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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47555	The Turkish history from the original of that nation, to the growth of the Ottoman empire with the lives and conquests of their princes and emperours / by Richard Knolles ... ; with a continuation to this present year MDCLXXXVII ; whereunto is added, The present state of the Ottoman empire, by Sir Paul Rycaut ...	Knolles, Richard, 1550?-1610.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. Present state of the Ottoman Empire.; Grimeston, Edward.; Roe, Thomas, Sir, 1581?-1644.; Manley, Roger, Sir, 1626?-1688.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. History of the Turkish empire.	1687 (1687)	Wing K702; Wing R2407; Wing R2408; ESTC R3442	4,550,109	2,142

open his Eyes he finds the Faults past by the Interest of the present he sees the Xerifs had abused the Liberty which he had given them whereupon he went to Field with an Army of eighteen thousand men and planted his Siege before Morocco but as his Enemies Party was stronger than his so he was chased away and his Army defeated at the Passage of a River Thus the Xerifs became peaceable Possessors of Morocco The Peace of the Country made these men idle and Idleness drew the two Brethren into Quarrel they mustered up their Forces and came to fight where after two bloody Battels Mahomet being Victor he took his eldest Brother Hamet deprived him of his Realm and Liberty and made him end his days miserably in Prison Thus God doth punish the unjust Spoiler of another mans Good. We shall see in their Posterity the continuance of the same Quarrel Mahomet settled Sovereign in Morocco by Blood and Fratricide as monstrous in Ambition as in Cruelty he turned the same Arms wherewith he had beaten and vanquished his Eldest Brother against the King of Fez whose Improvidence had suffered Mahomet and his Brethren to take Arms under the deceitful Title and Pretence of making War against the Christian Portugals he assaulted him with great Forces vanquished him took him Prisoner and deprived him both of Realm and Life Thus the Xerifs in the Person of this Mahomet became Sovereign Princes of Fez and Morocco The Victory so happily gotten of so many Nations made him fearful but by his Cruelty he drew upon his Descendants the just Judgment of him who punisheth the excess and enormity of Crimes unto the fourth Generation His Posterity was miserable the unjust desire of Reign one ruining another entertained the Brethren in perpetual Discord for Cidan now King of Fez and Morocco was lately expelled by his Brother Kequi but afterwards Fortune changing her inconstant Favour Kequi was pursued by Cidan defeated and forced in the Year 1610 to save his Life in Algarbe in Portugal Abdalla the Son of Kequi seeing his Fathers Affairs thus desolate retires himself towards the Mountains in the Province of Sus where finding opportunity to annoy his Uncle Cidan he made daily Incursions upon his Territories with some Troops of Arabians who had joyned with him being two hundred Horse and two hundred Foot. But finding this to be a long course to attain unto the Conquest of the Realm from whence he had been expelled he bethought himself that some certain counterfeit Fictions in Religion had in former times brought in his Grand-father and made him absolute Lord of a great Country wherefore he made use of a Prophecy forged in his ambitious Spirit and to work an Impression in the Peoples Minds easie to be moved with a Passion of Religion he sent certain religious Mahometans through the Country with a shew of holy Simplicity who went preaching from place to place That one Falquere a Man of holy Life had given unto a Son of his a Drum of an admirable power and vertue commanding him expresly to keep it carefully untill that a Prince called Abdalla should come into Morocco being expelled by the Injustice of his own Blood and that then he should beat his Drum and that the People at the sound thereof might go to the War with all safety that it should be helpful to them give Peace to the Realm and settle all the Customs and ancient Laws to their common content Thus they preached this Prophecy the which they said was now accomplished seeing that this Prophetical Drum had been found that Abdalla the eldest Prince of the House of the Xerifs had caused it to be beaten exhorting all men to follow the War for the common good of the Country These Vanities being preached by these ignorant and malicious religious Turks increased the Number of Abdalla's Party whereof Cydan being advertised he sent a great Army against him into the Province of Sus under the command of Alcas Elmye to hinder the progress of his Designs But Abdalla finding these Forces to approach retired himself towards the Mountains from whence he might charge the Enemies Army the which he did so happily as within few dayes he cut off five thousand of his men This success did so advance his Affairs as his Troops increased daily so as Cydan was forced to go with new Forces to fight with him the which was the cause of his ruin for at this time he was invested and notwithstanding the good success of his false Prophesies lightly grounded upon the sound of a Drum he was defeated and slain in this year one thousand six hundred and twelve Gotardus discoursing of this miraculous King of Mauritania whom he calls Muley Hamet writeth that he was charmed with devillish Incantations and freed from all outward force carrying himself for a Divine Prophet That with one hundred and eighty Horse and two hundred Foot he went to make Head against Cidan King of Morocco having forty thousand men That his Souldiers who were so few in number being ready to flye he persuaded them with a cunning speech to prepare to fight That comming near to Cidan's Camp they might see a great Army of Enemies fighting against them in which there were five thousand of Cydan's Army overthrown and the rest in great disorder put to flight and yet Muley Hamet had not advanced with his Troops That within a few dayes after comming with his Troops tired to a River side he commanded them not to drink nor wash in that River which if they did they would die but some neglecting his command thinking to quench their thirst died suddenly He took many places in those mountainous Regions which no man had formerly subdued his Forces increasing daily having five and twenty thousand men and vowing to go against the Christians more came unto him so as he went against Cidan with a good Army who likewise attended him Hamet persuaded his Souldiers that no shot could hurt them so as they assaulted Cydan's Camp with such fury as within less than an hours space they had slain above six thousand men and put the rest to flight They write that Hamet lost not above four or five and that such as were struck with any Bullet shewed Marks but no Wounds and that the great Ordnance either sho● over them or the Powder vented out at the Touch-hole and wrought no effect Cydan having lost his Brother in the Fight fled with all his Treasure to recover new Forces and in the mean time Hamet made himself Master of the whole Country There were certain Hollanders admitted unto him whom they found sitting upon a Carpet made of the Bark of Trees having a white Shirt and a long Garment upon it a red Cap on his Head bare Thighs and red Shooes a Bag about his Neck and in it he hid his Alcoran a short crooked Sword and a Dagger hanging by him Being saluted by the Hollanders he

