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rank_n of_o the_o right_n double_a the_o depth_n of_o your_o left_a flank_n entire_a 11._o command_n half_n file_n double_v your_o front_n inward_a entire_a direction_n front_n half_a file_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n and_o march_v until_o they_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o rear_n half_a file_n then_o face_n they_o to_o their_o leader_n and_o stand_v then_o let_v the_o rear_v half_a file_n march_v up_o even_o into_o the_o front_n to_o reduce_v they_o half_n file_n upon_o the_o entire_a motion_n face_n about_o and_o march_v front_v half_a file_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a and_o close_o your_o division_n or_o rear_v half_a file_n double_v the_o depth_n of_o your_o front_n half_a file_n entire_a face_n all_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a and_o close_v your_o division_n
to_o the_o left_a and_o the_o rear_n half_a file_n file_v three_o to_o the_o right_n face_n all_o to_o your_o leader_n and_o close_v your_o division_n 4._o command_n file_n file_v to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v by_o division_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n the_o file_n leader_n of_o each_o flank_n march_v away_o with_o your_o file_n until_o they_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o body_n than_o the_o next_o file_n leader_n from_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v be_v to_o fall_v in_o after_o the_o bringer_n up_o of_o the_o first_o moveant_n until_o the_o body_n become_v two_o file_n upon_o each_o wing_n to_o reduce_v they_o command_n file_v leader_n lead_v up_o your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a or_o file_n file_v six_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a 5._o command_n file_n file_v inward_a into_o the_o right_n and_o left_a flank_n by_o division_n figure_n 5._o you_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v this_o by_o the_o direction_n for_o the_o three_o command_n but_o to_o perform_v this_o 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proceed_v to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o inversion_n which_o be_v of_o rank_n sil_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o which_o observe_v that_o in_o all_o these_o motion_n your_o file_n be_v to_o be_v at_o their_o order_n or_o otherwise_o as_o may_v be_v think_v most_o convenient_a and_o their_o rank_n to_o be_v open_v either_o forward_o or_o backward_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commander_n but_o at_o twice_o double_a distance_n or_o more_o as_o may_v be_v require_v to_o his_o number_n of_o man_n the_o distance_n be_v set_v let_v every_o rank_n move_v according_a to_o command_v 8._o command_n rank_n file_n to_o the_o right_n place_v yourselves_o before_o your_o right_a hand_n man_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n the_o right_a hand_n man_n of_o each_o rank_n be_v to_o stand_v the_o rest_n be_v to_o move_v forward_o with_o their_o right_a leg_n and_o so_o place_n themselves_o before_o their_o right_a hand_n man_n 8._o figure_n te_fw-la reduce_v they_o command_n file_n rank_a 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of_o the_o left_a hand_n man_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_n file_n rank_a twelve_o to_o the_o left_a or_o rank_n as_o you_o be_v 6._o aelian_a tact._n ch._n 30._o p._n 6._o 10._o command_n rank_n file_n to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v by_o division_n the_o two_o former_a be_v direction_n enough_o for_o this_o and_o may_v also_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o two_o former_a either_o before_o their_o right_a hand_n man_n or_o otherwise_o to_o reduce_v this_o command_n file_n convert_v into_o rank_n as_o you_o be_v or_o file_n rank_a to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a as_o you_o be_v or_o file_n rank_a twelve_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a this_o figure_n as_o by_o the_o note_n of_o captain_n bingham_n have_v be_v of_o great_a use_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o judge_v by_o our_o ingenious_a artist_n not_o to_o be_v slight_v by_o we_o for_o the_o avoidance_n of_o the_o great_a ordinance_n or_o shower_n of_o small_a shot_n in_o city_n i_o have_v see_v it_o often_o use_v for_o lodging_n of_o the_o colour_n it_o be_v also_o a_o large_a interval_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o any_o honourable_a person_n some_o may_v dislike_v in_o this_o last_o inversion_n of_o rank_n file_v because_o there_o be_v a_o promiscuous_a mixture_n of_o arm_n this_o may_v be_v easy_o prevent_v by_o bring_v both_o division_n of_o musquetteer_n into_o the_o front_n of_o pike_n or_o otherwise_o upon_o a_o march_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commander_n there_o yet_o remain_v divers_a word_n of_o command_n of_o rank_n file_v conversion_n vide_fw-la conversion_n by_o wheel_v your_o rank_n into_o the_o right_a flank_n or_o into_o both_o flank_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o prolixity_n of_o they_o have_v make_v i_o to_o abbreviate_v and_o be_v more_o out_o of_o curiosity_n than_o of_o necessity_n i_o have_v show_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o inversion_n both_o in_o file_n and_o rank_n and_o have_v demonstrate_v they_o by_o their_o figure_n so_o many_o as_o i_o conceive_v may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o many_o i_o have_v hear_v to_o use_v the_o word_n inversion_n to_o some_o of_o the_o precedent_n command_v but_o i_o think_v it_o very_o convenient_a to_o be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o exercising_n of_o our_o rural_a militia_n it_o be_v a_o word_n not_o suitable_a to_o a_o rustic_a capacity_n and_o a_o word_n that_o may_v be_v spare_v chap._n xiii_o of_o conversion_n and_o the_o several_a part_n thereof_o conversion_n i_o have_v declare_v to_o consist_v of_o a_o rank_n or_o rank_n and_o that_o be_v perform_v either_o by_o 1._o increase_v of_o file_n rank_v by_o even_o or_o vneven_a part_n 2._o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o file_n rank_v by_o uneven_a part_n 3._o file_n rank_v entire_a into_o the_o front_n and_o wheel_v into_o the_o same_o 4._o rank_n rank_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a 5._o wheel_v into_o both_o flank_n and_o of_o these_o i_o shall_v declare_v unto_o you_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o may_v that_o your_o delight_n in_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o they_o may_v not_o be_v neglect_v by_o the_o least_o obscurity_n now_o the_o reason_n that_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v most_o with_o figure_n be_v that_o the_o young_a soldier_n may_v see_v how_o many_o command_v produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o figure_n their_o difference_n be_v only_o in_o quality_n and_o not_o in_o quantity_n 1._o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o file_n rank_v by_o even_a part_n that_o be_v when_o they_o rank_v two_o three_o or_o four_o keep_v the_o same_o number_n in_o rank_n all_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a proportion_n and_o if_o more_o what_o be_v want_v to_o make_v up_o the_o rank_n in_o the_o command_n must_v be_v make_v good_a by_o the_o next_o rank_n 1._o command_n file_n rank_a three_o to_o the_o right_n observe_v
perform_v it_o outward_o command_n the_o first_o rank_n to_o stand_v the_o rest_n to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n the_o second_o rank_n to_o advance_v clear_a of_o the_o first_o and_o then_o to_o move_v forth_o even_o with_o the_o front_n in_o breast_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n successive_o do_v the_o same_o until_o they_o be_v all_o even_a with_o the_o front_n in_o one_o entire_a rank_n to_o reduce_v this_o rank_n as_o you_o be_v or_o the_o first_o 12_o or_o 12_o middlemost_a stand_n the_o rest_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o the_o second_o to_o move_v into_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n the_o three_o into_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o and_o successive_o the_o rest_n into_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o remainder_n and_o be_v face_v to_o their_o leader_n and_o even_o in_o their_o rank_n they_o be_v reduce_v 2._o to_o perform_v it_o inward_o command_n rank_n rank_a inward_a into_o the_o front_n to_o produce_v it_o the_o first_o rank_n to_o move_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n and_o so_o to_o keep_v move_v or_o open_v then_o the_o second_o rank_n be_v to_o advance_v into_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o be_v then_o to_o move_v with_o the_o first_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n then_o the_o three_o be_v to_o advance_v into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n so_o all_o be_v to_o do_v until_o the_o last_o rank_n be_v advance_v entire_a into_o the_o front_n to_o reduce_v this_o the_o first_o six_o upon_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v hand_n stand_v then_o command_v rank_n rank_n six_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n and_o close_o your_o division_n last_o the_o conversion_n of_o rank_n by_o wheel_v into_o the_o flank_n 14._o command_n rank_n wheel_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v into_o the_o right_a flank_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n every_o particular_a rank_n to_o be_v at_o double_a distance_n in_o rank_n and_o at_o close_a order_n in_o file_n then_o wheel_v they_o to_o their_o right_a hand_n until_o they_o have_v bring_v their_o face_n or_o aspect_n unto_o the_o right_a flank_n after_o you_o may_v face_n they_o to_o the_o front_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_n file_n rank_a twelve_o to_o the_o right_n the_o first_o man_n be_v to_o stand_v the_o rest_n be_v to_o move_v forward_o to_o the_o right_a successive_o twelve_o in_o rank_n but_o if_o you_o wheel_v they_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n into_o the_o right_a flank_n you_o must_v command_v they_o to_o face_n about_o and_o wheel_v your_o rank_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n until_o their_o face_n or_o aspect_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o right_a flank_n 15._o command_n rank_n of_o your_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n wheel_n outward_o to_o your_o right_a flank_n i_o shall_v put_v in_o execution_n but_o two_o rank_n one_o in_o the_o front_n half_a file_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o rear_n half_a