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their_o motion_n to_o their_o first_o posture_n which_o be_v do_v by_o face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o then_o by_o move_v and_o by_o recover_v their_o first_o place_n the_o word_n be_v as_o you_o be_v countermarch_v be_v the_o three_o motion_n use_v in_o the_o change_n of_o a_o battle_n the_o use_n and_o necessity_n thereof_o appear_v in_o aelian_a before_o and_o that_o there_o be_v two_o motion_n kind_n one_o by_o file_n the_o other_o by_o rank_n the_o word_n of_o command_n that_o he_o here_o set_v down_o be_v only_o of_o countermarch_n by_o file_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o kind_n viz._n the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n and_o the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o rear_n that_o of_o the_o front_n have_v likewise_o two_o kind_n the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o the_o chorean_a that_o of_o the_o rear_n only_o one_o and_o it_o be_v call_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v now_o aelians_n direction_n follow_v 20_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v 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man_n behind_o his_o next_o leader_n and_o face_v about_o as_o they_o do_v the_o word_n be_v fileleader_n face_n about_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n pass_v thorough_a and_o place_n yourselves_o behind_o your_o next_o leader_n the_o next_o in_o aelian_n be_v 24_o the_o chorean_a countermarch_v this_o countermarch_v be_v of_o the_o front_n as_o i_o say_v but_o it_o keep_v the_o ground_n that_o the_o body_n have_v before_o the_o fileleader_n their_o file_n follow_v they_o remove_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o and_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o the_o place_n that_o the_o fileleader_n have_v the_o word_n be_v fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o stand_v viz._n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o bringer_n up_o other_o countermarche_n thereare_v which_o be_v not_o here_o set_v downeby_o aelian_n 28._o but_o be_v remember_v in_o his_o chapter_n of_o countermarche_n of_o which_o the_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n of_o the_o whole_a battle_n be_v one_o the_o other_o be_v the_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n in_o the_o part_n and_o as_o in_o the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n or_o rear_v the_o rank_n first_o begin_v to_o move_v so_o in_o countermarch_v of_o the_o flank_n the_o file_n entire_a begin_v to_o move_v and_o as_o in_o the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n or_o rear_v the_o rank_n follow_v one_o another_o by_o file_n so_o in_o countermarch_v of_o the_o flank_n the_o file_n follow_v one_o another_o by_o rank_n that_o be_v the_o soldier_n of_o every_o rank_n follow_v one_o another_o if_o you_o will_v countermarch_n the_o right_a flank_n so_o to_o change_v one_o side_n of_o the_o battle_n for_o the_o other_o the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v the_o right_a flank_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n in_o countermarch_v the_o left_a flank_n the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v the_o left_a flank_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o countermarch_n the_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n both_o the_o uttermost_a corner-file_n be_v to_o move_v towards_o the_o midst_n their_o half_a rank_n follow_v they_o and_o meet_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o stand_v there_o and_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v your_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n observe_v that_o in_o countermarch_v by_o rank_n the_o three_o countermarche_n macedonian_a lacedaemonian_a and_o choraean_a may_v be_v practise_v as_o well_o as_o in_o countermarch_v by_o file_n if_o the_o flank_n near_o to_o the_o enemy_n begin_v the_o countermarch_v this_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n because_o it_o make_v a_o show_n of_o shift_v away_o if_o the_o flank_n further_a from_o the_o enemy_n begin_v it_o be_v the_o lacedaemonian_a in_o that_o it_o carry_v a_o semblance_n of_o fall_v on_o but_o when_o one_o flank_n countermarch_v till_o it_o come_v just_a up_o to_o the_o other_o and_o no_o further_o it_o be_v the_o choraean_a because_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n wheel_v be_v the_o four_o and_o last_o motion_n and_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o whole_a entire_a motion_n battle_n or_o in_o the_o part_n thereof_o aelian_n give_v word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o whole_a battle_n only_o and_o they_o be_v these_o wheel_v the_o body_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o to_o the_o target_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o wheel_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o right_a hand_n the_o right_a hand_n corner_n file-leader_n be_v only_o to_o turn_v his_o body_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_v even_o with_o the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o right_a hand_n aspect_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o move_v about_o he_o make_v he_o the_o center_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o circle_a motion_n if_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_v leader_n be_v to_o do_v the_o like_a the_o same_o order_n be_v of_o wheelin_n the_o battle_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n aelian_n as_o i_o â—aiâ—_n give_v here_o no_o other_o word_n of_o command_n then_o for_o the_o wheel_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n yet_o be_v the_o wheeling_n of_o the_o part_n of_o great_a use_n for_o either_o the_o flank_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n or_o the_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n the_o