fresh Supplies as need or occasion should require Whilst the great Ordnance was in casting the Bassa caused a great Bridge of Timber to be made over the River that so he might at his pleasure pass over his men and command both sides of the River The Christians in the mean time with vigilant Eye so attending the Turks that none of them could stir within shot but he was forthwith set off and slain The thirteenth of Iune Mustapha the Beglerbeg or Viceroy of Asia commonly called the great Bassa of Natolia came also in great pomp to the Siege with thirty thousand Souldiers brought out of Asia personable men but not accounted so good Souldiers as they of Europe for it is a common saying among the Turks That the Men of Europe and the Horses of Asia do best service This great Bassa was honorably met and welcomed by the other great Bassa of Constantinople and was quartered upon another side of the City where his rich Pavillion all of Green was pitcht in a Vineyard about a mile from the Town Mustapha to prove the courage of his Souldiers propounded a reward to which so ever of them as durst adventure but to go and touch the Walls of the City upon which occasion two of his Souldiers passing well mounted attempted to have performed that enterprise But making what hast they could possibly they were both slain from the Wall and one of their bodies recovered by certain valiant Souldiers which sallied out of the Town and his head being cut off was upon a Launce set upon the Walls for the Turks to behold The fifteenth of Iune five thousand six hundred Ianizaries came into the Camp with four white Ensigns at whose coming all the Souldiers of both the Bassaes Camps gave a wonderful shout and welcomed them with great joy These are the great Turks Guard and best Souldiers in whom the greatest Strength of his Kingdom consisteth and are called the Sons of the great Sultan After whose coming Mahomt himself was dayly expected Three days after came two other great men attended upon with a number of followers who by their countenance and the great reverence done unto them by the rest of the Turks seemed to be men of great place and authority these men desired that they might with safety speak with the Governor of the City and the rest of the Captains to deliver unto them such a Message as they had for their good as they said brought unto them from Mahomet Which their request being granted the elder of them after he had with many glorious words set forth the power of his Master and what he had done to other great Cities with their Princes and further shewed into what danger they were like to fall if they should long stand upon their defence he began to perswade them to yield up the City assuring them of all kind usage with many rich rewards from the great Emperor whereas otherwise they were to expect nothing but extream misery and most shameful death Whereunto answer was in the name of them all given by the mouth of Petrus Pagnanus a grave and worthy Citizen That they were not afraid of the greatness of Mahomet or of any thing he had done or could do and that he should find it hard to inforce them but impossible to perswade them to deliver their City and therefore that he might at his pleasure use his Forces against men fully resolved rather to yield unto nature her last due than to hearken to any composition and in conclusion told them that if they should at any time after make any such motion they should not expect any other answer than from the mouth of the Canon With which short answer these great men departed not a little discontented At this same time the strong City of Croia which the worthy Scanderbeg had living so honourably defended and dying had left it with his Kingdom in the protection and possession of the Venetians having holden out a years Siege after all the Kingdom of Epirus and most part of Albania was lost for lack of Victuals was yielded up unto the Turk upon condition That the hunger-starved Defendants who then seemed rather Ghosts than Men might at their pleasure in safety depart which agreement the faithless Turk brake and without mercy put them all to the Sword. This heavy news was delivered to them of Scodra by certain Christians in the Turks Camp wherewith they were much grieved but nothing at all discouraged Whilst the Turks thus lay at the Siege the Watermen of whom a great number lived upon the great Lake of Scodra being in circuit about one hundred miles came many times down the River by night and did much harm in the Turks Camp for remedy whereof they were inforced to build certain small Gallies to keep them in who for all that many times stole secretly upon them and much troubled them The two and twentieth of Iune the Turks mounted two great Pieces of Ordnance upon the top of the Hill whereon the Bassa lay whereof the one carried a Bullet made of an hard kind of round Stone of three hundred pound weight and the other a Bullet of four hundred wherewith they began to batter the Town four days after that they placed a third Piece of Artillery at the foot of the same Hill which delivered a Bullet of four hundred pound weight and the next day they planted a fourth Piece greater than the rest about the middle of the same Hill which carried a Shot of six hundred and fifty pound weight In this while eight thousand of the Turks Souldiers called Asapi which are known from the Ianizaries by their red Caps whereas the Ianizaries wear white came into the Camp. And shortly after came Mahomet himself with all his Army to the River of Drimon whither the two great Bassaes of Asia and Constantinople went with great Pomp and Triumph to meet him The second of Iuly Mahomet with all his Army before the rising of the Sun came to the Camp before Scodra where after he had well viewed the Situation thereof he is reported to have said O what a fair and stately place hath the Eagle chosen out for her self to build her nest and to hatch her young ones in Divers rich Pavillions were set up for Mahomet himself but one far greater than the rest distant from them about a Flight shoot which was the place wherein he held his Counsel the other were for his own private use Round about these his Tents lay the Ianizaries incamped a good distance off yet so close one to another as if it had been a perpetual Rampire or strong Trench whereinto was but one entrance continually guarded with a most strong Guard. Round about the Ianizaries lay all the rest of the Army encamped so that all the Country as far as a man could see was covered and white with Tents much like as when the ground in Winter is covered over with a deep Snow and

Gradium still expecting the coming of the County Serinus who otherwise busied could not come The next day after a Souldier sent out from the besieged came into the Camp who gave the Captains to understand that except they made haste that day to relieve the distressed Monastery it would undoubtedly be lost for that the Enemy had made it assaultable and would that night give the assault and the defendants doubting how they should be able to maintain the Place began before his departure thence to think of composition with the Enemy Upon which news the Captains forthwith began to consult among themselves what course to take in so doubtful and dangerous a case where Aversberg was of opinion that it were best to march on and to give the Enemy Battel with whom also agreed the Lord Rederen the rest of the Captains being of a contrary mind for that the strength of the Christians compared to the Turks was too weak and therefore they thought it better in time to retire whilst they yet might than to hazard unto most manifest peril the lives of so many valiant men at so great odds At which counsel Aversberg was at the first much moved but afterwards as he was a man of