file_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o demonstration_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n rank_n open_v all_o to_o your_o twice_o double_a distance_n then_o front_v half_a file_n wheel_n to_o the_o right_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n wheel_n to_o the_o left_a and_o face_n to_o your_o leader_n to_o reduce_v they_o command_n front_n half_a file_n rank_a twelve_o to_o the_o right_n rear_v half_a file_n rank_a twelve_o to_o the_o left_a face_n to_o your_o leader_n march_v up_o and_o close_v forward_o to_o your_o due_a distance_n 16._o command_n rank_n of_o your_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n wheel_n inward_o into_o your_o right_a flank_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n march_v clear_a to_o your_o twice_o double_a distance_n front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n face_n about_o front_n half_a file_n wheel_v your_o rank_n to_o the_o left_a and_o rear_v half_a file_n wheel_v your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n face_n to_o your_o leader_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_n front_n half_a file_n rank_a twelve_o to_o the_o left_a rear_v half_a file_n face_n about_o and_o rank_v twelve_o to_o the_o right_n face_n to_o your_o leader_n and_o close_v your_o division_n 17._o command_n rank_n rank_n to_o each_o flank_n by_o wheel_v to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v into_o the_o same_o by_o division_n or_o rank_n wheel_n to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v by_o division_n into_o both_o flank_n advance_v or_o place_v themselves_o before_o their_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n man_n observe_v they_o be_v to_o be_v at_o double_a distance_n in_o rank_n and_o at_o order_n in_o file_n figure_n 17._o to_o reduce_v they_o command_v they_o to_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o wheel_n into_o their_o place_n or_o file_n rank_a twelve_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a into_o the_o rear_n and_o close_v they_o to_o their_o order_n then_o face_n they_o to_o their_o leader_n but_o if_o you_o will_v avoid_v mixture_n of_o arm_n you_o may_v place_v all_o your_o musquetteer_n either_o in_o front_n and_o rear_n or_o else_o wheel_n only_o the_o musquetteer_n first_o and_o leave_v the_o pike_n stand_v or_o else_o it_o may_v be_v perform_v in_o march_v and_o then_o the_o reducement_n be_v rank_n as_o you_o be_v 18._o command_n rank_n of_o your_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n wheel_n outward_o to_o your_o right_n and_o left_a flank_n by_o division_n they_o be_v to_o observe_v the_o same_o distance_n as_o in_o the_o former_a to_o perform_v this_o command_n half_n file_n face_n about_o rank_n open_a to_o your_o double_a distance_n than_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n wheel_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n into_o both_o flank_n figure_n 18._o to_o reduce_v this_o command_n who_o be_v face_v to_o their_o leader_n front_n half_a file_n face_n to_o the_o rear_n rank_n twelve_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o and_o rear_v half_a file_n face_n about_o and_o rank_v twelve_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a file_n close_o to_o the_o midst_n to_o your_o order_n face_n to_o your_o leader_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o make_v file-leader_n successive_o both_o of_o number_n and_o place_n in_o a_o file_n and_o so_o for_o a_o whole_a body_n also_o the_o sweedish_a mode_n also_o as_o i_o have_v stint_v myself_o to_o a_o set_a number_n of_o file_n so_o i_o have_v also_o to_o a_o set_a number_n in_o a_o file_n not_o exceed_v six_o be_v according_a to_o our_o present_a mode_n of_o discipline_n for_o if_o i_o have_v go_v to_o a_o various_a number_n in_o file_n and_o add_v two_o to_o each_o file_n my_o figure_n have_v be_v more_o delightful_a to_o some_o spectator_n other_o i_o hope_v will_v find_v enough_o in_o this_o to_o qualify_v or_o make_v they_o fit_a to_o do_v their_o king_n and_o country_n service_n etc._n etc._n and_o now_o the_o souldery_n have_v march_v sometime_o together_o and_o so_o love_v be_v soldier_n indeed_o by_o reason_n of_o such_o experience_n as_o they_o have_v attain_v unto_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o military_a art_n that_o each_o leader_n be_v willing_a his_o follower_n shall_v take_v his_o place_n which_o be_v a_o great_a encouragement_n to_o a_o ingenious_a soldier_n this_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v slight_v because_o it_o be_v profitable_a to_o a_o commander_n to_o bring_v what_o rank_n he_o please_v to_o lead_v in_o the_o front_n and_o to_o exchange_v they_o again_o and_o at_o last_o to_o bring_v the_o proper_a file-leader_n into_o their_o place_n beside_o the_o encouragement_n it_o have_v in_o private_a exercise_n it_o make_v man_n studious_a whereby_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o command_v in_o their_o respective_a file_n when_o they_o be_v become_v leader_n in_o the_o first_o place_n take_v these_o short_a command_n to_o produce_v they_o as_o follow_v command_v 1_o a_o file-leader_n 2._o rank_n two_o to_o the_o left_a and_o file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a 3._o countermarch_v front_n and_o rear_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o face_n to_o that_o part_n which_o be_v the_o rear_n 4._o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n 5._o countermarch_v from_o the_o rear_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o face_n to_o that_o which_o be_v the_o rear_n 6._o file_n rank_a two_o to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a this_o be_v perform_v they_o be_v reduce_v i_o shall_v demonstrate_v by_o table_n the_o succession_n of_o each_o man_n lead_v and_o give_v you_o some_o or_o several_a word_n of_o command_n according_a to_o my_o own_o and_o other_o severally_z that_o shall_v produce_v such_o leader_n into_o his_o place_n as_o they_o shall_v stand_v in_o sequence_n and_o as_o they_o shall_v also_o stand_v in_o their_o respective_a dignity_n the_o front_n and_o stand_n of_o each_o file_n as_o they_o come_v to_o be_v leader_n according_a to_o various_a command_n a_o file_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr
 _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6._o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o  _fw-fr 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o to_o make_v the_o if_o upon_o a_o single_a file_n command_v 5_o 6_o 5_o 2_o 1_o 2_o  _fw-fr 5_o 6_o 1_o 6_o 1_o 2_o 5_o 6_o 1_o 6_o 1_o 2_o 4_o 3_o 1_o 6_o 4_o 3_o  _fw-fr 4_o 3_o 2_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 3_o 4_o 6_o 1_o 3_o 4_o  _fw-fr 3_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 2_o 3_o 4_o  _fw-fr 2_o 1_o 2_o 5_o 6_o 5_o  _fw-fr 2_o 1_o 6_o 1_o 6_o 5_o 2_o 1_o 6_o 1_o 6_o 5_o  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 5_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o  _fw-fr 1_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o this_o i_o see_v july_n 1671._o reducement_n file_v leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n rank_n to_o the_o right_n double_a and_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a rank_n to_o the_o left_a double_a and_o file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o left_a file-leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o place_n themselves_o before_o their_o leader_n half_o double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a rank_n to_o the_o left_a double_a and_o file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a if_o more_o file_n than_o one_o command_n reducement_n file_v rank_n to_o the_o left_a into_o the_o front_n rank_a file_n fix_v to_o the_o left_a file_v rank_n two_o to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a bringers-up_a double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o left_a and_o double_a your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n entire_a advance_n bringers-up_a double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o double_a your_o file_n to_o the_o left_a entire_a advance_n half_o double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o left_a file_v rank_n two_o to_o the_o left_a 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4_o 3_o 5_o 2_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o  _fw-fr 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 1._o a_o 5._o e_fw-la 4._o do_v 3._o c_o 6._o f_o 2._o b_o 1_o 2_o 6_o 5_o 5_o 6_o 2_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 6_o 5_o  _fw-fr 2_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 6_o 5_o 3_o 4_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 1_o 3_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o  _fw-fr 1_o 3_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 1_o 3_o 3_o 1_o 3_o 4_o 1_o 3_o  _fw-fr 3_o 1_o 3_o 4_o 1_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 5_o 6_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 2_o 6_o 5_o 5_o 6_o  _fw-fr 4_o 2_o 6_o 5_o 5_o 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 5_o 6_o 3_o 4_o 4_o 2_o 5_o 6_o 2_o 1_o 4_o 2_o  _fw-fr 5_o 6_o 2_o 1_o 4_o 2_o dignity_n  _fw-fr i_o much_o quastion_v the_o dignity_n of_o this_o how_o ever_o i_o have_v insert_v it_o 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o dignity_n 6_o 5_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o  _fw-fr f_o e_o d_o c_o b_o a_o f_o e_o d_o c_o b_o a_o  _fw-fr reducement_n file_n rank_a two_o to_o the_o left_a file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a bringer_n up_o double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o left_a file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o left_a every_o man_n fall_v behind_o his_o bringer_n up_o half_n file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n file_n double_a to_o the_o left_a entire_a advance_n file_n rank_a two_o to_o the_o right_n file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a bringer_n up_o double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o right_n every_o man_n place_v himself_o before_o his_o leader_n front_n half_a file_n double_v the_o rear_n to_o the_o left_a file_n double_a to_o the_o left_a in_o tire_n advance_v every_o man_n place_v himself_o before_o his_o leader_n half_n file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o left_a file_n double_a to_o the_o right_n entire_a advance_n every_o man_n place_v himself_o before_o his_o leader_n reducement_n rank_n to_o the_o left_a double_a file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a