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A66701 The new help to discourse or, Wit, mirth, and jollity. intermixt with more serious matters consisting of pleasant astrological, astronomical, philosophical, grammatical, physical, chyrurgical, historical, moral, and poetical questions and answers. As also histories, poems, songs, epitaphs, epigrams, anagrams, acrosticks, riddles, jests, poesies, complements, &c. With several other varieties intermixt; together with The countrey-man's guide; containing directions for the true knowledge of several matters concerning astronomy and husbandry, in a more plain and easie method than any yet extant. By W. W. gent. Winstanley, William, 1628?-1698.; Winstanley, William, 1628?-1698. Country-man's guide. aut. 1680 (1680) Wing W3070; ESTC R222284 116,837 246

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THE NEW HELP TO DISCOURSE OR WIT MIRTH and JOLLITY intermixt with more serious Matters Consisting of pleasant Astrological Astronomical Philosophical Grammatical Physical Chyrurgical Historical Moral and Poetical Questions and Answers AS ALSO Histories Poems Songs Epitaphs Epigrams Anagrams Acrosticks Riddles Jests Poesies Complements c. With several other Varieties intermixt Together with The Countrey Man's Guide CONTAINING Directions for the true knowledge of several Matters concerning Astronomy and Husbandry in a more plain and easie Method than any yet extant By W. W. Gent. The Second Edition That Author best of all doth write Who mixeth Profit with Delight London Printed by T. S. and sold by the Book-sellers of London and Westminster 1680. THE NEVV HELP TO DISCOURSE Quest WHat is the chief end of writing Books Answ For instruction and information whereas idle Books are no other than corrupted Tales in Ink and Paper or indeed Vice sent abroad with a License wherein two are guilty of evil he that writes them and he that reads them being in effect like the brutish sin of Adultery wherein two are concerned in the same sin and therefore his resolution was good who said That for bad Books he would write none lest he should thereby hurt others in the reading of them nor would he read any of them for fear the Author should answer for his sin by being corrupted by them Quest What Book of all others is the best Answ The Holy Scriptures contained in 〈◊〉 Old and New Testament wherein the Mysteries of our Salvation are contained being the Book of all books and in compa●●●on of which no book is comparable Qu. Of how many chapters doth this Book consist An. In the Old Testament or Bible there are 777. In the new Testament 260. In the Books of Apocrypha 173. The total being 1210. And for the number of Verses in the Old Testament the Jewish Rabbins have computed them thus In the Books of the Law Verses 5845. In the Prophets 9294. and in Haggai 8064. Total 23203. Q. Are there no other Books mentioned in the Old Testament but those which we have now at this day A. Yes there were the Books of Iddo and Gad the Seers besides Solomon wrote three thousand Parables and five thousand Songs with a Book of the Nature of all Herbs Trees and Plants from the Cedar to the Hysop upon the wall Samuel also writ a Book of the Office and Institution of a King There were also Chronicles of the Kings of Judah and Israel besides those we have in the Scripture being as is judged written far larger all which Were supposed to be lost in the Jewish Captivity at Babylon Q. What was St. Augustine 's answer to one who demanded what God did before he made the World A. That he was ordaining a Hell for such kind of Enquirers Where the Scripture hath not a mouth to speak we ought no● to have a tongue to ask Q. What was the greatest love that ever w● shown in this World A. The love of God to poor sinners wh● gave his only begotten Son to dye for us of which one thus writeth God is my gift himself he freely gave me Gods gift am I and none but God shall have me Q. In what things had woman the Preheminence of man in the Creation A. In these three First that whereas man ' was made of the dust or slime of the earth woman was made of that dust or slime refined Secondly man was made out of Paradise woman in Paradise And thirdly when God is said to be about to make woman he is said to build her as being about to make a curious Edifice or more excellent structure than that of man Q. What Book next to the Holy Scripture would you chiefly desire the rest being taken away A. Theodore Beza being asked this question answered Plutarch an excellent Author for his Lives and Morals Another said Seneca whose divine Sentences in his Book are so squared by the Rules of Christianity that