_o place_n  _fw-fr number_n of_o dignity_n 1._o 0._o leader_n 1._o 2_o  _fw-fr 5._o 3._o  _fw-fr 6_o 4_o  _fw-fr 7._o 5._o 0._o middleman_n 3_o to_o the_o front_n 6._o 0._o middleman_n 4._o to_o the_o rear_n 7._o  _fw-fr 8._o 8_o  _fw-fr 10._o 9_o  _fw-fr 6._o 10._o 0._o bringer-up_a 2._o join_v of_o file_n produce_v rank_n which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o if_o you_o jone_n 6._o file_n or_o 8._o file_n together_o you_o make_v 6._o man_n or_o 8._o man_n in_o a_o rank_n and_o the_o more_o file_n you_o join_v the_o more_o you_o extend_v the_o length_n of_o your_o battle_n for_o as_o the_o file_n measure_v the_o deipth_n or_o thickness_n so_o do_v the_o rank_a the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n those_o who_o be_v in_o one_o file_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d leader_n and_o follower_n those_o of_o one_o rank_n be_v call_v rank_n of_o rank_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o sideman_n a_o rank_n than_o be_v a_o row_n of_o man_n stand_v one_o by_o another_o in_o a_o right_a line_n shoulder_n to_o shoulder_n or_o as_o aelian_a describe_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o the_o sideman_n bear_v straight_o forth_o in_o length_n the_o length_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o it_o be_v the_o dimension_n of_o the_o battle_n from_o the_o one_o wing_n or_o flank_n to_o the_o other_o the_o deipth_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o it_o be_v the_o dimension_n of_o the_o battle_n from_o the_o front_n to_o the_o rear_n the_o first_o rank_n be_v a_o row_n of_o file_n leader_n and_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d frons_fw-la acies_fw-la the_o front_n the_o last_o rank_n be_v a_o row_n of_o bringers-up_a and_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d cauda_fw-la the_o rear_n as_o man_n in_o their_o file_n be_v place_v according_a to_o their_o worth_n so_o be_v the_o file_n rank_v in_o the_o battle_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n the_o first_o place_n of_o dignity_n have_v the_o file_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n which_o be_v the_o right_a flank_n the_o second_o place_n have_v the_o file_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o be_v the_o left_a flank_n be_v the_o ten_o if_o there_o be_v only_o 10._o in_o rank_n the_o three_o and_o four_o dignitic_n have_v the_o 5._o and_o 6._o file_n which_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o rank_n the_o five_o sixth_o and_o seven_o dignity_n have_v the_o 2.9_o and_o 4._o file_n the_o eight_o nine_o and_o ten_o dignity_n have_v the_o 7.3_o and_o 8._o file_n lief_a flank_n number_n of_o place_n right_o flank_n 10._o 9_o 8._o 7._o 6._o 5._o 4._o 3._o 2_o 1._o 0._o 1._o 1._o 1._o 0._o 0._o 1._o 1._o 1._o 0._o 2._o 6._o 10._o 8._o 4._o 3._o 7._o 9_o 5._o 1._o number_n of_o dignity_n count_n mansfeilde_n his_o discourse_n in_o this_o vari_v from_o his_o table_n 32._o c._n man_n in_o his_o direct_a of_o war_n pag._n 31._o &_o 32._o every_o man_n in_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v leader_n of_o a_o file_n every_o man_n in_o the_o first_o file_n be_v leader_n of_o a_o rank_n abcd_a this_o figure_n a_o b_o c_o d_o show_v you_o the_o distinction_n and_o disposition_n of_o rank_n and_o file_n a._n b_o be_v the_o front_n c._n d._n the_o rear_n b._n d._n the_o right_a flank_n a_o c_o the_o left_a flank_n the_o 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legion_n their_o principes_fw-la soldier_n of_o better_a worth_n in_o the_o middle_n their_o triarii_n the_o old_a soldier_n and_o of_o great_a valour_n in_o the_o rear_n who_o be_v not_o to_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n till_o the_o former_a have_v be_v beat_a or_o retire_v of_o distance_n tit._n 3._o soldier_n be_v arm_v and_o put_v in_o a_o body_n they_o must_v then_o know_v their_o distance_n for_o all_o rank_n ought_v to_o be_v parallel_v one_o to_o another_o as_o also_o file_n and_o therefore_o a_o soldier_n chief_a care_n shall_v be_v to_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o his_o leader_n &_o his_o sideman_n that_o he_o may_v keep_v a_o equal_a distance_n both_o in_o his_o rank_n and_o file_n for_o not_o keep_v of_o distance_n breed_v confusion_n and_o ofttimes_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o a_o battle_n and_o too_o much_o throng_v together_o make_v a_o soldier_n unable_a to_o use_v his_o arm_n too_o much_o stand_v remove_v weaken_v the_o battle_n and_o make_v way_n to_o the_o enemy_n to_o break_v it_o as_o 26._o as_o veget._n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 26._o vegetius_n