then_o half_a file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n then_o bringer_n up_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n file_v leader_n 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up_o double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n &_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a advance_n &_o place_v yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n countermarch_v front_n and_o rear_n into_o the_o midst_n front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n interchange_v ground_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr n._n 6._o n._n 5._o n._n 4._o n._n 3._o n._n 2._o  _fw-fr n._n 6._o n._n 5._o n_o 4._o n._n 3._o n._n 2._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr n._n 6._o n._n 5._o n._n 4._o n._n 3._o n._n 2._o  _fw-fr chap._n xv._o of_o countermarche_n we_o read_v in_o the_o tactic_n of_o aelian_a of_o three_o kind_n of_o countermarche_n use_v among_o the_o grecian_n and_o persian_n and_o be_v term_v the_o 1._o chorean_n 2._o lacedaemonian_a 3._o macedonian_a countermarche_n there_o be_v another_o countermarch_v that_o be_v of_o use_n in_o our_o modern_a exercise_n and_o be_v term_v the_o bastard_n countermarch_v and_o so_o call_v because_o it_o participate_v some_o time_n of_o one_o and_o some_o time_n of_o another_o but_o always_o of_o two_o and_o may_v in_o many_o respect_n be_v more_o useful_a than_o the_o former_a most_o author_n place_v this_o among_o the_o other_o countermarche_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o alter_v it_o although_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v very_o well_o rank_v among_o the_o doubling_n i_o think_v to_o have_v be_v large_a in_o demonstrate_v the_o several_a nature_n of_o countermarche_n but_o be_v conceive_v of_o all_o motion_n in_o this_o art_n the_o least_o beneficial_a to_o our_o late_a mode_n of_o discipline_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v tedious_a to_o your_o patience_n but_o if_o the_o skilful_a soldier_n will_v put_v they_o into_o practice_n especial_o the_o bastard_n countermarch_v he_o will_v not_o only_o find_v some_o of_o they_o serviceable_a but_o all_o delightful_a in_o private_a exercise_n observe_v the_o chorean_a lacedaemonian_a macedonian_a be_v 1._o maintain_v 2._o lose_v 3._o gain_v ground_n first_o the_o maintain_n of_o ground_n be_v a_o countermarch_v command_v 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term_v a_o macedonian_a countermarch_v in_o all_o which_o there_o be_v countermarching_n of_o file_n rank_n the_o front_n the_o rear_n half_a file_n half_n rank_n and_o these_o may_v all_o be_v perform_v by_o entire_a or_o divisional_a countermarche_n 1._o the_o countermarching_n of_o file_n be_v when_o every_o soldier_n follow_v his_o leader_n 2._o the_o countermarching_n of_o rank_n be_v when_o every_o soldier_n follow_v his_o side_n man_n 3._o the_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n countermarching_n be_v when_o the_o soldier_n shall_v follow_v their_o file_n leader_n or_o bringer_n up_o 4._o the_o countermarching_n of_o half_a rank_n be_v when_o the_o soldier_n shall_v follow_v their_o outside_n man_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n show_v how_o entire_a and_o divisional_a countermarche_n be_v perform_v by_o file_n and_o rank_n 1._o observe_v that_o in_o the_o execution_n hereof_o your_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v at_o six_o foot_n in_o rank_n and_o file_n 2._o when_o you_o 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countermarch_v to_o the_o left_a 3._o command_n countermarch_v your_o front_n and_o rear_n into_o the_o midst_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n half_n file_n face_n about_o and_o turn_v to_o off_o the_o left_a front_n half_a file_n turn_v off_o to_o the_o right_n and_o face_n to_o your_o leader_n you_o may_v reduce_v this_o figure_n by_o do_v the_o same_o over_o again_o or_o else_o by_o any_o other_o divisional_a countermarch_v 4._o command_n front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n countermarch_n to_o the_o 1._o right_a or_o 2._o left_a you_o may_v reduce_v this_o figure_n by_o do_v the_o same_o over_o again_o or_o by_o countermarch_v front_n and_o rear_n into_o the_o midst_n 5._o command_n countermarch_v your_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n to_o right_a and_o leave_v from_o the_o midst_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n front_n half_a file_n face_n about_o and_o turn_v off_o to_o the_o right_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n turn_v off_o to_o your_o left_a then_o face_n to_o your_o leader_n 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except_o it_o be_v when_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v flank_n have_v fight_v that_o then_o the_o reserve_a flank_n may_v come_v into_o service_n also_o you_o may_v reduce_v they_o by_o interchange_v of_o they_o back_o again_o or_o divisional_o to_o countermarch_v their_o flank_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n second_o countermarch_v lofe_v ground_n 1._o command_n file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v hand_n countermarch_v place_v yourselves_o before_o your_o bringer_n up_o to_o perform_v this_o command_n the_o bringer_n up_o to_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n than_o the_o file_n leader_n with_o the_o rest_n successive_o to_o turn_v off_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n he_o stand_v and_o on_o the_o same_o hand_n the_o command_n be_v give_v so_o to_o place_v themselves_o according_o you_o may_v easy_o reduce_v they_o by_o any_o other_o countermarch_v of_o file_n 2._o command_n the_o last_o rank_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o 1._o right_o or_o 2._o leave_v 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this_o command_n the_o left_a hand_n file_v to_o stand_v the_o out_o most_o file_n to_o the_o right_a turn_n about_o to_o the_o right_a as_o to_o make_v his_o aspect_n or_o face_n to_o the_o left_a then_o move_v forward_o until_o he_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o second_o file_n lose_v the_o ground_n he_o stand_v upon_o and_o gain_v it_o again_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o left_a flank_n to_o reduce_v this_o figure_n may_v be_v do_v by_o a_o contrary_a countermarch_v 6._o command_n the_o right_a and_o left_a hand_n file_v upon_o each_o flank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n the_o rest_n pass_v through_o place_v yourselves_o before_o your_o outmost_a file_n face_v observe_v file_n become_v rank_n by_o their_o face_v to_o perform_v this_o command_n the_o right_a hand_n file_n to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o the_o left_a hand_n file_v to_o
the_o left_a and_o then_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n to_o turn_v their_o aspect_n according_o &_o place_v themselves_o before_o their_o right_n &_o left_a hand_n man_n to_o reduce_v they_o command_n they_o to_o countermarch_v to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o command_n front_n if_o they_o be_v face_v to_o the_o proper_a front_n the_o two_o inmost_a file_n to_o stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a and_o close_v their_o division_n 8._o command_n the_o two_o outmost_a file_n of_o each_o flank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o place_n yourselves_o behind_o your_o outside_n man_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n the_o right_a and_o left_a hand_n file_v of_o each_o flank_n face_n inward_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n than_o all_o be_v to_o move_v forward_o and_o to_o place_n themselves_o behind_o their_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n man_n else_o the_o motion_n be_v the_o same_o as_o the_o former_a to_o reduce_v this_o command_n the_o two_o innermost_a file_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n and_o the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o place_v themselves_o behind_o their_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n man_n then_o face_n they_o to_o their_o leader_n now_o if_o it_o be_v the_o commander_n pleasure_n to_o reduce_v they_o by_o any_o other_o word_n of_o command_n it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o precedent_a word_n of_o command_n or_o of_o the_o next_o follow_v or_o of_o any_o other_o divisional_a countermarch_v except_o interchange_v of_o ground_n 8._o command_n the_o outmost_a file_n of_o each_o flank_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o place_n yourselves_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o your_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n man_n leader_n the_o nine_o figure_n be_v the_o same_o as_o this_o if_o face_v to_o their_o leader_n to_o perform_v this_o the_o outmost_a file_n of_o each_o flank_n stand_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n face_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_a and_o so_o pass_v forward_o through_o the_o intervall_n into_o each_o flank_n place_n themselves_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o their_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n man_n to_o reduce_v this_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o any_o of_o the_o forego_n countermarche_n of_o rank_n or_o else_o be_v face_v to_o any_o of_o the_o flank_n than_o the_o rank_n become_v file_n and_o by_o divisional_a countermarche_n of_o file_n you_o may_v reduce_v divisional_a countermarche_n of_o rank_n or_o by_o rank_n file_n only_o some_o face_n must_v be_v observe_v for_o the_o proper_a reducement_n command_n the_o two_o inmost_a rank_n to_o stand_v the_o rest_n to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a and_o so_o march_v into_o their_o place_n 9_o command_n the_o right_a and_o lelft_v hand_n file_n upon_o each_o flank_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o place_n yourselves_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o your_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n man_n follow_v your_o inmost_a file_n observe_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o the_o two_o inmost-file_n be_v to_o be_v first_o in_o motion_n but_o first_o command_n the_o two_o outmost_a file_n of_o each_o flank_n to_o stand_v and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n to_o face_n to_o their_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n so_o move_v away_o first_o from_o the_o midst_n until_o they_o have_v successive_o place_v themselves_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o their_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n