great eloquence plainly set before them the necessity of the Cause and with lively Reasons cheared up the fearful Croatians notably perswading them all in general to but their whole trust and confidence in God to whom it was as easie to give Victory by few as by many and to fight like valiant men for their Religion their Countrey their Lives their Wives their Children and Friends and whatsoever else they held dear against that cowardly Enemy whose valour never brought him into the Field but only the vain trust he had in his multitude and would therefore no doubt easily be put to flight if he should contrary to his expectation find himself but a little hardly laid unto With these and other like Reasons he prevailed so much that they all yielded to his opinion and with one consent resolved to go against the Enemy and to do what they might to relieve their besieged Friends So upon a sign given the whole Army in number not above 4000 forthwith removed and with great speed hasted towards the Enemy and being come within a mile of the Camp put themselves in order of Battel The Turks by their Espials understanding of the approach of the Christians brought all their Horsemen over the River of Kulp by a Bridge which they had made and having put themselves in order came on to joyn Battel with the Christians who had in their Vauntgard placed the Croatians and Hussars in the left wing them of Carolstat and the Hasquebusiers of Karnia in the right wing the borderers of Carainia all Horsemen in the main Battel the rest of the Souldiers with the Horsemen of Silesia under the conduct of Sigismund Paradise the Rereward was inclosed with three Companies of the Emperors Souldiers The Croatians and Hussars in the Vantgard gave the first charge upon the Enemy but having for a good space made a great Fight they were about to have retired and discouraged with the multitude of the Enemies were even upon the point to have fled when Aversberg General of the Christian Army came on with his Squadron and not only restored the Battel but so resolutely charged the main Battel of the Turks that the Bassa was constrained at the first to retire and afterwards to fly after whom all the rest of the Army followed The Christians still keeping their array pursued them with great speed and coming to the new made Bridge before them took from them that passage to the great discomfiture of the Turks who seeing the miserable slaughter of themselves and no way to escape ran headlong some into the River Odera some into Kulp and were there for the most part drowned the rest were all slain by the Christians before determined not to take any Prisoners In the mean time the Turks that remained at the Siege understanding of the overthrow of their fellows set fire on their Powder and other Provision and so in great fear betook themselves to flight Whose Tents the Christians immediately after took and in them nine great pieces of Artillery and good store of great Shot of 44 and 45 pound weight apiece with the sumptuous Pavilion of the Bassa and much other rich Spoil which was all carried into the Monastery of Siseg The number of the Turks slain in this Battel and drowned in the Rivers is of divers diversly reported but most agree upon 18000. And amongst them was Hassan Bassa himself found in the River near unto the Bridge known by his most rich and sumptuous Apparel and near unto him Mahomet-Beg and Achmet-Beg In other places were also found the dead Bodies of Saffer-Beg the Bassaes Brother of Menibeg Haramatan-Beg Curti Beg O perd Beg and Goschus the Bassaes chief Counsellor and Master of his Houshold But of all others the untimely death of Sinan-Beg Amurath's Nephew his Sisters only Son sent thither to have learned the Feats of Arms under Hassan the great Bassa was of the Turks most lamented Of 20000 Turks that came over the River Kulp scarcely 2000 escaped This so great a Victory obtained all the Army of the Christians went thrice about the Monastery and every time falling all down upon their knees gave unto God most hearty thanks for the same as by him miraculously given and not by themselves won and afterwards made all the shew of joy and gladness they could possibly devise Siseg thus delivered and the Turks Army overthrown the Christians with all speed laid siege to Petrinia the strong new Fort of the Turks which they for the space of five days most furiously battered but hearing that the great Governour of Graecia whom the Turks call the Beglerbeg of Romania was with a great power coming to the relief of the Fort they raised their Siege brake up their Army and returned every man to his wonted charge Whilst these things were in doing at Petrinia a Post came from Constantinople to Buda who brought thither the first news of the overthrow of Siseg for the report thereof was not as yet come to Buda wherefore the Bassa called unto him the Messenger Authour of so bad News and diligently examined him of the truth thereof who told him That at his departure from Constantinople nothing was there known of that loss but that upon the way as he came he met with divers Horsemen but lately escaped from the slaughter who told him of a certainty that the Bassa was slain and his Army destroyed Whereunto the Bassa of Buda replyed That he was happy in his Death for that if he had by chance escaped he should for his Indiscretion undoubtedly have suffered some other more shameful Death at the Court. When News of the aforesaid Victory was brought to the Emperour at Prague he commanded publick Prayers with

hope with so great and puissant an Army as they were about to raise to make an end of the Wars in Hungary and not to return until they had conquered all the rest of that Kingdom in the rent reliques whereof the Fortune of the Othoman Emperours had stayed so that all Handy-crafts men were set to work by Day and Night not only to forge Weapons to cast great Ordnance and to make Powder but to prepare all other things necessary also for so great an Exploit All these great Preparations were made for the service of the Visier Bassa for the War in Hungary and of Cicala Bassa in Persia whereof he was appointed General having before presumptuously promised utterly to ruinate the Persians Estate and with so great a Power even to swallow him up And indeed these Eastern Wars greatly troubled the Turks News coming still concerning the Conquests of the Persian upon his Territories and that even of late the Persian King prosecuting his Victories had taken Babylon with all the Country thereabout and that divers other Towns and Cities more moved with fear than with the Faith wherewith they had bound themselves unto the Turks now yielded themselves unto the Persian as weary of the Turks Servitude and desirous of their antient Liberty And yet for all that the Turks as they are wise to dissemble their Losses and to strike a fear into their Enemies had given it out in Constantinople That the Persian King was near unto Babylon discomfited all his Army overthrown and he himself taken Prisoner so that the Turks Forces before distracted should now wholly joyn together to the utter Ruine and Destruction of the Christians in Hungary And the more to confirm this evil News it was reported That the Beglerbeg of Grecia had raised a great Power to joyn with the Visier Bassa's Forces to the intent to leave nothing unconquered in Hungary For the better effecting whereof it was also said That the Visier Bassa had caused a great number of Vessels loaded with Powder and other warlike Provision to be brought by Water out of Egypt to Belgrade to ruinate the Estate of the Christians All which Reports were by the