after they are reduced Command From your Advance Charge to the Front Right Left Reer Advance as you were Command Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail your Pike Shoulder as you were Note This is useful upon a March It is likewise useful in time of Fight provided the Pikes be upon a stand it doth not only preserve the Pikes but the Soldiers also Command From your Shoulder Charge to the Front Right Left Reer Shoulder as you were Command Port Comport Cheek Trail your Pikes Port as you were Note That Port is only fit for the Soldiers to enter a Gate or Sally-Port and likewise to ease the Reer in time of Battel when the Front are at Charge Command From your Comport Charge to the Front Right Left Reer Comport as you were Note That Comport is only necessary for a Soldier upon his March to ease himself up a Hill Command Cheek Trail your Pikes Cheek as you were The Pike Cheeked is the right Sentinel Posture which ought always to be made use of upon that occasion Command Trail your PIKES From your Trail Charge to the Front Right Left Reer Trail as you were Note That this Posture is only useful in a Trench to move for security of any Breach undiscovered likewise in the Marching through a Wood and upon Funeral occasions Command Order your Lay down your Pikes Here is to be observed by this method That all the Postures of the Pike are performed particularly not Commanding one Twice and no one be he never so Skilful ought to slight any of these Postures being that at one time or other he will have occasion to use them CHAP. IV. NOW that our Soldiers are well Trained and that they rightly understand the several Postures of the Pike before recited and are ready to march into the Field before their Enemies I shall contract the Postures and Charges of the Pike into a shorter way fit for the Service of the Field The Pikes lying on the ground the first word of Command will be Stand to your Handle your Arms. Command Raise up your PIKES To your Open Order Order Close Order Note As before I shall omit the Charges of Close Order to the Horse and with brevity proceed Command Order as you were Command Advance Port your Pikes Charge to the Front Command Shoulder your Pikes Charge to the Front Command Comport your Pikes Charge to the Left Command Cheek Trail your Pikes Charge to the Reer CHAP. V. HAving now done with the Pike in the next place it will be convenient to shew you the Postures of the Musket or Calliver together with the Rest which shall be shewed you at large as it was exercised and still is in the Military Gardens and after in as short a method as possible the way shall be shewed you how it is now exercised both with the Match and without the Match and Rest The Musket lying on the ground the first word of Command will be Col. Wil. Barriffe in his young Artillery-Man p. 2. Stand to your Arms. Take up your Put on your Bandaliers Take up your Place your Match Take up your Musket and Rest Rest your Musket Now if you please you may perform your Saluting Posture Poyse Shoulder your Musket Take your Rest into your right Hand and you are Armed ready to march Take your Match between the Fingers of your right Hand Put your Rest String about your left Wrist and carry your Rest in your left Hand Return your Match between the Fingers of your left Hand Vnshoulder and Poyse your Musket Joyn your Rest to the outside of your Musket Open Clear Prime Shut your Pan. Cast Blow off your loose Corns Bring about your Musket to the Sword side Trail your Rest and Balance your Musket in your left hand Charge with Powder Draw forth Shorten your Scouring-stick Charge with Bullet Put your Scouring-stick into your Musket Ram home your Charge Withdraw Shorten Return your Scouring-Stick Bring forward your Musket and Rest Poyse your Musket and recover your Rest Joyn your Rest to the outside of your Musket Draw forth your Match Blow your Coal Cock and Fit your Match Guard your Pan. Blow the Ashes from your Coal Open your Pan. Present upon your Rest Give Fire Breast high Dismount your Musket joyning your Rest to the outside of your Musket Vncock Return your Match Clear Shut your Pan. Poyse Shoulder your Musket Take your Match between the Fingers of your right Hand Take your Rest into your right hand clearing your String from your Wrist Return your Rest into your left hand the String loose Return your Match into your left hand Note This causes the Soldiers to be in a fit capacity for to March but if you are to lay down your Arms upon the Ground proceed Vnshoulder Poyse Rest your Musket Set the But-end of your Musket on the Ground Lay down your Musket and Rest Lay down your Match Take off Lay down your Bandaliers Face about to the left and march from your Arms. Face about to the right and stand to your Arms. This is principally used to make the Soldiers apt and ready to find their places if upon a sudden Alarm they be called Here endeth the Postures of the Musket together with the Rest beginning from the taking them up from the