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be_v within_o they_o shall_v sustain_v all_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o fight_n the_o battle_n be_v once_o divide_v and_o the_o fileleader_n stand_v without_o shall_v idle_o look_v on_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o military_a discipline_n of_o the_o grecian_n who_o care_n be_v to_o use_v the_o fileleader_n in_o fight_n as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a neither_o be_v it_o thereupon_o to_o be_v conclude_v that_o this_o diphalange_n and_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n be_v all_o one_o for_o although_o both_o have_v their_o fileleader_n within_o yet_o do_v they_o differ_v both_o in_o form_n and_o end_n in_o form_n because_o this_o move_v forward_o with_o both_o phalanges_fw-la the_o other_o stand_v still_o this_o be_v oblique_a the_o other_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n that_o have_v the_o front_n of_o the_o two_o phalanges_fw-la even_o this_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o motion_n sometime_o the_o one_o more_o forword_n sometime_o the_o other_o in_o their_o end_n because_o this_o go_v to_o assault_v and_o to_o break_v the_o enemy_n battle_n the_o other_o stand_v fast_o and_o seek_v only_o to_o save_v itself_o the_o one_o be_v offensive_a the_o other_o defensive_a so_o that_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o this_o be_v both_o frame_v out_o of_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n both_o have_v their_o fileleader_n within_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o yet_o differ_v in_o that_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v but_o one_o body_n hollow_v within_o this_o divide_a into_o two_o body_n and_o they_o fear_v to_o be_v enclose_v the_o case_n of_o this_o square_n be_v almost_o all_o one_o with_o the_o square_n against_o which_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v oppose_v for_o both_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v enclose_v now_o as_o the_o other_o square_n be_v fain_o to_o cast_v itself_o into_o a_o triphalange_n and_o to_o oppose_v two_o of_o the_o phalanges_fw-la against_o the_o two_o wing_n of_o the_o
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advise_v to_o keep_v the_o first_o distance_n especial_o till_o you_o be_v command_v to_o the_o second_o or_o three_o distance_n which_o will_v often_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o four_o motion_n of_o which_o facing_n be_v the_o first_o and_o the_o word_n of_o motion_n direction_n in_o it_o be_v these_o as_o before_o in_o aelian_n 12_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n 25._o that_o be_v face_n to_o the_o tight_a hand_n for_o the_o pike_n be_v always_o bear_v in_o the_o right_a hand_n 14_o face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o pike-man_n in_o the_o macedonian_a army_n bear_v target_n on_o their_o left_a arm_n or_o on_o the_o left_a side_n so_o that_o face_n to_o the_o target_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o word_n of_o command_n face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n 16_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n that_o be_v face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n but_o where_o he_o add_v move_v a_o little_a further_o he_o signify_v that_o the_o direction_n be_v not_o full_o accomplish_v and_o 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towards_o the_o midst_n their_o half_a rank_n follow_v they_o and_o meet_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o stand_v there_o and_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v your_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n observe_v that_o in_o countermarch_v by_o rank_n the_o three_o countermarche_n macedonian_a lacedaemonian_a and_o choraean_a may_v be_v practise_v as_o well_o as_o in_o countermarch_v by_o file_n if_o the_o flank_n near_o to_o the_o enemy_n begin_v the_o countermarch_v this_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n because_o it_o make_v a_o show_n of_o shift_v away_o if_o the_o flank_n further_a from_o the_o enemy_n begin_v it_o be_v the_o lacedaemonian_a in_o that_o it_o carry_v a_o semblance_n of_o fall_v on_o but_o when_o one_o flank_n countermarch_v till_o it_o come_v just_a up_o to_o the_o other_o and_o no_o further_o it_o be_v the_o choraean_a because_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n wheel_v be_v the_o four_o and_o last_o motion_n and_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o whole_a entire_a motion_n battle_n or_o in_o the_o part_n thereof_o aelian_n give_v word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o whole_a battle_n only_o and_o they_o be_v these_o wheel_v the_o body_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o to_o the_o target_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o wheel_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o right_a