Turks given out to cover their own Mishaps and to terrifie their Enemies as knowing right well Wars to depend much upon Reports and that a false brute believed worketh oftentimes the Effect of a thing indeed done Howsoever it was those so dreadful Reports might well have served to have stirred up the Spirits of the Christians to have provided for their own Defence and to have stood upon their Guard for he that faileth to provide against the Preparations of his Enemy well deserveth either Bondage or Death which soever shall befall him for having by his Negligence betrayed his own Ability and Power to have withstood him The great Report of the Turks Preparations and Forces had now dash'd all the Talk of Peace at Constantinople and the hot fire of Ambition had quite scorched the sweet Flowers appearing upon the overture of the late hope of the common Repose some perswading the Great Sultan that he was able with his Power at the same time both to subdue the Persian King and to confound the Forces of the Christian Emperour having so many Kingdoms within his Empire so many Armories stored for his Service and such store of Treasure ready for his Designs promising unto him most happy and easie Success both in the one and the other Expedition even a● one and the self same time so that he might vanquish the Persian by Cicala Chie●tain of his Army in Persia and conquer the remainder of Hungary with the Countries of Transilvania and Valachia by the Visier Bassa General of his Forces against the Christians it being as they said a thing both honourable and profitable for a Prince to bestow both Men and Money thereby to gain Men Honour and Empire so that things which with great charge might be done all at once were more profitable than were those which with less charge were done at divers times for that things so done at once yielded present profit as being in our Power and recompensing our Charge the other in long time putting us to great charge and yielding little or no profit at all And indeed men stand in great fear of this the Turks young Emperour being by Nature firce hasty vigilant cruel ambitious and proud and who in his Behaviour and Actions much resembled Mahomet the second he which took from the Christians so many Kingdoms Towns and Cities and amongst the rest the Imperial City of Constantinople He like unto a young Alexander occupieth himself in all the Exercises of War hateth Idleness his Fathers greatest Pleasure he causeth Arms to be made Cannons to be cast Ships and Gallies to be built and taketh a Pleasure to discourse how the same are to be imployed against his Enemies so that it is greatly to be feared that he being but a Child in Constantinople will prove a man grown in Christendome in bringing the same under his Power and Obeisance He spareth no Person nor Means which may serve to satisfie his desire So that Strangers are to expect small Courtesies at his hands when as they see him to use such bloody Cruelty against his Noblemen and domestical Servants of the chiefest of whom since he was Emperour he hath already put divers to death with one of his Bassaes also who was the Governour of Pesth when as our men won it But as Justice and Clemency unto good Princes are the surest Bonds to keep their Subject fast bound unto them in their Obedience and Duties so are Cruelty and Rage Bridles wherewith the Turkish Emperours keep their Subjects in awe and subjection unto them and themselves in their Estate But leaving the Turks busie about their Preparations for the accomplishing of their young Emperours high Designs let us return into Hungary taking Transilvania in our way the woful Miseries of which Country my Mind abhorreth to think upon and my Pen thereof to write This Province sometime much renowned for the great Victories obtained against the Turks by the Inhabitants thereof under the leading of their Prince Sigismund Bator and others abounding with plenty of all things was now not by any invasion of the Turks but by civil Discord amongst themselves and Rebellion against the Emperour now their Sovereign so wasted and spoiled by the Souldiers on all sides that many of the poor Inhabitants for want of food fell down dead as they went in the Streets and Fields miserable Wretches always sowing but never reaping always labouring but nothing profiting the merciless and greedy Souldier still spoiling or devouring all By long continuance of which daily Outrages the Fields at length lay now untilled the Pastures unstored and neglected and all things else unmanured and quite out of course by means whereof the Famine so increased that the poor Peasants of the Country having eaten up for great Dainties

they well declared their meaning for the battering of that Fort. Against which their Designs George Basta Lieutenant-General of the Imperial Army right resolutely opposed himself having near unto Strigonium cast up a strong Fort well furnished with Men and great Artillery from which he greatly annoyed the Turks with his great Ordnance and with the fury thereof inforced them to remove farther off with their Approaches his Army upon the River of Danubius in the mean time lying betwixt the Isle of Strigonium and the old Town of the Rascians to keep the Enemy from entring either into the one place or the other County Sultze Governour of the Place also having taken a general Muster of his Men and with comfortable and cheerful Speeches encouraged his Souldiers putting them in mind of their Duty and of the honourableness of the Action now in hand as undertaken for the Maintenance of the Christian Religion for the Service of the Emperour and the Safeguard of their own Lives persuading them withal not to put any Trust or Confidence in the Turks Faith or fair Promises considering that their Weapons were even yet wet with the Blood of their Christian Brethren most perfidiously by them of late massacred and slain at the taking of Alba-Regalis encouraging them also with the Goodness of their Cause with the carefulness of their Friends abroad for their Relief with the regard of their own Valour and Cowardise of their barbarous Enemies whose only Hope and Trust was in their Multitude and withal comforting them That holding out but some few Months the very Elements themselves and the time of the Year would as it were fight for them and afford them Aid their Enemies being not able with their great Army in the Extremity of Winter Weather without their irreparable losses to hold the Field And that as for himself his Honour together with his Life were so bound unto his Grave and Sepulchre at the foot of the Walls of that Place as that they could not be from the same separated having proposed the Glory of the Preservation of that Place or else of an honourable Death as the end of all his Actions and consummation of all his Hopes And that therefore he most earnestly besought them to follow his so honourable a purpose in assisting him in that Action so much concerning their Lives and Honour and wholly depending on their Courage and Resolution And that for Testimony of his earnest desire to the furthering of this Service he was willing to depart with a good part of his Substance and Treasure to be bestowed upon them amidst these the Trophies of his Honour having commanded them to have certain Months Pay payed before-hand unto them which was accordingly done Now the Turks having a purpose easily to begin the Conquest of Strigonium by the taking of the strong Fort of St. Thomas came the 24 th day of September to assault and batter the same upon whom 500 Horse-men and 2000 Foot-men sallying out of the Fort caused them after a sharp and bloody