Ground and by an orderly proceeding to make ready and so to lay them down again CHAP. VI. NOW having shewed you the Postures of the Musket and Rest according to the formal way of Exercise of late used and still is in those learned Schools of Discipline the Military Grounds which I wish may flourish for ever with good able and loyal Soldiers that may be ready to do their King and Country Service let us see how we can handle the Musket without the Rest and likewise with and without the Match The Musket lying on the ground the words of Command will be as before Stand to your Handle your Arms. Now you are to take notice That in taking up the Bandaliers putting them on the taking up of the Match placing of it and the taking up of the Musket these or the like are not Postures but Motions to the first Posture Therefore I will leave out the words of Command tending to the Motions and proceed to the Postures themselves The Mukettier being shoulder'd Command Snaphance Matchlock Slope Let slip your Muskets Sloping and Slipping of the Musket is only Motion not Posture Vnshoulder and Poyse your Muskets Palm Rest your Muskets Secure your Cock Draw back your Hammer Clear Prime your Pan. Put down your Steel Hammer It is not needful to insert every Command but only add such as are now in use for the Matchlock The Match being placed in the left hand Open Clear Prime Shut your Pan with a full hand Cast Or Blow off your loose Corns Bring about your Musket to the Sword side Handle your Charger Open your Charger with your Teeth Charge with Powder Draw forth your Scourer Shorten your Scourer to
THE COMPLEAT SOLDIER OR EXPERT Artillery-Man CONTAINING The several Postures and Exercises of the Pike and Musquet the various Beats of the Drum and what else is necessary for a young Soldier to understand ALSO Divers ways of Exercising a Company very useful for all Officers and others that delight in Military Affairs Quanta est armorum gloria LONDON Printed by A. G. and J. P. for Thomas Sawbridge at the Three Flowers-de-Lys in Little-Britain 1681. To the Honourable Sir Joseph Sheldon KNIGHT Alderman of the Honourable City of LONDON THE very Title of this BOOK is a kind of Dedication and you may justly challenge it by bearing so eminent an Office in the Artillery Letters and Arms are the two things that govern the whole World both seem to have been monopolized by your generous Family the former by a Learned Archbishop the latter by your self And though that great good Man has left this World a grave and learned Prelate still survives a collateral Ornament to the name of Sheldon The Book I here humbly lay down at your Feet was compiled by a Cheshire Gentleman in Commission for that County his Modesty will not permit him to put his name to it Modesty that inherent Virtue in all truly noble and generous Souls His Labour has been great for smaller Tracts require more judgment and industry than greater Volumes as translating is more difficult than writing He has made use of several Authors of the best note upon this Subject among the Ancients as Plutarch Vegetius Xenophon Homer Justin Tully Aelian's Tacticks c. the Moderns he has digested in so compendious a method that this small Book will be certainly most extreamly pleasing the bulk of other Books of this nature being so large that they require much Time to peruse and Money to purchase of which two things many persons desirous of Experience in Military Affairs can spare neither Useful I presume this small Tract will be especially in such dangerous Times wherein no Posture is more convenient than that of Defence Especially considering that many Trades and Occupations excepting those of Handicrafts are sedentary and in expectation those intervals of time may be herein spent by the Youth of this populous City by the help of this they may be their own Tutors and every private Shop seem an Academy for Arms. To you therefore Honourable Sir I Dedicate this Piece humbly desiring you to honour it with your Acceptance and that you may long live the Glory of this great City for your Loyalty Conduct and Experience both in Arms and Peace is the Hearty wish of Your most humble Servant E. RAWLINS THE CONTENTS Chap. 1. THE Introduction Pag. 1 Chap. 2. The Definition of Posture 6 Chap. 3. Of the Posture of the Pike 7 Chap. 4. The Postures of the Pike in a shorter manner fit for the Service of the Field 18 Chap. 5. The Postures of the Musquet the Caliver with the Match and Rest and without Pag. 15 Chap. 6. More Postures of the Musquet with or without the Match or Rest 20 Chap. 7. The Conformity of the Postures betwixt the Musquet and Pike 25 Chap. 8. The place of Dignity of a Soldier both in Rank and File 27 Chap. 9. Reasons for precedency of Dignity in Ranks and Files 33 Chap. 10. Several Beats and Points of War belonging to the Drum Pag. 37 Chap. 11. Of several Distances 43 Chap. 12. What is meant by Facing with the words of Command belonging thereunto as likewise several Postures and Figures 