Selected quad for the lemma: rest_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
rest_n	call_v	day_n	week_n	2,323	5	10.1060	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65093	The works of the famous antiquary, Polidore Virgil containing the original of all arts, sciences, mysteries, orders, rites, and ceremonies, both ecclesiastical and civil : a work useful for all divines, historians, lawyers, and all artificers / compendiously English't by John [i.e. Thomas] Langley.; De rerum inventoribus. English	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581.	1663 (1663)	Wing V596; ESTC R28374	121,672	340

kinds of administration of the Common-wealth The Emperial ornaments of the Kings of Rome as fardels of rods the ax the garland of gold the Chair of Ivory the Kyrtil or Cope Chatio● trapped-Horses Rings Coat-Armours Robes Mantles of Estate Embroidered Gowns with garments of Baudkyn or Motley with all other Royal Apparrell began among the Tuscanes which Tarquinius Prisons subdued and used these first by the permission and licence of the Senate The 12 Lictours or Sergeants Romulus first appointed after the manner of the 12 Nations of the Hetrurians whom he conquered which gave to every of their kinds when he was crowned a Lictour or Sergeant whose duty was to wait on the Magistrates and bear the Rods and Axe of Execution The rods as Pliny writeth were of birch The institution of Taxes or numbring the people Servius Tullius King began in Rome first but Moses long before that time numbred the Israelites and therefore the first Tax Subsidy or Tribute was ordained by Moses among the Hebrews and the counting of the number of the people Prisons Fetters Stocks Gyves Staves with like instruments to punish malefactors Ancus Martius as Livy saith did first appoint them to keep men in fear and good order CHAP. IV. Who ordered the Year the diversity of it Moneths Noxes Ides Kalends and Prime HErodotus writeth that the Egyptians first found out the year by the course of the Planets and devided it into twelve Moneths Diodorus assigneth it to the Thebanes which standeth with the opinion of Herodotus because the Thebanes be a nation of Egypt and Egypt was sometimes named Thebe Servius saith that Eudoxus found it first and after him Hipparchus Laertius ascribes it to Thales a Milesian which as he testifieth first perceived the seasons and times of the year and parted it into 365 dayes but that was onely among the Grecians Josephus witnesseth that the year was devised by the Hebrews in Aegypt before Noahs floud There be divers fashions of dividing the year The Archadians finished their year in three Moneths the Carians and Acarnans in six Moneths there was a year that consisted in 30. dayes which was counted by the change of the Moon there was also the great year that ended when all the Planets returned into one point or Line and after the mind of Cicero it conteined 12954. years of the Sun Josephus in his Antiquity saith it contained but six hundred years The other Grecians numbred the full year with 353 dayes Romulus first divided the year into ten Moneths whereof March that he named of his father was first April the second had that name of Venus because she was born of the froth of the Sea which is called Aphros May of the Antient men June of the young men the other he named in their order and number as Quintilis Sextilis September October November December Albeit afterward Quintilis was called Julius in honour of Julius Caesar and Sextilis was changed into Augustus for the memoriall of the Emperour Augustus Caesar Notwithstanding forasmuch as this year which Romulus ordered did neither agree to the course of the Sun nor changes of the adding Moon Numa applyed it to the course of the Moon by adding 56. dayes whereof he made two Moneths the one he named January of Janus the first king of the Latins the other February of their god Februus Afterward Numa supposing God to be delighted with odd numbers gave to January Aprill June August September November December twenty nine dayes To March May Quintilis and Sextilis that is July and October thirty one dayes and to February twenty eight dayes Last of all Julius Caesar put to the whole year ten dayes and six hours whereof he added to these Moneths January August and December every of them two dayes and to April June September and November he gave to each of them one day In this manner Julius Caesar accomplished the year perfectly according to the course of the Sun and the six hours every four years amounteth to one day which causeth Leap-Year as we call it in Latine it is named Bissextus because every fourth year we count twice the sixth Calends of March. The Moneths have their name because they measure the course of the Moon Thus the year hath twelve Moneths whereof Aprill June September and November have thirty dayes all the rest hath one and thirty dayes saving February which hath but twenty eight In the year be 52 weeks and a day There be 365 dayes and six hours The Calends Nones Ides have their appellations of the manner of the reckonning of the Romans The first dayes were named Kalends from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to call for at every change of the