Conflict and not without some loss on both sides to retire back again and to forsake the Mount whereupon they were incamped But in pursuing of them too far they fell into a great Ambush before by the Turks for that purpose laid to intrap them where betwixt them was fought a most sharp and bloody Fight the Turks presuming upon their Multitude and the Christians standing upon their Valour and Honour Until that in fine Valour by Number being oppressed seven hundred of the Turks being slain the Christians were inforced to retire having lost about an hundred of their Men and amongst them the valiant County Casimir of Holenloth for whose Body there was a notable Fight betwixt the Christians and the Turks not much unlike unto that which the Poet Homer describeth to have been fought betwixt the Trojans and the Greeks for the Body of Patroclus Howbeit that at length the Christians being over-charged with the coming on of the whole Army of the Turks were glad as I said to retire and so to leave the dead Body of the County Casimir in the power of their merciless Enemies who as Dogs which revenge themselves upon the Stones which are cast at them being not able to bite the hands of them that threw them so did they upon the Body of this gentle Knight by cutting off his Nose and Ears and afterwards his Head. But within some few days after this Body so disfigured was again delivered unto the Christians for a Turk of good account who was about that time by them taken Prisoner At which time the Turks seemed to be very desirous of Peace most earnestly requesting County Frederick of Holenloth the slain County's Brother not to be an hinderer thereof Howbeit that this was but one of their old Practices depending still upon unreasonable Conditions whereof the yielding up of Strigonium was one of the chiefest as the Place by them most desired But if this Siege of the Turks availed them not against the Place besieged yet was it profitable for them against another Place by them not attempted which was the strong Town of Hatwan more subject unto fear without any danger than was Strigonium unto the Bullets and Battery of the Turks with just cause of distrust For the Souldiers which lay there in Garrison terrified with the Siege of Strigonium and doubting lest the Turks leaving that Siege should come and besiege them trussing up their Bag and Baggage the Nineteenth of September abandoned the Place and carrying away with them the best of the Great Ordnance left the rest altogether with the Place and great store of Provision unto the Enemy not in hope of any such matter The bruit of the Siege of Strigonium had called thither all the Forces of both Parties in Hungary and the Countries thereabouts on the one side for the winning thereof and on the other for the defence of the same Amongst others the County of Tambier Governour of Lippa was about to have gone thither with certain of his Troops to have aided his General for the Preservation of the Place But in the mean time Bethlin Habor chief of the Rebels in Transilvania assisted by Beckheres Bassa with four thousand Turks entred into the Province to have made himself Master thereof under the Protection of the Turk Whereof the County having got knowledge resolved to go and meet him and to encounter him at the very first Entrance of him into the Province This old Rebel knowing that George Basta was by the Emperour 's Appointment gone out of the Country with the best Troops of his Horse-men the greatest Strength of the Province came on in great Security thinking of nothing but of Victory and of performing his intended Exploit without fear of any to let him so that casting no farther Peril he was surprised by the County before he was aware and put to flight Neither was the Fight long betwixt men accustomed

and large assaultable Breach A great shame for our Men to suffer the same so to be made and not again repaired whereas the Turks before in the same place had made it good against the great Army of the Archduke Matthias being never to be driven and forced out of it by the Christians Valour until they were therein slain and to be now by our men through their Cowardise not to be able to be made good For why it was even the same Place of battel the same Men the same Arms and the same form of Fight but not the same Courages The Turks can very well learn of us that which is for them profitable and make use thereof to their own advantage whereas we can borrow nothing of them to serve us against them and so profit our selves by their Example Besides that the confidence they have in their Multitude carrieth them unto such Advantages as from which the despair of being seconded and relieved keepeth us whole boldness also firmly grounded upon a Resolution to die passeth our Resolution far in fighting only to save our Lives The Breach so made the Turks in good order stayed upon a firm Resolution came bravely marching on one of them thrusting another and as it were striving among themselves who should have the honour to give the first charge their haughtiness of Mind animating of them to seek for Honour even where Perils were risest so to have the honour to die amongst the most forward and valient men of War rather than to live among Cowards of no Reputation or Valour During the heat of which their so great and firm Resolution they regarded not the showers of deadly Bullets falling amongst them as thick as hail as too weak to daunt their haughty Courages but thrusting one another amidst these so great Dangers came unto the breach there to try the matter hand to hand with our men The Janizaries were the men especially appointed to this Service and had taken the same upon them who with their great Musquets on their Rests cruelly galled our men exposed to the danger of their deadly shot upon the brink as it were of their own Graves The Great Bassa himself was there present at the assault encouraging his Souldiers with Speeches full of Terror and of Comfort as he saw Occasion for either to be used wherewith he stirred up their Valour as is a Ship with a fair or rough gale of Wind. Death it self could not overcome these Miscreants their number still repairing in a Moment what Death had taken away in an Hour whereas our Men slew others but to be slain themselves and fought not but to become Sacrifices unto Death themselves and not by their resistance to carry away the Victory against inexorable Destiny The fight was great and terrible and the bullets still flew few of them falling in vain amongst such a multitude and prease of men They of the high Town who themselves expected the like danger wherein their Companions now floated betwixt Life and Death stood above looking on not daring to give them aid or to remove out of their strength but reserving themselves with all their Forces for the sole safeguard of themselves and for their own defence Howbeit all this while the Enemies Forces still increased and the Christians diminished for Death could not weaken theirs whereas it still destroyed ours who failed but in number not in Valour and gave place but unto the force of death and not unto the force of men All the deadly blows appointed to be given for the defence of a Breach had been by our men given all the Arms necessary for such a purpose had been employed all resistance that could be desired had been made and all the Duties of valiant and worthy men performed so that nothing here wanted but number and not valour But in all such Actions there are two things necessary the one for the helping of the other for the correspondency of their Power which both joyned in one Body may do all things but being divided