46 Chap. 13. Of marching a Company in Divisions the Order and Places of the Officers and Drums 58 Chap. 14. The first days Exercise of a Company 63 Chap. 15. Of Conversion and Inversion with some words of Command and Reducements Pag. 71 Chap. 16. Of Countermarches with their several kinds 81 Chap. 17. Of Wheelings and their several uses 89 Chap. 18. The second days Exercise 96 Chap. 19. Several Firings to be performed with any number of Men upon all occasions either to the Front Reer or both Flanks 97 Chap. 20. The third days Exercise 106 Chap. 21. A Doubling to make every Man a File-Leader by Dignity Pag. 107 Chap. 22. Eighteen several Doublings with their Reducements 110 Chap. 23. Twelve several Countermarches with their Reducements 112 Chap. 24. Twelve several Wheelings with their Reducements 114 Chap. 25. Several Firings with Figures of Battel for 72 Men. 117 Chap. 26. The fourth days Exercise shewing by a Doubling how every Man becomes a File-Leader by Succession Pag. 133 Chap. 27. Several Doublings by Countermarches with Reducements 135 Chap. 28. Several Figures of Battel with Firings upon the same for 72 Men. 141 Chap. 29. The fifth days Exercise shewing the several Distances c. 165 Chap. 30. Several Figures of Battel with Firings upon the same 170 Chap. 31. The sixth days Exercise 194 Chap. 32. Entire Doublings to the Right Flank 198 Chap. 33. Divisional Doublings to the Right Flank Pag. 204 Chap. 34. Entire Doublings to the Right Flank by Wheelings 206 Chap. 35. Divisional Doublings to the Right Flank by Wheelings 208 Chap. 36. Figures of Battel with Firings upon the same 210 Books printed for Thomas Sawbridge at the Three Flowers-de-Lys in Little-Britain THE Art of Dyalling performed Geometrically by Scale and Compasses Arithmetically by the Canons of Sines and Tangents Instrumentally by a Trigonal Instrument accommodated with Lines for that purpose c. by William Leybourn In 4o. Multum in Parvo or the Pen's Gallantry a Copy-Book containing 24 Sentences in Prose in Alphabetical order and as many in Verse each Distich comprehending the 24 Letters and as many Examples of Alphabets written in all the curious Hands now practised in England and our Neighbour Nations c. by Edward Cocker In 4o. Hodder's Arithmetick or the Necessary Art made most easie being explained in a way familiar to the Capacity of any that desire to learn in a little time By James Hodder In 8o. Campanalogia or the Art of Ringing improved with plain and easie Rules to guide the Practitioner in the Ringing all kinds of Changes c. In 8o. The Astrological Judgment and Practice of Physic deduced from the Position of the Heavens at the Decumbiture of the sick Person wherein the Fundamental Grounds thereof are most clearly displayed and laid open shewing by an Universal Method not only the Cause but the Cure and End of all manner of Diseases incident to Humane Bodies Also divers notable Experiments of great use to all the industrious Students in Physic and Astrology c. by Richard Saunders In 8o. The Carpenters Rule made easie or the Art of Measuring Superficies and Solids as Timber Stone Boards Glass and the like Also an Addition or second way being the Ground-work of measuring Timber Stone c. by John Darling In 12o. THE COMPLEAT SOLDIER OR EXPERT Artillery-Man CHAP. I. By way of Introduction THE first Rudiments of Education wherewithall a young Soldier ought to be conversant in is first
to learn the right use of his Arms than which nothing can make a Man more compleat nor fit for to bear the Name of a Soldier neither can any Man whatever attain to the least part of the Art-Military which concerneth Infantry or Foot-Soldiers without the well managing and well handling of their Arms. How delightful is it to those who can perform this first Part And with what ease courage and safety can they both defend themselves and offend their Enemies Where on the contrary the chiefest Arms without Exercise become not only troublesom Burthens unto the unskilful Bearers but oftentimes prove hurtful and dangerous both to themselves and others Therefore I could wish the necessity of this might be considered by all who intend any proficiency in this part of the Art Military first to be instructed in the Postures and well handling of their Arms that like that resolute Spartan Isadas Plut. in Agesilao they may with Art and Courage in time of danger defend both their King and Country If this in our Militia whereof I am a Member were but considered and that there might be a reasonable time set apart once in every year for a private Exercise and once every year for a General Muster â—…o doubt but there would be given such account to the World as would make this Kingdom not only famous but feared by the whole World What Exercise doth for the making of good Soldiers Experience of former Times will teach It hath been the manner of all famous Generals to bring their Soldiers to perfection by Exercise * Vegetius l. 2. c. 3. Vegetius saith very well It is