hand_n the_o right_a hand_n corner_n file-leader_n be_v only_o to_o turn_v his_o body_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_v even_o with_o the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o right_a hand_n aspect_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o move_v about_o he_o make_v he_o the_o center_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o circle_a motion_n if_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_v leader_n be_v to_o do_v the_o like_a the_o same_o order_n be_v of_o wheelin_n the_o battle_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n aelian_n as_o i_o â—aiâ—_n give_v here_o no_o other_o word_n of_o command_n then_o for_o the_o wheel_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n yet_o be_v the_o wheeling_n of_o the_o part_n of_o great_a use_n for_o either_o the_o flank_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n or_o the_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n the_o front_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o flank_n when_o we_o desire_v to_o form_v the_o antistomus_n phalange_n to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n give_v on_o both_o flank_n and_o then_o the_o two_o middlemost_a bringer_n up_o be_v to_o stand_v and_o the_o middle_a fileleader_n to_o divine_v themselves_o and_o to_o move_v half_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n half_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n make_v those_o two_o bringer_n up_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o front_n into_o flank_n by_o division_n if_o the_o flank_n be_v to_o be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n the_o two_o middle_a fileleader_n be_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o the_o two_o half_a body_n to_o move_v about_o they_o one_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o 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sleeve_n up_o by_o it_o on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n till_o they_o all_o come_v to_o a_o even_a front_n a._n xenophon_n show_v the_o manner_n in_o a_o company_n who_o word_n be_v these_o in_o english_a then_o he_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a behold_v another_o 〈◊〉_d captain_n lead_v his_o company_n from_o the_o river_n side_n to_o dinner_n one_o soldier_n follow_v another_o in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d single_a file_n who_o when_o he_o think_v â—it_n command_v the_o second_o and_o three_o and_o four_o file_n to_o sleeve_n up_o and_o make_v a_o even_a front_n with_o the_o first_o the_o fileleader_n be_v new_a in_o front_n he_o command_v the_o 〈◊〉_d half_a file_n to_o double_v the_o front_n so_o that_o new_a the_o decadarche_n or_o leader_n of_o half_a file_n stand_v in_o front_n again_o when_o it_o seem_v good_a he_o command_v the_o reaâ—e_n quarter_n file_v to_o double_v the_o front_n so_o the_o pempedarche_n or_o leader_n of_o the_o quarter_n of_o file_n lead_v up_o and_o the_o file_n march_v on_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n when_o they_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o tent_n door_n he_o command_v the_o first_o file_n to_o single_a out_o again_o and_o to_o enter_v in_o and_o the_o second_o to_o follow_v it_o single_a in_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o the_o three_o and_o four_o till_o all_o be_v within_o the_o tent._n to_o clear_v these_o word_n of_o xenophon_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o company_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o mention_v consist_v of_o 100_o man_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o file_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d each_o file_n contain_v twenty_o four_o man_n the_o file_n have_v five_o officer_n the_o file_n leader_n the_o decadarch_n two_o pempedarch_n and_o the_o bringer_n up_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o file_n stand_v the_o file-leader_n and_o behind_o he_o direct_o five_o man_n next_o after_o they_o stand_v the_o first_o pempedarch_n and_o five_o man_n that_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o file_n that_o 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yet_o remain_v the_o file_n file_n as_o they_o be_v before_o and_o be_v not_o alter_v into_o rank_n aelian_n himself_o give_v testimony_n hereto_o affirm_v that_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n whereas_o if_o the_o file_n hold_v not_o their_o first_o name_n after_o wheel_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a flank_n the_o march_n forward_o the_o fileleader_n be_v in_o the_o flank_n shall_v be_v by_o file_n and_o not_o by_o rank_n 4._o for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple_a side_n a_o doubleside_v 〈…〉_z be_v that_o which_o have_v the_o fileleader_n on_o both_o the_o flank_n the_o rest_n back_o to_o back_o within_o when_o the_o enemy_n give_v on_o for_o otherwise_o when_o they_o march_v forward_o