front_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o flank_n when_o we_o desire_v to_o form_v the_o antistomus_n phalange_n to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n give_v on_o both_o flank_n and_o then_o the_o two_o middlemost_a bringer_n up_o be_v to_o stand_v and_o the_o middle_a fileleader_n to_o divine_v themselves_o and_o to_o move_v half_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n half_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n make_v those_o two_o bringer_n up_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o front_n into_o flank_n by_o division_n if_o the_o flank_n be_v to_o be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n the_o two_o middle_a fileleader_n be_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o the_o two_o half_a body_n to_o move_v about_o they_o one_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a till_o the_o two_o flank_n be_v in_o the_o front_n and_o the_o front_n in_o the_o midst_n this_o kind_n be_v practise_v when_o we_o will_v frame_v the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o flank_n into_o the_o front_n it_o be_v to_o be_v remember_v that_o after_o every_o motion_n a_o restitution_n to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v to_o be_v command_v in_o these_o word_n as_o you_o be_v in_o face_v you_o be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o contrary_a hand_n as_o if_o the_o command_n be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n in_o return_v you_o come_v to_o the_o left_a in_o double_v you_o must_v do_v the_o like_a in_o countermarch_n likewise_o whether_o you_o countermarch_n the_o whole_a body_n or_o the_o parcel_n thereof_o you_o be_v to_o return_v by_o the_o contrary_a hand_n after_o
in_o the_o 24_o chapter_n rehearse_v short_o the_o appellation_n or_o word_n of_o military_a discipline_n he_o place_v these_o form_n after_o induction_n and_o deduction_n i_o take_v it_o therefore_o that_o their_o proper_a place_n be_v after_o the_o 37_o chapter_n the_o rather_o because_o all_o the_o form_n of_o march_n from_o thenceforth_o handle_v be_v either_o square_n of_o the_o one_o kind_n or_o other_o or_o else_o spring_v out_o of_o these_o square_n i_o 1â—_n note_v before_o that_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o square_n one_o that_o have_v a_o long_a front_n than_o flank_n another_o that_o have_v a_o long_a flank_n than_o front_n the_o three_o that_o have_v the_o front_n and_o flank_v equal_a of_o the_o three_o aelian_n speak_v in_o the_o 42_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o in_o this_o chapter_n of_o these_o two_o therefore_o i_o will_v treat_v in_o order_n and_o first_o i_o will_v handle_v the_o name_n than_o the_o use_v last_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o transform_v one_o into_o another_o the_o first_o be_v call_v 1._o plagiophalanx_n or_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v often_o interpret_v for_o oblique_a which_o signification_n it_o can_v have_v here_o the_o oblique_a phalange_n be_v in_o this_o chapter_n term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o yet_o distingnish_v from_o the_o plagiophalanx_n they_o that_o translate_v plagiophalanx_n the_o transuerse_a or_o overthwart_a front_a phalange_n agree_v better_o with_o aelians_n meaning_n because_o it_o meet_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o front_n transuerse_a and_o draw_v out_o in_o length_n and_o direct_o opposite_a against_o he_o i_o have_v render_v it_o the_o broad_a front_a phalange_n as_o more_o fit_v the_o english_a tongue_n it_o may_v also_o be_v call_v the_o long-fronted_n phalange_n for_o breadth_n i_o have_v remember_v it_o before_o and_o length_n of_o a_o phalange_n be_v all_o one_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v 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so_o bear_v they_o out_o not_o with_o the_o point_n forward_o but_o cross_a and_o parallel_v the_o front_n of_o the_o phalange_n that_o the_o file_n leader_n with_o one_o joint_a force_n may_v ledge_n and_o bear_v down_o the_o high-growne_a corn_n and_o make_v easy_a passage_n for_o those_o that_o follow_v if_o they_o have_v carry_v they_o out_o slope_v or_o oblique_a which_o be_v the_o other_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n it_o have_v be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o particular_a force_n of_o every_o man_n a_o part_n that_o hold_v his_o pike_n slope_v beside_o that_o they_o will_v have_v be_v entangle_v in_o the_o corn_n whereas_o the_o bear_n of_o they_o across_o parrallell_n with_o the_o front_n be_v the_o joint_a force_n of_o so_o many_o fileleader_n as_o do_v thrust_v forward_o against_o the_o corne._n therefore_o as_o when_o the_o pike_n be_v bear_v in_o full_a length_n across_o 〈◊〉_d the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o pike_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o be_v a_o phalange_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o have_v a_o front_n stretch_v out_o in_o even_a length_n and_o oppose_v against_o the_o even_a front_n of_o the_o adverse_a battle_n of_o the_o enemy_n 2._o the_o length_n manifold_o exceed_v the_o depth_n aelian_n set_v not_o down_o express_o any_o proportion_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o length_n above_o the_o depth_n only_o he_o say_v it_o must_v manifold_o exceed_v the_o depth_n we_o must_v take_v it_o then_o that_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o length_n must_v be_v at_o the_o least_o threefold_a for_o thrice_o fall_v into_o the_o appellation_n of_o manifold_a a_o macedonian_a fourfold_a phalange_n may_v just_o challenge_v phalange_n this_o name_n be_v 1024_o man_n in_o length_n only_o 16_o in_o depth_n and_o likewise_o a_o phalangarch_n lead_v several_o and_o by_o itself_o as_o have_v 256_o man_n in_o length_n but_o 16_o in_o depth_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o fourfold_a