not length of life or number of years that teacheth the Art of War but continual Discipline and Exercise of Arms let a Soldier serve never so many years so long as he is unexercised he shall still be a raw Soldier The true knowledge of Postures causeth a neatness in the handling of Arms which maketh a Soldier the gain whereof must be by Action As long as a Soldier handleth not his Arms he is no Actor for all Abilities in Arts arise out of a number of Actions so that no Man can attain to a perfect knowledge of Arms 'till he hath with care and diligence imploy'd both his study and labour therein and upon the foundation of Practice raised the frame of Sound and perfect Skill No man is naturally born a Soldier one may more incline to War than another but the Skill cometh not without industry and pains * Plutarch in Pelop. Eurotas was a River near Lacedemon Babyx and Gnacion were two Rivers within tâ—e City Plutarch saith That it is neither Eurotas nor the place betwixt Babyx and Gnacion that bringeth forth Valiant and Warlike Men But they are to be found out in all places in England where Youth is bred up in shame of Vice and Boldness to undergo peril for Virtues sake The Lacedemonians were accounted the most valiant People of Greece * Plutarch in Lycur Plutarch speaketh this of the Victory which the Thebans obtained against the Lacedemonians which 'till that day had no Reputation of Valour but afterward by Exercise and use of Arms under Epaminondas and Pelopidas they became the bravest Soldiers of Greece Not unlike was the saying of Pyrrhus to his Muster-Master Chuse you said he good Bodies and I will make them good Soldiers A strong Body is most requisite in a good Soldier to undergo the labours of War * Vegetius l. 1. c. 1. but it is Exercise and the desire to handle Weapons that giveth the perfect Skill Therefore as * Cicer. in Brut. a. 22. Demosthenes being demanded what was the first and principal thing in the Art Oratory answered Action what the second Action what the third Action so we may truly say that in the Art Military Exercise is not only the first second and third principal thing to make a Soldier but also all in all I could have given you a particular of the Exercise used in ancient time and likewise of the Victories which have been obtained by a small number of Men well exercised against a multitude unskilful and untrained but being not at all pertinent to my intent and having too much transgress'd already I leave the Curious to peruse those several Authors that have writ at large of this Subject viz. Xenophon Vegetius Cicero Homer Justin and others while I proceed to give a touch upon the Definition of Posture CHAP. II. The Definition of Posture POSTVRE is conceived to be a Garb or Figure that a Man stands in for the well handling of his Arms in which there are Motions attendant unto the same for the better Grace and becoming of them Likewise by Motion it conveys a neat Agility of the Body whereby the right handling of their Arms is atchieved and so becomes easie Motion being the working part Posture the alteration or act either in circumstance or matter As to Rest your Musquet being one Posture to Shoulder your Musquet another so likewise for the rest CHAP. III. Of the Postures of the Pike NOW as to the Postures themselves I shall first begin with the Postures of the Pike before I begin the Postures of the Musquet conceiving the Pike which Mr. Elton and likewise the * Aelian cap. 12. Tacticks of Aelian makes plain to be the more ancient and therefore the more honourable Arms which hath been the reason as I conceive why so many gallant Gentlemen have trailed Pikes of late years both in Holland and elsewhere The Postures of the Pike are as followeth the Pike lying on the ground Command Handle Raise up your Pike To your Open Order Order Close Order Order and Open Order I conceive only serves as a handsom Posture for the Pikes to be in upon a stand or when their Arms are to be viewed by the Muster-Master upon a Muster day It hath been the custom in ancient time to Charge to the Horse by putting the But end of the Pike at the inside of the right Foot which is called Close Order your Pike in the left Hand drawing your Sword over your left Arm. But it is the received opinion of the best Soldiers that it is a weak Charge and of no use for Defence therefore I omit the Charge and proceed Command From Order Advance Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail your Pike Order as you were Before I proceed I must tell you that Silence ought to be commanded and by the Soldier diligently obeyed Command From your Order Charge to the Front Right Left Reer Order as you were Note That Charge to the Reer is to be understood always To the left about because it is three times the nearer way Command Advance Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail your Pike Advance as you were Note That the Advancing of the Pike is useful when the Drum beats a Troop It is likewise useful upon all Doublings Counter-Marches and Wheelings only remember they conform to the standing Party