Moon the chief Ruler of the Sacrifices called Rex sacrificulus assembled all them of the Country of Rome in the Capitoll and shewed them their Festivall dayes and what it was lawfull to do that Moneth The Nones had that name because they were the ninth day from the Ides which Ides be the mid-dayes of every Moneth and had their appellation of the Hetrusians Term iduare that signifieth to devide in the middle This fashion of counting the Moneths endured to the 450 year of the City and was kept secret among the Bishops of their Religion till the time that C. Flavius P. Sulpitius Avarrio and P. Sempronicus Sophilongus then being Consulls against the mind of the Senators disclosed all their solemn feats published them in a Table that every one might have perseverance of them The Prime whereby we find the Conjunction of the Moon and all moveable Feasts as Lent Easter Whitsonday and such like was invented by the great Clark Saint Bernard or of Julius Caesar as appeareth in the tenth book De divinis officiis CHAP. V. Who ordeyned the hours dyals and Clocks deviding the day and night HOurs which being in number 24 accomplish the space of a day and night were so named of the Sun which in the Egyptians language is called Horus They at the first were appointed but 12. For H●rmes Trismegistus perceiving a certain beast consecrated to their god Serapis to make water or pisse twelve times in the day at equall distance supposed that the day ought to be devided into twelve hours This number did continue long but afterward the day was divided into 24 hours Anaximenes a Milesian found in Lacedemonia the first Dial that declared the hours by the shadow of the Gnomon It was long before they were used in Rome for as Pliny writeth in the 12 Tables there was onely rehearsed the rising and going down of the Sun and a few years after Noon or Midday was added which the Beadle or common Crier did denounce This was onely on clear dayes when they might perceive the course and altitude of the Sun The first Diall was set up on a Pillar openly which stood behind the common Pulpit or bar called rostra at the cost of M. Valerius Messala then Consul

in France The division o● Davids Psalter into seven parts called Nocturns according to the seven dayes in the week was the Work of Hierome at the request of Damasus Bishop of Rome which also gave Commandement that it should be read al●o in the Churches and added Gloria Patri to the end of every Psalm Damasus also instituted that the Psalms should be sung and said by course Though some say Ignatius did devise that before his time which thing was learned of David or Asaph for in the old Synagogue they used to sing their Psalms after that sort but our singing 〈◊〉 far from their manner For our singers cry out so loud that we hear nothing sa●e a noise and those that be present cannot be edified with the word It were great furtherance to Religion If those singers were either banished out of the Temples or else their singing were more moderated that the words might be understood to the edifying of the Laity which is sore blinded with singing and sound of Instruments that be not fit to edify but to delight the Ears This modest singing was used by the holy Athanasius Bishop of Alexandria through all his Province and Diocess as Austin witnesseth Damasus commanded that the common Creed should be said every hour Vitalianus invented the decent tunes wherein the Hymns be sung and joyned the Organs to them Legends of Saints were made the year of our Lord 800 by Paulus Diaconus and Isuardus a Monk at the desire of Charls the Great And for as much as the Persecutions were so great that in the time of Dioclesian the Emperour there died 17000 Christians within 30 dayes space they could not particularly write all their lives but made certain general Legends of Martyrs Confessours Virgins which we now call the Common and the Fathers commanded those to be read in the Church on ●uch sSaints dayes Afterward many thinking that they should be heard rather for their much babling sake devised sundry manners of praying and divers uses as Bennet's Monks had one use Bernard's another and Dominicks brethren had one order by themselves and every Provincial Bishop made a several Use in his Diocess and all were confirmed by the Bishops of Rome CHAP. III. The beginning of ●asting Alms Advent Lent Embring dayes FAsting and Alms-deeds be as St. Augustine saith the two wings of prayer wherewith it is made stronger and lighter to fly into the presence of God and be more accep●able in his sight Fasting hath been used from the beginning of the World when the Fruit of the Tree of knowing good and evil was forbidden to our first Parents in Paradise because by such abstinence they might obtain and enjoy everlasting felicity Alms in like manner sprung of the infirmity and neediness of the nature of men for as they felt hunger cold nakedness and such other calamiries as be in our mortal life they were constrained to desire ayd and succour of other men as of alms Albeit Moses was the first that ever prescribed any law of giving alms as appeareth in the book of Deuteronomy Charitable alms must be so freely given that we exempt none from the use and part-taking