man_n you_o may_v close_v their_o file_n into_o the_o midst_n to_o open_a order_n the_o reducement_n of_o the_o eight_o figure_n will_v reduce_v this_o also_o 10._o command_n front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n countermarch_v to_o the_o 1._o right_a or_o 2._o left_a hand_n interchange_v ground_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n half_n file_n to_o face_n about_o and_o turn_v off_o to_o the_o right_n front_v half_a file_n do_v the_o like_a move_v forward_o until_o they_o be_v clear_a one_o of_o a_o other_o six_o foot_n then_o face_n to_o their_o leader_n if_o you_o please_v and_o close_v their_o division_n a_o countermarch_v interchange_v of_o ground_n will_v reduce_v they_o and_o then_o close_o etc._n etc._n 11._o command_n front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n interchange_v ground_n you_o may_v reduce_v this_o interchange_v of_o ground_n as_o they_o be_v or_o by_o some_o other_o word_n of_o command_n three_o countermarch_v to_o gain_v ground_n 1._o command_n the_o file_n leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o 1._o right_a or_o 2._o leave_v and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n the_o command_n be_v so_o plain_a that_o there_o need_v no_o direction_n only_o if_o your_o command_n be_v to_o place_n yourselves_o behind_o your_o leader_n than_o the_o file_n leader_n be_v to_o face_n about_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o execute_v it_o as_o the_o former_a only_o in_o place_v themselves_o they_o be_v to_o turn_v their_o aspect_n behind_o their_o leader_n and_o then_o command_v they_o to_o place_v themselves_o before_o their_o leader_n will_v reduce_v they_o 2._o command_n file_v leader_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o stand_v bringer_n up_o with_o the_o rest_n follow_v they_o pass_z through_z to_o the_o right_n and_o place_n yourselves_o behind_o your_o leader_n face_n to_o your_o leader_n to_o reduce_v this_o you_o may_v do_v it_o by_o the_o same_o command_n or_o by_o the_o first_o command_n 3._o command_n file_v leader_n stand_v and_o the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o 1._o right_o or_o 2._o leave_v place_v yourselves_o before_o your_o file_n leader_n follow_v your_o bringer_n up_o this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o second_o figure_n only_o in_o their_o work_n they_o be_v to_o keep_v their_o aspect_n to_o the_o front_n and_o the_o reducement_n the_o same_o also_o 4._o command_n file_v leader_n and_o half_a file_n leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o file_n leader_n and_o half_a file_n leader_n you_o may_v reduce_v this_o by_o the_o same_o countermarch_v or_o any_o other_o divisional_a countermarch_v 5._o command_n file-leader_n and_o half_a file-leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o place_n yourselves_o behind_o your_o leader_n and_o half_a file-leader_n follow_v your_o bringers-up_a the_o file-leader_n and_o half_a file-leader_n be_v only_o to_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o to_o stand_v the_o motion_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o four_o figure_n but_o in_o take_v their_o place_n they_o be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n the_o reducement_n as_o the_o former_a 6._o command_n file-leader_n and_o half_a file-leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o place_n yourselves_o behind_o your_o leader_n and_o half_a file-leader_n etc._n etc._n i_o need_v not_o demonstrate_v this_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o five_o and_o six_o only_o in_o the_o motion_n they_o be_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n and_o be_v reduce_v as_o the_o former_a 7._o command_n file-leader_n to_o face_n about_o the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o place_n yourselves_o behind_o your_o leader_n and_o bringer_n up_o to_o perform_v this_o command_n the_o first_o rank_n be_v to_o face_n about_o and_o stand_v then_o the_o two_o last_o rank_n from_o the_o rear_n i._n e._n the_o four_o and_o five_o rank_n be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o rear_n and_o move_v all_o etc._n etc._n the_o former_a direction_n upon_o any_o divisional_a countermarch_v will_n reduce_v this_o 8._o command_n the_o outmost_a file_n of_o the_o right_a face_n to_o the_o right_n the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o or_o behind_o your_o right_a hand_n man_n if_o your_o command_n be_v behind_o your_o right_a hand_n man_n than_o the_o right_a hand_n file_n be_v but_o to_o face_n to_o the_o left_a i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o they_o conceive_v they_o of_o no_o great_a use_n you_o may_v reduce_v these_o by_o a_o contrary_a countermarch_v 9_o command_n the_o outmost_a file_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n stand_v and_o the_o right_a hand_n file_n of_o the_o left_a half_a rank_n stand_v and_o the_o rest_n pass_v through_o and_o place_n yourselves_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o your_o right_a hand_n man_n face_n to_o your_o leader_n the_o same_o be_v do_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o if_o you_o place_v they_o before_o their_o left_a hand_n man_n than_o face_n they_o all_o to_o the_o right_n and_o so_o let_v they_o pass_v through_o observe_v the_o
fit_v of_o the_o soldier_n for_o field_n service_n and_o other_o at_o their_o pleasure_n what_o their_o fancy_n may_v guide_v they_o unto_o and_o thus_o i_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o ground_n of_o discipline_n for_o the_o foot_n i_o expect_v censure_n by_o the_o ingenuous_a i_o submit_v to_o a_o correction_n but_o for_o the_o carper_n let_v he_o remain_v in_o his_o own_o mud_n he_o shall_v never_o be_v complemented_a to_o a_o clear_v fountain_n by_o i_o chap._n xvii_o of_o make_v file_n leader_n successive_o both_o in_o number_n and_o place_n in_o a_o file_n six_o in_o depth_n and_o so_o for_o a_o whole_a body_n the_o soldier_n have_v pass_v thus_o many_o day_n exercise_n in_o these_o principle_n of_o art_n military_a and_o now_o each_o soldier_n be_v love_v to_o his_o comrade_n every_o file_n leader_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o file_n be_v willing_a that_o their_o file_n shall_v successive_o demonstrate_v some_o experience_n as_o they_o have_v attain_v unto_o in_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o which_o will_v prove_v a_o great_a encouragement_n to_o the_o ingenious_a also_o it_o be_v profitable_a to_o a_o commander_n to_o bring_v what_o rank_n he_o please_v into_o the_o front_n and_o to_o exchange_v they_o and_o to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o proper_a file_n leader_n a_o file_n to_o be_v make_v file_n leader_n successive_o according_a to_o number_n or_o by_o command_v as_o follow_v command_v by_o the_o file_n leader_n 1_o file_n leader_n  _fw-fr rank_a two_o to_o the_o left_a and_o file_v to_o the_o left_a double_a 2_o 2_o rank_n to_o the_o left_a double_a and_o file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a  _fw-fr countermarch_v front_n and_o rear_v into_o the_o midst_n and_o face_n to_o that_o part_n which_o be_v the_o rear_n 3_o 1_o 3_o half_a file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a  _fw-fr  _fw-fr face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n 4_o 4_o 2_o 4_o file_v leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o right_n and_o place_n themselves_o before_o their_o leader_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr countermarch_v from_o the_o rear_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o and_o face_n to_o that_o which_o be_v the_o rear_n 5_o 3_o 6_o 5_o 5_o rank_n to_o the_o left_a double_a and_o file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o left_a  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr file_n rank_a two_o to_o the_o right_n and_o file_v to_o the_o right_n double_a face_n they_o about_o and_o it_o will_v reduce_v they_o 6_o 6_o 1_o 1_o 6_o 6_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n double_a and_o file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a  _fw-fr to_z reduce_v  _fw-fr 5_o 5_o 6_o 3_o 5_o 1._o file_v leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o and_o place_v yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 4_o 2_o 4_o 4_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 3_o 1_o 3_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 2_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o  _fw-fr a_o file_n to_o be_v make_v file_n leader_n successive_o according_a to_o their_o dignity_n 1._o file_v leader_n 1_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o second_o man_n from_o the_o front_n 5_o 2_o bringer_n up_o double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o file_n double_v your_o depth_n to_o the_o right_n bringer_n up_o to_o the_o front_n half_a file_n 4_o 6_o 3_o file_v leader_n and_o half_a file_n leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o left_a and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n 3._o half_a file_n leader_n 3_o 3_o 6_o 4_o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n interchange_v your_o ground_n the_o second_o man_n from_o the_o rear_n 6_o 1_o 2_o 5_o 5_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n double_a file_n to_o the_o right_n double_a 2._o bringer_n up_o 2_o 5_o 4_o 1_o 4_o 6_o file_v leader_n stand_v the_o rest_n pass_v through_o to_o the_o left_a and_o place_n yourselves_o before_o your_o leader_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 4_o 5_o 3_o 3_o 2_o to_o reduce_v they_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 6_o 1_o 1_o 1._o rank_n to_o the_o left_a double_a and_o file_n to_o the_o left_a double_a  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 2_o 3_o 2._o half_n file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o 4_o 3._o bringer_n up_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 5_o  _fw-fr chap._n xviii_o of_o certain_a firing_n in_o the_o front_n have_v pass_v over_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o art_n military_a i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o executive_a part_n of_o the_o tactic_n and_o shall_v not_o here_o exceed_v the_o exercise_n of_o a_o single_a company_n show_v the_o soldier_n the_o use_n of_o some_o few_o firing_n that_o they_o may_v the_o 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the_o right_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o double_a the_o remain_a file_n behind_o their_o bringer_n up_o to_o reduce_v this_o command_n bringer_n up_o double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o