an Inch against your right Breast Charge with Bullet Ram home your Powder and Ball. Withdraw your Scourer Shorten your Scourer to a handful Return your Scourer Bring forward And Poise your Musket Palm Or Rest your Musket Fit your Hammer or Steel Free Bend your Cock Present your Musket Give Fire Palm or Rest your Musket Clear Shut your Pan. Poyse Shoulder your Musket Handle your Match Blow your Coal Cock Try your Match Guard your Pan with your 2 foremost Fingers Blow the Ashes from your Coal or advance your right Foot Blow and open your Pan. Advance your left Foot and to the front Present Vnlock Return your Match The Musket being shoulder'd you are ready for a March or in a fit Posture for any Motion That which is called the Saluting Posture is to be performed from the Resting or Palming of the Musket when a Soldier hath occasion to Salute his Friend or in honouring any other person deserving And for the Sentinel Posture the Musket is to be in the palm of the left hand at his resting Posture but his Musket to be charged with Powder and Bullet in his Mouth his Cock freed and secur'd with his Thumb so to be ready to execute his Charge This Posture rightly performed is in my opinion one of the most becoming Postures that belongs to the Musket and will as soon discover a good Soldier Capt. Ven. There is a word of Command sometimes used Reverse your Musket which is the marching Funeral Posture The way to perform it is to put the But end of the Musket upwards under your left Arm holding it in your left Hand about the Lock of the Musket CHAP. VII THere is also a conformity of Posture betwixt the Musket and those of the Pike the words of Command to be given may in many things be received by both Arms as the Musket and Pike lying on the ground these words of Command may properly be implied to both As for Example Stand to Handle Order your Arms. That is the But end of the Musket standing on the ground at the outside of the right Foot is conformable to the Pike ordered and in my opinion the properest Command for this Posture of the Musket is Order your Musket being it is so conformable to their Pike ordered for the most apt and easiest expressions are certainly most fittest to be conduced into words of Command And I cannot conceive but the word Order may as aptly be received by the Muskettier as by the Pikeman tho' Lieutenant-Collonel Barriffe and others be of a contrary opinion But to proceed farther in the rest of the Postures viz. Elton p. 6. cap. 7. The Musket poised to the Pike advanced The Musket shoulder'd to the Pike shoulder'd The Musket porting to the Pike porting The Musket reverst as in the Funeral Posture to the Pike trailing The Musket palmed to the Pike cheeked which is the proper Sentinel Posture for both The Musket presented to the Pike charged As for the Motion of Posture which conduceth to lading priming of the Musket and the Pike they are all included in that general word of Command properly belonging to the Muskettiers which is to make ready CHAP. VIII THe place of Dignity which every Soldier hath and ought to have both in Rank and File shall be declared The noble Soldier being inquisitive after Honour is much desirous to understand his place of Worth and Dignity which he ever conceives to be as due to him as his life which was the reason that caused both the Grecian and Roman Generals to be so exact and curious in bestowing Rewards upon all valiant Soldiers who were deserving of the same and according to every Man's Worth and Dignity gave him precedence of Place and Command over the others that they might lead and direct them as occasion should require as you may read at large in several Authors who treat of those Wars Xenoph. Cyrop l. 3. c. 85. and l. 8. 203. Ae. Vegat l. 3. c. 18. which Custom from that time hath ever since been observed and still is practised by all Nations Therefore it is sit that the young Soldier should understand his place of Dignity which if he would but esteem it of that Credit which all former Ages have done certainly they would take more care to put in practice all such Duties which is thereby requir'd it is strange to think there should be so much ignorance as there is in our Annual Exercises but finding many very ignorant of the difference between a File and a Rank and what Dignity belongs thereto induces me to shew what is requir'd to the making up of a File and likewise of a Rank with the Dignity of each Man as he stands both in File and Rank A File First Know that a File is a number of Men beginning at one Leader and continuing in order of followers to the last Man or from the first which is termed Protostatai a File-Leader to the last which is termed Epistatai or Bringer up For the number of a File our present Discipline only allows six and no more so that there needs no farther dispute concerning the number of a File A Rank Secondly A Rank is a Row of Men composed of Files more or less joyned together as when one File is laid flankwise to one another standing shoulder to shoulder from the right hand to the left A File of it self worketh little effect against an Enemy for what can a Man alone in front do Xenoph. Cyrop l. 6. 