St. Hierom concluded him amongst the Catalogue of Divine Writers Another preferred the Thesaurus Historiarum being a Compendium of most Histories and worthy Examples And that Ornament of History Dr. Heylin gives the preheminency to Sir Walter Rawleigh's History of the World which he calls Primus in Historia Q. St. Bernard a learned Father of the Church greatly wondred at three Conjunctions the like whereof never was nor never will be and what were they A. 1. Conjunction of God and man 2. Of a Mother and a Virgin 3. Of Faith and the heart of man to believe the same The first whereof is most wonderful that the Deity should be joyned to the Humanity Heaven to Earth Majesty to Infirmity The second also very wonderful that a Maid should be a Mother and yet remain a pure Virgin The third though inferior to the two first yet wonderful that a mans heart should have power to believe the same Reason doth marvel how Faith tell can That a Maid should be a Mother God a man But cease so to marvel and believe the wonder For Faith is above and Reason is under Q. How long according to the opinion of some men shall the world continue from the Creation to the end thereof A. The Thalmudists were of opinion that it should continue six thousand years of which opinion also were some of the fathers and others of our Modern Writers because that as God created the World in six days and rested the seventh so in six thousand years which are in account of God but as six daies it shall again be annihilated when shall follow an eternal Sabbath of rest to all the Faithful Others reckon it after this manner two thousand years before the Law two thousand years under the Law and two thousand years under the Gospel But this account agreeth not right with the Calendar of Time and therefore we may conclude that those who account not right the years which are past must needs be ignorant of those which are to come Besides our Saviour saith that of that day and hour the very Angels in Heaven themselves are ignorant Let us therefore rather labour to prepare our selves against that day than curiously seek to pry into such hidden and unrevealed things Q. In what part of the world was it where the Cock crowed so loud that all the men of the world heard it A. In Noah's Ark. Q. What is the Anagram for the name of the Virgin Mary A. MARY Anagramma ARMY And well her Name an Army doth present In whom the Lord of Hosts did pitch his tent Q. What answer gave Queen Elizabeth when being a prisoner in the Reign of her Sister Queen Mary she was by one of the Bishops demanded her opinion concerning the real presence of Christ in the Sacrament A. Christ is the Word that spake it He took the Bread and brake it And as the Word did make it I do believe and take it Q. Who are those that cannot will not
man Or thus Well was thy Anagram Loyal in Hart Who from thy Loyalty did never start Anagram LOSTE STOLE Exposition This Anagram mysterious sence may boast For what is stole is found in what was lost Anagram JAYLER A RAYLE Exposition This doth befit the Jaylor wondrous trim He at the Prisoners Rails and they at him FANCIES A Fancy upon words HE that 's devoted to the GLASS The Dice or a Lascivious LASS At his own price is made an ASS. He that is greedy of the GRAPE On reason doth commit a RAPE And changeth habit with an APE The Lover whose devotion FLIES Up to the Sphere where bounty LIES Makes Burning-glasses of his EYES If long he to that Idol PRAY His sight by Loves inflaming RAY Is lost for ever and for AY He that loves Glass without a G Leave out L and that is he EVANK is a word of fame Spell it backward it is your name These Lines may be read backwards or forwards being both ways alike Deer Madam Reed Deem if I meed Another to the same effect Lewd did I live and Evil did I dwel Thoughts   valued     c   may B. Searching   Love   ICVB 2 yy for me Qu   a   d   tr   fu   stra     os   nguis   irus   isti de   nere   vit H   Sa   m   Chr   vul   la.   