of it and as the Scripture saith without respect of persons As for Fasting of that original proceeded further for the use of Flesh and Wine from Adam till the time of Noah was unknown And Moses forbare meat fourty dayes and Elias did likewise Our Saviour Christ fasted the same space And God pardoned the Ninivites of their crimes because they fasted with repentance The Jews also in their law so oft as they either asked any benefit of God or would pacifie his wrath or render thanks for his benefits or kept any solemn Feasts used commonly to fast And certainly he keepeth not the true fast which forbeareth flesh or foregoeth his Supper but he that diminisheth his affections abateth his anger asswageth his Pride moderateth his desires mortifieth his lusts suffereth patiently all adversities that man is the true faster Albeit the other is a coadjutor to that thing and helpeth much that purpose Therefore to the intent we might reclaim such corruptions of our old Adam The Apostles did ordain the Fast of Lent as Hierome in an Epistle to Mercella doth plainly declare Wherefore they that refer it to Telesphorus be deceived for he did not institute it first but appointed that it should be kept before Easter And added another Week to it which we call Quinquagesima This week he commanded Priests to fast more then the Laity because that they which ought to be Holier then the rest should in this ordinary Fast shew more abstinence then other The Apostles also instituted that there should be a solemn Fast for three Weeks before the Nativity of our Lord named Christmas which constitution was a while kept universally but afterwards it was resigned to the Monks and Religious persons Calistus or as some think Vrbanus did begin the Embring dayes quarterly for the preservation and amplification of fruits ordained for the sustenance of men and beasts Albeit I rather take it to be an imitation of the old Roman feasts which thrice in the year had sacrifices for the prosperous successe of their Corn. One Vinalia for their Wines The other Robigalia for all their grain lest it should be mildewed The third Floralia for all their fruits These vain superstitions the old Bishops of Rome turned to a Godly use and transported their Feasting into Fasting that they might the rather at the contemplation of our Prayers and Fasting God might prosper the increase of all fruits to the sustentation of his Creatures CHAP. IV. ☞ Watches were turned into Fasts Fasting on Fridayes and Wednesdayes naming the dayes of the Week in sundry wise IT was the manner from the beginning of our Christian Faith that forasmuch as our Saviour was born in in the night Priests did rise in the night season and sung the hours Canonicall otherwise named the Mattins and the Lay people was accustomed on those Saints Eves that were any solemn Feasts to watch at the Tombs of Martyrs Praying and singing holy Psalms Which thing the Testimony of Pliny doth approve where he writeth in an Epistle to Trajane how much number of people was slain in whom he could never espy any fault saving that before day at certain times and Feasts they arose and sung the commendation of Christ whom they called God But as time is the corrup●er of all worldly things So devotion began to abate and instead of Hymns they sung dissolute ballads and prayer was turned into wanton dalliance The youth went about light amorous company the eldest persons practised baudry women were not ashamed to give themselves to be corrupted in all kind of whoredome Upon this occasion the old fathers fearing lest it should grow to a further inconvenience turned the Vigils into Fasting dayes Notwithstanding the Priests used their ordinary times of Service as they were wont to do

and such Feasts were called by the name of Vigills and observed with no lesse reverence then the Fast of Lent This remedy was provided after St. Hieromes time which dyed the year of our Lord 422 when Bonifacius the second was Bishop of the See of Rome The like custome was also observed among the Aegyptians which on the Evens of their high feasts fasted and after they had slept they offered a Cow all such night Sacrifices and observances for like causes were by a perpetuall Law in Greece abrogated by Diagundas a Thebane The Fast of Wednesday and Friday was commanded by the Fathers because on the one day Christ was Crucified and on the Wednesday Judas purposed in his mind to bewray him as Apollonius the Eloquent Oratour supposed Silvester the first Bishop of Rome abhorring the memorial of the vain Gentile gods decreed that the dayes of the Week which had before the names and Titles of the Sun Moon Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus and Saturn should be called the first second third fourth fifth sixth and Seventh Ferie as the Jews counted their dayes from the Sabbath day He did also call the first Ferie Dominicus Dies that we name Sunday and called Saturday Sabbatum of the old holy day and rest of the Hebrews all these things were done at the Suit of Constantine then Emperour Albeit the Apostles before that time had consecrated the Sunday to the Lord because that day he rose from death and the Jews Sabbath was turned into it as may appear by the decree