left_a or_o half_a file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o left_a each_z placing_z themselves_o before_o their_o half_a file_n leader_n there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a difference_n between_o the_o figure_n of_o some_o of_o the_o precedent_n command_v as_o some_o may_v at_o first_o sight_n guess_v they_o to_o be_v yet_o if_o you_o will_v but_o well_o observe_v they_o the_o word_n of_o command_n be_v several_a and_o in_o the_o battalion_n there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o dignity_n of_o place_n but_o not_o in_o quantity_n or_o number_n second_o how_o the_o flank_n be_v double_v by_o half_a rank_n 10._o command_n half_n rank_n of_o the_o left_a double_a your_o right_a flank_n to_o the_o 1._o right_o or_o 2._o left_a to_o perform_v this_o to_o the_o right_n leave_v half_a rank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o move_v to_o the_o right_n forward_a and_o double_a your_o right_a flank_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_n face_n to_o the_o left_a and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n or_o double_v your_o rank_n to_o the_o left_a entire_a you_o may_v face_v they_o at_o discretion_n i_o shall_v demonstrate_v another_o figure_n to_o the_o left_a show_v how_o it_o may_v be_v perform_v without_o mixture_n of_o arm_n etc._n etc._n 11._o command_n half_n rank_n of_o the_o right_n double_a your_o left_a flank_n to_o the_o right_n to_o perform_v this_o command_n half_n rank_n of_o the_o right_a face_n to_o the_o right_n turn_v off_o to_o the_o right_n and_o double_a your_o left_a flank_n to_o reduce_v the_o 11._o command_n rank_n double_a to_o the_o right_n entire_a every_o man_n place_v himself_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o his_o right_a hand_n man_n 12._o command_n half_n rank_n double_v your_o right_a flank_n to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v 1._o outward_a 2._o inward_a 1._o to_o perform_v this_o outward_a face_n all_o to_o the_o right_n than_o the_o leave_v half_a rank_n move_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n double_v your_o right_a flank_n face_n to_o your_o leader_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_n 1._o front_n and_o rear_v half_a file_n double_v your_o rank_n entire_a to_o the_o left_a flank_n or_o half_a rank_n that_o double_a face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n or_o half_a rank_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o the_o even_a rank_n from_o the_o midst_n move_v forth_o and_o double_v your_o left_a rank_n entire_a to_o the_o left_a flank_n face_n to_o your_o leader_n 2._o to_o perform_v the_o 12._o command_v inward_a face_n all_o to_o the_o right_n than_o the_o leave_v
the_o depth_n of_o the_o stand_a file_n entire_a to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o 2._o if_o you_o face_v they_o to_o their_o proper_a front_n then_o to_o reduce_v they_o command_v the_o three_o first_o and_o the_o three_o last_o rank_n double_v your_o left_a flank_n entire_a that_o be_v the_o three_o last_o rank_n face_n about_o and_o wheel_n to_o the_o right_n and_o the_o three_o first_o rank_n wheel_v about_o to_o the_o left_a all_o move_a and_o meet_v in_o opposition_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o left_a flank_n then_o face_n they_o to_o their_o leader_n i_o have_v end_v those_o doubling_n who_o battalia_n be_v strengthen_v in_o the_o front_n reer_n and_o both_o flank_n although_o they_o may_v not_o be_v useful_a at_o all_o time_n in_o the_o field_n service_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o for_o every_o commander_n to_o be_v well_o ground_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o that_o by_o his_o experience_n therein_o he_o may_v not_o be_v silent_a when_o occasion_n serve_v nor_o the_o soldier_n seek_v what_o to_o do_v when_o he_o may_v be_v command_v they_o be_v so_o necessary_a that_o some_o be_v delightful_a in_o private_a exercise_n and_o most_o of_o they_o profitable_a in_o field_n or_o garrison_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o ingenious_a if_o once_o experience_v herein_o will_v confess_v they_o to_o be_v of_o such_o absolute_a necessity_n as_o not_o in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v slight_v by_o any_o and_o further_o it_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v most_o convenient_a for_o all_o the_o chief_a officer_n to_o bend_v their_o thought_n before_o the_o time_n of_o service_n to_o make_v their_o command_n as_o short_a as_o possible_a may_v be_v in_o order_n to_o which_o see_v chapt._n 8._o and_o 11._o i_o do_v declare_v that_o i_o have_v hear_v some_o of_o our_o late_a young_a eltonists_n to_o be_v too_o tedious_a in_o their_o command_n and_o reducement_n i_o shall_v advise_v the_o young_a soldier_n to_o follow_v the_o rule_n of_o barriffe_n ward_n bingham_n and_o 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front_n of_o pike_n after_o which_o they_o be_v all_o to_o stand_v present_a and_o give_v fire_n and_o have_v fire_v they_o be_v to_o wheel_v off_o to_o the_o left_a and_o fall_v into_o the_o rear_n of_o musquetteer_n and_o whilst_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v fire_v the_o second_o be_v to_o be_v march_v so_o as_o to_o be_v ready_a to_o fall_v into_o their_o place_n to_o reduce_v they_o command_v the_o pike_n to_o advance_v six_o foot_n if_o they_o be_v double_v their_o rank_n to_o the_o right_a let_v they_o now_o double_v their_o file_n to_o the_o left_a then_o command_v i_o can_v have_v mention_v a_o great_a many_o more_o firing_n to_o the_o front_n but_o through_o my_o confinement_n to_o such_o a_o small_a number_n of_o man_n and_o not_o a_o equality_n in_o arm_n be_v complete_v can_v be_v expect_v from_o i_o must_v of_o these_o firing_n be_v solid_a and_o serviceable_a yet_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v that_o three_o rank_n can_v make_v any_o abidement_n of_o battle_n for_o continuance_n against_o any_o enemy_n although_o sometime_o they_o may_v be_v force_v to_o be_v reduce_v into_o less_o number_n yet_o by_o show_v the_o nature_n hereof_o you_o will_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o manage_v a_o great_a etc._n etc._n chap._n xix_o of_o fire_v in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n and_o rear_v alone_o before_o i_o demonstrate_v the_o firing_n in_o the_o rear_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o give_v one_o figure_n of_o fire_v to_o the_o front_n and_o rear_n which_o may_v serve_v also_o for_o a_o fire_n to_o each_o flank_n when_o the_o commander_n please_v 1._o command_n front_n half_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n march_v until_o your_o bringers-up_a be_v even_o in_o breast_n with_o the_o front_n of_o pike_n rear_v half_a file_n of_o pike_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n rear_n half_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v until_o the_o half_a file-leader_n be_v even_o in_o breast_n with_o the_o bringer_n up_o of_o pike_n for_o the_o first_o fire_v by_o this_o figure_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o rank_n upon_o each_o division_n have_v fire_v they_o be_v to_o wheel_v off_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o fall_v into_o the_o rear_n of_o their_o own_o division_n and_o have_v so_o fire_v all_o over_o they_o be_v to_o wheel_v off_o and_o place_v themselves_o even_o in_o breast_n with_o the_o pike_n as_o now_o they_o stand_v face_v then_o be_v face_v to_o their_o leader_n they_o be_v reduce_v this_o be_v not_o our_o drift_n of_o fire_v in_o the_o rear_n but_o if_o in_o a_o march_n a_o enemy_n eager_o pursue_v and_o assault_n then_o by_o face_v about_o and_o fire_v in_o the_o rear_n or_o by_o countermarch_v or_o wheel_v about_o and_o so_o fire_v these_o repulse_n orderly_o perform_v may_v cause_v a_o disorder_n in_o the_o pursuant_n and_o it_o be_v good_a sometime_o as_o occasion_n may_v offer_v to_o keep_v a_o enemy_n in_o play_n whilst_o he_o may_v advantage_v himself_o in_o his_o ground_n either_o for_o his_o embattlement_n or_o ambush_n or_o for_o the_o conveyance_n of_o gunns_n or_o other_o carriage_n etc._n etc._n 2._o fire_v upon_o a_o march_n the_o last_o rank_n be_v to_o face_n about_o and_o so_o to_o give_v fire_n wheel_v off_o in_o file_n by_o division_n and_o march_v up_o towards_o the_o front_n and_o place_v themselves_o before_o their_o file-leader_n 1._o observe_v that_o they_o rank_v even_o with_o the_o second_o rank_n of_o pike_n 2._o in_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o you_o will_v lose_v one_o rank_n in_o the_o front_n 3._o observe_v that_o whilst_o the_o rank_n of_o musquetteer_n be_v fire_v in_o the_o rear_n the_o next_o rank_n although_o he_o be_v march_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v prepare_v with_o his_o cock_n bend_v and_o guard_v that_o with_o his_o three_o motion_n he_o may_v next_o fire_n so_o soon_o as_o his_o precedent_a rank_n be_v wheel_v off_o 4._o although_o you_o be_v upon_o a_o march_n yet_o you_o be_v to_o fall_v one_o rank_n near_o to_o the_o rear_n that_o the_o body_n may_v be_v preserve_v entire_a 5._o observe_v further_o in_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o this_o your_o preparation_n and_o firing_n ought_v to_o be_v at_o three_o motion_n etc._n cock_n your_o match_n blow_v your_o coal_n present_v etc._n etc._n let_v the_o first_o be_v with_o the_o right_a leg_n advance_v the_o second_o with_o the_o left_a leg_n advance_v bend_v your_o cock_n then_o a_o little_a advance_n forward_o with_o the_o right_a foot_n to_o present_v and_o give_v fire_n now_o i_o give_v these_o reason_n for_o the_o observation_n of_o some_o motion_n in_o these_o firing_n to_o the_o rear_n because_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o soldier_n have_v fire_v if_o the_o last_o rank_n shall_v immediate_o face_v about_o and_o present_v etc._n etc._n there_o will_v be_v a_o