can neither of them do any thing against him which is possessed of both In fine after four Attempts in this Assault most of the Christian Defendants being slain the Turks forced the rest and gained the Breach treading under foot the dead Bodies both of the Turks and of the Christians to get into the City This Place thus won and those that were left put to the Sword and the Town rifled the Turks yet in breath and all embrued in Blood gave an Attempt unto the high Town in some hope even at that time in so great a Confusion of the Defendants to have carried the same also Howbeit the Desendants beholding their Weapons yet dropping with the Blood of their Friends and Companions and ready to shed theirs also for the present notably repulsed them Who so disappointed of their purpose and desiring to gain the Place with the least loss they might resolved to take the same by undermining of it reposing more trust in the Spade and the Mattock than in their Swords and Harquebuses being by Experience of their former Sieges taught how hard and dangegerous a thing it was by Battery and Assault to obtain the same This travel in the Mines took success according to their desire for within a few days the Mines with much labour being brought to Perfection and fire put unto them they failed not to work their effect but with their great Violence blew up the Walls Rampiers Men and Munition all together casting forth such Smoaks and Flames as wherewith a number of the Defendants were smothered and burnt Which Breaches so made and the defences of the City blown up in such sort that the Christians lay open to the Enemies deadly shot being not able any more to shew themselves without danger of their Lives the Turks in order forthwith came to assault and force the same Which the Captains of the Christians beholding prepared themselves to withstand them and to that purpose would have given order unto their Souldiers for the defence both of the Breach and of the Walls whom they found such as Eumenes at his greatest need found his not willing in any wise to fight and in the most assured peril of Death without Courage either to vanquish their Enemies or defend themselves in such sort that not one of them would put themselves in order shew themselves upon the Breach or come near the Walls Lazy Cowards chusing rather to attend an assured death in their Cowardise and want of Courage than to adventure their Lives into the danger of Arms well deserving to endure the same with dishonour seeing that they refused by honourable resistance to preserve their Lives The Captains for all that by fair speeches and by threats ceased not to stir them up praying exhorting and sometime with Death threatening them if they thus refused to do their Duty and with their naked Swords in their hands would

out but was presently taken with a Bullet and slain which mischance when it might seem of right to have terrified the rest from attempting the like did indeed the more incense them so that when they saw the Enemy exceeding busie in filling the Ditch they resolutely set down to offer themselves to most assured death rather than to fall into the hands of the merciless Enemy agreed to sally out by night and to meet with his designs Whereupon an hundred part Knights part other Souldiers sallying forth caused the Enemy to forsake the Ditch and betake himself to flight of whom they slew about fourscore and lost of their own ten men amongst whom were Ioannes and Manicrinus two Knights whose heads the Turks the next day set up upon two Spears upon their Trenches that they might be seen by the Christians The same day they of the City of Melita at night made at one instant a number of fires and as if it were in triumph discharged great Vollies of small Shot with many other tokens of joy which as well the besieged as the Turks thought verily to have been done upon discovery of the Christian Fleet or else the landing of such Forces as were come to remove the Siege whereas indeed it was neither but done only to shew their chearfulness and to keep the Turks in suspence with the novelty of the matter who for all that were not slack in their business but with Earth filled up the Ditch at the Castle Bulwark whereby it came to pass that they could not be hurt by the Flankers made in that place to scour the Ditch but might thereby as upon plain ground without stay pass unto the Wall now opened and overthrown with their continual battery and with two great Pieces which they had planted upon a high Mount which they had newly cast up on the right hand the Bulwark Savoire they began to play upon the Castle and at the first shot shot into the Loupe where Franciscus Castilia commanded Ioannes Bernardus Godinetius a Spanish Knight was there slain with a small shot The same day Franciscus Aquilates a Spaniard one of the Garrison-Souldiers perswaded by fear and hope in dangers two evil Counsellors fled out of the Town St. Michael to the Enemy perswading the Turks Colonels to give a fresh Assault assuring them that they should without doubt win the Town because there was but 400 Souldiers left alive in it and they as he said almost spent with labour and wounds all the rest being dead Which the Turks hearing and seeing fair breaches both in the Walls of the new City and of the Castle of St. Michael wide enough for Carts to go through they determined with all their Forces to assault both places at once and to prove if there were yet so much strength left in those Holds as again to repulse them so the 7 th day of August at one instant they assaulted the new City at the Castle Bulwark and the Castle St. Michael at the breach with such a multitude that all the Earth seemed to be covered with men round about The thundring of the great Ordnance the noise of the small shot with the clattering of Armor and noise of Trumpets Drums and other War-like Instruments with the cry of men on both sides was so confused and great as if Heaven and Earth should have been confounded together Which when the Knights in the City Melita heard and saw the Heavens obscured with smoke fearing that the Turks as at the Castle St. Elmo would never give over the Assault until they had won both the Town and the Castle presently all the Garrison-Horsemen issued out of the City and to avert the Turks from the Assault set upon those Turks which lay at Aqua Martia who all surprised with sudden fear fled the Christian Horsemen hardly pursuing them with bloody Execution and they in their flight pitiously crying out upon their Fellows for help Whereby it came to pass that they which were assailing the City and Castle to rescue their discomfited Fellows were glad to give over the Assault so with great slaughter foiled on both sides by the Christians they returned to their Trenches when they had lost about fifteen hundred at the Assault beside them which were slain in the chase by the Horsemen of Melita Of the Defendants of both places were slain above an hundred and almost as many wounded This fight endured about five hours Valetta delivered of so great a danger that day and certain others caused publique Prayers to be made and went himself with the multitude of the Citizens to the Church to give Thanks to Almighty God for that Victory Whilst these things were in doing Garzias the Vice-Roy was advertised from Calabria that certain Ships laded with Men Victual and other provision necessary for the Wars were coming from Constantinople to Malta wherefore he forthwith sent Al●amira and Gildandrada two Noblemen with five Gallies to meet them who being come within thirty miles of Malta met with no such Ships but only one Frigot and a Galliot