phalange_n till_o you_o come_v down_o to_o a_o pentecosiarchy_n albeit_o range_v by_o themselves_o be_v likewise_o plagiophalanges_fw-la or_o broad-fronted_n bastacle_n a_o pentecosiarchy_n have_v only_o twice_o so_o many_o in_o front_n as_o in_o flank_n as_o 32_o in_o front_n 16_o in_o flank_n and_o therefore_o 16._o come_v not_o under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n so_o that_o let_v the_o battle_n be_v as_o long_o as_o you_o list_v have_v but_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n it_o still_o be_v account_v a_o plagiophalange_n when_o it_o be_v but_o twice_o so_o long_o in_o front_n as_o in_o flank_n it_o can_v deserve_v that_o name_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v term_v rather_o a_o square_a of_o ground_n because_o the_o flank_n in_o a_o square_a of_o ground_n take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n as_o the_o front_n to_o the_o battaile-broad-fronted_n be_v next_o add_v the_o phalange_n call_v 3._o orthiophalange_n or_o hearse_n which_o albeit_o it_o have_v the_o length_n and_o depth_n unequal_a as_o have_v the_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n yet_o must_v the_o depth_n manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n which_o be_v contrary_a in_o the_o plagiophalange_n this_o say_v aelian_n proceed_v in_o 4._o a_o wing_n to_o proceed_v in_o a_o 9_o wing_n be_v to_o march_v on_o with_o a_o parcel_n or_o one_o body_n of_o the_o army_n namely_o with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o file_n as_o with_o a_o file_n tetrarchy_n file_n taxis_fw-la or_o file_n syntagna_n and_o to_o follow_v with_o the_o rest_n in_o like_a manner_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a army_n hold_v no_o proportion_n of_o length_n or_o breadth_n to_o the_o depth_n that_o which_o be_v call_v by_o aelian_a orthiophalanx_n be_v call_v by_o 20._o diodorus_n siculus_n and_o by_o c._n arrian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o deep_a phalange_n because_o the_o form_n of_o it_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o embattail_v as_o i_o have_v note_v upon_o the_o seven_o chapter_n this_o kind_n of_o 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one_o direct_o after_o another_o how_o they_o stand_v â—_o polybius_n show_v describe_v the_o same_o battle_n he_o say_v that_o scipio_n order_v the_o hastati_fw-la and_o their_o ensign_n first_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o in_o front_n and_o give_v interual_n to_o their_o maniple_n behind_o they_o the_o principes_fw-la not_o against_o the_o interual_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la as_o the_o roman_a manner_n be_v but_o behind_o they_o in_o a_o right_a line_n because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o enemy_n elephant_n and_o last_o the_o triarij_fw-la on_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o left_a flank_n he_o range_v c._n lelius_n with_o the_o italian_a horse_n under_o he_o on_o the_o right_a massanissa_n and_o all_o the_o numidian_a horse_n which_o he_o command_v the_o interual_n of_o the_o first_o ensign_n that_o be_v of_o the_o hastati_fw-la he_o fill_v with_o the_o body_n of_o light_n arm_v command_v they_o first_o to_o undertake_v the_o fight_n and_o in_o case_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o 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antiochus_n have_v fortify_v the_o straits_n of_o thermopyle_n with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o draw_v forth_o his_o army_n order_o for_o fight_v to_o make_v good_a the_o place_n against_o acilius_n acilius_n divide_v his_o troop_n into_o three_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o cato_n toâ—laccus_fw-la â—laccus_z the_o one_o to_o make_v his_o passage_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n the_o other_o on_o the_o other_o himself_o lead_v the_o ordinary_a way_n against_o antiochus_n and_o frame_v of_o his_o owneâ—_n part_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o manner_n of_o embattel_v alone_o say_v appian_n serve_v for_o straight_a way_n â—e_v push_v on_o and_o force_v his_o enemy_n to_o retire_v gain_v his_o campe._n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o mention_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o hearse_n orthie-phalange_a which_o aelian_n have_v set_v down_o in_o this_o chapter_n namely_o have_v one_o maniple_n or_o if_o the_o straight_o permit_v not_o a_o maniple_n of_o 12_o file_n to_o march_v entire_o in_o front_n one_o ordo_fw-la consist_v of_o six_o file_n to_o advance_v the_o rest_n follow_v in_o the_o same_o â—inde_n as_o the_o fashion_n be_v of_o the_o right_a induction_n remember_v by_o aelian_a hereafter_o in_o his_o 36_o chapter_n now_o albeit_o that_o form_n come_v near_o to_o the_o grecian_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o the_o one_o fill_v the_o way_n with_o the_o maniple_n or_o ordo_fw-la as_o it_o fall_v our_o in_o the_o same_o figure_n that_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o field_n the_o other_o change_v the_o order_n of_o the_o field_n draw_v the_o company_n out_o into_o one_o file_n and_o join_v other_o company_n with_o it_o in_o front_n as_o many_o as_o the_o way_n will_v receive_v so_o that_o the_o grecian_a have_v too_o in_o depth_n of_o the_o body_n the_o roman_a but_o 10._o we_o be_v not_o to_o pretermit_v that_o albeit_o acilius_n use_v this_o form_n to_o dislodge_v 〈…〉_z from_o the_o hâ—ll_n yet_o he_o trust_v not_o to_o it_o alone_o but_o divide_v his_o 〈…〉_z into_o three_o part_n he_o cause_v two_o of_o they_o to_o march_v up_o the_o hill_n on_o both_o side_n himself_o on_o the_o midst_n to_o the_o end_n that_o one_o part_n may_v â—aine_v the_o height_n over_o 〈…〉_z head_n and_o so_o make_v he_o forsake_v his_o ground_n thus_o far_o of_o the_o use_n of_o these_o two_o 〈…〉_z of_o phalanges_fw-la or_o battle_n it_o remain_v to_o show_v how_o one_o of_o they_o may_v