of Pius that ordained the Easter to be kept on the Sunday and therefore I think Silvester did but onely renew the same Act of the Sunday It was the invention of the Egyptians that the dayes were first named after the 7 Planets as Diodorus recordeth Saint Gregory was the Author that neither flesh nor any thing that hath affinity with it as Cheese Milk Butter Eggs should be eaten on such dayes as were fasted We have also a manner and usage of hallowing the Table and meat before we be set that began of the imitation of Christ which used the same fashion over the five loaves in the Wildernesse and at Emaus also he did likewise consecrate the Table in the presence of his Disciples so was the form of saying Grace after Supper taken likewise of the custome that Christ commonly kept at his Suppers The manner to read a part of the Bible at dinner time hath been of long continuance and did proceed of the Godly doctrine that Christ instructed his Disciples in at all times but namely at his last Supper wherein he treated of the perfection of all the Mysteries of our Religion And thus our fathers to keep in memory such an wholesome institution did bring in this manner of reading the Scripture at meat or meal-time CHAP. V. The original of holy-dayes Paschal Candles Birth-dayes LIke as the Jews had in their Law which was but onely a shadow of things to come holy-dayes appointed for the execution of the mysteries of their Religion whom they in one general term named Sabbath-dayes of the rest and vacation that they had from bodily labours semblably our fathers have ordained Feastival dayes in the N●w Testament wherein Christian men all prophane businesses and evil matters laid apart might whol'y apply themselves to godly and spiritual meditations As the perusing and reading of Scriptures hearing of devout Sermons rendring honour to God by sacrificing praying and well doing be works fit and convenient for the holy-day and also reverencing the memorial of Saints on such dayes as be assigned to that purpose is on the holy day laudable For Oblation is onely due to God as Paul and Barnabas did openly testifie at Listra For when he had commanded by the power of the Word of God that the man which was lame from his Mothers womb should arise and walk the people for wonder and marvail of the Miracle would have done sacrifice to them but they renting their cloathes departed out of the press and with sharp words rebuked their enterprise as a thing unmeet to be done to any mortal man or worldly creature First of all the Feast of Easter was instituted by the Apostles and prescribed by Pius the First to be solemnized on the Sunday Afterward Victor that was Bishop of Rome about the 196th year of our Lord decreed That it should be kept and celebrated on the Sunday from the fourteenth day of the first moneth that was March untill the 22 of the same lest our order and account should agree with the Jews which kept it somewhat sooner then that appointment speaketh of albeit many forraign Bishops at the first refused that Constitution because they thought it not amiss to keep that Feast after the president of Saint John the Apostle who renewed the Rite of the Jews in the Feast of Easter The custome of hallowing Paschall Candles on Easter Eve was commanded by Zozinus to be frequented in every Church The manner of keeping holy the birth-day of every man was much used in Rome albeit the Persians had that usage before them For there it is the fashion that every man after his ability should with observance of dainty feasts worship the day of their birth and of them the Romans received that superstition CHAP. VI. Of the Institution of Holy-dayes and Canonizing AS you have heard that Saint John the Apostle did celebrate the Feast of Easter even so the other Apostles as it is said were authours not onely of the same Easter-Feast but also ordained That those dayes wherein our Saviour had done any mystery concerning our salvation or information should be kept holy and to the intent they might be more reverenced of their posterity they themselves kept them during their lives very devoutly as the Sundayes Advent the Nativity Circumcision and Epiphany of our Lord the Purification of our Lady called Candlemas Lent Palm-Sunday Maunday-Thursday when Christ after Supper washed his Disciples Feet Good-Friday Easter the Ascension and Whitsunday the Feast of Pentecost was before used of the Hebrews For fifty dayes after that the Lamb was sacrificed in Egypt the Law written by the hands of God was given by Moses in the Mount Oreb in the wilderness of Sinai And 50 dayes after the death of Christ who like a Lamb was offered of the Jews for our Paschal the Apostles received the law of the Spirit The Feast of transfiguration came also of the Jews for like as Moses his face was transposed into a perfect brightness after he had communed with God in the Mount so now after the shadow and vail were taken away by Christ his coming it pleased God to shew to his disciples his transfiguration as a declaration of the shadow past and a figure or signification of the Immortality to come In consideration whereof the holy fathers perceiving the use of such holy-dayes confirmed and ratified them by a