the Frigot they took but the Galliot escaped to the Enemies Fleet at Malta Mustapha the Turks General now thinking no man so strong which might not with continual labour and watching be wearied and overcome resolved not to give unto the besieged any time of rest but commanded his Souldiers again to assault the breach at the Castle of St. Michael where they were by the valour of the Defendants with no small slaughter quickly repulsed neither did the Bassa give so many assaults for the hope he had to win those places but rather to perform the duty of a valiant General and to satisfie Solymans pleasure who had expresly commanded either to win that Island or there all to lose their lives He also sent a Galliot in hast with Letters to Solyman wherein he shewed him the state of the Fleet with what difficulties the Army was distressed what small hope there was of winning the places besieged how well the Christians were provided with many other such things In the mean time those two Gallies of Malta which we have before spoken of departing from Messana came to Syracusa where they stayed a day The next day after in going out of the Haven they met with one of Malta in a small Boat coming from Pozalo sore wounded he being demanded how he was so hurt told them That landing by night with his Boat and one Companion he was requested by two Sicilians which dwelt there to rest there that night which they doing about midnight five Turks brake into the house upon them killed his Companion carried away the Sicilians and he wounded as he was hardly escaped by the benefit of the night moreover he said That the Sicilians had told the Turks that two Gallies were come into that Port with Souldiers and other War-like Provision bound for Malta Whereby the Knights perceived that their coming would be discovered unto the Enemy

most terrible and desperate Assaults at length namely the 13 day of September when they had with all their force for the space of six hours furiously assaulted the Castle and slain most of the Defendants at last look it Serbellio shot in with two Bullets and wishing rather to die than to fall into the hand of the Enemy thrust himself into the midst of the Turks there to have perished but by the hasty coming in of Pial Bassa both he and Salazar were taken alive as for all the rest that followed them they were put to the Sword. The Bassa in his rage struck Serbellio and the more to grieve him caused his Son to be cruelly murthred before his Face Neither was this Victory by the Turks obtained without Blood having in less than three months space that the Siege endured lost above thirty thousand Men. These strong Holds the greatest strength of that Kingdom thus taken the Turks marched to Tunes which they easily took and afterwards overthrew the Fortifications thereof because it should no more Rebel Mahomet the young King but the year before placed in that Kingdom by Don Iohn was there taken and in bonds sent aboord to be carried with Carrera Captain of Guletta Prisoners to Constantinople and thus the Kingdom of Tunes with the strong Castle of Guletta fell again into the possession of the Turks to the further trouble of the Christian Countries lying over against it The proud Bassaes having as they thought best disposed of all things at Tunes and Guletta departed thence and with their Fleet of 400 Sail came the fourth of October within sight of Malta But understanding that they of Malta were provided for their coming and remembring what dishonour their most magnificent Emperor Solyman had not many years before there sustained whereof divers of them had been eye-witnesses they turned thence and sailed directly to Constantinople Shortly after this great Emperor Selymus spent with Wine and Women unto whom he had given his great strength died the ninth of December in the year of our Lord 1574 when he had lived one and fifty years and thereof reigned eight and lieth buried at Hadrianople He was but of a mean Stature and of an heavy Disposition his Face rather Swollen than Fat much resembling a Drunkard Of the Othoman Kings and Emperors he was of least Valour and therefore least regarded altogether given to Sensuality and Pleasure and so dying left his Empire unto Amurath his eldest Son a Man of more Temperance but not much greater Courage who nevertheless by his valiant Bassaes and Men of War did great matters especially against the Persians the mortal and dangerous Enemies of the Turks as shall be hereafter in this History declared Christian Princes of the same time with Selymus the Second Emperors of Germany Maximilian the Second 1565. 12. Kings Of England Queen Elizabeth 1558. 45. Of France Charles the Ninth 1560. 14. Of Scotland Queen Mary 1543. 20. James the Sixth that now reigneth 1567. Bishops of Rome Pius the V. 1566. 6. Julius the XIII 1572. 12. Non ego fortis eram quis tanto nomine dignus Ni fortem faciat mens generosa virum Me tumidum fortuna tumens evexit in altum Et par fortuna mens mea semper erat Sic quamvis tenero mihi nil nisi molle placeret Nominis augendi raptus amore fui 〈…〉 ad fortia facta ministros 〈…〉 sublatum est nomen in astrameum 〈◊〉 I wa● not none deserve that name 〈…〉 whose generous minds bespeake their fame F●rtune advanc'd me high and fickle Shee Still found a Soule bravely prepard in me Soft in my tender years tho' I became 〈◊〉 still I priz'd the glory of my name 〈…〉 abroad my Ministers of State 〈…〉 ●he Slavish drugery of my fate pag 651. Mustapha Ferhates Sinan et ter maximus Osman Terrores Orbis Succubuere mihi Armenios domui fortes Medosque feroces Et mihi paruerat Regia Taurisij Sed mihi quid prodest tantorum parta lab●re Gloria Si Subito maxima quaeque 〈◊〉 Et nihil est tanti quod non brevis aufere● 〈◊〉 Sic mea cum multis gloria victa 〈◊〉 Osman Ferhates Sinan M●staph● The terrors of the World did me obe● I broke the Medes and the 〈…〉 And batterd downe the proud Taur●●●●n Towers Yet what 's all this to my ill gott renowne Since greatest things are soonest tumbled downe We 're robb'd of all we have in one short houre And quickly we and ours shall be no more THE LIFE OF AMURATH The Third of that Name Sixth Emperour of the Turks THE death of the late Emperour Selymus year 1574 was for fear of the insolent Janizaries notably concealed by the great Bassa's until such time as Amurath his eldest Son then in Asia by speedy Messengers advertis'd thereof about twelve dayes after arrived at Constantinople and there received into the Seraglio took possession of the Empire the five and twentieth day of December solemn amongst us Christians for the Nativity of our Saviour Christ Jesus He was about thirty or as some write seven and twenty years old when he began to reign of a manly stature but pale and corpulent wearing his Beard thin and long in his Countenance appeared not the fierce nature of the Othoman Princes being indeed himself of a peaceable disposition a lover of Justice and in the manner of his Superstition very zealous The riot and excess grown amongst the Turks by his Fathers evil Example he reformed by his own Temperance and the severe punishment of notorious Drunka●ds yet it is reported that he would oftentimes himself drink plentifully of Wormwood-wine he was much subject to the Falling-sickness and sore troubled with the Stone more spare-handed than was for the greatness of his State and yielding more to the counsel of his Mother his Wife and Sister than of his great Bassa's which was of many imputed to him for simplicity At his first coming to Constantinople to appease the murmuring of the Janizaries grieved to see themselves so disappointed of the spoil of the Christians and Jews which they were wont to take in the vacancy of the Empire he beside the usual largess which the Turkish Emperours at their first entrance into the Empire bestow upon them augmented also their daily wages and granted them this Priviledge That their Sons as soon as they came to be twenty years old should be inrolled amongst the n●mber of the younger Janizaries and be partakers also of their immunities whereby he won their favours exceedingly And immediately to rid himself of all competitors he after the unnatural manner of the Turkish Policy caused his five Brethren Mustapha Solyman Abdulla Osman and Tzihanger to be all strangled in his own presence The Mother of Solyman pierced through with the cruel death of her young Son as a Woman overcome with sorrow desperately struck her self to the heart with a dagger and so died At which so