be_v transsorm_v into_o another_o the_o next_o proceed_n chapter_n teach_v that_o out_o of_o doubling_n of_o rank_n the_o another_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n arise_v as_o the_o depth_n out_o of_o double_v of_o file_n i_o have_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o both_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 8_o and_o 29_o chapter_n and_o this_o manner_n be_v easy_a in_o a_o single_a company_n or_o in_o a_o small_a army_n in_o great_a body_n it_o have_v no_o file_n great_a use_n let_v the_o example_n be_v of_o a_o phalangarchy_n which_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o fourfold_a phalange_n and_o contain_v 256_o file_n double_o the_o file_n once_o you_o shall_v 128_o file_n and_o 32_o man_n in_o depth_n and_o but_o 3_o foot_n distance_n in_o rank_n the_o second_o double_v bring_v forth_o 64_o file_n and_o as_o many_o man_n in_o depth_n but_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o rank_n and_o rank_n be_v but_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a beyond_o this_o double_n you_o can_v proceed_v for_o beside_o the_o confusion_n of_o place_n of_o officer_n which_o be_v in_o number_n above_o 7._o 250_o in_o a_o phalangarchy_n the_o interual_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n will_v not_o convenient_o allow_v above_o two_o doubling_n your_o open_a order_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n wherein_o they_o stand_v at_o first_o give_v but_o six_o foot_n the_o first_o double_v take_v away_o three_o foot_n from_o every_o internal_a the_o second_o leave_v but_o a_o soot_n and_o half_a and_o consider_v that_o when_o the_o battle_n be_v close_v for_o fight_n the_o near_a 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certain_a mountain_n over_o which_o the_o grecian_n be_v to_o pass_v make_v alte_fw-la some_o 30_o furlong_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o enemy_n lest_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n he_o shall_v fight_v with_o his_o army_n be_v lead_v in_o a_o wing_n or_o orthiophalange_n he_o command_v therefore_o the_o captain_n that_o follow_v he_o with_o their_o company_n every_o one_o after_o another_o to_o 〈◊〉_d sleeve_n up_o their_o company_n by_o he_o to_o the_o intent_n to_o cast_v the_o army_n into_o a_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad_a front_a battle_n when_o thereare_a commander_n be_v come_v up_o he_o call_v a_o counsel_n to_o advise_v of_o the_o best_a course_n in_o proceed_v here_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o grecian_n march_v express_v to_o be_v in_o a_o hearse_n or_o orthiophalange_n which_o consist_v of_o many_o company_n one_o follow_v another_o and_o likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o transfigure_v the_o hearse_n into_o a_o broad_a front_a phalange_n viz._n the_o captain_n one_o after_o another_o sleeve_v up_o their_o company_n by_o cherisophus_n his_o company_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o make_v a_o equal_a front_n with_o he_o and_o yet_o this_o example_n contain_v no_o more_o than_o the_o sleeve_v up_o of_o the_o company_n upon_o one_o flank_n cherisophus_n first_o make_v a_o stand_n with_o his_o company_n have_v the_o vant_n the_o follow_a captain_n sleeve_v up_o their_o company_n on_o his_o left_a hand_n as_o the_o file_n do_v one_o after_o another_o in_o the_o other_o example_n d._n alexander_n use_v another_o kind_n of_o sleeve_v a_o little_a before_o he_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o issos_n for_o cauf_v the_o vanguard_n first_o to_o stand_v he_o command_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o foot_n to_o march_v up_o to_o the_o front_n of_o the_o vanguard_n on_o either_o flank_n the_o word_n lie_v thus_o in_o arrian_n alexander_n have_v by_o midnight_n gain_v the_o straits_n of_o cilicia_n set_v out_o a_o straight_a watch_n upon_o the_o rock_n rest_v and_o 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darius_n with_o 20000._o horse_n and_o well_o nigh_o as_o many_o foot_n have_v embattel_v themselves_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n to_o hinder_v his_o passage_n the_o river_n be_v full_a of_o depth_n and_o slallowe_n somewhat_o dangerous_a to_o enter_v and_o the_o bank_n on_o the_o further_a side_n high_a rough_a and_o steepy_a beside_o the_o enemy_n be_v ready_a with_o horse_n cast_v into_o a_o long_a or_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n and_o with_o second_o of_o foot_n to_o beat_v he_o back_o that_o shall_v offer_v to_o climb_v the_o bank_n alexander_n be_v resolve_v to_o pass_v over_o first_o order_v his_o troop_n in_o a_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n the_o right_a wing_n he_o command_v himself_o and_o give_v the_o command_n of_o the_o leave_v to_o parmenio_n then_o put_v the_o scout-horse_n with_o the_o paeonian_o into_o the_o river_n and_o after_o they_o a_o phalangarchy_n of_o foot_n lead_v by_o amyntas_n the_o son_n of_o arrabius_n and_o then_o ptolemy_n the_o son_n 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yet_o remain_v the_o file_n file_n as_o they_o be_v before_o and_o be_v not_o alter_v into_o rank_n aelian_n himself_o give_v testimony_n hereto_o affirm_v that_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n whereas_o if_o the_o file_n hold_v not_o their_o first_o name_n after_o wheel_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a flank_n the_o march_n forward_o the_o fileleader_n be_v in_o the_o flank_n shall_v be_v by_o file_n and_o not_o by_o rank_n 4._o for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple_a side_n a_o doubleside_v 〈…〉_z be_v that_o which_o have_v the_o fileleader_n on_o both_o the_o flank_n the_o rest_n back_o to_o back_o within_o when_o the_o enemy_n give_v on_o for_o otherwise_o when_o they_o march_v forward_o all_o their_o face_n be_v set_v one_o way_n that_o be_v towards_o the_o place_n whether_o the_o