all_o their_o face_n be_v set_v one_o way_n that_o be_v towards_o the_o place_n whether_o the_o march_n be_v intend_v a_o treble-sided_n battle_n be_v when_o three_o side_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v whether_o the_o 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hollowness_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o therefore_o it_o be_v now_o resolve_v aforehand_o who_o shall_v command_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o plesium_n and_o take_v charge_n of_o vaunt_v who_o on_o the_o flank_n and_o who_o in_o the_o rear_n we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o take_v advice_n at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o put_v in_o execution_n that_o which_o be_v resolve_v before_o and_o a_o little_a after_o and_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o cherisophus_n be_v the_o fit_a commander_n for_o the_o vaunt_v because_o he_o be_v a_o lacedaemonian_a and_o let_v two_o of_o the_o â—ldest_a colonel_n take_v care_n of_o the_o flank_n the_o young_a namely_o myself_o and_o timasion_n will_v look_v to_o the_o rear_n this_o be_v xenophons_n counsel_n and_o in_o this_o form_n they_o march_v and_o be_v charge_v afterward_o with_o both_o persian_a horse_n and_o foot_n they_o defend_v themselves_o against_o all_o effort_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o quadruple_a battle_n therefore_o be_v use_v when_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v to_o give_v on_o all_o side_n and_o he_o that_o can_v frame_v it_o can_v easy_o cast_v his_o troop_n into_o the_o other_o two_o form_n yet_o will_v not_o every_o receive_n the_o enemy_n in_o flank_n prove_v a_o deduction_n for_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n and_o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n you_o shall_v be_v drive_v to_o facing_n wherein_o you_o only_o turn_v the_o face_n of_o soldier_n to_o the_o flank_n without_o any_o deduction_n see_v the_o figure_n of_o this_o battle_n express_v in_o the_o picture_n 5._o do_v make_v the_o length_n double_a to_o the_o depth_n i_o suspect_v this_o place_n to_o be_v corrupt_v in_o the_o text_n of_o aelian_n the_o rather_o because_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o a_o deduction_n he_o say_v that_o deduction_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n wherein_o the_o depth_n 〈◊〉_d manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n as_o the_o last_o foregoing_a chapter_n do_v show_v beside_o the_o example_n which_o be_v give_v in_o the_o text_n be_v not_o of_o double_a proportion_n but_o of_o treble_a and_o more_o ten_o comprehend_v three_o three_o time_n and_o more_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n chap._n xxxviii_o 1_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v two_o front_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o battle_n that_o be_v set_v and_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v a_o front_n see_v then_o in_o this_o form_n the_o middlemost_a be_v order_v back_o to_o back_n and_o those_o in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n the_o one_o be_v commander_n in_o front_n the_o other_o in_o rear_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v amphistomus_fw-la it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n against_o a_o enemy_n strong_a in_o horse_n and_o able_a to_o give_v a_o hot_a and_o dangerous_a charge_n and_o principal_o practise_v against_o cap._n 38_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la those_o barbarian_n that_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n ister_n who_o they_o also_o call_v amphippi_n because_o they_o change_v their_o horse_n in_o fight_n the_o horse_n battle_n to_o encounter_v this_o form_n have_v a_o tetragonall_a shape_n be_v for_o the_o purpose_n divide_v into_o two_o broad_a square_n they_o be_v call_v broad_a square_n that_o have_v the_o front_n twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o depth_n and_o those_o square_n be_v oppose_v several_o against_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o foot-battaile_n note_n 1_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o battle_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o a_o march_n be_v describe_v partly_o in_o the_o former_a two_o chapter_n partly_o in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v whereof_o some_o be_v for_o ease_v of_o the_o march_n as_o the_o induction_n some_o for_o fight_n those_o which_o be_v for_o fight_v be_v either_o offensive_a or_o else_o defensive_a of_o the_o offensive_a kind_n be_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la before_o mention_v of_o the_o defensive_a the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o both_o the_o deduction_n which_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o two_o last_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v describe_v another_o of_o the_o defensive_a