and_o march_v clear_a of_o your_o rear_n half_a file_n face_v they_o to_o their_o leader_n and_o march_v they_o until_o their_o rear_n be_v even_o in_o front_n with_o their_o pike_n the_o two_o first_o rank_n of_o each_o division_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o march_v they_o clear_v of_o their_o own_o division_n face_n they_o to_o their_o leader_n the_o four_o first_o rank_n of_o pike_n open_a to_o your_o open_a order_n and_o double_a your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n the_o two_o last_o rank_n of_o pike_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v clear_a of_o the_o rear_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n to_o your_o leader_n to_o reduce_v they_o command_n the_o first_o body_n of_o pike_n to_o double_v their_o file_n to_o the_o left_a the_o two_o last_o rank_n of_o pike_n march_v and_o close_v your_o division_n the_o two_o first_o rank_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n in_o opposition_n and_o close_v your_o division_n then_o the_o front_n division_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o and_o march_v even_o to_o the_o front_n of_o pike_n than_o face_n they_o to_o their_o right_n and_o left_a and_o close_v their_o division_n face_v they_o to_o their_o leader_n evening_n their_o rank_n and_o streightning_n of_o their_o file_n they_o be_v reduce_v 4._o command_n front_n half_a file_n march_v clear_a from_o your_o musquetteer_n the_o rear_n half_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v clear_a of_o your_o pike_n and_o face_n to_o your_o leader_n the_o reducement_n the_o front_n division_n of_o pike_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v into_o your_o place_n the_o rear_n division_n of_o musquetteer_n march_v up_o into_o your_o place_n 5._o command_n wheel_v both_o your_o flank_n of_o musquetteer_n into_o the_o front_n both_o flank_n of_o musquetteer_n open_a to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a front_v division_n of_o pike_n march_v clear_a of_o the_o front_n of_o musquetteer_n and_o open_a to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a until_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o rear_n half_a file_n the_o two_o inmost_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n march_v until_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o front_n of_o pike_n the_o next_o two_o inmost_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n in_o opposition_n march_n and_o close_v your_o division_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o rear_n division_n of_o pike_n face_n all_o to_o your_o leader_n to_o reduce_v this_o the_o four_o middle_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o march_v into_o your_o place_n the_o file_n of_o musquetteer_n in_o the_o front_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n &_o march_v into_o your_o place_n face_v they_o to_o their_o leader_n the_o front_n half_a file_n of_o pike_n face_n in_o opposition_n and_o close_v your_o division_n face_v they_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o march_v they_o into_o their_o place_n then_o close_a the_o front_n of_o musquetteer_n as_o at_o first_o and_o wheel_v the_o front_n into_o your_o flank_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v reduce_v the_o two_o next_o figure_n be_v almost_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o with_o but_o a_o little_a alteration_n in_o their_o command_n they_o may_v be_v either_o produce_v or_o reduce_v 6._o command_n pike_n stand_v the_o rear_n half_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n musquetteer_n march_v all_o until_o you_o be_v clear_a both_o of_o your_o front_n and_o rear_n of_o pike_n face_n in_o opposition_n and_o close_v your_o division_n the_o four_o inmost_a rank_n of_o musquetteer_n march_v clear_a of_o the_o remainder_n both_o in_o front_n and_o rear_n the_o two_o last_o rank_n of_o pike_n stand_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v by_o division_n march_v clear_a of_o the_o musquetteer_n and_o wheel_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n direction_n for_o fire_v upon_o this_o or_o other_o i_o must_v leave_v to_o the_o ingenious_a wish_v the_o unskilful_a to_o fire_v only_o as_o the_o figure_n lie_v lest_o it_o may_v prove_v trouble_n to_o they_o to_o reduce_v the_o reducement_n the_o two_o rank_n upon_o the_o flank_n wheel_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o and_o march_v into_o your_o place_n front_n and_o rear_n musquetteer_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n provide_v they_o be_v face_v to_o the_o rear_n only_a than_o the_o front_n musquetteer_n be_v to_o face_n about_o then_o musquetteer_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a outward_n and_o march_v clear_a of_o the_o pike_n face_n in_o opposition_n and_o close_v your_o division_n and_o face_n all_o to_o their_o leader_n they_o be_v reduce_v it_o be_v but_o march_v up_o of_o the_o two_o last_o rank_n of_o pike_n into_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o front_n division_n of_o musquetteer_n and_o the_o musquetteer_n even_o to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o pike_n which_o produce_v this_o next_o figure_n 7._o command_n half_n file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n the_o two_o outmost_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n of_o each_o flank_n march_v ten_o pace_n direct_a and_o stand_v the_o two_o next_o file_n of_o musquetteer_n of_o each_o flank_n march_n to_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o two_o next_o rank_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o until_o they_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o thus_o be_v this_o figure_n produce_v or_o by_o command_v the_o two_o outmost_a in_o each_o flank_n to_o stand_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v and_o so_o leave_v the_o two_o outmost_a file_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o second_o and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o body_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o three_o face_v all_o to_o their_o proper_a front_n to_o reduce_v they_o command_n musquetteer_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v into_o your_o place_n then_o half_a file_n that_o double_a face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n or_o even_o file_n from_o the_o left_a double_a your_o file_n to_o the_o left_a 8._o command_n half_n file_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n entire_a then_o command_v the_o two_o outmost_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n of_o each_o flank_n to_o march_v until_o they_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o front_n and_o stand_v the_o four_o inmost_a file_n march_v until_o they_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o battle_n also_o and_o stand_v to_o reduce_v they_o musquetteer_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v forth_o into_o your_o place_n then_o half_a rank_n of_o the_o right_n double_a the_o depth_n of_o your_o left_a flank_n entire_a 9_o command_n pike_n march_v clear_a of_o your_o body_n pike_n wheel_v your_o flank_n into_o the_o rear_n musquetteer_n close_o to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_a half_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n double_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n the_o four_o innermost_a file_n of_o musquetteer_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n &_o march_v clear_a of_o the_o rear_n even_o your_o rank_n and_o straighten_v your_o file_n both_o of_o pike_n and_o musquett_n then_o the_o four_o innermost_a file_n both_o of_o pike_n and_o musquetteer_n march_v ten_o pace_n direct_v then_o pike_n and_o musquetteer_n of_o each_o flank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o march_v ten_o pace_n face_v they_o to_o their_o leader_n to_o reduce_v this_o command_n the_o front_n division_n of_o pike_n and_o musquetteer_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v even_o in_o breast_n with_o the_o rear_n of_o musquetteer_n of_o each_o flank_n then_o face_n the_o division_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a inward_o and_o close_v your_o division_n then_o command_v the_o musquetteer_n to_o open_a to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v from_o the_o midst_n and_o the_o rear_n division_n of_o musquetteer_n march_v into_o the_o intervail_n or_o into_o your_o place_n as_o you_o be_v then_o command_v the_o pike_n to_o wheel_v their_o flank_n into_o the_o front_n then_o open_a the_o division_n of_o musquetteer_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a face_v the_o pike_n about_o to_o the_o right_n and_o march_v into_o their_o place_n so_o face_v of_o they_o to_o their_o leader_n they_o be_v reduce_v i_o may_v have_v add_v more_o as_o the_o plinthium_fw-la battle_n for_o which_o and_o more_o read_v captain_n bingham_n chap._n 42._o pa._n 55._o as_o also_o barrif_n ward_n and_o elton_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v have_v write_v at_o large_a but_o i_o never_o see_v his_o work_n chap._n xxii_o it_o may_v be_v expect_v i_o shall_v treat_v also_o of_o large_a battalia_n or_o great_a number_n of_o man_n demonstrate_v of_o they_o likewise_o by_o their_o several_a plat-form_n but_o have_v my_o number_n proportion_v as_o you_o see_v by_o my_o several_a exercise_n
than_o 60_o degree_n for_o experience_n have_v teach_v we_o that_o such_o a_o one_o will_v suffice_v 10._o a_o right_a angle_n for_o the_o bulwark_n be_v the_o best_a but_o to_o gain_v it_o you_o must_v not_o omit_v or_o cut_v away_o too_o much_o of_o the_o second_o flanque_fw-fr 11._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o flanque_n and_o courtine_n c_o a_o k_o fig._n 6_o must_v always_o be_v a_o right_a angle_n for_o so_o as_o well_o the_o courtine_n as_o the_o face_n will_v be_v more_o large_o flanque_v and_o defend_v and_o consequent_o more_o sure_a and_o commodious_a and_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o face_n and_o flanque_n will_v be_v big_a and_o therefore_o strong_a 12._o let_v the_o gorge_n or_o neck-line_n a_o c_o f_o h_n be_v large_a fig._n 6_o lest_o the_o bulwark_n be_v straighten_a 13._o let_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v such_o as_o may_v receive_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o arm_a man_n and_o yield_v room_n enough_o for_o the_o traverse_v gun_n and_o perform_v other_o 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engineer_n of_o this_o age_n to_o detract_v something_o from_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n keep_v notwithstanding_o a_o due_a strength_n for_o he_o than_o to_o want_v the_o flanque_n in_o the_o courtine_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o our_o defence_n which_o will_v be_v so_o much_o lessen_v barleduc_n and_o other_o follow_v the_o contrary_a but_o most_o people_n now_o a_o day_n be_v teach_v by_o experience_n the_o school-mistriss_n of_o all_o thing_n have_v forsake_v they_o the_o reason_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rule_n be_v so_o plain_a that_o they_o need_v no_o far_a explanation_n chap._n v._o the_o constitution_n of_o regular_n fortification_n the_o definition_n and_o principle_n of_o the_o science_n