167. Cyrus in Xenophon wisheth That whereas the Egyptians stood 100 in depth they had been in depth 1000 for saith he we should have the fewer Hands to fight against The Rank bringeth the multitude of Hands to fight which without doubt the more Hands that are with convenience brought to fight the more is the advantage to him that bringeth them V. Vrbinus saith That the File-Leaders make the front which they call The first Rank And farther saith They that run in an even Line betwixt the two Wings the Right and the Left are said to be Parastatae or Sidemen Capt. B. in his Notes upon Aelian's Tacticks c. 47. Likewise the last Rank is called Oura or The Reer and the Commander Ouragos the Bringer up So that in all preparations for Exercise Files must first be made up which being drawn forth and joyned together Ranks are made It is ever the practice of all judicious Commanders first to draw their Soldiers forth into Files which being added together Ranks are made By this time the Soldier will expect to know his place of Dignity wherefore because that Files are first to be drawn forth I will begin first with the precedence of Files Therefore conceive their Dignities according to the Figures or Numbers hereafter plac'd first of File then of Rank and lastly of both joyned together Front Half-File 1 1 A File-Leader 2 5 Middlemen 3 4 A Bringer up to the Front Half-File Reer
to deliver somewhat of Concernment to the Soldier But if any one have a desire to be farther satisfied concerning Distance let them read Barriffe Ward Ven and Elton who have sufficiently treated of this Subject at large it being my design only to model an Exercise with as much abreviation as possible being it is only intended a Pocket-Book for the benefit of the young Soldier CHAP. XII BEfore I come to shew the variety of Facings in the Action I think it will not be amiss to define unto you what is meant by Facing Facing is a particular turning of the Aspect from one part to another whereby the Front proper becomes the Front accidental and a Front accidental may be reduced to his proper Front The words of Command take as followeth Command Face to the Right Left Reer Front Center or midst As you were Command Face to the Front and Reer Right and left outward Right and left inward Midst of Files Midst of Ranks As you were Command To the Right Right Right Right Right about Left about As you were Command To the Left Left Left Left Left about Right about As you were Command Half Files Face to the Right Left Right and left outward Right about Left about Right and left inward As you were There is also a Facing which causeth the Body to Face to the Front Reer and both Flanks which some call Facing square of which I will prick some few Figures of Facings which will be sufficient to demonstrate all the rest to an ingenious fancy Command Face square and March The Direction is Two first Ranks stand the two last Ranks Face about the rest of the Body Face to right and left then March all Proper Front Front accidental Front of the Reer When your Soldiers begin any Motion let them Advance their Pikes and Shoulder their Muskets Now to reduce this Figure to its first Order Command Face all about to the Right March and Close your Divisions To your Leader who stands at the proper Front To Face Square another way and March upon it Command Face Square and March The Direction is Muskettiers Face to both Flanks half Files of Pikes Face to the Right about March all Now you must understand when the Command is Half Files it is always to be understood the Reer half Files otherwise the word Front half Files is commanded Proper Front Front of the Reer To reduce this Figure to its former Order Command Face all to the Right about March and Close your Divisions To your Leader and they are reduced Take another Figure of Battel produced by Facing Command The two first Ranks stand the rest Face outward and move clear of the standing part The two last Ranks move outward sideways two Paces To your Leader They may give Fire to the Front or to the Reer or to both Flanks or to all four at once falling in the Reer of their own Divisions this according as the Captain pleaseth to Command Command Front Division advance forward three paces the two next Divisions move outwards one pace Pikes in each Division face about and move two paces to your Leader Divisions of Muskettiers in the Reer advance forward and range even in Front and Reer with the middle Divisions of Pikes the first Rank of Pikes in the front Division move three foot clear of the standing part They may give Fire in the Front or in the Reer or to both Flanks or to all four at once Command The first and last Rank of the first Division of Pikes Face about