form_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o phalange_n autistomus_n in_o which_o although_o the_o march_n be_v not_o continue_v for_o it_o be_v always_o take_v up_o in_o a_o stand_n to_o resist_v a_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o remedy_n defensive_a against_o the_o sudden_a attempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v about_o to_o charge_v your_o rear_n 2._o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v litigious_a and_o there_o be_v a_o controversy_n among_o the_o learned_a which_o of_o two_o name_n the_o chapter_n shall_v bear_v gaza_n gesner_n and_o arcierus_n will_v have_v it_o inscribe_v antitistomus_n robortellus_n amphistomus_fw-la i_o have_v in_o the_o translation_n follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o robortellus_n my_o reason_n be_v because_o of_o these_o word_n in_o aelian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o in_o the_o beginning_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d charge_v the_o enemy_n which_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v not_o read_v apply_v to_o the_o flank_n and_o therefore_o take_v it_o for_o front_n and_o rear_v because_o the_o one_o namely_o the_o front_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o viz._n the_o rear_n be_v the_o end_n in_o which_o sense_n if_o you_o take_v the_o word_n the_o description_n must_v needs_o agree_v with_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la which_o the_o enemy_n charge_v both_o front_n and_o rear_v with_o the_o fileleader_n and_o their_o half_a file_n as_o they_o stand_v receive_v those_o that_o charge_v the_o front_n with_o the_o brnigers-up_a and_o the_o other_o half_a file_n face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n those_o which_o
in_o the_o 24_o chapter_n rehearse_v short_o the_o appellation_n or_o word_n of_o military_a discipline_n he_o place_v these_o form_n after_o induction_n and_o deduction_n i_o take_v it_o therefore_o that_o their_o proper_a place_n be_v after_o the_o 37_o chapter_n the_o rather_o because_o all_o the_o form_n of_o march_n from_o thenceforth_o handle_v be_v either_o square_n of_o the_o one_o kind_n or_o other_o or_o else_o spring_v out_o of_o these_o square_n i_o 1â—_n note_v before_o that_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o square_n one_o that_o have_v a_o long_a front_n than_o flank_n another_o that_o have_v a_o long_a flank_n than_o front_n the_o three_o that_o have_v the_o front_n and_o flank_v equal_a of_o the_o three_o aelian_n speak_v in_o the_o 42_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o in_o this_o chapter_n of_o these_o two_o therefore_o i_o will_v treat_v in_o order_n and_o first_o i_o will_v handle_v the_o name_n than_o the_o use_v last_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o transform_v one_o into_o another_o the_o first_o be_v call_v 1._o plagiophalanx_n or_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v often_o interpret_v for_o oblique_a which_o signification_n it_o can_v have_v here_o the_o oblique_a phalange_n be_v in_o this_o chapter_n term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o yet_o distingnish_v from_o the_o plagiophalanx_n they_o that_o translate_v plagiophalanx_n the_o transuerse_a or_o overthwart_a front_a phalange_n agree_v better_o with_o aelians_n meaning_n because_o it_o meet_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o front_n transuerse_a and_o draw_v out_o in_o length_n and_o direct_o opposite_a against_o he_o i_o have_v render_v it_o the_o broad_a front_a phalange_n as_o more_o fit_v the_o english_a tongue_n it_o may_v also_o be_v call_v the_o long-fronted_n phalange_n for_o breadth_n i_o have_v remember_v it_o before_o and_o length_n of_o a_o phalange_n be_v all_o one_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d use_v by_o arrian_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o bear_v of_o a_o pike_n he_o tell_v that_o alexander_n transport_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n ister_n to_o invade_v the_o territory_n c._n of_o the_o getes_n and_o have_v thus_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o pass_v the_o river_n with_o alexander_n be_v about_o 1500_o horse_n and_o 4000_o foot_n they_o pass_v in_o the_o night_n and_o land_v where_o the_o corn_n be_v high_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o their_o arrival_n be_v not_o descry_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o morning_n appear_v alexander_n lead_v they_o through_o the_o corn_n field_n command_v the_o foot_n that_o bear_v down_o the_o corn_n with_o their_o pike_n hold_v a_o thwart_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o shall_v march_v into_o the_o champaign_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o bear_n of_o pike_n as_o i_o interpret_v it_o be_v this_o they_o take_v the_o pike_n in_o the_o midst_n with_o both_o their_o hand_n and_o so_o bear_v they_o out_o not_o with_o the_o point_n forward_o but_o cross_a