march_n be_v intend_v a_o treble-sided_n battle_n be_v when_o three_o side_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v whether_o the_o front_n and_o both_o the_o flank_n or_o both_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o rear_n or_o the_o rear_n one_o of_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o front_n and_o the_o fileleader_n be_v order_v on_o all_o the_o three_o side_n a_o quadruple_a battle_n be_v when_o the_o fileleader_n be_v place_v in_o front_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o in_o both_o the_o flank_n a_o example_n of_o the_o quadruple_a battle_n will_v show_v the_o use_n and_o frame_n of_o the_o rest_n for_o as_o the_o rest_n oppose_v one_o two_o or_o three_o side_n against_o the_o enemy_n so_o the_o quadruple_a fortify_v and_o strengthen_v all_o the_o four_o side_n by_o place_v the_o fileleader_n in_o they_o of_o order_v the_o fileleader_n upon_o one_o flank_n deduction_n may_v be_v be_v a_o example_n upon_o both_o flank_n the_o antistomus_n phalange_n upon_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o amphistomus_fw-la on_o all_o four_o side_n the_o plesium_n of_o all_o which_o occasion_n will_v be_v give_v to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o i_o may_v signify_v 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hollowness_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o therefore_o it_o be_v now_o resolve_v aforehand_o who_o shall_v command_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o plesium_n and_o take_v charge_n of_o vaunt_v who_o on_o the_o flank_n and_o who_o in_o the_o rear_n we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o take_v advice_n at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o put_v in_o execution_n that_o which_o be_v resolve_v before_o and_o a_o little_a after_o and_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o cherisophus_n be_v the_o fit_a commander_n for_o the_o vaunt_v because_o he_o be_v a_o lacedaemonian_a and_o let_v two_o of_o the_o â—ldest_a colonel_n take_v care_n of_o the_o flank_n the_o young_a namely_o myself_o and_o timasion_n will_v look_v to_o the_o rear_n this_o be_v xenophons_n counsel_n and_o in_o this_o form_n they_o march_v and_o be_v charge_v afterward_o with_o both_o persian_a horse_n and_o foot_n they_o defend_v themselves_o against_o all_o effort_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o quadruple_a battle_n therefore_o be_v use_v when_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v to_o give_v on_o all_o side_n and_o he_o that_o can_v frame_v it_o can_v easy_o cast_v his_o troop_n into_o the_o other_o two_o form_n yet_o will_v not_o every_o receive_n the_o enemy_n in_o flank_n prove_v a_o deduction_n for_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n and_o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n you_o shall_v be_v drive_v to_o facing_n wherein_o you_o only_o turn_v the_o face_n of_o soldier_n to_o the_o flank_n without_o any_o deduction_n see_v the_o figure_n of_o this_o battle_n express_v in_o the_o picture_n 5._o do_v make_v the_o length_n double_a to_o the_o depth_n i_o suspect_v this_o place_n to_o be_v corrupt_v in_o the_o text_n of_o aelian_n the_o rather_o because_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o a_o deduction_n he_o say_v that_o deduction_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n wherein_o the_o depth_n 〈◊〉_d manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n as_o the_o last_o foregoing_a chapter_n do_v show_v beside_o the_o example_n which_o be_v give_v in_o the_o text_n be_v not_o of_o double_a proportion_n but_o of_o treble_a and_o more_o ten_o comprehend_v three_o three_o time_n and_o more_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n chap._n xxxviii_o 1_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v two_o front_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o battle_n that_o be_v set_v and_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v a_o front_n see_v then_o in_o this_o form_n the_o middlemost_a be_v order_v back_o to_o back_n and_o those_o in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n the_o one_o be_v commander_n in_o front_n the_o other_o in_o rear_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v amphistomus_fw-la it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n against_o a_o enemy_n strong_a in_o horse_n and_o able_a to_o give_v a_o hot_a and_o dangerous_a charge_n and_o principal_o practise_v against_o cap._n 38_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la those_o barbarian_n that_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n ister_n who_o they_o also_o call_v amphippi_n because_o they_o change_v their_o horse_n in_o fight_n the_o horse_n battle_n to_o encounter_v this_o form_n have_v a_o tetragonall_a shape_n be_v for_o the_o purpose_n divide_v into_o two_o broad_a square_n they_o be_v call_v broad_a square_n that_o have_v the_o front_n twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o depth_n and_o those_o square_n be_v oppose_v several_o against_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o foot-battaile_n note_n 1_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o battle_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o a_o march_n be_v describe_v partly_o in_o the_o former_a two_o chapter_n partly_o in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v whereof_o some_o be_v for_o ease_v of_o the_o march_n as_o the_o induction_n some_o for_o fight_n those_o which_o be_v for_o fight_v be_v either_o offensive_a or_o else_o defensive_a of_o the_o offensive_a kind_n be_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la before_o mention_v of_o the_o defensive_a the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o both_o the_o deduction_n which_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o two_o last_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v describe_v another_o of_o