be_v now_o expound_v we_o will_v come_v to_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o fortification_n may_v be_v find_v fig._n 6_o some_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v those_o thing_n here_o be_v say_v to_o be_v give_v which_o we_o take_v 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the_o face_n be_v half_a the_o courtine_n in_o what_o figure_n soever_o  _fw-fr foot_n  _fw-fr the_o courtine_n 480._o  _fw-fr the_o face_n 240._o  _fw-fr the_o flancque_fw-fr in_o a4_n ang._n in_o a5_n ang._n 60._o that_o be_v ¼_n of_o the_o face_n 80._o that_o be_v â…“_n of_o the_o face_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o figure_n up_o to_o a_o nine-angled_n polygon_n 10_o foot_n be_v always_o add_v to_o the_o flanque_fw-fr till_o in_o a_o nonangle_n the_o flanque_n become_v 120_o foot_n that_o be_v 1_o â—_o the_o face_n which_o quantity_n be_v retain_v for_o the_o flanque_fw-fr in_o all_o the_o follow_a figure_n the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v make_v of_o half_a the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n increase_v with_o 15_o degree_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr degr._fw-la  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 4_o  _fw-fr 60._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 5_o  _fw-fr 69._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o  _fw-fr 75._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 7_o  _fw-fr 79._o 17′9″_n or_o in_o decimal_n 79_o 286_o in_o a_o 8_o angle_a figure_n 82._o 30._o or_o 82.5_o in_o decimal_n  _fw-fr 9_o  _fw-fr 85._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 10_o  _fw-fr 87._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 11_o  _fw-fr 88_o 38′_n 11″_n or_o 88_o 63.64_o in_o decimal_n  _fw-fr 12_o  _fw-fr 90._o or_o a_o right_a angle_n which_o be_v retain_v in_o all_o figure_n follow_v from_o these_o data_fw-la or_o thing_n give_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o line_n will_v arise_v which_o the_o follow_a table_n show_v you_o  _fw-fr radius_fw-la capital_a gorge_fw-fr flanque_n 2._o fichant_n iv_o 494.5.5.8_o 172.6.9.9_o 109.7.0.6_o 256.0.7_o 7_o 722.2.2.2_o v_o 595.2.9.3_o 197.9.1.1_o 109.9.0.2_o 254.0.8.7_o 724.1.5.7_o vi_o 713.4.8.6_o 209.9.7.6_o 116.7.5.3_o 262.7.2.1_o 724.9.0.9_o vii_o 833.8.5.8_o 222.0.5.6_o 121.7.9.3_o 262.0.1.1_o 726.2.5.4_o viii_o 955.6.6.1_o 233.9.6.4_o 125.7.1.3_o 256.9.4.2_o 728.0.7.4_o ix_o 1078.5.0.8_o 245.6.2.8_o 128.8.7.0_o 249.4.8.2_o 730.3.1.7_o x_o 1212.6.0.7_o 246.5.9.2_o 134.7.1.7_o 258.9.8.8_o 729.6.3.3_o xi_o 1347.0.8.3_o 247.5.4.3_o 139.5.2.1_o 266.3.2.1_o 729.0.3.5_o xii_o 1481.8.8.6_o 248.4.6.0_o 143.5.4.0_o 272.1.5.4_o 728.5.1.5_o in_o this_o table_n the_o figure_n before_o the_o separate_a line_n be_v rhynland_a foot_n the_o rest_n be_v 10th_n 100th_n 1000th_n part_n of_o a_o foot_n etc._n etc._n in_o this_o first_o manner_n of_o fortification_n there_o be_v four_o thing_n give_v beside_o the_o species_n of_o the_o figure_n viz._n the_o courtine_n the_o face_n flanque_n and_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n who_o themselves_o agree_v with_o our_o rule_n and_o also_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o line_n which_o follow_v from_o they_o as_o the_o gorge_n second_o flanque_n and_o the_o flanque_a and_o fichant_a line_n of_o defence_n which_o you_o will_v find_v to_o be_v true_a if_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o trigonometrie_n you_o calculate_v the_o quantity_n of_o each_o of_o the_o part_n out_o of_o the_o data_fw-la or_o thing_n give_v of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o follow_a 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bulwark_n note_v that_o the_o perch_n we_o speak_v of_o contain_v 12_o rhynland_a foot_n the_o three_o manner_n be_v dogens_n second_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o second_o in_o the_o last_o datum_fw-la only_o for_o it_o make_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n equal_a to_o two_o three_o of_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr degr_fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 4_o  _fw-fr 60_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 5_o  _fw-fr 72_o  _fw-fr in_o a_o 6_o angle_n 80_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 7_o  _fw-fr 85._o 42′_n 51″_n or_o 85.71428_o in_o decimal_n which_o will_v serve_v in_o all_o that_o follow_v  _fw-fr 8_o  _fw-fr 90._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr rad._n capital_a gorge_fw-fr flanque_n 1_o flanque_n 2._o fichant_n iv_o 38._o 50_o 19_o 73_o 9_o 23_o 7._o 74_o 7._o 10_o 60._o 80_o v._o 49._o 05_o 20._o 40_o 10._o 83_o 9_o 09_o 8._o 03_o 61._o 10_o vi_o 60._o 00_o 21._o 10_o 12._o 00_o 10._o 07_o 8._o 33_o 61._o 34_o vii_o 70._o 80_o 21._o 75_o 12._o 9_o 10._o 83_o 8._o 41_o 61._o 54_o viii_o 82._o 66_o 22._o 32_o 13._o 63_o 11._o 44_o 8._o 39_o 61._o 72_o ix_o 93._o 08_o 23._o 15_o 13._o 83_o 11._o 61_o 11._o 10_o 61._o 74_o x._o 103._o 62_o 23._o 83._o 14._o 62_o 11._o 76_o 12._o 91_o 61._o 70_o xi_o 114._o 26_o 24._o 40_o 14._o 19_o 11._o 91_o 14._o 19_o 61._o 68_o xii_o 124._o 97_o 24._o 88_o 14._o 34_o 12._o 04_o 15._o 15_o 61._o 66_o the_o number_n in_o this_o table_n before_o the_o point_n be_v perch_n of_o rhynland_n that_o contain_v 12_o foot_n the_o rest_n be_v 10th_n 100th_n of_o a_o perch_n the_o four_o manner_n be_v dogens_n three_o fritachs_n first_o let_v the_o courtine_n be_v 36_o perch_n the_o face_n 24_o perch_n the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n 1_o â—_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n increase_v with_o 20_o degr_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr perch_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 4_o  _fw-fr 6.72_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 5_o  _fw-fr 7.84_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o  _fw-fr 8.96_o  _fw-fr the_n flanque_n in_o a_o 7_o angle_n be_v 9.108_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 8_o  _fw-fr 10.12_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 9_o  _fw-fr 11.132_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 10_o  _fw-fr 12._o 144_o which_o be_v keep_v in_o all_o the_o follow_a fig._n the_o five_o manner_n be_v fritach_n second_o let_v the_o courtine_n be_v 36_o perch_n the_o face_n 24._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n half_a the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n increase_v with_o 15_o degr_n as_o in_o the_o first_o manner_n and_o the_o second_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr perch_n  _fw-fr 4_o  _fw-fr 8.96_o  _fw-fr 5_o  _fw-fr 9.108_o the_o flanque_n in_o a_o 6_o angle_n be_v 10.12_o  _fw-fr 7_o  _fw-fr 11.132_o  _fw-fr 8_o  _fw-fr 12.144_o the_o same_o always_o in_o the_o follow_a fig._n out_o of_o these_o data_fw-la the_o proportion_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n that_o follow_v which_o the_o table_n underneath_o will_v show_v you_o  _fw-fr rad._n capital_a gorge_fw-fr flanque_n 2._o fichant_n iv_o 38.14_o 20.01_o 8.97_o 6.14_o little_a exceed_v 60_o rod_n or_o perch_n v._o 48.08_o 21.03_o 10.26_o 10.51_o vi_o 58.19_o 22.15_o 11.08_o 11.86_o vii_o 68.47_o 23.31_o 11.71_o 12.03_o viii_o 78.60_o 24.48_o 12.16_o 11.67_o ix_o 90.31_o 24.64_o 12.89_o 12.95_o x._o 101.84_o 24.66_o 13.47_o 13.90_o xi_o 113.38_o 24.76_o 13.95_o 14.63_o xii_o 124.77_o 24.85_o 14.29_o 15.22_o the_o number_n before_o the_o point_n be_v perch_n the_o rest_n be_v 10th_n 100th_n of_o a_o perch_n the_o six_o manner_n be_v dogen_n four_o let_v the_o courtine_n be_v 36_o perch_n the_o face_n 24._o the_o angle_n form_v the_o flanque_n always_o 40_o degr_n the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n as_o in_o the_o four_o manner_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr degr_fw-fr  _fw-fr 4_o  _fw-fr 65._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 5_o  _fw-fr 75._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o  _fw-fr 80._o  _fw-fr in_o a_o 7_o angle_n 84._o 17.9_o  _fw-fr 8_o  _fw-fr 87._o 30_o  _fw-fr 9_o  _fw-fr 90._o and_o so_o always_o after_o all_o these_o several_a way_n of_o fortification_n agree_v with_o the_o canon_n deliver_v in_o the_o 3d._n and_o four_o chapter_n the_o four_o seem_v least_o in_o use_n so_o i_o gather_v out_o of_o fritach_n pag._n 15._o the_o five_o be_v more_o use_v the_o second_o and_o three_o be_v much_o alike_o betwixt_o these_o viz._n the_o second_o and_o three_o and_o the_o four_o the_o sixth_z be_v a_o mean_a which_o according_a to_o dogen_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o they_o the_o first_o go_v beyond_o all_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o second_o flanque_n and_o come_v short_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o first_o flanque_n the_o neck_n the_o face_n and_o in_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n whence_o it_o be_v consequent_a he_o shall_v have_v his_o bulwork_n less_o than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n his_o courtine_n be_v large_a than_o the_o other_o by_o 48_o foot_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v less_o in_o use_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o the_o data_fw-la or_o thing_n give_v in_o the_o second_o and_o five_o differ_v about_o the_o flanque_n which_o in_o the_o five_o be_v big_a for_o which_o reason_n it_o have_v its_o gorge_n line_n and_o second_o flanque_n lesser_a the_o three_o and_o four_o in_o their_o data_n differ_v about_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n and_o the_o flanque_n the_o flanque_n in_o the_o four_o be_v lesser_a the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v big_a except_o in_o a_o hexagon_n where_o etc._n etc._n but_o all_o these_o way_n be_v approve_v let_v every_o one_o take_v that_o which_o please_v he_o best_o and_o so_o have_v we_o order_v the_o constitution_n of_o each_o way_n in_o fortification_n but_o by_o what_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o angle_n and_o line_n depend_v on_o the_o thing_n give_v be_v find_v out_o of_o each_o of_o the_o thing_n give_v that_o be_v by_o what_o method_n the_o table_n above_o be_v make_v we_o must_v seek_v for_o in_o the_o follow_a rule_n how_o to_o find_v the_o angles_n 1._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o any_o regular_a figure_n be_v have_v 6._o fig._n 6._o if_o you_o divide_v 360_o degr_n by_o the_o number_n of_o its_o angle_n see_v the_o scholium_fw-la of_o the_o 16_o propos_fw-fr of_o the_o four_o of_o euclid_n set_v out_o by_o i_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o  _fw-fr iv_o five_o vi_o  _fw-fr