and_o parallel_v the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n that_o the_o file_n leader_n with_o one_o joint_a force_n may_v ledge_n and_o bear_v down_o the_o high-growne_a corn_n and_o make_v easy_a passage_n for_o those_o that_o follow_v if_o they_o have_v carry_v they_o out_o slope_v or_o oblique_a which_o be_v the_o other_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n it_o have_v be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o particular_a force_n of_o every_o man_n a_o part_n that_o hold_v his_o pike_n slope_v beside_o that_o they_o will_v have_v be_v entangle_v in_o the_o corn_n whereas_o the_o bear_n of_o they_o across_o parrallell_n with_o the_o front_n be_v the_o joint_a force_n of_o so_o many_o fileleader_n as_o do_v thrust_v forward_o against_o the_o corne._n therefore_o as_o when_o the_o pike_n be_v bear_v in_o full_a length_n across_o 〈◊〉_d the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o be_v a_o phalange_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o have_v a_o front_n stretch_v out_o in_o even_a length_n and_o oppose_v against_o the_o even_a front_n of_o the_o adverse_a battle_n of_o the_o enemy_n 2._o the_o length_n manifold_o exceed_v the_o depth_n aelian_n set_v not_o down_o express_o any_o proportion_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o length_n above_o the_o depth_n only_o he_o say_v it_o must_v manifold_o exceed_v the_o depth_n we_o must_v take_v it_o then_o that_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o length_n must_v be_v at_o the_o least_o threefold_a for_o thrice_o fall_v into_o the_o appellation_n of_o manifold_a a_o macedonian_a fourfold_a phalange_n may_v just_o challenge_v phalange_n this_o name_n be_v 1024_o man_n in_o length_n only_o 16_o in_o depth_n and_o likewise_o a_o phalangarch_n lead_v several_o and_o by_o itself_o as_o have_v 256_o man_n in_o length_n but_o 16_o in_o depth_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o fourfold_a 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depth_n unequal_a as_o have_v the_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n yet_o must_v the_o depth_n manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n which_o be_v contrary_a in_o the_o plagiophalange_n this_o say_v aelian_n proceed_v in_o 4._o a_o wing_n to_o proceed_v in_o a_o 9_o wing_n be_v to_o march_v on_o with_o a_o parcel_n or_o one_o body_n of_o the_o army_n namely_o with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o file_n as_o with_o a_o file_n tetrarchy_n file_n taxis_fw-la or_o file_n syntagna_n and_o to_o follow_v with_o the_o rest_n in_o like_a manner_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a army_n hold_v no_o proportion_n of_o length_n or_o breadth_n to_o the_o depth_n that_o which_o be_v call_v by_o aelian_a orthiophalanx_n be_v call_v by_o 20._o diodorus_n siculus_n and_o by_o c._n arrian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o deep_a phalange_n because_o the_o form_n of_o it_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o embattail_v as_o i_o have_v note_v upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n this_o kind_n of_o march_v the_o greek_a writer_n express_v by_o the_o word_n of_o lead_v a._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o c._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v in_o a_o wing_n whereas_o the_o other_o kind_n with_o a_o large_a front_n i_o mean_v the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n be_v say_v to_o be_v lead_v a._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o f._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o c._n in_o a_o phalange_n and_o b._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 26._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o front_n ibid._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o extension_n of_o breadth_n the_o word_n i_o recite_v to_o help_v they_o who_o although_o they_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o greek_a tongue_n yet_o be_v not_o so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o tacticke_n and_o may_v easy_o mistake_v or_o not_o understand_v the_o signification_n if_o they_o be_v not_o forewarn_v but_o because_o i_o have_v before_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n touch_v this_o matter_n i_o will_v here_o use_v a_o example_n or_o two_o only_o to_o explain_v and_o to_o give_v light_n to_o both_o form_n 14._o arrian_n report_v that_o when_o alexander_n be_v to_o pass_v the_o river_n granicus_n on_o the_o further_a side_n whereof_o the_o persian_n have_v embattle_v themselves_o in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d broad-fronted_n phalange_n to_o hinder_v his_o passage_n parmenio_n one_o of_o his_o elder_a and_o best_a commander_n come_v unto_o he_o and_o give_v he_o this_o counsel_n sir_n say_v he_o consider_v the_o persian_n be_v ready_a to_o encounter_v you_o on_o the_o other_o side_n my_o opinion_n be_v you_o can_v gain_v the_o passage_n without_o exceed_a danger_n both_o because_o your_o phalange_n can_v be_v lead_v 〈◊〉_d in_o front_n that_o be_v in_o a_o broad_a front_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o and_o sundry_a depth_n that_o be_v to_o be_v