Quos anguis dirus tristi de funere stravit Hos Sanguis mirus Christi de vulnere lavit The Countrey-Mans Guide OR AN APPENDIX For the Use Of the Country-man Containing divers necessary and useful Rules and Instructions of the Year Moneths and Days With other things of delight and profit Being brief Explanations of many things which to an intelligible Reader may seem ambiguous Calculated by Art for the Benefit of all those which desire to understand what they buy or read London Printed in the Year 1680. The Country-Mans Guide Of a Year what it is with the difference betwixt the English and Gregorian Account A Year is that space of time wherein the Sun runs his perambulation through the twelve Signs of the Zodiack containing 12 Solar moneths 13 Lunar 52 weeks 365 days 6 hours and 6 minutes which 6 hours in four years space being added together make one day which we commonly call Bissextile or Leap-year and is added to the Kalendar on the 25 of February making that moneth every fourth year 29 days long which at other times is but 28. This account was thus named by Julius Caesar the first Roman Emperor who reduced the year to a better method than before and from him it was called the Julian Account yet still the six minutes remained un-numbred which in tract of time arose to some dayes and therefore Gregory Pope of Rome to make the year exactly answerable to the Suns diurnal course casting up the days which those minutes amounted unto placed his Festivals exactly answerable to the Suns progress which in sixteen hundred years hath amounted to ten days and is from him called the Gregorian Account being used in all those parts beyond Sea which acknowledge the Popes Supremacy Qu. From whence do the twelve Moneths derive their Names An. January is so called from Janus who was pictured with two faces signifying the beginning or entrance of the year February took its name from Febura March from Mars the God of War April signifieth the growth or springing of the year May is the Majors and June the Juniors season July was so called from Julius Caesar August from Augustus the second Roman Emperor September signifieth the seventh moneth for the Romans before the time of Julius Coesar reckoned their moneths from March so October signifieth the eighth November the ninth and December the tenth which if you reckon from January the account will be otherwise Qu. How many days is in each moneth An. Thirty days hath September April June and November All the rest hath thirty and one Except it be February alone But every Leap year at that time February hath twenty nine Of the day with several divisions thereof An Artificial day consists of 12 hours a Natural Day 24 hours The Athenians began their Day from Sun-set but the Jews Chaldeans and Babylonians from Sun-rise The Egyptians and Romans from midnight of whom we took pattern to count the hours from thence the Umbrians from noon The parts of a politick or civil day according to Macrobius are these The first time of the day is after midnight the second in Latine Gallicinium Cocks crow the third Canticinium the space between the first Cock and Break of day the fourth Diluculum the break or dawn of the day the fifth Mane the morning the sixth Meridies noon or Mid-day the seventh Pomeridies the afternoon the eighth Serum diei Sun-set the ninth Suprema tempestas twi-light tenth Vesper the Evening the eleventh Prima Lux Candle time the twelfth Nox concubia bed-time the thirteenth Nox intempesta the dead time of the night The Jews did divide their Artificial day into four Quarters allowing to every Quarter three hours accounting the first hour of the first Quarter at the Rising of the Sun and the third hour of the second Quarter they called the third hour and the third hour of the second Quarter they called the sixth hour which was mid-day The third hour of the third Quarter the ninth hour and the second hour of the fourth Quarter the eleventh hour and the twelfth and last hour of the day they call Even-tide The day is accounted with us for the payments of money between Sun and Sun but for Indictments of murther the day is accounted from midnight to midnight and so likewise are fasting days The Principal Feasts and Holy-days in the whole year expounded SInce more buy Almanacks than understand them and are ignorant of our Festival days for their better understanding I shall briefly yet plainly anatomize and declare the meaning of them Sunday or our Lords day dies Diminicus is a day dedicated by the Apostles to the more particular service and honour of Almighty God and transfer'd from the Jewish Sabbath to the day following in memory that Christ our Lord rose from the dead and sent down the Holy Ghost on that day whence it is called our Lords Day and Sunday from the old Heathen denomination of dies Solis the day of the Sun to which it was sacred though others think it took its name from the Son of God his rising from the Grave that day to which thus alluded Mr. Owen in his Epigrams Sunday I 'le call that day spight of precise On which the glorious Son of God did rise 1. Jan. The Circumcision of our Lord vulgarly called Newyears-day was instituted in memory of the Circumcision of our Lord on the eighth day from his Nativity according to the prescript of the old Law Gen 17. 12 when he was named Jesus as the Angel hath foretold Luk. 1. 14.