the_o defensive_a form_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o phalange_n autistomus_n in_o which_o although_o the_o march_n be_v not_o continue_v for_o it_o be_v always_o take_v up_o in_o a_o stand_n to_o resist_v a_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o remedy_n defensive_a against_o the_o sudden_a attempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v about_o to_o charge_v your_o rear_n 2._o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v litigious_a and_o there_o be_v a_o controversy_n among_o the_o learned_a which_o of_o two_o name_n the_o chapter_n shall_v bear_v gaza_n gesner_n and_o arcierus_n will_v have_v it_o inscribe_v antitistomus_n robortellus_n amphistomus_fw-la i_o have_v in_o the_o translation_n follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o robortellus_n my_o reason_n be_v because_o of_o these_o word_n in_o aelian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o in_o the_o beginning_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d charge_v the_o enemy_n which_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v not_o read_v apply_v to_o the_o flank_n and_o therefore_o take_v it_o for_o front_n and_o rear_v because_o the_o one_o namely_o the_o front_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o viz._n the_o rear_n be_v the_o end_n in_o which_o sense_n if_o you_o take_v the_o word_n the_o description_n must_v needs_o agree_v with_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la which_o the_o enemy_n charge_v both_o front_n and_o rear_v with_o the_o fileleader_n and_o their_o half_a file_n as_o they_o stand_v receive_v those_o that_o charge_v the_o front_n with_o the_o brnigers-up_a and_o the_o other_o half_a file_n face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n those_o which_o
charge_v the_o rear_n but_o since_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o fault_n in_o the_o text_n and_o where_o it_o be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o shall_v be_v correct_v and_o write_v as_o i_o take_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n 10._o julius_n pollux_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o forepart_n of_o those_o that_o fight_n be_v call_v the_o front_n the_o rank_n and_o the_o face_n the_o outward_a part_n on_o each_o side_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o flank_n the_o wing_n the_o right_a and_o the_o left_a the_o midst_n the_o navel_n f._n the_o depth_n the_o parget_n or_o wall_n the_o like_a do_v 89._o leo_n in_o many_o place_n and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a number_n be_v general_o take_v for_o the_o flank_n albeit_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n i_o deny_v not_o to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o rear_n sometime_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d xenophon_n who_o describe_v a_o fight_n betwixt_o the_o corcyreians_n and_o lacedaemonian_n have_v thus_o mnasippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n embattail_v his_o army_n put_v the_o enemy_n that_o be_v near_o the_o gate_n to_o flight_n and_o follow_v the_o chaâ—â—_n they_o be_v come_v near_o the_o wall_n turn_v again_o and_o throw_v and_o cast_v dart_n from_o the_o mountain_n other_o run_v out_o of_o the_o other_o gate_n in_o good_a number_n fall_v upon_o the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o be_v order_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 8_o deep_a and_o think_v the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n to_o be_v but_o weak_a endeavour_v to_o retire_v and_o fall_v off_o the_o enemy_n no_o soon_o see_v they_o give_v ground_n but_o present_o fall_v on_o more_o eager_o imagine_v they_o flee_v neither_o do_v they_o turn_v their_o face_n any_o more_o and_o they_o who_o stand_v next_o unto_o they_o soughe_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n mnasippus_n can_v give_v no_o aid_n to_o his_o distress_a soldier_n by_o reason_n he_o be_v hardly_o lay_v to_o by_o the_o corcireans_n that_o come_v to_o hand_n with_o he_o and_o his_o number_n by_o little_a and_o little_o decrease_v at_o last_o the_o enemy_n in_o great_a number_n press_v they_o sore_o that_o stand_v about_o mnasippus_n who_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o a_o very_a few_o and_o the_o arm_a foot_n of_o the_o city_n see_v what_o be_v do_v abroad_o issue_v out_o and_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v mnasippus_n they_o follow_v the_o chase_n all_o of_o they_o together_o thus_o 693._o xenophon_n and_o thus_o you_o may_v see_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n take_v for_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n howsover_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a signify_v the_o flank_n the_o antistomus_n phalange_n therefore_o differ_v from_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la in_o this_o only_a because_o the_o last_o maintain_v fight_v in_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o first_o in_o both_o flank_n and_o aelian_a in_o this_o chapter_n describe_v the_o battle_n which_o maintain_v the_o fight_n 7._o in_o the_o flank_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o inscription_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n and_o that_o the_o text_n ought_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v after_o a_o sort_n appear_v by_o aelian_n himself_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n where_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o battle_n he_o say_v plain_o that_o the_o antistomus_n fight_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d read_v then_o in_o the_o text_n those_o in_o the_o flank_n make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n in_o stead_n of_o these_o word_n those_o in_o front_n and_o rear_v and_o all_o the_o rest_n will_v agree_v to_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n 