one_o direct_o after_o another_o how_o they_o stand_v â—_o polybius_n show_v describe_v the_o same_o battle_n he_o say_v that_o scipio_n order_v the_o hastati_fw-la and_o their_o ensign_n first_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o in_o front_n and_o give_v interual_n to_o their_o maniple_n behind_o they_o the_o principes_fw-la not_o against_o the_o interual_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la as_o the_o roman_a manner_n be_v but_o behind_o they_o in_o a_o right_a line_n because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n elephant_n and_o last_o the_o triarij_fw-la on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o left_a flank_n he_o range_v c._n lelius_n with_o the_o italian_a horse_n under_o he_o on_o the_o right_a massanissa_n and_o all_o the_o numidian_a horse_n which_o he_o command_v the_o interual_n of_o the_o first_o ensign_n that_o be_v of_o the_o hastati_fw-la he_o fill_v with_o the_o body_n of_o light_n arm_v command_v they_o first_o to_o undertake_v the_o fight_n and_o in_o case_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o 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the_o fileleader_n on_o both_o side_n and_o to_o fasten_v and_o join_v together_o the_o rear_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n may_v enter_v into_o the_o hollowness_n but_o yet_o be_v mesh_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o net_n and_o neither_o able_a to_o pass_v through_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v close_o shut_v nor_o yet_o to_o give_v offence_n to_o those_o that_o fight_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v no_o man_n who_o they_o may_v charge_v in_o the_o void_a space_n nor_o yet_o dare_v to_o break_v the_o form_n of_o their_o battle_n after_o join_v for_o it_o be_v a_o good_a observation_n of_o cyrop_n vegetius_n that_o in_o fight_v the_o manner_n of_o your_o embattail_v be_v not_o
to_o be_v change_v nor_o any_o number_n of_o soldier_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o place_n than_o they_o have_v for_o hereof_o tumult_n and_o confusion_n will_v straight_o arise_v and_o the_o enemy_n will_v easy_o take_v advantage_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o ready_a or_o fallout_v to_o be_v disorder_v i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o latin_n and_o grecian_n differ_v in_o the_o name_n of_o this_o battle_n howbeit_o they_o agree_v both_o about_o the_o form_n which_o may_v here_o appear_v by_o aelian_n who_o resemble_v it_o to_o the_o letter_n v_n neither_o can_v there_o a_o better_a resemblance_n be_v make_v for_o as_o the_o letter_n v_n consist_v of_o two_o line_n which_o be_v open_a in_o the_o top_n close_o in_o the_o bottom_n so_o do_v this_o form_n of_o battle_n of_o two_o side_n which_o in_o front_n be_v void_a open_a and_o dissever_v in_o the_o rear_n join_v and_o close_v fast_o together_o if_o you_o will_v therefore_o frame_v this_o battle_n you_o must_v first_o make_v a_o square_a the_o fileleader_n be_v all_o in_o front_n then_o must_v you_o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o so_o your_o fileleader_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n last_o you_o be_v to_o open_v the_o front_n of_o your_o battle_n leave_v half_o the_o fileleader_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o one_o flank_n and_o half_a in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o other_o keep_v the_o rear_n close_o knit_v together_o and_o for_o the_o open_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o will_v receive_v into_o the_o void_a space_n the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n which_o be_v once_o let_v in_o the_o inward_a two_o flank_n of_o the_o wedge_n where_o the_o fileleader_n be_v aught_o to_o face_n to_o both_o hand_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o outward_a flank_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n and_o so_o circumvent_v they_o 7._o furthermore_o a_o triphalange_n a_o triphalange_n in_o this_o place_n of_o aelian_n be_v when_o a_o square_a body_n or_o phalange_n be_v 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the_o hollowness_n the_o other_o charge_v the_o other_o now_o it_o have_v this_o advantage_n beside_o that_o it_o spare_v reserve_v for_o all_o occasion_n by_o off-holding_a the_o three_o phalange_n if_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v beat_v by_o the_o two_o oppose_a phalanges_fw-la all_o be_v lose_v and_o no_o hope_n leave_v of_o win_v the_o field_n no_o other_o force_n be_v to_o second_v it_o where_o notwithstanding_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la have_v get_v the_o better_a may_v be_v curb_v and_o the_o victory_n