Counterscharp fortifying the whole Works and to plant Palizadoes As they had not apprehended a Siege the Generals found the more to do Lorrain endeavoured however to provide for all things before the arrival of the Enemy who began since the 11 th to shew their most advanced Troops near the City The same day Starenberg's Regiment arrived as also a thousand commanded Men who advancing swiftly before the rest of the Army entred the City And now they burn the Suburbs which was continued the day following the Citizens themselves carrying Fire into their own Houses and in the Evening there was a great Skirmish near the Palace called the Favorite where the Turks advanced to discover All the Infantry arrived the 13 th and Lorrain made them all march into the Counterscharp except eight Batallions which he retained in the Tabor the better to defend that Post where he resolved to stay until the Powder and Bullets expected from Lintz were arrived which being effected and the Ammunition conducted into the Arsenal he caused the rest of the Foot to be removed into the Town together with Dupigni's Regiment of Horse the whole composing a Body of twelve thousand Men. The Tartars had committed infinite Ravages and Cruelties in that vast extent of Countries round Vienna for several Leagues It is their custom to run before the Army armed only with a Javelin and to burn and sack and spread Terror over all where they find no resistance They kill such as fall into their Hands or traffick them away as Slaves with the Turks No place escapes their Inhumanity not the most retired Places of Forrests the impenetrable Dens of wild Beasts or the most obscure retreats of Valleys There is nothing these Barbarians do not discover by means of their Blood-hounds the use whereof is common amonst them But now the gross of the Enemies Army approaching a great number of Waggons some with four Horses and others drawn with Oxen and very many Camels laden with Baggage began to range themselves in form of a Croysent or half Moon about the City extending from the Danube behind St. Mark along the Suburbs of Leopolstat and the neighbouring Villages even to Neudorf At the same time the Turks opened their Trenches on the side of the Imperial Gate and lodged there in spight of the Cannon of the Town that endeavoured to hinder them The Duke of Lorrain having ordered Affairs at Vienna retired with his Horse and Dragoons over the Bridges and camp'd there he would gladly have kept some Foot with him but having considered the greatness of the Enemies Strength the Works that were to be made the distance of Supplies and the diminution which the continuance of a Siege would make in the Garrison he resolved to leave all his Infantry with the Governour who most earnestly desired it The Duke before he left Vienna had designed to continue in the Tabor or Isle of St. Leopold and so conserve the Communication with the City Tabor is an Island of a League and a half long environed with the Danube This Isle is full of Houses of Pleasure Gardens and Groves But upon a true Survey of the Place his Highness could not think it defensible the Waters being so low that the Arm of the River which formed this I●le was almost every where fordable so that whole squadrons might pass at once without breaking their Ranks for this and other Reasons the Isle being likewise exposed to the Enemies Artillery they were obliged to repass the Danube The Turks by this time had pitch'd an infinite number of Tents about the City and making a lodgement in Rottenhoffs Garden where they had first opened their Trenches and raised a great Battery they thundered without ceasing to favour their Works which they continued winding and turning The besieged on their side covered themselves with Gabions and sacks of Earth to hinder the effect of the Enemies Cannon they also raised a good Battery on that side and all the Engineers and most knowing Officers being distributed into the several Posts were continually employed to render their Cannon serviceable and fortifie the Places the most exposed to the Enemies Fire which cost many of them their Lives The Turks moved to see that the Christians were Masters of the Bridges made an attempt to force Conte Schultz who had the guard of them This General seeing his forlorn and advanced Guards pressed he sent other Troops to sustain them but the Infidels having already a great body in the Isle of Tabor the Christians were forced to fly over the Bridge The Enemy planted their Standards there but the Cannon loaden with Cartrages flanking that place and the swift firing of the Dragoons ranged along that Arm of the Danube constrained them to retire though themselves were exposed to the Enemies great and small shot The Dragoons pressed them with so much violence in their retreat that they took their Colours The Turks upon this occasion lost a Bassa and many of their Janizaries General Schultz himself was wounded here as also the Conte of Salsburg and a Polish Major slain In the mean time the Turks having possessed themselves of St. Leopold's Isle shut up the City on all sides They made Bridges upon that Arm of the Danube which runs next the City not only to communicate with their Camp but to hinder the descent of Boats. They burnt the Favorite and reduced all the Palaces of the Grandees to Ashes As soon as the heat of firing began to cease in the Suburbs the Turks filled them with Janizaries so that none could enter or go out of the City which much troubled the Duke of Lorrain who could no more give or receive Intelligence from the besieged though so near and in sight of them The Camp of twelve thousand Men which the Grand Visier had left near Raab to favour the Convoys continued there still under the command of the Bassa of Buda but he was relieved by Prince Abaffi being himself obliged to go to the Siege of Vienna There was also a Camp almost always betwixt Fickem and Altembourg upon the same account that is to keep open and assist the Passage of Convoys which came from Buda and the Neighbouring Parts The Turks being posted in St. Vlrick's Suburbs run their Trenches within fifty paces of the Counterscharp and Batteries They also advanced their Cannon there but before they discharged them they caused a little Bag of Linnen carried upon the Spur by two Spahies to be thrown into the Counterscharp This contained a Letter from the Grand Vizier written in the Latin and Turkish Languages the Explication whereof follows TO You Generals Governours and Noble Citizens of Vienna We make known by these Presents according to the Orders we have received from the most Serene most Mighty most Redoubted and the Mightiest Emperour of the Vniverse our Master the true Image of God upon Earth who by the Grace of the most High in imitation of our holy Prophet Mahomet