pertinentlie_o admonish_v nec_fw-la ultra_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la expeditant_a conglobent_fw-la agmen_fw-la aut_fw-la laxent_fw-la nam_fw-la constipati_fw-la perdunt_fw-la spatia_fw-la pugnandi_fw-la &_o sibi_fw-la in_o vicem_fw-la impedimento_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o rariores_fw-la atque_fw-la interlucentes_fw-la aditum_fw-la perrumpendi_fw-la hostibus_fw-la praestant_fw-la wherefore_o due_a distance_n be_v the_o midst_n betwixt_o those_o extremity_n distance_n than_o in_o our_o modern_a discipline_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a commanader_n be_v three_o first_o second_o and_o three_o distance_n or_o open_a order_n order_n and_o close_a order_n open_v order_n or_o first_o distance_n be_v when_o your_o man_n both_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n stand_v remove_v six_o foot_n from_o another_o this_o distance_n contain_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 4._o cubit_n in_o square_a at_o this_o distance_n you_o be_v to_o exercise_v your_o company_n order_n or_o second_o distance_n be_v when_o they_o stand_v remove_v 3._o foot_n both_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n one_o from_o anothere_o this_o distance_n be_v use_v when_o you_o embattell_v your_o troop_n and_o lead_v they_o against_o the_o enemy_n or_o when_o you_o come_v to_o stand_v or_o mean_n to_o wheal_n the_o body_n this_o distance_n be_v call_v of_o the_o 11._o the_o aelian_a tact._n c._n 11._o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d densatio_n and_o take_v up_o 2._o cubit_n that_o be_v three_o foot_n as_o the_o former_a do_v 4._o cubit_n for_o a_o cubite_fw-la be_v a_o
file_n of_o the_o body_n and_o in_o this_o double_n the_o half_a file_n march_v out_o from_o the_o body_n breed_v no_o disorder_n nor_o disturbance_n at_o all_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_n bring_v up_o fresh_a aide_n upon_o the_o flank_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o will_v affright_v he_o no_o less_o than_o if_o a_o new_a battalion_n werecom_v to_o charge_v he_o last_o it_o be_v more_o conducible_a for_o the_o use_n of_o double_v which_o you_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o see_v it_o extend_v more_o the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o keep_v it_o more_o from_o overwinging_a than_o any_o other_o double_v for_o if_o the_o enemy_n come_v upon_o you_o with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v a_o overw_a battle_n mind_v to_o encompass_v either_o of_o your_o flank_n by_o this_o motion_n you_o may_v handsome_o rencontre_v he_o for_o if_o it_o be_v your_o right_a flank_n which_o he_o persewe_v you_o ought_v to_o use_v the_o double_a enteare_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n a._n b._n c._n if_o it_o be_v the_o left_a flank_n you_o be_v to_o use_v the_o double_a enteare_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n d._n e._n f._n but_o if_o he_o come_v upon_o you_o with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v a_o over-fronting_a battle_n mind_v to_o encompass_v both_o your_o wing_n than_o you_o be_v to_o use_v the_o double_n to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v by_o division_n g._n h._n i._o k._n so_o that_o by_o this_o motion_n you_o be_v ready_a to_o resist_v all_o his_o attempe_n 5._o attempe_n capt._n bing_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o aelian_a tac._n c._n 29._o §_o 3._o &_o 5._o captain_n bingam_n who_o learning_n and_o understand_v in_o the_o airte_n militar_n be_v sufficient_o know_v do_v allow_v of_o this_o motion_n and_o commend_v it_o above_o the_o other_o do_v ublinge_n the_o illustrious_a war_n illustrious_a count_n mansfielde_n in_o his_o direction_n of_o war_n count_n mansfield_n himself_o who_o authority_n be_v sufficient_a to_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o 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the_o reach_n of_o their_o understanding_n there_o be_v yet_o other_o doubling_n of_o rank_n as_o namely_o by_o countermarch_v which_o 7.9.84_o which_o leo_fw-la tac_n c._n 7.9.84_o leo_n describe_v in_o those_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o i_o have_v see_v it_o oft_o practise_v by_o the_o english_a it_o be_v thus_o do_v the_o captain_n command_v the_o file_n to_o countermarch_a to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a what_o countermarch_v be_v you_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o then_o the_o file-leader_n begin_v to_o turn_v and_o the_o rest_n follow_v they_o they_o march_v down_o through_o the_o file_n till_o the_o leader_n be_v in_o evin_a