and move down clear of the Reer and close Ranks forward to Order Outmost Divisions of Muskettiers face about move down and slank your own Divisions of Pikes The first Division of Pikes move forward and range even a Breast with your own Division of Muskettiers The front Division of Muskettiers close into the midst to Order As for firing upon any of these Figures the Captain may use his own discretion either to Front Reer or both Flanks or to all at once Command The outmost Divisions face outward and move two paces Face to your Leader Move up until you range even a Breast with the second Divisions next the Front Reer Division move streight forward two paces Command Front Division advance forward three paces The outmost Division upon the Flanks move up and range even with the Front DIRECTION For the first Firing upon this Figure let them all face to the Reer and the middle Division of Muskettiers move forwards and flank the Reer Division of Pikes After let all the Muskettiers advance forwards three Foot clear of their own Divisions of Pikes and give Fire falling in the Reer of themselves and after facing about move into their places again The second Firing may be to both Flanks or to all four as the Commander pleaseth falling in the Reer of themselves The third Firing Let the Muskettiers upon the Flanks move down even with the Reer and give Fire and fall in the Reer of themselves and after move up into their places again and face to their Leader The fourth Firing Let them Fire on the Ground they stand and fall in the Reer of themselves and the Pikes in the Reer may Charge on and after facing to their Leader You may proceed to the next Command which will be as followeth Command The outmost Divisions face inward and march three paces The next two Divisions face outward and move two paces To your Leader Reer Division move outward until you stand streight with the front Divisions You must note That the Front and Reer Divisions of Muskettiers by Firing have interchang'd Ground which causes this Reducement Front Divisions face about Front and Reer Divisions march and interchange Ground To your Leader The outmost Divisions face inward and close your Divisions To your Leader Even your Ranks and streighten your Files and close to Order They are reduced CHAP. XIII NOW our Soldiers being somewhat expert in the true use and handling of their Arms and likewise in the several Beats of the Drum together with the Distances Facings and other Dignities of Place thereunto belonging it will be convenient to draw them into the Field but it will be convenient to shew 1. How to march a Company to the Field 2. How to draw them up into a Body Lastly To instruct them in the several Doublings Counter-marches and Wheelings All which shall be performed by six days Exercise every days Exercise being digested into several Figures and Forms of Battel with their several ways of Firing Doubling Counter-marches and Wheeling upon every Form and Figure of Battel Of Marching a Company in Divisions The Order and Places of the Officers and Drums IN Marching the Officers are to observe the Ranks to be at 12 Foot distance and that the Files be closed to Open Order The Soldiers must always begin to march with their right Foot first which is observed to conduce most to the keeping of due Order in Ranks The Captain is
in the Reer of their own Divisions the rest moving up into their Leaders ground Reducement Face them all after their proper File-Leaders then cause the Pikes to face in opposition and close their Divisions Muskettiers of the Front Division face to the right about Muskettiers both of Front and Reer close your Divisions face all to your Leader Command The two outmost Files of Muskettiers march forth being led by four Officers two of which are to return into their places the Serjeants that led forth the outmost Files are to stand to see them do their Execution the two inmost Files face inwards Oblique cross the Front of Pikes the outmost Files face outwards in an Oblique manner then to your Leader Observe the Figure For to fire upon this Figure let the Muskettiers present all together as now they stand and give fire and then suddenly facing after their Bringers up march down into their places then next two Files of each Flank in the interim moving forwards into their Leaders ground and so fire and fall off as before which reduceth them Command Muskettiers march until your half Files range even with the Front of Pikes then stand Half Files of each Arms face outward and march until you are clear of the Angles of your Arms then stand face all to your Leader This Figure fit to fire to the Front and both Flanks if to the Front and that you would preserve your Figure then the Muskettiers must move forwards into their Leaders ground If you please you may move forwards your Reer Division of Muskettiers and make Wings of them when having fired once or twice over may retreat into their places the Pikes in the mean time are to Advance Move