enough Turn up O Tyrant great Assay whether roasted or raw Thou find'st the better meat Aug. 15. Is according to Tradition the day when the blessed Virgin Mary was both Soul and Body taken up into Heaven Sep. 8. Is in memory of her happy birth ●y whom the Author of all life and safety was born into the world 29 Sep. Michael or Michaelmas is in commemoration of St. Michael the Arch-Angel and of all the nine Orders of holy Angels And it is called the Dedication of St. Michael ●rom the dedicating of a Church in Rome to ●im by Pope Boniface 1 Nov. All Saints or All-hallows is celebrated in commemoration of all the Saints 2 Nov. All Souls is likewise commemora●ed for the Souls of all the faithful departed ●nd these two days All Saints and All Souls were of so eminent observance that no Courts were kept on those days in Westminster-hall The four Sundays of Advent are those pre●eding Christmas day and were instituted as a commemorative of our Saviours Advent or coming to redeem the world by his happy birth Christmas Day or the Nativity of our Saviour Christ is a most solemn Feast yearly celebrated even from the Apostles time to this day in memory of the birth of our Saviour at Bethlehem 28 Dec. Holy Innocents is a Feast in memory of those Babes which Herod slew when he sought for our blessed Saviour in which massacre it is said that a Child of Herods being at nurse was murthered amongst the rest which Augustus hearing of he said it was better to be Herods Hog than his Son because the Jews would eat no Swines flesh The several Feasts of the Apostles and other Saints were instituted by the Church to honour God in his Saints and for us to imitate their holy and godly examples St. Peter and St. Paul are joyned in one solemnity because they were principal and joynt co-operators under Christ in the conversion of the world the first converting the Jews the other the Gentiles as also because both were martyr'd at the same place Rome and on the same day 29 June The four Ember weeks in Latine quatuo●tempora are times of publick prayer of falting partly instituted for the successful ordination of the Priests and Ministers of the Church and partly to beg and render thank to God for the fruits and blessings of the earth Ember comes from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. dies a day others call them Ember day from the ancient custom of eating nothing on those days till night and then only a Cake baked under the Embers or Ashes which was called Panem subcineritium Ember bread Wakes or Countrey Feasts used always to be observed on the Sunday next after that Saints day to whom the Parish Church was dedicated and took its original from a Letter written by Gregory the Great to Melitus Abbot who was sent into England with Austin the Monk in these words It may therefore be permitted them meaning the English that on the Dedication days or other solemn days of Martyrs they make them Bowers about the Churches and refreshing themselves and feasting together after a good religious sort kill their Oxen now to the praise of God and increase of Charity which before they were wont to sacrifice to the Devil c. Bedes Eccl. Hist Chap. 30. And they were called Wakes because on those feasts the people were wont to awake from sleep at the several Vigils of the Night and go to prayer but that custom was long ago laid aside and the Feasting part also little or nothing regarded Besides these we have three other days by act of Parliament set apart for Religious holy Duties viz. the fifth of November when some bloody Papists intended to have blown up the Parliament-House with Gunpowder in the third year of the Reign of King James the second the 30 of January a day of humiliation for the execrable murther of King Charles the first And the third the 29 of May a day of thansgiving for the happy Restauration of King Charles the second Qu. What is the observation that is commonly made on St. Pauls day being the 25 of January An. If Saint Pauls day be fair and clear It doth betoken a happy year But if it chance to Snow or Rain Then shall be dear all kind of Grain And if that winds be aloft Then shall we hear of wars full oft And if it do thunder that day Great dearth shall be as wise men say Another Observation When our Lord doth lye in our Ladies Lap Then O England beware a clap Other short Observations for each Month in the year January If the Sun shine the twelfth of January there shall be store of wind that year February If it thunder upon Shrove-Tuesday it foretelleth wind store of fruit and plenty the Sun beams being early abroad and so much as he shineth on that day the like he will shine every day in Lent March So many Mists as there be in March so many hoar Frosts there will be after Easter April If it rain upon Ascension day which most cammonly falleth in April it doth betoke● scarcity of all kind of food for Cattel but being fair it signifieth plenty May. If the Sun shine upon the twenty fifth o● May wine shall prosper well also in the end of May if Oaks begin to bear Blossoms i● doth foreshew great store of Tallow and Frui● June If it rain the twenty fourth day of June Hazel-nuts will not prosper July If it be fair three Sundays before St. Jame's day Corn will be good but wet Corn will wither August If the wind change on St. Bartholemews day at night the following year will not be ●ood September So many dayes old the Moon is on Michaelmas day so many Floods will be that winter October If leaves now hang upon the Trees it portends a cold winter or many Catterpillers November If on the tenth of November the Heavens be cloudy it prognosticates a wet winter if clear and dry a sharp winter December If Christmas-day comes in the new of the Moon it is a token of a good year and so much the better by how much it is nearer the new Moon the contrary happeneth in the decrease Thus each month doth procure an observation Which may be made useful unto the Nation For if that we do things but rightly weigh We will believe what our Forefathers say Who by experience knew such things to be And so preserv'd them for posterity Qu. What is that they call the Golden Number Epact Circle of the Sun Dominical Letter c. An. The Golden Number is the Revolution of 19 years in which time all the Lunations or Aspects betwixt the Sun and Moon return to the same place they were in before and is so called either because it was sent in Golden Letters from Alexandria in Egypt to Rome or for that it is written in red or Golden Letters in the Kalendar The Epact is the number of 11