vii_o  _fw-fr viii_o ix_o x_o  _fw-fr xi_o  _fw-fr xii_o centre_n 90._o 72._o 60._o 51_o 43′_n 38″_n 45._o 40._o 36._o 32_o 43′_n 38″_n 30._o figure_n 90._o 108._o 120._o 128._o 34′_n 17″_n 135._o 140._o 144._o 147_o 16′_n 22″_n 150._o 2._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n or_o of_o the_o circumference_n be_v find_v if_o you_o subtract_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n from_o the_o right_a angle_n that_o be_v 180_o degree_n for_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n p_o together_z with_o the_o angle_n p_o e_o f_o p_o f_o e_o make_v two_o right_a one_o 32._o 1._o but_o these_o be_v half_a the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o so_o join_v together_o make_v up_o the_o whole_a angle_n of_o the_o figure_n therefore_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n with_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n make_v two_o right_a one_o therefore_o etc._n etc._n 3._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v find_v after_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o forego_n rule_n find_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o add_v to_o its_o half_a 15_o degr_n 4._o the_o angle_n g_o k_n a_o or_o c_o k_n a_n will_v be_v discover_v if_o you_o deduct_v half_a the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n from_o half_a the_o angle_n of_o the_o figure_n for_o because_o g_z h_n e_o f_o be_v parallel_n the_o angle_n e_o g_o qui_fw-fr be_v equal_a to_o p_o e_o f_o and_o g_z k_o a_o equal_a to_o c_o g_o q._n therefore_o etc._n etc._n 5._o the_o angle_n a_o c_o k_n be_v have_v by_o substract_v the_o angle_n last_o find_v c_o k_n a_n from_o 90_o degr_n for_o since_o c_o at_fw-fr k_o be_v a_o right_a angle_n a_o c_o k_n c_o k_n a_n must_v make_v another_o right_a angle_n 6._o the_o angle_n g_o t_o h_o will_v be_v find_v after_o this_o manner_n double_o the_o angle_n c_o k_n a_n which_o subtract_v from_o 180_o degr_n the_o remainder_n be_v the_o angle_n i_o t_o k_n or_o g_o t_o h._n for_o the_o angle_n c_o k_n a_n d_o i_o b_o be_v equal_a by_o construction_n therefore_o c_o k_n a_o double_a be_v equal_a to_o they_o both_o now_o these_o two_o angle_n be_v know_v in_o the_o triangle_n i_o t_o k_n the_o three_o also_o will_v be_v know_v euclid_n 32._o 1._o and_o the_o angle_n i_o t_o k_n be_v prove_v equal_a to_o g_o t_o h_o by_o the_o 15._o 1._o 7._o the_o angle_n a_o c_o g_o be_v discover_v if_o you_o subtract_v a_o c_o k_o from_o 180_o degr_n
line_n 87_o s_n v_n do_v represent_v the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n or_o moat_n that_o wash_v the_o bulwark_n which_o you_o must_v always_o understand_v when_o there_o shall_v any_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o width_n of_o the_o ditch_n chap._n viii_o wherein_o be_v determine_v the_o orthographical_a dimension_n or_o the_o profile_v of_o fortification_n and_o first_o those_o of_o the_o rampar_n and_o brestwork_n raise_v upon_o the_o rampar_n the_o sole_a and_o main_a business_n of_o the_o delineation_n hitherto_o expound_v be_v true_o to_o constitute_v or_o form_v the_o rampart_n circumference_n complete_v with_o face_n flanque_n and_o courtine_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o fundamental_a &_o principal_a work_n of_o all_o martial_a structure_n but_o now_o to_o prescribe_v the_o dimension_n of_o the_o rampar_n itself_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n as_o to_o their_o height_n and_o thickness_n be_v the_o business_n of_o orthography_n every_o fortification_n consist_v almost_o of_o these_o part_n viz._n rampar_n brestwork_n fauss_n bray_v ditch_n or_o moat_n the_o couvert_a way_n and_o a_o out-brestwork_a yet_o if_o the_o ditch_n be_v dry_a the_o fauss-bray_a both_o may_v and_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v omit_v in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o rampar_n and_o brestwork_n the_o spartan_n in_o former_a time_n will_v not_o defend_v their_o city_n with_o wall_n and_o ditch_n and_o king_n agesilaus_n show_v his_o arm_a citizen_n to_o one_o that_o ask_v why_o sparta_n want_v wall_n say_v that_o those_o be_v the_o wall_n of_o sparta_n this_o be_v plain_o a_o foolish_a and_o empty_a ostentation_n of_o strength_n rely_v on_o no_o sound_a council_n but_o only_a rashness_n which_o the_o experience_n of_o all_o nation_n have_v condemn_v and_o which_o the_o spartan_n have_v almost_o find_v fatal_a to_o themselves_o in_o the_o theban_a war._n but_o leave_v this_o we_o will_v come_v to_o the_o purpose_n i._o for_o the_o stuff_n or_o matter_n to_o make_v the_o rampar_n the_o rampar_n must_v not_o be_v make_v of_o wood_n nor_o stone_n but_o earth_n this_o be_v every_o where_o at_o hand_n and_o ready_a to_o come_v by_o and_o be_v easy_o heap_v up_o to_o such_o a_o thickness_n that_o the_o rampar_n may_v be_v cannon_n proof_n beside_o earth_n by_o its_o yield_n and_o give_v way_n do_v soon_o master_n and_o break_v the_o force_n of_o the_o shot_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o prefer_v a_o bare_a earthen_a rampar_n before_o one_o case_v with_o stone_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o ii_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n so_o destructive_a to_o a_o fortification_n as_o a_o high_a rampar_n this_o error_n have_v be_v commit_v in_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a fortification_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o most_o famous_a city_n in_o europe_n for_o these_o high_a rampart_n flatter_v the_o sight_n and_o make_v a_o show_n of_o strength_n where_o there_o be_v none_o when_o indeed_o they_o spoil_v the_o whole_a defence_n and_o betray_v the_o town_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o lest_o so_o great_a mischief_n may_v be_v have_v gratis_o the_o treasury_n must_v be_v also_o drain_v to_o obtain_v it_o the_o fault_n of_o high_a rampart_n consist_v chief_o in_o this_o that_o they_o shelter_v the_o enemy_n when_o he_o draw_v near_o they_o from_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o townsman_n this_o to_o its_o own_o great_a loss_n breda_n have_v teach_v we_o when_o it_o be_v last_o besiege_v by_o the_o hollander_n prince_n maurice_n have_v fortify_v this_o town_n with_o great_a care_n and_o expense_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o compleat_a fortification_n of_o europe_n but_o the_o height_n of_o the_o rampar_n flatter_v his_o sight_n as_o i_o say_v deceive_v he_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o breda_n be_v afterward_o besiege_v by_o frederick_n mauritius_n his_o brother_n be_v not_o able_a from_o their_o high_a rampar_n with_o all_o their_o cannon_n to_o remove_v the_o enemy_n approach_v near_o unto_o they_o nor_o his_o blind_v steal_v by_o degree_n upon_o they_o whence_o they_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v hole_n in_o several_a place_n of_o their_o high_a rampar_n that_o be_v raise_v at_o such_o great_a charge_n and_o pull_v it_o down_o and_o level_v it_o to_o make_v a_o place_n for_o low_a battery_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v sure_a hit_v and_o break_v the_o fatal_a blind_v of_o the_o enemy_n but_o these_o high_a rampart_n can_v be_v so_o mend_v but_o they_o will_v be_v mar_v worse_o in_o another_o point_n for_o while_o they_o be_v cut_v in_o many_o place_n the_o bind_v together_o and_o joint_v of_o the_o work_n be_v loosen_a so_o that_o it_o will_v easy_o fall_v if_o batter_v with_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n but_o a_o rampar_n that_o rise_v to_o a_o indifferent_a height_n have_v not_o this_o deadly_a inconvenience_n 9_o fig._n 9_o as_o be_v manifest_a in_o itself_o nay_o and_o musket_n shoot_v do_v more_o execution_n from_o a_o low_a 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perpendicular_a f_o e_o equal_a to_o ¼_n of_o c_o d_o and_o join_v c_o e_z and_z d_o e_z so_o have_v you_o the_o simple_a external_a angle_n 13._o fig._n 13._o draw_v the_o double_a one_o after_o this_o manner_n have_v draw_v the_o side_n a_o c_o b_o d_o as_o above_z join_v c_o d_o which_o be_v bisect_v in_o g_o from_z g_z raise_v the_o perpendicular_a g_o e_z equal_a to_o ¼_n of_o c_o d_o and_o join_v c_o e_z and_z d_o e._n 2._o produce_v e_z g_o to_o f_o till_o g_o f_o be_v the_o half_a of_o g_z e_z and_o the_o right_a line_n c_o e_o d_o e_o be_v bisect_v in_o k_o and_o h_n join_v f_o k_o and_o f_o h_n so_o will_v a_o c_o k_n f_o h_o d_o b_o be_v the_o double_a have_v or_o double_a external_a angle_n iv_o its_o strength_n and_o use_n they_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o horn-work_n insomuch_o that_o they_o seem_v only_o then_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o when_o some_o sudden_a occasion_n urge_v moreover_o the_o defect_n of_o these_o have_v and_o of_o all_o external_a angle_n be_v this_o that_o about_o its_o very_a angle_n it_o afford_v the_o enemy_n a_o certain_a quadrangular_a space_n within_o which_o he_o need_v not_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o defendant_n this_o space_n be_v determine_v if_o the_o outward_a sloap_a surface_n of_o the_o brestwork_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v produce_v till_o it_o cut_v the_o field_n its_o capacity_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o twenty_o three_o rhynland_a perch_n which_o will_v be_v easy_o compute_v since_o then_o this_o sort_n of_o building_n be_v so_o much_o against_o the_o first_o law_n of_o architecture_n it_o will_v be_v almost_o necessary_a to_o raise_v a_o raveline_n before_o it_o the_o double_a have_v since_o they_o have_v a_o double_a external_a angle_n k_o and_o h_n will_v likewise_o double_a the_o defect_n already_o speak_v of_o wherefore_o they_o be_v less_o use_v prop._n v._o of_o the_o crownwork_n i._o its_o definition_n that_o work_n be_v call_v a_o crownwork_n that_o have_v on_o both_o side_n two_o half_a bulwork_n 14._o fig._n 14._o and_o in_o the_o middle_a one_o or_o more_o whole_a one_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o some_o regular_a fortification_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v this_o name_n give_v it_o because_o it_o do_v as_o it_o be_v encompass_v part_n of_o the_o fortification_n ii_o its_o place_n be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o horn-work_n though_o the_o crownwork_n can_v cover_v more_o of_o the_o fortification_n than_o the_o horn-work_n and_o sometime_o they_o be_v draw_v about_o horn-work_n their_o chief_a use_n be_v to_o enclose_v neighbour_a place_n that_o may_v inse_v the_o town_n as_o hill_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o prevent_v the_o enemy_n iii_o