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A05326 A helpe to discourse. Or, A miscelany of merriment Consisting of wittie, philosophical and astronomicall questions and answers. As also, of epigrams, epitaphs, riddles, and iests. Together with the countrymans counsellour, next his yearely oracle or prognostication to consult with. Contayning diuers necessary rules and obseruations of much vse and consequence being knowne. By W.B. and E.P. Basse, William, d. ca. 1653, attributed name.; Phillips, Edward, 1630-1696?, attributed name.; Pond, Edward, d. 1629, attributed name. 1619 (1619) STC 1547; ESTC S117185 70,959 300

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One yeaee thus to another yeelding roome Haue fild vp many a sepulcher and tombe Fretted out brasse with age marble with rust Conuerted generations into dust Frō which collect though nere so yong thou bee This may doomsday finall yeare of thee And frō that motiue such a method borrow As thou shouldst liue an age or die to morrow A Briefe Chronologie of the times wherein these famous men liued and dyed   Anno mundi Aristotle 3640 Homer 3003 M.T. Cicero 3980 Virgil 3998   Anno Domini S. Augustine 400 S Anselme Bishop of Cant. 1080 Agrippa the Magitian 1550 S Bernard 1130 S. Chrysostome 400 Erasmus 1528 Martin Luther 1520 Melancthon 1530   yeares Since London and Paris were paued 416 Since the building of London bridge 435 Of a Yeare and what it is and why it is most properly called ANNVS THe word Annus which most properly signifieth circle or Compasse is here termed for the year which is properly that space of time that the Sunne runnes through the whole Signes and Zodiacke and the reason thereof is for that as little Circles are called Annuli Rings so the greater circles of time are called Anni yeares or circuits because they euer run round and with continuall compasse inuiron all thinges within the verge of Age. Q. What are the parts of a yeare A. Ver estas Autumnus hiems sunt quatuor vnum Qui si membra simul iunxeris annus erit It containeth Moneths Solar 12 Lunar 13 Weekes 52 Dayes 365 so many as there are veines in the body of man Howers 8766 According to the Poet. Ter centum ter viginti cum quinque diebus Sex horas neque plus integer annus habet Or thus Lxv. tria c. capit annus quilibet in sae Addito sex horas anni compleueris oras The yeare Astronomicall or Iulian yeare addeth thereto 6. howres and 6. minutes which euery fourth yeare increase to a day which maketh the Leape yeare or his sextill compounded of bis and sextus because the 6. day next before the Calends of March is twise repeated or reckoned which indeed is the 25. of February Saint Mathias day so adding to the moneth of February one day from whence proceedeth the difference betweene vs and other forraine accounts Q. Why is it called the Iulian yeare A. Because Iulius Caesar the first Romane Emperour caused the yeare according to the course of the Sunne to bee reduced to the number of daies and howres before expressed and whereas March was the first Moneth of the yeare with the Hebrewes and Romanes as now with vs and Iuly was the fift moneth called by the Romans Quintilis the fift month March being the first which Iulius Caesar borne in that moneth altered and called it Iulius or Iuly as August Caesar in whose raign Christ was borne the moneth Sextilis or 6. moneth after his owne name Augustus now August with vs and so reckoning from March the 1. Moneth September according to his signification will bee the seuenth moneth October the 8. moneth Nouember the 9. Moneth December the 10. month which if you reckon from Ianuary they crosse their names Q. The holy Scriptures make mention of sundry thinges done at certaine houres of the day not like vnto the howres of our account as in S. Iohns Gospell the Rulers sonne healed of his sicknesse it is sayde at the 7. houre the Ague left him and the Laborers that came into the vineyard came at the 11. howre and Christ in his Passion t is recorded by the Euangelists that at the 6 houre was darknesse ouer the whole earth and about the ninth houre be cryed with a loude voyce and so ga●e vp the Ghost Now I would know by our account what howres of the day these were as of the rest A. The Iewes did diuide their Artificiall day into 4. quarters allowing to euery quarter 3. houres accounting the first houre of the first quarter at the rising of the Sunne and the third houre of the sayde quarter they called the third houre and the third houre of the second quarter they called the 6. houre which was mid-day the third houre of the third quarter the 9. houre and the 2. houre of the 4. quarter the 11. houre and they called the 12. and last houre of the day Euentide So the Rulers sonne being healed at the 7. houre it was with vs at one of the clocke in the afternoone and the 6. hower when darknes was vpon the earth at midday with vs the 9. hower when Christ yeelded vp the Ghost 3. a clocke in the afternoone the Laborers that came at the 11. howre came at 5. of the clocke in the afternoone or an hower before Sunne-set Q. How diuided they their night A. They diuided their ● artificiall night likewise into 4 quarters called by thē the 4. watches of the night for the first 3. howres was the first watch during which time all the souldiers both young and old of any fortified Towne or Garrison were wont to watch the second third hower they called the second watch which was about midnight at which time the young souldiers onely watched and the third quarter of the night contayning also 3 houers was called the third watch in that season the souldiers of middle age did watch and the last 3. howers called the 4. watch was about the breake of day in which the old souldiees onely watched The day is accounted with vs for payments of money betweene Sunne and Sunne but for inditements of murther the day is accounted from midnight to midnight and so are fasting dayes Q. How in the more purer and auncient times from the example of the Apostles were the dayes of the weeke named since corrupte by the Heathens and called after the names of the seuen Planets or their Gods A. One or the 1. from the Sabboth two or the 2. from the Sabboth three or the 3. from the Saboth and so of the rest Our yearely Almanacks make mention which many read but few vnderstand of the Golden Number Epact Circle of the Sunne Romane Indiction and such like of which I desire to know some reasons or vse And first of the Golden Number what it is when it beginneth and why it is so called THe Golden number is a number of 19. proceeding from 1. to 19 and so beginne againe at 1. and is so called because it was sent in Golden Letters from Alexandria in Egypt to Rome and it is the number of 19. because in 19. yeares the Moone doth make all her sundry motions and changes and returneth againe to the place where shee first begunne To finde out the aforesaide Number adde 1 to the yeare of our Lorde whereof you enquire and diuide the same by 19. and the remainder shall bee the Golden number What is the Epact THe Epact is a Number not exceeding 30. because the Moon betweene change and change nueer passeth 20. dayes The Epact is thus found out multiply the Golden Number of the