rank_n with_o the_o bringers-up_a then_o present_o he_o command_v they_o to_o halt_v or_o stand_v so_o that_o the_o last_o five_o rank_n be_v face_v to_o the_o front_n and_o the_o first_o five_o to_o the_o rear_n the_o captain_n then_o if_o he_o will_v have_v the_o battle_n front_v as_o it_o be_v he_o command_v the_o first_o five_o rank_n to_o face_n about_o to_o he_o which_o do_v they_o shall_v all_o have_v their_o face_n direct_v one_o way_n towards_o the_o front_n but_o if_o he_o please_v to_o turn_v the_o aspect_n of_o his_o whole_a battle_n towards_o the_o rear_n he_o command_v thou_o rear_n division_n or_o last_o five_o rank_n to_o face_n about_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a battle_n shall_v be_v face_v about_o to_o the_o rear_n this_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n against_o a_o enemy_n come_v to_o charge_v your_o rear_n and_o to_o encompass_v you_o for_o by_o this_o motion_n in_o a_o instant_n you_o both_o double_a the_o length_n of_o your_o battle_n and_o bring_v your_o best_a man_n to_o receive_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o be_v the_o use_n which_o the_o emperor_n 7._o emperor_n leo._n tact._n §_o c._n 7._o leo_n make_v of_o this_o motion_n who_o be_v the_o breave_v commander_n of_o his_o time_n and_o who_o for_o his_o exquisite_a knowledge_n in_o the_o art_n military_a be_v bring_v to_o 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tact._n c._n 14._o §_o 69._o leo_n and_o also_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d describe_v by_o 8._o by_o aelian_a tact._n c._n 8._o aelian_a or_o yet_o be_v insert_v between_o the_o file_n of_o the_o arm_a man_n as_o in_o the_o 30._o the_o aeiian_a tact._n c._n 30._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d how_o can_v the_o light_n arm_v i_o say_v and_o chief_o archer_n do_v any_o service_n how_o can_v they_o do_v any_o harm_n to_o their_o e_z nemy_n without_o endamnadge_v their_o own_o phalanx_n or_o maniple_n the_o doubt_n be_v alike_o and_o yet_o the_o ancient_n many_o time_n be_v accustom_v to_o use_v this_o form_n of_o embattel_v there_o be_v no_o question_n then_o but_o our_o pickman_n with_o their_o bow_n may_v do_v the_o same_o execution_n as_o do_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o velite_n yea_o in_o this_o respect_n they_o have_v a_o great_a advantage_n above_o their_o archer_n see_v they_o have_v to_o shoot_v 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after_o he_o have_v give_v command_n to_o renew_v the_o practice_n of_o archery_n he_o subjune_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mean_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o neglect_n of_o archery_n have_v bring_v great_a skaith_n and_o damnage_n to_o the_o roman_a army_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o by_o this_o weapon_n the_o 20._o the_o veget._n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi milit_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 20._o goth_n do_v subdue_v the_o roman_n &_o exstirpat_fw-la their_o empire_n by_o this_o weapon_n in_o leate_a time_n the_o english_a do_v ever_o overthrow_v the_o french_a cavalry_n &_o thereby_o obtain_v many_o great_a and_o famous_a victory_n as_o those_o of_o cressi_n poitiers_n again_o court_n and_o other_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o military_a yard_n at_o london_n be_v teach_v to_o use_v a_o musqueton_n or_o demi_a musket_n with_o their_o pick_n which_o hang_v about_o their_o neck_n in_o a_o belt_n like_o a_o carabine_n be_v two_o foot_n in_o length_n 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man_n in_o the_o battle_n shall_v patient_o stand_v as_o a_o mark_n to_o the_o enemy_n shot_n and_o thereby_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n before_o they_o come_v to_o hand_n musquetier_n of_o the_o exercise_v of_o musquetier_n this_o exercise_n of_o pickeman_n with_o the_o bow_n and_o half_a musket_n i_o have_v not_o else_o whereseene_v except_o in_o the_o forname_v place_n but_o the_o exercise_v of_o musquetier_n be_v ordinary_a everywhere_a the_o musquetier_v most_o common_o be_v place_v in_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n although_o upon_o occasron_n the_o commander_n sometime_o will_v place_v they_o in_o the_o front_n sometime_o in_o the_o rear_n sometime_o make_v plotton_n of_o they_o or_o troop_n of_o reserve_v musquetier_n than_o be_v to_o be_v exercise_v and_o teach_v to_o give_v fire_n three_o manner_n of_o way_n in_o the_o front_n in_o the_o rear_n in_o the_o flank_n by_o the_o first_o they_o give_v fire_n advance_v upon_o
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