3._o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n the_o use_n of_o this_o battle_n be_v principal_o against_o horse_n as_o aelian_n give_v to_o understand_v because_o they_o be_v quick_a and_o speedy_a and_o can_v sudden_o turn_v divide_v themselves_o and_o charge_v where_o they_o list_v and_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v the_o weak_a part_n for_o your_o best_a man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v it_o be_v needful_a to_o find_v out_o some_o mean_n to_o defend_v they_o which_o be_v to_o instruct_v your_o soldier_n how_o to_o receive_v the_o charge_n by_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o flank_n in_o front_v you_o be_v always_o ready_a because_o face_n and_o weapon_n be_v bend_v that_o way_n effect_v the_o like_a in_o the_o flank_n and_o you_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v any_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o foot_n the_o danger_n be_v not_o so_o great_a because_o your_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o face_v every_o way_n as_o ready_o as_o the_o enemy_n give_v they_o only_o exercise_v and_o acqaint_v they_o with_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n 4._o and_o principal_o practise_v against_o the_o barbarian_n that_o it_o be_v much_o use_v among_o the_o grecian_n i_o find_v not_o in_o there_o history_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o use_n may_v be_v great_a in_o it_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la but_o i_o take_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v seldom_o put_v in_o practice_n to_o be_v because_o the_o flank_n of_o pike_n in_o the_o grecian_a battle_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n guard_v with_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n the_o front_n and_o rear_v have_v no_o such_o defence_n be_v common_o attach_v by_o the_o enemy_n seek_v all_o advantage_n to_o distress_v they_o and_o in_o case_n the_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n be_v absent_a the_o flank_n be_v the_o fair_a mark_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o can_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n be_v secure_v but_o by_o face_v that_o way_n where_o he_o give_v on_o which_o may_v be_v evident_o see_v by_o the_o fight_n cyrus_n the_o elder_a have_v against_o croesus_n which_o example_n you_o shall_v see_v set_v out_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 46._o chap._n page_n 79._o 5._o those_o be_v broad_a square_n that_o which_o i_o here_o translate_v a_o broad_a square_n be_v in_o the_o greek_a heteromeke_n of_o which_o form_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o note_n upon_o the_o 30._o chapter_n cap._n 39_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n front_n word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n for_o that_o form_n be_v describe_v in_o this_o chapter_n 1._o half_n rank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n 2._o charge_v your_o pike_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n 1._o advance_v your_o pike_n 2._o face_n as_o you_o be_v 1_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_fw-la chap._n thirty-nine_o 1_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n be_v like_a to_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la the_o form_n be_v a_o little_a alter_v so_o that_o it_o accustome_v the_o soldier_n to_o resist_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o incursion_n of_o horse_n all_o that_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o former_a phalange_n both_o for_o foot_n and_o horse_n agree_v with_o this_o figure_n also_o herein_o they_o differ_v that_o the_o 2_o amphistomus_fw-la receive_v the_o charge_n in_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o antistomus_n in_o flank_n but_o as_o well_o in_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o they_o fight_v with_o long_a pike_n as_o do_v the_o alan_o and_o sauromatans_n and_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o soldier_n in_o the_o file_n have_v their_o face_n bend_v forward_o the_o other_o half_o backward_o so_o that_o they_o stand_v back_o to_o back_o this_o form_n have_v two_o front_n the_o one_o before_o where_o the-file_n leader_n the_o other_o behind_o where_o the_o bringer_n up_o stand_v and_o be_v also_o divide_v into_o a_o 3_o diphalange_n it_o make_v the_o forefront_n with_o one_o the_o after-front_n with_o the_o other_o phalange_n note_n 1_o as_o the_o title_n of_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v mistake_v so_o be_v the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o shall_v have_v be_v of_o the_o antistomus_n as_o i_o have_v before_o show_v this_o of_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la that_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la the_o very_a word_n follow_v in_o this_o chapter_n will_v prove_v which_o be_v these_o the_o one_o half_a say_v he_o of_o the_o arm_a soldier_n in_o the_o file_n have_v their_o face_n bend_v forward_o the_o other_o half_o backward_o so_o that_o they_o stand_v back_o to_o back_o and_o the_o battle_n have_v two_o frontes_fw-la one_o before_o where_o the_o fileleader_n the_o other_o behind_o where_o the_o bringer_n up_o stand_v he_o describe_v the_o two_o front_n by_o the_o fileleader_n and_o bringer_n up_o who_o proper_a place_n be_v the_o front_n and_o rear_v &_o not_o the_o flank_n and_o further_o