arrest_v by_o this_o reserve_v and_o by_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o other_o two_o phalanges_fw-la break_v word_n of_o direction_n in_o the_o right_a induction_n 1_o the_o right-corner_n xenagy_n march_v out_o so_o be_v it_o of_o all_o other_o body_n if_o they_o begin_v the_o march_n 2_o the_o rest_n follow_v in_o xenagies_n direction_n for_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 1._o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o body_n so_o shall_v the_o file-leader_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o two_o middlemost_a leader_n must_v be_v centor_n for_o the_o other_o to_o wheel_v about_o 2._o open_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n keep_v your_o rear_n close_o for_o the_o triphalange_n 1_o the_o two_o wing_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n the_o middle_n remain_v as_o it_o be_v 2_o match_n out_o to_o the_o distance_n require_v that_o be_v to_o be_v able_a to_o meet_v in_o a_o right_a line_n the_o two_o front_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 3_o stand_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n require_v 4_o face_n as_o you_o be_v 5_o advance_v and_o charge_v of_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n xxxvii_o 1_o parogoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o 2_o a_o wing_n not_o by_o 3_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n have_v the_o commander_n or_o fileleader_n either_o on_o the_o right-hand_a which_o be_v call_v a_o right_a hand_n 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champagne_n and_o darius_n abound_v in_o multitude_n defend_v himself_o with_o a_o epicampios_fw-la opisthia_fw-la or_o a_o rear_n hollow_a battle_n i_o have_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o before_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 46_o chapter_n and_o sometime_o again_o by_o foresee_v the_o danger_n and_o place_n reserve_v in_o the_o rear_n or_o some_o other_o secret_a place_n to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o flank_n while_o they_o busy_a themselves_o against_o your_o flank_n this_o 8._o be_v practise_v by_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a against_o croesn_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 46_o chapter_n of_o 2_o this_o kind_n also_o it_o be_v when_o you_o lay_v a_o ambush_n to_o charge_v their_o rear_n while_o they_o charge_v your_o flank_n the_o place_n will_v likewise_o help_v much_o to_o avoid_v encompass_v for_o if_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v in_o a_o straight_a place_n by_o nature_n where_o the_o enemy_n can_v draw_v out_o his_o phalange_n in_o length_n 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kind_n be_v before_o describe_v by_o aelian_n in_o this_o chapter_n be_v another_o kind_n describe_v namely_o the_o half_a moon_n and_o there_o follow_v in_o other_o chapter_n the_o plagiophalange_n the_o epicampios_fw-la emprosthia_fw-la and_o the_o wedge_n of_o all_o which_o we_o be_v to_o discourse_v in_o order_n as_o they_o be_v remember_v by_o our_o author_n 3_o be_v the_o menoeid_n or_o cressant_n against_o the_o rhombe_n of_o horse_n aelian_n oppose_v the_o menoeides_n of_o foot_n a_o name_n of_o battle_n borrow_v from_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o moon_n and_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v join_v to_o make_v up_o the_o composition_n signify_v a_o full_a shape_n or_o form_n so_o the_o word_n import_v a_o shape_n or_o form_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o yet_o this_o battle_n be_v not_o like_o all_o shape_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o like_a to_o the_o new_a moon_n when_o she_o have_v two_o horn_n and_o have_v 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&_o 184._o leo._n oftentimes_o say_v onosader_n those_o that_o have_v great_a number_n of_o man_n in_o the_o field_n be_v wont_a to_o figure_v they_o into_o a_o crescent_n suppose_v that_o in_o charge_v the_o enemy_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o join_v man_n to_o man_n that_o be_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o semicircle_n and_o fight_n with_o they_o that_o stand_v embow_v in_o do_v whereof_o they_o will_v be_v hem_v and_o wrape_v in_o in_o the_o half_a circle_n the_o wing_n of_o the_o half_a circle_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v together_o round_o about_o they_o and_o the_o whole_a bring_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o circle_n and_o leo_n likewise_o the_o figure_n bear_v there_o semblance_n of_o half_a a_o circle_n seem_v to_o be_v safe_a &_o firm_a for_o it_o enclose_v the_o enemy_n that_o come_v against_o it_o in_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o draw_v out_o the_o wing_n into_o a_o circle_n on_o both_o side_n and_o give_v more_o courage_n to_o fight_v against_o they_o the_o cause_n 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