forwards Port Charge Stand or Retreat If you would give fire to both Flanks and to the Front at one and the same time then the Front Divisions both Muskettiers and Pikes are to stand and fire to the Front falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Divisions the rest moving up into their Leaders ground the Reer Divisions as well Muskets as Pikes face to the right and left and fire to both Flanks falling off as before the rest moving up into their Leaders ground Reducement Command the Reer half Files both of Muskets and Pikes to face inwards and close their Divisions Pikes march up and even your Front of Muskettiers face to your Leader and they will be reduced Command Files to the right double then wheel your Flanks into the Reer then face the Body to one of the Flanks and wheel your Battel into a Convex Half Moon For to fire upon this Figure as now they stand let the Pikes Charge over-hand and the Muskettiers give fire as they stand presenting all to the Front For a second Firing if the Enemy press upon either of the Flanks or Reer you may cause the whole Body to face outwards and then let the Muskettiers give fire falling off to the right and left through their intervals placing themselves in the Reer of their Pikes the Pikes at the same time charging over-hand Command Wheel your Flanks to the right and left into an even Front then face to your Leader which being performed they will stand three deep in File then Command Files to file to the right into a Ring being led away by some Officer until the File-Leader of the right Flank falling just in the Reer of the Bringer up of the left Flank then face them all to the Center and let them close forwards to order then face them to the right about as in the following Figure For to fire upon this Figure command the Pikes to charge round and the Muskettiers give fire all together then let the Commander go to the place where the File-Leader of the right Flank filed first away and command them to file as they were which being performed they will stand three deep the Pikes being all in Front and thereupon become the File-Leaders Next command the Reer to wheel into both Flanks and Ranks to double to the left and they will be reduced Command Wheel your Front into the midst By this Command the Pikes will be all in the Reer and the Muskettiers in Front and they will stand six deep Then command Files to file to the right into a Ring by causing the File-Leader of the right Flank to march away the rest filing after him 'till they make one entire File and close in a Ring Observe the Figure following Fire upon this Figure if you please as now they stand the Pikes at the same time porting This may be continued so long as you think fit round For a second Firing you may cause every Division of Muskettiers to give fire then fall down even with their Front of Pikes and so fire again the Pikes at the same time charging over-hand to the Horse or they may fall behind the Pikes and then give fire over their shoulders Reducement Command File-Leaders to lead up their Files as they were and then to wheel their Reer into the midst and face to their Leader and they will be reduced as at first Command Muskettiers of the left Flank and the whole stand off Pikes face to the right and left inwards and interchange ground which being done the Muskettiers will be all upon the right Flank then cause each Division both Pikes and Muskets to file to the right the Pikes within the Muskets at the same time making two Rings as in the following Figure For to fire upon this Figure command both Muskets and Pikes to face to the right about then let the Muskettiers all present as they stand the Pikes at the same time charging and give fire then let them make ready a second time and give fire falling off between the intervals of their Pikes placing themselves behind their Pikes the Pikes falling to their close Order by putting the But end of the Pike at the inside of the right Foot the Pike in the left hand drawing their Swords over their left Arms. Then the Muskettiers the Pikemen stooping may give fire over their heads as often as the Commander pleases after they may pass through again into their places After which the Ensign in sign of Triumph may Display his Colours in the midst of the Circle which being performed command the File-Leaders to lead up their Files as they were then let the Pikes and Muskets interchange ground and they will be reduced as at first And herewith we will conclude this days Exercise and leave our Soldiers to their Rests until the morrow's Sun and the thundering Drum shall call us into the Field again CHAP. XXXI The sixth Days Exercise HAving the sixth time brought your Soldiers into the Field according to the accustomed manner and being doubtless well experienced by their former Exercises in the well managing and handling of their Arms and likewise in all other Commands as Distances Facings Doublings Countermarches and Wheelings which will not only encourage