seven_o chapter_n will_v teach_v we_o nor_o will_v any_o man_n say_v that_o a_o file_n be_v a_o phalange_n nor_o that_o the_o follow_v of_o one_o file_n single_o after_o the_o other_o will_v make_v a_o diphalange_n the_o true_a cause_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o word_n follow_v it_o be_v therefore_o call_v homoiostomus_n because_o they_o that_o follow_v follow_v in_o the_o like_a figure_n which_o word_n albeit_o they_o be_v general_a yet_o be_v explain_v and_o particularise_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n they_o show_v that_o it_o be_v call_v a_o diphalange_n homoiostomus_n when_o two_o phalanges_fw-la follow_v one_o another_o either_o in_o a_o right_n or_o a_o left_a hand_n deduction_n and_o by_o that_o part_n of_o the_o text_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o homoiostomus_n be_v sufficient_o express_v 3_o this_o be_v oppose_v against_o the_o both_o plinthium_fw-la how_o this_o form_n shall_v be_v oppose_v against_o the_o plinthium_fw-la i_o must_v confess_v i_o yet_o understand_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v that_o be_v in_o a_o march_n the_o plinthium_fw-la charge_n one_o of_o they_o on_o that_o side_n where_o the_o deduction_n that_o be_v in_o the_o front_n for_o the_o flank_n be_v now_o become_v the_o front_n the_o file-leader_n face_v to_o the_o enemy_n way_n and_o that_o the_o other_o if_o it_o be_v the_o lead_a phalange_n retire_v &_o wheal_v the_o follow_a file_n advance_v and_o wheal_v give_v upon_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o plinthium_fw-la so_o that_o the_o plinthium_fw-la be_v charge_v both_o in_o front_n and_o in_o flank_n which_o be_v no_o small_a advantage_n in_o fight_n for_o otherwise_o if_o the_o plinthium_fw-la meet_v the_o phalanges_fw-la so_o follow_v one_o another_o and_o charge_v the_o front_n which_o lead_v which_o indeed_o be_v not_o the_o front_n but_o the_o lead_a flank_n in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o march_n proceed_v not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n as_o aelian_n have_v the_o deducton_n not_o only_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o bring_v the_o file_n leader_n to_o fight_v but_o be_v also_o subject_a to_o overw_v and_o by_o that_o mean_n in_o worse_a case_n than_o be_v the_o induction_n which_o have_v the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n there_o be_v other_o use_n of_o the_o homoistomus_fw-la they_o be_v here_o specify_v by_o aelian_n for_o the_o the_o deduction_n direct_v the_o front_n against_o the_o enemy_n that_o appear_v or_o be_v like_a to_o appear_v on_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o deduction_n the_o phalanges_fw-la may_v fit_o second_v one_o another_o when_o either_o of_o they_o be_v charge_v not_o unlike_o the_o two_o btatailons_a of_o paradox_n foot_n which_o la_fw-fr noüe_fw-fr hold_v sufficient_a to_o repulse_v the_o charge_n of_o horse_n in_o open_a field_n or_o champeign_v and_o if_o both_o the_o deduction_n be_v charge_v at_o once_o they_o be_v at_o no_o great_a inconvenience_n then_o if_o they_o stand_v range_v in_o ordinary_a manner_n be_v either_o of_o they_o 16_o deep_a and_o the_o front_n which_o be_v in_o the_o deduction_n ready_a to_o receive_v the_o affort_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o â—immes_v dispose_v as_o in_o the_o ordinary_a phalange_n 4_o plinthium_fw-la be_v a_o form_n of_o battle_n this_o definition_n comprehend_v not_o all_o plinthium_n for_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o even-sided_n plinthium_fw-la it_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o have_v the_o front_n &_o flank_n of_o one_o length_n and_o it_o be_v it_o which_o aelian_n here_o define_v there_o be_v also_o a_o kind_n of_o i_o linthium_n that_o be_v deep_a in_o flank_n then_o the_o front_n be_v long_o which_o of_o ancient_a time_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a in_o enlishg_v a_o tower_n the_o name_n of_o plinthium_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o brick_n because_o as_o the_o brick_n be_v square_a so_o be_v this_o battle_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n i_o think_v that_o it_o be_v often_o confound_v plesium_n this_o be_v also_o a_o square_a battle_n and_o the_o name_n deduce_v from_o the_o mould_n wherein_o brick_n be_v fashion_v which_o mould_n be_v call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o form_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o according_a to_o aelian_n be_v that_o the_o pliniheum_n be_v a_o perfect_a square_a equal_a both_o in_o length_n and_o depth_n the_o plesium_n a_o square_a long_o in_o front_n then_o flank_n 5_o in_o this_o figure_n be_v none_o but_o arm_a in_o the_o foreside_n what_o then_o become_v of_o the_o lightarmed_n they_o must_v be_v convey_v into_o the_o midst_n and_o the_o plinthium_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v hollow_a within_o as_o well_o to_o receive_v they_o as_o those_o of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v unfit_a for_o fight_v leo_n have_v this_o precept_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v horse_n you_o be_v to_o order_v the_o army_n into_o the_o square_a figure_n of_o a_o plinthium_fw-la and_o cast_v into_o the_o hollow_a midst_n the_o carriage_n beast_n and_o carriage_n and_o without_o they_o the_o arm_v and_o further_a without_o the_o archer_n that_o so_o you_o may_v dismarch_n in_o safety_n yet_o this_o place_v the_o archer_n without_o be_v contrary_a to_o aelian_n &_o to_o many_o experience_n mention_v in_o the_o greek_a history_n 25â—_n timotheus_n the_o athenian_a purpose_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o city_n olynthus_n and_o fear_v the_o olinthian_a horseman_n order_v his_o army_n into_o a_o broad-fronted_n plinthium_fw-la cast_v the_o baggage_n and_o horse_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o cause_v the_o wagon_n to_o be_v drive_v throng_a and_o fasten_v together_o the_o arm_a foot_n be_v without_o on_o all_o side_n so_o that_o the_o olynthian_a horse_n can_v not_o come_v to_o distress_v they_o brsidas_n the_o lacedaemonian_a being_n in_o illyrium_n brasidâ—_n forsake_v of_o the_o macedonian_n his_o ally_n expect_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o arrhybeus_n and_o the_o illyrian_n reduce_v his_o arm_a into_o a_o square_a and_o take_v the_o lightarmed_n into_o the_o midst_n 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